2002

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      <text bytes="3956" sha1="mf0zglmvhb12d2s1gxr24rocbhcups4" xml:space="preserve">{{Decennium|201|MMII}}

== Eventa ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[1 Ianuarii]] – [[Charta argentaria|Chartae argentariae]] et [[nummus|nummi]] [[moneta]]e ''[[euro]]nis'' valere coeperunt.
* [[10 Ianuarii]] - Iussu [[Georgius W. Bush|Georgii W. Bush]] praesidis [[CFA|Americani]] primi captivi [[tromocratia]]e accusati in castra captivorum in [[Sinus Guantanamus|Sinum Guantanamum]] in [[insula]]m [[Cuba]]m portati sunt.

=== Mense Maio ===
* [[25 Maii]] - [[Vicipaedia Latina]] scribi coepta est; pagina prima est [[nuntium|nuntiis]] dicata.

=== Mense Iunio ===
* [[8 Iunii]] - [[Amadou Toumani Touré]] praeses [[Malium|Malii]] nuper electus magistratum iniit.

=== Mense Novembri ===
* [[17 Novembris]] - [[Iulius Andreotti]] [[vir publicus]] [[Italia]]nus propter necem diurnarii ad 24 annos [[carcer]]is damnatus est.

== Nati ==
* [[16 Ianuarii]] - [[Madame|Francisca &quot;Madame&quot; Calearo]], [[cantrix]] [[Italia|Italica]].
* [[19 Februarii]] - [[Matthaeus King (natator)|Matthaeus King]], [[natator]] [[CFA|Americanus]].
* [[25 Ianuarii]] - [[Lil Mosey|Lathan Moyses Stanleius (Lil Mosey) Echols]], [[recitatio rapiana|recitator rapianus]] [[CFA|Americanus]].
* [[4 Aprilis]] - [[Daniel Grassl]], [[patinaticum|patinator]] artisticus Italicus.
* [[14 Iulii]] - [[Vincentius Hacker]], [[ostentator]] [[CFA|Americanus]].
* [[2 Octobris]] - [[Iacobus Sartorius]], celebritas interretialis et cantor Americanus.
* [[23 Decembris]] - [[Finnus Wolfhard]], [[histrio]] et [[cantor]] [[Canada|Canadianus]].

== Mortui ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[23 Ianuarii]] - [[Petrus Bourdieu]], [[sociologia|sociologus]] et [[anthropologia|anthropologus]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1930]].

=== Mense Februario ===
* [[4 Februarii]] - [[Agatha Barbara]], rerum politicarum perita [[Melitta|Melittensis]]; nata est anno [[1923]].
* [[22 Februarii]] - [[Ionas Savimbi]], politicorum peritus [[Angolia]]e et inter bellum civile factionis militaris [[UNITA]]e dux necatus est in proelio; natus est anno [[1934]].

=== Mense Martio ===
* [[16 Martii]] - [[Carmelus Bene]], [[histrio]] praecipue [[theatrum|theatralis]] [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus est anno [[1937]].

=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[8 Aprilis]] - [[Maria Felix]], actrix [[Mexicum|Mexicana]]; nata est anno [[1914]].

=== Mense Maio ===
*[[2 Maii]] - [[Ricardus Stücklen]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] factionis [[CSU]]; natus est anno [[1916]].
*[[5 Maii]] - [[Fridericus Heine]], factionis [[SPD]] politicorum peritus et editor [[Germania|Germanicus]] qui inter alia contra [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitler]] [[tyrannis|tyrannidem]] pugnavit; natus est anno [[1904]].

=== Mense Iunio ===
* [[15 Iunii]] - [[Choi Hong Hi]], praefectus in exercitu [[Respublica Coreana|Coreae Meridionalis]] et conditor [[Taequondo]]nis; natus est anno [[1918]].
* [[17 Iunii]] - [[Fridericus Walter]], pedilusor [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1920]].
* [[29 Iunii]] - [[Alfredus Dregger]], vir publicus [[Germania]]e factionis [[CDU]], natus est anno [[1920]].

=== Mense Iulio ===
* [[20 Iulii]] - [[Ioannes Pozzi]], philologus Helveticus; natus est anno [[1923]].

=== Mense Septembri ===
* [[20 Septembris]] - [[Necdet Kent]], legatus [[Turcia]]e; natus est anno [[1911]].
* [[25 Septembris]] - [[Iacobus Borel]], scriptor [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1925]].

=== Mense Octobri ===
*[[6 Octobris]] - [[Nicolaus Amsbergensis]], maritus [[Beatrix Nederlandiae Regina|Beatricis]] reginae et princeps [[Nederlandia]]e; natus est anno [[1926]].

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[21 Decembris]] - [[Iosephus Hierro]], [[poeta]] [[Hispania|Hispanicus]] (natus [[1922]])
* ? Decembris - [[Flora Kádár]], [[Actor|actrix]] [[Hungaria|Hungarica]] (nata [[1928]])

== Cultura popularis ==
===Radiophonia===
*Continuatio seriei radiophonicae ''[[King Street Junior]]'' (nomine ''King Street Junior Revisited'') [[BBC Radio]] primo emissa.

=== Ludi computatrales ===
* [[Age of Mythology]] ([[CFA]])</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1998</title>
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== Eventa ==
* [[21 Maii]] - [[Indonesia]]e praesidens [[Suharto]] magistratum abdicavit, postquam multi cives id viis et foris postulaverant.
* [[3 Iunii]] - In Germania apud Eschede oppidum casus gravissimus ferriviarius accidit, in quo CI homines necati sunt.
*[[20 Novembris]] - [[Zaria]], prima [[Statio spatialis internationalis|stationis internationalis pars]], introducta est in spatium per [[Proton-K Rocket]] Russianum ex urbe [[Baiconur]]e.

== Nati ==
* [[19 Aprilis]] - [[Patricius Laine]], lusor [[alsulegia glacialis|alsulegiae glacialis]] [[Finnia|Finnicus]].
* [[7 Maii]] - [[MrBeast|Iacobus (MrBeast) Donaldson]], celebritas interretialis [[CFA|Americanus]].
* [[16 Iunii]] - [[Ritsu Doan]],  pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]].
* [[8 Iulii]] - [[Jaden Smith]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]].
* [[8 Augusti]] - [[Ioannes Mendes]], cantor [[Canada|Canadianus]].
* [[7 Septembris]] - [[Damianus Hardung]], actor [[Germania|Germanicus]].
* [[28 Octobris]]
** [[Nolan Gould]], actor Americanus.
** [[Sokayna Talhi]], athleta [[Marocum|Maroccana]].

== Mortui ==
=== Mense Februario ===
* [[8 Februarii|8]] - [[Enoch Powell]], politicus et philologus [[Anglia|Anglicus]]; natus est anno [[1912]].
* [[9 Februarii|9]] - [[Mauritius Schumann]], vir publicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1911]].
* [[17 Februarii|17]]
** [[Ernestus Jünger]] scriptor [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1895]].
** [[Ernestus Käsemann]], [[theologus]] [[Protestantes|Lutheranus]]; natus est anno [[1906]].
* [[27 Februarii|27]] - [[Georgius Herbertus Hitchings]], biochemicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1905]]

=== Mense Martio ===
*[[15 Martii|15]] - [[Sebastianus Rodrigues Maia]],  notissimus cantor et musicus [[Brasilia|Brasiliensis]]; natus est anno [[1942]].

=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[15 Aprilis|15]] - [[Pol Pot]], dictator [[Cambosia]]nus; natus est anno [[1925]].
* [[19 Aprilis|19]] - [[Octavius Paz]], scriptor [[Mexicum|Mexicanus]]; natus est anno [[1914]].

=== Mense Maio ===
* [[2 Maii|2]] - [[Iustinus Soni Fashanu]], pedilusor [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]] mortem sibi conscivit; natus est anno [[1961]].
* [[4 Maii|4]] - [[Theodorus Oberländer]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[CDU]]; natus est anno [[1905]].
* [[6 Maii|6]] - [[Ericus Mende]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[FDP]]; natus est anno [[1916]].
* [[14 Maii|14]] - [[Franciscus Sinatra]], cantor [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1915]].
* [[15 Maii|15]] - [[Ricardus Jaeger]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis [[CSU]];natus est anno [[1913]].
* [[28 Maii|28]] - [[Philippus Hartman]], comicus [[Canada|Canadianus]] [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1948]].

=== Mense Iunio ===
* [[21 Iunii|21]] - [[Anastasius Albertus Ballestrero]], [[archiepiscopus]] [[Barium (Italia)|Barii]] et [[Taurinum|Taurini]] ac [[cardinalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]]; natus est anno [[1913]].

=== Mense Augusto ===
* [[5 Augusti|5]] - [[Theodorus Živkov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]]; natus est anno [[1911]].

=== Mense Septembri ===
* [[9 Septembris|9]] - [[Lucius Battisti]], cantor [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus anno [[1943]].

=== Mense Octobri ===
* [[20 Octobris|20]] - [[Gerhardus Jahn]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis [[SPD]]; natus est anno [[1927]].

=== Mense Novembri ===
* [[18 Novembris|18]] - [[Aurelius de Lira Tavares]], dux militum et vir publicus [[Brasilia]]nus; natus est anno [[1905]].

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[7 Decembris|7]] - [[Martinus Rodbell]], [[biochemia]]e et [[endocrinologia]]e peritus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1925]].
* [[11 Decembris|11]] - [[Maximilianus Streibl]], vir publicus et praeses ministrorum [[Bavaria]]e; natus est anno [[1932]].

== Cultura popularis ==
===Radiophonia===
*''[[King Street Junior]]'' series radiophonica [[BBC Radio]] ultimo emissa (inccepta [[1985]]).

=== Musica ===
* [[Deathspell Omega]] grex musicus [[Francia|Francicus]] conditus est. 
* [[GO!GO! 7188]] grex musicus [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] conditus est. 
* [[Maharishi]] [[grex musicus]] [[Cambria|Cambricus]] conditus est.

=== Ludi Electronici ===
* [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]] ([[Iaponia]])</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gibutum</title>
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      <text bytes="21472" sha1="dh35zf4jdze3a7s8lj40ndfxcpu2fh6" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Dj-map.png|thumb|left|upright=0.5|[[Tabula geographica]] Gibuti.]]

{{Res|Gibutum}}&lt;ref&gt;{{LLHL24 geo|Dschibuti|83}}: &quot;''Dschibuti'', n : Gibutum, i, n [GEO]; Dzibutum, i, n [GEO; VPL: Dzibutum (2008)] {natio Africana}&quot;. E qua citatione constat nos apud Vicipaediam anno 2008 orthographiam &quot;Dzibutum&quot; praeposuisse.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vb. adiect. &quot;Gibutensis&quot;, cf. {{CathHierDiocese|djib|Dioecesis Gibutensis}}; &quot;Djibutensis&quot;, cf. ''[[Pterotricha djibutensis]]''; &quot;Djiboutensis&quot;, cf. ''[[Alpheus djiboutensis]]''&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Arabice]] جيبوتي, [[Francice]] ''Djibouti'', [[Somalice]] ''Jabuuti'', [[Afarice]] ''Gabuuti''), rite {{Res|Res Publica Gibutensis}}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;... fines et loca Rerum Publicarum Sudaniensis, Gibutensis, Somaliensis&quot;: ''[http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/la/apost_letters/1992/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_19920326_suo-iam-pridem.pdf Litterae Apostolicae]''&lt;/ref&gt; est [[civitas sui iuris]] in [[Africa]] sita, cuius finitimae sunt [[Erythraea]] septemtrione, [[Aethiopia]] meridie, et [[Somalia]] austroriente. Oriente est ad [[Mare Rubrum]] ac [[Sinus Madocensis|Sinum Madocensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0889c.html]&lt;/ref&gt; et ab [[Iemenia]]e [[litus|litore]], in [[Arabia|Paeninsula Arabica]], [[fretum|freto]] [[Porta Lacrimarum]], solum 20 [[chiliometrum|km]] amplo, separatur.

Caput est [[urbs]] [[Gibuti]], portus magni momenti in meridionali [[Sinus Tadzurae]] litore situs, cum circiter 450&amp;thinsp;000 incolarum.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Aden MKL Bd. 1 1890 (133265373).jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Sinus Madocensis]] ([[Arabice]] خليج عدن, [[Francice]] ''Golfe d'Aden'') tabula anni [[1890]] cum [[Sinus Tadzurae|Sinu Tadzurensi]] et Gibuti litore pictis.]] 
Area Gibutensis a diversis [[ethnos|ethnesi]] occupata et praesertim duabus culturis affecta est quae sunt [[Aethiopia|Aethipica]] et [[Arabes|Arabica]] culturae. In praesenti [[Afarenses]] ([[Afarice]] ''Qafár'') in duabus tertiis partibus Septemtrionalibus territorii et [[Somali]]ca [[Issae (stirps)|Issarum]] ([[Somalice]] ''Ciise'') communitas in reliqua tertia parte Meridionali conflictive in hac parva civitate coexsistunt. Haec [[ethnos|ethne]] regulares commerciales contactus cum remotorum temporum [[Arabes|Arabibus]] habebant, quamobrem [[Religio Islamica|Religionem Islamicam]] adoptavere.

[[Saeculum 19|Saeculo undevicensimo]], [[Oboccum]] ([[Francice]] ''Obock'', [[Arabice]] أوبوك), antiquum [[oppidum]] anno [[1857]] emptum, territorium inter [[1883]] et [[1894]] nomen dedit cum [[portus|portu]] [[Francia|Francico]] et [[protectoratus|protectoratu]] ([[Sultanatus Tadzurae|Sultanatu Tadzurensi]], [[Sultanatus Raheitae|Sultanatu Raheitensi]], [[Sultanatus Gobādi|Sultanatu Gobādensi]]). Postea [[colonia]] [[Francia|Francica]] fuit cum vulgari nomine &quot;Somaliae Francicae&quot; et formali [[Litus Francicum Somalorum]] ([[Francice]] ''Côte Française des Somalis'') ab anno [[1896]] usque ad annum [[1967]]. Eius primus [[gubernator]] [[Leontius Lagarde]] fuit.
[[Fasciculus:Djibouti-c1905.jpg|thumb|Forum Menelik, Dzibuti, circa annum [[1905]].]]
Anno [[1967]], nomen mutatum est pro [[Territorium Francicum Afarensium et Issarum|Territorio Francico Afarensium et Issarum]] ([[Francice]] ''Territoire Français des Afars et des Issas''). Die [[27 Iunii]] [[1977]], ei iuxta cum Dzibuto independentia concessa est. Eius primus [[praeses]] [[Hassan Gouled Aptidon]] fuit qui usque ad [[8 Maii]] [[1999]] gubernavit.

Bellum civile a rebellibus [[Afarenses|Afarensibus]] ineunte [[decennium 200|decennio 200]] ductum pacto pacis anno [[1994]] contentum est.

Nihilominus, historia Gibutensis, in suorum [[nomas|nomadicorum]] populorum [[poësis|poësi]] et [[cantus|cantibus]] relata, milia annorum antea regreditur in tempus in quo harum terrarum incolae pelles pro [[Aegyptus|Aegypti]], [[India]]e ac [[Sina]]e unguentis condimentisque negotiabantur. Propter arctas rationes habitas cum [[Arabia|Paeninsula Arabica]] per amplius mille annorum, tribus [[Somali]]cae et [[Afariensis|Afaricae]] in hac regione primorum [[Africa|Africorum]] populorum unus fuere qui [[religio Islamica|religionem Islamicam]] accepere.

Dzibutum [[Musulmanus|Musulmana]] [[natio]] est quae assidue [[religio Islamica|Islamicarum]] et [[Arabes|Arabicarum]] nationum conventus participat.

== Subdivisio administrativa ==
[[Fasciculus:Djibouti-regions.png|upright=0.6|thumb|Gibutensium regionum tabula [[Francice]].]]
Dzibutum dividitur in [[regio]]nes quinque et [[urbs|urbem]] unam quae sunt:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Regio [[Latine]]
! Regio [[Francice]]
! Regio [[Arabice]]
! Regio [[Afarice]]
! Regio [[Somalice]]
! Caput [[Latine]]
|-
| [[Regio Alisabiae|Alisabia]]
| ''Ali Sabieh''
| علي صبيح
| 
| ''Cali Sabiix''
| [[Alisabia]]
|-
| [[Regio Artae|Arta]]
| ''Arta''
| أرتا
|
| ''Carta''
| [[Arta (Dzibutum)|Arta]]
|-
| [[Regio Dichilensis|Dichilum]]
| ''Dikhil''
| دخيل
| 
| 
| [[Dichilum]]
|-
| [[Urbs Dzibutum|Gibutum]]
| ''Djibouti''
| جيبوتي
| ''Gabuuti''
| ''Jabuuti''
| [[Urbs Dzibutum|Gibutum]]
|-
| [[Regio Oboccensis|Oboccum]]
| ''Obock''
| أوبوك
| 
|
| [[Oboccum]]
|-
| [[Regio Tadzurae|Tadzura]]
| ''Tadjourah''
| تجورة‎
| ''Tagórri''
|
| [[Tadzura]]
|}

[[Fasciculus:Djibouti districts.png|thumb|Gibutenses districtus [[Francice]].]]
Vicissim in [[districtus]] undecim subdividitur:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Districtus [[Latine]]
! Districtus [[Francice]]
! Districtus [[Arabice]]
! Districtus [[Afarice]]
! Districtus [[Somalice]]
! Regio [[Latine]]
! Caput [[Latine]]
|-
| [[Districtus Alailidaddae|Alailidadda]]
| ''Alaili Dadda''
| 
|
|
| [[Regio Oboccensis]]
| [[Alailidadda]]
|-
| [[Districtus Alisabiae|Alisabia]]
| ''Ali Sabieh''
| علي صبيح
|
| Cali Sabiix
| [[Regio Alisabiae|Alisabia]] et [[Regio Artae|Arta]]
| [[Alisabia]]
|-
| [[Districtus Aseilae|Aseila]]
| ''As Eila''
| 
|
|
| [[Regio Dichilensis|Dichilum]]
| [[Aseila]]
|-
| [[Districtus Balhae|Balha]]
| ''Balha''
| 
|
|
| [[Regio Tadzurae|Tadzura]]
| [[Balha]]
|-
| [[Districtus Dichilensis|Dichilum]]
| ''Dikhil''
| دخيل
|
|
| [[Regio Dichilensis|Dichilum]] et [[Regio Artae|Arta]]
| [[Dichilum]]
|-
| [[Districtus Dzibuti|Gibutum]]
| ''Djibouti''
| جيبوتي
| ''Gabuuti''
| ''Jabuuti''
| [[Urbs Dzibutum|Gibutum]] et [[Regio Artae|Arta]]
| [[Urbs Dzibutum|Gibutum]]
|-
| [[Districtus Dorrae|Dorra]]
| ''Dorra''
| 
|
|
| [[Regio Tadzurae|Tadzura]]
| [[Dorra]]
|-
| [[Districtus Oboccensis|Oboccum]]
| ''Obock''
| أوبوك
| 
|
| [[Regio Oboccensis|Oboccum]]
| [[Oboccum]]
|-
| [[Districtus Randae|Randa]]
| ''Randa''
| 
|
|
| [[Regio Tadzurae|Tadzura]]
| [[Randa (Dzibutum)|Randa]]
|-
| [[Districtus Tadzurae|Tadzura]]
| ''Tadjourah''
| تجورة‎
| Tagórri
|
| [[Regio Tadzurae|Tadzura]]
| [[Tadzura]]
|-
| [[Districtus Yobocorum|Yoboci]]
| ''Yoboki''
|
|
|
| [[Regio Dichilensis|Dichilum]] et [[Regio Artae|Arta]]
| [[Yoboci]]
|}

== Geographia ==
[[Fasciculus:Djibouti Map.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Geographica tabula Gibutensis.]]
[[Fasciculus:DjiboutiLacAssal2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Regio [[lacus Assalensis]] ([[Francice]] ''Lac Assal'', [[Arabice]] بحيرة عسل).]]
Situm in [[Cornu Africae]], Gibutum 23&amp;thinsp;000 [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] latum est, finitimum [[Aethiopia]]e, [[Erythraea]]e, [[Somalia]]e ([[Somalilandia]]e e [[1991]]) et [[Iemenia]]e.

[[Respublica]] Gibutensis media inter [[Aequator]]em et [[Cancri tropicus|Cancri Tropicum]] invenitur. Cuius collocatio, in orientale [[Africa]]e litora, in meridiano [[Mare Rubrum|Maris Rubri]] ostio et [[Sinus Madocensis]] occidente, scilicet inter [[Canalis Suesiensis|Canalem Suesiensem]] et [[Oriens Medius|Orientem Medium]], iuxta cum [[Aethiopia]]e propinquitate in principio strategicum pondus habet.

Gibuto [[mare|maritimum]] [[litus]] 314 [[chiliometrum]] longum est, e [[Mare Rubrum|Mari Rubro]] usque ad [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceanum Indicum]], per [[Porta Lacrimarum|Portam Lacrimarum]]&lt;!-- vide [https://www.zedler-lexikon.de/index.html?c=blaettern&amp;seitenzahl=0023&amp;bandnummer=03&amp;view=100&amp;l=de] in fine --&gt; [[Fretum]]. Quod litus e [[Promuntorium Dumeirae|promuntorio Dumeirae]] ([[Francice]] ''Ras Doumeira'') septemtrione usque ad [[Loyada]]m ([[Francice]] ''Loyada'') Meridie patet.

Territorium magnam prospectuum diversitatem suppeditat: [[mons|montes]] septemtrione, [[lacus]] inter quos [[Lacus Assalensis]] ([[Francice]] ''Lac Assal'', [[Arabice]] بحيرة عسل) et [[Lacus Abbe]] ([[Francice]] ''Lac Abbe''), [[deserta|regiones desertas]] inter quas [[Magna Bara]] ([[Francice]] ''Grand Bara'') et [[Parva Bara]] ([[Francice]] ''Petit Bara'').

Recens [[Mons ignifer|vulcanica]] activitas prospectum accommodat. Ultimus [[mons ignifer]] activus in territorio [[Arducōba]] ([[Francice]] ''Ardoukôba'') est.

== Oeconomia ==
[[Fasciculus:Djibouti Port.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Portus]] Gibutensis.]]
Gibutensis [[oeconomia]] praesertim in [[diaconia|diaconiis]] ad strategicam nationis collocationem et suum [[zona liberi commercii|eleutheremporicae zonae]] statum [[Africa|Africo]] Boreoriente fundatur. Duae tertiae partes incolarum [[caput (urbs)|capitalis]] [[Urbs Dzibutum|urbem]] habitant, dum tertia pars relicta praesertim a [[nomas|nomadicis]] [[pastor]]ibus componitur. Rara [[praecipitatio]] [[agricultura|agrariorum fructuum]] productionem limitat, quamobem pleraque alimenta importanda sunt. Paululum [[ops naturalis|opium naturalium]] et fere tota [[industria]]e absentia est. Dzibutum igitur valde ab internationali auxilio pendet ad sustentandam [[ratio solutionum]] et ad pecuniam suppeditandam evolutionis inceptis.
[[Fasciculus:Djibuswalm.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Dzibutum in A Walmart.]]

Gibutum maximae stationis militaris [[Francia|Francicae]] sedes extra [[Francia]]m (circiter 4 000 hominum) est. Annuum oeconomicum subsidium a Francia receptum 40 centesimae nationalis praecomputationis. Dzibutum [[zona liberi commercii|Zonam Liberi Commercii]] [[Africa|Africo]] Boreoriente et ponderis regionale [[petroleum|petrolei]] commeatus centrum consideratur. Logisticus campus in oeconomia praecipuissimorum unus est.

Dzibutum diaconias velut [[portus]] regionali transitui et internationale [[combustibile|combustibilium]] transvectionis reonerationisque centrum praebet. Regionalis instabilitas conflictibus inter [[Aethiopia]]m et [[Erythraea]]m provocata nihilominus normales commercii canales mutavit.

Consumptio pro incola 35% inter annos [[1999]] et [[2006]] causa [[Recessio oeconomica|recessionis]], [[bellum civile|belli civilis]] et magni demographici incrementi (a magno immigrantium et [[exsul]]um numero advento aucti) deminuta sunt. Natio recenti crisi oeconomica non affecta est, sed magna alimentorum et Diselianorum importatorum dependentia ad generandam [[Electricitas|electricitatem]] nationem vulnerabilem internationalium pretiorum collapsibus facit. Externorum longi termini debitorum incrementum Gibutensem commorationem oeconomico ambitu auget et stipulationum a nationibus impositarum effectionem intrincat quae ei externum auxilium offerunt.

== Demographia ==
Gibutenses in duobus [[ethnos|ethnesi]] consistunt qui [[Somali]] et [[Afarenses]] sunt. [[Somali]]ca stirps Gibutensis praesertim ab [[Issae (stirps)|Issis]] componitur, qui plerique sunt, et [[Gadabūrsi]]. Ambo [[Diri]]cae substirpes sunt. Issae [[Diri|Dirorum]] [[Madōbei|Madōbeorum]] partem formant dum [[Gadabūrsi]] [[Diri|Dirorum]] [[Mandalūgi|Mandalūgorum]] pars sunt. Reliqui incolae in [[Europa]]eis (praecipue [[Francia|Francicis]] ac [[Italia|Italis]]), [[Arabes|Arabibus]] et [[Aethiopia|Aethiopibus]] consistunt. Quamquam [[lingua Francica|Francica]] et [[lingua Arabica|Arabica]] [[lingua officialis|linguae officiales]], [[lingua Somalica|Somalice]] et [[lingua Afarica|Afarice]] valde loquitur. Maior Gibutensium pars [[urbs|urbani]] habitatores; reliqui [[pastoralismus|pastoralistae]] sunt

=== Valetudo ===
[[Fasciculus:An Afar nomad.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Vir]] [[Afarenses|Afarensis]] in [[nomas|nomadica]] [[vestis|vesti]].]]
[[Fasciculus:A Somali man.jpeg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|[[Somali]]cus vir in traditionali [[taquiya]].]]
[[Exspectatio vitae]] in natu circa 60 annorum et viris et feminis. Fertilitas 2,79 puerorum pro femina est. In natione circiter 18 [[medicus|medicorum]] pro 100&amp;thinsp;000 hominum sunt.

Secundum anni [[2005]] [[Consociatio Mundialis Sanitatis|Consociationis Mundialis Sanitatis]] aestimationem, circiter 93,1% Gibutensium feminarum et puellarum [[Mutilatio genitalis feminea|mutilationem genitalem femineam]] passae sunt quae prae-[[Coniugium|maritalis]] [[consuetudo]] praesertim in Boreorientali Africa et [[Oriens Proximus|Orientis Proximi]] partibus endemica est et cuius ultimae origines in [[Aegyptus Antiqua|Aegyptum Antiquam]] regrediuntur. Quamquam anno [[1994]] legaliter prohibita est, operatio adhuc late effecta est et eius radices medullitus locali in cultura aguntur. A mulieribus in communitate alita et perfecta, circumcisio in animo promiscuitate deterrere et contra impetum protectionem offerre habent. Circiter 94% Gibutensium virorum quoque se [[circumcisio|maculinam circumcisionem]] passos esse referunt.

== Religio ==
[[Fasciculus:Djibouti mosque.JPG|thumb|left|[[Meschita]] in [[Urbs Dzibutum|urbe Gibuto]].]]
Gibutenses praesertim [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]] sunt. [[Religio Islamica]] a 94% Gibutensium (circiter 740 000 hominum secundum aestimationem anni [[2010]]) observatur, dum reliquae 6% [[Religio Christiana|Christianismum]] colunt.
{{bar box
|title=Religio in Dzibuto
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=religio
|right1=percentantio
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Religio Islamica]]|green|94}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianismus]]|purple|6}}
}}
Singulae urbes et singuli pagi singulas [[meschita]]s habent ubi populus veneratum eunt. Antiquorum religiosorum ducum et eorum sanctorum consideratorum [[sepulcrum|sepulcra]] sicut sacra loca nota sunt. Celeberrimus [[Religio Islamica|Islamicus]] locus in Dzibuto sepulcrum [[Seichus|Seichi]] [[Seichus Abuyazidus|Abuyazidi]] est quod in [[Goda (mons)|montibus Goda]] invenitur. Praeter [[calendarium]] [[Calendarium Islamicum|Islamicum]], Musulmani Gibutenses quoque [[Annus Novus|Diem Anni Novi]] ([[1 Ianuarii|kalendis Ianuariis]]) et [[Dies Laboris|Diem Laboris]] ([[1 Maii|kalendis Maiis]]) velut festa agnoscunt.

[[Respublica]] Gibutensis [[religio]]nem [[Religio Islamica|Islamicam]] unicam [[religio civitatis|religionem civitatis]] nominat, [[Constitutio]] anni [[1992]] aequalitatem cuiusvis fidei civibus (articulo primo) quoque et [[libertas cultus|libertatem colendae cuiuslibet religionis]] (articulo undecimo) concedit. Gibutensis Codex Familiae ([[Francice]]; ''Code de la Famille'') anni [[2002]] [[Musulmanus|Musulmanas]] uxores a haud [[Musulmanus|Musulmanis]] viris duci vetat, nisi viri se in [[Religio Islamica|Religionem Islamicam]] convertant. [[Coniugium]], [[divortium]] et [[hereditas]] a Tribunale Familiae tractantur quod Codicem Familiae et iurisdictionem ad [[Musulmanus|Musulmanos]] applicat, dum haud Musulmani altera ex parte ad civilia tribunalia eunt. Secundum Relationem Internationalem de Libertate Religiosa anni [[2008]] ([[Anglice]]; '' International Religious Freedom Report 2008''), quamquam Gibutenses Musulmani legale ius sui convertendi in aliam fidem aut nubendi extra [[Religio Islamica|Religionem Islamicam]] habent, &quot;conversi forsitan negativos societales, tribales et familiares animos contra suam decisionem oppetunt&quot; et crebro coactionem ad redeundum in [[Religio Islamica|Religionem Islamicam]] oppetunt.

Inter 7000 et 8000 [[Catholicus|Catholicorum]] Dzibutum incolunt, e quibus 300 locales Gibutenses et reliqui advenae sunt. [[Christianus|Christiani]] incolae magna ex parte in foris natis aut in exsulibus habitatoribus consistunt. Dzibutum [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae|Catholicam]] [[Dioecesis Gibutensis|dioecesem]], quattuor Catholicos [[sacerdos|sacerdotes]], omnes advenae, quoque et 40 Catholicos [[missionarius|missionarios]] habet.

== Cultura ==
[[Fasciculus:Djibouti city corner building.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Architectura]] colonialis.]]
Multum originalis Gibutensis artis oraliter, praecipue per carmina transmitttitur et servatur. Multa [[Religio Islamica|Islamicorum]], [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Ottomanicorum]] et [[Francia|Francicorum]] ponderum exempla localibus in aedificiis notari possunt, quae [[gypsadicum|gypsadica]], solerter constructa [[filium (ars visualis)|filia]] et [[calligraphia]]m continent.

=== Vestimenta ===
Gibutensia [[vestimenta]] calidum aridumque regionis [[clima]] reflectit. Cum [[Civilizatio Occidentalis|Occidentales]] vestes velut [[genuenses]] aut [[tunicula]]s non induunt, [[vir]]i typice in [[macaviis|macavii]] vestiuntur, qui quidam habitus [[sarongum|sarongo]] similis circum medium corpus indutum est. Inter [[nomas|nomades]], multi in laxe involvente [[albus|alba]] [[Xylinon|xylina]] [[vestis|veste]] [[tobe]] nuncupata vestiuntur quod circiter ad genua descendit cum fine iacto super [[umerus|umeris]] (ad instar [[Roma antiqua|Romanae]] [[toga]]e).

[[Femina]]e typice [[diracum]] induunt, quod longa, levis, diaphana [[voile|voilis]] [[vestis]] est e [[xylinum|xylino]] aut [[polyester]]e confecta et quod super tota [[inducula]] et [[strophium|strophio]] indutur. Nuptae feminae [[ricinium|ricinia]] [[sasum]] nuncupata portare solent et quoque crebro superiorem sui corporis partem cum [[anaboladium|anaboladio]] [[garbasār]]e nominato tegunt. Innubae et virgines, nihilominus, nunquam sua capita tegunt. Traditionalia [[Arabes|Arabica]] vestimenta velut masculina [[dzellabiya]] ([[Arabice]] جلابية) et femineum [[dzilbābum]] ([[Arabice]] جلباب) haud raro induntur. Per aliquas occasiones velut festivalia, feminae se ornare cum singularibus [[gemma|gemmis]] et comae ornatibus possunt similibus eis quos [[Mazicani]]cae [[Maghrebia]]e ([[Arabice]] المغرب) tribus induunt.
[[Fasciculus:Abdourahmanwaberi.jpg|thumb|[[Abdourahman Waberi]].]]

=== Educatio ===
Educatio in Gibuto a [[Francia]] affectissima est. Quamquam gubernationis conatus inscriptiones per [[decennium 200]] auxere, educativum systema adhuc infra populi expectationes et evolventis nationis necessitates. 81 publici ludi litterarii, 24 perscripti privati ludi litterarii, 12 secundariae scholae et duo polytechnica instituta in Dzibuto sunt. Grossus femineae inscriptionis index 21,9% et Grossus masculinae inscriptionis index 29.0 centesimae anno [[2007]] erat.

=== Celebres scriptores ===
Inter Gibutenses clarissimos scriptores eminent [[Abdourahman Waberi]] ([[1965]]– ), [[mysthistoria]]rum scriptor, [[poëta]] et [[academia|academicus]] et [[Mouna-Hodan Ahmed]] ([[1972]]-), [[lingua Gallica|Gallice]] [[mysthistoria]]rum [[scriptor]].

=== Musica ===
Gibutensi [[musica]]e varia genera sunt quae plurimarum musicarum affectionum fructus sunt. Dzibutum, quamquam parva [[Africa]] natio in [[Cornu Africae]], localium musicorum generum praepositionumque evolutioni contribuit.

Gibutum a duobus praecipuis [[ethnos|ethnesi]]: [[Afarenses|Afarensibus]] [[Somali]]sque iuxta cum [[Francia|Francicos]] et [[Arabes|Arabicos]] cives constitutum est. [[Musica Afarensis]] [[musica Aethiopica|musicae Aethiopicae]] cum elementis [[Musica Arabica|musicae Arabicae]] similis est. Gibutensis historia in [[nomas|nomadicarum]] gentium [[poësis|poësi]] [[carmen|carminibusque]] imprimitur et milia annorum regressa est in tempus cum Gibutenses [[corium|corio]] et [[pellis|pelli]] pro antiquarum [[Aegyptus Antiqua|Aegypti]], [[India]]e ac [[Sina]]e [[unguentum|unguentis]] et [[condimentum|condimentis]] negotiabantur. [[Somali]]cae orales [[traditio]]nes poësium et [[proverbium|proverbiorum]], plerorumque [[Sufismus|Sufistarum]] [[sanctus|sanctorum]] vitis deditorum, specimen ostendunt. Afarenses orales [[litterae]] musiciores sunt cum multis varietatibus, inclusis carminibus [[nuptiae|nuptiarum]], [[bellum|belli]], laudis et gloriationis.

[[Hymnus nationalis]] Gibutensis ''[[Hymnus nationalis Gibutensis|Astaanta Calanka Jabuuti]]'' est, anno [[1977]] cum verbis a [[Adenus Elmi|Adeno Elmi]] et cum musica ab [[Abdul Robleh|Abdule Robleh]] adoptatus. &quot;Poësis miniaturae&quot;, a [[Autocinetum onerarium|plaustri]] ductore [[Abdul Deeqsi|Abdule Deeqsi]] nuncupato inventa, notissima in Dzibuto est; quaeconsistit in parvis [[poëma]]tibus ([[baluo]]nibus), praesertim de amore et libidine. [[Baluo]] quoque [[musica popularis Somalica|musicae popularis Somalicae]] genus est.

Inter Gibutensia [[instrumentum musicum|instrumenta]] [[tambūra]] et [[lyra]] excellunt.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Porta Lacrimarum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Djibouti|Gibutum}}
* [http://www.presidence.dj Pagina officialis] ([[Francice]])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110607165336/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/djibouti.htm tlfq.ulaval.ca - Linguae Gibuti]([[Francice]])
* [http://www.cerd.dj/ Centrum Studiorum et Investigationum Gibuti] ([[Francice]])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111226081124/http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index.asp?lang=fr&amp;iso3=DJI&amp;subj=1&amp;paia= Descriptiones nationum ab OAA: Gibutum] ([[Francice]])

{{Africa}}
{{Capsae collectae|Gibutum|politica|{{Praesides Gibuti}}{{Primi ministri Gibuti}}}}

[[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1977]]
[[Categoria:Gibutum|!]]
[[Categoria:Respublicae]]
[[Categoria:Sinus Adenensis]]
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{{Capsa civitatis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Australia}}, plenius {{res|Res Publica Australiana}} ([[Anglice]] ''Commonwealth of Australia''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Commonwealth of Australia, the word[,] is the exact equivalent of the Roman Respublica—otherwise our modern republic&quot; (''Sydney Morning Herald,'' 3 Aprilis 1891).&lt;/ref&gt;), est [[monarchia constitutionalis]] in [[hemisphaerium Australe|hemisphaerio australi]] sita, quae in [[continens|continente]] [[Australia (continens)|Australia]]na, [[insula]] [[Tasmania]], prope medium territorium in [[Antarctica]], multisque [[Index insularum Australiae|insulis minoribus]] in [[oceanus|oceanis]] [[Oceanus Indicus|Indico]] et [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacifico]] consistit.&lt;ref&gt;Australia describes the body of water south of its mainland as the [[Southern Ocean]], rather than the Indian Ocean as defined by the [[International Hydrographic Organization]] (IHO). In 2000, a vote of IHO member nations defined the term &quot;Southern Ocean&quot; as applying only to the waters between Antarctica and [[60th parallel south|60 degrees south]] latitude. {{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/od/learnabouttheearth/a/fifthocean.htm|last=Rosenberg|first=Matt|title=The New Fifth Ocean–The World's Newest Ocean&amp;nbsp;– The Southern Ocean|publisher=About.com: Geography|date=20 August 2009|accessdate=[[5 Aprilis]] [[2010]]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Civitas sui iuris|Civitates]] vicinae sunt [[Indonesia]], [[Timoria Orientalis]], et [[Papua Nova Guinea]] ad [[septentrio]]nes, [[Insulae Salomonis]], [[Vanuatu]], et [[Nova Caledonia]] ad boreorientalem, et [[Nova Zelandia]] ad meridio-orientalem. Australia etiam maxima [[tellus|telluris]] [[insula]] existimari potest, cuius fines ut absoluta continens saepe putantur; pars autem [[Australia (continens)|totius continentis]] [[geologia|geologicae]] est.

[[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] est [[Canberra]], sed maxima [[urbs]] est [[Sydneium]]. [[Civitas]] [[magnitudo|magnitudine]] civitatum [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] est [[sex]]ta, totum [[continens|continentem]] Australianum occupans, et in [[Australasia]] maxima civitas, quia [[insula]] non est finitima aliis civitatibus. [[Nomen proprium|Nomen]] ''Australia'' ex [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] [[explorator]]um sententia ''[[Terra Australis|Terra Australi]]'' natum est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Australien, karta, Nordisk familjebok.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|[[Tabula]] [[geographia|geographica]] Australiana.]]
Australia abhinc annorum inter 42&amp;thinsp;000 et 48&amp;thinsp;000 ut videtur colebatur, cum Australianorum [[Indigenae Australiani|Aboriginum]] ex orientali [[Asia]]e antecessores advenissent. [[Terra (humus)|Terra]] ab [[Europa]]eis inventa est [[saeculum 17|saeculo septimo decimo]], cum visa et quattuor [[navigatio]]nibus visitata est. Duas [[continens|continentis]] orientales partes [[Regnum Britanniarum]] vindicavit circa [[1770]], et primi [[colonia|coloni]] in [[Nova Cambria Australis|Novam Cambriam Australem]] die [[26 Ianuarii]] anni [[1788]] Britannicam [[colonia poenalis|coloniam poenalem]] deduxerunt. Relicta territoria a Regno Britanniarum anno [[1829]] vindicata sunt; fere omnes civitates serius ad Australiam formandam non fuerunt foederantes poenales colonias.

[[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Ianuarias anni [[1901]], Respublica Australiana&lt;ref&gt;Vel fortasse nostra lingua ''Communitas Australiana'' vel ''Foederatio Australiana.''&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Anglice]] ''Commonwealth of Australia'') orta est, [[Imperium Britannicum|Imperii Britannici]] dominium. Australia ab hoc anno est respublica sui iuris, sed ultimum vinculum [[lex|legitimum]] cum [[Regnum Britanniarum|Regno Britanniarum]] usque ad [[1986]] fractum est. Australia est [[monarchia constitutionalis]], [[Carolus III (rex Britanniarum)|Carolo III]] [[Rex|rege]] regnante. Anno [[1999]], [[referendum]] factum est an [[constitutio]] mutaretur ut Australia in [[res publica|rem publicam]] liberam se commutaretur, cum praeside electo qui [[rex|rege]] velut [[dux civitatis|civitatis dux]] substitueret, sed defecit.

Die [[12 Februarii]] [[2008]], administratio foederalis [[apologia]]m ad homines [[Aetas Surrepta|Aetatis Surreptae]], rem controversam, proposuit.

== Civitates et territoria ==
Australia in sex civitates et diversa territoria divisa est. Civitates sunt:
* [[Australia Australis]]
* [[Australia Occidentalis]]
* [[Nova Cambria Australis]]
* [[Terra Reginae]]
* [[Tasmania]]
* [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]
[[Fasciculus:Map of Australia.png|thumbnail|Civitates et territoria Australiana.]]
Territoria sunt:
* [[Territorium Capitale Australianum]]
* [[Territorium Septentrionale]]

Australia et territoria minora numerosa habet velut [[Territorium Sinus Jervisianus]], in Nova Cambria Australi, navalis basis administratum et maritimus capitis portus.

Diversa territoria externa incoluntur:
* [[Insulae Cocos (Keeling)]]
* [[Insula Norfolcia]]
* [[Insula Christi Natalis (Australia)|Insula Christi Natalis]]

Varia territoria fere deserta sunt:
* [[Insula Asmora et Cartiera]]
* [[Insula Maris Curalii]]
* [[Insulae Donalda et Heralda]]
* [[Territorium Australianum Antarcticum]]

Territorium [[caput (oppidum)|Capitale]] Australianum est locus capitis [[Canberra]]e, quae inter [[Melburna]]m et [[Sydneium]], praecipuas [[urbs|urbes]], condita est.

Aliae urbes magni momenti in Australia sunt [[Alitiae Fontes]]{{dubsig}} (Anglice ''Alice Springs''), [[Caerniae]] (Anglice ''Cairns''), et [[Brisbana]] (litore Orientali), [[Darwin (Territorium Septentrionale)|Darwin]] (litore septentrionali), [[Perthia]] (litore Occidentali), et [[Adelaida]] (litore meridionali). Fere 90 centesimae Australiae incolarum in urbibus [[habitatio|habitant]]. Australia est membrum [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]], Asiatico-Pacificae Oeconomicae Cooperationis, et [[Consortio Populorum|Consortionis Populorum]], ordinum internationalium.

== [[Politia]] ==
Communitas Australiae est [[monarchia constitutionalis]]: [[rex]] est [[caput civitatis]], a [[gubernator generalis|gubernatore generali]] repraesentatus. Practice,{{dubsig}} rexmunus rex (et ergo gubernator generalis) est satis [[ritus|caerimonialis]]. Exsecutivum imperium, in theoria{{dubsig}} a rege repraesentatum, curia a [[primus minister|primo ministro]] recta exercetur. Qui minister fere semper est dux factionis quae maximam partem in [[Camera Repraesentantium (Australia)|Camera Repraesentantium]], camera inferiori (cui sunt 150 scamna) bicameralis [[parlamentum|parlamenti]], habet. Camera superior (76 scamnorum) est [[Senatus (Australia)|Senatus]], in quo quaeque civitas a duodecim senatoribus repraesentatur, libere ex uniuscuiusque incolis territoriisque. Etiam tertio anno suffragia sunt, generatim cum medio senatu reelectionibus eligibili.

== Geographia ==
[[Fasciculus:Australia satellite plane.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Photographema]] Australiae ex [[satelles|satellite]].]]
Fere tot terra Australiana sunt [[deserta|desertica]] aut semidesertica. Quadraginta centesimae [[superficies|superficiei]] molibus [[harena|harenosis]] teguntur. Solum occidentalis meridiei et orientalis meridiei anguli [[zona temperata|temperatum]] [[clima]] et moderate fertile terrenum habent. Septentrionalis civitatis pars clima [[zona tropica|tropicum]] habet. [[Magna Curalii Obex]], ingentis [[longitudo|longitudinis]], est maximum [[curalium|curalii]] saeptum in [[orbis terrarum|orbe]], quod ante [[litus]] boreorientalem iacet. [[Uluru]], in media continente, est maximum mundi [[monolithum]]. Hic civitas 90 centesimas terrarum [[Oceania]]e amplectitur. Etiam Australia [[insula]]m [[Tasmania]]m possidet, ex qua [[Fretum Bassianum|Freto Bassiano]] separatur. Australia in [[regio]]nes [[tres|tris]] subdivisa est: in latus orientale, ubi Australianae [[alpes]] et magna divisoria catena sunt; occidentem, ubi aliquae [[alta planities|altae planities]] et deserticae zonae sunt; et locum ubi [[Lacus Eyrianus]] (Anglice ''Eyre'') maximus est. Territorio desertico aliquae usitata Australiae [[animal]]ia sunt [[macropus]], [[sarcophilus]], [[dingo]], [[phascolarctos]], [[dromiceius]]. Australianus prospectus [[quattuor]] vegetationum genera ostendit: [[frutex]] [[Eucalyptus|eucalyptis]] usque ad 40 [[metrum|metra]] altis componitur, ''[[malea]]'' eucalyptis usque ad 5 metra altis formatur, ''[[mulga]]'' plantis [[Acacia|acaciis]] componitur, denique [[mons]] inferior [[rubus|rubis]] parvis formatur.

Fusus horarius continentis de UTC+8 ad UTC+10 variat. Aliquae insulae ad UTC+6,5 et UTC+11 venit. Finitima Australia meridie Oceano Indico, septentrione [[Mare Arafuranum|Mari Arafurano]], orientali septentrione [[Mare Curalinum|Mari Curalino]], occidentali septentrione [[Mare Timorense|Mari Timorensi]], orientali meridie [[Fretum Bassianum|Freto Bassiano]], et meridie [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceano Indico]].

[[Flumen Murrayanum]] est maximum Australiae flumen; etiam [[flumen Murchisoni]]{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ferdinandus de Mueller|Ferdinandi de Mueller|de|qid=Q708002}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=TqJOAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=murchisoni#v=snippet&amp;q=murchisoni&amp;f=false ''Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae'', vol. VIII,  Melburniae 1872-74, pp. 11, 17, 19, 20 etc.]; vel ''flumen Murchison'', [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=ru&amp;id=myw-AQAAMAAJ&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;q=Murchison ibidem, supplementum, pp. 29, 118, 154].|2=Q708002}} et [[Cygnorum flumen]]&lt;ref&gt;''Swan River'', v. [https://books.google.ru/books?id=ZY1SAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q=Cygnorum&amp;f=false Friderici Christiani Augusti Hasse ''Quantum geographia novissimis periegesibus et transmarinis peregrinationibus profecerit brevis expositio qua candidatos magisterii ad solemnia examin''] (Lipsiae: Typis Staritzii, 1837), 20.&lt;/ref&gt; late nota sunt.

[[Saepes dingonum]] partem continentis austrorientalem separat.

== Fauna et flora ==
{{vide-etiam|Fauna Australiana}}
{{vide-etiam|Flora Australiana}}
[[Fasciculus:Macropus eugenii.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Macropus eugenii]],'' unum ex notissimis Australiae [[animal]]ibus.]]
Quamquam insula est desertica et semiarida, in Australia [[natura]]les sedes diversificatae ut diversae [[animal]]ium [[planta|vegetaliumque]] [[species]] acciperentur non desunt. Gratia magnae continentis aetatis, [[clima]]tis secundum tempora variabilissima et [[geographia|geographicae]] insulationis longissima, [[fauna]] [[flora (summatio)|floraque]] propria se evolverunt. Notissima [[animalia|animalium]] genera sunt ''[[Phascolarctos]], [[Macropus]], [[Dromiceius]], [[Ornithorhynchus]], [[Phascolomys]], [[Platypus]], [[Tachyglossus]], [[Zaglossus]],'' quae admirationem primis [[explorator]]ibus [[Europa]]eis moverunt. Nihilominus [[equus|equi]], [[ovis|oves]], [[bos|boves]] ex [[Europa]] continentali hodiernis temporibus sunt magni momenti. Australia duas miliones [[pecus|pecorum]] ovinorum possidet.

== Oeconomia ==
[[Fasciculus:BrisbaneByNight2004.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Brisbana]].]]
Australia prospera mixta modi occidentalis [[oeconomia]], cum reditu pro capite gradus [[quattuor]] [[Europa Occidentalis|Europae Occidentalis]] oeconomiarum. Ultimis annis, Australiana [[oeconomia]] discrimen totius [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] cum firmo incremento adiit. Productio in domestica oeconomia mundi crescens detrimentum frenavit, et [[negotium|negotiorum]] emptorumque fiducia robusta mansit. Australiana de reformulationibus{{dubsig}} emphasis aliud vis oeconomicae elementorum.

==Incolae==
[[Fasciculus:Australia-demography.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Incrementum incolarum de anno [[1961]], milibus hominum computatum.]]
Fere omnes Australiani ab advenis [[saeculum|saeculorum]] [[saeculum 19|undevicensimi]] et [[saeculum 20|vicensimi]] orti sunt, praecipue a [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] et [[Hibernia]], sed postea et ab aliis locis, praesertim [[Italia]], [[Graecia]], hodiernisque civitatibus [[Asia]]ticis. Primorum incolarum posteri, [[Indigenae Australiani|Aborigines Australiani]], 2.2 centesimas incolarum constituunt (secundum [[census|censum]] [[2001]]). Velut aliarum adultarum civitatum, Australiae incolae senescunt, cum plus pensione fruentium quam laborifera aetate hominum. Plurimi cives Australiani [[lingua Anglica|Anglica lingua]] utuntur, quamquam aliquae Aboriginum communitates suum [[patrius sermo|patrium sermonem]] servaverunt, et primae et secundae generationis advenarum numerus satis magnus est [[bilinguismus|bilinguis]]. Cuiusque quattuor tres{{dubsig}}&lt;!--four three?!--&gt; Australiani [[Christianitas|Christiani]] se declarant, praecipue [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholici Romani]] aut [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Anglicani]]. Etiam aliis religionibus diversis utuntur.

===Motio Esperantica in Australia===
Inter studiosissimos consiliorum [[Ludovicus Lazarus Zamenhof|Zamenhofeanorum]] fautores numerabatur [[Kep Enderby]], [[politicus|homo politicus]]. [[Congressus universalis Esperanticus]] [[Adelaidopolis|Adelaidopoli]] anno [[1997]] celebratus est.

== Cultura ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Festa
|-
! Tempus
! Nomen
|-
| [[1 Ianuarii]] || [[Finis anni]]
|-
| [[26 Ianuarii]] || [[Festum nationale Australianum|Festum reipublicae]]
|-
| [[Pascha]] || [[Dies Passionis Domini]]
|-
| [[Pascha]] || [[Saturni dies Paschae]] (exceptis [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] et [[Australia Occidentale]])
|-
| [[Pascha]] || [[Lunae dies Paschae]]
|-
| [[25 Aprilis]] || [[Anzaci Dies]]
|-
| primus Lunae dies post [[9 Iunii]] || Nativitas Regis (excepta [[Australia Occidentale]])
|-
| [[25 Decembris]] || [[Nativitas Domini]]
|-
| [[26 Decembris]] || [[Sanctus Stephanus]] ([[Australia Meridionale|Australia Meridionali]] excepta)
|}

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Babeck, Wolfgang. [[2011]]. ''Einführung in das australische Recht mit neuseeländischem Recht.'' Schriftenreihe der Juristischen Schulung, 195. Monaci: Verlag C. H. Beck oHG. ISBN 978-3-406-61959-5.
*Biedermann, Bettina, et Heribert Dieter, eds. [[2012]]. ''Länderbericht Australien.'' Schriftenreihe, 1175. Bonnae: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. ISBN 978-3-8389-0175-6.
*Brett, Judith. [[2019]]. ''From Secret Ballot to Democracy Sausage: How Australia Got Compulsory Voting.'' Text Publishing Co. ISBN 9781925603842.
*Davison, Graeme, John Hirst, et Stuart Macintyre. [[1999]]. ''The Oxford Companion to Australian History.'' Melbourne Victoriae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553597-9.
*Denoon, Donald, et al. [[2000]]. ''A History of Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific.'' Oxoniae: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-17962-3.
*[[Timotheus Flannery|Flannery, Timothy Fridtjof]]. 1994. ''The Future Eaters: an ecological history of the Australasian lands and peoples''. Chatswood Novae Cambriae Australis: Reed. ISBN 0-7301-0422-2
*Goad, Philip, et Julie Willis, eds. [[2011]]. ''The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture.'' Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88857-8.
*Hagemann, Albrecht. [[2004]]. ''Kleine Geschichte Australiens.'' Beck’sche Reihe, 1594. Monaci: Verlag C. H. Beck oHG. ISBN 978-3-406-51101-1.
*Hughes, Robert. [[1986]]. ''The Fatal Shore: The Epic of Australia's Founding.'' Novi Eboraci: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-50668-5.
*Jupp, James. [[2001]]. ''The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people, and their origins.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80789-0.
*Macintyre, Stuart. [[2009]]. ''A concise history of Australia.'' Cambridge Concise Histories. Ed. tertia. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51608-2.
*Powell, J. M. [[1988]]. ''An Historical Geography of Modern Australia: The Restive Fringe.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25619-4.
*Robinson, G. M., R. J. Loughran, et P. J. Tranter. [[2000]]. ''Australia and New Zealand: Economy, Society and Environment.'' Londinii: Arnold; Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-340-72033-6 (charta), ISBN 0-340-72032-8 (tegmen durum).
*Smith, Bernard, et Terry Smith. [[1991]]. ''Australian painting 1788–1990.'' Melburni: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-554901-0.
*Teo, Hsu-Ming, et Richard Whitt. [[2003]]. ''Cultural history in Australia.'' University of New South Wales Press. ISBN 978-0-86840-589-6.
*Viedebantt, Klaus. [[1991]]. ''30mal Australien.'' Piper, 5126: Panoramen der Welt. Ed. sexta. Monaci et Turici: Piper Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-492-15126-9.
*Voigt, Johannes H. [[2000]]. ''Australien.'' Beck’sche Reihe, 883: Länder. Monaci: Verlag C. H. Beck oHG. ISBN 978-3-406-44783-9.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Aetas Surrepta]]
* [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Australiae]]
* [[Litterae Australiae]]
* [[Schola Grammatica Ecclesiae Anglicanae apud Geelong]]
* [[Transcriptio linguarum Indigenarum Australianarum]]
* [[Universitas Nationalis Australiana]]
* &quot;[[Waltzing Matilda]]&quot;

== Nexus externus ==
{{CommuniaCat|Australia|Australiam}}
{{Oceania}}
{{Consortio Populorum}}
{{Capsae collectae|Australia|politica|{{Primi ministri Australiae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Australiani}}}}
{{Capsae collectae|Australia|geographica|{{Civitates et territoria Australiae}}{{Urbes Oceaniae maximae}}}}
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Australia|!]]
[[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1901]]
[[Categoria:Monarchiae foederales]]
[[Categoria:Monarchiae constitutionales]]</text>
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{{Opus Politica Franciae}}
{{FA stella}}'''Francia'''&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ''Gallia.''&lt;/ref&gt;, seu '''Francogallia'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide vocabulum [https://de.pons.com/%C3%BCbersetzung/latein-deutsch/Francogallia &quot;Francogallia&quot; apud ''Pons Wörterbuch Latein-Deutsch].&lt;/ref&gt;, rite '''Respublica Francica''' ([[Francice]] ''République française''), est [[civitas]] in [[Europa Occidentalis|Europa Occidentali]] sita ac [[civitas sui iuris]], cui adiunguntur aliquot [[Territoria Franciae transmarina|regiones, praefecturae, et territoria transmarina]] in aliis [[continens|continentibus]] et [[oceanus|oceanis]] sita. Quibus territoriis exceptis, [[Francia metropolitana]], maxima ex parte in finibus [[Gallia]]e antiquae sita, a [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mari Mediterraneo]] ad [[Oceanus Britannicus|Oceanum Britannicum]] et [[Mare Germanicum]], et a [[Rhenus|Rheno]] flumine ad [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceanum Atlanticum]] patet, aliquando ''L'Hexagone'' (scilicet '[[hexagonum]]') ob [[geometria|geometricam]] terrae formam in [[tabula geographica|tabulis]] appellata. Finitur ([[modus horologicus|modo horologii]] a parte septentrio-orientali incipiens) a [[Belgica]], [[Luxemburgum|Luxemburgo]], [[Germania]], [[Helvetia]], [[Italia]], [[Monoecus|Monoeco]]; ad [[meridies|meridiem]] ab [[Hispania]] et [[Andorra]]. Ad [[Britannia Maior|Britanniam]] [[insula]]m trans [[Mare Britannicum|Manicam]] (aut denuo sub eandem per [[Cuniculus Freti Gallici|Cuniculum Freti Gallici]]) itur. Francia, civitatum [[Europa]]earum (sine [[Russia]] et [[Ucraina]]) amplissima, est una e [[Unio Europaea#Civitates sociae|rebus publicis Unionis Europaeae]] conditricibus et omnium maxima quod ad [[area (geometria)|aream]] attinet; cuius fines incolunt ad sescenties octogies centena milia [[homo|hominum]]. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] et princeps [[urbs|urbium]] Francicarum est [[Lutetia]].

Francia [[Historia Franciae|nonnulla per saecula]] fuit [[magna potestas]] grave habens pondus [[cultura]]le, [[oeconomia|oeconomicum]], [[militia|militare]], [[civilitas|politicum]] tam in [[Europa]] quam in [[tellus|orbe terrarum]]. Saeculis [[saeculum 17|XVII]] et [[saeculum 18|XVIII]], Francia [[colonia]]s in magnis [[America Septentrionalis|Americae Septentrionalis]] regionibus deducebat; saeculis quidem [[saeculum 19|XIX]] et [[saeculum 20|XX]] ineunte [[Imperium Francicum|imperium]] magnitudine illorum temporum secundum constituit ([[Imperium Britannicum|Britannico]] enim maximo), magnis [[Africa Septentrionalis|Africae Septentrionalis]], [[Africa Occidentalis|Occidentalis]], [[Media Africa|Mediaeque]] et [[Asia Meridio-Orientalis|Asiae Meridio-Orientalis]] partibus et multis [[Insulae Pacificae|insulis Pacificis]] comprehensis.

Haec natio summa optabilia expressa in [[Charta Hominis ac Civis Iurum]] habet. Res publica Francica indivisibilis, [[laicismus|laica]], [[democratia|democratica]] socialisque sua [[constitutio]]ne definitur.&lt;ref&gt;Articulus I Constitutionis Francicaa: ... ''La France est une République indivisible, laïque, démocratique et sociale''.&lt;/ref&gt; Francia est apud [[civitas evoluta|nationes evolutissimas]] in toto orbe terrarum est,&lt;ref&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development] (Anglice).Relatio Progressūs Humani anni 2009. Programma Progressūs Nationum Unitarum. Novi Eboraci. ISBN 978-0-230-23904-3.&lt;/ref&gt; quintam maximam oeconomiam secundum [[Productus domesticus generalis|productum domesticum generalem]] (PDG) nominalem, nonam maximam oeconomiam secundum [[par acquierendi potestas|paritatem pecuniae virium]] et secundam oeconomiam totius Europae possidet.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081004071135/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html Field listing – GDP (official exchange rate) (Anglice), archivatum in Wayback Machine] die 4 Octobris anni 2008. Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA.&lt;/ref&gt; Natio alta [[qualitas victus|qualitate victus]] non minus quam magno frequentationis scholarum publicarum gradu gaudet, praeter habendam unam maximas apud [[exspectatio vitae|exspectationes vitae]] in mundo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110310193910/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf «World Population Prospects – The 2006 Revision»] (PDF) (Anglice). [[Nationes Unitae|NU]]. Inspectum die 27 Aprilis anni 2010. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 10 de março de 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Francia putatur natio optimam salutem publicam in toto orbe terrarum praebens ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|OMS]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/ «World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems»] (Anglice, Arabice, Sinice, Francice, Russice et Hispanice). Relatio OMS. Die 8 Decembris anni 2010. Inspectum die 16 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Etiam est natio invisissima in toto orbe terrarum, accipiens 82 milliones peregrinorum periegetarum quotannis.

Huic nationi est tertia dispensatio oeconomica militaris in toto orbe terrarum,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110725213004/http://milexdata.sipri.org/ «The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) military expenditure database»] (Anglice). Milexdata.sipri.org. Inspectum die 16 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;, tertia maxima vis militaris intra [[Consociatio ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali|Consociationem ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali]] (CFAS) et maximus exercitus intra [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] (UE); praeterea, Francia unum e membris perpetuis quinque [[Consilium securitatis|Consilii securitatis]] est et tertium maximum [[arma nuclearia|armorum nuclearium]] numerum possidet.&lt;ref&gt;[https://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/ «Federation of American Scientists : Status of World Nuclear Forces»] (Anglice). Fas.org. Die 26 Maii anni 2010. Inspectum die 9 Augusti anni 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Haec natio membrum Unionis Europaeae conditorium est et maximam aream et secundam maximam huius consociationis oeconomiam possidet. Quoque est membrum conditorium [[Nationes Unitae|Ordinis Nationum Unitarum]], non minus quam [[Francophonia]]e, [[G8|Gregis Octo Civitatum]], [[G20|Gregis Viginti Civitatum]], [[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis|Ordinis oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]] (OCDE), [[Ordo mercaturae mundanae|Ordinis mercaturae mundanae]] (OMC) et [[Unio Latina|Unionis Latinae]].

== Nomen ==
[[Francia metropolita|Francia hexagonalis]] easdem fere terras habet quibus nomen apud [[Graece|Graecos]] antiquos ''Celtice'' fuit, apud [[Romani antiqui|Romanos]] ''[[Gallia]]'': propter expugnationem [[Franci|Francorum]] plenius interdum ''Francogallia''&lt;ref&gt;Sic [[Ephemeris]].&lt;/ref&gt; (appellatio e nominibus Latinis ''[[Franci]]'' et ''[[Gallia]]'' [[Medium Aevum|tempore mediaevali]] adhibitis composita.&lt;ref&gt;Lugge (1960).&lt;/ref&gt; appellatur, brevius ''Francia''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0304a.html Francia]&quot; in {{Lexfons}}&lt;/ref&gt; secundum nomen vulgare, sed [[antiquitas|historiae antiquae]] causa apud nonnullos hodiernos ''Gallia.''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_20_x-ordinaria-2001/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html Synodus Episcoporum Bollettino].&lt;/ref&gt; Incolae ipsi [[Britonice]] tali modo ''Bro-C'hall'' ('Terra Gallorum') appellant, sed [[Vasconice]] ''Frantzia'', [[Occitanice]] ''França,'' et in [[lingua publica|lingua civitatis]] (iisdem rationibus aut [[Francogallice|Francogallica]] aut Francica sive Gallica nuncupata) ''France'' {{IPA|/ˈfʁɑ̃s/}}. Civitas publicitus et plenius ''La république française'' ('respublica Francica') nuncupatur.

Nomen ''Francia'' [[saeculum 7|saeculo fere septimo]] primum reperitur, quo aevo regionem a flumine [[Liger]]i ad aquilonem conversam designavit ubi [[Franci|Francus]] populus, migratorius [[Germani]]cus, sedem constituerat regnumque condiderat. Finibus huius regni prolatis appellatio regiones plures comprehendit. Linguis vernacularibus iam in carminibus antiquis sub formis ''France'' et ''Fransa'' invenitur, e.g. in ''[[La chanson de Roland|Carmine Rolandi]]'' ''Li empereres Carles de France dulce'' scil. &quot;ille imperator [[Carolus Magnus|Carolus]] Franciae dulcis&quot;&lt;ref&gt;''[[La chanson de Roland]]'' v. 16.&lt;/ref&gt; atque in carmine epico Occitanico ''En doussa Fransa nostres cors sejournier'' ('in dulci Francia corpora nostra reponere').&lt;ref&gt;''[[Rollan a Saragossa]]'' v. 278.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historia ==
{{Vide-etiam|Historia Francogallica}}

===Aetas Praehistorica===
[[Fasciculus:France-Carnac-Alignement_de_Kermario.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Carnac|Saxa erecta Carnacensia]].]]
Antiquissima [[Hominidae|hominidarum]] vestigia ubi in praesenti Francia est originem trahunt propemodum a 1,8 millionibus annorum abhinc.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpentier&quot;&gt;Ioannes (Jean) Carpentier (dir.), Franciscus (François) Lebrun (dir.), Alanus (Alain) Tranoy, Elizabetha (Élisabeth) Carpentier et Ioannes Maria (Jean-Marie) Mayeur cum Iacobi(Jacques) Le Goff praefatione, Histoire de France (Francice), Points Seuil, coll. &quot; Histoire &quot;, Lutetiae, 2000 (I ed. anno 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi homines severo variabilique climate, notato aliquot [[Aevum glaciale|aetatibus glacialibus]], obversari debuerunt. Primae hominidae [[nomades|nomadicam]] [[venatio et collectio|venatorum collectorumque]] vitam agebant.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpentier&quot;&gt;Ioannes (Jean) Carpentier (dir.), Franciscus (François) Lebrun (dir.), Alanus (Alain) Tranoy, Elizabetha (Élisabeth) Carpentier et Ioannes Maria (Jean-Marie) Mayeur cum Iacobi(Jacques) Le Goff praefatione, Histoire de France (Francice), Points Seuil, coll. &quot; Histoire &quot;, Lutetiae, 2000 (I ed. anno 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8.&lt;/ref&gt; Francia magnum [[caverna]]rum ornatarum numerum a [[Palaeolithicum|Palaeolithico]] habet, apud quas, una clarissimarum optimeque servatarum est [[Spelunca Lascaux]] (propemodum ab anno 18 000 a.C.n.).&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpentier&quot;&gt;Ioannes (Jean) Carpentier (dir.), Franciscus (François) Lebrun (dir.), Alanus (Alain) Tranoy, Elizabetha (Élisabeth) Carpentier et Ioannes Maria (Jean-Marie) Mayeur cum Iacobi(Jacques) Le Goff praefatione, Histoire de France (Francice), Points Seuil, coll. &quot; Histoire &quot;, Lutetiae, 2000 (I ed. anno 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8.&lt;/ref&gt;

Exeunte [[Tempus glaciale recentissimum|tempore glaciali recentissimo]] (anno 10 000 a.C.n.), clima lene factum est.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpentier&quot;&gt;Ioannes (Jean) Carpentier (dir.), Franciscus (François) Lebrun (dir.), Alanus (Alain) Tranoy, Elizabetha (Élisabeth) Carpentier et Ioannes Maria (Jean-Marie) Mayeur cum Iacobi(Jacques) Le Goff praefatione, Histoire de France (Francice), Points Seuil, coll. &quot; Histoire,&quot; Lutetiae, 2000 (I ed. anno 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8.&lt;/ref&gt; Circa annum 7000 a.C.n., haec [[Europa Occidentalis|Europae Occidentalis]] pars [[Neolithicum]] inivit et eius incolae sedentarii facti sunt, ingentem post progressum demographicum agriculturalemque inter [[Millennium 4 a.C.n.|IV]] et [[Millennium 3 a.C.n.|III millennium a.C.n.]]. [[Metallurgia]] apparuit exeunte III millenio a.C.n., initio cum operibus [[aurum|aureis]], [[cuprum|cupreis]], [[Aes (mixtura)|aëneis]] et serius [[ferrum|ferreis]].&lt;ref&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 20–24.&lt;/ref&gt; Franciae innumeri situs [[megalithus|megalithici]] a Neolithico aevo, apud quos est exceptionaliter spissus situs [[Carnac|Saxorum erectorum Carnacensium]] circa annum 3 300 a.C.n.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717103117/http://menhirs.tripod.com/intro.html «Megaliths of Carnac: Introduction»] (Anglice). menhirs.tripod.com. Inspectum die 7 Ianuarii anni 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Antiquitas===
{{Vide-etiam|Celtae|Gallia|Gallia Narbonensis}}
[[Fasciculus:Lionel Royer - Vercingetorix Throwing down His Weapons at the feet of Julius Caesar.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Vercingetorix]] [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Iulio Caesari]] se dedit per [[Bellum Gallicum]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Maison Carree in Nimes (16).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|[[Maison Carrée|Domus Quadrata]] (Francice ''Maison Carrée'' et Occitanice ''Ostau Cairat''), templum Gallo-Romanae urbis [[Nemausus|Nemausi]] (Francice ''Nîmes'' et Occitanice ''Nimes'') et unum optime conservatorum vestigiorum [[Romani antiqui|Romanorum]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Arles-arenes.jpg|210px|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Interiora [[Amphitheatrum|amphitheatri Romani]] urbis [[Arelate|Arelatis]], in praefectura [[Ostia Rhodani|Ostiis Rhodani]] (Francice ''Bouches-du-Rhône'' et Occitanice ''Bocas de Ròse'').]]
Anno [[600 a.C.n.]], [[Graeci]] [[Iones]], e [[Phocaea]] oriundi, [[colonia]]m [[Massilia]]m ([[Francice]] ''Marseille'', [[Occitanice]] ''Marselha'', [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graece]] Μασσαλία) iuxta [[Mare Mediterraneum|Maris Mediterranei]] litus condiderunt, quod eam antiquissimam urbem in Francia facit.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://books.google.es/books?id=n1TmVvMwmo4C&amp;pg=RA1-PA754&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false The Cambridge ancient history] (Anglice). [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. 2000. p. 754. ISBN 978-0-521-08691-2. Inspectum die 23 Ianuarii anni 2011.''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Claudius (Claude) Orrieux (1999). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=b8cA8hymTw8C&amp;pg=PA62&amp;redir_esc=y A history of ancient Greece]''. [S.l.]: John Wiley &amp; Sons. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-631-20309-4. Inspectum 23 Ianuarii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Simul, aliquae tribus [[Celtae]] [[Galli]] praesentis Franciae territorii partes pervaserunt et haec occupatio reliquam in Franciam inter [[saeculum IV a.C.n.|saecula IV]] et [[saeculum III a.C.n.|III a.C.n.]] se expandit.&lt;ref&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Circa annum [[125 a.C.n.]], [[Gallia]]e meridies a [[Res Publica Romana|Re publica Romana]] capta est, quae hanc regionem [[Gallia Narbonensis|Provinciam Nostram]] nominavit, unde per tempora ortum est toponymum [[Comitatus Provinciae|Provincia]] (Francice ''Provence'', Occitanice ''Provença'' seu ''Prouvènço'').&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.es/books?id=ZEIEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA77&amp;redir_esc=y&amp;hl=es#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false «Provence in Stone»]. ''Life''. Die 13 Iulii anni 1953. p. 77.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Iulius Caesar]] reliquam Galliam cepit et prinicpis Galli [[Vercingetorix|Vercingetorigis]] rebellionem anno [[52 a.C.n.]] sedavit.&lt;ref&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 44–45.&lt;/ref&gt; Gallia in aliquot [[Index provinciarum Romanarum Imperii|provincias Romanas]] ab [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusto]] divisa est.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpentier 53&quot;&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 53–55.&lt;/ref&gt;

Plurimae urbes conditae sunt Gallo-Romanam per periodum, apud quas est [[Lugdunum]] (Francice ''Lyon'' et [[lingua Arpitanica|Arpitanice]] ''Liyon''), putatum Gallorum caput.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpentier 53&quot;&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 53–55.&lt;/ref&gt; Hae urbes traditionali modo Romano constructae sunt; cum [[forum|foro]], [[theatrum|theatro]], [[circus|circo]], [[Amphitheatrum|amphitheatro]] et [[Thermae Romanae|balneis thermalibus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpentier 53&quot;&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 53–55.&lt;/ref&gt;

Galli Romanis cum colonis se miscuerunt et Romanas culturam linguamque ([[Lingua Latina|linguam latinam]], e qua [[lingua Francica]] progressa est) denique adoptaverunt. [[Religio Romana|Polytheismus Romanus]] cum [[Religio Celtica|Paganismo Gallico]] confusus est in eodem [[syncretismus|syncretismi]] processu.&lt;ref&gt;Woolf, G. (1998). ''Becoming Roman: the origins of provincial civilization in Gaul'' (Anglice). Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/ref&gt; Ex [[anni 250|annis 250]] usque ad [[anni 280|annos 280]], Gallia Romana magnam crisin passa est, eius limites munitionibus instructos incursantibus [[barbarus|barbaris]] pluriens.&lt;ref&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 76–77&lt;/ref&gt; Nihilominus, status melioravit primo [[saeculum 4|saeculi IV]] dimidio, ubi fuit periodus revivificationis prosperitatisque Galliae Romanae.&lt;ref&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 79–82&lt;/ref&gt;

Anno [[312]], [[Index Imperatorum Romanorum|imperator]] [[Constantinus I|Constantinus]] ad [[Religio Christiana|Christianismum]] se convertit. Postea, christiani, qui usque ad illud tempus exagitati erant, cito creverunt totum per [[Imperium Romanum]].&lt;ref&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, p. 81.&lt;/ref&gt; Sed, ex ineunte [[saeculum 5|saeculo V]], [[Migrationes Europaeae populorum et gentium|invasiones barbaricae]] denuo rediverunt&lt;ref&gt;Carpentier et al. 2000, p. 84.&lt;/ref&gt; et tribus barbaricae, sicuti [[Vandali]], [[Suebi]] et [[Alani]], [[Rhenus|flumen Rhenum]] transiverunt et constiterunt in Gallia, [[Hispania]] et in aliis [[Occasus Imperii Romani Occidentalis|Imperii Romani Occidentalis occidentis]] partibus.&lt;ref&gt; Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 84–88.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Medium aevum===
{{Vide-etiam|Regnum Francorum|Carolingorum stirps|Stirps Capetiana|Gens Burbonia|Reges Franciae}}
[[Fasciculus:Franks expansion.gif|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Franci|Francorum]] expansio inter annos 481 et 843/870.]]
[[Antiquitas posterior|Exeunte Antiquitatis periodo]], antiqua [[Gallia]] in aliquot [[Germani (antiquitas)|Germanica]] reina et reliquum Gallo-Romanum territorium, [[Regnum Syagrii]] nuncupatum, divisa erat. Simul, [[Celtae]] [[Britanni]], cum ab [[Anglosaxones|Anglosaxonicā]] [[Britannia Maior|Britanniae Maioris]] invasione fugissent, in occidentali [[Armorica]]e parte consederunt. Sic, paeninsula Armorica [[Britannia Minor]] denuo nominata est, Celtica cultura revivificata est et aliquot parva regna independentia orta sunt hac in regione. [[Franci]] [[paganismus|pagani]], a quibus nomen &quot;Francia&quot; derivatum est, initio in septentrionali Galliae parte consederunt; sed, [[Chlodovechus I (rex Francorum)|Chlodovecho]] rege, pleraque alia regna septentrionalis mediaeque regionis ceperunt. Anno [[498]], Chlodovechus primus Germanicus expugnator factus est post [[Occasus Imperii Romani Occidentalis|Occasum Imperii Romani]] qui ad [[Christianismus|Christianismum]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholicum]] se convertit, magis quam ad [[Arianismus|Arianismum]]; itaque, Francia titulum &quot;filiae antiquissimae Ecclesiae&quot; (Francice ''la fille aînée de l'Église'') a [[papa|papatu]] accepit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112834/http://www.wf-f.org/03-1-France.html «Faith of the Eldest Daughter – Can France retain her Catholic heritage?»] (Anglice). ''Wf-f.org''. Inspectum die 17 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Franci culturam Gallo-Romanam Christianam susceperunt et denique antiqua Gallia rursus nominata est Francia, scilicet &quot;Terra Francorum&quot;. Franci Germanici [[Linguae Romanicae|linguas Romanicas]] adoptaverunt, praeter Galliae septentrionem, ubi Romanae coloniae minus densae erant et ubi ortae sunt [[linguae Germanicae]]. [[Chlodovechus I (rex Francorum)|Chlodovechus]] [[Lutetia]]m suum [[caput (urbs)|caput]] fecit et [[dynastia Merovingica|dynastiam Merovingicam]] stabilivit, sed regnum non eius morti superesset. Franci terram simpliciter sicut privatam possessionem tractabant et eam inter heredes dividebant; tunc quattuor regna orta sunt, [[Chlodovechus I (rex Francorum)|Chlodovecho]] mortuo: [[Lutetia]], [[Aurelianum]], [[Augusta Suessionum]] et [[Durocortorum]]. [[Reges Franciae|Ultimi reges Merovingi]] potestatem suis pro [[maior domus|maioribus domis]] perdiderunt. Quorum unus, [[Carolus Martellus]], invasionem [[Islam]]icam Galliae in [[Pictavium|Proelio Pictaviensi]] (anno [[732]]) vicit et respectum potestatemque intra Regna Franca adeptus est. Eius filius, [[Pippinus III (maior domus)|Pippinus Iunior]], Franciae coronam occupavit, debilitatis [[Merovingi]]s et [[Carolingorum stirps|dynastiam Carolingicam]] stabilivit. Pippini filius, [[Carolus Magnus]], qui [[Saxonia (discretiva)|Saxoniam]], [[Bavaria]]m atque septentrionales partes [[Italia]]e subiecit, Regna Franca conglutinavit et vastum imperium in tota Europa occidentali mediaque construxit.&lt;ref&gt;Bradbury, Jim (2 Augusti anni 2004). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=3FRsBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA19&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare]'' (Anglice). [S.l.]: Routledge. pag. 19–. ISBN 978-1-134-59847-2.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Aachen Domschatz Bueste1.jpg|thumb|left|Effigies [[Carolus Magnus|Caroli Magni]], primi [[Imperator Romanus Sacer|Imperatoris Francorum]], exposita in [[Cathedralis|Cathedrali]] [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgranensi]], in [[Germania]].]]
[[Carolus Magnus]] [[Romanorum Imperator|Imperator]] a [[Leo III|Papa Leone III]] appellatus est et, sic, antiquam historicam coniunctionem inter gubernium Francicum et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] denuo stabilivit.&lt;ref&gt; «[https://web.archive.org/web/20110206213909/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france France]» (Anglice). Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Inspectum die 14 Decembris anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Qui [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale]] et eius culturalem magnitudinem revivificare conatus est. Caroli Magni filius, [[Ludovicus I Pius (imperator)|Ludovicus I Pius]], imperans inter annos 814 et 840, imperium consociatum servavit; nihilominus, Imperium Carolingicum eius morti non superesset. Anno [[843]], secundum [[Foedus Virodunense]] (Francice ''Traité de Verdun''), imperium inter tres Ludovici filios divisum est: [[Regnum Francorum orientalium|Francia Orientalis]] cum [[Ludovicus (rex Francorum orientalium)|Ludovico Germanico]] mansit; [[Francia Media]] penes [[Lotharius I (imperator)|Lotharium I]] evenit, dum [[Francia Occidentalis]] penes [[Carolus II (imperator)|Carolum II Calvum]] evenit. Francia Occidentalis fere totam praesentis Franciae aream occupabat et eius praecursoria natio est.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716063456/http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/treaty-of-verdun.htm «Treaty of Verdun»] (Anglice). History.howstuffworks.com. Die 27 Februarii anni 2008. Inspectum 17 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Carolingorum stirps|Dynastia Carolingica]] Franciam usque ad annum [[987]] regnavit, cum [[Hugo Capetius]], Dux Franciae et Comes Lutetiae, [[Reges Franciae|Rex Francorum]] coronatus est.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1008&amp;HistoryID=ab03&amp;gtrack=pthc «History of France – The Capetian kings of France: AD 987–1328»] (Anglice). Historyworld.net. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Cuius posteri —[[Stirps Capetiana|Capetii]], [[Gens Valesia]] et [[Gens Burbonia]]— progressive nationem adunavit per bella et dynasticam hereditatem in Regnum Franciae, quod omnino declaratum est anno [[1190]] a [[Philippus II (rex Francorum)|Philippo II]]. Francica nobilitas prominens munus obivit plerisque [[Expeditio sacra|Cruciatis]], ut Christianus accessus ad [[Terra Sancta|Terram Sanctam]] restitueretur. Francici [[Expeditio sacra|milites crucesignati]] maxima pars continuae auxiliorum copiae per annorum 200 periodon Cruciatarum sic constituebant ut [[Arabes]] uniformiter milites crucesignatos فرنج (pronuntiatur ''franĝ'') nuncuparent, quamquam illorum parvum interest si crucesignati venirent e Francia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nadeau&quot;&gt;Ioannes Benedictus (Jean-Benoit Nadeau); Iulia (Julie) Barlow (die 8 Ianuarii anni 2008). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=JYDOrzMpgGcC&amp;pg=PT34&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false The Story of French]'' (Anglice). [S.l.]: St. Martin's Press. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-1-4299-3240-0. Inspectum pridie Idus Martias anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Francici milites cruciferi [[lingua Francica|linguam Francicam]] in [[Levans|Levantem]] etiam importaverunt, quae [[Civitates Crucesignatae|Civitatum Crucesignatarum]] [[lingua franca]] facta est.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nadeau&quot;/&gt; Francici equites maximam copiam etiam constituebant in ordinibus [[Ordo Hospitalis|Hospitalariorum]] et [[Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici|Templariorum]]. Qui ultimi, praesertim, aliquot proprietates tota in Francia possidebant et, [[saeculum 13|saeculo XIII]], erant praecipui argentarii Coronae Francicae donec [[Philippus IV (rex Francorum)|Philippus IV Franciae]] hunc ordinem anno 1307 abolevit. [[Expeditio sacra in Albigenses]] anno 1209 effecta est, ut [[cathari|catharos]], [[Haeresis|haeretici]] putati, ex austroccidentali praesentis Franciae regione de medio tollerentur. Denique, cathari exterminati sunt et liber [[Comitatus Tolosanus]] (Francice ''Comté de Toulouse'' et Occitanice ''Comtat de Tolosa'') ad Coronae Francicae terras annexus est.&lt;ref&gt;«Massacre of the Pure». ''[[Time]]''. [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]. Die 28 Aprilis anni 1961.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Lenepveu, Jeanne d'Arc au siège d'Orléans.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Ioanna Arcensis]] in Proelio [[Aurelianum|Aurelianensi]].]]
[[Carolus IV (rex Franciae)|Carolus IV]] mortuus est sine herede anno [[1328]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Guerard&quot;&gt;Albertus (Albert) Guerard, ''France: A Modern History'' (Anglice) (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1959) pag. 100, 101.&lt;/ref&gt; Secundum [[Lex Salica|Legem Salicam]], corona Francica feminae transmitti nequiebat nec stirps regia femineam per stirpem transmitti nequiret.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guerard&quot;&gt;Albertus (Albert) Guerard, ''France: A Modern History'' (Anglice) (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1959) pag. 100, 101.&lt;/ref&gt; Eapropter, corona [[Philippus VI (rex Francorum)|Philippo VI Valesio]], Caroli IV [[cosinus (familia)|cosino]], transmissa est nec femineam per stirpem Caroli IV nepto&lt;ref&gt;Neptus, Filius fratris, in Actis S. Rudesindi Episcopi tom. 1. Martii pag. 105. Apud [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220225709/http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/NEPOS ''Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis]'', Du Cange et alii.&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Eduardus III (rex Angliae)|Eduardo]], qui postea [[Eduardus III (rex Angliae)|Eduardus III Angliae]] fieret. Philippo VI rege, monarchia Francica maximum potestatis mediaevalis attigit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guerard&quot;&gt;Albertus (Albert) Guerard, ''France: A Modern History'' (Anglice) (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1959) pag. 100, 101.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sed [[Eduardus III (rex Angliae)|Eduardus III]], contra Legem Salicam, sibi iure successionis imperium Franciae esse postulavit, quare [[Bellum Centum Annorum]]&lt;ref&gt;Don O'Reilly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061109043743/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/military_history/3031536.html &quot;Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans&quot;] (Anglice). ''TheHistoryNet.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; ortum est inter [[Anglia]]m et Franciam anno 1337, pridie primae undae [[Mors atra|Mortis atrae]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090829034202/http://encarta.msn.com/text_761568934___117/France.html «France VII»] (Anglice). ''Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009''. Webcitation.org.&lt;/ref&gt; et duravit usque ad annum 1453. Exacti limites multum per tempora mutaverunt, sed regum Anglorum Francicae proprietates extensae manserunt per decennia. Charismaticis cum principibus, sicuti [[Ioanna Arcensis|Ioanna Arcensi]] et [[La Hire]], potentes redintegrationes pugnae Francicae continentalia Anglorum territoria ceperunt. Ut reliqua Europa, Francia Morte atra valde percussa est; dimidium numeri incolarum Franciae mortuum est hoc in periodo.&lt;ref&gt; Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1987). [https://books.google.es/books?id=VT9rIMQFt2MC&amp;pg=PA32&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''&quot;The French peasantry, 1450–1660&quot;''] (Anglice). University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-520-05523-3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Petrus (Peter) Turchin (2003). ''[Historical dynamics: why states rise and fall]'' (Anglice). Princeton University Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-691-11669-5.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gens Valesia]] (1328–1589), incursionibus [[Ducatus Burgundiae]] iuvantibus, [[Helvetii]]s feliciter propulsavit. Ea de causa postea crebrae querelae inter Franciam et [[Hispania]]m [[Domus Habsburgensis|Habsburgensem]] ortae sunt.

===Aevum modernum===
[[Fasciculus:Debat-Ponsan-matin-Louvre.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|[[Catharina Medicaea]] [[Protestantes|Protestantium]] cadavera observat post [[Caedes Sancti Bartholomei|Caedem Sancti Bartholomei]], anno 1572, [[Bella religionis (Francia)|Bellorum religionis]] culmen in Francia. Francica pictura anni 1880.]]
Francicum [[Renascentia litterarum|Renascentia]] magnificum progressum culturalem et primam [[lingua Francica|linguae Francicae]] [[normalizatio]]nem praebuit, quae [[lingua publica]] Franciae et lingua [[aristocratia]]e Europaeae fieret. Etiam exarserunt plurimi conflictus militares, [[Bella Italica]] nominati, inter Regnum Franciae et potens [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium]]. Francici exploratores, sicuti [[Iacobus Quarterius]] aut [[Samuel Camplenius]], Franciae terras in [[America]] vindicaverunt, quod futuram [[Primum Imperium coloniale Francicum|Primi imperii colonialis Francici]] (Francice ''Premier empire colonial français'') expansionem paravit. [[Protestantes|Protestantium]] [[Reformatio|surrectio]] in Europa Franciam in [[bellum civile]], [[Bella religionis (Francia)|Bella religionis]] nuncupatum, induxit, quorum notissimus casus fuit [[Caedes Sancti Bartholomei]] (Francice ''Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy'') anno 1572, ubi milia [[Hugenoti|Hugenotorum]] necati sunt.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/event/Massacre-of-Saint-Bartholomews-Day «Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day»] (Anglice). Britannica.com. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Edictum Namnetense|Edicto Namnetense]] Protestantibus videlicet asseclis Ioanni Calvini et Hugenotis tolerantiam promissa est, quare status rerum internarum iterum quietus est. 

[[Ludovicus XIII|Ludovico XIII]] regnante, animosus [[Armandus Ioannes Plessaeus Richelaeus|cardinalis Richeliaeus]] Civitatis centralizationi favit et regalem potestatem corroboravit, cum domesticam potestatem in decennio 1620 tenentes dearmaret. Hic [[Castellum mediaevale|castella]] dominorum qui centralem potestatem provocaverant systematice ruit et privatae violentiae usum ([[duellum|duella]], armorum portationem et privati exercitus possessionem) declamavit. Exeunte anno [[1620]], Richeliaeus &quot;regium vis monopolium&quot; velut doctrinam stabilivit.&lt;ref&gt;Tilly, Carolus (Charles) (1985). &quot;War making and state making as organized crime&quot; (Anglice) in Bringing the State Back In, ed. P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, &amp; T. Skocpol. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1985. p. 174.&lt;/ref&gt; Sic, dum cardinalis [[Armandus Ioannes Plessaeus Richelaeus|Richelaeus]] (1624–42) et suus successor [[Iulius Mazarinus|Mazarinus]] (1642–1661) rebus moderabantur, potestas regiminis centralis aucta est. [[Bellum tricennale|Bello tricennale]] (1618–1648) facto Francogallia iterum supremam dominationem militarem atque culturalem nacta est. 
[[Fasciculus:Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ludovicus XIV]], &quot;Rex Solis&quot;, Franciae [[Monarchia absoluta|monarcha absolutus]] fuit et nationem praecipuam potentiam Europeam fecit.]]

Monarchia suum culmen saeculum XVII attigit. Sic [[Ludovicus XIV]] (1661–1715) studio [[Absolutismus|Absolutismi]] adipiscendi maxime progressit atque successit, cum potentes [[feudalismus|dominos feudales]] in [[Castellum Versaliense|Castelli Versaliensis]] [[aulicus|aulicos]] transformaret. Eo regnante fines Francogalliae incommodo nationum adiacentium fortiter propagatae sunt et fecit Franciam praecipuam Europaeam potentiam; quare Francogalli inimicitias [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regni]] meruerunt; in quod cum confligendo opes regni magis magisque fatigatae sunt; imprimis [[Bellum de successione Hispanica|Belli de successione Hispanica]] inter annos [[1701]] et [[1713]] gesti causa. Sed, natio populosissima in Europa facta est et ingens pondus in continentis civilitate, oeconomia et cultura habuit. [[Lingua Francica]] maioris usus lingua facta est [[diplomatia]]e, [[scientia]]e, [[litterae|litteris]] et [[relationes internationales|relationibus internationalibus]] et hoc modo usque ad saeculum XX mansit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230406202845/http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/%7C%C2%ABLanguage and Diplomacy»]. Nakedtranslations.com. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ludovicus XV|Ludovico XV]], [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovici XIV]] [[pronepos|pronepote]], regnante; Francia [[Nova Francia|Novam Franciam]] et maiorem [[India Francica|Indiae Francicae]] partem amisit post cladem in [[Bellum Septem Annorum|Bello Septem Annorum]], anno 1763 confecto. Nihilominus, Europaeum eius territorium crescere perrexit, insignibus cum adeptionibus, sicuti [[Lotharingia (regio Franciae recentior)|Lotharingia]] (1766) et [[Corsica]] (1770). Debile impopulareque Ludovici XV gubernium, ob suas pecuniarias, politicas et militares decretiones male excogitatas —non minus quam ob suae domi regiae prodigentiam— monarchiam infamavit, quamobrem indubitabiliter patuerunt [[Res novae Francicae]], quae annos quindecim mortuum post regem acciderent.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/louis_xv.shtml «BBC History: Louis XV (1710–1774)»] (Anglice). [[BBC]]. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/cdhjones/documents/gn_pdf.pdf «Scholarly bibliography by Colin Jones (2002)»] (PDF) (Anglice). Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Res novae Francicae===
{{Vide-etiam|Res novae Francicae}}
Pecuniaria ob problemata, rex [[Ludovicus XVI]] [[Ordines generales]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://neolatinlexicon.org/silva-old/ neolatinlexicon.org], ubi dicitur &quot;legislature: Estates-General (as in early modern Holland or France) / ordines (v. potestates) generales (Milton)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''États généraux'') convocavit, congregatis tribus [[stamentum|regni stamentis]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''[Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae Latinitatis]'' in interrete, ubi dicitur &quot;STAMENTUM, Ordo, Gall. Etat, Hisp. Estamento. Constitut. Eccl. Valent. inter Concil. Hispan. tom. 4. pag. 188&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; Maio anni 1789, ut proponerentur solutiones gubernio. Desperatam per rem, [[Ordo tertius|Ordinis tertii]] (Francice ''Tiers état'') legati [[Conventus civitatis Francicae|Conventum nationalem]] (Francice ''Assemblée nationale'') constituerunt, quod [[Res novae Francicae|Rerum novarum Francicarum]] ortum indicat. [[Agricola (munus)|Agricolae]] operariique itaque gradatim ad egestatem redacti sunt, simul cives urbani [[libertas|libertatem]] rerum suarum libere gerendarum expetiverunt quasi postulaverunt. Incursus in [[Bastilia|Bastiliam]] die [[14 Iulii]] [[1789]] factus tamquam impulsus initiale fuit [[Res novae Francicae|rerum novarum Francicarum]] exarsarum interitique monarchiae Francogallicae. Ineunte Augusto 1789, [[Conventus nationalis constituens]] nobilitatis privilegia abolivit,&lt;ref&gt;Robinson, Iacobus (James) Harvey (1906). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Yl4AAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=J.H.+Robinson+(1906).+Readings+in+European+History&amp;pg=PA435&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=August%20Decrees&amp;f=false Readings in European History]'' (Anglice). Bostoniae: Ginn. pp. 435ff. OCLC 870461. Inspectum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; sicuti personalem servitutem et exclusiva venationis iura. Per[[ Declaratio iurum hominis| Declarationem iurum hominis]] (Francice ''Déclaration des droits de l'homme''), die 27 Augusti anni 1789, Francia iura fundamentalia hominibus stabilivit. Declaratio naturalia libertatem, proprietatem, securitatem et impedimentum contra oppressionem inexstinguibiliaque hominis iura aestimat. [[Libertas exprimendi]] et [[Libertas imprimendi|imprimendi]] declarata est et arbitrariae custodiae prohibitae sunt. Etiam aristocraticorum privilegiorum destructionem sollicitavit et libertatem et iurum aequalitatem omnibus hominibus non minus quam accessum ad publica munera secudum ingenium et haud secundum nativitatem nuntiavit.&lt;ref&gt;Fremont-Barnes, Gregorius (Gregory) (2007). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=6_2wkP4j-EsC&amp;pg=PA190&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760-1815]'' (Anglice). [S.l.]: Greenwood. p. 190. Inspectum pridie Idus Martias anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Imago:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|left|[[Expugnatio Bastiliae|Expugnatio]] carceris [[Bastilia|Bastiliae]] anno 1789, unus praecipuorum eventuum in [[Res novae Francica|Rebus novis Francicis]].]]
Novembre anni [[1789]], [[Conventus civitatis Francicae|Conventus]] omnia [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] bona publicare vendereque decrevit, quae erat maximus proprietarius in natione erat. Iulio anni [[1790]], [[Constitutio civilis cleri]] (Francice ''Constitution civile du clergé'') Ecclesiam Catholicam Francicam denuo ordinavit, tollenda Ecclesiae auctoritate recipendorum tributorum alias inter res.&lt;ref&gt;D., Popkin, Ieremias (Jeremy) (Kalendis Ianuarii anni 2010). ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/short-history-of-the-french-revolution/oclc/780111354A short history of the French Revolution]'' (Anglice). [S.l.]: Pearson Education. ISBN 0205693571. OCLC 780111354&lt;/ref&gt; Quae res magnam indignationem in Franciae partibus causaverunt, quod ad bellum civile finem annos postea habiturum induceret. Quamquam rex [[Ludovicus XVI]] adhuc satis favoris populi habebat, calamitosa eius [[fuga in Varennas]] (Iunio anni [[1791]]) rumores ut is suas politicae salutis spes in peregrinae invasionis ambitu firmaret probare videtur. Quamobrem, eius fides sic labefacta est, ut [[monarchia]] dissoluta et instituta [[res publica]] sensu stricto crescens possibilitas facta sint.&lt;ref&gt;Thompson, Iacobus Matthaeus (James Matthew) (1943), [https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003745/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/7400914 The French Revolution] (Francice), Oxoniae.&lt;/ref&gt;

Die [[10 Augusti]] anni [[1792]], irata turba regiam regis [[Ludovicus XVI|Ludovici XVI]] periclitata est, qui ad [[Conventus nationalis legislativus|Conventum legislativum]] (Francice ''Assemblée législative'') confugit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shusterman&quot;&gt;Noë (Noah) Shusterman – ''De Franse Revolutie'' (Batavice). Veen Media, Amstelodami, anno 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Censer, Iacobus (Jack) R. et Hunt, Lynna (Lynn). ''Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution'' (Anglice). in Consaepto Universitatis, in Pennsilvaniā: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Borussia|Borussus]] exercitus in Franciam Augusto anni [[1792]] invasit. Ineunte Septembre, [[Lutetia|Parisienses]], propter [[Virodunum]] a Borusso exercitu occupatum et propter contrarevolutionarios motus Septentrionali in Francia irati, inter 1000 et 1500 captorum interfecerunt cum impetum facerent Parisienses in carceres. [[Conventus nationalis legislativus|Conventus]] et [[Commune Parisiorum (Res novae Francicae)|concilium urbis]] [[Lutetia]]e inepta continendo huic sanguinis effusioni videbantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shusterman&quot;&gt;Noë (Noah) Shusterman – ''De Franse Revolutie'' (Batavice). Veen Media, Amstelodami, anno 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Doyle, Gulielmus (William). ''The Oxford History of The French Revolution''. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 1989. pag. 191–192.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Conventio nationalis (Res novae Francicae)|Conventio nationalis]] (Francice ''Convention nationale''), primis comitiis per [[suffragium universale]] masculinum&lt;ref name=&quot;Shusterman&quot;&gt;Noë (Noah) Shusterman – ''De Franse Revolutie'' (Batavice). Veen Media, Amstelodami, anno 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; die [[20 Septembris]] anni [[1792]] electa, Conventui legislativo successit et, die [[21 Septembris]], monarchiam abolevit, declaranda [[Prima res publica (Francia)|Prima re publica Francica]]. Quondam rex, Ludovicus XVI, de perduellione damnatus est et guillotiniana machina Ianuario anni 1793 necatus est. Francia [[Anglia]]e atque [[Res Publica Coniunctarum Provinciarum|Rei Publicae Batavae]] Novembre anni 1792 et [[Hispania]]e Martio anni 1793 bellum decrevit; vere anni 1793, [[Austria]], [[Britanniarum regnum]] et Res publica Batava in Franciam invaserunt; Francia &quot;rem publicam sororem&quot; in &quot;[[Res publica Moguntina|Re publica Moguntina]]&quot; ([[Theodisce]] ''Mainzer Republik'') creavit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040444/http://www.landeshauptarchiv.de/index.php?id=408 «Der 18. März 1793. Der Rheinisch-deutsche Nationalkonvent in Mainz»]. Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. Die [[18 Martii]] anni 2003. Inspectum die [[6 Aprilis]] anni 2012 (Theodisce).&lt;/ref&gt;

===Napoleo et saeculum XIX===
{{Vide-etiam|Primum Imperium Francicum}}
[[Fasciculus:Napoleon_in_1806.PNG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo Bonapars]] et suus [[Magnus Exercitus]] (Francice ''Grande Armée'').]]
[[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo]] die [[9 Novembris]] [[1799]] omnium rerum in Re publica potitus est, cum Primus consul et deinde Imperator [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Primi Imperii Francici]] (inter annos 1804 et 1814/1815) factus esset. Secutis bellis ab Europaeis monarchiis contra Rem publicam gestis, Europaeorum foederum iuncturae bellum Imperio Napoleonico declaraverunt. Francici exercitus, attamen, pleramque Europam continentalem celeribus victoriis subegerunt, sicuti in proeliis [[Proelium Ienense|Ienensi]] aut in [[Pugna apud Slaucoviam|apud Slaucoviam]]. Familiae Bonapartis membra aliquibus regnis nuper ortis monarchas nominata sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blanning&quot;&gt;Blanning, Timotheus (Tim) (Aprile anni 1998). «Napoleon and German identity» (Anglice). ''History Today''. '''48'''. Londinii.&lt;/ref&gt; Istae victoriae ut maxima optabilia et res novae revolutionariae —talis [[mensura metrica]], Codex Napoleonicus et [[Charta Hominis ac Civis Iurum|Charta hominis ac civis iurum]]— per totum orbem terrarum expansa essent induxerunt. Post calamitosam [[Bellum Patrium|Expeditionem Russicam]] et Europaearum monarchiarum impetum contra Francicum gubernium, Napoleo victus est et [[Gens Burbonia|monarchia Burbonica]] [[Restauratio (Francia)|restaurata est]]. Propemodum millio Francicorum per Bella Napoleonica interfecti sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blanning&quot;&gt;Blanning, Timotheus (Tim) (Aprile anni 1998). «Napoleon and German identity» (Anglice). ''History Today''. '''48'''. Londinii.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Franciscus (Frank) W. Thackeray (1996). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=W0ktX_xI1fYC&amp;pg=PA6&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Events that Changed the World in the Nineteenth Century]'' (Anglice). [S.l.: s.n.] p. 6. ISBN 9780313290763. Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Centum Napoleonis dies|Brevem post domitionem ex exsilio]], Napoleo denique victus est die [[18 Iunii]] [[1815]] in [[Proelium Waterlooense|Proelio Waterlooënsi]]. Quo anno, in Europa in [[Consilium Vindobonense|Consilio Vindobonense]] ordo gentium ac populorum restitutus est. Verum monarchia Francica reimposita est. [[Ludovicus XVIII]] [[Gens Burbonia|Burbonicus]] rex Franciae creatus est, constitutionalibus cum limitationibus. Eruptis tumultis [[Res novae Iuliae (1830)|Rerum novarum mensis Iulii]] anni [[1830]], [[Gens Burbonia]] demum potestate amota est, quod [[Monarchia Iulii|Monarchiam Iulii]] peperit, quae duravit usque ad [[1848]], cum [[Secunda res Publica Francica]] proclamata est, in ambitu [[Res novae anni 1848|Rerum novarum anni 1848]]. Servitudinis et [[suffragii universalis]] masculini abolitio, promulgata breviter per Res novas Francicas, denuo promulgata est anno 1848.&lt;ref&gt;[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] (ed.). [https://www.britannica.com/place/France/The-Napoleonic-era «The Napoleonic Era»] (Anglice). Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Imperium coloniale Francicum.png|thumb|left|400px|Anachronica tabula territoriorum quae aliquando Imperii colonialis Francici pars fuerunt.]]
Anno [[1852]], [[Index praesidum rei publicae Francicae|praeses Rei publicae Francicae]] [[Napoleo III (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo III Bonaparte]], [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleonis I]] adelphideos&lt;ref&gt;Confer vocabulum Graecum ἀδελφιδέος apud [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=a%29delfide%2Fos&amp;la=greek&amp;can=a%29delfide%2Fos0&amp;d=Perseus:text:1999.04.0058:entry=a)delfide/os&amp;i=1 Perseus].&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Secundum Imperium Francicum|Secundi Imperii Francici]] imperator Napoleo III proclamatus est. Qui interventus peregre multiplicavit, praesertim in [[Bellum Crimaeanum|Crimaea]], in [[Secunda Interventio Francica in Mexico|Mexico]] et in [[Bellum alterum de libertate Italiae|Italia]], quod induxit in [[Ducatus Sabaudiae|Ducatum Sabaudiae]] et [[Comitatus Nicaeensis|Comitatum Nicaeënsem]]—tunc [[Regnum Sardiniae|Regni Sardiniae]] partem— ad Franciam adiunctos. Napoleo III amotus est post cladem in [[Bellum Germano-Francicum|Bello Germano-Francico]] anno [[1870]] et eius regimen substitutum est pro [[Tertia Res Publica (Francia)|Tertia Re Publica]].&lt;ref&gt; [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] (ed.). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-III-emperor-of-France «Napoleon III»] (Anglice). Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018,&lt;/ref&gt;

Eo fere tempore, in [[Europa]] duae factiones contrariae ortae sunt: ad unam partem, [[Foedus triplex]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Dreibund'', [[Hungarice]] ''Hármas szövetség'' et [[Italice]] ''Triplice alleanza'') —anno [[1879]] [[imperium Germanicum]] atque [[imperium Austro-Hungaricum]] se foedere iunxerunt; mense Maio 1882 [[Italia]] quoque pars eius facta est)—; ad alteram partem, [[Confoederatio triplex]] ([[Francice]] ''Triple-Entente'', [[Anglice]] ''Triple Entente'' et [[Russice]] Тройственная Антанта) —quae ex Francogallia, [[Regnum Unitum|Regnis Unitis]] atque [[Imperium Russicum|Imperio Russo]] constitit—, vigens inter annos [[1894]] et [[1907]].

Francia terras subactas [[Colonialismus|coloniales]] aliis modis habebat ex ineunte [[saeculum 18|saeculo XVII]]; sed, saeculis [[saeculum 19|XIX]] et [[saeculum 20|XX]], eius [[Imperium coloniale Francicum|imperium coloniale universum transmarinum]] plurimum patebat et factum est secundum maximum imperium, solum post [[Imperium Britannicum]]. Inclusa [[Francia metropolitana]], tota area penes Francogalliae paene tredecim [[millio]]nes [[chiliometrum quadratum|chiliometrorum quadratorum]] inter decennia [[Anni 1920|1920]] et [[Anni 1930|1930]] sive 8,6% areae [[Tellus (planeta)|totius orbis terrarum]] attigit.&lt;ref&gt;Robertus (Robert) Aldrich, ''Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion'' (1996) (Anglice).&lt;/ref&gt; Nuncupata [[Pulchra Epocha]] (Francice ''Belle Époque''), saeculi commutatio periodus [[optimismus|optimismo]], regionali [[pax|pace]], oeconomica prosperitate ettechnologicis, scientificis culturalibusque innovationibus picta fuit. Anno [[1905]], publicus [[saecularismus]] officialiter constitutus est.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.angelsmyth.com/belle_epoque.html «La Belle Époque»] (Anglice). Inspectum die 15 Ianuarii anni 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Saecula XX et XXI===
[[Fasciculus:El 114 de infantería, en París, el 14 de julio de 1917, León Gimpel.jpg|thumb|Francici [[pedites]] in [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] (colloquialiter nuncupati Francice ''poilus'', scilicet &quot;hirsuti&quot;) maximum necum numerum inter Alligatos seu Foederatos in [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Adolf Hitler, Eiffel Tower, Paris 23 June 1940.jpg|thumb|[[Adolfus Hitler]] et sui generales cum [[Turris Eiffeliana|Turri Eiffeliana]] in ima post [[Proelium Franciae]], per [[Secundum bellum mundanum]].]]
Francia membrum [[Confoederatio triplex|Confoederationis triplicis]] (Francice Triple-Entente, Anglice Triple Entente et Russice Тройственная Антанта) —quae ex eadem, Regnis Unitis atque Imperio Russo consistebat— erat cum [[Primum bellum mundanum]] (inter [[1914]] et [[1918]]) exarsit. Parva septentrionalis Franciae pars occupata erat, sed denique Francia et suae [[Civitates foederatae Primi belli mundani|civitates foederatae]] victoriam adeptae sunt contra [[Imperia centralia]], ingente cum humana materialique aerumna. [[Primum bellum mundanum]] 1,4 milliones Francicorum militum interfectorum sive 4% omnium incolarum reliquit.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm «France's oldest WWI veteran dies»] (Anglice). Londinii: [[BBC News]], die [[20 Ianuarii]] anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Inter 27% et 30% conscriptorum militum e [[1912]] ad [[1915]] interfecti sunt.&lt;ref&gt;Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&amp;pg=PR25&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false &quot;Encyclopedia Of World War I: A Political, Social, And Military History]'' (Anglice). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-420-2.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Interbellum|Interbelli]] anni vehementibus internationalibus discordiis et socialium reformationum —de feriis laboralibus, diebus negotiosis horarum octo, feminis in gubernio, etc...— serie a gubernio [[Frons popularis (Francica)|Frontis popularis]] (Francice ''Front populaire'') introducta depicti sunt.&lt;ref&gt;Hadrianus (Adrian) Rossiter, &quot;Popular Front economic policy and the Matignon negotiations&quot; (Anglice). ''Historical Journal'' 30#3 (1987): 663-684.&lt;/ref&gt;

Anno [[1940]], per [[Secundum bellum mundanum]], Francia a [[Germania nazistica]] occupata est, quamquam [[Linea Maginot]] inter annos 1930–1940 exstructa erat ad evitandam ipsam occupationem. Exercitus Germanici die [[10 Maii]] [[1940]] terras ad occidentem Germaniae celeriter occupaverunt. Iam mense Iunio [[Lutetia]]m asecuti sunt. Die [[22 Iunii]] [[1940]], [[rectio|respublica]] Francica assentiri coacta est. Quamobrem Francia metropolitana divisa est in partes duas: zonam occupationis Germanicae ad aquilonem conversam et [[Regimen Viciacense|Franciam Viciacensem]], despoticum regimen nuper creatum in meridie et [[nazismus|nazisiticorum]] [[civitas neurospastica]]; dum [[Francia libera]] in exsilio recta et a [[Carolus de Gaulle|Carolo de Gaulle]] ducta, creata est [[Londinium|Londinii]].&lt;ref&gt;''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Q7ORlIpHKLEC&amp;pg=PA368&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false &quot;Vichy France and the Jews]''&quot; (Anglice). Michaël Robertus (Michael Robert) Marrus, Robertus (Robert) O. Paxton (1995). Stanford University Press. p. 368.ISBN 0-8047-2499-7.&lt;/ref&gt; E [[1942]] ad [[1944]], propemodum 160 milia Francicorum civium —inclusis propemodum 75 millionibus [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]]—&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140416061232/http://www.holocaust-education.dk/holocaust/deportationer.asp «The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies»] (Anglice).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[«BBC, The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation»]. Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20141206075910/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005429 France, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum] (Anglice). Inspectum die [[16 Octobris]] anni 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; in [[campus exterminatorius|campos exterminatorios]] et [[castra carceralia]] [[Germania]]e et [[Polonia]]e occupatae deportati sunt.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20141109055804/http://www.ain.fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2011-05/dp_expo_schwartz_auf_weiss_nantua_2011bd.pdf Noir sur Blanc: Les premières photos du camp de concentration de Buchenwald après la libération] (PDF) (Francice). Inspectum [[14 Octobris|pridie Idus Octobres]] anni 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Die [[6 Iunii]] anni [[1944]], [[civitates foederatae Secundi belli mundani|Foederati seu Alligati]] in [[Normannia]]m [[Operatio Overlord|invaserunt]] et, in Augusto, [[Operatio Draco|invaserunt]] in [[Comitatus Provinciae|Provinciam]]. Insequenti anno, Alligati seu Foederati et [[Repugnatio Francica]] [[Potestates Axis|Potestates axis]] vicerunt et, [[Lutetia]] a Germanis recuperata, et [[suverenitas]] Francica restaurata est, constituta [[Administratio temporanea Rei Publicae Francicae|Administratione temporanea Rei Publicae Francicae]] (Francicis [[sigla|siglis]] ''GPRF'').&lt;ref&gt;[[Enciclopaedia Britannica]] (ed.). [https://www.britannica.com/place/France/France-since-1940 «France since 1940»] (Anglice). Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Administratio temporanea Rei Publicae Francicae|Haec administratio]] fundamenta novo constitutionali ordini statuit qui [[Quarta Res Publica (Francia)|Quarta Rem Publicam Francicam]] peperit. Quae mirum florem oeconomicum —Francice ''les Trente Glorieuses'' nuncupatum— passa est. Francia una fuit apud civitates [[Consociatio ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali|Consociationem ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali]] anno [[1949]] condentes. Coloniae Francicae post annum [[1945]] uno corde libertatem expetiverunt. Francia dominatum [[Indosina Francica|Indosinae]] recuperare conata est, sed a [[Consociatio pro libertate (Vietnamia)|Consociatione pro libertate]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide articulum [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2004/historia/dien/index.php &quot;DIEN BIEN PHU&quot; apud ''Ephemeride Archivo''], ubi dicitur &quot;Hic anno 1930 factionem communistarum Indosinensium constituerat et anno 1941 quandam 'consociationem pro libertate' sive 'Vietminh'.&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Vietnamice]] ''Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội'' seu breviter ''Việt Minh'') anno [[1954]] in [[Proelium Dienbienphuense|Proelio Dienbienphuensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide articulum [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2004/historia/dien/index.php &quot;DIEN BIEN PHU&quot; apud ''Ephemeride Archivo''], ubi dicitur &quot;planitiem 'Dienbienphuensem&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; victa est. Solum aliquibus post mensibus, Francia alio [[antiimperialismus|anticoloniali]] conflictū obviam fuit in [[Algerium|Algerio]], tunc amplius millionis [[Pieds-Noirs|colonorum Europaeorum]] domo,&lt;ref&gt;Kimmelman, Michael (die [[4 Martii]] anni [[2009]]). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/arts/design/05abroad.html?_r=1 «In France, a War of Memories Over Memories of War»] (Anglice). ''[[The New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; qui nationem divisit et paene eam in [[subitanea rerum conversio|subitaneam rerum conversionem]] et in [[bellum civile]] induxit.&lt;ref&gt;Crozier, Brianus (Brian); Mansell, Gerardus (Gerard) (Iulio anni 1960). «France and Algeria» (Anglice). Blackwell Publishing. ''[[International Affairs]]''. '''36''' (3): 310. JSTOR 2610008. doi:10.2307/2610008&lt;/ref&gt; Anno [[1956]] [[Marocum]] et [[Tunisia]] se liberas res publicas esse declaraverunt. Anno [[1958]], debilis instabilisque Quarta Res Publica [[Quinta Res Publica (Francia)|Quintam Rem Publicam]] peperit, quae roboratum Praesidiatum inclusit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080523234726/http://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/fifth.htm «From Fourth to Fifth Republic»] (Anglice). Universitas Sunderlandensis.&lt;/ref&gt; Finito bello independentiae (inter annos 1954 et 1962 durante), [[Algeria]] se oppressione Francogallica liberavit. 

Carolus de Gaulle praeses [[Quinta Res Publica (Francia)|Quintae Rei Publicae]] ex anno [[1958]] usque mensem Aprilem [[1969]] mansit. De Gaulle eo tempore rei publicae profuit eique prudenter praesidebat: veterem gloriam Francogalliae atque statum eius imperii mundani restituere in animo habuit; quare rem publicam suam [[bomba atomica|bombis atomicis]] instruxit. Interfuit eius etiam reconciliatio cum Germanis, quo ex motu demum [[Unio Europaea]] orta est.
[[Fasciculus:European Parliament Strasbourg Hemicycle - Diliff.jpg|thumb|left|[[Parlamentum Europaeum|Parlamenti Europaei]] sedes [[Argentoratum|Argentorati]].]]
Francia una evolutissimas apud oeconomias in toto orbis terrarum mansit, sed aliquot oeconomicis crisibus occurrit, quae magnis [[Inopia quaestus|inopiae quaestus]] indicibus et [[debitum publicum|debiti publici]] incrementum attulerunt. Exeunte [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]] et ineunte [[saeculum 21|saeculo XXI]], Francogallia [[supranationalismus|supranationalis]] [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] evolutionem praecurrit cum [[Foedus Traiecti Mosae ictum]], Unionem Europaeam creaturum, anno [[1992]] obsignavisset et [[Euro|Euronis terram]] anno [[1999]] constituisset et [[Foedus Olisipone ictum]] anno [[2007]] obsignavisset.&lt;ref&gt;«Declaration by the Franco-German Defense and Security Council» (Anglice). Elysee.fr. Inspectum die [[21 Iulii]] anni 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20051025215249/http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2004/declaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html Copia] die [[25 Otobris]] anni [[2005]] in [[Wayback Machine]] servata.&lt;/ref&gt; Natio quoque in [[Consociatio ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali|Consociationem ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali]] gradatim redintegrata est et, ex illo tempore, pleraque bella participavit quibus haec consociatio favit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140810024623/http://www.rpfrance-otan.org/France-and-NATO «France and NATO»] (Anglice). ''La France à l'Otan''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ex impetibus contra [[Ferrivia metropolitana Parisiensis|ferriviam metropolinam]] [[Lutetia|Parisiensem]] anno [[1995]] factis, Francia a [[tromocratia islamica|globis tromocraticis islamicis]] sporadice impugnata est, praesertim praestant impetus factus contra diarium ''[[Charlie hebdo]]'' Ianuario anni [[2015]], qui maximas tumultuationes per vias (cum 4,4 millionibus hominum) attulit,&lt;ref&gt;Hinnant, Lori; Adamson, Thomas (die [[11 Ianuarii]] anni [[2015]]). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150111213526/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_FRANCE_ATTACKS_RALLY?SITE=AP&amp;SECTION=HOME&amp;TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&amp;CTIME=2015-01-11-12-51-46 «Officials: Paris Unity Rally Largest in French History»]. ''Associated Press''. Inspectum die [[11 Ianuarii]] anni [[2015]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30765824 «Paris attacks: Millions rally for unity in France»]. ''BBC News'', die [[11 Ianuarii]] anni [[2015]]. Inspectum die [[11 Ianuarii]] anni [[2015]].&lt;/ref&gt; et [[Impetus Lutetiae Novembri 2015 facti|impetus Lutetiae Novembri anni 2015 facti]], qui 130 mortes attulerunt. Qui mortiferrimi impetus Francico in territorio e [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundo bello mundano]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-attacks-people-throw-open-doors-to-help «Parisians throw open doors in wake of attacks, but Muslims fear repercussions»] (Anglice). ''[[The Guardian]]'. Die [[14 Novembris]] anni [[2015]]. Inspectum die [[19 Novembris]] anni 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Syeed, Nafeesa (die [[15 Novembris]] anni [[2015]]). [https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/paris-terror-attacks/paris-terror-attacks-yes-parisians-are-traumatised-but-the-spirit-of-resistance-still-lingers-34201891.html «Yes, Parisians are traumatised, but the spirit of resistance still lingers»] (Anglice). ''The Irish Independent''. Inspectum die [[19 Novembris]] anni 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; et mortiferrimi in Unione Europaea ex [[Impetus Matriti die 11 Martii 2004 facti|impetibus Matriti die 11 Martii 2004 factis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/europe-s-open-border-policy-may-become-latest-victim-of-terrorism-1.2435486 «Europe's open-border policy may become latest victim of terrorism»] (Anglice). ''The Irish Times''. Die [[19 Novembris]] anni [[2015]]. Inspectum die [[19 Novembris]] anni 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; fuerunt.

== Geographia physica ==
[[Imago:Satellite image of France in August 2002.jpg|thumb|300px|Satellitalis imago [[Francia metropolitana|Franciae metropolitanae]].]]
[[Imago:Chamonix valley from la Flégère,2010 07.JPG|thumb|300px|[[Campus Munitus]] cum [[Rupes Alba|Rupe Albā]] in abscedentiā, monte altissimo in [[Unio Europea|Unione Europaeā]].]]
{{Vide-etiam|Corsica}}
{{Vide-etiam|Martinica}}
{{Vide-etiam|Guadalupia}}
{{Vide-etiam|Guiana Francica}}
{{Vide-etiam|Reunio}}
{{Vide-etiam|Index fluminum Franciae}}
Francia hexagonalis (qui autem de [[geographia|geographiā]] [[Corsica]]e, [[Martinica]]e, [[Guadalupia]]e, [[Guiana Francica|Guianae Francicae]], [[Reunio]]nis, regionumque aliarum longinquarum legere velit sub illis lemmatibus quaerat), chiliometra quadrata fere 547&amp;nbsp;030 magna, est terra plerumque humilis in zona orbis terrarum temperata sita. E planitie latissimā constituitur quae a [[Baiona|Baionā]] sub [[Pyrenaeus Atlanticus|Pyrenaeis Atlanticis]] et praeter fines Hispanicos usque ad [[Argentoratum]], a [[Rhenus Inferior|Rheno inferiori]] irrigatum [[Germania]]mque observans, patet. Haec planities iugis magnis obliquis interrumpitur. Regio geologica ex amplis alveis sedimentariis ([[Alveus Parisiensis|Parisiensibus]], [[Alveus Aquitaniensis|Aquitaniensibus]]) atque veteribus [[mons|montibus]] valde erosis ([[massa Armoricana|massā Armoricanā]], [[Vosegus|Vosego]], [[Massa Media (Francia)|Massā Mediā]]) conficitur. Regio omnis lateribus euronotulis confinitur montibus excelsioribus, videlicet [[Alpes|Alpibus]] occidentalibus et [[Pyrenaei]]s. Hi super Aquitaniam eminent, illas autem a Massā Mediā [[Vallis Rhodani]] dividit. Summatim excellunt montes [[Alpes]], [[Arduenna]], [[Mons Cebenna]], [[Mons Forensis]], [[Iura (mons)|Iura]], [[Pyrenaei]] et [[Vosegus]]. [[Corsica]] iuxta litus [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mediterraneum]] est.

Tota terrestris Franciae area, cum praefecturis et territoriis transmarinis (exceptā [[Terra Adeliae|Terrā Adeliae]]&lt;ref&gt;De voce ''Adeliae'' in contextu istius terrae vide speciem ''[[:species:Pygoscelis adeliae|Pygoscelis adeliae]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;) chiliometra quadrata 674&amp;nbsp;843 est, 0,45% totius areae [[Tellus (planeta)|terrestris]]. Nihilominus Francia secundam maiorem [[Zona oeconomica exclusiva|zonam oeconomicam exclusivam]] in toto orbe terrarum possidet,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110430124908/http://www.developpementdurable.com/economie/2010/07/A2769/mediterranee-la-france-prend-le-controle-en-creant-une-zone-economique-exclusive.html Méditerranée: la France prend le contrôle en créant une zone économique exclusive] (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt; quae chiliometra quadrata 11,035 milliones, 8% superficiei totius omnium zonarum in toto orbe terrarum, comprehendit et solum superatur a [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] (chiliometra quadrata 11&amp;nbsp;351&amp;nbsp;000) et zonam [[Australia]]e (chiliometra quadrata 8&amp;nbsp;232&amp;nbsp;000) superat.

E finibus Franciae boreo-orientalibus, oportet inter fluvios imprimis enumerare [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] qui ex Alpibus [[Helvetia]]e oriens et ad boream versus regiones Francicas [[Alsatia]]m et [[Lotharingia]]m a [[Badenia-Virtembergia|Badeniā-Virtembergiā]] [[Germania]]e dividit, unde per Germaniam boreo-occidentalem et [[Nederlandia]]m in [[mare Germanicum]] effunditur. Tributarium habet [[Mosella]]m, cuius fons in monte Vosego reperitur. [[Spinalium]] pagosque Lotharingiae alluit et mox in fines Germaniae pergens cum Rheno iungitur ad urbem quae de hac re nomen [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] habet. Inde ad occidentem versus flumina duo e Franciā orta per [[Belgia]]m et [[Nederlandia]]m in mare Germanicum seriatim effluunt, videlicet [[Mosa]] quae [[Sedan (Arduenna)|villam Sedensem]] alluit, [[Scaldis]] quae [[Cameracum]] [[Valencenae|Valencenasque]], duo insuper litora [[Flandria|Flandrica]] attingentes, [[Isera]] apud [[Castellum Menapiorum]] orta, [[Agnio]] apud fanum [[Sanctus Audomarus|S. Audomari]]. Huius ostium est in litore Flandrico Francico, illius autem in litore Flandrico Belgico.

[[Flumen|Fluminum]] quae [[litus|litora]] Francica attingunt et in [[Oceanus Britannicus|Oceanum Britannicum]] effluunt [[Quantia]] et [[Alteia]] borealissima sunt, sed et modestiora; quibus succedit [[Samara flumen|Samara]], [[Picardia]]e flumen maximum, ad cuius ripas stant fanum [[Sanctus Quintinus in Viromandia|Sancti Quintini in Viromandia]], [[Ambianum]] (olim Samarobriva, quod nomen Gallice &quot;pons Samarae&quot; significat) et [[Abbatis Villa]]. Per [[Normannia Superior|Normanniam superiorem]] defluunt [[Brisella]] et [[Arcae (flumen)|Arcae]] flumen [[Manica]]mque attingunt, haec prope urbem [[Deppae|Deppas]], illa iuxta [[Ulterior Portus|Ultrisportum]]. Mox flumen multo longius nomine [[Sequana]] (prope [[Divio]]nem ortum) litora [[septentrio]]nalia inter [[Honnefluctus|Honnefluctum]] et [[Franciscopolis|Franciscopolim]] attingit, urbibus [[Barium ad Sequanam|Bario]], [[Novigentum ad Sequanam|Novigento]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiā]], [[Surisna|Surisnā]], [[Burgivallis|Burgivalle]], [[Medanta|Medantā]]. [[Rothomagus|Rothomago]] lotis, tributariis [[Axona|Axonā]], [[Matrona|Matronā]], [[Esia|Esiā]] vel Isarā, [[Ebura (flumen Franciae)|Eburā]], [[Icauna|Icaunā]] receptis. Denuo inter flumina minora per [[Normannia Inferior|Normanniam Inferiorem]] in Manicam defluentes [[Olina]]m nominare oportet, fluvium [[Sagii|Sagiorum]] et [[Cadomum|Cadomi]].

Litora [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceani Atlantici]] attingunt flumina [[Britannia Minor|Britanniae Minoris]] [[Alaunus (flumen Franciae)|Alaunus]] et [[Blavetum]], illa per aestuarium [[Brestia]]e, hae iuxta urbem [[Oriens (Mariculum)|Orientem]], et insuper [[Vicinonia]] quae urbem [[Condate Redonum|Redonum]] tangit.

Longissima apud [[index fluminum Franciae|flumina]] viginti in Franciā excellunt [[Liger]], [[Sequana]], [[Rhodanus]], [[Garunna]], [[Maroni]] (in [[Guiana Francica|Guianā Francicā]]), [[Matrona]], [[Mosa]], [[Oltis]], [[Duranius]], [[Arar]], [[Dubis (flumen)|Dubis]], [[Mana (flumen)|Mana]] (in [[Guiana Francica|Guianā Francicā]]), [[Elaver]], [[Carantonus]], [[Tarnis]], [[Vigenna (flumen)|Vigenna]], [[Wiapoco]] (in [[Guiana Francica|Guianā Francicā]]), [[Carus (fluvius)|Carus]], [[Axona]] et [[Druentia]].

===Clima===
[[Fasciculus:France climats carte 2010.png|thumb|[[Francia metropolitana|Franciae metropolitanae]] climatum tabula (Francice) sine [[Corsica|Corsicā]].]]
Franciae metropolitanae [[clima]] valde afficitur [[Anticyclo Accipitrum|Anticyclone Accipitrum]] sed etiam [[Floridae flumen|Floridae Flumine]], sicuti reliqua [[Europa Occidentalis]],&lt;ref&gt;«Vos questions sur le climat» (Francice), in ''cnrs.fr'', die [[2 Aprilis]] anni [[2010]].&lt;/ref&gt; regionalibus sive localibus cum variationibus satis evidentibus. Francia metropolitana aliquot climatica ponderis incommoda passa est: tempestates (tales decembris anni [[1999]] 7% arborum omnibus in silvis Francicis stratae sunt&lt;ref name=&quot;Vincentius_Adoumie&quot;&gt;Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)&lt;/ref&gt;), [[dies caniculares]] (tales anni [[2003]] in Europā 15 000 mortuorum necaverunt&lt;ref name=&quot;Vincentius_Adoumie&quot;&gt;Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)&lt;/ref&gt;), incendia et inundationes.

[[Clima oceanicum]] strictum evidentissime ab occidente discriminari solet.&lt;ref&gt;[https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/23155 Les types de climats en France, une construction spatiale] (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt; Quod e [[Flandria|Flandriā]] in [[Vasconia (territorium)|Vasconiam]] patet, litorali super laciniā aliquot chiliometrorum decusses amplā (cuius limes definiendo difficilis est), angustiore et a septentrione et a meridiē, sed ampliore in [[Britannia Minor|Britanniā Minore]], quae paene tota hoc climate afficitur. Clima oceanicum Aquitanum austroafricum calidiua est quia est meridionalius.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.fr/books?id=M9MZAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22oc%C3%A9anique+aquitain%22&amp;dq=%22oc%C3%A9anique+aquitain%22&amp;lr=&amp;cd=9 Bulletin du Centre d’études et de recherche scientifiques, Volume 11] (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt; Litorum septentrio-occidentalium cluma oceanicum sed frigidius climate oceanico Aquitano; ibi ventorum occidentalium vis valde maior est. Planitiei clima oceanicum degradatum, in centro septentrionali situm, aliquando &quot;Parisiense&quot; nuncupatur, quia circiter [[fluentum Parisiense|fluenti Parisiensis]] (Francice ''bassin parisien'') proprium est, cui clima oceanicum magis tenuiter mutatur. Clima semicontinentale a septentrione orientali et a centro orientali (in [[Alsatia (regio Franciae recentior)|Alsatiā]]; planitiebus [[Arar]]is aut medii [[Rhodanus|Rhodani]]; planitiebus [[Delphinatus Viennensis|Delphinatūs]], [[Arvernia (regio recentior)|Arverniae]] aut [[Sabaudia (praefectura Franciae)|Sabaudiae]]) vicissim subdividitur et possidet characteres adhuc mutatiores propter montanarum molium vicinitatem. Clima semicontinentale meridionale climate calido distinctum et in Vallis Rhodani planitiebus, circum [[Lugdunum]], et in planitiebus [[Pagus Forensis|Pagi Forensis]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [[:fr:Forez#Toponymie|partem de toponymiā in articulo &quot;Forez&quot; in Vicipaediā Francicā]].&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''Forez'') est. [[Limane]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Limane&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0930c.html Limaigne]&quot; in {{Hofmannus}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu [[Limania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Limane&quot;/&gt; (Francice ''La Limagne'' et [[Occitanice]] ''Limanha'') et regio circum [[Augustonemetum]] idem clima propter [[ventus Föhn|effectum Föhn]] geographicumque locum in [[Meridianum Franciae|mediā Franciae meridiē]] experiuntur. Clima semicontinentale orientale territorio e [[Burgundia et Liber Comitatus|Burgundiā]] usque ad [[Arduenna (praefectura Franciae)|Arduennam]] adest. Denique, [[clima alpinum]] praecipue locis superioribus in [[Alpes|Alpibus]], [[Pyrenaei montes|Pyrenaeis]], [[Montes Arvernienses|Montibus Arverniensibus]] (Francice ''Massif central''), [[Vosegus|Vosego]], [[Iura (mons)|Iurā]] et montibus [[Corsica|Corsicis]] adest.

Pleraque [[Francia transmarina]] (Francice ''France d'outre-mer'') ad [[Zona tropica|climata tropica]] (magnis cum dissimilitudinibus)&lt;ref name=&quot;Vincentius_Adoumie&quot;&gt;Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)&lt;/ref&gt; redigitur; quibus addenda sunt [[clima aequinoctiale]] [[Guiana Francica|Guianae Francicae]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.guyane-amazonie.fr/incroyable-guyane/geographie.html «Géographie»]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Francice), in '''tourisme-guyane.com'' (inspectum die 2 Aprilis anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt;, [[clima subarcticum]] [[Insulae Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis|Insularum Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis]]&lt;ref&gt;«Questions courantes» (Francice), in ''st-pierre-et-miquelon.com'' (inspectum die 2 Aprilis anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt; et climata [[clima oceanicum|oceanicum]] et [[clima polare|polare]]&lt;ref&gt;«Terres australes et antarctiques françaises»(Francice), in ''tlfq.ulaval.ca'' (inspectum die 2 Aprilis anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt; [[Terrae australes antarcticaeque Francicae|Terrarum australium antarcticarumque Francicarum]].

Temperatura media in Franciā 0,1 ºC mediocriter pro decennio per [[saeculum 20|saeculum XX]] auxit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vincentius_Adoumie&quot;&gt;Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)&lt;/ref&gt; Die [[28 Iunii]], [[Veiranecae|Veiranecis]], [[thermometrum]] 46 ºC attigit, quod est maxima temperatura absoluta in Franciā metropolitanā postquam sunt tabulae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.leparisien.fr/societe/le-record-absolu-de-temperature-du-28-juin-reevalue-a-46-c-19-07-2019-8120094.php A C. D. cum AFP, die 19 Iulii anni 2019 horā 14:51, «Le record absolu de température du 28 juin réévalué à 46°C»] (Francice), in ''leparisien.fr'', die 19 Iulii anni 2019 (inspectum pridie Kalendas Octobres anni 2019).&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;100&quot; style=&quot;font-size:88%;line-height:120%&quot; caption=&quot;Clima Franciae&quot;&gt;
Imago:Étretat, Frankreich10.jpg|Calcariae [[rupina]]e in [[Normannia|Normanniā]], prope [[Strusarda]]m.
Imago:Lavender field.jpg|Virentia [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mediterranea]] ([[lavandula]]) in [[Comitatus Provinciae|Provinciā]].
Imago:Bellecote face nord.jpg|[[Clima alpinum]] in [[Sabaudia (discretiva)|Sabaudiā]] (aspicitur [[capra ibex|ibex]] sinistrorsum).
Imago:Châtenois 040.JPG|[[Vinum Gallicum|Vineta]] [[Alsatia]]e prope [[Châtenois (Rhenus Inferior)|Villam Castinetum]].
Imago:Bora Bora.jpg|[[Bora-Bora]] in [[Polynesia Gallica|Polynesiā Gallicā]].
Imago:04 Calanche Piana.jpg|Parvi sinūs [[Piana]]e, in [[Corsica|Corsicā]].
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Conservatio circumiectorum===
Rei publicae administratores aliquibus e decenniis problematibus oecologicis obviam ire conantur. [[Saepta naturalia Franciae|Saeptis naturalibus]] (Francice ''réserves naturelles'') et [[Silvae publicae Franciae|silvis publicis]] (Francice ''parcs nationaux'') ex anno [[1967]] [[consaeptum naturale regionale Franciae|consaepta naturalia regionalia]] (Francice ''parcs naturels régionaux'')&lt;ref&gt;«Histoire» (Francice), in ''Fédération des Parcs naturels régionaux de France'' (inspectum die 20 Decembris anni 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; additae sunt, quae naturale culturaleque patrimonium conservationem et existimationem coniungunt&lt;ref name=&quot;Badower&quot;&gt;Annie Badower et Augusta Cadars, ''La France, industries-services'' (Francice), Lutetiae, Dalloz, coll. «Sirey», 1994, 5e éd., 272 p. (ISBN 978-2-247-01703-4 et 2-247-01703-7)&lt;/ref&gt; et 15% territorii Francici anno [[2018]] tegebant.&lt;ref&gt;«Les Parcs en chiffres» (Francice), in ''Fédération des Parcs naturels régionaux de France'' (inspectum die 20 Decembris anni 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; [[Procuratio aquae (Francia)|Procurationes aquae]] (Francice ''agences de l'eau'') sex institutae sunt ad gerendas protegendasque opes aquae hac in natione.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lesagencesdeleau.fr/les-agences-de-leau/les-six-agences-de-leau-francaises/ «Les six agences de l’eau françaises|Les agences de l'eau»] (Francice), in ''www.lesagencesdeleau.fr'' (inspectum die 20 Decembris anni 2018).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vincentius_Adoumie&quot;&gt;Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Natura 2000|Rete Natura 2000]] [[habitatio|loca naturalia]] aut seminaturalia in [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaeā]] cum magnā patrimoniali praestantiā propter [[fauna]]m et [[Flora (summatio)|floram]] excelsas quas continent congregat. Decembre anni [[2018]], rete Natura 2000 in Franciā 1779 locorum habebat, e quibus 212 loca marina sunt et quae comprehendunt:

* 402 [[Zona protectionis specialis|zonarum protectionis specialis]] (ZPS) avibus;
* 1377 [[Zona specialis conservationis|zonarum specialis conservationis]] (ZSC) [[habitatio]]nibus et [[Species (taxinomia)|speciebus]].

Tota superficies 200 364 chiliometrorum quadratorum lata est, 12,9% superficiei terrestri metropolitanae (sive milliones septem [[hectarea]]rum) et 33% superficiei in zonā oeconomicā exclusivā (sive 12,3 milliones hectarearum) repraesentans.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210323025254/https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/reseau-europeen-natura-2000-1 «Réseau européen Natura 2000»] (Francice), ''Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire'', Iulio anni 2018, (inspectum die 14 Novembris anni 2018).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Natura&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210320041651/http://www.natura2000.fr/chiffres-cles «Chiffres clés|Natura 2000»] (Francice), in ''www.natura2000.fr'' (inspectum die 14 Novembris anni 2018).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;«[http://www.charente-maritime.gouv.fr/layout/set/print/Politiques-publiques/Environnement-risques-naturels-et-technologiques/Espaces-naturels-et-biodiversite/Natura-2000-sur-terre-et-sur-mer/Le-reseau-Natura-2000]» (Francice), in ''www.charente-maritime.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 14 Novembris anni 2018).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/natura-2000-barometer «Natura 2000 Barometer»] [archive], in ''European Environment Agency'' (inspectum idibus Februariis anni 2019).&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fasciculus:Carrelets sur l'estuaire de la Gironde.jpg|thumb|center|700px|[[Aestuarium]] [[Girundia]] discribitur consaeptum naturale marinum et ad [[Natura 2000|rete Natura 2000]] pertinet. Sinistra ripa ad [[consaeptum naturale regionale Meduli]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sc.edu/ltantsoc/medu0538.htm Meduli litus].&lt;/ref&gt; (''parc naturel régional du Médoc'') pertinet. 635 chiliometrorum quadratorum latum, vastissimum aestuarium in Europā est.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210318200224/https://www.estuaire-gironde.fr/mensurations.html] (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt;]]

==Civilitas==
[[Fasciculus:Palais Bourbon Nuit.jpg|thumb|[[Regia Burbonia]] (Francice ''Palais Bourbon''), [[Conventus civitatis Francicae|Coventi nationalis]] ([[Francice]] ''Assemblée nationale'') sedes.]]
[[Fasciculus:Emmanuel Macron in Tallinn Digital Summit. Welcome dinner hosted by HE Donald Tusk. Handshake (36669381364) (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|left|[[Emmanuel Macron]], Praeses Rei publicae Francicae.]]
Praesens [[Constitutio Francica anni 1958|Constitutio]], [[Quinta Res Publica (Francia)|Quintae Rei Publicae]], per [[referendum]] die [[28 Septembris]] anni [[1958]] probata sunt. Quā probatā, munus [[Praesides Franciae|Praesidis Rei Publicae]] auctoritatem super [[Potestas exsecutiva|potestate exsecutivā]] valde firmavit,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.diariocritico.com/noticia/12138/noticias/la-quinta-republica-francesa-y-sus-presidentes.html &quot;La Quinta República Francesa y sus Presidentes&quot;] (Hispanice), ''Diario Crítico''. Inspectum die 29 Iunii anni 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; quae a [[Primus minister|Primo Ministro]] et a [[gubernatio|Gubernio]] antea repraesentatur. Quod Praesidem verum Potestatis Exsecutivae legatum constituit quantum ad [[Parlamentum]] attinet. Secundum Constitutionem, Praeses [[suffragium|suffragio directo]] uni quinquennio (in principio tempori annorum septem) eligitur. Praesidis arbitrium constantem usum et Rei Publicae procuratorum aequabilitatem confirmat. Praeses [[primus minister|Primum Ministrum]] designat, qui Ministrorum Consilium praesidet, [[copiae militares|copias militares]] ducit et foedera paciscitur. Ministrorum Consilium a Praeside nominatur, Primo Ministro proponente. Hoc gubernii genus [[res publica semipraesidentialis]] nuncupatur.

[[Conventus civitatis Francicae|Coventus nationalis]] ([[Francice]] ''Assemblée nationale'') praecipuum legisferum corpus. Cuius [[Legatus parlamentaris|deputati]] 577 uni quinquennio directe eliguntur et omnia subsellia suffragio singulis comitiis eliguntur. Altera camera [[Senatus (Francia)|Senatus]] ([[Francice]] ''Sénat'') est, cuius senatores 321 comitiali a collegio (per suffragium indirectum) eliguntur et suum munus novem annos servant. Tertia Senatūs pars in annos tres renovatur. Legisferae Senatūs potestates limitatae sunt et Conventus nationalis decretorium iudicium facit si accidit disceptatio ambas inter cameras. Gubernium maxime parlamentarios apud diurnos actūs valet. Praeterea, est [[Consilium constitutionale]] (Francice ''Conseil constitutionnel''),&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170715221443/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/espanol/consejo-constitucional/presentacion-general/presentacion-general.25785.html &quot;Consejo constitucional&quot;] (Hispanice). Consilium constitutionale. Servatum ex originali Idibus Iuliis anni 2017. Inspectum die 29 Iunii anni 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; membra novem habens, quod legum constitutionalitatem observat et de contentionibus decernit. Francici cives omnes homines annos duodeviginti aut amplius nati sunt.

===Politica externa===
[[Fasciculus:Diplomatic missions of France.PNG|thumb|left|400px|Francicae repraesentationes in toto orbe terrarum. [[Viridis|Viride]] Francia; [[Caeruleus|caeruleo]] nationes ubi Francia [[ambasciata]]s habet; [[Canus|cano]] alia territoria.]]
Abusque [[Generalis|Generali]] [[Carolus de Gaulle|Carolo de Gaulle]] praeside (inter annos 1958 et 1969), Francica politica externa independentiae voluntate, praesertim a Civitatibus Foederatarum, depingitur;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lasserre&quot;&gt;Isabella (Isabelle) Lasserre (die 10 Martii anni 2009). [https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2009/03/11/01003-20090311ARTFIG00073-quand-mitterrand-deja-negociait-le-retour-dans-l-otan-.php &quot;Quand Mitterrand, déjà, négociait le retour dans l’Otan&quot;]. ''lefigaro.fr'' (Francice). Inspectum die 10 Martii anni 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; quamobrem, Francia [[arma nuclearia]] evolvit et e manipulis integratis de [[CFAS]] inter annos 1966 et 2009 decessit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lasserre&quot;/&gt;

Francicarum [[ambasciata]]rum rete tertium maximum in toto orbe terrarum est, cum ambasciatis 156 et consulis sedibus 97 per [[continens|continentes]] quinque.&lt;ref&gt;Ministerium rerum externarum. [https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/le-ministere-et-son-reseau/annuaires-du-ministere-de-l-europe-et-des-affaires-etrangeres/ambassades-et-consulats-francais-a-l-etranger/#sommaire_3 &quot;Ambassades et consulats&quot;]. ''diplomatie.gouv.fr'' (Francice). Inspectum pridie Kalendas Martias anni 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Francia [[civitas ad progressionem nitens|civitates ad progressionem nitentes]] praecipue [[Africa]]s, adiuvat. Officiale auxilium pro progressione 0,36% [[productus nationalis generalis|productūs nationalis generalis]] Francici anno 2014 repraesentabat, qui minor quam [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]] aut [[Germania|Germanicus]] est.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]]. [https://www.oecd.org/fr/developpement/stats/documentupload/ODA%202014%20Technical%20Note%20FR.pdf &quot;Synthèse de l'aide publique au développement en avril 2015&quot;] (PDF Francice). ''oecd.org''. Inspectum die 24 Decembris anni 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Iura humana===
[[Fasciculus:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|Res publica Francica in [[Charta Hominis ac Civis Iurum|Declaratione iurum hominis et civis]] anni [[1789]] fundata est.]]
Respectū [[Iura humana|iurum humanorum]] et consociationis cum corporibus [[Charta internationalis iurum humanorum|Chartae internationalis iurum humanorum]], quae [[Commissum Iurum Humanorum Consociationis Nationum|Commissum Iurum Humanorum]] includunt, Francia [[Pactio internationalis de iuribus oeconomicis, socialibus et culturalibus|Pactionem internationalem de iuribus oeconomicis, socialibus et culturalibus]]; [[Pactio internationalis de iuribus civilibus et politicis|Pactionem internationalem de iuribus civilibus et politicis]]; [[Conventio internationalis de abroganda omniformi discriminatione rassistica|Conventionem internationalem de abrogandā omniformi discriminatione rassisticā]]; [[Conventio de abroganda omnis generis discriminatione mulierum|Conventionem de abrogandā omnis generis discriminatione mulierum]]; [[Conventio contra Torturam, alteram Atrocem, Inhumanam seu Humiliantem Tractationem seu Poenam|Conventionem contra torturam, alteram atrocem, inhumanam seu humiliantem tractationem seu poenam]]; et [[Conventio de Iuribus Impuberum|Conventionem de iuribus impuberum]] obsignavit et sanxit. Alterā ex parte, [[Pactio de iuribus hominum invalidorum|Pactionem de iuribus hominum invalidorum]] solum obsignavit sed non sanxit, dum Francia de [[Conventio internationalis de protegendis hominibus omnibus a decessione coacticia|Conventione internationali de protegendis hominibus omnibus a decessione coacticiā]] non refert et [[Pactio internationalis de omnium peregrinorum operariorum eorumque familiarium iuribus protegendis|Pactionem internationalem de omnium peregrinorum operariorum eorumque familiarium iuribus protegendis]] nec obsignavit nec sanxit.&lt;ref&gt;[[Curator supremus Nationum Unitarum iuribus humanis tuendis]]. [http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/newhvstatusbycountry?OpenView&amp;Start=1&amp;Count=250&amp;Expand=87 &quot;Status by country&quot;] (Anglice). Servatum ex originali die 14 Augusti anni 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Vires armatae===
[[Fasciculus:French military images.jpg|thumb|left|500px|alt=see description|Francicarum rerum militarium exempla. Dextrorsus ex apice laevo: nuclearis [[navis aëroplanigera]] [[Carolus de Gaulle (navis aëroplanigera)|Carolus de Gaulle]]; a [[aeroplanum insectatorium|aëroplanum insectatorium]] [[Dassault Rafale]]; Francici [[Venatores Alpini]] (Francice ''Chasseurs Alpins'') valles [[Afgania|Afganicae]] provinciae [[Kapisa]]e ([[Lingua Dari|Darice]] et [[Lingua Afganica|Afganice]] کاپيسا) explorantes; [[autocurrus armatus]] [[Autocurrus Leclerc|Leclerc]].]]
[[Vires armatae]] Francicae seu Exercitus Francicus (Francice ''Forces armées françaises'' seu ''Armée française'') potestatem exsecutivam in [[Index praesidum rei publicae Francicae|Praeside Rei publicae Francicae]], Ducis exercituum (Francice ''Chef des Armées'') munus habente, conglobant. Nihilominus Constitutio Francica gubernium (scilicet, ministeria exsecutiva, quae haud necessarie ad Praesidis [[Factio politica|factionem politicam]] pertinent) publicis, civilibus et militaribus viribus armatis uti sinit. Ministerium Exercituum (Francice ''Ministère des Armées''), ex anno [[2017]] a [[Florentia Parly|Florentiā Parly]] gestum, pro pecuniae praestatione, opium assignatione et operationibus spondet.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210224231709/https://www.defense.gouv.fr/content/download/219706/2444262/file/Chiffres%20cl%C3%A9s%20de%20la%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%202013.pdf «Les chiffres clés de la défense 2013» (PDF) (Francice). ''Defense.gouv.fr''.&lt;/ref&gt; Vires armatae Francicae primae sunt quae nationalismum in [[Res novae Francicae|Rebus novis Francicis]] foverunt, quia nationalismus se vilior et efficacior Civitati quam copiae [[Miles mercennarius|mercennariae]] monstravit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com.br/books?id=JgfA4moXzEoC&amp;pg=PA136&amp;lpg=PA136&amp;dq=The+idea+of+a+mass,+%E2%80%9Cvoluntary%E2%80%9D+army+was+born+out+of+the+French+Revolution.+The+new+soldiers+turned+out+to+be+cheaper+and+more+loyal+than+mercenaries,+and+they+fought+well.&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=yPK6sIAx9F&amp;sig=lStp3DnlmAjcAxff4qd53Jybo0s&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwj73K_jqOvMAhVFKh4KHUY0DN4Q6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&amp;q=The%20idea%20of%20a%20mass%2C%20%E2%80%9Cvoluntary%E2%80%9D%20army%20was%20born%20out%20of%20the%20French%20Revolution.%20The%20new%20soldiers%20turned%20out%20to%20be%20cheaper%20and%20more%20loyal%20than%20mercenaries%2C%20and%20they%20fought%20well.&amp;f=false Jewish Choices, Jewish Voices: War and National Security] (Anglice).&lt;/ref&gt;

Cum 215 000 militorum suo munere, Francia in praesenti maxima potentia militaris intra [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] et tertia maxima intra [[CFAS]] est. Cuius copiae in [[Asia occidentalis|Asiā occidentali]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/26/france-military-base-uae France opens military base in UAE despite Iranian concerns] (Anglice).&lt;/ref&gt; et totā [[Africa|Africā]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessinsider.com/frances-military-is-all-over-africa-2015-1 France's Military Is All Over Africa] (Anglice)&lt;/ref&gt; agunt.

Vires armatae Francicae dividuntur in ramos quinque, qui sunt:
* [[Exercitus terrestris (Francia)|Exercitus terrestris]] (Francice ''Armée de terre''), ubi includuntur:
** [[Venatores Alpini]] (Francice ''Chasseurs Alpins'')
** [[Legio Externa Francica|Legio externa seu extranea]] (Francice ''Légion étrangère'')
** [[Copiae classis (Francia)|Copiae classis]] (Francice ''Troupes de marine'')
** [[Classis aeria levis Exercitus terrestris|Classis aëria levis Exercitūs terrestris]] (Francice ''Aviation légère de l'Armée de terre'' seu ''ALAT'')
* [[Regimentum ingeniariae Francicae]] (Francice ''Régiment du génie français''), ubi includitur:
** [[Brigada munitorum siphonariorum Parisiensis]] (Francice ''Brigade de sapeurs-pompiers de Paris'')
* [[Classis nationalis (Francia)|Classis nationalis]] (Francice ''Marine nationale''), ubi includuntur:
** [[Vis maritima aeronauticae navalis|Vis maritima aëronauticae navalis]] (Francice ''Force maritime de l'aéronautique navale'')
** [[Manuballistarii classiarii]] (Francice ''Fusiliers marins'')
** [[Manus classiaria|Manūs classiariae]] (Francice ''Commandos marine'')
* [[Classis aeria et sideralis|Classis aëria et sideralis]] (Francice ''Armée de l'air et de l'espace''), ubi includitur
** Defensio aëria territorialis
* [[Chorophylace nationalis (Francia)|Chōrophylacē nationalis]]&lt;ref&gt;Confer Neograecum nomen &quot;Εθνική Χωροφυλακή&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''Gendarmerie nationale''), [[vigil]]es militares vim exercentes sicuti vigiles publici et reali et generali contextū.

==Divisio administrativa==
{{Vide-etiam|Tabula administrativa Franciae}}
[[Fasciculus:Regiones Francicae.png|thumb|500px|Francicarum regionum duodeviginti [[tabula geographica]].]]
Ex anno [[2016]], Francia in duodeviginti administrativas regiones (Francice ''régions'') praecipue divisa est: regiones tredecim in [[Francia metropolitana|Franciā metropolitanā]] (inclusā collectivitate territoriali [[Corsica|Corsicā]])&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151230075909/http://www.gouvernement.fr/action/la-reforme-territoriale &quot;La réforme territoriale&quot;] (Francice). Gubernium Franciae. Die 18 Decembris anni 2015. Archivatum ex originali die 30 Decembris anni 2015. Inspectum Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; et quinque trans maria.&lt;ref name=&quot;Europe&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220316080837/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/ &quot;Europe :: France&quot;] (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Die 3 Ianuarii anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Regiones divisae sunt vicissim in unam et centum praefecturas (Francice ''départements''), quae praecipue litterarum ordine dispositae sunt. His numeris [[numerus cursualis|numeri cursuales]] adaequant et olim [[notaculum|notacula]] eis usa sunt. Apud unam et centum praefecturas Francogallicas, quinque —[[Guadalupia (praefectura)|Guadalupia]], [[Guiana Francica|Guiana Francica seu Gallica]], [[Martinica]], [[Reunio]], [[Maiota]]— regiones et quoque praefecturae transmarinae (Francice ''départements et régions d'outre-mer'' seu ''DROM'') sunt, quae eodem statū quam praefecturae metropolitanae fruuntur et integrales [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] partes sunt.

Una et centum praefecturae in [[Circumdarium|circumdaria]] (Francice ''arrondissements'') 335 subdivisae sunt, quae vicissim in [[canto]]nes (Francogallice ''cantons'') 2054 subdivisa sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Circonscriptions&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140430033500/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=99&amp;ref_id=t_0203R &quot;Circonscriptions administratives au 1er janvier 2015 : comparaisons régionales&quot;] (Francogallice). [[INSEE]]. Archivatum ex originali pridie Kalendas Maias anni 2014. Inspectum die 5 Iulii anni 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi cantones etiam divisi sunt in [[commune|communia]] (Francice ''communes'') 36658, quae sunt [[municipium|municipia]] electo cum consilio municipali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Circonscriptions&quot;/&gt; Communia tria —[[Lutetia]], [[Lugdunum]], [[Massilia]]— in [[circumdarium municipale|circumdaria municipalia]] (Francogallice ''arrondissements municipaux'') 45 subdivisa sunt.

Regiones, praefecturae et communia omnia [[collectivitas territorialis|collectivitates territoriales]] (Francogallice ''collectivités territoriales'') nuncupantur; scilicet, haec conventūs locales non minus quam potestatem exsecutivam possident. Circumdaria et cantones mere administrativae divisiones sunt. Nihilominus, non semper hoc modo fuere. Usque ad annum [[1940]], circumdaria collectivitates territoriales electo cum conventū erant, sed a [[Regimen Viciacense|Regimine Viciacensi]] ad tempus amota et modo terminali a [[Quarta Res Publica (Francia)|Quartā Republicā]] anno [[1946]] abrogatae sunt.

===Territoria et collectivitates transmarina===
[[File:Terrae Rem publicam Francicam constituentes.png|thumb|500px|Terrae Rem publicam Francicam constituentes.]]
Praeter regiones duodeviginti et praefecturas unam et centum, Res publica Francica [[Collectivitas Transmarina Francica|collectivitates transmarinas]] quinque —[[Polynesia Gallica|Polynesiam Gallicam]], [[Insula Sancti Bartholomaei|Sanctum Bartholomaeum]], [[Collectivitas Sancti Martini|Sanctum Martinum]], [[Insulae Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis|Sanctum Petrum et Miquelonem]], [[Uvea et Futuna|Uveam et Futunam]]—, unam sui generis collectivitatem —[[Nova Caledonia|Novam Caledoniam]]—, unum territorium transmarinum (Francogallice ''territoire d'outre-mer'' seu ''TOM'') —[[Terrae australes antarcticaeque Francicae|Terras australes antarcticasque Francicas]]— et unam insularem possessionem in [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]] —[[Insula Clippertonensis|Insulam Clippertonensem]]— habet.

Collectivitates et territoria transmarina Rei publicae Francicae, sed non [[Unio Europaea|Unioni Europaeae]] aut eius fiscali areae (excepto Sancto Bartholomaeo, qui e Guadalupiā anno 2007 secessit) intersunt. Collectivitates Pacifici Polynesiae Gallicae, Uvea et Futuna, Nova Caledonia [[francus CFP|franco CFP]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717034857/http://www.thetahititraveler.com/touristinfo/moneycurr.asp &quot;Currency and Exchange Rate&quot;] (Anglice). Thetahititraveler.com. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francogallice ''franc CFP'') uti pergunt, cuius valor stricte ei [[euro]]nis conexus est. Immo vero, regiones transmarinae quinque [[Francus Francicus|franco Francico]] utebantur et nunc [[euro]]ne utuntur.&lt;ref&gt;[ttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&amp;countryCode=fr&amp;regionCode=eu&amp;rank=7#fr &quot;2085rank&quot;] (Anglice).Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
! Nomen
! Constitutionalis status
! Caput
|-
| [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Insula Clippertonensis]]&lt;ref&gt;Confer binomen &quot;Epinephelus clippertonensis&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Civitatis privata possessio penes directam auctoritatem [[Ministerium Franciae transmarinae|Gubernii Francogallici]].
! Sine incolis
|-
| [[Fasciculus:Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg|25px]] [[Polynesia Gallica]]&lt;ref&gt;''Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht'', vol. 34, pars 1 (Lipsiae: 1907), [https://books.google.com/books?id=2HNCAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA293&amp;q=polynesia+gallica p. 293].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Pagus transmarinus designata (Francogallice ''pays d'outre-mer'' sive POM), statum eundem habet quam collectivitas transmarina.
! [[Papeete|Urbs Papeetensis]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dpape.html &quot;Archidioecesis Papeetensis&quot; apud Hierarchiam Catholicam].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[File:Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg|25px]] [[Terrae australes antarcticaeque Francicae]]
| Territorium transmarinum (Francice ''territoire d'outre-mer'' sive TOM)
! [[Portus Francicorum]]{{Convertimus}}&lt;ref&gt;Francogallice ''Port-aux-Français''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[File:Flag_of_FLNKS.svg|25px]] [[Nova Caledonia]]
| Collectivitas [[Sui generis]]
! [[Numea]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dnoum.html &quot;Dioecesis Numeana&quot; apud Hierarchiam Catholicam].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[File:Flag of Saint Barthélemy (local).svg|25px]] [[Insula Sancti Bartholomaei|Sanctus Bartholomaeus]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;I[nsulae] Bartholomaei ... Margaritta ... Barbuda, S. Christophori, Newis, Antiqua, Dominica, S. Luciae ... S. Vincentii&quot; {{Google Books|iXZYAAAAcAAJ|p. 179}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Collectivitas transmarina (Francice ''collectivité d'outre-mer'' sive ''COM'')
! [[Gustavia]]
|-
| [[File:Insigne Insulae Sancti Martini (Francia).svg|25px]] [[Collectivitas Sancti Martini|Sanctus Martinus]]
| Collectivitas transmarina (Francice ''collectivité d'outre-mer'' sive ''COM'')
! [[Marigot (Sancti Martini)|Marigot]]
|-
| [[File:Flag_of_Saint-Pierre_and_Miquelon.svg|25px]] [[Insulae Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis|Sanctus Petrus et Miquelo]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|iles|Vicariatus Apostolicus Insularum S. Petri et Miquelonensis}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Collectivitas transmarina (Francice ''collectivité d'outre-mer'' sive ''COM''). Adhuc ''collectivitas territorialis'' allusa.
! [[Oppidum Sancti Petri (insula Sancti Petri)|Oppidum Sancti Petri]]
|-
| [[File:Flag of Wallis and Futuna.svg|25px]] [[Uvea et Futuna]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dwafu.html &quot;Dioecesis Uveana et Futunensis&quot; apud Hierarchiam Catholicam].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Collectivitas transmarina (Francice ''collectivité d'outre-mer'' sive ''COM''). Adhuc ''territorium'' allusa.
! [[Mata Utu]]
|}

==Demographia==
[[Fasciculus:Franciae spissitudo incolarum.png|thumb|Franciae spissitudo incolarum per [[pagus|pagum]] (Francice ''arrondissement''). Praecipua urbana territoria visibila sunt, praesertim [[Lutetia]] (in centro a Septentrione), [[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]] (a Septentrione), [[Massilia]] (inter meridiem et orientem) et [[Lugdunnum]] (in centro inter meridiem et orientem).]]
Aestimato cum [[numerus incolarum|numero incolarum]] 64 millionum,&lt;ref name=&quot;People&quot;&gt;People. France (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Francia sita est vicesimo primo loco secundum numerum incolarum in toto orbe terrarum.&lt;ref&gt;Rank Order. Population (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Territoria urbis maiore cum numero incolarum [[Lutetia]], [[Lugdunum]], [[Tolosa]], [[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]], [[Burdigala]], [[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaea]], [[Portus Namnetum]], [[Argentoratum]], [[Condate Redonum]] sunt. Francia demographicum incrementum naturale (migrationem excludens) maius passa est quam pleraeque [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] nationes et anno 2003 causa fuit maioris partis huius incrementi naturalis consociatas apud has nationes. Anno [[2008]], aestimata natalium index 1,273 filiorum pro feminā erat —Francia est loco secundo secundum fecunditatem in Europā, post [[Hibernia]]m—&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.insee.fr/fr/accueil#inter3INSEE 2006 : &quot;La France, toujours l'un des pays les plus féconds d'Europe&quot;] (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt; et demographici incrementi index 0,574% erat.&lt;ref name=&quot;People&quot;&gt;People. France (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Aestimatus purus [[migratio]]nis index positivus est anno [[2008]], 1,48 migratorum pro 1000 incolarum.&lt;ref name=&quot;People&quot;&gt;People. France (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Anno [[2006]], [[INSEE|Institutum nationale statisticae et studiorum oeconomicorum seu INSEE]] 4,9 milliones immigratorum, scilicet 8% omnium incolarum, Franciam incolere aestimavit. Quia pueri immigratoribus e parentibus Francogallicā in terrā nati Francici putantur, civium peregre oriundorum numerus 6,7 milliones (secundum aestimationem anni 1999), scilicet 10% omnium Francicorum incolarum, erat.

===Ethnographia===
[[Praehistoria|Praehistoricis]] ex aevis, Francia copulatio commercii, migrationum, occupationum est. Praecipui greges ethnici quattuor in Franciā sunt: Praeceltae, [[Celtae]], [[Latini]], [[Germani (antiquitas)|Germani]] ([[Franci]], [[Visigothi]], [[Burgundiones]], [[Viccingi]]). Has &quot;historicas&quot; ob gentes, novi populi in Franciam e [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] immigravere: [[Belgica|Belgae]], [[Italia|Itali]], [[Hispania|Hispani]], [[Portugallia|Lusitani]], [[Polonia|Poloni]], [[Romania|Dacoromani]], [[Graeci]], [[Iudaei]] ab [[Europa Orientalis|Europā Orientali]] et [[Barbaria (Africa)|Barbariā]], [[Arabes]] ac [[Mazaces]] a [[Barbaria (Africa)|Barbariā]], [[Nigricolores]] a Franciā et [[Seres]] apud alios. 40% incolarum Francicorum migratoriis ab his gregibus originem trahere -disparibus proportionibus- aestimantur, quod Franciam unam [[Europa]]eas apud civitates ethnice diversiores facit, non obstante usitatā stereotypiā Franciae sicuti nationis [[Gallia|Gallicae]]. Nihilominus, Europaeorum populorum integratio facilior quam haud Europaeorum populorum fuit, quod culturales obices et discrimen sociale causavit.

===Linguae===
[[Fasciculus:Langues de la France.svg|thumb|Diffusio linguarum regionum in Francia.]]
[[Lingua Francogallica]] seu [[lingua Francica]] ex Francicā mediaevali progressa est, quā [[Medium Aevum|Medio Aevo]] incolae regionis hodiernae [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insulae Franciae]] locuti sunt. Ut reges Franciae imperium protenderent, sic lingua Francogallica diffusa est. Iam anno [[1539]] [[Franciscus I (rex Franciae)|Franciscus I]] rex constituit ut lingua Francogallica sit unica regni sui lingua publica. Nihilominus, [[saeculum 18|saeculo duodevicensimo]] exeunte, tantum fere media regi subiectorum pars Francogallice locuti sunt.&lt;ref&gt;Haensch et Tümmers 1993:247.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Res novae Francicae|Rebus novis Francicis]] confectis, linguae regionales publice oppugnatae sunt; anno [[1951]] demum per [[Lex Deixonne|Legem Deixonne]] (Francice ''Loi Deixonne'') ut linguae regionales docerentur concessum est.&lt;ref&gt;Günther et Tümmers 1993:251.&lt;/ref&gt; Etiam his diebus, articulo altero constitutionis anni [[1958]] constitutum est ut [[lingua Francica]] sit unica publica reipublicae lingua. Non solum est lingua in Franciā passim adhibita, sed etiam instrumentum [[cultura]]e Francicae in [[tellus|toto orbe terrarum]]. Linguae regionales propter migrationes et nimiam linguae Francogallicae gravitatem (etiam in [[Media communicationis socialis|mediis commonicationis socialis]]) periclitantur. Francia [[Europaea de linguis regionalibus ac minoribus Charta|Europaeam de linguis regionalibus ac minoribus Chartam]] quidem subscripsit, pactum tamen non sanxit, quod partes chartae cum constitutione Franciae non conveniunt. Ab anno [[2008]], linguae regionales in articulo 75-1 constitutionis Franciae hereditas culturalis dicuntur.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Droit-francais/Constitution/Constitution-du-4-octobre-1958#eztoc2178_0_14_96 Litterae constitutionis (Francice) in pagina legifrance.gouv.fr].&lt;/ref&gt;

Linguae regionum in Francia sunt
* Linguae Francogallicae ([[Langues d’oïl]]) in Franciā septentrionali, quae partim [[dialectos|dialecti]] [[lingua Francogallica|linguae Francogallicae]] habentur, utputa [[Lingua Picardica|Picardica]], [[Lingua Normannica|Normannica]], [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonica]], [[lingua Pictavino-Santonica|Pictavino-Santonica]], [[lingua Vallonica|Vallonica]] et [[lingua Campanica|Campanica]]
* [[Lingua Arpitanica|Arpitanica]] ((''Franco-Provençal'') in Franciā in pristinā regione [[Sabaudia|Sabaudiā]] (sed etiam in [[Italia|Italiā]] et [[Helvetia|Helvetiā]]) adhibita
* [[Lingua Occitana|Occitana]] in Franciā meridianā
* [[Lingua Catalana|Catalana]] in praefecturā [[Pyrenaeus Orientalis|Pyrenaeo Orientali]]
* [[Lingua Alemannica|Alemannica]] in [[Alsatia|Alsatiā]]
* [[Lingua Lotharingica (Theodisca)|Lotharingica (Theodisca)]] in Franciā boreoccidentali
* [[Lingua Vasconica|Vasconica]] cum dialectis suis in Franciā austro-occidentali
* [[Lingua Britonica|Britonica]] in [[Britannia Minor|Britanniā Minore]]
* [[Lingua Corsica|Corsica]] in insulā [[Corsica|homonymā]]
* [[Lingua Batava|Batava Belgica]] in Franciā septentrionali
* Praeterea multae aliae linguae ab illis, qui in Franciam immigraverunt, necnon ab incolis territoriorum transmarinorum adhibentur.

=== Religiones ===
[[Fasciculus:Facade de Notre Dame de Reims.png|thumb|left|alt=Notre-Dame de Reims façade, gothic stone cathedral against blue sky|[[Ecclesia cathedralis Remensis]] cathedralis Catholica Romana est ubi [[Reges Franciae]] usque ad annum [[1825]] coronati sunt.]]
Francia est res publica [[laicismus|laicistica]], id est: [[civitas]] et [[religio]]nes plane separatae sunt. Cum a magistratibus nulla de religionibus fidelibusque indicia colligantur, numeri eorum, qui singulis religionibus adhaerent, non nisi taxatione circumscribi possunt. Indicia communitatum religiosarum inter se saepe valde differunt, quare etiam numeri sequentes non nisi cautelā tractandi sunt. Secundum [[periodicum]] ''Le Monde des religions,'' 51 centesimae Francogallorum se esse [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholicos]], 31 centesimae nulli religioni adhaerere, fere 9 centesimae [[Musulmanus|Musulmanos]], 3 centesimae se esse [[Protestantes]] affirmant. Paene omnes ecclesiae Protestantes Franciae, quarum [[Ecclesia Reformata Franciae]] (Francice ''L’Église réformée de France'') est maxima, in [[Foederatio Protestantica Franciae|Foederatione Protestanticā Franciae]] (Francice ''Fédération protestante de France'') collaborant. Fere 1 centesima incolarum se [[Iudaei|Iudaeos]] esse confitentur. Ex his indiciis, sequitur in Francia esse 32 milliones Catholicorum, 5.7 milliones Musulmanorum, 1.9 milliones Protestantium et 600&amp;thinsp;000 [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]], praeterea 20 milliones hominum, qui nulli religioni adhaerent. 6% quaesitorum alia vel nihil dicunt. Catholicorum, ut ex quaestionibus concluditur, tantum parva pars re verā inter credentes numerari potest vel [[liturgia]]s frequentat, sed contra sunt etiam, qui traditionem Catholicam cum magno rigore ac diligentissime sequantur. Praeterea sunt in Franciā plus quam decies centena milia hominum, qui [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Ecclesiis Orthodoxis]] aut [[Ecclesiae orthodoxae orientales|Orthodoxis Orientalibus]] adhaerent, fere 600&amp;thinsp;000 [[Buddhismus|Buddhistarum]] necnon magnus numerus ad [[Hinduismus|Hindiusmum]] pertinentium.

=== Urbes ===
{{Vide-etiam|Index Urbium Franciae}}
Francia multum urbanizata natio est et [[Index Urbium Franciae|maiores urbes]] (quoad numerum incolarum in territorio urbis anno [[2016]])&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190206035205/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3682672#tableau-Figure5 &quot;Aires urbaines&quot;]. ''Insee'' (Francice). Archivatum ex originali die 6 Februarii anni 2019. Inspectum Idibus Maiis anni 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; in ordine [[Lutetia]] (cum 12 568 755 incolarum), [[Lugdunum]] (cum 2 310 850 incolarum), [[Massilia]] (cum 1 756 296 incolarum), [[Tolosa]] (cum 1 345 343 incolarum), [[Burdigala]] (cum 1 232 550 incolarum), [[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]] (cum 1 187 824 incolarum), [[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaea]] (cum 1 006 402 incolarum), [[Portus Namnetum]] (cum 961 521 incolarum), [[Argentoratum]] (cum 785 839 incolarum) et [[Condate Redonum]] (cum 727 357 incolarum) sunt (nota: significativa dissimilitudo inter numeros incolarum in territoriis urbis supra citatos et numeros inferiori in tabulā est, quae indicat numerum incolarum in [[commune|communibus]]). [[Exodus ruralis]] perenne politicum problema fuit fere toto [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100%; margin-left:0px; font-size:85%&quot;
|-
! align=center style=&quot;background:#B9D5E4;&quot; | Positio
! align=center style=&quot;background:#B9D5E4;&quot; | [[Urbs]]
! align=center style=&quot;background:#B9D5E4;&quot; | [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|Regio]]
! align=center style=&quot;background:#B9D5E4;&quot; | [[Numerus incolarum|Incolae]]
! align=center style=&quot;background:#B9D5E4;&quot; | Photographema
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 1 ||align=left | '''[[Lutetia]]''' || [[Insula Franciae (regio hodierna)|Insula Franciae]] || 2 190 327 || [[Fasciculus:La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques,_Paris_août_2014_(2).jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 2 ||align=left | '''[[Massilia]]''' || [[Provincia Alpes Litus Lazuli]] || 862 211 || [[Fasciculus:Marseille_20160813_20.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 3 ||align=left | '''[[Lugdunum]]''' || [[Arvernia Rhodanus Alpes]] || 515 695 || [[Fasciculus:Lyon_cityscape_from_Notre-Dame_de_Fourvière_-_from_Flickr.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 4 ||align=left | '''[[Tolosa]]''' || [[Occitania (regio hodierna)|Occitania]] || 475 438 || [[Fasciculus:Vue_de_Toulouse_2007.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 5 ||align=left | '''[[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaea]]''' || [[Provincia Alpes Litus Lazuli]] || 342 637 || [[Fasciculus:Une_plage_à_Nice.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 6 ||align=left | '''[[Portus Namnetum]]''' || [[Pagi Ligeris]] || 306 694 || [[Fasciculus:Ile_de_Nantes.JPG|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 7 ||align=left | '''[[Monspessulanus]]''' || [[Occitania (regio hodierna)|Occitania]] || 281 613 || [[Fasciculus:Montpellier(France)1.JL.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 8 ||align=left | '''[[Argentoratum]]''' || [[Magnus Oriens]] || 279 284 || [[Fasciculus:Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 9 ||align=left | '''[[Burdigala]]''' || [[Nova Aquitania]] || 252 040 || [[Fasciculus:Bordeaux Place de la Bourse de nuit.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 10 ||align=left | '''[[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]]''' || [[Alta Franciae]] || 232 440 || [[Fasciculus:Lille_bourse_profil.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 11 ||align=left | '''[[Condate Redonum]]''' || [[Britannia Minor (regio recentior)|Britannia Minor]] || 216 268 || [[Fasciculus:Rennes_Opéra.JPG|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 12 ||align=left | '''[[Durocortorum]]''' || [[Magnus Oriens]] || 183 113 || [[Fasciculus:Subé_Fountain,_Reims,_France.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 13 ||align=left | '''[[Sanctus Stephanus de Furano]]''' || [[Arvernia Rhodanus Alpes]] || 171 924 || [[Fasciculus:Tram_st_etienne_place_fourneyron.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 14 ||align=left | '''[[Franciscopolis (Francia)|Franciscopolis]]''' || [[Normannia (regio hodierna)|Normannia]] || 170 352 || [[Fasciculus:Le_Havre_Vue_Plage_14_07_2005.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 15 ||align=left | '''[[Telo Martius]]''' || [[Provincia Alpes Litus Lazuli]] || 169 634 || [[Fasciculus:Gare_de_Toulon.JPG|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 16 ||align=left | '''[[Gratianopolis]]''' || [[Arvernia Rhodanus Alpes]] || 158 180 || [[Fasciculus:Grenoble_july_2009.JPG|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 17 ||align=left | '''[[Divio]]''' || [[Burgundia et Liber Comitatus]] || 155 090 || [[Fasciculus:Toits-dijonnais.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 18 ||align=left | '''[[Andecavis]]''' || [[Pagi Ligeris]] || 151 229  || [[Fasciculus:La_Maine_a_Angers.jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 19 ||align=left | '''[[Nemausus]]''' || [[Occitania (regio hodierna)|Occitania]] || 151 001 || [[Fasciculus:Nîmes,_Maison_Carrée_(1._Jhdt.n.Chr.)_(46785244294).jpg|100px]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#DCE9F0;&quot; | 20 ||align=left | '''[[Villa Urbana (Lugdunensis)|Villa Urbana]]''' || [[Arvernia Rhodanus Alpes]] || 149 019 || [[Fasciculus:Place_lazare_goujon.jpg|100px]]
|}{{clear}}

==Oeconomia==
[[Fasciculus:La Défense depuis La Garenne-Colombes.jpg|thumb|upright=1.8|''[[La Défense]]'', [[Lutetia]]e, maxima [[regio mercatoria]] in [[Europa|Europā]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://ecohearth.com/eco-blogs/eco-international/835-la-defense-europes-largest-business-district-sets-a-new-standard-for-sustainable-development.html La Défense: Europe largest buisiness district Sets a New Standart for Sustainable Devloment] (Anglice) {{Wayback|url=http://ecohearth.com/eco-blogs/eco-international/835-la-defense-europes-largest-business-district-sets-a-new-standard-for-sustainable-development.html |date=20110205112759 }} - EcoHeart&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Francica oeconomia e divite modernāque oeconomiā ubi gubernii munus interventioque significativa erant in alteram plurimā cum participatione societatum privatarum et secundum [[Mercatus (oeconomia)|mercatūs]] vias fungentem transit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oeconomia&quot;&gt;Economy. France. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum 28 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Gubernium ad privatam administrationem partim aut omnino aliquas praecipuas societates -sicuti [[Air France]], [[Renault]], [[Thales (societas)|Thales]]- transtulit, quamquam gubernium adhuc dominium in campis energiae, publicae vectationis et industriae militaris servat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oeconomia&quot;&gt;Economy. France. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum 28 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Francia [[capitalismus|capitalismo]] favet, sed socialem aequalitatem per leges, stipendiarias per rationes et socialia per impensa attingere ad deminuendam redituum dissimilitudinem quaerit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oeconomia&quot;&gt;Economy. France. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum 28 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Ut membrum [[G8|Gregis Octo Civitatum]], gregis nationum industrializatissimarum; Francica oeconomia loco octavo est in toto orbe terrarum, mensurato [[Productus domesticus generalis|productū domestico generali]] iuxta cum [[Par acquirendi potestas|par acquirendi potestate]]&lt;ref&gt;Rank Order of GDP PPP. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;, et est loco sexto nominalibus terminis.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ft.com/content/abe2ffc4-c08b-11dc-b0b7-0000779fd2ac«UK slips behind France on economy»]. ''[[Financial Times]]'' (Anglice), 11-01-2008. [Inspectum die 23 Maii anni 2008].&lt;/ref&gt; Francia est loco quinto apud nationes bona exportantes et loco quarto apud nationes servitia in toto orbe terrarum exportantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sheet&quot;&gt;[https://www.economist.com/search?q=France France Fact Sheet]. ''[[The Economist]]'' (Anglice). (Die 8 Augusti anni 2008). Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Nihilominus, sumptūs reditūsque ratio 53 400 millionum dollariorum lacunam anno 2007 passa est.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sheet&quot;/&gt; Praecipuus Francicus index bursarius [[CAC 40]] est.

[[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]], cuius socia Francia est, apud [[G8|Gregis octo civitatum]] nationes Franciam productivitatis (secundum [[PDG]] pro laboris horis) ordini praeesse anno 2005 retulit.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070123075528/http://ocde.p4.siteinternet.com/publications/doifiles/012005061G006.xls «Labour productivity 2003»] ([[Microsoft Excel]]) (Anglice), anno 2005. Archivatum ex originali die 2007-01-23. [Inspectum die 20 Aprilis anni 2006].&lt;/ref&gt; Verumtamen, [[PDG]] per capita Francicus 30% minor est quam [[Statunitensis]], quod [[facultas laborandi|facultatis laborandi]] centesimae rationi attribui potest; anno [[2004]], facultatis laborandi 68,8% inter 15 et 64 annos natos laborabant, adversus 80% in [[Iaponia|Iaponiā]], 78,9% in [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]], 77,2% in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] et 71% in [[Germania|Germaniā]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]]. [https://www.oecd.org/employment/emp/35024561.pdf «OECD Employment Outlook 2005 - Statistical Annex»] (Formā [[PDF]]) (Anglice), anno 2005.] [Inspectum die 29 Iunii anni 2006].&lt;/ref&gt; Anno [[2007]], gubernium reformationem laboralem inchoavit. Francicum onus tributarium apud maiora in Europā est, prope 20% PDG anno [[2005]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oeconomia&quot;&gt;Economy. France. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum 28 Augusti anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Cum 82 millionibus periegetarum anno [[2007]], Francia est primus locus destinatus periegeticus in toto orbe terrarum.&lt;ref&gt;Rectio periegeseōs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195206/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf «Le tourisme international en France en 2007»] (Francice). Gubernium Franciae. Archivatum ex originali die 2008-12-28. [Inspectum Nonis Iuniis anni 2008].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Infrastructura==
===Energia et vectura===
[[Fasciculus:Creissels_et_Viaduct_de_Millau.jpg|thumb|[[Viaeductus Aemiliaci|Viaeductus Aemiliaci]] (Francice ''Viaduc de Millau''; [[Occitanice]] ''Viaducte de Milhau''), unus apud altissimos duos in toto orbe terrarum, pars est [[autovia]]e A75-A71, e [[Lutetia|Lutetiā]] in [[Baeterrae|Baeterras]] et [[Monspessulanus|Montempessulanum]].]]
[[Fasciculus:SNCF 253.JPG|thumb|[[Tramen]] [[TGV]] [[Lutetia]]e.]]
Francia natio minimam [[Carbonii dioxidum|carbonii dioxidi]] quantitatem emittens evolutissimas apud civitates septem in toto orbe terrarum est, quia multa pecunia collocata est in [[Energia nuclearis|energiā nucleari]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/air_co2_emissions.htm «CO2 emissions per capita in 2006»] (Anglice). Gasiorum thermocepicorum emissiones. ''Environmental Indicators''. Nationes Unitae. Augusto anni 2009. Inspectum die 10 Martii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Ut effectus magnarum collocationum pecuniae in technologiā nucleari, pleraque [[electricitas]] in Franciā producta a [[Ergasterium atomicum|ergasteriis atomicis]] 59 creatur (78% anno 2006, e solum 8% anno 1973, 24% anno 1980, et 75% anno 1990).&lt;ref&gt;DGEMP / Observatoire de l'énergie (die 7 Decembris anno 2016). [https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/production-delectricite «La production d'électricité»] (Francice). Inspectum pridie Idus Martias anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Francicum [[ferrivia]]rum rete, chiliometrorum 29 213 patens, longissimum in totā [[Europa Occidentalis|Europā Occidentali]]. A societate [[SNCF]] geritur et apud [[tramen|tramina]] perquam celeria inveniuntur [[Thalys]], [[Eurostar]] et [[TGV]], quod iter facit velocitate chiliometrorum horalium 320 usū commerciali. Eurostar, iuxta cum Diakoniā Translationis Cuniculi Freti Gallici, Franciam cum [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] per [[Cuniculus Freti Gallici|Cuniculum Freti Gallici]] conectit. Ferriviarum connexiones ad omnes vicinas nationes, [[Andorra|Andorrā]] exceptā, expanduntur. Intraurbanae connexiones quoque bene evoluta sunt, cum [[Ferrivia subterranea|ferriviae subterraneae]] et [[Currus electricus|curruum electricorum]] diakoniis diakonias [[laophorium|laophoriorum]] perficientibus.

Circiter 893 300 chiliometrorum [[autovia]]rum utilium in Franciā. Regio [[Lutetia]]e denso [[via]]rum autoviarumque reti circumdatur, quod eam cum paene totā natione connectit. Francicae viae ingentem internationalem transitum etiam sustinent, connexae cum urbibus finitimorum [[Belgica]]e, [[Hispania]]e, [[Andorra]]e, [[Principatus Monoeci|Monoeci]], [[Helvetia]]e, [[Germania]]e et [[Italia]]e. non est tributum notaculi annuum; nihilominus, autoviarum quadripertitarum usus per [[portorium|portoria]] est, exceptis vicinitatibus municipiorum magnae dimensionis. Novorum [[autocinetum|autocinetorum]] mercatus domesticis insignibus regitur, sicuti [[Renault]] (27% autocinetorum in Franciā anno 2003 venditorum), [[Peugeot]] (20,1%) et [[Citroën]] (13,5%).&lt;ref&gt;L'automobile magazine, hors-série 2003/2004 paginā 294 (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt; Amplius 70% autocinetorum novorum anno 2004 venditorum Diseliana [[motrum|motra]] habebant, valde plus quam habentia [[benzinum|benzini]] aut [[gasium liquefactum e petroleo|gasii liquefacti e petroleo]] motra.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081006095330/http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/fiches/voiture/rub3.htm «Guide pratique de l' ADEME, la voiture»] (Francice). Ademe.fr. Inspectum die 22 Octobris anni 2008. Archivatum ex originali pridie Nonas Octobres anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Francia altissimum [[viaeductus|viaeductum]] in toto orbe terrarum, [[Viaeductus Aemiliaci|Viaeductum Aemiliaci]] (Francice ''Viaduc de Millau''; [[Occitanice]] ''Viaducte de Milhau''), quoque possidet et ponderis pontes, sicuti [[Pons Normanniae]] (Francice ''Pont de Normandie''), aedificavit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074119/http://www.planete-tp.com/en/IMG/pdf/3_cle67bb35-5.pdf «The Normandy bridge: The bridge in figures»] (PDF) (Anglice). Inspectum die 10 Augusti anni 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[«Construction Facts - The Sourcebook of Statistics, Records and Resources»] (PDF) (Anglice), McGraw Hill, ''Engineering News Record'', vol. 251, No. 20a, Novembre anni 2003, inspectum die 9 Augusti anni 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunt circa 478 [[aëroportus|aëroportuum]] in Franciā, inclusis [[Aërodromus|aërodromis]]. [[Aëroportus Lutetiae Carolus de Gaulle]] (Francogallice ''Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle''), in [[Lutetia]]e vicinitatibus situs, maximus et operosissimus aëroportus est totā in natione et plerumque popularem commercialemque transitum huius nationis sustinet et Lutetiam cum paene omnibus magnis [[urbs|urbibus]] in toto orbe terrarum connectit. [[Air France]] nationalis aëronautica societas, quamquam plurimae privatae aëronauticae domesticorum internationaliumque volatuum diakonias praebent. Sunt praecipui [[portus|portūs]] decem in Franciā, quorum maximus [[Massilia]]e est, qui etiam est maximus limes cum [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mari Mediterraneo]]. 14 932 chiliometrorum [[via aquaria|viarum aquariarum]] Franciam transeuntium, incluso [[Canalis Australis|Canali Australi]] (Francogallice ''Canal du Midi''), Mare Mediterraneum cum [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] per [[Garunna|flumen Garunnam]] connectente.&lt;ref&gt;Patrimonium totius mundi UNESCO. [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/770/ «Canal du Midi»] (Anglice et Francice). whc.unesco.org. Inspectum pridie Idus Martias anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Centrale de Cruas.jpg|center|700px|thumb|Paene 80% matricis energeticae Francicae de [[energia nuclearis|energiā nucleari]] orta est, maxima centesima ratio in toto orbe terrarum.&lt;ref&gt;EnerPub (die 8 Iunii anni 2007). [https://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?idarticle=9839&amp;t=France%3A+Energy+profile&amp;idarticle=9839&amp;t=France%3A+Energy+profile «France: Energy profile»]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Anglice). ''Spero News''. Inspectum die 25 25 Augusti anni 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Hac imagine, [[ergasterium atomicum]] [[Crudatium|Crudatii]].]]

===Educatio===
[[Fasciculus:Absolute BNUS 01.JPG|thumb|Bibliotheca nationalis [[Universitas Argentinensis|Universitatis Argentinensis]], educationis superioris institutio anno [[1538]] condita.]]
In Franciā, schola publica [[laicismus|laica]] gratuitaque est.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.education.gouv.fr/le-budget-et-les-finances-du-systeme-educatif-89252 «Le coût d'une scolarité»] (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt; Quamquam non solum educatio et remuneratio docentium sed etiam programmata ad Civitatis officium pertinent, ludorum litterariorum et [[collegium (Francia)|collegiorum]] et [[lyceum (Francia)|lyceorum]] aedes ad [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|collectivitates territoriales]] spectant.&lt;ref&gt;[«Les collectivités territoriales»], in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt; Praeceptio obligatoria est pueris e sex ad sedecim annos natis. Martio anni [[2018]], praeses [[Emmanuel Macron]] se aetatem scholarizationis obligatoriam ad tres annos e regressū anni [[2019]] deminuere velle nuntiavit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lemonde.fr/education/article/2018/03/26/macron-doit-annoncer-que-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-sera-rendue-obligatoire-a-3-ans_5276773_1473685.html «Macron veut cesser « de considérer l'école maternelle comme une option»»] (Francice), in ''lemonde.fr'' (inspectum die 29 Aprilis anni 2018).&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Educatio primaria]] phasibus duabus evolvitur: primum, [[schola materna]] (Francice ''école maternelle''), quae novissimos pueros recipit eorum initio in scholā, eorum conformationi ad socialis vitae normas, eorum initiationi fundamentalia ad instrumenta sicuti sermonem et numeros;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.education.gouv.fr/l-ecole-maternelle-11534 «L'école maternelle»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt; deinde, ad sex annos natos aetatis, pueri [[schola elementaria|scholā elementariā]] (Francice ''école élémentaire'') recipiuntur, cuius primus scopus lecturam, scriptionem, calculum et educationem civicam discere est.&lt;ref&gt;«L'école élémentaire»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:École normale supérieure de Paris, 26 January 2013.jpg|thumb|[[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Schola normalis superioris]] (Francice ''École normale supérieure'' seu ''ENS'') [[Lutetia]]e, exeunte [[saeculum 18|saeculo XVIII]] condita, plures [[Praemium Nobelianum|Praemio Nobeliano]] laureatos [[per capita]] quam quaelibet institutio in toto orbe terrarum generat.&lt;ref&gt;Tom Clynes, [https://www.nature.com/news/where-nobel-winners-get-their-start-1.20757 Where Nobel winners get their start] (Anglice), [[Nature]], die 7 Octobris anni 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Educatio secundaria]] etiam cyclis duobus evolvitur: primus [[collegium (Francia)|collegio]] datur et inducit in [[diploma nationale breveti]] (Francice ''diplôme national du brevet'').&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.education.gouv.fr/le-college-4940 «Le collège»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt;; secundus autem cyclus [[Lyceum (Francia)|lyceo]] datur et inducit in examina finalia et nationalia: in [[baccalaureatus professionalis|baccalaureatum professionalem]] (Francice ''baccalauréat professionnel''), [[baccalaureatus technologicus|technologicum]] (Francice ''baccalauréat technologique'') aut [[baccalaureatus generalis|generalem]] (Francice ''baccalauréat général'') et in [[testimonium habilitatis professionalis]] (Francice ''certificat d'aptitude professionnelle'') aut in [[testimonium habilitatis professionalis agrariae]] (Francice ''certificat d'aptitude professionnelle agricole'' seu ''CAPA'') educationi agriculturali.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.education.gouv.fr/le-lycee-41642 «Le lycée»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt; Ceterum, fere 17% alumnorum educationis primariae secundariaeque scholas privatas, plerasque cum Civitate consociatas et crebro confessionales, frequentant.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.education.gouv.fr/les-etablissements-d-enseignement-scolaire-prives-2942 «Les établissements d'enseignement privés»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt;

Francogallica [[educatio superior]] ostendit singularitatem cogendi ut [[universitas|universitates]] (Francice ''universités'') et [[schola grandis|scholarum grandium]] (Francogallice ''grandes écoles'') systema inter se congruant, quo accessus habetur plerumque per idoneitatis probationem post classes praeparatorias (Francice ''classes préparatoires'').&lt;ref name=&quot;supérieur&quot;&gt;[https://www.education.gouv.fr/l-enseignement-superieur-10085 «L'enseignement supérieur»]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Francice) in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum 22 Februarii anni [[2010]]).&lt;/ref&gt; Educatio superior [[brevetum technici superioris|breveto technici superioris]] (Francice ''brevet de technicien supérieur'') et classibus praeparatoriis ad scholas grandes in [[Lyceum (Francia)|lyceis]] docetur&lt;ref name=&quot;supérieur&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; aut in sedibus privatis. Omnia diplomata in Franciā concessa in [[index diplomatum in Francia|repertorio nationali testimoniorum professionalium]] (Francice ''répertoire national des certifications professionnelles'' seu ''RNCP'') porrigenda sunt.

Francia, se ipsā [[Liberatio Franciae|liberatā]], ingens incrementum in fequentatione scholarum cognovit. Anno [[1936]], minus quam 3% classis cuiuslibet [[baccalaureus|baccalaureūs]] titulum adipiscuntur; haec centesimarum ratio in 30% anno [[1985]] et in 60% anno [[1995]] transivit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maurin&quot;&gt;Ludovicus (Louis) Maurin, ''Déchiffrer la société française'', [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[La Découverte]], [[2009]], 368 p. ([[ISBN]] 978-2-707-15413-2, [[LCCN]] 2009503665).&lt;/ref&gt; Quomodocumque, haec educationis democratizatio inaequalitatem socialem non delevit: solum 25% filiorum fabrorum inter [[1974]] et [[1978]] natorum educationis superioris diplomate honorati sunt, aliter ac 77% filiorum moderatorum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maurin&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Hae inaequalitates adhuc maiores sunt in scholis grandibus: solum 2,9% studentium a [[Schola nationalis administrationis (Francia)|Scholā nationali administrationis]] (Francice ''École nationale d'administration'' seu ''ENA'') anno [[2008]] admissorum parentem fabrum habebant.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maurin&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Secundum [[PISA|programma PISA]] ad comparanda systemata educativa nationalia, Francici systematis educativi eventūs deceptorii sunt, comparati ad alias Civitates socias [[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis|Ordinis oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190603012105/http://orientation.blog.lemonde.fr/2013/12/07/enquete-pisa-2012-la-france-decroche-en-maths-mais-remonte-en-comprehension-de-lecrit/ «Résultats de la France à l'enquête PISA 2012 scolaires]» (Francice), ¡¡[[Le Monde]]'' die 07/12/2013, ab Olivario (Olivier) Rollot.&lt;/ref&gt; imprimis ob inaequali incrementum, factā investigatione PISA anni [[2003]]. Non obstantibus cautionis consiliis, [[analphabetismus]] 3,1 milliones hominum attingebat, id est, 9% incolarum inter 18 et 65 annos natorum et qui scholam in Franciā frequentaverant.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121211143413/http://anlci.gouv.fr/fileadmin/Medias/PDF/EDITIONS/ivq_4pages.pdf Agence nationale de lutte contre l'illettrisme, des chiffres pour éclairer les décisions] (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt;

Socialis alumnorum origo scholares eorum fructūs valdissime afficit. In [[cursus elementaris secundi anni|cursū elementari secundi anni]] (Francogallice ''Cours élémentaire 2e année'' seu ''CE2''), alumni ad pauperrimam quartam portionem pertinentes media puncta credita 57 e 100 in [[lingua Francica|linguā Francicā]] et 58 in [[mathematica|mathematicā]] obtinuerunt, contra 87 et 85 respective eis ad divetissimam quartam portionem pertinentibus. Haec inaequalitas augetur post [[collegium (Francia)|collegium]], cum indice accessūs ad secundum cursum baccalaureatūs generalis aut technologici bis altiore alumnis ad ambitūs divitiores pertinentibus quam aliis alumnis.&lt;ref name=&quot;lefigaro&quot;&gt;[https://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/en-france-les-pauvres-vivent-13-ans-de-moins-que-les-riches-20190604 «En France, les pauvres vivent 13 ans de moins que les riches»] (Francice), in ''www.lefigaro.fr'', die [[4 Iunii]] [[2019]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Prima [[Ministerium Educationis nationalis (Francia)|Ministerii Educationis nationalis]] evaluatio &quot;continuitatem paedagogicam&quot; positivam per interclusionem tempore [[pandemia]]e [[COVID-19]] esse revelavit. Secundum demoscopiam, magistri septem e decem et parentes octo e decem contenti putati sunt.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/confinement-scolaire-un-bilan-officiel-tres-positif-sauf-en-education-prioritaire-20200724 «Confinement scolaire: un bilan officiel plutôt positif sauf en éducation prioritaire»], in ''Le Figaro'' (inspectum die 24 Iulii anni 2020).&lt;/ref&gt;

===Valetudo===
[[Fasciculus:P1000513 Paris XIII Salpetrière reductwk.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Valetudinarium Pitié-Salpêtrière]] (Francice ''Hôpital de la Salpêtrière''), [[valetudinarium]] docens [[Lutetia]]e.]]
Francogallicum valetudinis systema primo loco in toto orbe terrarum collocabatur secundum [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|OMS]] anno [[1997]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html The ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis] (Anglice) in  ''photius.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; et postea rursus anno [[2000]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper30.pdf Measuring overall health system performance for 191 countries] (Anglice).&lt;/ref&gt; Valetudinis systema plerumque gratuitum est hominibus [[morbus|morbis]] chronicis (Francice ''affections de longues durées'') affectis; sicuti [[Cancer (morbus)|cancro]], [[Morbus deficientiae immunitatis acquisitae|sidā]] aut [[fibrosis cystica|fibrosi cysticā]]. Media [[exspectatio vitae]] in natū 77 anni viribus et 84 anni feminis sunt, apud altiores in [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaeā]].&lt;ref&gt;[Espérance de vie, taux de mortalité et taux de mortalité infantile dans le monde] (Francice), [[INSEE]].&lt;/ref&gt; Sunt 3,22 medici pro milibus incolarum in Franciā,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/ Nombre de médecins pour 1000 habitants] in ''statistiques-mondiales.com'' (Francice).&lt;/ref&gt; dum medius valetudinis sumptus per capita 4 719 [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] anno [[2008]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/ Dépenses de santé par habitants] (Francice) in ''statistiques-mondiales.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; Anno [[2007]], erant circiter 140 milia incolarum (0,4%) in Franciā quae [[sida]]m aut [[HIV]] patebantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;France FactBook&quot;&gt;«France» (Anglice). ''The World Factbook''. [[CIA]]. 2009. Inspectum [[10 Martii]] anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Quamquam Francici unam strigosioribus e gentibus apud nationes progressas esse putantur,&lt;ref name=&quot;NY Times&quot;&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/04/world/europe/even-the-french-are-fighting-obesity.html Even the French are fighting obesity] (Francice), pridie Kalendas Maias in ''[[The NY Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily Finance&quot;&gt;[https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=3_cc-session_6151c126-3e53-47ce-b584-044d64b244d6 France's obesity crisis: All those croissants really do add up, after all]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (Anglice), pridie Kalendas Aprilis anni 2010, in ''[[Daily Finance]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Francia, sicuti aliae nationes divites, crescentem recentemque [[obesitas|obesitatis]] [[epidemia]]m obit, praesertim propter [[Cibus promptus|cibi prompti]] substitutionem in locum salutaris traditionalis coquinae Francicae alimentatiis in moribus Francicis.&lt;ref name=&quot;NY Times&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily Finance&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;France heading&quot;&gt;[https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2006/02/01/France-heading-for-US-obesity-levels-says-study France heading for US obesity levels says study] (Anglice), in ''Food Navigator''.&lt;/ref&gt; Nihilominus, Francicus index obesitatis valde inferior est [[Statunitensis|Statunitensi]] (verbi gratiā, index obesitatis in Franciā idem Statunitensi erat in annis 1970)&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily Finance&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; et adhuc infimus est in [[Europa|Europā]]&lt;ref name=&quot;France heading&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab auctoritatibus nunc putatur unum praecipua apud problemata valetudinis publicae&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2006/09/14/New-French-food-guidelines-aimed-at-tackling-obesity «New French food guidelines aimes at tabkling obesity»] (Anglice). ''Nutraingredients.com''. Inspectum die 9 Augusti anni 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; et auctoritates ferociter obesitati obviam eunt; index obesitatis infantilis in Franciā deminuitur, dum adhuc crescit aliis in nationibus.&lt;ref&gt;Petah Marianus (Marian) (23 Maii anni 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220108001242/https://www.just-food.com/analysis/france-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity «France urged to get tough on child obesity»] (Anglice) in ''just-food.com''. Inspectum die 9 Augusti anni 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Scientia et technologia===
[[Fasciculus:Ariane 5 Le Bourget FRA 001.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Rocheta]] [[Ariane 5]], [[Systema enissionis deponibilis|spatiale vehiculum reciprocum deponibile]], a societate [[Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus]] fabricata.]]
Abusque [[Medium aevum|Medio aevo]], Francia praecipuas apud nationes scientifica in bona contribuentes est. Ineuns circa [[saeculum 11|saeculum XI]], [[Papa]] [[Silvester II]] [[abacus|abacum]] et [[sphaera armillaris|sphaeram armillarem]] denuo introduxit et [[Numeri Arabici|numeros Arabicos]] et [[horologium|horologia]] [[Europa Septentrionalis|Europae Septentrionali]] et [[Europa Occidentalis|Occidentali]] obtulit.&lt;ref&gt;Gulielmus (William) Godwin (1876). [https://archive.org/details/livesnecromance04godwgoog «Lives of the Necromancers»]. p. 232. Inspectum pridie Kalendas Iunias anni 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Universitas Parisiensis]] (Francogallice ''Université de Paris''), medio [[saeculum 12|saeculo XII]] condita, adhuc est una praecipuas apud [[universitas|universitates]] in [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Mundo Occidentali]].&lt;ref&gt;Andreas (André) Thuilier, ''Histoire de l’université de Paris et de la Sorbonne'', Lutetiae, Nouvelle librairie de France, 1994.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Saeculum 17|Saeculo XVII]], [[Renatus Cartesius]] [[Rationalismus|methodum recte regendae rationis et veritatis in scientiis investigandae]] definivit, dum [[Blasius Pascalis]] praeclarus factus est sua propter opera de [[Probabilitas|probabilitate]] et [[mechanica|mechanicā]] [[fluidum|corporum fluidorum]]. Ambo egregii [[Revolutio scientifica|Revolutionis scientificae]] viri fuerunt quae in [[Europa|Europā]] eodem tempore exarsit. [[Academia Scientiarum Francica]] (Francice ''Académie des sciences'') a [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovico XIV]] condita est ad incitandum et protegendum animum Gallicae investigationis scientificae. Apud progressūs scientifici praecursores in Europā [[saeculum 17|saeculis XVII]] et [[saeculum 18|XVIII]]. Cui est una praecipuas apud academias scientiarum.&lt;ref&gt;Moak, David, ed. (2007). ''[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0000.874?view=text;rgn=main The Encyclopedia of Diderot &amp; d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project]''. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library. pp. 54–55.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Illuminismus|Illuminismi]] tempus biologi [[Georgius Ludovicus Leclerc de Buffon|Buffoni]] et chemici [[Antonius Lavoisierius]] operibus notatum est, qui [[Oxygenium|oxygenii]] munus in [[combustio]]ne invenit, dum [[Dionysius Diderotus]] et [[Ioannes Baptista Le Rond d'Alembert]] ''[[Encyclopédie|Encyclopediam]]'' in lucem dederunt, quae ad praebendum accessum ad &quot;cognitionem utilem&quot; populo ordinatur, cognitionem quae cotidianae vitae adhibere possint.&lt;ref&gt;Burke, Petrus (Peter), ''A social history of knowledge: from Gutenberg to Diderot'', Malden: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2000, p.17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Per [[Conversio industrialis|Conversionem industrialem]], [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]], magnifici processūs scientifici in Franciā evenerunt cum scientificis sicuti [[Augustinus Ioannes Fresnel|Augustino Ioanne Fresnel]], hodiernae [[optica]]e conditore; [[Nicolaus Leonardus Sadi Carnot|Nicolao Leonardo Sadi Carnot]], [[thermodynamica]]e bases divulgante; aut [[Ludovicus Pasteur|Ludovico Pasteur]], uno apud [[microbiologia]]e praenuntios. Alii Francici egregii [[saeculum 19|saeculi XIX]] scientifici sua nomina in [[Turris Eiffeliana|Turri Eiffelianā]], [[Lutetia]]e, inscripta habent.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.toureiffel.paris/fr «The 72 Scientists»] (aliquot linguis). Turris Eiffeliana. Inspectum pridie Kalendas Februarias.&lt;/ref&gt;

Francicos apud claros [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] scientificos, sunt mathematicus physicusque [[Henricus Poincaré]]; physici [[Antonius Henricus Becquerel]] et [[Petrus Curie|Petrus]] et [[Maria Curie]], celebres ob opera de [[Radioactivitas|radioactivitate]]; physicus [[Paulus Langevin]]; aut virologus [[Lucas Montagnier]], [[Virus immunodeficientiae humanae|vīri HIV]] et [[sida]]e coinventor. Usque ad annum [[2012]], Galli 68 [[Praemium Nobelianum|Praemio Nobeliano]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/ «All Nobel Prizes»] (Anglice). Nobel Media. Inspectum die 10 Octobris anni 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; laureati sunt et undecim [[Numisma Fieldianum]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal «List of Fields Medallists»] (. [Unio mathematica internationalis]. Inspectum die 10 Octobris anni 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; acceperunt.

===Media communicationis===
Apud [[diarium|diaria]] venditione in Franciā praecellentissima ''[[Le Parisien|Le Parisien Aujourd'hui en France]]'' (cum 460 000 quotidie venditorum), ''[[Le Monde]]'' et ''[[Le Figaro]]'', circiter cum 300 000 exemplarium quotidie venditorum, sunt; sed etiam ''[[L'Équipe]]'', [[ars athletica|artium athleticarum]] nuntiis dedicatum.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) OJD, [&quot;Observatoire de la Presse&quot;, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100507013851/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQN/ Presse Quotidienne Nationale].&lt;/ref&gt; Antehac, diaria gratuita optime perruperunt, cum magis quam diariorum ''[[Metro International|Metro]]'', ''[[20 minutes (Francia)|20 minutes]]'' et ''[[Direct Plus]]'' exemplarium 650 000 respective distributa essent.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) OJD, Presse Gratuite d'Information. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101204123544/http://www.ojd.com/pgi/section Archivatum] pridie Nonas Decembres in [[Wayback Machine]]. Novembre anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Nihilominus, maximus exemplarium numerus regionali diario ''[[Ouest-France]]'' attactus est, cum plus quam 750 000 exemplarium venditorum, dum alii regionalia diaria quinquaginta quoque magnas venditiones habent.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) Observatoire de la Presse, Presse Quotidienne Régionale et Départementale. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100507014206/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQRD/ Archivatum] Nonis Maiis anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]].&lt;/ref&gt; Commentariorum hebdomadalium campus diversificatior potentiorque est, cum amplius 400 specialium commentariorum hebdomadalium hac in natione typis editorum.&lt;ref&gt; (Francice) Observatoire de la Presse, Presse Magazine – Synthèse. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204536/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PMAG Archivatum] die 29 Septembris anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Validissimos apud nuntiorum commentarios, sunt partium sinistrarum ''[[L'Obs]]'', centristicus ''[[L'Express]]'' et partium dexterarum ''[[Le Point]]'' (cum amplius exemplarium 400 000),&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) Observatoire de la Presse, Presse News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204512/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_NEWS Archivatum] die 29 Septembris anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]].&lt;/ref&gt; sed maximus exemplarium numerus apud commentarios hebdomadales attingitur televisificis muliebribusque commentariis, apud quos ''[[Marie Claire]]'' et ''[[Elle (commentarius)|Elle]]'' sunt, peregrinas versiones habentes. Validos apud commentarios hebdomadales etiam sunt investigationis satiricique commentarii ''[[Le Canard enchaîné]]'', ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' non minus quam ''[[Paris Match]]''. Ad instar plerorumque industrializatarum nationum, [[impressio|scripta typis edita]] magnā difficultate praeterito decennio affecta sunt. Anno [[2008]], gubernium praecipium ad impulsum incubuit ut iuvet huic campo ad se emendadum et ad fiendum pecuniarie independentem;&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) ''The Telegraph'', [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/3125110/Nicolas-Sarkozy-French-media-faces-death-without-reform.html Nicolas Sarkozy: French media faces 'death' without reform]. Die 2 Octobris anni 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) Francici gubernii propylon, Lancement des états généraux de la presse. [[Archivatum]] die 25 Iunii anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]].&lt;/ref&gt; sed anno [[2009]] 600 000 [[euro]]num scriptis typis editis dare debuit ut [[crisis oeconomica|crisi oeconomicae]] opponerentur, exsistentia praeter subsidia.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) Angelica (Angelique) Chrisafis Lutetiae (die 23 Ianuarii anni 2009). [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/23/sarkozy-pledges-state-aid-to-newspapers &quot;Sarkozy pledges €600m to newspapers&quot;]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. Londinii. Consultum die 21 Iunii anni 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Le Figaro logo.png|thumb|left|alt=masthead of Le Figaro newspaper|''[[Le Figaro]]'' anno 1826 conditum est; multi insignioribus ex auctoribus in Franciā in eius columnis per decennia scripserunt et adhuc praecipuum habetur.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Le-Figaro &quot;Le Figaro&quot;]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Anno [[1974]], post annos centralizati monopolii super radiophoniā televisioneque, publica procuratio [[Office de radiodiffusion-télévision française|ORTF]] scissa est aliquot in nationalia instituta, sed iam exsistentes stationes televisificae tres et radiophonicae stationes quattuor penes civitatem manserunt.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) Radio France, &quot;L'entreprise&quot;, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722004341/http://www.radiofrance.fr/lentreprise/reperes/statuts/ Repères].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vie Publique&quot;&gt;(Francice) [https://www.vie-publique.fr/eclairage Vie Publique, Chronologie de la politique de l'audiovisuel].&lt;/ref&gt; Fuit anno [[1981]] cum gubernium liberam emissionem hac in natione sivit, sic finito publico radiophoniae monopolio.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vie Publique&quot;/&gt; Francica televisio insequentibus duobus decenniis partim [[Liberatio oeconomica|liberata]] est, creatis aliquot commercialibus stationibus, imprimis gratiā televisionis caplaris satellitalisque. Anno [[2005]], nationalis diakonia Télévision Numérique Terrestre televisionem digitalem totam in nationem introduxit, quod aliarum stationum creationem sivit.

Exsistentes nationales stationes quattuor proprietas sunt publicae societatis [[France Télévisions]], cuius pecunia praeconialibus reditibus et permissionum televisificarum tributis suppeditatur. Publica societas emissoria [[Radio France]] nationales radioponicas stationes quinque gerit. Publica apud haec media sunt [[Radio France Internationale]], programmata Francice totum per orbem terrarum emittens, non minus quam Francica-Germanica statio televisifica [[TV5 Monde]]. Anno [[2006]] gubernium universa statio nuntiorum televisificorum [[France 24]] creavit. Longinquae stationes televisificae [[TF1]] (anno 1987 privatizata), [[France 2]] et [[France 3]] maiores spectatorum numeros habet, dum stationes radiophonicae [[RTL]], [[Europe 1]] et publica [[France Inter]] apud minus auditas sunt.

== Cultura et artes ==
[[Fasciculus:La Liberté guidant le peuple - Eugène Delacroix - Musée du Louvre Peintures RF 129 - après restauration 2024.jpg|thumb|left|[[Marianna]] (Francice ''Marianne'') in picturā ''[[Libertas populum ducens]]'', ab [[Eugenius Delacroix|Eugenio Delacroix]].]]
Francia multa saecula est sedes [[cultura]]e confectae: multi artifices Francici fuerunt inter celeberrimis eorum temporis, et Francia iam cognoscitur et admirationi est ob suam copiosam [[cultura]]e memoriam. Continua regimina politica [[ars|artis]] fabricationem semper promoverunt, et inauguratio [[Ministerium Culturae (Francia)|Ministerii Culturae]] anno [[1959]] culturale civitatis patrimonium conservare adiuvat et in publicum prodit. Ministerium Culturae subsidia artificibus concedit, culturam Francicam per mundum promovet, ferias et alios [[cultura]]e eventūs sustinet, [[Monumentum historicum|monumenta historica]] tutatur. Praeterea, gubernatio Francica [[exceptio culturae|legitimam culturae exceptionem]] prospere sustentat, ut opera [[audiovisualis|audiovisualia]] intra rem publicam confecta defendat.

Francia est civitas quae maximum mundi numerum [[periegesis|peregrinatorum]] quotannis accipit, praecipue ob [[institutum|instituta]] [[cultura]]e et [[aedificium|aedificia]] [[historia|historica]] omnem per terram inserta. Reipublicae sunt circa mille ducenta [[museum|museorum]], quae plusquam quingenties centena milia hominum quotannis invisunt.&lt;ref&gt;Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, &quot;Cultura statistics,&quot; [https://web.archive.org/web/20120118171647/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/deps/2008/pdf/minichiffrescles2010-en.pdf Graves numeri.]&lt;/ref&gt; Gravissimi culturae sitūs a gubernatione administrantur, exempli gratiā ab officio publico [[Centrum monumentorum nationalium|Centro monumentorum nationalium]] (Francice ''Centre des monuments nationaux''), quod circa [[centum]] [[monumentum historicum|historica civitatis monumenta]] procurat. Fere 43&amp;thinsp;180 [[aedificium|aedificia]] ut [[monumentum|monumenta]] historica protecta, plerumque domicilia (multa [[castella]]) et [[templum|templa]] religiosa ([[ecclesia cathedralis|cathedrales]], [[basilica|basilicas]], [[ecclesia]]s), sed etiam signa, [[monumentum|lapides memoriales]], et [[hortus|hortos]] comprehendunt.

===Bellae artes===
[[Fasciculus:Claude_Monet_023.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Claudius Monet]] [[Impressionismus|motum impressionisticum]] condidit. (''Femme avec un parasol'', anno [[1886]], in [[Museum Orsay|Museo Orsay]]).]]
Primae artificiosae manifestationes [[Praehistoria|Praehistorico]] a tempore, Francocantabrico stilo, oriuntur. [[Renovatio Carolingiana|Carolingianum tempus]] natum scholae [[Manuscriptum illuminatum|illuminatorum]] signat, quae totum [[Medium aevum]] perdurabit et ad culmen perveniet cum [[Manuscriptum illuminatum|illuminatione]] libri ''[[Les très riches heures du duc de Berry]]''. Classici Francici [[saeculum 17|saeculi XVII]] pictores [[Nicolaus Poussin]] et [[Claudius Lorrain]] sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopaedia Britannica&quot;&gt;[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] (ed.). [https://www.britannica.com/place/France/The-fine-arts «The Fine Arts»] (Anglice). Inspectum die [[13 Martii]] anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Saeculum 18|Saeculo XVIII]] [[Genus conchatum]] praeeminet, cum [[Antonius Watteau|Antonio Watteau]], [[Franciscus Boucher|Francisco Boucher]] et [[Ioannes Honoratus Fragonard|Ioanne Honorato Fragonard]]. Exeunte hoc saeculo, incipit [[Classicismus]] [[Iacobus Ludovicus David|Iacobi Ludovici David]]. In [[Romanticismus|Romanticismo]] peritissimi sunt clari [[Theodorus Géricault]] et [[Eugenius Delacroix]]. [[Realismus (artes)|Realistica]] [[Schola Barbitionensis|Scholae Bartionensis]] (Francice ''École de Barbizon'') [[pictura topiaria]] perrecta est ab artificibus cum realismo testimonialiore de realitate illius temporis sociali, sicuti [[Ioannes Franciscus Millet|Ioanne Francisco Millet]] et [[Gustavus Courbet|Gustavo Courbet]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopaedia Britannica&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; In Franciā, [[sculptura]] multimodis evoluta est, sed omnibus in generibus eminens: [[Aevum praehistoricum|Praehistorico]], [[Ars Romana|Romano]], [[Ars Romanica|Romanico]], [[Ars Gothica|Gothico]], [[Renascentia litterarum|Anagenetico]]&lt;ref&gt;{{DAEL}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Barocus|Baroco]] ac [[Genus conchatum|Conchato]], [[Neoclassicismus|Neoclassico]] (ubi eminet [[Fridericus Augustus Bartholdi]] cum ''[[Statua Libertatis|Statuā Libertatis]]''), [[Romanticismus|Romantico]] (ubi eminet [[Augustus Rodin]] cum ''[[Cogitator]]e'') et [[Ars hodierna|Hodierno]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopaedia Britannica&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Secundo [[saeculum 19|saeculi XIX]] dimidio, Franciae influxus in picturam adhuc maioris ponderis factus est, cum nova sculpturae genera evolverentur sicuti [[Impressionismus]] et [[Symbolismus (artes)|Symbolismus]]. Impressionistas apud pictores in illo tempore clarissimos [[Camillus Pissarro]], [[Eduardus Manet]], [[Edgarus Degas]], [[Claudius Monet]] et [[Petrus Augustus Renoir]] sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guide&quot;&gt;[https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/learn-about-art/guide-to-impressionism «Guide to Impressionism»]. Nationalgallery.org.uk (Anglice). Inspectum die 22 Iulii anni 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; In secundā Impressionistarum pictorum aetate, quoque artificiosarum evolutionum praecursores erant [[Paulus Cézanne]], [[Paulus Gauguin]], [[Henricus de Toulouse-Lautrec]] et [[Georgius Seurat]]; non minus quam [[Fauvismus|Fauvistae]] artifices [[Henricus Matisse]]], [[Andreas Derain]] et [[Mauritius de Vlaminck]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NGA&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101105195501/http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/index.shtm National Gallery of Art (United States)], (Anglice). Inspectum Idibus Martiis anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RFI&quot;&gt;(Francice) RFI, Vlaminck, version fauve. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120345/http://www.rfi.fr/culturefr/articles/098/article_63189.asp Archivatum] die 10 Octobris anni 2017, in [[Wayback Machine]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Multa [[museum|musea]] in Franciā sculpturis et picturae operibus totim aut partim dedicantur. Ingens antiquorum operum ante aut per [[saeculum 18|XVIII]] creatorum collectio in [[Museum Luparense|Museo Luparensi]] exhibetur, sicuti pictura ''[[Iucunda]]'', usitatissime ''Mona Lisa'' appellata. Dum [[Lupara (palatium)|Palatium Luparense]] diu museum fuit; [[Museum Orsay]] anno [[1986]] antiquā in [[statio ferriviaria|statione ferriviariā]] inauguratum est, ut denuo ordinarentur magnae nationales artis collectiones et Francicae secundi [[saeculum 19|saeculi XIX]] dimidii picturae, praesertim motuum Impressionismi et Fauvismi, congregarentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Orsay&quot;&gt;(Francice et Anglice) [https://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr Musée d'Orsay (official website), History of the museum – From station to museum]. Inspectum die 14 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ars moderna|Moderna opera]] in [[Museum nationale Artis modernae|Museo nationali Artis modernae]] (Francice ''Musée national d'Art moderne'') exhibentur, cuius domicilium anno [[1976]] immutatum est in [[Centrum nationale artis et culturae Georgii Pompidou|Centro Pompidou]] (Francice ''Centre Pompidou''). Ista tria publica musea propemodum 17 [[millio]]nes hominum quotannis recipiunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ministerium Turismi Franciae&quot;&gt;(Francice) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511093631/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/stat_etudes/memento/2009/sites.pdf Ministerium Turismi Franciae]. Inspectum die 14 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Alia apud nationalia musea picturas continentia [[Magnum Palatium]], cum 1,3 [[millio]]nibus salutatorum, est; sed etiam sunt plurima musea ad urbes pertinentia, apud quae eminet [[Museum Artis modernae Lutetiae]] (Francice ''Musée d'Art moderne de Paris''), cum 800 milibus salutatorum anno 2008, [[Ars hodierna|opera hodierna]] continens.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ministerium Turismi Franciae&quot;/&gt;

===Litterae===
{{Vide-etiam|Litterae Franciae}}
[[Fasciculus:Molière_-_Nicolas_Mignard_(1658).jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Molière]], unus apud [[satura|satiricae]] [[comoedia]]e magistros putatus.]]
[[Fasciculus:Victor Hugo by Étienne Carjat 1876 - full.jpg|upright|left|thumb|[[Victor Hugo]], unus clarissimos apud viros in [[Litterae|litteris]] Franciae, cuius solletia cum eā [[Ludovicus Camonius|Camonii]] et eā [[Gulielmus Shakesperius|Shakesperii]] confertur.]]
[[Litterae Franciae]] antiquissimae originem trahunt a [[medium aevum|medio aevo]], cum [[terra]] quae hodie praesens Francia habetur communem uniformemque sermonem etiam non habebat.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]. [https://www.britannica.com/art/French-literature «French literature»]. Inspectum die 15 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Franciscus Rabelaesus]] insignis [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]] scriptor Rabelaesus fuit, cuius [[mythistoria]] ''[[Gargantua (Rabelaesus)|Gargantua]]'' clara aestimataque usque ad hodiernum tempus manet. [[Michael Montanus]] alius litterarum Francicarum clarus vir fuit idem per saeculum, cuius celeberrimum opus, ''[[Progymnasmata]]'' (Francice ''Essais''), litterarum genus [[progymnasma]] creavit.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110525201508/http://www.humanistictexts.org/montaigne.htm &quot;Montaigne.&quot;] Humanistictexts.org, inspectum die 15 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Per [[saeculum 17|saeculum XVII]], [[Domina de La Fayette]] mythistoriam ''[[Principissa Cliviae]]'' (Francice ''La Princesse de Clèves'') anonyme typis edidit, quae una primarum [[mythistoria psychologica|psychologicarum mythistoriarum]] unquam habetur.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) [http://www.radiodramareviews.com/id438.html &quot;La Princesse de Cleves by Madame de Lafayette, adapted by Jo Clifford.&quot;] Radiodramareviews.com. Pridie Kalendas Martias 2010. Inspectum die 15 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ioannes Fontana]] est clarissimos apud [[apologus|fabulatores]]&lt;ref&gt;{{DAEL}}&lt;/ref&gt; illius temporis, auctor apologorum sicuti ''[[De cicada et formica|De cicadā et formicā]]''. Cuius apologi a Francicorum alumnorum aetatibus disci debuerunt, qui iuvenes ad sapientiam sesumque communem docendos adiuvare credebantur. Quorum quoque aliquot versūs in sermonem cottidianum intraverunt ut proverbia fierent, sicuti &quot;''À l'oeuvre, on connaît l'artisan''&quot;, quod significat &quot;In opere, fabrem cognoscimus&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Fontana, ''Fables'' (1668–1679), I., 21, Les Frelons et les Mouches à miel; reported in Thomas Benfield Harbottle and Philip Hugh Dalbiac, Dictionary of Quotations (Francice, Italice et Anglice) (1904), p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ioannes Racine]], cuius mirifica [[versus Alexandrinus|versūs Alexandrini]] et [[lingua Francica|linguae Francicae]] calliditas per saecula laudata est, ludos scaenicos sicuti ''[[Phèdre (Racine)|Phaedra]]'' et ''[[Britannicus (Racine)|Britannicus]]'' creavit. Qui, iuxta cum [[Petrus Cornellius|Petro Cornellio]] (et suo ludo scaenico ''[[Le Cid (Cornellius)|Sidi]]'') et [[Molière]], unus magnos apud tres dramaturgos aetatis aureae Francicae habetur. [[Molière]], qui unus apud maiores [[comoedia]]e scriptores [[litterae|litterarum]] [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentalium]] putatur,&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice)  Hartnoll, Phyllis (ed.). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1983, Oxford University Press, p. 554.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ludus scaenicus|fabularum scaenicarum]] decusses scripsit, apud quas excellunt ''[[Le Misanthrope ou l'Atrabilaire amoureux|Misanthropus]]'', ''[[Avarus]]'', ''[[Le Malade imaginaire|Aeger simulatus]]'' et ''[[Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme|Burgensis Vir Nobilis]]''. Cuius fabulae scaenicae sic populares in toto orbe terrarum sunt ut lingua Francica aliquando &quot;lingua de Molière&quot; appelletur.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) Randall, Colinus (Colin) (25 Octobris anni 2004). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1475046/France-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html «France looks to the law to save the language of Molière»]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Londinii. Inspectum die 19 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Litterae et [[poësis]] Francicae vel magis [[saeculum 18|saecula XVIII]] et [[saeculum 19|XIX]] floruerunt. Clarissima [[Dionysius Diderotus|Dionysii Dideroti]] opera ''[[Jacques le fataliste|Iacobus fatalista]]'' et ''[[Le neveu de Rameau|Nepos de Rameau]]'' sunt. Nihilominus, is clarior est quia fuit praecipuus scriptor ''[[Encyclopédie|Encyclopaediae]]'', cuius propositum erat omnia eius saeculi cognita (in campis sicuti artibus, scientiis. linguis aut philosophiā) colligi et vulgo exponi ut [[ignorantia]]e et [[obscurantismus|obscurantismo]] obstetur. Idem per saeculum, [[Carolus Perraultius]] prolificus insginium [[Fabella puerilis|fabellarum puerilium]] scriptor fuit, apud quas excellunt ''[[:fr:Le_Maître_chat_ou_le_Chat_botté|Catto Cothurnato]]'', ''[[Cinerella]]'', ''[[:fr:La_Belle_au_bois_dormant|Bella Puella in Silva Sopita]]'', ''[[:fr:Le_Petit_Poucet|Polliculo]]'', ''[[:fr:La_Barbe_bleue|Barba Caerulea]]'' aut ''[[Lacernella Rubra]]''. Ineunte [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]], [[poësis]] [[Symbolismus (artes)|symbolistica]] praecipuus motus in litteris Francicis erat, cum poëtis sicuti [[Carolus Baudelaire|Carolo Baudelaire]], [[Paulus Verlaine|Paulo Verlaine]] et [[Stephanus Mallarmé|Stephano Mallarmé]].&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) [https://web.archive.org/web/20180307192737/http://users.skynet.be/litterature/symbolisme/symbolismefrancais.htm Le symbolisme français]. Archivatum Nonnis Martiis anni 2018, in [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum die 20 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Saeculum 19|Saeculo undevicensimo]], orti sunt plurimi egregii auctores Francici. [[Victor Hugo]] pluries &quot;maximus Francicus scriptor omnium temporum&quot; describitur quia eminuit omnibus in [[Genus litterarum|generibus litterarum]].&lt;ref&gt;(Francice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130723121408/http://www.lecavalierbleu.com/images/30/extrait_75.pdf «Victor Hugo est le plus grand écrivain français»] (PDF). Archivatum ex originali PDF die 23 Iulii anni 2013 in [[Wayback Machine]].&lt;/ref&gt; Cuius [[ludus scaenicus|ludi scaenici]] ''[[Cromwell (Hugo)|Cromwell]]'' prooemium praeconium [[Romanticismus|motūs Romantici]] putatur. ''[[Les contemplations|Contemplationes]]'' et ''[[La légende des siècles|Legenda saeculorum]]'' poëtica summa opera putantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Enotes&quot;&gt;[https://www.enotes.com/topics/victor-hugo/critical-essays/hugo-victor «Victor Hugo 1802–1885»]{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Enotes.com''. Inspectum die 20 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Victoris Hugo [[versiculus]] cum eo [[Gulielmus Shakesperius|Gulielmi Shakesperii]], [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantis Alagherii]], et [[Homerus|Homeri]] collatus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;Enotes&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Cuius [[mythistoria]] ''[[Les misérables|Miseri]]'' valde putatur una maiores apud mythistorias iam scriptas.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180318194508/http://www.adherents.com/people/100_novel.html «All-Time 100 Best Novels List»]. ''Adherents.com''. Inspectum die 20 Aprilis anni 2022. Archivatum die 18 Martii anni 2018 in [[Wayback Machine]].&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Praemium Goncourt]] Francicum litterarum praemium anno [[1903]] creatum est.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice). [https://www.academiegoncourt.com/?article=1229174089 La première Académie Goncourt]. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2022 – [https://www.academiegoncourt.com/ Site officiel de l'Académie Goncourt]  Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Praecipuos apud [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] scriptores, [[Marcellus Proust]], [[Ludovicus Ferdinandus Céline]], [[Albertus Camus]] et [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre]] sunt. [[Antonius de Saint-Exupéry]] opus ''[[Regulus (Saint-Exupéry)|Regulus]]'' scripsit, quod per decennia apud pueros adultosque in toto orbe terrarum pervulgatum mansit.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) [https://web.archive.org/web/20180930232031/http://www.completelynovel.com/books/50599 «The Little Prince»]. ''Completelynovel.com''. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2022. Exemplar archivatum pridie Kalendas Octobres anni 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Francia magis [[Praemium Nobelianum litterarum|Praemio Nobeliano Litterarum laureatos scriptores]] quam quaevis alia natio habet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Modiano&quot;&gt;(Anglice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141018105721/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/141009/modiano-strengthens-frances-literature-nobel-dominance Modiano strengthens France's literature Nobel dominance]. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2022. Exemplar archivatum die 18 Octobris anni 2014 in [[Wayback Machine]].&lt;/ref&gt; Primus Praemio Nobeliano Litterarum laureatus Francicus fuit, dum ultimus Francicus Nobeliano Litterarum laureatus [[Patricius Modiano]] fuit, qui hoc praemium anno [[2014]] accepit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Modiano&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre]] etiam primus candidatus in [[Consilium Nobelianum Sueticum|Consilii Nobeliani]]&lt;ref&gt;{{DAEL}}.&lt;/ref&gt; historiā fuit qui hoc praemium abnuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Modiano&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

===Musica===
[[Fasciculus:DaftAlive.jpeg|thumb|[[Daft Punk]], [[musica domestica Francica|musicae domesticae Francicae]] (Francice ''French touch'' sive ''French house'') praenuntii.]]
Francicā in [[musica|musicā]], post ante annum [[1000]], eminuit [[cantus Gregorianus]] quo [[liturgia]]e utebantur. In Franciā [[polyphonia]] creata est. Nuncupatā in [[Ars antiqua|Arte antiquā]], [[Carolus Magnus|Carolo Magno]] [[Schola cantorum|scholae cantorum]] tributae sunt anno [[783]]. ''[[Sacramenta Argentoratensia]]'' Francicum lyricum opus est maximi ponderis in [[Medium aevum|Medio aevo]], cum evoluta sunt [[carmen epicum|carmina epica]] sicuti ''[[La Chanson de Roland|Carmen Rolandi]]''.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice et Anglice). [https://books.google.es/books?id=Iy66sWy4-QMC&amp;pg=PR1&amp;dq=%22la+chanson+de+roland%22+student&amp;lr=&amp;redir_esc=y&amp;hl=es#v=twopage&amp;q&amp;f=false La Chanson De Roland: Oxford Text and English Translation]. (Fracica Editio) (v. 1) a Gerardo J. Brault (1984).&lt;/ref&gt;

Francia [[trobator]]um&lt;ref&gt;De vocabulo &quot;trobator&quot; vide [https://archive.org/stream/RevistaLusitana21/Revista_Lusitana_21_djvu.txt Revista Lusitana], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Stephanus Gomecij Aluazilis. Johannes Martinj miles dictus Trobator(...)&quot;; &quot;(...) et omnibus aliis que fuerunt Martini suerii trobatoris in villa in terminis de Riuuolo maiori (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; cunabula in [[saeculum 12|saeculo XII]] fuit, non minus quam [[Ars nova|Artis novae]] posteriorum saeculorum.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice). Duffin, Ross W. [ttps://books.google.es/books?id=z9xDFnIMRssC&amp;pg=PA190&amp;dq=&quot;ars+nova&quot;&amp;lr=&amp;as_drrb_is=b&amp;as_minm_is=0&amp;as_miny_is=1980&amp;as_maxm_is=0&amp;as_maxy_is=2009&amp;as_brr=3&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;cd=4&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=&quot;ars nova&quot;&amp;f=false ''A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music'']. Indiana University Press, 2000. p. 190.&lt;/ref&gt; Per [[Romanticismus|Romanticismum]], [[Lutetia]] musicale in centrum in toto orbe terrarum mutata est et, in praesenti, Francia privilegiatum locum in musicalis creationis campo servat gratiā novarum aetatum [[compositor]]um. Clarissimos apud Francicae [[Musica popularis|musicae popularis]] cantores, excellunt [[Editha Piaf]], [[Mireille Mathieu|Mirella Mathieu]], [[Dalida]], [[Carolus Aznavour]], [[Vanessa Paradis]], [[Sergius Gainsbourg]] et [[Gilbertus Bécaud]].&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice). Sweeney, Regina M. (2001). ''Singing Our Way to Victory: French Cultural Politics and Music During the Great War'', Wesleyan University Press. p. 23. ISBN 0-8195-6473-7.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Architectura===
[[Fasciculus:Ste Chapelle Basse s.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sancta Capella|Sanctae Capellae]] (Francice ''Sancte-Chapelle'') tectum a [[Ludovicus IX (rex Francorum)|Ludovico IX]].]]
Quod ad [[architectura]]m attinet, [[Celtae]] sua vestigia etiam reliquerunt cum [[Monolithus|monolithi]] et [[megalithus|megalithi]] erecti essent; non minus quam [[Graeci|Graecorum]] praesentia a [[saeculum 6 a.C.n.|saeculo VI a.C.n.]], quae hodie commemoratur classicā in [[Massilia]]e hereditate. [[Architectura Romana]] exempla habet [[Maison carrée|Domum quadratam]] (Francice ''Maison Carrée''), templum [[Romani antiqui|Romanum]] inter annos [[161 a.C.n.|161]] et [[138 a.C.n.]] aedificatum; aut [[Pons Gardi|Pontem Gardi]] (Francice ''Pont du Gard''), inter annos [[40]] et [[60]] constructum [[Nemausus|Nemausi]] et patrimonium universale anno [[1985]] indicatum. In Franciā inventum est [[opus francigenum]], expressum in [[Ecclesia cathedralis|cathedralibus]] sicuti [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Carnotensis|Carnotensi]], [[Ambianum|Ambianensi]], [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|Nostrae Dominae Parisiensi]] et [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Widewalls&quot;&gt;(Anglice). Widewalls (ed.). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220428135007/https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine «The Evolution of French Architectute»]. Inspectum die 28 Aprilis anni 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Renascentia litterarum|Renascentia]], in [[Italia|Italiā]] orta, architectonice indicatur optimo modo in [[Castellum Blesarum|Castello Blesarum]] (Francice ''Château de Blois'') aut [[Castellum Fontis Bleaudi|Castello Fontis Bleaudi]] (Francice ''Château de Fontainebleau'') inter alia. [[Barocus|Ars Baroca]], quoque in Italiā orta, et [[Genus conchatum|Genus Conchatum]], in Franciā inventum, splendida opera in Franciā habent. Apud quae, [[Museum Luparense]] et [[Pantheon Parisiense]] inter alia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Widewalls&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Modernismus]] in architecturā totum [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]] et [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] initium comprehendit, et [[Gustavus Eiffel]] architectonicas sui temporis theoriam praxinque permutavit in construendis colossaeis pontibus et in utendo materiis sicuti [[chalybs|chalybe]]. Celeberrimum cuius opus [[Turris Eiffeliana]] est. Alius universalis architecturae vir clarus est [[Le Corbusier]], innovator et [[functionalismus (architectura)|functionalista]] praesertim celeber urbanisticas propter contributiones aedificandis domiciliis et synthesibus habitationalibus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Widewalls&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

===Cinematographia===
[[Fasciculus:Cannes 2018 10.jpg|230px|thumb|[[Festival de Cannes|Festi Canuae]] [[tapetum purpureum]] anno [[2018]].]]
[[Cinematographia]], a [[Fratres Lumière|fratribus Lumière]] anno [[1895]] [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]] inventa, ponderis negotium in Franciā est, non obstante [[Ruscisilva|Aquifoliensi]] aemulatione, et in toto orbe terrarum. Anno [[2005]], Francia sexta effectrix cinematographica erat in mundo et prima Europaea effectrix [[Pellicula diutina|pellicularum diutinarum]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Regourd&quot;&gt;(Francice) Sergii Regourd, ''L’exception culturelle'', Lutetiae, PUF, 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; Haec vitalitas Francicā [[exceptio culturalis|exceptionis culturalis]] ratione servatur, quae, verbi gratiā, Francicarum pellicularum per [[televisio]]nem missarum portionibus ostenditur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Regourd&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Quoque exprimitur eximia per eventūs sicuti per [[Praemium César|Caesares]] (Francice ''Les César''), per [[Praemium Lumière|Praemia Lumière]] et [[Festival de Cannes|Ferias internationales cinematographiae]], [[Canua]]e anniversarie dispositas, quae est culturalis eventus vulgatissinus in toto orbe terrarum.&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) Dionysii Lim, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/arts/16iht-lim16.html?_r=1 «They'll Always Have Cannes»], [[The New York Times]], Idibus Maiis anni 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Abusque annis centum exsistens, cinematographia Francica revelatur locuples plurimis [[Dispositor cinematographicus|dispositoribus]] (apud quos [[Georgius Méliès]], [[Ioannes Lucas Godard]], [[Lucas Besson]]...), plurimis [[histrio]]nibus (apud quos [[Ioannes Marais]], [[Ludovicus de Funès]], [[Gerardus Depardieu]], [[Etheldreda Tautou]]...) et plurimis pelliculis effectis (apud quas ''[[Les Misérables (pellicula anni 1958)|Les Misérables]]'', ''[[La Grande Vadrouille]]'', ''[[Emmanuelle (pellicula)|Emmanuelle]]'', ''[[Le Grand Bleu]]'', ''[[Intouchables (pellicula)|Intouchables]]''...). Nihilominus, abusque [[anni 1980|annis 1980]], magna effectarum pellicularun pars in speciali in comoedias (sicuti ''[[Le dîner de cons]]'', ''[[Les Visiteurs]]'', ''[[Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis]]''...) et in pelliculas auctoris (sicuti ''[[La Haine]]'', ''[[Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain]]'', ''[[The Artist]]''...) flexit.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Praestantes cinematographiae Francicae homines&quot;&gt;
Fasciculus:Fratelli Lumiere.jpg|[[Fratres Lumière]].
Fasciculus:George Melies.jpg|[[Georgius Méliès]].
Fasciculus:Louis de Funès — L'Homme orchestre (1970) (recadré).jpg|[[Ludovicus de Funès]].
Fasciculus:Jean-Luc Godard at Berkeley, 1968.jpg|[[Ioannes Lucas Godard]].
Fasciculus:Catherine Deneuve Berlinale 2017.jpg|[[Catharina Deneuve]].
Fasciculus:Gérard Depardieu avp 2016 3.jpg|[[Gerardus Depardieu]].
Fasciculus:Isabelle Adjani Cannes 2018.jpg|[[Isabella Adjani]].
Fasciculus:Isabelle Huppert Cannes 2018.jpg|[[Isabella Huppert]].
Fasciculus:Audrey Tautou janvier 2016.jpg|[[Etheldreda Tautou]].
Fasciculus:Marion Cotillard at 2019 Cannes.jpg|[[Mariana Cotillard]].
Fasciculus:Christophe Lambert et Jean Dujardin (Cropped).jpg|[[Ioannes Dujardin]].
Fasciculus:Jean-Paul Belmondo Cannes 2011.jpg|[[Ioannes Paulus Belmondo]]
Fasciculus:Alain Delon en Janvier 2011.jpg|[[Alanus Delon]]
Fasciculus:Yves Montand Cannes.jpg|[[Ivo Montand]]
Fasciculus:Lino Ventura — Il Re di Poggioreale.jpg|[[Lino Ventura]]
Fasciculus:François truffaut.jpg|[[Franciscus Truffaut]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

Per [[COVID-19 pandemia|sanitatis discrimen]] in Franciā, Civitas duo [[milliardum|milliarda]] euronum iterum concessit ut sustentarentur culturales sectores. Die [[28 Augusti]] anni 2020, Primus minister [[Ioannes Castex]] 165 [[millio]]nes euronum ad sustentandam cinematographicam creationem cogitatorum duorum milliardorum euronum dandos esse nuntiavit. Praeterea, 432 milliones euronum iam destinati erant ad iuvandum spectaculi in vivo sectorem.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) [https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2020/08/28/jean-castex-annonce-un-soutien-de-165-millions-d-euros-a-la-creation-cinematographique_6050256_3246.html «Jean Castex annonce un soutien de 165 millions d’euros à la création cinématographique»], in ''[[Le Monde]]'' (Inspectum die 28 Augusti anni 2020).&lt;/ref&gt;

===Moda===
{{double image|left|Robe lacroix arles 2008.jpg|130|Chanel Haute Couture Fall-Winter 2011.jpg|295|[[Christianus Lacroix|Christiani Lacroix]] et [[Chanel]] ostensio.}} 
[[Moda]] ponderis industria in Franciā abusque [[saeculum 17|saeculo XVII]] et est adhuc hodie praecipua res vectoria culturae Francicae peregre. Ineunte [[saeculum 21|saeculo XXI]], [[Lutetia]] sibi [[caput modae|caput mundanum modae]] vindicat (tamquam [[Londinium]], [[Mediolanum]] et [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novum Eboracum]])&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) Carinae Bizet, [https://www.lemonde.fr/fashion-week/article/2016/03/07/les-stylistes-celebrent-l-art-de-vivre_4877723_1824875.html «Mode : Paris restera toujours Paris»], ''[[Le Monde]]'',‎ die 5 Martii anni 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) Paschalis Morand, «La France a du mal à assumer sa supériorité dans les domaines de la mode et du luxe», ''[[Le Monde]]'',‎ die [[28 Septembris]] anni 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; et praecipuas artificum vestiariorum sedes colligit.

[[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovico XIV]] rege,&lt;ref&gt;Kelly, 181. DeJean, capita de 2 in 4.&lt;/ref&gt; cum bonorum luxuriosorum industriae penes regem erant, Francia praepollens munus in modā adepta est. Regia Francica exquisiti iudicii elegantiaeque arbiter in Europā tunc paulatim facta est, [[saeculum 18|saeculo XVIII]]. Inter annos 1860 et 1960, summa vestificina novam dynamicam inspiravit. Enuntiatum &quot;[[summa vestificina]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Vide lemma &quot;''alta costura''&quot; apud &quot;''Dicionario galego-latino clásico e moderno''&quot; auctoris Iosephi (vulgo ''Xosé'') López Díaz.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''haute couture'') [[Lutetia]]e ortum est et originem trahit ab [[anni 1860|annis 1860]]. Hoc nomen lege protegitur, quod aliquas bonitatis normas exclusivitatemque testatur.

Per [[anni 1960|annos 1960]], summa vestificina, nimis elitistica putata, [[Cultura popularis|culturā iuvenium]] vituperatur. Anno [[1966]], vestifex&lt;ref&gt;Vide lemma &quot;''modisto''&quot; apud &quot;''Dicionario galego-latino clásico e moderno''&quot; auctoris Iosephi (vulgo ''Xosé'') López Díaz.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivo Saint Laurent]] statutas normas rupit cum [[vestis prompta|vestem promptam]]&lt;ref&gt;{{DAEL}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''prêt-à-porter'') protulisset, quod ut moda Francica serialiter fabricaretur fecit. Inter annos [[1970]] et [[1980]], [[Sonia Rykiel]], [[Theodoricus Mugler]], [[Claudius Montana]], [[Ioannes Paulus Gaultier]] et [[Christianus Lacroix]] recentissimos mores instituerunt, vi tribuendā rationi negotiatoriae fabricationique. [[Anni 1990|Annis 1990]], constituta sunt [[conglomeratum (oeconomia)|conglomerata]] congregandis aliquot Francicis vestificinis praesertim cum celeberrimis luxuriae societatibus [[LVMH]], [[Kering]] et [[L'Oréal]]. Ineuntibus [[anni 2020|annis 2020]], Francicus sector unguentarius, totim ineunti [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]] a [[Franciscus Coty|Francisco Coty]] industrializatus, praepollens in toto orbe terrarum redditus est.

===Coquina===
[[Fasciculus:Qatar inaugural (5407424518).jpg|thumb|[[Vinum Campanicum|Vini Campanici]] [[Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin]] lagonae.]]
[[Coquina]] Francica magnā existimatione fruitur, praecipue agricolaria propter producta optima: innumera [[Vinum Gallicum|vina]] ([[Vinum Campanicum|Campanicum]], [[Vinum Burdigalense|Burdigalense]], [[Vinum Burgundicum|Burgundicum]] aut [[Vinum Alsaticum|Alsaticum]] inter alia) et [[Casei Francici|caseos]] ([[Caseus Roquefortensis|Roquefortensem]], [[Camembert]]i inter alios)&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) «Top 10 Most Tasty Cuisines in the World», in ''trifter.com'' (inspectum die 14 Iunii anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) (en) Dave Emery, «Top 10 Most Tasty Cuisines in the World», in ''hotelclub.com'' (inspectum die 14 Iunii anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt;; et excellentem propter gastronomiam quae a [[saeculum 18|saeculo XVIII]] colitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dumay&quot;&gt;(Francice) Raimundi Dumay (cum praefatione Ioannis Claudii Pirotte), ''De la gastronomie française'', Lutetiae, La Table Ronde, coll. « La petite Vermillon », 2009, 211 p. (ISBN 978-2-710-33137-7).&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[Fasciculus:Demi Castelviel Gabriel Coulet.jpg|thumb|Ofella [[Caseus Roquefortensis|casei Roquefortensis]], unius celeberrimos apud [[Casei Francici|caseos Francicos]].]]
Coquina Francica valde varia est. Quae essentialiter constituitur regionalibus specialitatibus&lt;ref&gt;{{DAEL}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dumay&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, apud quas excellunt [[caulistrum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/mittelhochdeuts02ziemgoog/mittelhochdeuts02ziemgoog_djvu.txt Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch zum Handgebrauch], ubi dicitur &quot;eingemacktes sauerkraut (caulistrum&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; Alsatianum (Francice ''choucroute alsacienne''), [[quiche Lotharingiensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Quiche&quot;&gt;Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum,, auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, ubi dicitur &quot;*'''Quiche''', ''f quiche, es, f'' [2021]; ''scriblita friabilis, f'' [2002] {cibus Francogallicus} *'''~ Lorraine''', f ''quiche Lotharingiensis, f ''[2021]; ''scriblita friabilis Lotharingiensis, f'' [2002]&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''quiche lorraine''), [[rillettae]]&lt;ref&gt;Vocabulum e Francico ''rillettes'' mutuatum.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Cenomanum|Cenomanenses]] (Francice ''rillettes du Mans''), [[bubula Burgundiensis]]&lt;ref&gt;Vocabulum e Francico ''bœuf bourguignon'' translatum.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''bœuf bourguignon''), [[ficatum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide &quot;ficatum&quot; in [https://latin-words.com/ ''William Whitaker Latin Dictionary''].&lt;/ref&gt; Petrocoriense &lt;ref name=&quot;Périgord&quot;&gt;Vide &quot;Perigord&quot; in [http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0946a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann].&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''foie gras périgourdin''), [[olla phaseoli linguadociensis]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide &quot;cassoulet&quot; in [http://www.josephsusanka.com/adumbratio ''Adumbratio'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, quamquam vox &quot;linguadociensis&quot; in locum vocis &quot;Aquitanus&quot; substituitur.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''cassoulet languedocien''), [[sampsa Narbonensis]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapenade articulum &quot;Tapenade&quot; Vicipaediae Francicae in parte &quot;Historique&quot;]. De adiectivo &quot;Narbonensis&quot; vide &quot;Provenzal&quot; apud &quot;''Dicionario galego-latino clásico e moderno''&quot; auctoris Iosephi (vulgo ''Xosé'') López Díaz.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''tapenade provençale'') aut [[glomera Lugdunensia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glomus&quot;&gt;Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum,, auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, ubi dicitur &quot;'''Knödel''', m ''glomus, eris, n'' [vet.; GHL I,2943]; ''globulus, i, m'' [vet.; LEA p.315; KLW p.361,1; GHL I,2942]; ''globus, i, m'' [vet.; LMG p.347,2; KLW p.361,1; GHL I,2942]; ''pastillus convolutus, m'' [NLL p.211,1] {cibus}. '''Quenelles''' transfertur in Theodiscam linguam ''Knödel''.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francice ''quenelles lyonnaises''). Veri limites culinarii designari possunt inter septemtrionem [[butyrum|butyro]] ac [[ascalonia|ascaloniā]] utentem et meridiem [[Oleum (generale)|oleo]] ac [[Allium sativum|allio]] utentem;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dumay&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; interque regiones terrenā cum coquinā (sicuti [[Petrocorii|Petrocorios]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Périgord&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;) et alias maritimā cum alterā (sicuti [[Comitatus Provinciae|Provinciam]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Dumay&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Attamen, hae dissimilitudines hodie ad evanescendum pronae sunt, propter coniunctionem modorum vivendi et controversum [[Cibus promptus|cibi prompti]] impetum non minus quam modam [[globalizatio|globalizatae]] coquinae.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dumay&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Magnam praeter suam traditionem [[viticultura]]lem, Francia etiam praecipua natio [[cervesia]]e productoria est. Praecipuae [[Braxatorium|braxatoriae]] regiones in Franciā [[Alsatia]] (cum 60% nationalis fabricationis), [[Septentrio et Fretum]] et [[Lotharingia (regio Franciae recentior)|Lotharingia]] sunt.

[[Coquina Francica]] anno [[2020]] in [[Patrimonium mundanum immaterialem|repraesentativum Patrimonii mundani immaterialis indicem]] ab [[Unesco]]ne inscripta est.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice, Anglice, Arabice, Sinice, Hispanice et Russice) ''La Liste représentative du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité s’enrichit de 46 nouveaux éléments''.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Epulum]] praesertim e promulside, epuli capite et tragemate (quod aliquando a caseo, antea apposito, completur) consistit. Vespere, pro promulside crebro subsituitur [[potagium]] aut [[iuscellum]] (Francice ''soupe'', e quo nomen ''souper'' Francice [[cena]]e). [[Dies solis|Dominicum]] epulum elaboratius est: duae promulsides (altera frigida altera calida), assum [[bubula]]e aut [[Aves cohortales|avium cohortalium]] (vulgissime), [[acetaria]], patera caseorum et tragema. [[Prandium|Prandii]] horae e [[meridies|meridiē]] Septemtrioni et Orienti, ad primam horam Mediae Franciae et ad primam horam et dimidium Austro fluctuantur; et cenae horae e sextā decimā horā et dimidio [[Flandria Francica|Flandriae]] ad undevicesimam et dimidium Mediae Franciae et vicesimam et dimidium Austro fluctuantur.

===Artes athleticae===
[[Fasciculus:TourDeFrance 2005 07 09.jpg|thumb|[[Circuitus Franciae]] est veterrimus et inlustrissimus ex [[Circuitus Grandis (birotatio)|Circuitibus Grandibus]], et celeberrimum orbis terrarum certamen [[birotatio]]nis.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121114060844/http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTcxNw&amp;ObjTypeCode=FILE&amp;type=FILE&amp;id=34028&amp;LangId=1 De UCI Pro-Tour]&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:France champion of the Football World Cup Russia 2018.jpg|thumb|[[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Francica|Turmae Nationalis Francicae]] [[pediludium|pedilusores]] [[15 Iulii|Idibus Iuliis]] [[Moscua]]e [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium (2018)|Certaminis mundani pedilusorii calicem anno 2018]] levabant.]]
Francia antiquā lusoriā traditione et magnā superiorum disciplinarum varietate pingitur. Haec natio praecipuo munere in instruendis hodiernis artibus athleticis&lt;ref&gt;Fuit [[Lutetia]]e ubi convenit primus congressus olympicus anno [[1894]], dirigente Francogallicus [[Petrus de Coubertin]], qui [[Olympia (certamina)|Olympia]] revivificari decrevit.&lt;/ref&gt; et in victorum indice fungitur, ex exeunte [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]]. Cum [[Medalia|medaliarum]] 840 (714 [[Olympia (certamina)|aestate]], 124 [[Olympia hiemalia|hieme]]) obtentarum summā, Francia est quinta natio plurimis cum [[Olympionices|olympionicis]] in [[Olympia (certamina)|Olympiorum]] historiā. [[Ars gladii]] et [[birotatio]] disciplinae sont cum quibus Francia maxima est titulo decorata natio (cum respective Olympicis titulis 44 et 41 post [[Olympia hiemalia 2010|Olympia hiemalia anni 2010]] [[Vancuverium|Vancuverii]]).&lt;ref&gt;(Anglice) [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fsports%2F «Olympic Sports»], inspectum die 20 Septembris anni 2010).&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lutetia]] Olympia aestiva annis [[Olympia aestiva 1900|1900]] et [[Olympia aestiva 1924|1924]] recepit; et denuo ter recipiet [[Olympia aestiva 2024|2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;COI&quot;&gt;(Francice, Anglice, Theodisce, Italice, Lusice, Hispanice, Sinice, Arabice, Hindice, Coreane, Russice) [https://olympics.com/fr/olympic-games «Jeux Olympiques | Jeux d'Ete et d'Hiver, Futurs et Passés»], in [[Consilium Olympicum internationale|Consilio Olympico internationali]], Idibus Septembribus anni 2017 (inspectum die 27 Maii anni 2022).&lt;/ref&gt; Francia etiam [[Olympia hiemalia]] ter accepit: [[Campus Munitus|Campi Muniti]] anno [[Olympia hiemalia 1924|1924]], [[Gratianopolis|Gratianopoli]] anno [[1968 Olympia Hiemalia|1968]] et [[Oblimum|Oblimi]] anno [[Olympia hiemalia 1992|1992]].&lt;ref name=&quot;COI&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Alias apud insignes honores, Francia [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium]] bis, [[Certamen Calicis Davis|Certamen Calicem Davis]] decies et quoque [[Certamen 6 Nationum]] vicibus 25 obtinuit.

Secundum Ministerium Artium Athleticarum (Francice ''Ministère des Sports''), anno [[2010]], 69% hominum amplius annos quindecim natorum artem athleticam saltem semel per hebdomadem in Franciā exercebant. [[Ambulatio]], [[natatio]] et [[birotatio]] praecipuae declaratae activitates physicae erant. Anno [[2016]], Francicarum consociationum athleticarum summa 16 102 957 adscriptos habebat, e quibus 37,5% [[femina]]e erant. Anno [[2017]], exercitatissimas apud artes athleticas in Franciā erant: [[pediludium]] (cum 2 135 193 adscriptorum, e quibus 5,7 % feminae), [[teniludus]] (cum 1 052 127 adscriptorum, e quibus 29,1 % feminae), [[equitatio]] (cum 673 026 adscriptorum, e quibus 82,9 % feminae), [[iudo]] (cum 552 815 adscriptorum, e quibus 26,7 % feminae), [[canistriludium]] (cum 513 727 adscriptorum, e quibus 36 % feminae), [[manufollium]] (cum 513 194 adscriptorum, e quibus 35,8 % feminae) et [[pilamalleus]] (cum 407 569 adscriptorum, e quibus 27,8 % feminae).&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) Institutum nationale iuventutis et educationis popularis, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20221008034828/https://www.sports.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/chiffres_cles_du_sport_2017.pdf Les chiffres-clés du sport, Ministère de la Ville, de la Jeunesse et des Sports]'', Martio anni 2017, 15 p.).&lt;/ref&gt; Paene septem [[millio]]nes Francorum [[nartatio]]nem singulis hiemibus exercent, creberrime extra quidvis institutum athleticum.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) [https://www.linternaute.com/sport/pratique/1094502-les-sports-qui-comptent-le-plus-de-licencies/1094504-badminton «no 19: le ski»], in ''linternaute.com'', Septembre anni 2008 (inspectum 29 Maii anni 2022).&lt;/ref&gt; Francica area nartatoria anno [[2015]] area frequentatissima in toto orbe terrarum erat, post eas [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] et [[Austria]]e.&lt;ref&gt;[«Ski: la France championne du monde» ], in ''[[Le Figaro]]'', die 23 Septembris anni 2015 (inspectum 29 Maii anni 2022).&lt;/ref&gt;

Anno [[2013]], impensa nationalis artibus athleticis e 38,1 [[Milliardum|milliardis]] [[euro]]num consistebat, quorum dimidium erat administrationis publicae curā, scilicet 1,8% e [[PDG]]. Anno [[2015]], privata artium athleticarum pars in Franciā 124 286 [[opifex|opificum]] conducebat. Quotannis, Ministerium artium athleticarum circiter 12 000 diplomatum athleticorum expedit, e quibus paene 8 000 [[Brevetum professionale iuventutis, educationis popularis et artium athleticarum|breveta professionale iuventutis, educationis popularis et artium athleticarum]] (Francice ''brevet professionnel de la jeunesse, de l'éducation populaire et du sport'' seu ''BP JEPS'') sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Natura&quot;&gt;(Francice) «Chiffres clés», in ''Natura 2000'' (inspectum die 6 Iunii anni 2018).&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Certamen tenilusorium Rolandi Garros|Certamen tenilusorium internationale Rolandi Garros]], [[Lutetia]]e, et [[Circuitus Franciae]] [[Birotatio|birotarius]] sunt anniversarii ponderis eventūs, sicuti contingentes eventūs ut [[Campionatus pedilusorius Europaeus]] anni [[2016]].

Francia quoque magis magisque [[disportus electronicus|disportū electronico]] commovetur. Anno [[2016]], secundum [[Manuel Valls|Manuelis Valls]] gubernium consociationem France Esports creavit. Anno [[2018]], quinque [[millio]]nes Francogallorum saltem unum disportūs electronici certamen iam spectaverant et 930 000 iam participaverant.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) [https://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2018/09/26/20004-20180926ARTFIG00292-5-millions-de-francais-regardent-des-competitions-d-e-sport.php «5 millions de Français regardent des compétitions d'e-sport»], apud ''[[Le Figaro]]'', die 26 Septembris anni 2018 (inspectum pridie Nonas Iulias anni 2022).&lt;/ref&gt; Franciae est una operosissimas apud disportūs electronici organizationes in totā Europā et in toto orbe terrarum, consociatio [[Team Vitality]].

Praeter [[Vexillum Franciae|vexilli]] colores, foederationes disportivae Francogallicae etiam [[gallus|gallo]] utuntur sicut symbolo, quamquam publicum symbolum non est.&lt;ref&gt;(Francice) [https://www.elysee.fr/la-presidence/le-coq «Le coq»], in sitū interretiali [[Palatium Elysii|Elysii]] (inspectum pridie Nonas Iulias anni 2022).&lt;/ref&gt;

===Feriae et dies festi===
Index dierum festorum, qui totā in Franciā celebrantur.

{| class=&quot;wikitable zebra&quot;
|-
| 1 Ianuarii || Primus incipientis anni dies (Francice ''Jour de l’An'').
|-
| [[Pascha (festum Christianum)|Feria secunda Paschae]] || (Francice ''Lundi de Pâques'').
|-
| 1 Maii || [[Dies Laboris]] (Francice ''Fête du travail'').
|-
| 8 Maii || Dies victoriae (Francice ''Fête de la Victoire''), deditio Germaniae Nazisticae anno 1945 subscripta.
|-
| [[Ascensio Domini]] || (Francice ''Jour de l’Ascension'').
|-
| [[Pentecostes|Feria Secunda Pentecostes]] || (Francice ''Lundi de Pentecôte'').
|-
| 14 Iulii || Dies festus nationis (Francice ''Fête nationale'') vel dies festus foederationis (Francice ''Fête de la fédération''), quo impetus in [[Bastilia|Bastiliam]] carcerem anno [[1789]] memoratur.
|-
| 15 Augusti || [[Assumptio Beatae Mariae Virginis]] (Francice ''Assomption'').
|-
| 1 Novembris || [[Sollemnitas Omnium Sanctorum]] (Francice ''Toussaint'').
|-
| 11 Novembris || Indutiae (Francice ''Armistice'') anno 1918 ad [[Compendium]] initae, quibus [[Primum bellum mundanum]] confectum est
|-
| 25 Decembris || [[Christi Natalis]] (Francice ''Noël'')
|}

=== Homines praeclari ===
{{Vide-etiam|Reges praesidentesque Franciae}}

==== Sancti notabiles ====
{{div col|2}}
* [[Catharina Labouré]]
* [[Franciscus Salesius]]
* [[Genovefa Nemetodurensis]]
* [[Ioanna Arcensis]]
* [[Ludovicus IX (rex Francorum)|Ludovicus IX]] rex
* [[Ioannes Maria Vianney]]
* [[Remigius]]
* [[Sancta Bernadetta Lapurdensis|Bernadetta]]
* [[Sancta Clotildis]] Regina
* [[Teresia Lexoviensis]]
* [[Vincentius a Paulo]]
{{div col end}}

==== Alii ====
{{div col|2}}
* [[Alexander Dumas (pater)]]
* [[Catharina Medices]], [[regina]]
* [[Michael Nostradamus]]
* [[Maria Antonia Austriaca]], regina
* &lt;!--[[Elisabeth Comitissa Parisiorum]], Princeps Brasiliae, ex domu Brigantiensi--&gt;
* [[Carolus de Gaulle]], praeses
* [[Ioanna Moreau]], [[actrix]]
* [[Editha Piaf]], [[cantrix]]
{{div col end}}

==== Marianna ====
[[Fasciculus:MariannedeTheodoreDoriot.JPG|thumb|Mariannae effigies a Theodoro Doriot sculpta et in Senatū exposita.]]
[[Marianna]] ([[Francice]] ''Marianne''), [[allegoria|allegorica]] [[libertas|libertatis]] figura, est una ex nonnullis Reipublicae Francicae [[imago|imaginibus]] notissimis.

==Codices==
Franciae hi codices sunt:
* LF, secundum [[Catalogus praefixorum codicum aëroportuum quibus ICAO utitur|catalogum praefixorum codicum aëroportuum quibus ICAO utitur]];
* F, secundum [[Catalogus codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti|catalogum codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti]];
* F, secundum [[Catalogus praefixorum codicum notaculi aëronavium quibus ICAO utitur|catalogum praefixorum codicum notaculi aëronavium quibus ICAO utitur]];
* F, secundum catalogum codicum praefixorum [[Unio Internationalis Telecommunicationis|UIT]];
* FR, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] (catalogi codicum nationum), codicem alpha-2;
* FRA, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] (catalogi codicum nationum), codicem alpha-3;
* FRA, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis|catalogum codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis]];
* .fr, secundum [[Dominium summum|dominium interretiale]];
* FR, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]], codicem alpha-2;
* FRA, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]], codicem alpha-3.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Circuitus Franciae]]
* ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico]]''
* [[Franci]] et [[Septimania]] Visigothica
* [[Gallia Belgica]]
* [[Gallia Lugdunensis]]
* [[Gallia Narbonensis]]
* [[Index historicus praefecturarum Franciae]]
* [[Libera Francia]]
* [[Prima Respublica Francica]]
* [[Reges Franciae]]
{{div col end}}

== Bibliographia ==
* Casali, Dimitri, et Christophe Beyeler. [[2012]]. ''L'Histoire de France vue par les peintres.'' Lutetiae: Flammarion. ISBN 978-2-08-127981-0.
* Haensch, Günther, et Hans J. Tümmers. [[1993]]. ''Frankreich: Politik, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft.'' Monaci. ISBN 3-406-37491-3.
* Lugge, Margret. [[1960]]. ''&quot;Gallia&quot; et &quot;Francia&quot; im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über den Zusammengang zwischen geographisch-historischer Terminologie und politischem Denken vom 6.-15. Jahrhundert.'' Bonnae.
* Masson, Ioannes Papirius. [[1618]]. ''Descriptio fluminum Galliae, qua Francia est.'' Lutetiae: Quesnel. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1020102 Textus,] gallica.bnf.fr.
* Price, Roger. [[2014]]. ''A Concise History of France.'' Cantabridgiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01782-5.
* Robb, Graham. [[2007]]. ''The Discovery of France: A Historical Geography from the Revolution to the First World War.'' Novi Eboraci: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-05973-1.
* Sévillia, Jean. [[2013]]. ''Histoire passionnée de la France.'' Lutetiae: 2013. ISBN 978-2-262-04107-6.
* Sloterdijk, Peter. [[2013]]. ''Mein Frankreich.'' Berolini: Suhrkamp. ISBN 978-3-518-46297-3.

== Nexus externi ==
* (Variis linguis) [https://www.france.fr/fr Situs interretialis publicus Franciae].
* (Francice) [https://www.gouvernement.fr/ Situs interretialis Gubernii Franciae].
{{CommuniaCat|France|Franciam}}
{{Grc|Γαλλία}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

{{Europa}}
{{Unio Europaea}}
{{Capsae collectae|Francia|politica|{{Praesides Franciae}}{{Primi ministri Franciae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Francici 1959–}}{{Ministri Francici Borne}}}}
{{Capsae collectae|Francia|geographica|{{Provinciae Franciae recentiores}}{{Praefecturae Franciae}}{{Capita praefecturarum Franciae}}}}
{{Capsae collectae|Francia|historica|{{Reges Francorum}}{{Principes Franciae 1799–1946}}{{Praesides consilii Franciae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Francici 1870–1959}}{{Provinciae Franciae antiquiores}}}}

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{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Civitates sociae Unionis Europaeae]]
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      <text bytes="3304" sha1="luekgmchfhbeervzbl9pxlwjda4pv18" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Blason_Harvard.svg|thumb|upright=0.3|left|[[Sigillum]] universitatis.]]
{{Capsa scholae Vicidata}}
'''Universitas Harvardiana''' [[Cantabrigia iuxta Flumen Carolanum|Cantabrigiae]] in [[respublica|re publica]] [[Massachusetta|Massachusettensium]] est, socius [[Foedus Hederanum|Foederis Hederani]]. Quod anno [[1636]] consultu [[senatus]] [[colonia Sinus Massachusettensium|coloniae Massachusettensis]] conditum est [[collegium Harvardianum]] (pars [[discipulus|scholasticis]] gradu primo devota), prima aetate inter [[universitas|universitates]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanas]] est. Ab origine '''Novum''' modo '''Collegium''' nominatum; nomen Harvardianum ab exemplo [[Ioannes Harvard|Ioannis Harvard]], donatoris primi, anno [[1639]] sumpsit.&lt;ref&gt;Etiam circumitione verborum honoris causa, ''Academia Cantabrigiensis Transatlantica'' (Sandys 1910:46-47, in [[oratio]]ne de [[Carolus Eliot Norton|Carolo Eliot Norton]] [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[19 Iunii]] [[1884]] habita); et &quot;Academia nobiscum nomine non uno consociata&quot; (Sandys 1910:54, in oratione de Oliver Wendell Holmes, ibidem die [[17 Iunii]] [[1886]] habita).&lt;/ref&gt; Titulum universitatis primo Harvardianae datum est a charta [[Massachusetta|rei publicae Massachusettensis]] anno [[1780]].
[[Fasciculus:Harvard_1720.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Aedificium|Aedificia]] Collegii Harvardiani, anno [[1720]].]]
[[Fasciculus:John Harvard statue.jpg|thumb|[[Ioannes Harvard|Ioannis Harvard]] [[statua]] in [[Area Harvardiana]], a [[Daniel Chester French|Daniele Chester French]] anno [[1884]] sculpta.]]

Prima autem aetate copiisque inter universitates in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae est; prima quoque ut multis videtur fama ob ingenium [[sapientia]]mque [[scientia (ratio)|scientiamque]] quae ibi collocantur. Sententia praecipue sua totam per orbem est praeclara: ''veritas,'' quam ad extrahendam facultas omnis omnium consecrari dicitur. Hodie notus est nam [[pecunia]]m plurimam habet ex omnibus [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] universitatibus, paene paucissimos applicatores accipit quotannis, et bonam [[educatio]]nem dare saepe dicitur.

[[Statua]] nota stat in campo Harvardiano quae &quot;falsorum trium&quot; statua vocatur (vide imaginem iuxta verba). Dicitur Ioannem Harvard conditorem monstrare, sed re vera et Ioannes Harvard conditor non fuit et statua ipsa a visu alicuius discipuli ficta est, etiam annus faciendi in statua scriptus falsus est.

In universitate sunt multae ordines vel [[schola]]e, in quarum numero sunt [[Collegium Harvardianum]], Schola Gradualis{{dubsig}} Artium Scientiarumque, [[Schola Divinitatis Harvardiana|Schola Divinitatis]], [[Schola Kennediana]], [[Schola Medica Harvardiana|Schola Medica]], et aliae.

== Artes athleticae ==
Universitas est socius [[Foedus Hederanum|Foederis Hederani]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Collegium Radcliffense]]
* [[Harvard Glee Club]]
* [[Loeb Classical Library]]
* [[Schola Divinitatis Harvardiana]]
* [[Societas Signeti]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Sandys, John Edwin. [[1910]]. ''Orationes et epistolae cantabrigienses (1876–1909).'' Londinii: Macmillan and Co.

{{Myrias|Societas}}

[[Categoria:Universitas Harvardiana| ]]
[[Categoria:Collegia colonica]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1636]]
[[Categoria:Foedus Hederanum]]
[[Categoria:Quadratum Harvardianum]]</text>
      <sha1>luekgmchfhbeervzbl9pxlwjda4pv18</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Index fluviorum Germaniae</title>
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      <text bytes="397544" sha1="gm0rsi99l09zo6kuz9y4io2x3vwez0y" xml:space="preserve">{{Scientia dubia}}
{{Pagina polienda|Nonnulla nomina videntur esse ficticia, atque Vicipaedia Theodisca hic adhibita est fons; vide [[Vicipaedia:Noli fingere]].}}

[[Fasciculus:Deutschland Flussgebietseinheiten.png|thumb|right|Praecipuorum [[Germania|Germanicorum]] fluminum graviores naves perferentium diagramma ([[Theodisce]]).]]
[[Fasciculus:Rheinbrücke Konstanz bei Föhn.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Pons super [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] [[Constantia (Germania)|Constantiae]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Elbe Bad Schandau.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum [[Bad Schandau]] iuxta [[Albis|Albim]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Aerials Deggendorf 16.06.2006.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum Deggendorfium&lt;ref name=&quot;Deggendorfium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=485&amp;cq=Candidus,%20Pantaleon&amp;lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae : in brevem summam collecta a religionis institutione usque ad eius resuscitationem''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) P. Ludovicus Sedlmair Deggendorfensis confessarius semper ei propre esse debuit (...) Testes erant Monachium, Straubinga, Deggendorfium, Bulsanum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; iuxta [[Danuvius|Danuvium]].]]
[[Fluvius|Fluvii]] [[Germania]]e se in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], et [[Mare Germanicum]] effundunt. Praecipua sunt:
* cum [[Ostium fluminis|ostio]] in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Viadrus]];
* cum ostio in [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], [[Danuvius]], cum suis praecipuis [[amnis influens|amnibus influentibus]] [[Aenus|Aeno]], [[Isara|Isarā]], et [[Licus|Lico]];
* cum ostio in [[Mare Germanicum]], [[Rhenus]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Mosella|Mosellā]], [[Moenus|Moeno]] et [[Nicer|Nicro]]; [[Visurgis]]; et [[Albis]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Habala|Habalā]] et [[Sala (flumen)|Salā]].

==Secundum longitudinem==
Insequentes indices fluvios Germaniae ordinant secundum totam eorum longitudinem (e fonte in ostium), quamquam eorum longitudo intra Germaniae fines minor sit. 

===Flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Danuvius&lt;ref&gt;Vide articulum &quot;Danuvius&quot; apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur &quot;Danube -river in Europe; '''Danuvius'' in Latin&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Ister&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; seu Hister&lt;ref&gt;[[Ovidius]], ''Epistulae ex Ponto'' 1.8.11: &quot;urbs ripae vicina binominis Histri&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Donau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2850
| [[Pontus Euxinus]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Rhein''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1233
| [[Mare Germanicum]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Alba&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Albea&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;  seu Albia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Albius&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Alpia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Alvea&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Heilba&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Helbia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Herlba&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Elbe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1094
| [[Mare Germanicum]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|  Viadus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Odora&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Oder&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Odagra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Odara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Odra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Odrita&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Adora&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Suevus Flavius&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Oddera&lt;ref name=&quot;Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski&quot;&gt;[https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur &quot;Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Oddere&lt;ref name=&quot;Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski&quot;/&gt; seu Oddore&lt;ref name=&quot;Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski&quot;/&gt; seu Oddere&lt;ref name=&quot;Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski&quot;/&gt;
| ''Oder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 854
| [[Mare Balticum]]
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Musella&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Mosula&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Musla&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Mosel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 544
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Mogonus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Manus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Moius&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Mogus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Moino&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Main''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 524
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Enus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Oenus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Inus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Hinus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Innus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Inn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 517
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Wesera seu Wisara seu Wisuraha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Wisora&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Wisura&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Visera&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Visara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Wissula&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Wirraha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Weser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 451
| [[Mare Germanicum]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
| ''Saale''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 413
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| Neccarus&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Nechara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Nectara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Necorus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Neckar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 384
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Sprea&lt;ref&gt;{{Mundt}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu Spreve&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Sprewe &lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Sprewa&lt;ref name=&quot;Tractatus de duabus...&quot;&gt;[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Tractatus_de_duabus_Sarmatiis_Europiana_et_Asiana_et_de_contentis_in_eis Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis Europiana et Asiana et de contentis in eis], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) penes fluvium Sueuum Teutonice Spre seu Sprewa dictum, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Spre&lt;ref name=&quot;Tractatus de duabus...&quot;/&gt; seu Suevus&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Suevus&quot;, &quot;... ad Suevum&quot; etc. {{Google Books|KRg_AAAAcAAJ|p. 578 et passim}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tractatus de duabus...&quot;/&gt;
| ''Spree''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 382
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Emisa&lt;ref name=&quot;Emisa&quot;&gt;[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/10/Mueller*.html Karl Müller's Apparatus and Notes to Ptolemy, Book II, Chapter 10: Germania Magna], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Amisis vel Amissis codd. Plinii 4, 100; Ἀμασίας Strabo 7, 1, 3; germanice olim Emisa fl. et Emisgow regio, nunc Ems fl. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Amissis&lt;ref name=&quot;Emisa&quot;/&gt; seu Amisis&lt;ref name=&quot;Emisa&quot;/&gt; seu Amisus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Amasis&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Amasius&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Emesa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Amera&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Ems''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 371
| [[Sinus Dollarius]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.es/books?id=O6deAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA675&amp;lpg=PA675&amp;dq=%22dollert%22+sinus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=gvKfvPBBEJ&amp;sig=ACfU3U1HLVN-1obH4z02czxdQrkKEeQdtA&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjf-M714PSGAxWJVPEDHeCwAEcQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22dollert%22%20sinus&amp;f=false Allgemeinnütziges Geschicht- und Staaten-Wörterbuch], ubi dicitur &quot;Dollart, Dollert, Sinus Dollarius vel Emdanus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Habola&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Havila&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Labola&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Albola&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Havel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 325
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|  Werra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Wirra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Wirraha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Vagarna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Vierra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Werra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 298
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Isura&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Isarus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ysera&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Isar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 292
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Agara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Agira&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Agra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Egra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Oegra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ogra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Agria&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Eger''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 291
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Leinus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lynius&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lagina&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Leine''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 281
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur &quot;The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Alera&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt; seu Elera&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt; seu Aelara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Alra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Aller''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 263
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;&gt;Documentum 68, in: Carolus H. Lampe (Ed.): Urkundenbuch der Deutschordensballei Thüringen, 1. Bd., p. 68.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Elstera&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.is/20121129132241/bv-moeckernwahren.de/via/Viadukt_25.pdf DIE BÜRGERZEITUNG FÜR MÖCKERN UND WAHRENDIE WEISSE ELSTER - ein vergessener Fluß?]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu Elstera Albus&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA44&amp;lpg=RA1-PA44&amp;dq=Elstera+alba&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4VyINmTTBp&amp;sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=Elstera%20alba&amp;f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Weiße Elster''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 257
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Lippia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lippa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Libia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Luppia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lyppia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Lippe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 255
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Nysa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Nyza&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Nycza&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Nysensis&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Neiße''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 254
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Licus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Lica&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=V-oKH5yTvyAC&amp;pg=PA82-IA1&amp;lpg=PA82-IA1&amp;dq=Lica+Lech&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=k2mj676gV4&amp;sig=_V0jmBjlhnU4yI5oMRn5LnrsmlA&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=WnlITbiBCYjHswaGvJCCAw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Lica%20Lech&amp;f=false Poesies: Llibres I i II By Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus]&lt;/ref&gt; seu Lichus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lecha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Licoas&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lycus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lechus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lemannus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lemannius&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lehhae&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Lech''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 248
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Saravus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Sarra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Sara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Sangona&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Saora&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Saroa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Saar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 246
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Loganus&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] &quot;Lahnstenium ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; seu Lahna&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Full text of &quot;Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome : (in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament, March 27, 1851)&quot;'' apud www.archive.org] &quot;[[Limburgum ad Lahnam]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; seu Lagana&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Logana&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lona&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lanus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lana&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Lahana&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
| ''Lahn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 242
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Alcmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Alcmon&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Alcmona&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Alcmonia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Alamona&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Alemo&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Alemannus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Almuna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Almonus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Altmühl''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 227
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Salzaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Salsa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ivarus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Iuvarus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Salzach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 225
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Fulda&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Vultaha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Wulda&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Fulda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 218
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Rurinna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Ruhr''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 217
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Elda (flumen)|Elda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elde#Flussnamen articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand 786 als ''in Eldam'' statt&quot; (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Elde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 208
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|}

===Flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;&gt;Vide articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur &quot;n 575, the river was attested as the ''Onestrudis'', in the 7th century it was referred to as the ''Unestrude'', and in 994 as the ''Vnstruod''&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Unstroda&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Unstrada&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Unstraha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Unstravia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Unstrota&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Unestrude&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt; seu Unstruod&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Unstrut''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 192
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|
| ''Jagst''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 190
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hunta]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Hunte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 189
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Egdor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eider hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Eider (lateinisch Egdor (...) Der Name der Eider leitet sich mit einer gewissen Wahrscheinlichkeit von ''Egidor'' (Fluttor, Schreckenstor) ab und spielt auf den germanischen Meerriesen Ægir an, der für Fluten und damit verbundene Schrecken verantwortlich gemacht wurde. Die nach Volker Schmidt erste lateinische Erwähnung als ''Flumen Egidora'' legt diese Annahme nahe. Weitere Namen der Eider wie ''Egidorae fluminis'' (9. Jh. Reichsannalen), ''fluminis Eydori'' (12. Jh. Saxo Grammaticus), ''Eidera'' (1148 Urkunde Heinrich des Löwen) und ''Eydaer'' (1235 im Erdbuch König Waldemars II.) geben Aufschluss über die Herleitung zum heutigen Namen.  &quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Eidora&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;/&gt; seu Egidor&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;/&gt; seu Eydorus&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;/&gt; seu Egidona&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; seu Eidera&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;/&gt; seu Eydaer&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;/&gt;
| ''Eider''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 188
| [[Mare Germanicum]]
| [[Egdor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Amper'' seu ''Ammer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 185
| [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elstra Nigra&quot;&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=uMPJ7iscKDoC&amp;pg=PA93&amp;lpg=PA93&amp;dq=Alstera+Elster&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=O6jtjv6YLV&amp;sig=zdBuo9mf6Qv4E__kzibsux-uQn0&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=P1NnT-HHJYnOswa108jiBQ&amp;ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Alstera%20Elster&amp;f=false Ortsnamenbuch des Mittelelbegebietes von Inge Bily]&lt;/ref&gt;
| Elstera Niger&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA44&amp;lpg=RA1-PA44&amp;dq=Elstera+alba&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4VyINmTTBp&amp;sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=Elstera%20alba&amp;f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]&lt;/ref&gt; seu Altsra&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Schwarze Elster''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 179
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;&gt;[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ab_excessu_divi_Augusti_(Annales)/Liber_I#LVI Taciti ''Ab excessū dovo Augusti/Liber I, caput LVI] ubi dicitur &quot;(...) iuventus flumen Adranam nando tramiserat (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Adarna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Aderna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ederna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ethrina&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Adrina&lt;ref&gt;Sperber, Rüdiger (1996). &quot;Die Nebenflüsse von Werra und Fulda bis zum Zusammenfluß&quot;. ''Hydronymia Germaniae''. Reihe A, Lief. 5. Steiner, Wiesbaden. ISBN 978-3515006453.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Eder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 177
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Sauer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 173
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hassa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Jahr 763 wird der Fluss erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (secus fluvium Hassa) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Hasa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Asa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Assa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Hase''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 170
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Boda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Bada&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Botum&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Buda&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Bode''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 169
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Regana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Regana&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur &quot; The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Reganus&lt;ref name=&quot;Regana&quot;/&gt; seu Reganum&lt;ref name=&quot;Regana&quot;/&gt;
| ''Regen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 169
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.es/books?id=bHVBAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA3-PA63&amp;lpg=RA3-PA63&amp;dq=cochera+fluvius+Kocher&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=9heufonibr&amp;sig=ACfU3U1qKFXUcAKG4YdC_4Y2JchLVTDjZw&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi359OEkvWGAxVfbvEDHcChAggQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=cochera%20fluvius%20Kocher&amp;f=false Mercurius Gallobelgicus M. Gothardo Arthusio succenturiatus], ubi dicitur &quot;ibique in Cochera (...) fluvius Kocher&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Cochara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Kocher&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kocher''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 168
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seyna Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sayn&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex vocibus &quot;Seyna&quot; aut &quot;Zeina&quot;, quae apparent in {{Graesse}} referentes ad oppidulum Germanicum Theodisce nuncupatum &quot;Sayn&quot;, cuius nomen e flumine homonymo derivatur, etiam nuncupato Theodisce ''Saynbach'', quod vicissim dat nomen alio flumini ''Kleiner Saynbach''&lt;/ref&gt;
| Zeina Minor&lt;ref name=&quot;Sayn&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kleiner Saynbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 167
| [[Seyna (flumen)|Seyna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sayn&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Vidrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Vaconna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Vechta&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Vedrus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Vechte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 167
| [[Aqua Nigra (flumen)|Aqua Nigra]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.es/books/edition/Nederlandse_waternamen/HIEdAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&amp;dq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&amp;printsec=frontcover Mauritii Schönfeld ''Nederlandse waternamen''], ubi dicitur &quot;Wijdverbreid is ''Zwarte Water'' = lt. ''Aqua nigra'', engels ''Blackwater'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Lacus Yssel]]
|-
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;&gt;Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo &quot;Zviccaviensis-e&quot;, in libro &quot;Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium&quot; apparenti et referenti ad urbem [[Cygnea]]m.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Milda Zviccaviensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt; seu Milla Zviccaviensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt; seu Mulda Zviccaviensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt; seu Mylda Zviccaviensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt; seu Mlidava Zviccaviensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| ''Zwickauer Mulde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 166
| [[Mulda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Naba]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Nabas&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt; seu Napa&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt; seu Nabe&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt; seu Nab&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt;
| ''Naab''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Rur''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 164
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schleichgraben]]
|
| ''Schleichgraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 155
| [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elstra Nigra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Segaha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Siga&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Sieg''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 155
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Hosta&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Oste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 153
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Wertaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Werdaha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Virdo&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Vinda&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Vindex&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Wertach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 150
| [[Licus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iller hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ihr lateinischer Name war '''Hilaria''' oder auch ''Hilara'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Hilara&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ilara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ilaris&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Hylarus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ylarus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Ilargus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Iller''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 147
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Milda&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Milla&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Mylda&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Mlidava&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Mulde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 147
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Pena&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Penes&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Pana&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Penis&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Peanis&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Peene''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 136
| [[Lutense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutense&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutense&quot; Lutense&quot;] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ilmena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Ilma&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Ilm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 134
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Parra (flumen)|Parra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Paar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 134
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rhinus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Rhin''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 133
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Werenza]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Warinza&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Werna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Wörnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 132
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tuberus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Tubaris&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Tubara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Tauber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 131
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Varnova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmeister II 1891&quot;&gt;Hofmeister, A. (1891). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Rostock: Vol. 2''. (Mich. 1499 - Ost. 1611). Stiller'sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Warnou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fs-warnemuende.de/ www.fs-warnemuende], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Gewässer, das nördlich von Parchim entspringt, ist erstmals 1160 als Warnou flumen und 1186 als aqua Warnow urkundlich erwähnt (...).&lt;/ref&gt;, Warnow&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;/&gt;
| ''Warnow''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 130
| [[Mare Balticum]]
| [[Chalusus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lena&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Ruhr)#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Der Fluss wird im 13. Jh. erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (supra oder super Lenam)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Lenne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kila]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Kylia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Belgis&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Kyll''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albinus 1590&quot;&gt;Albinus, P. (1590). ''Meisnischer Land- und Berg-Chronica: In welcher ein volkommene Beschreibung des Landes Meißen, desselben Gelegenheit, Flüsse, Städt, Schlösser''... (Tomus I). Lorentz Seuberlich.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|
| ''Zschopau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128
| [[Mulda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Lapara Wissingensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapara&quot;&gt;Secundum [https://books.google.es/books?id=i-_gDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA21&amp;lpg=PA21&amp;dq=%22Kleine+Laber+%22+flumen&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=sJegxM7pNX&amp;sig=ACfU3U3SJzaPgZCEumBJptUz_l_4myXnmg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj-4uiTsraHAxW_Q_EDHcZbBxYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Kleine%20Laber%20%22%20flumen&amp;f=false ''Historischer Atlas von Bayern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Große und die Kleine Laber sind um 790 als &quot;Lapara&quot; belegt (...)&quot;, nomen Latinum &quot;Lapara&quot; ad flumina Theodisce ''Große Laber'' et ''Kleine Laber'' nuncupata refert. Ergo, adhibitur adiectivum &quot;parva&quot; seu &quot;magna&quot; seu &quot;alba&quot; seu &quot;Wissingensis&quot; seu &quot;Breitenbrunnensis&quot; historico nomini Latino ut distinguantur haec flumina.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Wissinger Laber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 127
| [[Lapara Breitenbrunnensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapara&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;&gt;Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Naha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Nahe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 125
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala in pago&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Erstmals erwähnt wurde die Fränkische Saale im Jahr 716 als super fluvio Sala in pago Salvense (am Fluss Sala im Saalgau). Im Jahr 777 schrieb man in einem Fuldaer Urkundenbuch: in pago Salecgauio super fluvio Sala (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Fränkische Saale''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 125
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mulda Fribergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;&gt;Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo &quot;Fribergensis-e&quot;, referenti ad urbem [[Friberga]]m.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Milda Fribergensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt; seu Milla Fribergensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt; seu Mylda Fribergensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt; seu Mlidava Fribergensis&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt;
| ''Freiberger Mulde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124
| [[Mulda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Wemma]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Wimma&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Wümme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 121
| [[Lesmonia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lesum&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesum#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1331 als ''ultra Lesmoniam'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Nersa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Niers''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bercla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bercla&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Der Fluss tritt 1322 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (''bercla'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Berkel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115
| [[Isala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isala&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJssel hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) The Romans knew the river as '''Isala''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Isala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isala&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wippera]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Wupper''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Liubasa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Liubasa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loisach#%C3%89tymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Les formes antérieures de noms sont Liubasa (1003), Lyubasa (environ 1052), Liubisaha (1148-1155), Livbisaha (12e siècle), Liubsaha (1258), Leusach (1332), Leusach (1348) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Lyubasa&lt;ref name=&quot;Liubasa&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Liubisaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Liubasa&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Liubsaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Liubasa&quot;/&gt; seu Leusach&lt;ref name=&quot;Liubasa&quot;/&gt; seu Loysa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Loisach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 114
| [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nida (flumen)|Nida Saravi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nied#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur &quot;Dénommé ''Nida'' dans les inscriptions romaines (...) Anciennes mentions: Neda (1121), Nidden (1200), Nithen (1364) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Neda&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida&quot;/&gt; seu Nidden&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida&quot;/&gt; seu Nithen&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida&quot;/&gt; seu Nita Germanica&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| ''Nied''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 114
| [[Saravus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Travea&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Travenna&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Travena&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Chalusus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Trave''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 114
| [[Mare Balticum]]
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Pagantia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Pegnesus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Pegnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 113
| [[Radiantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Peschsiefen]]
|
| ''Peschsiefen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 113
| [[Ankerbacum (Rhenus)|Ankerbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bacum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Enze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Enze&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia601601.us.archive.org/23/items/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ.pdf ''Beiträge zur gallo-keltisch... Namenkunde''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) die ''Enz'' (in den Neckar), c. 1150 Enze fluvius (d i. *Antia) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Enz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diemel#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;In historischen Quellen wird die Diemel ebenfalls als ''Dimel, Dymel, Dimella, Dimola, Timella'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Dymel&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt; seu Dimella&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt; seu Dimola&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt; Timella&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| ''Diemel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Rott''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Ilma&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Ilmenau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Vilisa|Vilisa Danubii]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| Vilsa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt; seu Vilusa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Quintanica&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu Filisa&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt; seu Filusa&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt; seu Filsa&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt; seu Philisa&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt; seu Vilosa&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt; seu Vilusa&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| ''Vils''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Saalach&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA455&amp;lpg=PA455&amp;dq=Saalach+%22flumen%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ujlRsntsPa&amp;sig=ACfU3U0SU_fvCyOKvGtwJZrcYzb3TFBxYg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiP45KImveGAxX9RP4FHTzeBMoQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Saalach%20%22flumen%22&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur &quot;''''Saalach''', '''die''' (...) ''iuxta fluvium Sala, iuxta fluvio Sala (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Saalach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106
| [[Salzaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Redera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1863&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1863). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|
| ''Große Röder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105
| [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elstra Nigra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Ovacra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovacra&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oker hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sie wurde 747 das erste Mal als Ovacra in Zusammenhang mit dem Okerübergang in Ohrum erwähnt, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_rer_germ_6/index.htm#page/7/mode/1up Annales regni Francorum (MGH SS rer. Germ. 6)], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) super fluvium Ovacra in loco, qui dicitur Orheim, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Obacro&lt;ref&gt;[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Annales_regni_Francorum Annales regni Francorum (Vicifons)], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) supra fluvium Obacro in loco, qui dicitur Orhaim&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Oker''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Arnefa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arnefa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erft#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde die Erft im Jahre 496/506 vom Geographen von Ravenna als Arnefa. Sie hieß zunächst „Arnapa“, später „Arnefe“ und „Arlefe“. Schließlich fand man 1320 den Namen „Arfe“. Der Name ist eine Komposition aus dem Hydronym -apa und dem germanischen Wort *arna-/*arni- mit der Bedeutung 'sicher, energisch, tüchtig' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Arnapa&lt;ref name=&quot;Arnefa&quot;/&gt; seu Arnefe&lt;ref name=&quot;Arnefa&quot;/&gt; seu Arlefe&lt;ref name=&quot;Arnefa&quot;/&gt; seu Arfe&lt;ref name=&quot;Arnefa&quot;/&gt; seu [[Arphta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacomblet 1840&quot;&gt;Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln''. H. Voss.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Erft''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Misa (flumen Germanicum)|Misa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Misa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%BEe#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Originally, the entire stream including the Berounka was called Mže (Latin: ''Misa'', German: ''Mies'') and the name first appeared in the 12th century in Chronica Boemorum. The name was written as ''Mse'', ''Msa'' and ''Mzye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Mse&lt;ref name=&quot;Misa&quot;/&gt; seu Msa&lt;ref name=&quot;Misa&quot;/&gt; seu Mzye&lt;ref name=&quot;Misa&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mies''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103
| [[Berounka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berounka&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/medias/4f/42/18/bd/4f4218bd-603a-4e29-9aa1-5794dcc5fcde/files/Cavan_Alt_02.pdf Asiento para un atlas corológico de la flora occidental, 25], ubi dicitur &quot;in rivo Berounka haud procul a pago Zadní Trebáñ&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Ara&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Oraha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Hora&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Ohre''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]]
|
| ''Ach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102
| [[Blavius]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Vida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schaltenbrand II 1923&quot;&gt;Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. &lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wida&quot;&gt;Helmut Priewer, Mathias Priewer, Gerhard Hachenberg: Warum ist die Wied eine Witt? In: Heimat-Jahrbuch des Landkreises Neuwied 2011, ISBN 3-9809797-8-4, S. 232–235.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Vidua&lt;ref name=&quot;Stramberg V 1856&quot;&gt;Stramberg, C. von. (1856). ''Das Rheinische Antiquarius: Mittelrhein, Der Rheingau'' (Vol. 5). R. F. Hergt.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Weda&lt;ref name=&quot;Stramberg V 1856&quot;&gt;Stramberg, C. von. (1856). ''Das Rheinische Antiquarius: Mittelrhein, Der Rheingau'' (Vol. 5). R. F. Hergt.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Vieda&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wied''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ach Frewbergense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frewberga&quot;&gt;Adiectivo &quot;Frewbergensis-e&quot; vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Friedberger Ach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Blesa&quot;&gt;Hadrianus Vallesius, ''Notitia Galliarum ordine litterarum digesta'', [[Lutetia|Parisiis]], 1675, apud Fredericum Leonard, p. 89.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Blies''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| [[Saravus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fuhse]]
|
| ''Fuhse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Indistra]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indistra&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innerste#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name Innerste (frühere Formen lauten auch Inste (1805) oder Inster(-Fluß) (1780[9] und 1742[10]), Inderste (1567), Indistria (1313), Entrista (1065) und Indrista (1013)), könnte auf die indogermanische Wurzel oid = schwellend, kräftig zurückgehen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Inderste&lt;ref name=&quot;Indistra&quot;/&gt; seu Indistria&lt;ref name=&quot;Indistra&quot;/&gt; seu Entrista&lt;ref name=&quot;Indistra&quot;/&gt;
| ''Innerste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|}

===Flumina inter 99 et 85 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 99 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba silvatica&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)&quot;) et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Wald-'' (cui vide [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Wald?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Navigium], ubi dicitur &quot;'''silvāticus a um''' (''a/o-Deklination'') Wald-, zum Wald gehörig&quot;).&lt;/ref&gt;
| Nabas Silvatica&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba silvatica&quot;/&gt; seu Napa Silvatica&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba silvatica&quot;/&gt; seu Nabe Silvaticum&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba silvatica&quot;/&gt; seu Nab Silvaticum&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba silvatica&quot;/&gt;
| ''Waldnaab''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 99
| [[Naba]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ukera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ukera&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.551/html?lang=en degruyter.com], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Ucker, die''' (in Brandenburg)&quot;, '''Uecker''' (in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) (...) 1168 ''fluminis ucrensis,'' 1235 (Kopie) ''parte aque'' (...) ''ukera, trans ukeram,'' (...) ''prope ukram'' (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ukara&lt;ref name=&quot;Ukera&quot;/&gt; seu Ukra&lt;ref name=&quot;Ukera&quot;/&gt; seu Flumen Ucrense&lt;ref name=&quot;Ukera&quot;/&gt; seu Ucra&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1805&quot;&gt;Bratring, F. W. A., auctore (1805). ''Statistisch-topographische Beschreibung der gesammten Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Friedrich Maurer.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Uecker''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98
| [[Lacus maritimus Stettinensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;LMS&quot;&gt;De hoc nomine, confer urbem [[Stettinum]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Ukera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ukera&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Alanda (fluvius)|Alanda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1841&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Aland'' seu ''Milde'' seu ''Biese'' seu ''Milde-Biese-Aland''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 97
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Sualmanaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmanaha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.hna.de/lokales/schwalmstadt/schwalmstadt-ort68394/der-nebelfluss-und-seine-geschichte-90881979.html hna.de], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In der älteren Wissenschaft wird behauptet, im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert habe der Fluss „Sualmanaha“, „Suualmanaha“ und „Swalmanaha“ gelautet, was Dampfwasser oder Nebelfluss oder Nebelgewässer bedeutete (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Suvalmanaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmanaha&quot;/&gt; seu Swalamanaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmanaha&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schwalm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 97
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Oura (Sura)|Oura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Binterim &amp; Mooren II 1831&quot;&gt;Binterim, A. J., &amp; Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. &lt;/ref&gt;
| Ura&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyer 1860&quot;&gt;Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Our'' seu ''Ur''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96
| [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dame]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dame&quot;&gt;Confer [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA86#v=snippet&amp;q=1440&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch] de regione homonymā, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) provincia, que Dame dicitur (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Dahme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Swarza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Swarza&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Schwarzach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95
| [[Naba]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wippera Onestrudis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Wipper''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Wipper''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Doxa (flumen)|Doxa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Doxa&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241226123407/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/5ca0240d-cb67-447b-838c-e448c1f84200/1003655.pdf Beiträge zur Geschichte der Besiedlung Nord- und Mitteldeutschlands mit Balkanslaven], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das ausschlaggebende Grundwort bei den bereits erwähnten und noch zu erwähnenden Formen scheint der Name der ''Dosse'', ein es Nebenflusses der Havel in der Prignitz. zu sein . Die frühesten, im Grunde jedoch spät einsetzenden Belege dieses Hydronyms sind: 1172 ''iuxta...Doxam'' (Helmold 40); 1274 ''dossa''; 1284 ''infra dosam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Dossa&lt;ref name=&quot;Doxa&quot;/&gt; seu Dosa&lt;ref name=&quot;Doxa&quot;/&gt;
| ''Dosse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 94
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Chinzichun&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt; seu Kinzicha&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt; seu Kynzichun&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt; seu Kynzicha&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kinzig''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kincicha]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|
| ''Kinzig''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Nagalta&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Nagaltha&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Naglatensis&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Nagold''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 91
| [[Enze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Enze&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Premantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Premantia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prims#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Eine lateinische Urkunde Karls des Großen von 802 erwähnt den Namen Premantia. Der Flussname Premantia oder Bhrimantia (von „wallen“/„summen“) dürfte der keltischen Epoche entstammen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bhrimantia
| ''Prims''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 91
| [[Saravus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Glana (Nava)|Glana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius 1891&quot;&gt;Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. Bonnae: Behrend &amp; Co.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Glan&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA177&amp;lpg=PA177&amp;dq=%22flumen+Glan%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ujmIwlysO7&amp;sig=ACfU3U23l5Qidd06sYVb0KVJREd8YLFvDQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwji5bbFwZ-HAxXgQvEDHdb5ClsQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22flumen%20Glan%22&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Glan, der r.z. Nahe (z. Rhein) bei Odernheim am Glan (...) ''super flumen Glan'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Glanus&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Widder, J. C. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen geographisch-historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz'' (Vol. 3). [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti ad Moenum]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Glan''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 90
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Helzaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helzaha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Rhein)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nach Berger (1999) sind die Namen ''Helzaha fluvium'' (763), ''Elzach'' (1234) und ''Elza'' (1335) urkundlich belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Elsach&lt;ref name=&quot;Helzaha&quot;/&gt; seu Elza&lt;ref name=&quot;Helzaha&quot;/&gt; seu Alisontia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Elz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 90
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida Moeni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidda_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name ''Nidda'' gehört zu den ältesten Gewässernamen Europas. Die im 1. Jahrhundert an der Nidda errichtete Römerstadt Nida deutet darauf hin, dass die Römer den Flussnamen bereits vorfanden. Die älteste mittelalterliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahr 782 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Nidda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 90
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Plissa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Pleiße''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 90
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Vutahe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vutahe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wutach articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Wutach wird im Jahr 1122 urkundlich erstmals genannt als ''Vutahe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Wutach'' seu ''Gutach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 90
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aach Zwiveltense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AZ&quot;&gt;De adiectivo Zwiveltense, confer articulum de [[Zwiveltum|urbe Zwivelto]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Zwiefalter Aach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Dinkel (flumen)|Dinkel]]
|
| ''Dinkel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89
| [[Vidrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Lacus Yssel]]
|-
| [[Raxa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Recknitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88
| [[Mare Balticum]]
| [[Raxa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapara&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Große Laber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 87
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Stora]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Stura&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Sturia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Stihira&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Stör''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 87
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Abrinca&lt;ref name=&quot;Vergleichendes&quot;/&gt; seu Abricca&lt;ref name=&quot;Vergleichendes&quot;&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=NvYRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA6&amp;lpg=PA6&amp;dq=Abricca&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=eTCBImcOgu&amp;sig=u6nCfXmVmg2Y28LgxVTT_TFVIf4&amp;hl=de&amp;ei=mzfBTpGBMe754QSxqJyoBA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CCMQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&amp;q=Abricca&amp;f=false Vergleichendes wörterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen geographie von Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Bischoff, Johann Heinrich Möller]&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Ahr''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hiera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der ursprüngliche Name des Flusses war Erfes (auch Erphes, Erfis oder Erphis), von dem der Name der Thüringer Landeshauptstadt Erfurt abstammt. Der Name Gera als Flussbezeichnung ist seit 1108 (Gerahe) belegt (...) Die lateinische Bezeichnung Hiera für Gera findet sich auch in der Benennung der alten Universität Erfurt als „Hierana“ (die an der Gera gelegene) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gera&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt; seu Erfes&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt; seu Erphes&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt; seu Erfis&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt; seu Erphis&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt; seu Gerahe&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt;
| ''Gera''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| 
| ''Prüm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Osterbek]]
|
| ''Osterbek''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| [[Alstria]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;magnum&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Große&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Audan Magnum&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| ''Große Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Schipbeek]]
|
| ''Schipbeek''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| [[Isala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isala&quot;/&gt;
| [[Isala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isala&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Wipper''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Sude''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|}

===Flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Amsara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Amsaris&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu Hemiscara&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu Eimscherna&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;  
| ''Emscher''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stepenitz&quot;&gt;Vide ''Usus aquarum, Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Nutzung und Bedeutung von Gewässern im Mittelalter'', , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1264) 1570 ''fluuii Stepenitz'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Stepenitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Aisca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aisca&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Früher wurde fälschlicherweise angenommen, dass die Herkunft des Namens Aisch (karolingisch Eisce und Eisge, in einer Urkunde von 1129 Aisca[6]) in seiner ursprünglichen Konnotation fischreich bedeutet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Eisce&lt;ref name=&quot;Aisca&quot;/&gt; seu Eisge&lt;ref name=&quot;Aisca&quot;/&gt;
| ''Aisch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83
| [[Radiantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wazowniza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wesenitz&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesenitz#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In der Oberlausitzer Grenzurkunde wurde der Fluss 1241 mehrfach als ''Wazowniza''&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wesenitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| Sala&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| ''Issel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82
| [[Isala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isala&quot;/&gt;
| [[Isala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isala&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Duria&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zusam#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Eine Landschaftsbezeichnung von 898 in pago Dúria („im Gau Dúria“) enthält den alten Namen des Flusses. Dieser stammt vermutlich vom keltisch/gallischen Wort *durā, *duriā, was so viel wie 'Flusslauf' bedeutet.[4] 1268 tritt der Name als Zvsma, 1269 als Zvsem, 1284 als Zeusme (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Zusma&lt;ref name=&quot;Duria&quot;/&gt; seu Zusem&lt;ref name=&quot;Duria&quot;/&gt; seu Zeusme&lt;ref name=&quot;Duria&quot;/&gt;
| ''Zusam''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Helmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Elmena&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Helme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Isia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Isinisca&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Isen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Helbe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helbe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helbe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)Im Jahr 1267 taucht der Fluss als ''aquam … Helbe'' erstmals in den schriftlichen Urkunden auf (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Helbe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Itessa]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Ichesa&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Itz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aha (flumen)|Aha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''ad Ahae fluvii'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Großache'' seu ''Kitzbüheler Ache'' seu ''Jochberger Ache'' seu ''Kössener Ache'' seu ''Tiroler Achen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
| [[Lacus Chiemensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chiemensis&quot;&gt;Gerhard Lorenz, [https://www.bavarikon.de/search?terms=Prior+von+Tegernsee&amp;lang=en&amp;facet=creator.name_str%3AGerhard%2C+Lorenz%3B+Verfasser &quot;Brevis Bavariae geographia&quot; (Herbipoli: 1844).]&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Murg''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wiesent]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiesent&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=6QkAAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA648&amp;lpg=PA648&amp;dq=%22amnis+Wiesent%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ll6FFVN8hL&amp;sig=ACfU3U3LV2O7iOzTO3ktkkn5305tf_T6fw&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwijsom6v7iHAxWwfKQEHRnRD_4Q6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22amnis%20Wiesent%22&amp;f=false ''Bryologia universa seu Systematica ad novam methodum dispositio'', Vol. II], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In lapidicinis et ad ripa amnis Wiesent prope Erlangam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|  
| ''Wiesent''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
| [[Radiantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| Vilsa&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| ''Vils''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78
| [[Naba]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Mintela]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Mindel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Remisus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remisus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&amp;pg=RA2-PT353&amp;lpg=RA2-PT353&amp;dq=Rems+fluvius&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&amp;sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Rems%20fluvius&amp;f=false FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS, auctore Christophoro Giglingio].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Remsa&lt;ref name=&quot;Remisus&quot;/&gt; seu Ramasia&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=bmITAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Ramasia&amp;dq=Ramasia&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjX3v-KyNvmAhXQLVAKHZyABysQ6AEIXDAH Fons nominis in ''Heinrich Bebels Facetien drei Bücher'', 1931, pag. 199]&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Rems''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Frimida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frimida&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfreimd_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ältesten Belege des Namens Pfreimd sind ''Frimida'' (1022/23), ''Frima'' (1024–1031), ''Phrime'' (um 1130; mit der alten Schreibung &lt;ph&gt; für &lt;pf&gt;) und ''Phrimede'' (1156) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Frima&lt;ref name=&quot;Frimida&quot;/&gt; seu Phrime&lt;ref name=&quot;Frimida&quot;/&gt; seu Phrimede&lt;ref name=&quot;Frimida&quot;/&gt;
| ''Pfreimd''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
| [[Naba]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Smuttura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Schmutter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ilma (Bavaria)|Ilma]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilma&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilm_(Abens)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Jahre 821 schrieb man ''Ilma'', 890 ''Ilminam'', 920 ''Ilmim'' und seit 1322 ''Ilm'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ilmina&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilma&quot;/&gt; seu Ilmin&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilma&quot;/&gt; seu Ilm&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilma&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ilm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 75
| [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia Danubii]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lade]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lade&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung (fluuium Lade) stammt aus der ersten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Leda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 75
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murga NB&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Neuburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Lauter hieß am Unterlauf in keltisch-römischer Zeit Murga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Lutra&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Lauter'' seu ''Wieslauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 75
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Tribula (Penus)|Tribula Peni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribula&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Trebel, Fluß, unterhalb Demmin in die Peene, 1285 aqva, que Tribula dicitur, 1292 supra Treble, 1298 fluvius Trebele (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Treble&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribula&quot;/&gt;
| ''Trebel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 75
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|}

===Flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Kambeloch]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kambeloch&quot;&gt;Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Kammel''', Fluss links zur Mindel (z.Donau), ON. Kammlach (Lkr. Unterallgäu), 1243 ''Kambeloch'', &lt; FlN. (kelt.) *''Kambal''- (+ ahd. -''aha'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Kammel'' seu ''Kammlach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74
| [[Mintela]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lesura (flumen Germanicum)|Lesura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lesura&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieser_(Mosel)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name des Baches ist keltischen Ursprungs.[4] Die früheste Erwähnung der Lieser als ''Lesura'' findet sich in dem um 371 entstandenen Gedicht Mosella von Ausonius.[5] In Vers 365 steht: „Praetereo exilem Lesuram“ (die armselige Lieser übergehe ich).[6] In einem Testament aus dem Dezember 634 wird von Weingütern an der Lieser berichtet, die der Eigentümer besitzt: „Vineas ad Lesuram … quas possedi“.[7] Seit dem späten 8. Jahrhundert wandelt sich das e im Flussnamen ''Lesura'' zu ''i'' oder y, wobei auch der Name Lisera vorkommt. Der heutige Name ''Lieser'' ist erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahr 1357 beleg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Lisera
| ''Lieser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Iesne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iesne&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeetzel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird um das Jahr 1014 als Jesne erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Jeetzel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Treya]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
| ''Treene''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73
| [[Egdor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;/&gt;
| [[Egdor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egdor&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
| ''Roter Main''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Soeste]]
| 
| ''Soeste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72
| [[Jümme (flumen)|Jümme]]
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wachna]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Waharna&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Werre''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Abens''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]]
|
| ''Böhme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Vesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vesa&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=ELmR13uk8BwC&amp;pg=PA1792&amp;lpg=PA1792&amp;dq=Vesdre+%22Vesa%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=dWgI2GF9n1&amp;sig=ACfU3U3Fu4SstiopCZsYdLFXxKIkWlO_Qg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiUvcSP-rWHAxX3RPEDHdwiBGY4ChDoAXoECB0QAw#v=onepage&amp;q=Vesdre%20%22Vesa%22&amp;f=false ''Dictionnaire Géographique Et Statistique Sur Un Plan Entièrement Nouveau, Volume 2''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''VESDRE''', lat. ''Vesa'', riv. d'Europe affl. dr. de l'Ourte à Chênée (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Weser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71
| [[Urta]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]]
|
| ''Agger''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sura (Rhenus)|Sura Rheni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Sauer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Arguna Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ArgInf&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', &quot;inferior-ius&quot;. &lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Untere Argen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| [[Arguna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arguna&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)Der Fluss wird 839 erstmals als ''ad Argunam'' schriftlich erwähnt. Er bedeutete ursprünglich 'hell, glänzend, (blitz)schnell' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Haidenaab]]
|
| ''Haidenaab''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| [[Naba]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  [[Nidder]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nidder&quot;&gt;Vide [https://geschichtsvereinhoechst.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Hoechster-Geschichtsverein-Geschichtshefte-1978-heft-30-31-kurmainische-schloss-zu-hoechst-am-main.pdf ''Das kurmainzische Schloß zu Höchst am Main''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Moenus fluvius, Nidder fluvius (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Nidder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Sinn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| [[Sala (Moeni)|Sala Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala in pago&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Weteraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Weteraha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde 772 als „Wetteraha“ erstmals schriftlich erwähnt.[5] Weitere Namensformen sind „Weteraha“, „Wettera“, „Wetera“ und „Weter“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Wettera&lt;ref name=&quot;Weteraha&quot;/&gt; seu Wetera&lt;ref name=&quot;Weteraha&quot;/&gt; seu Weter&lt;ref name=&quot;Weteraha&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wetter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Tollense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tollense&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=THpYAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;lpg=PA1&amp;dq=%22flumen+Tollense%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=CdYxZN4qYZ&amp;sig=ACfU3U3_0MiH2yDFIhsR5LpriED48tJvfw&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjsgNbVl7aHAxXJYPEDHUnIA9cQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22flumen%20Tollense%22&amp;f=false ''Georgii Tertii ... Regis Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, Hiberniae defensoris''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) quorum illos LAacus et flumen Tollense Stargardiae et Pomeraniae exteriori vindicant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Tollense''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 68
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Flöha]]
|
| ''Flöha''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
| [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albinus 1590&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Huna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huna&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002197301_01/_naa002197301_01_0003.php ''Naamkunde. Jaargang 5''] ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De '''Haune''', rechterbijrivier van de Fulda te Bad Hersfeld (Land Hessen, Reg.-Bez. Kassel, Landkr. en AG Hersfeld): 747 (onecht stuk, waarschijnlijk van 822-24; hs. kort na het midden der XIIe e.) ''in australem Hûnam ... in Hunam'', 789 (k. kort na het midden der XIIe e. van k. 828) ''fluvii, quae vocatur Huna''(40); ...; 980 (or.) ''in fluvium Huna vocatum ... in Hunaha, de Hunaha''(41). (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Hunaha
| ''Haune''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Labere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Labere&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde der Fluss etwa um 1150 als Labere (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Schwarze Laber'' seu ''Schwarze Laaber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Schwarzer Schöps]]
|
| ''Schwarzer Schöps''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Werse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Werse&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werse#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der älteste urkundliche Beleg des Namens der Werse stammt aus dem Jahr 1189 als ''Werse'', und aus dem Jahr 1279 stammt die Form ''de Wersa''. Für das Jahr 1316 erscheint in Lateinisch der Eintrag ''molendino dicto Wersa'', also ein Mühlort, beziehungsweise eine Wassermühle die (an der) Werse genannt wird (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Wersa&lt;ref name=&quot;Werse&quot;/&gt;
| ''Werse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Löcknitz]]
|
| ''Löcknitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Bilena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Billena&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Bille''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bunaha&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Baunach|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad Bunaha ubi ecclesia edificata erat (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Baunach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ilissus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Ilsus&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Iltsa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Iltza&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Ilz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Lapara parva|Lapara Parva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapara&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kleine Laber'' seu ''Kleine Laaber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65
| [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapara&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nuthe|Nuthe Habalae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nuthe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Y-VGAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA497&amp;lpg=PA497&amp;dq=%22fluvius+nuthe%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ew4OufOUqY&amp;sig=ACfU3U1NZgQzw_R5Ctg_Z4y-xjPnhODopA&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwje1uS7p7aHAxWFQvEDHTzqD6sQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22fluvius%20nuthe%22&amp;f=false ''Cornelii Taciti opera quae supersunt''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nuithones, populus Germaniae in comitatu Marchiae Mediae, ubi fluvius ''Nuthe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Nuthe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Möhne]]
|
| ''Möhne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nister (flumen)|Nister]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nister&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/cellarius1/cellariushistoria.html CHRISTOPHORI CELLARII HISTORIA UNIVERSALIS BREVITER AC PERSPICVE EXPOSITA IN ANTIQUAM, ET MEDII AEV AC NOVAM DIVISA, CUM NOTIS PERPETVIS EDITIO XI. AD NOSTRA USQUE TEMPORA CONTINVATA ET SUMMARIIS AUCTA], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Cochin vocatur castellum ad fluvium Nister, quod pacificatione post hanc victoriam Walachorum principi a Polonis restitutum fuit'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Nister'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rezat]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=bqhMAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PP12&amp;lpg=PP12&amp;dq=amnis+,+Rezat+feu+Redniz+,+olim+Radiantia+dictus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=CXb6OXVZC-&amp;sig=ACfU3U0rrGccL2eu9TSN4x0nIlOWdLfgUA&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiPxaDRwraHAxVdVPEDHcn8C2wQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=amnis%20%2C%20Rezat%20feu%20Redniz%20%2C%20olim%20Radiantia%20dictus&amp;f=false ''Natalem vicesimum septimum serenissimae principis ac dominae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rezat seu Redniz, olim Radiantia dictus (...)&quot;. Quamquam, secundum hunc librum, nomina &quot;Radiantia&quot; et &quot;Rezat&quot; et &quot;Redniz&quot; synonyma olim erant, eligitur &quot;Rezat&quot; flumini hodie Theodisce ''Fränkische Rezat'' nuncupato; nomen &quot;Radiantia&quot; flumini hodie Theodisce ''Regnitz'' nuncupato; nomen &quot;Redniz&quot; flumini hodie Theodisce ''Rednitz'' nuncupato. Flumini hodie Theodisce ''Schwäbische Rezat'' nuncupato, eligitur nomen &quot;Radentia&quot;, secundum articulum de hoc flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Jahr 793 wurde der Fluss erstmals als „Radentia“ erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Fränkische Rezat''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
| [[Redniz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Salica (flumen)|Salica]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Selke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
| [[Boda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Wenkbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Wenkbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
| [[Par-Allna]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Alzus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;&gt;Vide [http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Alz,''' f ''Alzus, i, m'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alezussa, ae, f'' [ORB p.59]; ''Alzissa, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alszista, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alasa, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alaza, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.61]; ''Alza, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Acha, ae, f'' [ORB p.53]; ''Achsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.53]; ''Achza, ae, f'' [ORB p.53] {flumen Germanicum, quod in Aeno influit} (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Alezussa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Alzissa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Alszista,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Alasa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Alaza,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Alsa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Alza,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Acha,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Achsa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt; Achza&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Salia&lt;ref name=&quot;Chytraeus 1599&quot;&gt;Chytraeus, D. (1599). ''Saxonia, ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad MDXCIX recognita, et ad hoc usque praesentem annum MDC continuata''. [[Lipsia]]e: Impensis Henningi Grosii.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Selz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Salmona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| Salma&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| ''Salm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Fils''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Werma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Werma&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wern#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Den Namen schrieb man im 8. Jahrhundert ''Werma'' und um das Jahr 1015 ''Werina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wern''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Emmera]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Ambra&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Emmer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Esta&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Este''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Milnitz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Milnitz&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 ''Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Mildenitz, Nebenfluß der Warnow, 1237 die bach Milnitz, 1256 usque Milnitz fluuium, 1272 aqua Mildenizce (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Mildenizce
| ''Mildenitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| [[Warnou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;/&gt;
| [[Warnou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;/&gt;
|- 
| [[Ursena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Ursene&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Örtze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Scuzina]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Schussen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| [[Lacus Bodamicus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Zwentine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwentine&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=JusDAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA690&amp;lpg=PA690&amp;dq=%22Zwentina%22+Schwentine&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=NShweEDAaE&amp;sig=ACfU3U1QJPxuSMkZU_e946z20Z2AyCu0Cg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwieo7P51LaHAxXW1QIHHRflAKkQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Zwentine%22%20&amp;f=false ''Urkundensammlung der Schledswig-holstein-lauenburgischen ..., Volume 1''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cujus termini sunt in aquilonari parte a Zwentine usque ad Lapides (...) situm in Zwentina fluvio prope clautrum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Zwentina&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwentine&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwentina&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwentine#Historisches hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Auch Namensformen wie Zwentina, Zuentina, Suentana sind historisch belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Zuentina&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwentina&quot;/&gt; seu Suentana&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwentina&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schwentine''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| [[Lacus Parvus Ploenensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;LPP&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius lacūs nomen (Theodisce ''Kleiner Plöner See'') adiacenti ex urbe [[Ploena|Ploenā]]. Latino de huius urbis nomine, vide {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Zwentine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwentine&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nemesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nemesa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nims#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Nims wird bereits in römischer Zeit vom Dichter Decim(i)us Magnus Ausonius in seinem Werk &quot;Mosella&quot; als ''Nemesa'' erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Nims''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61
| [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Plana (Habala)|Plana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Plana&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1849). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Praecipua pars 1, Volumen 8. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Plane''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| 
| ''Ohm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ardaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Arda&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Aar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kraichbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Kraichbach'' seu ''Kraich''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Locha (flumen Germanicum)|Locha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Locha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauchert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Nennungen des 13. Jh. heißt der Fluss ''Locha'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Locha2&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/wirtembergische02staagoog/wirtembergische02staagoog_djvu.txt ''Wirtembergisches urkundenbuch; herausgegeben von dem Königlichen staatsarchiv in Stuttgart''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) qui  ex  arce  nostra  Altenburg  ad  flumen,  quod  Locha  dicitur (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Lauchert''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nebula&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebel_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Nebel ist 1189 als ''Nebula'' ersturkundlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Nebel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| [[Warnou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;/&gt;
| [[Warnou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Phunzin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Phunzin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Z2oAAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA69&amp;lpg=PA69&amp;dq=%22Pfinz%22+fluvius&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ivgR20gcuE&amp;sig=ACfU3U0GvdH1J3wBfLY8Wl4IQyDP8hsMsA&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjn4OGb7LaHAxWlR_EDHQmmDRAQ6AF6BAgaEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Pfinz%22%20fluvius&amp;f=false ''Geographia pagorum vetustae Germaniae cisrhenanorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) PHUNZIN fl. (h. ''Pfin'') a quo pagellus nomen traxit, oritur non longe a Portâ Hercininiae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Pfinz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Pulsnicia (fluvius)|Pulsnicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Müller 1715&quot;&gt;Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Polsniza&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1883&quot;&gt;Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen y Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Polsnicz&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen (Band 1)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Pulsnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elstra Nigra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spira&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=FwLmPwST_TIC&amp;pg=PA36&amp;lpg=PA36&amp;dq=%22Speyerbach%22+flumen&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=MMu5IpjCnq&amp;sig=ACfU3U1UUwmNCx1XsPxoC3xBNCcwKc0JDA&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwigoozG6LaHAxUpR_EDHZYBDiUQ6AF6BAgYEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Speyerbach%22%20flumen&amp;f=false ''Der Kaiser-Dom zu Speyer: eine topographisch-historische Monographie, Volume 1''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) inde autem ad flumen Spira (Speyerbach) dictum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Speyerbach'' seu ''Speyer'' seu ''Speierbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|}

===Flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Alisontia (Mosella)|Alisontia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
| ''Elzbach'' seu ''Elz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Almana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Aliso&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Alme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fona]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Fuhne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nitasa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Nette''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Radiantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| Rekinzi&lt;ref name=&quot;Rekinzi&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnitz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Es ist erstmals in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1160 als „Rekinzi“ erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Regnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wiscoz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiscoz&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weschnitz#Flussname hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Auf die Weschnitz wird mit Wiscoz, Wisgots[4] oder ähnlichen Schreibweisen in zahlreichen Urkunden des Lorscher Codex als Referenz für die Lage des Klosters Lorsch Bezug genommen. Auch in anderen lateinischen Publikationen erscheint dieser Name.[5] (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Wisgots
| ''Weschnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lubetowe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lubetowe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.sorabicon.de/kulturlexikon/artikel/prov_urb_tjk_d3b/ ''Gewässernamen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) danach benannt ist das ''Löbauer Wasser'', das aber 1228/1241 ''Lubotna'' hieß, 1268 ''flumen Lubetowe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Löbauer Wasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Luya|Luya Ilmenae]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Lia&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Luhe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Manachfialta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Manachfialta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/lc-de-en-liste2.html ''Liber...censualium: Digitale Edition - Nachträge und Einbindungen fol. 39 - 43v''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Haienperch totum in circuito inde inter flumina Manachfialta et Slieraha usque ad Hesilintal (...) (...) ''Manachfialta'': TF Mangfall (...) de Hesilintal sursum iuxta Slieraha usque ad Rotenpach inde usque ad cacumen Citolfesecca inde usque ad medietatem Manachvalte. inde iusum iuxta Manachvalta usque ad Hesilental (...) ''Manachvalta'': TF Mangfall (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Manachvalta&lt;ref name=&quot;Manachfialta&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mangfall''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&amp;cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N - Z''].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Parthe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Schuntra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Scontra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Scuntra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Schunter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| [[Ovacra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovacra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Secunda Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Secunda Alestra&quot;&gt;Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/fulltext.php?docid=635&amp;search=Kleine+Elster Monumenta Egrana I], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) die secunda Alestra sicher gleich mit der Elstra minor (der kleinen Elster) einer nicht viel späteren Urkunde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Elstra Minor&lt;ref name=&quot;Secunda Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kleine Elster''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
| [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elstra Nigra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Stibarna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stibarna&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog_djvu.txt ''Gründungsgeschichte der stifter, pfarrkirchen, klöster und kapellen im bereiche des alten bisthums Münster, mit ausschluss des ehemaligen friesischen theils''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sülfen Tiegt naͤmlich unweit des Steverfluffes (Stibarna, Stivarna, Stiburna) (...) h „iuxta Stibarna“ bezeichnet wird (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Stivarna&lt;ref name=&quot;Stibarna&quot;/&gt; seu Stiburna&lt;ref name=&quot;Stibarna&quot;/&gt;
| ''Stever''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Tannbacum (Sala)|Tannbacum Salae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Tannbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wundreb&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius fluminis nomen e Latino homonymi oppiduli nomine, secundum [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Regesta sive rerum boicarum autographa ad annum usque MCCC''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ulricua judex de Wundreb (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Wondreb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| [[Agara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Darmbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Darmbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]]
| Leyn&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Lein''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Owe Burgdorfiense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Burgd.&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; et adiectivo &quot;Burgdorfiense&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)&quot;. De adiectivo &quot;Burgdorfiensis-e&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Audan Burgdorfiense&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Burgd.&quot;/&gt;
| ''Burgdorfer Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Reineche]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Reineche&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rench#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Rench wurde 1291 erwähnt als ''rivus Reineche'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Rench''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Simmerbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Simmerbach&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=wBQ-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA22&amp;lpg=PA22&amp;dq=%22rivus+Simmerbach%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=cYl1hMp3vI&amp;sig=ACfU3U1uPmMXEYefVbUd15wXK5KAd9wPJg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjmufD1vbmHAxWlBNsEHc5MBDEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22rivus%20Simmerbach%22&amp;f=false ''De Tauni montis parte Transrhenana''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) propagatum rivus Simmerbach transit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Simmerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ulster (flumen)|Ulster]]
|
| ''Ulster''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| [[Weraha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Vurmicus|Vurmicus Rurae]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Vurmnis&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Wurm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wyda&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Wyda|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Weida&lt;ref name=&quot;Wyda&quot;/&gt; seu Weitaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Wyda&quot;/&gt; seu Wida&lt;ref name=&quot;Wyda&quot;/&gt; seu Weyda&lt;ref name=&quot;Wyda&quot;/&gt;
| ''Weida''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Alpha (Isala Vetus)|Alpha Isalae Veteris]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Bocholter Aa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Isala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isala&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Alstria]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Alstra&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu Halstera&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu Affalstria&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Alster''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ebera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebera&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231091120/http://ebersberger-historie.de/assets/jb_2_web.pdf Weitere Eber-Namen in Deutschland], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Reiche Ebrach (l. zur Regnitz, 1069 Ebera) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Reiche Ebrach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| [[Radiantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hursilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hursilla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://collections.thulb.uni-jena.de/receive/HisBest_cbu_00084275 ''Collections@Urmel''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 979 in fluvio quodam Hursilla vocat qui fluit in Lupinzgovve (...) 1014 de capella ad Hûrselen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Hurselen
| ''Hörsel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| [[Weraha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Oder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| [[Ruma (flumen)|Ruma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Schuttera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Schutter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Swareza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| Swartza&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt; seu Swarza&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schwarzach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| [[Redniz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dillena]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Dill''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Guntia (flumen)|Guntia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| Gontia&lt;ref name=&quot;Gontia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name wird in der Antike schon im 2./3. Jahrhundert inschriftlich erwähnt (Gontiae sacr(um)).  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Günz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Horone]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Horone&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(Schwarzbach)#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ancienne mention : ''Hornsbach&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'' (1150). D'après l'aha, « ''zuo deru hoawinum bacha'' ». Une deuxième Horn, appelée maintenant Breidenbach, a formé les localités d'Althorn et Neuhorn qui s'écrivent en 783 « ''in marca Horone''&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; ».  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Hornsbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Horone&quot;/&gt;
| ''Horn'' seu ''Hornsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| [[Burchalben]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Burchalben&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schlinge (flumen)|Schlinge]]
|
| ''Schlinge''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| [[Bielheimerbeek]]
| [[Isala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isala&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiese&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=bhl-001%3A1913%3A22%3A%3A276 ''Über das Vorkommen von Teesdalia und Subularia in der Schweiz''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad flumen Wiese (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Wiese''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wisinta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisinta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuoft/page/172/mode/2up?view=theater&amp;q=wisinta https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuof]&lt;/ref&gt;
| Wisenta&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisenta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.bergfex.de/sommer/thueringen/touren/wanderung/1008459,wandern-um-die-talsperre-loessau/ ''Wandern um die Talsperre Lössau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Jahr 1071 wird das Flüsschen erstmals erwähnt, das Gebiet, das sie durchfließt wird als „terra Wisenta“ = Wisentaland bezeichnet (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Wisenta''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Woblitz]]
|
| ''Woblitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Acher]]
|
| ''Acher''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Inda (flumen)|Inda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Inda&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Der Name der Inde ist als ''Inda'' zuerst belegt für die Zeit der Jahre 496 bis 506 n. Chr. in einer Handschrift des 13./14. Jahrhunderts, welche ihrerseits eine aus dem 7./8. Jahrhundert stammende Kopie der ''Cosmographia'' (4, 24) des Geographen von Ravenna kopiert. Der Ortsname der Klostergründung der Reichsabtei Kornelimünster im frühen 9. Jahrhundert, der zuerst ebenfalls kurz ''Inda'' lautete, erscheint bis 855 als ''Sancti Corneli ad Indam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Inde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Köhntop]]
|
| ''Köhntop''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
| [[Ukera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ukera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Ukera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ukera&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Rot&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Rott&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Rote&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Rot''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Truna (Alzus|Truna Alzensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Traun''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
| [[Alzus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vurmicus Nagalda&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Würm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
| [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Elisinza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elisinza&quot;&gt;Vide [http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/alisantia-alisontia-elsenz-16628.htm Encyclopédie de l'Arbre Celtique], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nom antique de l'Elsenz, rivière affluente du Neckar (...). Cet hydronyme apparaît ensuite sous les formes ''Elisinza fluvius, sursum Elizinza'' et ''Elisenza'' dans un Acte du roi Otton III, daté du 1&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt; janvier 988 (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
| Elizinza&lt;ref name=&quot;Elisinza&quot;/&gt; seu Elisenza&lt;ref name=&quot;Elisinza&quot;/&gt;
| ''Elsenz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ferum Bistrice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferum Bistrice&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo &quot;ferum&quot; (Theodisce ''Wilde'') et nomine Latino &quot;Bistrice&quot;. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur &quot;Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ferum Buistrizi&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferum Bistrice&quot;/&gt; seu Februm Wisteritz&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferum Bistrice&quot;/&gt; seu Ferum Wistricz&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferum Bistrice&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wilde Weißeritz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| [[Bistrice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bistrice&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Radaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Rodach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]]
|
| ''Schwarza''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Schwarzach (Alcmana)|Schwarzach Alcmanae]]
|
| ''Schwarzach'' seu ''Schwarza''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| [[Alcmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Steinbacum (Herbipolis)|Steinbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Steinbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aach Linzgauviense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lizgauviense&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Linzgauviense&quot; ad Linzgauvia refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzgau#Mittelalter eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in pago Linzgauvia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Linzer Aach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]]
|
| ''Alf''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brancia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Die romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Brenz''', Fluss links zur Donau, mündet zwischen Faimingen und Lauingen (Lkr. Dillingen an der Donau), um 774 ''fluvium Brancia'', &lt; (kelt.) *''Brandisa'' (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Brenz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Murrensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murrensis&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Er ist bereits in der Bezeichnung der römerzeitlichen Ansiedlung vicus murrensis belegt, die ein bei Benningen oder bei Murrhardt gelegenes Lagerdorf war (...)&quot;. Quo ex vico, fingitur Latinum huius fluminis nomen.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Murr''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nesse (Hursilla)|Nesse Hursillae]]
|
| ''Nesse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Hursilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hursilla&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Queicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling 1852&quot;&gt;Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer: Vol. I. Aetates antiquiores et medii aevi''. Kirchheim &amp; Schott.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Queich&lt;ref name=&quot;Queich&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=1ikVoFz9F-MC&amp;pg=PA70&amp;lpg=PA70&amp;dq=%22Queich%22+flumen&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=dVXN9_IKSb&amp;sig=ACfU3U3lXPV-apGeopoOVaDcEsxRaPxROw&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjz9LzMuruHAxWXcaQEHbD9DMoQ6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Queich%22%20flumen&amp;f=false ''Atlas novus exhibens orbem terraqueum per naturae (...)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LANDAW ''Landavia'' V. satis ampla &amp; nunc egregiè ''munita'' olim ''Imperialis,'' ad Flumen ''Queich'' (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Queich''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rognitzium (flumen)|Rognitzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chytraeus 1593&quot;&gt;Chytraeus, D. (1593). ''Chronicon Saxoniae et vicinarum aliquot gentium: ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad 1593''. Impensis haeredum Iacobi Lucii.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Rögnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rota Danubii&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Roth'' seu ''Roth am Sand'' seu ''Roth bei Nürnberg''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Snudra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Snudra&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.philol.uni-leipzig.de/fileadmin/Fakult%C3%A4t_Philo/Namenberatungsstelle/NBS_Webseite/Onomastica_Lipsiensia_Band07_Alt-Leipzig_und_das_Leipziger_Land_2010.pdf ''Alt-Leipzig und das Leipziger Land''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Schnauder''', die, r → Weißen Elster sö. Groitzsch. 1104 ''infra Wiram et Snudram'', (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Schnauder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]]
|
| ''Stepenitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Welse (Viadrus)|Welse Viadri]]  
|
| ''Welse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alba&quot;&gt;Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Alb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Chambe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chambe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.ffw-hof.de/chronik/entstehung-der-ortschaft-hof.html ''Entstehung der Ortschaft Hof''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) “Cella ad Chambe super regnum flumen“ (Klösterlein bei Chamb am Regenfluss) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Chamb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
| [[Regana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Regana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Eltingmuhlebacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Eltingmühlenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
| [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]]
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Gaspentia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Gaspenza&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Gersprenz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sinckalta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinckalta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=8d5lAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA77&amp;lpg=PA77&amp;dq=flumen+%22Singold%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=qEiD_QX4Mw&amp;sig=ACfU3U1wTsemX_SdGib3RWUmMUyhhHHpqQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiS3-qvnb6HAxXkVfEDHXWxB40Q6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=flumen%20%22Singold%22&amp;f=false ''Jahrs-Bericht des historischen Vereins im Oberdonau-Kreise''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Inde ad flumen ''Sinckalta'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Singold''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
| [[Wertaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Alasenza (flumen)|Alasenza]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| Alisinza&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Alsenz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Arguna Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ArgSup&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', &quot;superior-ius&quot;. &lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Obere Argen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Arguna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arguna&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Burchalben]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Burchalben&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: ''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schwarzbachs, l.z. Blies (z. Saar z. Mosel z. Rhein). – 1180 Burchalben, (...)&quot; et [https://books.google.es/books?id=I-9aAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA351&amp;lpg=PA351&amp;dq=Burchalben&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=vXYbdT7nPZ&amp;sig=ACfU3U2vjL9nMi7VLCnfIdvQe0tDfpo3tw&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiPv6n0x76HAxUMVKQEHVe7F04Q6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Burchalben&amp;f=false ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae et...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in confinio ''Vosagi'' situm, rivulis scilicet: ''Hermanesbach, Mosalben, &amp; Burchalben'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Burgalb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
|  [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Blesa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Clana (Ambra)|Clana Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Clana Ambrae&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ihren Namen hat der Fluss aus dem keltischen: „Glanos“, das heißt rein und glänzend, oder „glana“, was so viel wie die „Reine, Heilige“ bedeutet. Die Römer haben diesen Namen übernommen. In Urkunden um das Jahr 770 wurde der Fluss mit „Clana“ bezeichnet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Glonn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Delvunda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|
| ''Delvenau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Deya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deya&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyach_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Auch in älteren Berichten findet sich die Bezeichnung „Deya“, so in der Topographia Sueviae von Matthäus Merian von 1643/1656 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Eyach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hisne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hisne&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals wird die Ise im Jahr 786 (''in ortum Hisne'') urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Ise''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hollerbacum (Morre)|Hollerbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Hollerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mosacus (Isara)|Mosacus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Mosa&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Moosach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nemaninga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mümling&quot;/&gt;
| Mimilingum&lt;ref name=&quot;Mümling&quot;/&gt; seu Mimelinga&lt;ref name=&quot;Mümling&quot;/&gt; seu Mimininga&lt;ref name=&quot;Mümling&quot;/&gt; seu Mimelingen&lt;ref name=&quot;Mümling&quot;/&gt; seu Minimingaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Mümling&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mümling'' seu ''Mömling''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]]
|
| ''Nethe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Nieplitz]]
|
| ''Nieplitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Nuthe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nuthe&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Riussaia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riussaia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riousiaoua#Etymologisches &quot;Riousiaoua&quot;] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Albrecht Greule setzt den Namen mit dem Flussnamen Riß gleich, der in den ältesten Erwähnungen als ''Riussaiam'' (anno 1293) erscheint. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Riß''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Salzaha (Rhenus)|Salzaha Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Saalbach Salzaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalbach_(Rhein)#Namen_und_Definitionen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Lorscher Codex wird das Gewässer 769 ''fluvius Salzaha'' genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Saalbach'' seu ''Salbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Urdefa&quot;&gt;Vide [http://www.lateinboard.de/topic,4345,-uebersetzung-von-latein-in-deutsch-einer-schenkungsurkunde-vo.html ''Übersetzung von latein in deutsch einer Schenkungsurkunde vo''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) usque ad locum ubi Urdefa (der Fluss Urft; derVerfasser) cadit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Urft''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ursna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| Orsna&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ahse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Volme]]
|
| ''Volme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Zenna (flumen)|Zenna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zenna&quot;&gt;Nomen homonymo ex oppidulo apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&amp;cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&amp;lang=de Bavarikon].&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Zenn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| [[Radiantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|}

===Flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Ersene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ersene&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aue_und_Erse#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die Erse wird 1335 zum ersten Mal schriftlich genannt (''in fluvio Ersene'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Aue'' seu ''Erse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Fuhse]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Erubris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erubris&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwer articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die '''Ruwer''' (lat.: ''Erubris, Rubora'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rubora&lt;ref name=&quot;Erubris&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ruwer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]]
| 
| ''Gennach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Wertaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Hamma (flumen)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamma&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1331 (a flumine Hamma) erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Hamme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Lesmonia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lesum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Mohelnice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohelnice&quot;&gt;Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/book/1244?lpage=84&amp;search=mohelnice Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Regni Bohemiae], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Fortasse Žadlovice apud Loštice, a Mohelnice (Müglitz) meridiem versus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Müglitz&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohelnice&quot;/&gt;
| ''Müglitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigra Aqua&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur &quot;Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Schwarzwasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Sülz (flumen)|Sülz]]
| 
| ''Sülz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Uchte]]
| 
|''Uchte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Alanda (fluvius)|Alanda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1841&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F. (1841). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften für die Geschichte der Mark Brandenburg und ihrer Regenten'' (Haupttheil I, Band 1). F. H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Ussbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Üßbach'' seu ''Ueßbach'' seu ''Üssbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bilerna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bühler&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BChler_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die Bühler wird 1024 als ''Bilerna'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Bühler''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dreisima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dreisima&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreisam#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen sind von 864 (''Dreisima'') und 1008 (''Treisama'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Treisama&lt;ref name=&quot;Dreisima&quot;/&gt;
|''Dreisam''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| [[Helzaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helzaha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gugelitz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gugelitz&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4glitz_(Prignitz)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt aus dem Jahr 1259 (''aquam … Gugelitz'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Jäglitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Karthana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Karthana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karthane#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahr 1274 (''supra karthanam'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Karthane''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stepenitz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruma&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.cloeser.org/gewaesser/Gewaesser_Harz_0.8.pdf cloeser.org], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) die Ausgangsform ist aufgrund des erst ab dem 12. Jahrhundert in Form von „Ruma“ urkundlich überlieferten Namens nicht bestimmbar (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Rhume''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Stregus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stregus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Striegis Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Herkunft: (über Stregus, Striguz (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Striguz&lt;ref name=&quot;Stregus&quot;/&gt;
|''Große Striegis'' seu ''Striegis''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| [[Mulda Fribergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Eberbach|Eberbach Radiantiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eberbach&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Rauhe Ebrach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| [[Radiantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gliniza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gliniza&quot;&gt;Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;sca_esv=43a98bb4673fd18f&amp;sca_upv=1&amp;sxsrf=ADLYWIIODv_ebdbY2kK1Pfejy7VR1TeitQ:1726352083389&amp;q=%22Glinizam%22+Glems&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwib8b_VusOIAxWBQPEDHRUMCUoQ5t4CegQIGxAB&amp;biw=1280&amp;bih=587&amp;dpr=1.5 hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) usque in Glinizam locum,. 1172 (Kopie 19. Jh ... Glems, die r.z. Enz (z. Neckar z. Rhein) ... der Glems, GauN. 769 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Glemisgouwe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Glems''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| [[Enze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Enze&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Holtemna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Holtemna&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtemme#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In den mittelalterlichen Urkunden wurde der Fluss ''Holtemna'' (ca. 1050, 1184), ''Holtempna'' (ca. 1150, 1230, 1241, 1277), ''Holtemne'' (1373, 1378) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Holtempna&lt;ref name=&quot;Holtemna&quot;/&gt; seu Holtemne&lt;ref name=&quot;Holtemna&quot;/&gt;
|''Holtemme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| [[Boda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdendis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur &quot;Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)&quot;; cui autem adiectivo, confer [https://archive.org/stream/aeltereuniversi00friegoog/aeltereuniversi00friegoog_djvu.txt Aeltere universitäts matrikeln], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Martinas  Sacreiz  Hoyerswerdensis  Lasatas (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Hoyerswerdaer Schwarzwasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elstra Nigra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Villa (flumen)|Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Villa&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil_(Lahn)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name Weil ist wahrscheinlich vom lateinischen Wort ''villa'' (= Dorf) abgeleite (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Weil''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aa Steinfurtensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aa Stein&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex nomine fluminum Westphaliensium &quot;Aa&quot; apud {{Lexicon Universale}} et ex adiectivo derivato a toponymo &quot;Steinfurtum&quot; apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Steinfurter Aa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
| [[Vidrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Lacus Yssel]]
|-
| [[Brienna (flumen)|Brienna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brienna&quot;&gt;Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Prien''' am Chiemsee (Lkr. Rosenheim), Flussname ca.1130-ca.1150 ''iuxta Briennam riuolum'' &lt; kelt. *''Brigesnā'' ‘Bergbach’. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|''Prien''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
| [[Lacus Chiemensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chiemensis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Hassenbeck]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassenbeck&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenne#Geschichte_und_Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name „Haustenbach“ findet sich bereits als ''Hassenbeck flu.'' auf einer um 1620 entstandenen Karte des Kartographen Johannes Gigas (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Glenne'' seu ''Haustenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Pregin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pregin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breg#Namensherkunft articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die Breg wurde erstmals 1152/86 in einer lateinischen Quelle (''apud pregin'' „bei der Breg“) erwähnt, 1234 dann als „Brega“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Brega&lt;ref name=&quot;Pregin&quot;/&gt;
| ''Breg''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
| [[Brichena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brigach&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigach#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Der Fluss wird 1084 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''ab fontibus Brichena'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Redniz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| Radantia&lt;ref name=&quot;Radantia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rednitz#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In schriftlichen Quellen erschien der Fluss erstmals im 8. Jahrhundert mit der lateinischen Bezeichnung ''Radantia''. Im 11. Jahrhundert wurde der Name des Flusses als ''Ratenza'' bezeichne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Ratenza&lt;ref name=&quot;Radantia&quot;/&gt;
|''Rednitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
| [[Radiantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sualmus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240406062517/https://s852e6eb4f35541c9.jimcontent.com/ Nederlandse waternamen deel 1], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Limburgse ''Zwalm'' is een zijrivier van de Mass, (...) welk dorp reeds in de 12de eeuw vermeld wordt als ''de Sualmo'' (...) a. 1238 als ''Salmen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Sualmum&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmus&quot;/&gt; seu Salmen&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmus&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schwalm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bigge]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bigge&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Quellen der westfälischen geschichte], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ante portam in ipso flumine Bigge (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Bigge''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lena&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bröl]]
| 
| ''Bröl'' seu ''Brölbach'' seu ''Homburgische Bröl''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Delme (flumen)|Delme]]
| 
| ''Delme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| [[Othmunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ochtum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hurwinaffa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Horloff&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name Horloff leitet sich von althd. mit der Bedeutung horawin = sumpfig her. Weitere Namensformen sind „Hurwinaffa“ im 8. Jahrhundert und „Hurlyphe“ (1263).[4] Der Bestandteil -off gehört zur -apa-Namensgruppe. Alternative Etymologien gehen aufgrund der Nennungen wie „Hurnufa“ (951) oder „Hornipha“ (1183) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Hurlyphe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Horloff&quot;/&gt; Hurnufa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Horloff&quot;/&gt; Hornipha&lt;ref name=&quot;Horloff&quot;/&gt;
| ''Horloff''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida Moeni&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kirnitzsch]]
| 
| ''Kirnitzsch'' seu ''Kirnischt''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Malxe]]
| 
| ''Malxe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Ach (Ambra)|Ach Ambrae]]
| 
| ''Ach'' seu ''Bärenbach'' seu ''Gitzenbach'' seu ''Glötzenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Alba (Rhenus Altus)|Alba Altorhenana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alba Altorhenana&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Albā Rheni Superioris. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Alb'' seu ''Hauensteiner Alb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bega (Wachna)|Bega]]
| 
| ''Bega''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Wachna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Fossa Nigra (Albis)|Fossa Nigra Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fossa Nigra Albis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Fossa-ae&quot; Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum &quot;niger nigra nigrum&quot; Theodiscum ''Schwarzer'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Schwarzer Graben'' seu ''Schwarzer Bach'' seu ''Weinske''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Holzbacum (Wida)|Holzbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Holzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wida&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lapara alba|Lapara Alba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapara&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Weiße Laber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Alcmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Laz&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossa_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ''Lossa'' wird 1140 als ''Laz'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Im Mittelhochdeutschen bedeutet ''laz'' 'lasch, trage'. Der Name ist daher als „das träge Gewässer“ zu deute (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Lazses&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Lazs&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Laze&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Lossa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Mutdaha|Můtdaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mutdaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird die Modua 804 („iuxta fluvium Můtdaha“) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Modua&lt;ref name=&quot;Mutdaha&quot;/&gt;
| ''Modau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Rotonus&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Rotonum&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Rotono&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Rothemun&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu
| ''Rottum''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Westernach]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sura (Salzaha)|Sura Salzahae]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
| ''Sur''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Salzaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Wiza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiza&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Wiesbach''-&gt; Nahe (XII&lt;sup&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; siècle ''Wiza'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wiesbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aa (Monasterium)|Aa Monasteriensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Münstersche Aa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ilisina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilisina&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_(Oker)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals wird der Fluss im Jahr 1108 (Ilisina) urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ilse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| [[Ovacra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovacra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lune (Visurgis)|Lune]]
| 
| ''Lune''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Netha|Netha Indistrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Netha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Nette''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| [[Indistra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Primma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Primma&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pfrimm, die l.z. Rhein (...) super fluvium Primma (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Pfrimm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Starzel Niceri&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad sinistram  ripam  Starzel  rivi (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Starzell Niceri&lt;ref name=&quot;Starzel Niceri&quot;/&gt;
| ''Starzel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Zuist]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zuist&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Swist Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Zuist (Anno 1180), Scuyst (Anno 1223), Zuist (Anno 1283), Zvist (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Scuyst&lt;ref name=&quot;Zuist&quot;/&gt; seu Zvist&lt;ref name=&quot;Zuist&quot;/&gt;
| ''Swist'' seu ''Swistbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| [[Arnefa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arnefa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Augraben (Tollense)|Augraben Tollensense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Augraben Tollensense&quot;&gt;Vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Augraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Tollense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tollense&quot;/&gt;
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Breitaha|Breitaha Cocherae]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
| ''Brettach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ennepe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ennepe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gevelsberg.de/media/custom/3061_1280_1.PDF?1571846512 Gevelsberger Geschichte(n)], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) iuxta flumen
quod Ennepe dicitur (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ennepe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Volme]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fedarhaun (Alba)|Fedarhaun Albae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Federbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alba&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Feldaha (Weraha)|Feldaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Feldaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felda_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Erstbeleg im Jahr 786 wird der Fluss ''Feldaha'' genanntt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Felda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Weraha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Geeste&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Geeste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Klosterbacum (Othmunda)|Klosterbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Klosterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Othmunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ochtum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Linde (Tollense)|Linde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Linne&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Linde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Tollense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tollense&quot;/&gt;
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra (Danubius)|Lutra Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Lauter'' seu ''Große Lauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Naba Pinifera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba Pinifera&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)&quot;) et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Fichtel-'' -ad [[Montes Piniferi|Montes Piniferos]] (Theodisce ''Fichtelgebirge''), secundum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichtelnaab#Name articulum hoc de flumini apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], referente-.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Fichtelnaab''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba silvatica&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Piparodi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Piparodi&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 810 („duo flumina … Piparodi“) erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Das altbairische ''Pipar-odi'' bedeutet „Einöde, in der sich Biber aufhalten“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Bibert''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Redniz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sevina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sevina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240916021033/https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/36682 FOLIA ONOMASTICA CROATICA 12–13 (2003–2004)], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Seeve'' bei Hamburg, 1202 ''Sevinam'', 1203 ''vsque Seuinam'', 13. Jh. ''per Sevenam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Sevena&lt;ref name=&quot;Sevina&quot;/&gt;
|''Seeve''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Streu (Sala Moeni)|Streu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Streu&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streu_(Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Auf einer Landkarte von 1628 trägt der gesamte Flusslauf bis Gemünden den Namen „Straÿ Flu“ (Streu Flumen) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Strewe&lt;ref name=&quot;Streu&quot;/&gt; seu Strowa&lt;ref name=&quot;Streu&quot;/&gt; seu Straÿ&lt;ref name=&quot;Streu&quot;/&gt;
|''Streu''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala in pago&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Utrana (Michelsbacum)|Utrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Utrana&quot;&gt;Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;sca_esv=5f79ce677043d4b2&amp;sca_upv=1&amp;sxsrf=ADLYWILyBcSCkYpeCCX-0ZFbac7ATwZ9zQ:1726433592791&amp;q=Otterbach+%22Utrana%22&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjD_Zqo6sWIAxXQ2gIHHXBaCYsQ5t4CegQIFRAB&amp;biw=1280&amp;bih=546&amp;dpr=1.5 hunc exitum] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Utrana 'Otterbach' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Otterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Chessel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kessel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Elbbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Elbbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fluvius Sanctus (Germania et Cechia)|Fluvius Sanctus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt;
| Zuata&lt;ref name=&quot;Zuata&quot;/&gt; seu Zvatowa&lt;ref name=&quot;Zuata&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwota_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals wird das Gewässer als ''Zvatowa'' in der Weiheurkunde der Plauener St. Johanniskirche von 1122 erwähnt, darin ist sie Teil der Grenze des zugehörigen Kirchsprengels, des Dobnagaus, und damit gleichzeitig Südgrenze des Bistums Naumburg.[7][8] Ebenso wird die Zwota als ''Zuata'' in den Grenzbeschreibungen des Schönbacher Ländchens von 1181 und 1185 erwähn (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Zwota'' seu ''Zwodau'' seu ''Zwotau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| [[Agara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Mesna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mesna&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%C3%9Fe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Hydronym ist in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1296 als mesnam erstmals verschriftlicht worden (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Meiße''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Pene (flumen)|Pene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Ostpeene''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Pinnau]]
| 
| ''Pinnau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Sulzach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sulzach&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Archiv des Historischen Vereins von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) quidquid ex una parte fluvii Sulzach situm existit de pratis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Sulzach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| [[Werenza]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Apula (fluvius)|Apula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Apula&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35900/35900-h/35900-h.htm], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Germany''. Apula, 9th cent. The Appel(bach). (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Appelbach'' seu ''Appel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aschaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aschaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascha_(Schwarzach)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Ascha (ursprünglich: Aschaha, dann: Aschach) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Aschach&lt;ref name=&quot;Aschaha&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ascha''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Swarza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Swarza&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Atulla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Attel&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf Attel wurde bereits 806 als ''Atulla'' urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Attel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Biverna (Amisia)|Biverna Amisiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biverna&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Beverna Amisiae&lt;ref name=&quot;Biverna&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bever''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Brichena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brigach&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brigach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dune (Wippera)|Důne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dune&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dh%C3%BCnn_(Wupper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name (1295 ''Důne'') leitet sich vom ahd. Wort ''tuni'' für 'Dröhnen, Getöse' ab. Entsprechend war die ursprüngliche Bedeutung 'wo das Wasser tost' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Dhünn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Wippera]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ehle]]
| 
| ''Ehle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Eitraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eitraha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Iller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss tritt erstmals im Jahr 838 als ''Eitraha'' schriftlich in Erscheinung, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Aitrach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Erphe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erphe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erf_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg der Erf fand 1234 als Erphe statt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Erfa'' seu ''Erf''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fluvius Nudus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;&gt;Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Golz&lt;ref name=&quot;Golz&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ltzsch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name des Gewässers trat erstmals 1122 als „ad aquam Golz“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Göltzsch'' seu ''Göltsch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Gelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Gelbach'' seu ''Gelber Bach'' seu ''Gehlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hemisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hemisa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emsbach_(Lahn,_Limburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen nennen den Fluss ''Hemisa'' (Jahr 795) bzw. ''Emisa'' (805). (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Emisa&lt;ref name=&quot;Hemisa&quot;/&gt;
| ''Emsbach'' seu ''Ems''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hessel]]
| 
|''Hessel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Mandavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mandavia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandau#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Damals gab es auch einen Zittauer Stadtteil Mandow und eine porta Mandauie = Mandau-Pforte (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Mandau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Nissa Lusatianus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Motel (Schilde)|Motel]]
| 
|''Motel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Neffelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Neffelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Arnefa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arnefa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Scalen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Scalen&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Schaale wird in einer Urkunde von 1279 als ''Scalen'' erwähnt. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Schaale''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]]
| 
|''Schilde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Scalen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Scalen&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Stederau]]
| 
| ''Stederau'' seu ''Bokeler Bach'' seu ''Röhrser Bach'' seu ''Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina Dimelensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Twista Dimelensis&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Twista Dimelensis seu Tuistai Dimelenses seu Tuista Dimelensis seu Twiste Dimelense seu Tuiste Dimelense seu Thuiste Dimelense seu Tuisten Dimelense
|''Twiste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Tussale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tussale&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCssel#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Um 1065 wird der Bach als ''Tussale'' (die Brausende, Rauschende, Tosende) bezeichnet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Düssel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wipfra (flumen)|Wipfra]]
| 
|''Wipfra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Hiera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Wirma|Wirma Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirma&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrm_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Der Flussname Würm ist erstmals bezeugt als Uuirma im Jahre 772 und später als Wirmiseo ‚Würmsee‘ (910), Vuirama (956/957), Wirmina (1056), (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Wirama&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirma&quot;/&gt; seu Wirmina&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirma&quot;/&gt;
|''Würm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Zorga&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Zorge&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Zorge''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| [[Helmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aitra&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Aiterach'' seu ''Aitrach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Andrefa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Antrafa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Antrefa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Antreffa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Antrift'' seu ''Antreff''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Sualmanaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmanaha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Eckbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Eckbach'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Neugraben'' seu ''Leininger Graben'' seu ''Eck''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Elantia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elantia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die römische Auxiliareinheit „Numerus Brittonum Elantiensium“ beinhaltet die erste belegte Nennung des Namens Elz (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Elz'' seu ''Elzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Ludra,&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; Luterata,&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; Hlutraha,&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; Hlutra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|''Lauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mittelradde]]
| 
| ''Mittelradde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Hassa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Nuthe (Albis)|Nuthe Albis]]
| 
|''Nuthe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Owe Bocense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Bocense&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; et adiectivo &quot;Bocensis-e&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)&quot;. De adiectivo &quot;Bocensis-e&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Audan Bocense&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Bocense&quot;/&gt;
|''Bückeburger Aue'' seu ''Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotbacum (Arnefa)|Rotbacum Arnefae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Rotbach'' seu ''Nöthener Siefen'' seu ''Schliebach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' seu ''Bruchbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Arnefa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arnefa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Szwartowe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Szwartowe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2TwOAAAAQAAJ Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) quoque in szwartowe a nobis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Szw&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartauhoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des dänischen Königs Waldemar aus dem Jahr 1215 (''szwartowe'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Schwartau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;

|-
| [[Zwonitium (flumen)|Zwonitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencke 1728&quot;&gt;Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Ioannis Christiani Martini.&lt;/ref&gt; 
| 
|''Zwönitz'' seu ''Zwönitzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| [[Caminizi rivus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Aach Stockense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ASto&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Stockense&quot; ad [[Stockach|Stockam]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Stockacher Aach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Angel (flumen)|Angel]]
| 
| ''Angel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Werse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Werse&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]]
| 
| ''Bobritzsch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Mulda Fribergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Chira (fluvius)|Chira]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Kira&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;
|''Hahnenbach'' seu ''Meinbach'' seu ''Altbach'' seu ''Idarbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Clingbacus (Michelsbacum)|Clingbacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kremer 1769&quot;&gt;Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Klingbacus&lt;ref name=&quot;Kremer 1769&quot;/&gt; seu Clingbach&lt;ref name=&quot;AETP III 1775&quot;&gt;Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatina. (1775). Historia et commentationes Academiae electoralis scientiarum et elegantiorum literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Tomus III. Typis Academicis.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Klingbach&lt;ref name=&quot;AETP III 1775&quot;/&gt;
|'' Klingbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ephisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.). (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis''. Theodor Fischer. &lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Effese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Effese&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Mittelalter wurde die Efze als Effese bezeichne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Effese2&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 240 Effese, 1250 ad fluvium … Effese (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Efze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Sualmanaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmanaha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Eschach (Nicer)|Eschach Niceri]]
| 
|''Eschach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glatta&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Glatt''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Großer Dieckfluss]]
| 
|''Großer Dieckfluss''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Isina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Isina&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisbach_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde die Eis in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahre 766, wo sie ''Isina'' heißt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Eisbach'' seu ''Eis'' seu ''Altbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lachte]]
| 
|''Lachte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Leimbacum (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbacum Rheni Bruowelense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruowelense&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Bruowelense&quot; ad oppidum [[Brühl (Badenia)|Bruowele]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Leimbach'' seu ''Bettelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Orcana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orcana&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird 1486 als die Orcken erstmals schriftlich erwähnt. Die gleichnamigen Orte Nieder- bzw. Oberorke erscheinen in den schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen schon im Jahr 1016 als Orcana. Die Deutung des Namens ist unsicher (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Orke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Regana Alba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Regana Alba&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur &quot; The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)&quot;. Adiectivum Latinum &quot;albus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum ''Weißer'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Reganus Albus&lt;ref name=&quot;Regana Alba&quot;/&gt; seu Reganum Album&lt;ref name=&quot;Regana Alba&quot;/&gt;
| ''Weißer Regen'' seu ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Regana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Regana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Russella|Russella Saravi]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
| Musella Saravi&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; seu Roussella&lt;ref name=&quot;Rousella&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossel_(Saar)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ältere Namen des Flusses sind Roussella (1268), Russella, Rusella (1544) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Rusella
|''Rossel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Saravus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sosa (flumen)|Sosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Söse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruma&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Vechne]]
| 
|''Vehne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| [[Owe (Lacus Zwischenahnensis)|Owe Zwischenahnense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe de Bad Zwischenahn&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)&quot;. Adiectivum &quot;Zwischenahnense&quot; homonymum ad lacum [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses|Aquas Zwischenahnenses]] attingentem refert.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ad Lunam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ad Lunam&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In der Römerzeit wurde ein Kastell nach dem Fluss benannt („Ad Lunam“) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Lone''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Hurwin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hürbe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/bitstream/11682/5853/1/Uni_63.pdf Ortsnamenforschung in Südwestdeutschland], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hürbe, z. Brenz z. Donau, 1171 ''de Hurwin''  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Agira&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eger_(W%C3%B6rnitz)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet die Eger im Jahr 760 als ''Agira'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Eger''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Werenza]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Arlau (...) 218 silva que iuncta est Arle (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Arlau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Mare Germanicum]]
| [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arle&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Berste]]
| 
|''Berste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Bibara (Danubius)|Bibara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibara Danubii&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|  Bibera&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibera Danubii&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Biber&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Biberaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibera Danubii&quot;/&gt;
|''Biber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Caminizi rivus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
|'' Chemnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

|-
| [[Glotyr]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glotyr&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) n valle Glotern, 1297 vallem Glotyri, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Glotyrus&lt;ref name=&quot;Glotyr&quot;/&gt; seu Glotyrum&lt;ref name=&quot;Glotyr&quot;/&gt; seu Glotern&lt;ref name=&quot;Glotyr&quot;/&gt;
| ''Glotter'' seu ''Glotterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Dreisima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dreisima&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lethe (Hunta)|Lethe]]
| 
| ''Lethe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Hunta]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Nuhne]]
| 
|''Nuhne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Raodhaha|Raodhaha Cocherae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Oberrot&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rotaha Cocherae&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Rota&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Fichtenberger Rot''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seemenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Seemenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Nidder]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nidder&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Selbitz]]
| 
|''Selbitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tribisa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
|''Triebisch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ach Cassiliacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cassiliacum&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Cassiliacensis-e&quot; ad urbem Cassiliacum refertur. Huic Latino toponymo, vide [articulum huius urbis apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste Besiedlung bereits in der Steinzeit ist durch Funde an der Iller bei Ferthofen belegt.&lt;sup&gt;[7]&lt;/sup&gt; Erste Baufunde stammen aus der Römerzeit. Vermutlich befand sich dort ein kleiner Wacht- und Siedlungsposten. Hierfür kommen zwei Namen, ''Cassiliacum''&lt;sup&gt;[8]&lt;/sup&gt; oder ''Viaca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Memminger Ach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Angere (Rhenus)|Angere Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Angeren Rheni&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Angera Rheni&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Anger Rheni&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Angero Rheni&lt;ref name=&quot;Angero&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Angerbach'' seu ''Anger''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Drahonum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Drahonum&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhron#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Nennungen sind: Drahonum (Ende 4. Jh.) Drona (752) Troganus (802) Drogana (949) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Drona&lt;ref name=&quot;Drahonum&quot;/&gt; seu Troganus&lt;ref name=&quot;Drahonum&quot;/&gt; seu Drogana&lt;ref name=&quot;Drahonum&quot;/&gt; seu Trogona&lt;ref name=&quot;Gudenus 1743&quot;&gt;Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae.&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Dhron''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Isana (Rhenus)|Isana Rhenana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
|''Isenach'' seu ''Morschbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luder&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCder_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 820 (''flumen … luder'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Lüder'' seu ''Lüderbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Meisaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meisaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisach_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Maisach, 853 erstmals erwähnt als ''Meisaha'', setzt sich zusammen aus althochdeutsch aha ‚Wasser, Wasserlauf, Fluss (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Maisach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Milize]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Militz&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Milizza&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Milze&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Milizi&lt;ref name=&quot;Milizi&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Milz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala in pago&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nigra Aqua (Alara)|Nigra Aqua Alarae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigra Aqua Alarae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur &quot;Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Schwarzwasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivulus Molendinarius Fredersdorfensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mühlenfließ&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Mühlenfließ'' in Latinam &quot;Rivulus Molendinarius&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide: Hoffmann, C. G., auctore (1734). ''Scriptores Rerum Lusaticarum''. Lipsiae &amp; Budissae: David Richter.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ'' seu ''Senitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rubrum Bistrice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubrum Bistrice&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo &quot;rubrum&quot; (Theodisce ''Rote'') et nomine Latino &quot;Bistrice&quot;. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur &quot;Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rubrum Buistrizi&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubrum Bistrice&quot;/&gt; seu Rubrum Wisteritz&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubrum Bistrice&quot;/&gt; seu Rubrum Wistricz&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubrum Bistrice&quot;/&gt;
|''Rote Weißeritz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Bistrice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bistrice&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Steina (Vutahe)|Steina Vutahis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Steina'' seu ''Steinach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Vutahe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vutahe&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Vilisa (Licus)|Vilisa Lici]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Vilisā Danubii. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Vilsa&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;/&gt; seu Vilusa&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;/&gt; seu Filisa&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;/&gt; seu Filusa&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;/&gt; seu Filsa&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;/&gt; seu Philisa&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;/&gt; seu Vilosa&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;/&gt; seu Vilusa&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa Lici&quot;/&gt;
|''Vils''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Licus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]]
| 
|''Wehre'' seu ''Wohra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| [[Weraha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=21&amp;cq=d&amp;lang=en bavarikon.de], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Bardia fluvius:''' Barthe, Fl. in Deutschland, Mü: Barther Bodden (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Barthe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Bodden Bardense]]
| [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]]
|-
| [[Else]]
| 
| ''Else''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Weraha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]]
| 
| ''Glane''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Buckau]]
| 
| ''Buckau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Haselach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Haslach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Haßlach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Radaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutaraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutaraha&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Eine erste geschichtliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen „Lutaraha“ fand man aus dem Jahr 853 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Lauterach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nibalgaunensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Nibalgavia&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Nibalcoge&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Nibulgauva&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Nibilgouwe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Eschach'' seu ''Niebel'' seu ''Nibel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aitra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Orlah]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orlah&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orla#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird 1192 als Orlah erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Orla'' seu ''Orlah'' seu ''Orlau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Scutara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Scutura&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schutter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sevena (Odera)|Sevena Oderae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sevena&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535  Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Sieber,'' lieu et fleuve de la Harz, 1287 ''inter ... Oderam et Sevenam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Sieber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Thuite]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Dhute&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Düte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Hassa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wipperau]]
| 
| ''Wipperau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35
| [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Acarse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Acarse&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240919231438/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=3286 Köbler, Gerhard,as in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte, 2016], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Axtbach (M.) bzw. Beilerbach-Ems, 11. Jh., bei Beelen bei Warendorf, F1-60 AK (?) Acarse, Acarse Erh. Nr. 917 (um 1030) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Axtbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Aphilste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Apphilste&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Apphelste&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Apphilstede&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Aphelste&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Appelste&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Apfelstädt''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Hiera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Auma]]
| 
| ''Auma''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wyda&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Erlenbacum (Michelsbacum)|Erlenbacum Michelsbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Erlenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Eymese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eymese&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ems_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1401 zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (''Eymese'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Ems''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Glatta (Nicer)|Glatta Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glatta&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Glatt''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gotlavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gotlavia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Gottleuba-Berggie%C3%9Fh%C3%BCbel#Gottleuba homonymo de oppido apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Gottleuba was first mentioned in 1363 as ''Gotlavia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Gottleuba''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Hotepe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hotepe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoppecke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Am Erstbeleg des Ortes Hoppecke von 1113 als ''Hotepe'' wird ersichtlich (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Hoppecke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Moraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Můraha&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Murach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Swarza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Swarza&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Radegast (Stepenitz)|Radegast]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radegast&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Radegast, Nebenfluß der Stepenitz, 1188, 1202 Radagost, 1255 aqua Radegast, 1258 fluuius Radegost, 1262 Rodogost, 1310 aqua Radagast, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Radagost seu Radegost seu Rodogost seu Radagast
| ''Radegast''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]]
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Roda (Albis)|Roda]]
| 
| ''Roda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Schleuse]]
| 
| ''Schleuse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Weraha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Schlichem]]
| 
| ''Schlichem''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]]
| 
|''Usa'' seu ''Us'' seu ''Usbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Weteraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Weteraha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wara (Amana)|Wara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Waraha&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wohra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Albis (Adrana)|Albis Adranae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albis Adranae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Elbe'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Elbe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Alina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alina&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellebach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Ersterwähnung des Ortes Ellen als ''Alina'' lässt den ursprünglichen Namen erahnen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ellebach'' seu ''Ellbach'' seu ''Elle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Antiquus Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo &quot;Viadrus&quot; et variationibus et adiectivo &quot;antiquus-a-um&quot;. De hydronymo &quot;Viadrus&quot; vide {{Graesse}} aut [https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur &quot;Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;antiquus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Alte&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Antiquus Viadus&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiqua Odora&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiquus Oder&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiqua Odagra&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiqua Odara&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiqua Odra&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiqua Odrita&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiqua Adora&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiquus Suevus Flavius&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiqua Oddera&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiquum Oddere&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiquum Oddore&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt; seu Antiquum Oddere&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alte Oder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Armissia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Armissia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erms hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die '''Erms''' (lat. ''Armissia'') (...) Der Name der Erms geht zurück auf das römische ''Armis(s)a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Armisa seu Armissa
| ''Erms''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Guldenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Guldenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hache (flumen)|Hache]]
| 
| ''Hache''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Othmunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ochtum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.383/html?lang=en De Gruyter], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Ochtum, die''' (...) 1158 ''inter Othmundam'' (lies ''Ohtmundam'') ''et Wisaram'', 1171 ''usque  in  Ohtmundam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Heinbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heincbach&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainbach_(Woogbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''super fluvio Heinbach'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Hainbach'' seu ''Heimbach'' seu ''Wooggraben'' seu ''Krebsbächel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Woogbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hostrahun (Danubius)|Hostrahun Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Ostraha&lt;ref name=&quot;Ostraha&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Ostrach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Huhnerbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hühnerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Hune]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hune&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6nne#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Um 1230 wird der Fluss als ''Hune'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Hönne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ilmede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilmede&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ''Ilme'' wird im Jahr 1322 (''Ilmede'') erstmals schriftlich genann (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ilme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Liuzenaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Liuzenaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitzach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''usque in Liuzenaha'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Leitzach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Manachfialta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Manachfialta&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lukavica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lukavica&quot;&gt;Vide [https://pdfcoffee.com/ivo-vukcevic-rex-german-or-um-populos-sclavorum-pdf-free.html Ivo Vukcevic Rex Germanorum populos Sclavorum], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lukavica— Longawitzi, 1074 (Loquitz) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Longawitzi
| ''Loquitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lure (flumen)|Lure]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Lauer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala in pago&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nigrum Packaw]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigrum Packaw&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;nigrum&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum ''Schwarze'' vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarze Pockau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Flöha]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Nordradde]]
| 
| ''Nordradde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Oorana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oorana&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrn#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 795 als „Oorana fluvius“ erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ohrn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Radentia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Schwäbische Rezat''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Redniz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Tanger (flumen)|Tanger]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tanger&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft_djvu.txt Thietmari Merseburgensis episcopi Chronicon, post editionem Ioh. M. Lappenbergii recognovit Fridericus Kurze&quot;], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Tanger  rivus,  qui  prope (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Tanger'' seu ''Vereinigten Tanger''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Trebe (Alestra)|Trebe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trebe&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Trieb (Pöhl)#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Waldhufendorf Trieb wurde im Jahr 1441 erstmals urkundlich als „Trebe“ erwähnt. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Trieb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Warme]]
| 
|''Warme'' seu ''Warmebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wietze (Alara)|Wietze Alarae]]
| 
|''Wietze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wila (Agger)|Wila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wila&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Wiehl#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1131 wurde Wiehl unter dem Namen Wila erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wiehl''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wissaha (Bregenze)|Wissaha Bregenzensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wissaha&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Wissha Bregenzensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Wissaha&quot;/&gt;
|''Weißach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| [[Bregenze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Abilach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Ablach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Ablach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Boninaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Boninaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Bina wurde im Jahr 790 erstmals als ''Boninaha'' schriftlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Bina'' seu ''Binastorfer Mühlbach'' seu ''Gassauer Mühlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Kahl''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Cruofdero]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;&gt;Vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Heidenkeller%20korrigiert.pdf Kultspuren aus der Zeit der Völkerwanderung im südlichen Taunus?], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Der Bach Kriftel ist auf keiner heutigen Karte mehr zu finden, statt dessen läufter unter den Namen Dattenbach, Goldbach, Schwarzbach von den Taunushöhen'' (...) ''Frühe Namensbelege sind: Cruofdero (1043), Kruftelam und Cruftele (um 1250/60), Krüftel (1355); als zugehörige Ortsnamen sind belegt'' Cruftera (780-802), Crufdera, Cruftere, Cruftero (um 800), Cruftero (890), Acruftele (Okriftel 1103), Cruftelo (1226) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Kruftela&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt; seu Cruftera&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt; seu Crufdera&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt; seu Cruftere&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt; seu Cruftero&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt; seu Cruftero&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt; seu Acruftele&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt; seu Cruftelo&lt;ref name=&quot;Cruofdero&quot;/&gt;
|''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Dattenbach'' seu ''Goldbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dorsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Dörsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dürnach]]
| 
|''Dürnach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Westernach]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Elison]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elison&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seseke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der römische Geschichtsschreiber Cassius Dio nennt im Zusammenhang mit den Drusus-Feldzügen (12 bis 8 v. Chr.) einen Fluss namens „Elison“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Seseke'' seu ''Sisecke'' seu ''Sesike'' seu ''Zesik''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Iazaha (Sinna)|Iazaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iazaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha&lt;sup&gt;[6]&lt;/sup&gt;und später Jos&lt;sup&gt;[7]&lt;/sup&gt; genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Ios&lt;ref name=&quot;Iazaha&quot;/&gt;
| ''Jossa'' seu ''Joßa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lerna (flumen)|Lerna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lerna&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''In Lernam'' (786, Fälschung 12. Jh.) ''lerhna'' (um 1320) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Lerhna
| ''Lehrde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Luitra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luitra&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Gernsheim)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Für die Lauter wurden auch die Namen Ziegelbach und Luitra verwendet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Lauter'' seu ''Winkelbach'' seu ''Ziegelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Melia (flumen)|Melia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Melia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6hlin_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''iuxta fluvium Melia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Möhlin''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Murge]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Radolfzeller Aach'' seu ''Hegauer Aach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger (Falconis petra)|Rivulus Niger Falconis Petrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Falkensteinerbach&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Schwartzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Falconis petra (Cinzele)|Falconis Petra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Falkensteinerbach&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sala (Layna)|Sala Laynae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala Laynae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Saale''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Südradde]]
| 
| ''Südradde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
| [[Hassa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Aha Goetzingensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aha Goetzingensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio &quot;Goetzingensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium &quot;Götzinger&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Götzinger Achen'' seu ''Götzinger Ache''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Salzaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Brachtaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brachtaha&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Bracht'' seu ''Hundsbach'' seu ''Horstbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilda&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryck#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „Hildam fluvium“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ryck''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Sinus Gryphiswaldensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinus Gryphiswaldensis&quot;&gt;Confer [[Gryphiswalda|urbem]] apud hanc sinum.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilda&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Scuntra (Sala Moeni)|Scuntra Salae Moeni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
| ''Schondra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala in pago&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sebnitium (flumen)|Sebnitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-itium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rockelvitium]], [[Denheritium]], [[Groditium]], [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]], [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]], [[Racovitium]] apud [[Index urbium et communium Saxoniae|articulum de indice urbium et ommunium Saxoniae]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Sebnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Sulz (Alcmana)|Sulz Alcmanae]]
| 
| ''Sulz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Alcmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Veerse]]
| 
| ''Veerse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Wemma]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wenne]]
| 
|''Wenne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wolf (flumen)|Wolf]]
| 
| ''Wolf'' seu ''Wolfach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Alapa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alapa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der erste Namensbeleg lautete 788 ''Alapam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Alpe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Altefeld (flumen)|Altefeld]]
| 
| ''Altefeld'' seu ''Schwarzer Fluss'' seu ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Altfell''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Andolfspach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Andolfspach&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse_djvu.txt Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et  pratum  ad  duas carratas  feni  in  Andolfspach (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Andelsbach'' seu ''Andel'' seu ''Andelnbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Abilach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Aufseß (flumen)|Aufseß]]
| 
|''Aufseß''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Wiesent]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiesent&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Biverna (Osta)|Biverna Ostae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Beverna Ostae&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bever''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Branda (flumen)|Branda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Branda&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendlorenzen#Name articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Brande&lt;ref name=&quot;Branda&quot;/&gt; seu Brente&lt;ref name=&quot;Branda&quot;/&gt; seu Brante&lt;ref name=&quot;Branda&quot;/&gt; seu Brenden&lt;ref name=&quot;Branda&quot;/&gt; seu Brenten&lt;ref name=&quot;Branda&quot;/&gt; seu Brent&lt;ref name=&quot;Branda&quot;/&gt;
| ''Brend''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala in pago&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Datze]]
| 
| ''Datze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Tollense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tollense&quot;/&gt;
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Dumna (flumen)|Dumna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wustrower Dumme'' seu ''Dumme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Iesne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iesne&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Eberbach (Atulla)|Eberbach Atullae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebrach&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo &quot;Eberbach&quot;. De hydronymo &quot;Eberbach&quot; vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ebrach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Atulla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Attel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Eberbach Medium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eberbach Medium&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo &quot;Eberbach&quot; et adiectivo &quot;medius-a-um&quot;. De hydronymo &quot;Eberbach&quot; vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;medius-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Mittlere&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Mittlere Ebrach'' seu ''Mittelebrach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Eberbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eberbach&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ech]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| E&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Ehe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Aich''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Erlenbacum (Nida)|Erlenbacum Nidae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Erlenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida Moeni&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Feltchrucha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
| ''Felda'' seu ''Katharinenbach'' seu ''Sengersbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fluxus Tygelensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fluxus Tygelensis&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Fließ'' in Latinam linguam &quot;fluxus-us&quot; vertitur. De gentilicio &quot;Tygelensis-e&quot; vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin-Tegel#Geschichte hunc articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Tegel wird 1322 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt als Kirchdorf ''Tygel''(...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|''Tegeler Fließ''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Gerdauge]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Gherdou&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Gerdowe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Gherdowe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Gerdow&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdow&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerdau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name Gerdau (1352 ''Gerdow'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Gerdau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Gramma (flumen)|Gramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gramma&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Jahr 1265 wird das Gewässer als Gramma erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Gramme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Grindaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grindaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCndau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird 1173 als ''Grindaha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Gründau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Helre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helre&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heller_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bereits am 24. Juni 1350 wurde die Heller in einer Urkunde als „Helre“ erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Heller''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ileda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ileda&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihle hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird 1114 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Ileda'') (...)&quot; &lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Ihle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| Fossa inter [[Habala]]m&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; et [[Albis|Albem]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Kander (Rhenus)|Kander Rheni]]
| 
| ''Kander''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ketzerbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Ketzerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Lumme]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lumme&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ''Lumda'' wird 1339 als ''Lumme'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot; &lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Lumda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Modenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Modenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spira&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Salz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Salz&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in loco, qui dicitur Salz (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Salz'' seu ''Salzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schiltahe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Schiltha&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Schiltache&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Schiltach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Schiltach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sprotte]]
| 
|''Sprotte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Plissa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sura (Net Almanae)|Sura Netensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sura (Net Almanae)&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Sauer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Altenau (Alme)&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) sursum usque Net (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Vidaue]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidaue&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) iuxta Vidaue (...) ponte iuxta Withaue (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Withaue&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidaue&quot;/&gt;
|''Weihung''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Wahnbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Wahnbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wisper]]
| 
| ''Wisper''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Worpena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worpena&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240924125310/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/?f=gold&amp;page=3515 koeblergerhard.de], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Gewässernamen Wörpe (Worpena 1324) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wörpe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| [[Wemma]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|}

===Flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Clana (Manachfialta)|Clana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Clana Manachfialtae&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Mangfall)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name taucht 774 erstmals urkundlich auf (''Clana''). Er leitet sich vom keltischen Adjektiv *glano- für „rein, klar, glänzend“ ab (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Glonn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Manachfialta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Manachfialta&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Guta (Chinzechun)|Gůta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Guta&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/krieger1904bd1/0422/image,info Topographisches Wörterbuch des Großherzogtums Baden], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ecclesia Gůta in decanatu Rotwil (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Gutach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hostrahun (Hilaria)|Hostrahun Hilariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hostrahun&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Ostrach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ilaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1060 (''Ilaha'') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Illach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Licus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lotzmane]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lotzmane&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.rechtskarten.de/karten/kaufunger-wald/ Der Königsforst Kaufunger Wald], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''silva que adiacet civitati inter Gelstram et Lotzmane amnes posita'', d.h. bis zur Gelster im Südosten und zur Losse im Südwesten (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Losse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Mare Steinhudense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mare Steinhudense&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Meerbach&amp;f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)&quot;. Adiectivum &quot;Steinhudense&quot; refert vicinum ad oppidum Steinhude.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Mari Steinhudense&lt;ref name=&quot;Mare Steinhudense&quot;/&gt;
| ''Steinhuder Meerbach'' seu ''Aue'' seu ''Bäke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Marka (flumen)|Marka]]
| 
| ''Marka''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sagter Ems&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo &quot;Amisia&quot; et adiectivo &quot;Sygeltrensis-es&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Amisia&quot; vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo &quot;Sygeltrensis-es&quot;, vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae &quot;Saterland&quot;], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Altenau (Alme)&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Altenau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Almana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Panca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;&gt;Riedel, Adolpho Friderico, auctore (1843). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Pankowe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Panke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rehbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Rehbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Röhr]]
|
| ''Röhr''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schlucht]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Schlüht&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Schlücht''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Vutahe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vutahe&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schwülme]]
| 
| ''Schwülme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Secheimer (Iages)|Secheimer Iagis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Seccaher&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; Iagis seu Seggaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; Iagis seu Sekaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; Iagis
|''Seckach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sormitz]]
| 
| ''Sormitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Lukavica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lukavica&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Wetschaft]]
| 
| ''Wetschaft''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Wersnicz Caminizi rivi&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Würschnitz'' seu ''Beuthenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Caminizi rivus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Wuta|Wůta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wůta&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilde_Gutach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird bei seiner Ersterwähnung im Jahr 1111 als Wůta bezeichnet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Wilde Gutach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Helzaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helzaha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Zwinga (Albis)|Zwinga Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwinga Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinge_(Peene)#Geschichten articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In einer Urkunde des Herzogs Kasimir II. von 1219 wurde der Bach als „aqua molendini“ (Mühlengewässer) erwähnt.&lt;sup&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt; Die Erwähnung als „''Zwinga''“ erfolgte 1248 in einer Urkunde des Herzogs Wartislaw III. von Pommern-Demmin (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
| Aqua Molendini Albis&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwinga Albis&quot;/&gt;
|''Schwinge''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sagter Ems&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo &quot;Amisia&quot; et adiectivo &quot;Sygeltrensis-es&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Amisia&quot; vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo &quot;Sygeltrensis-es&quot;, vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae &quot;Saterland&quot;], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Sagter Ems'' seu ''Sater Ems''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Lade]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lade&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Bist]]
| 
| ''Bist'' seu ''Biest'' seu ''Bießt''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Saravus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Breitaha|Breitaha Iagis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Breitaha Iagis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Brettach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dumme Salzwitense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Salzwitense&quot;&gt;Gemtilicium &quot;Salzwitense&quot; ad Salzwitam refert. Hoc de oppido, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Salzwedeler Dumme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Iesne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iesne&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Elra Netensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ellerbach'' seu ''Eller''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Altenau (Alme)&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]]
| 
|''Esse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Garda (Nicer)|Garda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garda&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lein_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Früher hieß der Bach Gartach (988 ''fluvium Garda''), eine Bezeichnung, die sich außer im Namen einiger Orte am Lauf auch in dem des mittelalterlichen Gartachgaus wiederfindet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Lein'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Schreckebach'' seu ''Seebach'' seu ''Gartach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hale (Ruma)|Hale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hale&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahle_(Rhume)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''aquam ... hale'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Hahle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruma&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Iutraha (Nicer)|Iutraha Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iutraha Niceri&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht.  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Yutra&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Iutra&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Iudra&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Euteraha&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Eutere&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Itter'' seu ''Euterbach'' seu ''Itterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra (Slyphera)|Lutra Slypherae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Lauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Mercene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mercene&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merzbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bei Röhe wurde eine römische Siedlung ausgegraben, die vermutlich ''*Marcianum'' hieß (‚Landgut des Marcius‘) und namensgebend für den Fluss und die Flur war. Der Name ist erstmals 1149 als ''Mercene'' verschriftlicht (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Marcianum&lt;ref name=&quot;Mercene&quot;/&gt;
|''Merzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mitrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mitrana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241007103209/https://www.bietigheim-bissingen.de/fileadmin/user_upload_stadtverwaltung/newsletter/2022/06_Juni_2022/2022_06_30/Anlage_zur_PM__QR-Naturerlebnispfad_Mettertal.pdf QR-Natur- &amp; Kultur-Erlebnisrundgang Mettertal], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name Metter ist seit der
Römerzeit belegt. Die Römer nannten das Flüsschen „Matisa“ und „Fluvius Mitrana“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Matisa
| ''Metter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Enze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Enze&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Netha|Netha Nersae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Netha Nersae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Nette''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Nersa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Olef]]
| 
|''Olef''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Urdefa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Owe Rodenbergense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Rodenbergense&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)&quot;. Gentilicium &quot;Rodenbergense&quot; ad [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodenberg#Geschichte Castrum Rodenbergum] refert.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Rodenberger Aue'' seu ''Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Owe Occidentale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Westaue&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;Occidentale&quot; Theodiscum praefixum ''West-'' vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger (Elisinza)|Rivulus Niger Elisinzae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Schwarzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Elisinza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elisinza&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Raodhaha Caeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Caeca&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Oberrot&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Adiectivo &quot;caecus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Blinde&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rotaha Caeca&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Caeca&quot;/&gt; seu Rota Caeca &lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Caeca&quot;/&gt;
|''Blinde Rot'' seu ''Adelmannsfelder Rot''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Rodau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Salzbuide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Salzbuide&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzb%C3%B6de#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmalige Erwähnung erfährt die Bezeichnung Salzböde in einer Schenkungsurkunde aus dem 8. Jahrhundert, in der eine Edelfrau namens Adelburch ihre Besitzungen in der mündungsnahen Ortschaft „Salzbutine“ (Salzböden) dem Kloster Fulda überträgt. Im Landfriedensvertrag, den Bischof Wernher von Mainz 1265 mit hessischen Reichsstädten und benachbarten Territorialherren schloss, wird bei der Beschreibung der Grenze im Norden auch der Fluss Salzböde („..., ''et ab illa silva usque ad aquam, que dictur Salzbuide'',...“) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Salzbutine&lt;ref name=&quot;Salzbuide&quot;/&gt;
|''Salzböde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sinna Angusta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinna angusta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Oberrot&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule. Adiectivum &quot;angustus-a-um&quot;, quo Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Schmale&quot; vertitur, adhibetur ad distinguendum hoc flumen suo ex homonymo flumine.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Sinne Angustum&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinna angusta&quot;/&gt;
|''Schmale Sinn'' seu ''Hintere Sinn'' seu ''Kleine Sinn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Aa Fera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aa Fera&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}. Adiectivo &quot;ferus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Wilde&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Alpha Fera&lt;ref name=&quot;Alpha Fera&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo &quot;ferus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Wilde&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Wilde Aa'' seu ''Aar'' seu ''Ogge'' seu ''Wilde Ah'' seu ''Wilde Aar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Orcana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orcana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Aalbach (Moenus)|Aalbach Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aalbach Moeni&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|''Aalbach'' seu ''Ahlbach'' seu ''Weidengraben'' seu ''Waldbüttelbrunner Augraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Barre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Kleine Paar'' seu ''Holzheimerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Ach Frewbergense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frewberga&quot;&gt;Adiectivo &quot;Frewbergensis-e&quot; vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Cherse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Koerse&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Kerse&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Körsch'' seu ''Sindelbach'' seu ''Aischbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Elera (Nava)|Elera Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elera&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellerbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''super fluuiolum Elera'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ellerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ghela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Gehle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamel_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1309 (Hamele) erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Hamel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lara (27 km)|Lara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lara&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafenlohr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Jahr 772 war sie in der Markbeschreibung der Benediktinerabtei Neustadt am Main erstmals als ''super fluviolum Lara'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Hafenlohr''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger Rhenanus Wittlaerensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Schwarzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;  
|-
| [[Tulba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Thulba''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sala in pago&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wevene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Wabe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Schuntra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wietze (Ursena)|Wietze Ursenae]]
| 
| ''Wietze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Ursena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Withaa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Withaea&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Widaae&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Hvidaae&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wiedau'' seu ''Mehlandsbach'' seu ''Delmser Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| [[Wemma]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Bära]]
| 
| ''Bära''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Canalis (Rura)|Canalis Rurae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Canalis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallbach_(Urft)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name könnte sich vom rheinischen Wort Kall(e) für 'Wasserrinne, Straßenrinne' (&lt; lateinisch ''canalis'') herleiten (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Kall''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Cupfere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Kuppher&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Chupher&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kupfer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ekkerne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Ecker''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Ovacra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovacra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]]
| 
| ''Erpe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Extera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Piderit 1846&quot;&gt;Piderit, F. C. G. (1846). ''Geschichte der Lippe'schen Lande''. Detmoldae: Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Exter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hardna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardna&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Werre)#Bezeichnung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im Mittelalter trug die Aa den Namen „Hardna“, welcher sich vom mittelniederdeutschen Wort hart für 'Bergwald, waldiger Höhenzug' ableite (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Aa (Wachna)|Aa Wachnae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Aa'' seu ''Johannisbach'' seu ''Westfälische Aa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Wachna]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hasalaha (flumen)|Hasalaha Werahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasalaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Hasel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Weraha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Kessach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Kessha&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Chessa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kessach'' seu ''Berolzheimer Kästle'' seu ''Schillingstadter Kästle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lauter'' seu ''Lenninger Lauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutturu (Amisia)|Lutturu Amisiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Lutteru Amisiae&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Lutter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutturu (Lachte)|Lutturu Lachtense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Lutteru Lachtense&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Lutter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Lachte]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Luya (Naba)|Luya Nabae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luya Nabae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Lia&lt;ref name=&quot;Luya Nabae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Luhe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Naba]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]]
| 
| ''Miele''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Mare Germanicum]]
| [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]]
|-
| [[Mosalbe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mosalbe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosalbe_(Schwarzbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1180 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (''Mosalbe'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Moosalbe'' seu ''Moosalb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Burchalben]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Burchalben&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nisa (flumen)|Nisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nisa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niese_(Emmer)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1005 als ''Nisa'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Niese''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Emmera]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Othmunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ochtum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Ochtum''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotina (Itessa)|Rotina Itessae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Rotene Itessae&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Röthen'' seu ''Röden''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Itessa]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Scherkonde]]
| 
| ''Scherkonde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Laz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Schoza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoza&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) aput Schozam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Schozach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Steinlach]]
| 
| ''Steinlach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Stobrava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stobrava&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6bber#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''fluuium qui Stoborov nuncupatur'' (...) ''super Stobravam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Stoborov&lt;ref name=&quot;Stobrava&quot;/&gt;
| ''Stöbber'' seu ''Stobber'' seu ''Stobberow''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Antiquus Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Antiquus Viadrus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Viadrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Sulmana (flumen)|Sulmana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sulmana&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulm_(Neckar)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa sulmana'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Sulm''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Weraha (Rhenus)|Weraha Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Werra Rheni&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wehra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wieste]]
| 
| ''Wieste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| [[Wemma]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Aqua Kotitzensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aqua Kotitzensis&quot;&gt;Nomine &quot;Aqua&quot; Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio &quot;Kotitzensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium &quot;Kotitzer&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Kotitzer Wasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Lubetowe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lubetowe&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Aschau (Lachte)|Aschau]]
| 
| ''Aschau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Lachte]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Au Soholmense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Soholmense&quot;&gt;Gentilicio &quot;Soholmensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium &quot;Soholmer&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Å Soholmense&lt;ref name=&quot;Soholmense&quot;/&gt;
| ''Soholmer Au''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bongsielensis&quot;&gt;Gentilicio &quot;Bongsielensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium &quot;Bongsieler&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bongsielensis&quot;&gt;Gentilicio &quot;Bongsielensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium &quot;Bongsieler&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Bresnica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bresnica&quot;&gt;Vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Beispiele hierfür sind Ortsnamen wie 11. Jh. ''Bresnica'' Prießnitz, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Prießnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Elsava]]
| 
| ''Elsava''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gerstenbacum (Plissa)|Gerstenbacum Plissae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Gerstenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Plissa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Gimmlitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Gimmlitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Mulda Fribergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Heimbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Heimbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glatta&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kossau]]
| 
| ''Kossau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Lacus Tresdorfensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tresdorfensis&quot;&gt;Hoc de gentilicio, confer scientificum epithetum &quot;Tresdorfensis&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Kossau]]
|-
| [[Luppa (flumen)|Luppa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luppa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Luppe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Billbach&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Mud'' seu ''Mudau'' seu ''Mudbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Net Guelpherbytense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Net Guelpherbytense&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) sursum usque Net (...)&quot;. Gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytense&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refert.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Altenau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Ovacra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovacra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ohe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Große&quot;&gt;Adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Große&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Große Ohe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Ilissus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Osa (flumen)|Osa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Osa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im 9. Jahrhundert als ''Osa fluvio'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Oos'' seu ''Oosbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Purnitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Purnitz'' seu ''Kleine Jeetze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Iesne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iesne&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Russella (Albis)|Russella Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Russella Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Rossel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Schmalkalde]]
| 
| ''Schmalkalde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Seidewitium (flumen)|Seidewitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seidewitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Gotlavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gotlavia&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Smiehe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Smiehe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Schmiech''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Steina (Mogus Rufus)|Steina Mogi Rufi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steina Calida&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo &quot;calidus-a-um&quot; -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Steinach''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Steina&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Warme Steinach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Stillach]]
| 
| ''Stillach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Swarza Bavarica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Swarza Bavarica&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo &quot;Swarza&quot;. Hoc de hydronymo ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)&quot;. Gentilicum &quot;Bavaricus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum ''Bayerische'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Bayerische Schwarzach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Swarza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Swarza&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Trierbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Trierbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Tymanize]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tymanize&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002845 Jahrbücher des Vereins für meklenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Temnitz, Bach bei Netzeband, 1232 super Tymanize fluuium  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Temnitz'' seu ''Hellbach'' seu ''Sandfurthgraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Plane (flumen)|Plane]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Verse]]
| 
| ''Verse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lena&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Waldaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Waldaha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) iuxta Waldaha (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Waldach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Warne]]
| 
| ''Warne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Ovacra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovacra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wesebach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wesebach&quot;&gt;Confer [https://www.google.com/search?q=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&amp;client=firefox-b-d&amp;sca_esv=a5db118e05c2ad26&amp;biw=1275&amp;bih=280&amp;ei=pZkCZ-SEMre7i-gP-JWo0Q8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwik6-nn9vmIAxW33QIHHfgKKvoQ4dUDCA8&amp;uact=5&amp;oq=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&amp;gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiHyAiV2VzZWJhY2ggZXQgY2FtcG8gR2FsbGVuZGFsICJIpzdQ6QNY6xhwAXgAkAEAmAG4AaABmwqqAQMwLjm4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgGgAsQBwgIFECEYoAGYAwCIBgGSBwMwLjGgB8wI&amp;sclient=gws-wiz-serp hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Wesebach et campo Gallendal et termini earum der Speyrer Domkirche (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wesebach'' seu ''Wese''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ziethe]]
| 
| ''Ziethe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| [[Fona]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|}

===Flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Affata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Affata&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Erstbeleg von 1306 lautet ''inter fluvium Affatam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Afte'' seu ''Wiele''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Almana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Berentraph (flumen)|Berentraph]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berentraph&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferndorf_(Kreuztal)#Geschichte articulum de hoc oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde der Ort unter dem Namen „Berentraph“ bereits 1067 und ist somit einer der ältesten Orte des Siegerlandes (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ferndorfbach'' seu ''Ferndorf''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Brenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brenza&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Brettenbach r.z. Elz (z. Rhein) (...) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten (...) super fluvium Brenze, lich), /br˛edebax/, 1317–41 an der Brettennun, iuxta (um 774, Original) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten, (...) prope fluvium Brenza (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Brancia&lt;ref name=&quot;Brenza&quot;/&gt; seu Bretten&lt;ref name=&quot;Brenza&quot;/&gt; seu Brenze&lt;ref name=&quot;Brenza&quot;/&gt;
| ''Brettenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Helzaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helzaha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Chivirinis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chivirinis&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieferbach#Namensdeutung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Bach tritt im 13. Jh. mit der Form ''ad locum … Chivirinis Ursprinch'' („Quelle des Kieferbachs“) erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Kieferbach'' seu ''Thierseer Ache'' seu ''Klausbach'' seu ''Klausenbach'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Dellina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dellina&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalke#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung des Flusses stammt aus dem Jahr 1001. Die „Dellina“ bzw. „Delchana“ bildete die Grenze des Paderborner Forstbannes (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Delchana
|''Dalke'' seu ''Dalkebach'' seu ''Bullerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Dietsulze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dietsulze&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1048 noch als Dietsulze bezeichnet, wurde der Name in der Neuzeit zu Dietzhölze umgedeutet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Dietsulza&lt;ref name=&quot;Dietsulza&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Kyrorsum Dietsulzam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Dietzhölze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Dillena]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bieringen&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Bieringense&quot; ad oppidum Bieringen refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Erlenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fehntjer Tief]]
| 
| ''Fehntjer Tief''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Gohbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Gohbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Gundbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Gundbach'' seu ''Hengstbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Herloga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herloga&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harle_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss tritt in dem Gaunamen ''pagus Herloga'' um das Jahr 1100 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Harle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Mare Germanicum]]
| [[Herloga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herloga&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hlunia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hlunia&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Weser)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1007 als ''in Hluniam'' zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Lenne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]]
| 
|''Klingengraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Vutahe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vutahe&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lockwitzbacum (Albis)|Lockwitzbacum Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lockwitzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Lungwitzbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lungwitzbach'' seu ''Lungwitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Maior Strigus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Maior Striguz&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Striguz&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Strigucz&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kleine Striegis''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Stregus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stregus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Nassaha (Moenus)|Nassaha Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nassaha&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex homonymo oppido. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Nassach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Pleisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pleisa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleisbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 948 als ''pleisa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Pleisbach'' seu ''Pleissbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Praitahe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Praitahe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://texte.volare.vorarlberg.at/viewer/fulltext/VLB0067946/133/ Der Mittelberg. Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde des ehemaligen gleichnamigen Gerichtes], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hinc sursum per illud flumen ilara usque ad ostium praitahe (Breitach.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Breitach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rota (Redniz)|Rota Rednizensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rota Rednizensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|''Roth''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Redniz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Scaflenze (Iages)|Scaflenze Iagis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Scaflenze Iagis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Oberrot&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Scaflenzen Iagis&lt;ref name=&quot;Scaflenze Iagis&quot;/&gt; seu Scaflenza Iagis&lt;ref name=&quot;Scaflenze Iagis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schefflenz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Surdafalacha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Surdafalacha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Unterlauf wird 793 als Surdafalacha (lat. surda ='die Taube') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Fallbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Kincicha]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wickera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Wykara&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wickere&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wickerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wisilaffa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisilaffa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieslauf#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Wieslauf wird 1027 als ''Wisilaffa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wieslauf''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Remisus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remisus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wiske]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Wisicher&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wisicheim&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wisicha&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wiseche&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wiseke&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wyseche&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wieseck''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Achaza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Achaza&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echaz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird 938 als Achaza erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Echaz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Alara Parva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alara Parva&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur &quot;The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;parvus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Kleine&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Alera Parva&lt;ref name=&quot;Alara Parva&quot;/&gt; seu Elera Parva&lt;ref name=&quot;Alara Parva&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kleine Aller''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Alinde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alinde&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elte_(Fluss)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der erste Namensbeleg ist ''Alinde'' (1014) und im späteren Mittelalter wird er als „ellna“ bezeichnet (...) wurde erstmals 1075 „in Elenen“ erwähnt. 1121 war bereits von einer „capella in Elnde“ die Rede. 1138 wurde er als „Elendi“ und 1304 als „in Elende“ benannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ellna&lt;ref name=&quot;Alinde&quot;/&gt; seu Elenen&lt;ref name=&quot;Alinde&quot;/&gt; seu Elnde&lt;ref name=&quot;Alinde&quot;/&gt; seu Elendi&lt;ref name=&quot;Alinde&quot;/&gt; seu Elende&lt;ref name=&quot;Alinde&quot;/&gt;
| ''Elte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ambera]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| Ambra&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| ''Ammer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Boda Calida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Boda Calida&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo &quot;calidus-a-um&quot; -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Warme Bode''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Boda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Garthe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garthe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ''Garte'' wird im Jahr 1325 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (meatus fluuij … ''Garthe'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Garte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Gisala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, Henrico, auctore (1688); ''Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores''. Helmaestadii: Typis &amp; sumtibus Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Geysla&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Geizle&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu [[Geisla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Geisel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Klia]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Henne (flumen)|Henne]]
| 
|''Henne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Holzape]]
| 
| ''Holzape''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hombach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Othmunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ochtum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Iachna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iachna&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jachen#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss Jachen wird 1313 als Jachna (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Jachen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Iazaha (Fuldaha)|Iazaha Fuldahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iazaha Fuldahae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Homonymo de flumine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha&lt;sup&gt;[6]&lt;/sup&gt;und später Jos&lt;sup&gt;[7]&lt;/sup&gt; genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Jossa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lohr''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Medemahem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Medemahem&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medem_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung gab es im Jahr 860 als ''Medemahem'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Medem''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Niusta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niusta&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCst#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde 980 als ''Niusta'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Nüst''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Huna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huna&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Sehma (flumen)|Sehma]]
| 
| ''Sehma''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albinus 1590&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Steinebacum (Chinzechun)|Steinebacum Chinzechunis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Steinebach'' seu ''Steinaubach'' seu ''Steineaubach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Umlach]]
| 
|''Umlach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Riussaia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riussaia&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Uotenbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Outenbach&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odenbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der namensgleiche Ort Odenbach wurde 841 als Uotenbach erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Odenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wickriede]]
| 
| ''Wickriede''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ascafa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ascafa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschaff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der ursprüngliche Name Ascafa (980) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Aschaff''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Awinpach Larae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Aubach'' seu ''Wiesenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bibers]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibers&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibers#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(„in ripa … Bibers“) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Bibers''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Blavius]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Blau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Bomlitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Bomlitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Dickelsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Dickelsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Elbena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elbena&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbbach_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''usque in Elbenam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Elbbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Endert]]
| 
| ''Endert'' seu ''Endertbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Finkenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Laxbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fliedina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fliedina&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fliede#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen aus dem 9. Jahrhundert wird der Fluss ''Fliedina'' genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Fliede''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Geysaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Geysaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geisbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals schriftlich genannt wird der ''Geisbach'' in einer gefälschten Urkunde, die vor dem Jahr 1057 erstellt wurde. In dieser wird der Fluss als ''Geysaha'' bezeichne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Geisbach'' seu ''Geis''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Grintahe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Gerffe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Grintiffa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Grintafo&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Grintafus&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Grintafum&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Grintifa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Grenff'' seu ''Grenf''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Sualmanaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmanaha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt; 
|-
| [[Hiedraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiedraha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idarbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand im Jahr 897 (''Hiedraha'') statt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Idarbach'' seu ''Idar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Wort ''Jade'' (1314: ''Jatha'') ist schwer zu deuten (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Jade''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Sinus Iathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kropsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kropsbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Mühlbachgraben'' seu ''Schlaggraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spira&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lamma&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung erfolgte im Jahr 1065 als ''Lamma'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Lamme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Indistra]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indistra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lee (Vidrus)|Lee]]
| 
| ''Lee'' seu ''Kleine Lee&quot;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Vidrus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Lacus Yssel]]
|-
| [[Livianum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Livianum&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibi#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name geht wohl auf einen römischen Ortsnamen Līviānum mit der Bedeutung (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Leibi''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Longna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longna&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laugna_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der ursprüngliche keltische Name „Longna“ wurde von den römischen Besatzern (15 v. Chr.) übernommen.[3] Um 890 wird der Fluss als ''Logena'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Logena
|''Laugna''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Duria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra (Bunaha)|Lutra Bunahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bunaha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Malefinkbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Malefinkbach'' seu ''Malefink''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mittweida Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Große&quot;&gt;Adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Große&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Große Mittweida'' seu ''Mitteweida''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigra Aqua&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]]
| 
| ''Morre'' seu ''Saubach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Billbach&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mota (flumen)|Mota]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mota&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 786 wird der Fluss als ''Motam'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Mehe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Murga (Nigra silva meridionalis)|Murga Nigra Silvae Meridionalis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| 
|''Murg'' seu ''Hauensteiner Murg'' seu ''Obere Murg'' seu ''Murgbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Na de Owe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Na de Owe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostenau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die ersten schriftlichen Namensbelege des Gewässers sind „na de Owe“ (1512) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ostenau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arle&quot;/&gt;
| [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arle&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Natergowe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Natergowe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notter_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Flussname erscheint erstmals im Jahr 997 als Gauname ''Natergowe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Notter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nava Schleusensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Rhenano. Hoc de ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahe_(Rhein) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die '''Nahe''' (lateinisch ''Nava'', ursprünglich keltisch ''Wilder Fluss'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Nahe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Schleuse]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Nigra Aqua (Presnitium)|Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur &quot;Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarzwasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Presnitium (flumen)|Presnitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nyeste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Nieste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Radaha Fera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radaha Fera&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo &quot;ferus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Wilde&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wilde Rodach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Radaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Rotbach'' seu ''Vennbach'' seu ''Ebersbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymis &quot;Rotina&quot; seu &quot;Rotene&quot;. His de hydronymis, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rödelbach Steinach (Lkr. Sonneberg, Thüringen, D), mündet in Rödental (Lkr. Coburg, Bayern). – /rü5dn/, ON. Mönchröden (Stadt Rödental, Lkr. Coburg), 1108 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Rotina, 1171 Rotene (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rotene Muldae Zviccaviensis
| ''Rödelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Savus Ferus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Savus Ferus&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex paronymo flumine etymologice relato [[Savus|Savo]] seu Sao. Cui ultimo, vide [[:de:Wilde Sau (Fluss)#Name]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name ist wahrscheinlich slawischen Ursprungs, was auch die Namen benachbarter Elbezuflüsse nahelegen. Es könnte dieselbe sprachliche Wurzel wie bei dem Donauzufluss Sava/Save zugrunde liegen (...)&quot;. &quot;Savus&quot; est versio Latina Theodisci hydronymi ''Save''. Adiectivo &quot;parvus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertiturAdiectivo &quot;ferus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Wilde&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Saus Ferus&lt;ref name=&quot;Savus Ferus&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wilde Sau'' seu ''Saubach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Sechta Unterschneidheimensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Unterschneidheimensis&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Unterschneidheimensis&quot; ad oppidum [[Unterschneidheim]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Schneidheimer Sechta''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Agira&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Radiantia)|Seebacum Radiantiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Canalis inter Moenum et Danubium]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Steinhaha (Neckarsteinach)|Steinhaha Neckarsteinachensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Steinaha Neckarsteinachensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Steinach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sulaha (Weraha)|Sulaha Werahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sulaha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Suhl, l.z. Werra (...)  in fluvium Sulaha (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Suhl''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Sydene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Siede''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Watter]]
| 
|''Watter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wida (Zurrega)|Wida Zurregae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Wieda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Zaberkou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Zabernahgouwe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Zabernogovi&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Zaberenkowe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Zaber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ahbacum (Ara)|Ahbacum Arae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| Alia nomina
| ''Ahbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ana (flumen)|Ána]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ana&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahne_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Der Erstbeleg des Namens stammt aus dem Jahr 1154 ''fluvium Ána'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Ahne'' seu ''Ahna'' seu ''Ahnabach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ardaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ardaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aar_(Dill)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Im Althochdeutschen noch als Ardaha (Erwähnung 856) bezeichnet, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Aar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Dillena]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Asdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Asdorf'' seu ''Asdorfer Bach'' seu ''Weibe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Beke]]
| 
|''Beke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Warnou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;/&gt;
| [[Warnou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Beysa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Beysa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beise_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird 1521 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Beysa'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Beise'' seu ''Beisebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Chinzechun Parvum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun Parvum&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)&quot; Adiectivo &quot;parvus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Kleine&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Chinzichun Parvum&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun Parvum&quot;/&gt; seu Kinzicha Parva&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun Parvum&quot;/&gt; seu Kynzichun Parvum&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun Parvum&quot;/&gt; seu Kynzicha Parva&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun Parvum&quot;/&gt;
|''Kleine Kinzig'' seu ''Reinerzau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Demester]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Demester&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emster_Kanal#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die mittelalterlichen Bezeichnungen für das Gewässer waren ''Demester'' (1351), ''Dempstar'' (1374), ''Demster'' (1380) und ''deinster'' (1441/45) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Dempstar seu Demster seu Deinster
|''Emster Kanal'' seu ''Emster Gewässer'' seu ''Emster''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Elsanpah]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Elsinpah&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Elsenbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Elsenpach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Elsinbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Kaiserbach'' seu ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Elsenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Clingbacus (Michelsbacum)|Clingbacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kremer 1769&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gilse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Gilsa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Sualmanaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sualmanaha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Kerkerbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Kerkerbach'' seu ''Hüttenbach'' seu ''Fensterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lossa (Mulda)|Lossa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Lossa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Muche]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Muche&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauch_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird 1293 als Muche erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Mauch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Agira&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nau]]
| 
|''Nau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Odeborn]]
|
| ''Odeborn''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Phiopha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Phiopha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfieffe_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Pfieffe wird 1037 als ''Phiopha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Pfieffe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Pöhlwasser]]
| 
|''Pöhlwasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Mittweida Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Große&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Prime]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prime&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  („iuxta aquam … Prime“) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Prim''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Radau]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radau&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radau_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Erwähnt wurde der Fluss 1308 bzw. 1325 als ''Radowe'', 1570 als ''Radow'', 1578 als ''Radaw'' und ebenfalls 1578 als ''Radau'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Radowe seu Radow seu Radaw
|''Radau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Ovacra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovacra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rodawe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Rodau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Withaa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]]
| 
| ''Rotach'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Rothach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Werenza]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ruda (flumen)|Ruda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruda&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauda_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 1266 als ''Ruda'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Rauda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rysele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rysele&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Nethe)#Historische_Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die ''Aa'' hatte im Mittelalter den Namen ''Riesel''. So erscheint sie in ihrem ersten schriftlichen Beleg von 1326 als „in fluvius … Rysele“, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Aa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Sall (flumen)|Sall]]
| 
|''Sall''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sulzaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Solza&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Sulza&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Solz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Suntraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Suntraha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Sontra (Werdorf, synkopiert &gt; *Sorsdorf, vereinfacht &gt; *S¯osdorf. – ra-Meißner-Kreis), 1232 Suntraha, 1269 Suntrahe, Sperber, HG.A.5, S. 90. 1271 Sunthra, 1273 Suntra (und weitere Belege), 14. Jh. Sontra (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Suntrahe&lt;ref name=&quot;Suntraha&quot;/&gt; seu Sunthra&lt;ref name=&quot;Suntraha&quot;/&gt; seu Suntra&lt;ref name=&quot;Suntraha&quot;/&gt; seu Sontra&lt;ref name=&quot;Suntraha&quot;/&gt;
|''Sontra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Terueke]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terueke&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpenbek#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ältesten überlieferten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des Gewässers sind ''Terueke'' (1245 und 1263), ''Terveke'' (1266) und ''Terweke'' (1325), was sich über ''Tarwe'' zu ''Tarpe'' entwickelte (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Terveke&lt;ref name=&quot;Terueke&quot;/&gt; seu Terweke&lt;ref name=&quot;Terueke&quot;/&gt;
|''Tarpenbek''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Alstria]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Thidela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thidela&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deilbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Die ersten schriftlichen Belege des Deilbachs sind Thidela (875) und Thithelam (11. Jh.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Thithela&lt;ref name=&quot;Thidela&quot;/&gt;
|''Deilbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Trotzbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Trotzbach'' seu ''Schledde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wissaha (Tegarinseo)|Wissaha Tegarinseonensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wissaha&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Wissha&lt;ref name=&quot;Wissaha&quot;/&gt;
|''Weißach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| [[Tegarinseo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tegernsee&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegernsee#Namensgebung hoc de lacū apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name des Sees ist erstmals in der Form Tegarinseo aus dem Jahr 796 überliefert, als die fürstlichen Brüder Oatkar und Adalbert ein Kloster am tegarin seo, das ist althochdeutsch und heißt großer See, gründeten (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Bada (Wippera)|Bada Wipperae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bada&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bode_(Wipper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;Der Erstbeleg ist aus dem Jahr 749 (''Bada'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Bode''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wippera Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Barnitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Barnitz'' seu ''Sult''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Horbinstenon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Beste&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beste hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich wurde der Fluss erstmals bereits 1075 als ''Horbinstenon'' in einer Beschreibung des Limes Saxoniae erwähnt (...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung des Flusses fand 1263 als ''Bestene'' statt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Grobion]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Grob&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Verlorenwasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Buckau]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Hora (Aphilste)|Hora Aphilstensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Ora Aphilstensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Ohra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Aphilste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Hospira]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hospira&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochspeyerbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der mittelalterliche Name ''Hospira'' des Hochspeyerbachs ist bereits im 10. Jahrhundert nachgewiesen; er leitete sich möglicherweise vom Speyerbach (''Spira, Spiraha'') ab (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Spiraha
|''Hochspeyerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spira&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Huttenbacum (Naba)|Huttenbacum Nabae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hüttenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Naba]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ieckenbacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Widder 1786&quot;&gt;Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gekkinbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius I 1898&quot;&gt;Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend &amp; Co.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Geckenbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius I 1898&quot;/&gt;
|''Jeckenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Iutraha (Rhenus)|Iutraha Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iutraha Rheni&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht.  (...)&quot; et {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lahe (flumen)|Lahe]]
| 
|''Lahe'' seu ''Große Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Soeste]]
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Maurine]]
| 
| ''Maurine''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Stepenitium (Trabena)|Stepenitium Trabenae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;/&gt;
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Netha|Netha Hassae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Netha Hassae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Nette''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Hassa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Oese (Hune)|Oese]]
| 
|''Oese'' seu ''Gelmecke'' seu ''Heppingser Bach'' seu ''Sundwiger Bach'' seu ''Hemer-Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Hune]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hune&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Pernaffa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pernaffa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahre 913 als ''Pernaffa'', und er gab dem Perfgau (''pagus Pernaffa'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Perf''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotbacum (Dreisima)|Rotbacum Dreisimae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Rotbach'' seu ''Zartenbach'' seu ''Löffeltalbach'' seu ''Höllenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Dreisima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dreisima&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sechta Rohilingenensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rohilingenensis&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Rohilingenensis&quot; ad Rohilingen refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6hlingen#Geschichte eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in vico Rohilingen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Röhlinger Sechta'' seu ''Sechta''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sulza (Albis)|Sulza Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sulza&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ON. Sülze (Stadt Rösrath, Rheinisch-Bergiae. ge-sod ‘Gericht’, as. soth ‘Fleischbrühe’, afr. scher Kreis), mündet nach 24,7km bei Lohmar soth ‘Brühe’, ahd. ki-sod ‘Gericht’), metaphorische (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, NRW). – 1182 molendina in Sulza (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Sülze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Ziese]]
|
|''Ziese''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| [[Lutense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutense&quot;/&gt;
| [[Penus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|}

===Flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra aut amplius longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Aha Rordorfensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aha Rordorfensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio &quot;Rordorfensis-e&quot; ad [[Rodorfium]] (Theodisce ''Rodorf'') refertur. Cui ultimo toponymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrdorf_(am_Inn)#Geschichte hoc de oppido apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde Rohrdorf 788 in der Notitia Arnonis, einer Aufstellung aller Güter und Besitzungen der Kirche Salzburg auf herzoglich-bayerischem Gebiet anlässlich der Eingliederung Bayerns in das Frankenreich Karls des Großen. Darin genannt sind auch die beiden heute eingemeindeten Dörfer Höhenmoos und Lauterbach, die seinerzeit ebenfalls bereits Kirchdörfer waren. Die damaligen Ortsbezeichnungen lauteten: Rordorf, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Rohrdorfer Achen'' seu ''Achen'' seu ''Weißenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Alnaha (flumen)|Alnaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Allanaher&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Alnahe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Allna''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aqua Mutinensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aqua Mutinensis&quot;&gt;Nomine &quot;Aqua&quot; Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio &quot;Mutinensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium &quot;Mutzschener&quot; vertitur. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Mutzschener Wasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Audan (Layna)|Audan Laynae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Bastauwe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Bastau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Fintau]]
| 
| ''Fintau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Wemma]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hanfpach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hanfbach'' seu ''Irmerother Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Humme]]
| 
| ''Humme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Iutraha (Dimel)|Iutraha Dimelensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iutraha Dimelensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' seu ''Itterbecke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lisba (flumen)|Lisba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Lisburnensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Liese''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Hassenbeck]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassenbeck&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra (Itessa)|Lutra Itessae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lauter'' seu ''Lauterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Itessa]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Metime|Metimé]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Metime&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettma#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Gewässer wurde 1111 als ''fluvii Metimé'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Mettma''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Schlucht]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Muglbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| Mohelnský seu Mohelenský
|''Muglbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wundreb&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Munzbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Münzbach'' seu ''Loßnitzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Mulda Fribergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Orpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Urppe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Orpe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Owe Parvum Radense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Parvum Radense&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;parvum&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Kleine&quot; vertitur. Gentilicium &quot;Radense&quot; ad [[Radena]]m refertur; hoc de toponymo, vide: Büsching, A. F. (1768). ''A New System of Geography: Containing a Particular Description of the Quarters of the World''. Londinii: T. Lowndes; hoc de gentilicio, vide: Binterim, A. J., &amp; Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung''. Simon Müller.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Audan Parvum Radense&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Parvum Radense&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kleine Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ramme (flumen)|Ramme]]
| 
| ''Ramme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rota (Ambra)|Rota Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rota Ambrae&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rott_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Rott wird um 1065 in der Wessobrunner Gründungslegende als ''Rota'' bezeugt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Rott'' seu ''Rottgraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sorpe (Röhr)|Sorpe Röhrense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1307 iuxta rivum … Sorpe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Suropo Röhrensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Suropo&quot;/&gt; seu Sorbece Röhrense&lt;ref name=&quot;Suropo&quot;/&gt; seu Sorp Röhrense&lt;ref name=&quot;Suropo&quot;/&gt;
| ''Sorpe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Röhr]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sule (flumen)|Sule]]
|
| ''Sule''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wilstra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Wilstera&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wilstere&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wilstria&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wilsterau'' seu ''Wilster Au''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Stora]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Zahme Gera]]
|
| [[Zahme Gera]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19
| [[Hiera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hiera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Aha Berchtesgadenensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aha Berchtesgadenensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicium &quot;Berchtesgadenensis-e&quot; ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Albe Berchtesgadenense&lt;ref name=&quot;Albe Berchtesgadenense&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Ache hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Um 1815 wurde der Fluss noch als ''Albe'' (...)&quot;. Gentilicium &quot;Berchtesgadenensis-e&quot; ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Berchtesgadener Ache'' seu ''Königsseeache'' seu ''Alm'' seu ''Almbach'' seu ''Albe'' seu ''Niedere Al
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Salzaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ahle (Schwülme)|Ahle Schwülmense]]
| 
|''Ahle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Schwülme]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Armuthsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Armuthsbach'' seu ''Armutsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Baarbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Baarbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Rura]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]]
| 
|''Bahra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Gotlavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gotlavia&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Bekena (Lupia)|Bekena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekena&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beke_(Lippe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird im Mittelalter als ''Bekena'' bezeichnet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Beke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Belina (Albis)|Belina Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| 
|''Biela''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Boteburon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Boteburon&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottwar#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Es wird angenommen, dass der Name des Flusses von dem der Stadt Großbottwar abgeleitet ist, der bereits im Jahr 779 als ''Boteburon'' und 873 als ''Bodibura'' erwähnt wird. Erstmals 1260 wird der Fluss urkundlich ''Botebor'' genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bodibura&lt;ref name=&quot;Boteburon&quot;/&gt; seu Botebor&lt;ref name=&quot;Boteburon&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bottwar'' seu ''Auklingenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Murrensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murrensis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Brugga (Dreisima)|Brugga Dreisimae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Nomen Theodiscum''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Dreisima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dreisima&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Diesse]]
| 
|''Dieße'' seu ''Diesse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Ilmede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilmede&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Frioda (Weraha)|Frioda Werahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Frieda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Gelster]]
| 
|''Gelster''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalaha Mintelae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasalaha Mintelae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Hasel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Mintela]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Helere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helere&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haller_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schreibung: Helere (10.–11. Jahrhundert) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Haller''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lesnitz Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lesnitz Magnum&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo urbe Theodisce ''Lößnitz''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lößnitz''' Stadt nö. Aue; Aue-Schwarzenberg (AKr. Aue) (1238) K 1533 Fridericus de Lesnitz (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;magnum&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Große&quot; vertitur&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Große Lößnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Flöha]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Lutraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutraha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCtter#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die ''Lütter'' wurde im Jahr 826 als ''Lutraha'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Lütter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Owe Parvum Barenburgense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Parvum Barenburgense&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot;. De hydronymis &quot;Owe&quot; et &quot;Audan&quot; vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;parvum&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Kleine&quot; vertitur. Gentilicium &quot;Barenburgense&quot; ad [[Barenburgum]] in [[Circulus Diepholz|Circulo Thefholte]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Audan Parvum Barenburgense&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Parvum Barenburgense&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kleine Aue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Parthanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Parthanum&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Partanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Partanum&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Partnach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Liubasa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Liubasa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Perlenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Perlenbach'' seu ''Schwalmbach'' seu ''Perlbach'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger Klingengrabenensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Schwarzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ranschgraben]]
| 
|''Ranschgraben'' seu ''Erbsengraben'' seu ''Waldgraben'' seu ''Bruchgraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Rehbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Raodhaha (Lein)|Raodhaha Leinensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Leinensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Oberrot&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rotaha Leinensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Leinensis&quot;/&gt; seu Rota Leinensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Leinensis&quot;/&gt;
|''Rot''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rinne Königseense|Rinne Königseënse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Königseënse&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Königseënse&quot; ad oppidum [[Königsee]] in [[Circulus terrae Salfeldensis et Rudolphopolitanus|Circulo Salfeldensi-Rudolphopolitano]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Königseer Rinne'' seu ''Rinne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rivus Nonensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Nonensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Nonensis-e&quot; ad oppidum [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nonam]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide: Browerus, C., &amp; Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., &amp; Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Nohner Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Trierbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rohrbacum (Fuldaha)|Rohrbacum Fuldahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rohrbacum Fuldahae&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Rohrbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rohrbacum (Saravus)|Rohrbacum Saravi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rohrbacum Saravi&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Rohrbach'' seu ''Scheidter Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Saravus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schweinitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-itium&quot;/&gt;
| Svídnice
|''Schweinitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Flöha]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tribisa Parva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribisa Parva&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Triebisch'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo &quot;parvus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Kleine&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Kleine Triebisch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Tribisa]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Thira&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Thyra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Helmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Walhalben]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Walhalbin&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Walhalbe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Wallhalb'' seu ''Wallhalbe'' seu ''Wallalbe'' seu ''Wallalb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Burchalben]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Burchalben&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Warnau]]
| 
| ''Warnau'' seu ''Schneebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Weiß (Sega)|Weiß]]
| 
|''Weiß'' seu ''Weißbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Sega]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wiesaz]]
| 
| ''Wiesaz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Steinlach]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wilisch (flumen)|Wilisch]]
| 
|''Wilisch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albinus 1590&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Wizmoin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Wizmone&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wizmoune&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wizmoven&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Weismain''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wohlrose]]
| 
|''Wohlrose''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| [[Ilmena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Aschbacum (Werma)|Aschbacum Wermae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Aschbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Werma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Werma&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Augraben (Nebula)|Augraben Nebulae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Augraben Nebulae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Augraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nebula&quot;/&gt;
| [[Warnou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Warnou&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Biberaha (Kincicha)|Biberaha Kincichae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biberaha Kincichae&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Bieber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Kincicha]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Biberaha (Rotaha)|Biberaha Rotahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biberaha Rotahae&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Bieber'' seu ''Bieberbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Boda Frigida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Boda Frigida&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo &quot;frigidus-a-um&quot; -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kalte'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Kalte Bode''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Boda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Brombacum (Radentia)|Brombacum Radentiae]]
| 
| ''Brombach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Radentia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Bruchbacum (Alara)|Bruchbacum Alarae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Bruchbach'' seu ''Wittbeck'' seu ''Heidbach'' seu ''Grobebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Alara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aller&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Bruchgraben (Indistra)|Bruchgraben Indistrae]]
| 
| ''Bruchgraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Indistra]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indistra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ettebach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Etbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Epbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Oorana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oorana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Katzenbacum (Nicer)|Katzenbacum Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Katzenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lichte (flumen)|Lichte]]
| 
| ''Lichte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Natzschung]]
| Načetínský
| ''Natzschung'' seu ''Keilbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Flöha]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Ovenbach (Glan)|Ovenbach Glanense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovenbach Glanense&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Ohmbach wurde im Jahr 977 als ''Ouenbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ohmbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rankbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Rankbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vurmicus Nagalda&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Salzbacum (Murga)|Salzbacum Murgae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Salzbach'' seu ''Kröppenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' seu ''Blümmelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murga NB&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Vretere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vretere&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fretterbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In den ersten urkundlichen Nennungen wird der Bach als Vretere (1338 und 1387) bezeichnet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Fretterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lena&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Waginstat (flumen)|Waginstat]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Waginstat&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex valli homonymā. Latino de nomine huius vallis, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagensteig#Geschichte articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Ort wurde erstmals im Jahr 1125 als ''Waginstat'' erwähnt, wobei es sich hier um einen Personennamen handeln soll (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wagensteigbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Dreisima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dreisima&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wahlebacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Wahlebach'' seu ''Wahle'' seu ''Fahrenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Welpia (Alapa)|Welpia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wölpe&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Welepa&lt;ref name=&quot;Wölpe&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wilipia&lt;ref name=&quot;Wölpe&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wilepa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wilippia&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wilpa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wilipa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Welpa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Welipa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Welepe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|''Wölpe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Alapa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alapa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wilde (Adrana)|Wilde Adranae]]
| 
| ''Wilde'' seu ''Wölfte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wuhle]]
| 
| ''Wuhle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Adenova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adenova&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenauer_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde 992 als ''adenoua fluvius'' erstmals erwähnt, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Adenauer Bach'' seu ''Breidscheider Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bahre]]
| 
| ''Bahre''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Seidewitium (flumen)|Seidewitium]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Biberaha (Huna)|Biberaha Hunae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biberaha Hunae&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Bieber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Huna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huna&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Buchenbacum (Moenus)|Buchenbacum Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Buchenbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' seu ''Riedgraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bünzau]]
|
| ''Bünzau'' seu ''Bünzer Au'' seu ''Bünzener Au''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Stora]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Charbach (Moenus)|Charbach Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Charbach Moeni&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e toponymo. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Argen&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 853 in loco ... Charbach, 1155 in Karebach, 13. Jh. Charebach (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Karebach seu Charebach
| ''Karbach'' seu ''Egerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Chemnitzbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Chemnitzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Mulda Fribergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Daade]]
| 
| ''Daade'' seu ''Daadenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Helre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helre&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Eitarhaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eitarhaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Donau)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name tritt im Jahr 770 in Form eines Gaunamens (''pago Eitrahuntal'') und 806 als Fluss selbst (''super fluvium Eitarhaha'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Eitrahuntal''&lt;ref name=&quot;Eitarhaha&quot;/&gt;
|''Aitrach'' seu ''Baaralb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Elta (flumen)|Elta]]
| 
| ''Elta''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ette (flumen)|Ette]]
| 
| ''Ette''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Espolde]]
| 
| ''Espolde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Grümpen]]
| 
| ''Grümpen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Itessa]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kehlbacum (Andolfspach)|Kehlbacum Andolfspachense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kehlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Andolfspach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Andolfspach&quot;/&gt;
|  [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lempe]]
| 
| ''Lempe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
|  [[Lutra (Murrensis)|Lutra Murrensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lauter'' seu ''Spiegelberger Lauter'' seu ''Sommerlauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Murrensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murrensis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra (Vilisa)|Lutra Vilisae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lauter'' seu ''Degenfelder Lauter'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Marsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Marsbach'' seu ''Morsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Billbach&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Oelsabacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Oelsabach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Rubrum Bistrice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubrum Bistrice&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rigenbach (Glan)|Rigenbach Glanense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rigenbach&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suis ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Reichenbach&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Reichenbach''', r.z. Fils (...) in Richenbach (...) '''Reichenbach''' (z. Simmerbach (...) usque in Rigen-bach, an Rigenbach deorsum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Richenbach Glanense&lt;ref name=&quot;Rigenbach&quot;/&gt;
| ''Reichenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Godesbergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Godesbergensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Godesbergensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ''Godesberger'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Godesberger Bach'' seu ''Arzdorfer Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rottach (Hilaria, Rettenberg)|Rottach Hilariae Rettenbergense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rettenbergensis&quot;&gt;Gentilicium Latinum &quot;Rettenbergensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ''Rettenberger'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Rottach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Saidenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Saidenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Flöha]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Seltenbacum (Niceri)|Seltenbacum Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Seltenbach'' seu ''Sandegraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Suale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Schwale''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Stora]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Trettach]]
| 
| ''Trettach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Welzbacum (Moenus)|Welzbacum Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Welzbach'' seu ''Pflaumbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ymene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ymene&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''supra aquam dictam Ymene'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ihme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Zarow]]
| 
| ''Zarow''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| [[Lacuna Stetinensis]]
| [[Zarow]]
|-
| [[Affeldrahe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Affalteren&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Affeltre&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Affeltere&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Effelder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Itessa]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Alestra secunda|Alestra Secunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra Secunda&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Wei%C3%9Fe_Elster)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) (''1122 Alestra secunda, 1165 Helstre inferius'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Helstre Inferius&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra Secunda&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Kleine Elster''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Amlake]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Amlake&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmelke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung der Emmelke war 1185 als ''Amlake'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Emmelke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Medemahem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Medemahem&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Angere (Ambra)|Angere Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Angere Ambrae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']&lt;/ref&gt;
| Angeren Ambrae&lt;ref name=&quot;Angere Ambrae&quot;/&gt; seu Angera Ambrae&lt;ref name=&quot;Angere Ambrae&quot;/&gt; seu Anger Ambrae&lt;ref name=&quot;Angere Ambrae&quot;/&gt; seu Angero Ambrae&lt;ref name=&quot;Angero Ambrae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Angerbach'' seu ''Ramseer Bach'' seu ''Stadtbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Bramau]]
| 
| ''Bramau'' seu ''Stellau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Stora]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Brunnisach]]
| 
| ''Brunnisach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Lacus Bodamicus]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Deinaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deinaha&quot;&gt;Vide ''Acta Sanctorum. Index Topographicus'', ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Deinaha ''Teinach'', flumen in Germania (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Teinach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gauchsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Gauchsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Swareza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gornitzbacum (Alestra)|Gornitzbacum Alestrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Görnitzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Halbleche]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
|''Halblech''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Licus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Hardtbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Der Alte Bach'' seu ''Dransdorfer Bach'' seu ''Rheindorfer Bach'' seu ''Mondorfer Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hergstbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hergstbach'' seu ''Hergstgraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Horbinstenon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Beste&quot;/&gt;
| Bestene&lt;ref name=&quot;Beste&quot;/&gt;
| ''Beste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Hundem]]
| 
| ''Hundem''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lena&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Liersbacum (Ara)|Liersbacum Arae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Liersbach'' seu ''Rosensiefen''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lobbacum (Elisinza)|Lobbacum Elisinzae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lobbach'' seu ''Maienbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Elisinza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elisinza&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Maade]]
| 
| ''Maade''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Sinus Iathanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Petrus Lucusaltianus&quot;&gt;[http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis''], auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Maade]]
|-
| [[Mohrbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Mohrbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Morsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Morsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Wippera]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Neyrthere (flumen)|Neyrthere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neyrthere&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerdar_(Willingen)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die älteste bekannte schriftliche Erwähnung von Neerdar erfolgte unter dem Namen ''Neyrthere'' im Jahr 1244.&lt;sup&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt; Ein ''Regenhardus de Neyrthere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Neerdar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Aa Fera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aa Fera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ösper]]
| 
| ''Ösper''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Presnitz&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Přísečnice#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) quae ducit de oppido Presnitz (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Preßnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albinus 1590&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Raodhaha Rechenbergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Rechenbergensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Oberrot&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Gentilicio &quot;Rechenbergensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium &quot;Rechenberger&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rotaha Rechenbergensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Rechenbergensis&quot;/&gt; seu Rota Rechenbergensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Rechenbergensis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Rechenberger Rot'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Gunzenbach'' seu ''Buchbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rhene (Dimel)|Rhene Dimelense]]
| 
| ''Rhene''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Dimel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dimel&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Ahrenhorstensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Ahrenhorstensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Ahrenhorstensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ''Ahrenhorster'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ahrenhorster Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Werse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Werse&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Rosenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Salzbacum (Rhenus)|Salzbacum Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| Alia nomina
| ''Salzbach'' seu ''Rambach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sarna (flumen)|Sarna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Sarno&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Sarnus&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Sarnum&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Sahrbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Strudelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Strudelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Enze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Enze&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Twista (Osta)|Twista Ostae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twista Ostae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Twiste''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Tuistina Ostae seu Tuistai Ostae seu Tuista Ostae seu Twiste Ostae seu Tuiste Ostae seu Thuiste Ostae seu Tuisten Ostae
| ''Twiste''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Waldangelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Waldangelbach'' seu ''Angelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Leimbach (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbach Rheni Bruowelense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruowelense&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wellingbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Wellingbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[Wochniza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wochniza&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakenitz hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Chronist Helmold von Bosau erwähnt sie Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts in seiner ''Chronica Slavorum'' unter den Bezeichnungen ''wochniza'' oder ''wochenice'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Wochenice&lt;ref name=&quot;Wochniza&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wakenitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Trabena]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|}

===Flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Aabacum (Affata)|Aabacum Affatae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Aabach'' seu ''Aa'' seu ''Große Aa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Affata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Affata&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ach Trauchgauense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trauchgauense&quot;&gt;Gentilicio &quot;Trauchgauensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium &quot;Trauchgauer&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Trauchgauer Ach'' seu ''Ach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Halbleche]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Aqua Crinitzensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aqua Crinitzensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Aqua-ae&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Crinitzensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ''Crinitzer'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Crinitzer Wasser'' seu ''Crinitzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Awinpach (Elsava)|Awinpach Elsavae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Awinpach Elsavae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Aubach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Elsava]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bära Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bära Inferior&quot;&gt;Adiectivo &quot;inferior&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Untere&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Untere Bära''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Bära]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Belina (Flöha)|Belina Flohae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Belina Flöhae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Bielabach'' seu ''Biela''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Flöha]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Bistrice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bistrice&quot;&gt;[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur &quot;Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Buistrizi&lt;ref name=&quot;Bistrice&quot;/&gt; seu Wisteritz&lt;ref name=&quot;Bistrice&quot;/&gt; seu Wistricz&lt;ref name=&quot;Bistrice&quot;/&gt;
| ''Weißeritz'' seu ''Vereinigte Weißeritz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Blabbergraben]]
| 
| ''Blabbergraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Bockau Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Große&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Große Bockau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Boye (flumen)|Boye]]
| 
| ''Boye''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Amsara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Erle (flumen)|Erle]]
| 
| ''Erle''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nava Schleusensis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Fisgobah (Bilerna)|Fisgobah Bilernae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fisgobah Bilernae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002198101_01/_naa002198101_01_0008.php Naamkunde. Jaargang 13], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 817 Fischach (passim) naast 890 Fisgobah (gen mv.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Fischach'' seu ''Alte Fischach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Bilerna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bühler&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Fossa principalis Buckauensis|Fossa Principalis Buckauensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fossa Principalis Buckauensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum Latinum &quot;fossa-ae&quot; Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et substantivum Latinum &quot;principalis-e&quot; Theodiscum praefixum ''Haupt-'' et gentilicium Latinum &quot;Buckauensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ''Buckauer'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Buckauer Hauptgraben'' seu ''Kobser Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Buckau]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Hene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hene&quot;&gt;Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schafbach_(Elbbach)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bis 1270 trug der Bach den Namen Hene, wovon sich der Ortsname Höhn ableitet (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Schafbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Elbbach]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lautenbach (Flöha)|Lautenbach Flöha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lautenbach&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius fluminis nomen homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de topononymo, vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Pars%20III.%20Status%20ecclesiasticus%20regularis%20episcopatus%20Wirceburgensis.pdf ]Pars III. Status ecclesiasticus regularis episcopatus Wirceburgensis, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ibique abiurata fide et ducta uxore primo civium praetorem, dein praefectum in Lautenbach egit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Lautenbach'' seu ''Pfützenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Flöha]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Milzisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Milzisa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BClmisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt vermutlich von einer im 11. Jh. gefälschten Urkunde, die in das Jahr 786 datiert wird. Hierin wird ein Fluss als ''Milzisa'' genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Mülmisch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Polava]]
| Pöhlbach
|''Pöhlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albinus 1590&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rivus Casleocanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Casleocanus&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Casleocanus-a-um&quot; ad oppidum [[Casleoca]]m refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesseling#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Klosterzelle ''Casleoca'' war (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Kesselinger Bach'' seu ''Staffeler Bach'' seu ''Blasweiler Bach'' seu ''Auelbach'' seu ''Densbach'' seu ''Heckenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Weesenensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Weesenensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Weesenensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ''Weesener'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Weesener Bach'' seu ''Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Ursena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Cambodunum)|Rottach Hilariae Cambodunense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cambodunense&quot;&gt;Gentilicium Latinum &quot;Cambodunensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ad [[Cambodunum]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Rottach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilaria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Schmerach]]
| 
| ''Schmerach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Bilerna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bühler&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Sconibrunno (Licus, Hohenfurch)|Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ON. Schonach (Schwarzwald971–um 977) iuxta fontem … Sconibrunno, 833 (Kopie Baar-Kreis, B.-W., D), 1275 Schonach, 1326 Schona, 12. Jh.) super fontem … Schonibrunno (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Schonibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis&quot;/&gt; seu Schonach Lici Hohenfurchensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis&quot;/&gt; seu Schona Lici Hohenfurchensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schönach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Licus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sindelbacum (Iages)|Sindelbacum Iagis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Sindelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Talbacum (Glan)|Talbacum Glanense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Talbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ulfe (Suntraha)|Ulfe Suntrahae]]
| 
| ''Ulfe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Suntraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Suntraha&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Waldaffa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Waldaphen&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Waldaffe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Walluf'' seu ''Wallufbach'' seu ''Waldaffa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wierau]]
| 
| ''Wierau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Hassa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wirsenicz (Alestra)|Wirsenicz Alestrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Wersnicz Alestrae&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Würschnitzbach'' seu ''Würschnitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Yach (Ambrae)|Yach Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yach Ambrae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Yach in Enze influente. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=H%C3%B6fen&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot; (...) 2Eyach, l.z. Enz (...) ad fluvium ... Yach (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Eyach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
| [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Aranbach (Muda)|Aranbach Mudae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aranbach Mudae&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrenbach_(Mud)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Bach wurde 1012 als ''Aranbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt(...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ohrenbach'' seu ''Ohrnbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Billbach&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Au Wedelense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wedelense&quot;&gt;Gentilicium Latinum &quot;Wedelensis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ''Wedeler'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Wedeler Au'' seu ''Wedelbeck'' seu ''Wedelbek''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]]
| 
| ''Beber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Birkigsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Birkigsbach'' seu ''Auegraben'' seu ''Näßlichbach'' seu ''Alte Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Kincicha]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Eiderbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Eiderbach'' seu ''Eiderbachgraben'' seu ''Eiterbach'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Marsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Farnthrapa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Farnthrapa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felderbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 837 ''inter duo flumina ... farnthrapa'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Felderbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Thidela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thidela&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Nicer, Sulza)|Fluvius Molendinorum Niceri]] [[Sulz am Neckar|Sulzae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fluvius Molendinorum&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine [[Bauzanum|Bauzanensi]]. De hoc flumine, vide [https://www.schloesslmuehle.com/?page_id=2052 17 Mühlen in Bozen – die Geschichte der heutigen Schlösslmühle], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die älteste bekannte urkundliche Nennung des Mühlbaches geschieht um 1180-90 und lautet „fluvius molendinorum“, was wörtlich übersetzt „der Wasserlauf der Mühlen“ oder kurz „Mühlbach“ bedeutet (...)&quot;. &lt;/ref&gt;
| Mühlbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Mühlbach&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Mühlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Geraha (flumen)|Geraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Geraha&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Neckargerach#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Neckargerach wurde im Jahr 976 erstmals als Geraha erwähnt, was eine gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für ein sprudelndes Gewässer war, und gleichermaßen den Ort als auch das ihn durchfließende Gewässer bezeichnete (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Seebach'' seu ''Gerach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hehlenriede]]
| 
|''Hehlenriede''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Canalis Alarae]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Fluvius Herschbacus|Herschbacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt Glossarium&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Hergispach&lt;ref name=&quot;Hergispach&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschbach#Geschichte articulum huius oppidi apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Es ist anzunehmen, dass dieses Areal schon früher besiedelt wurde, da in der Engerser Chronik 963 ein Ort namens ''Hergispach'' auftaucht. Der Ortsname entwickelt sich über 1267 ''Herincsbach'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Herincsbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Hergispach&quot;/&gt;
| ''Herschbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Rivus Casleocanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Casleocanus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Horne (flumen)|Horne]]
| 
| ''Horne'' seu ''Hornebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kerspe]]
| 
| ''Kerspe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Wippera]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lierbacum (Reineche)|Lierbacum Reinechense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Lierbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Reineche]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Reineche&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Luppa Nova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luppa Nova&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;novus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Neu&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Neue Luppe'' seu ''Luppe-Kanal''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Alestra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alestra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Mare (Wiscoz)|Mare Wiscozense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mare Wiscozense&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Meerbach&amp;f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Mari Wiscozense&lt;ref name=&quot;Mare Wiscozense&quot;/&gt;
| ''Meerbach'' seu ''Schliefenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Wiscoz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiscoz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nesenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Nesenbach'' seu ''Vaihinger Bach'' seu ''Kaltentaler Bach'' seu ''Laisebach'' seu ''Furtbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nevigisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nevigisa&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardenberger_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ursprünglich hieß der Bach ''Neuigisa'' (875) bzw. ''Navigisa'' (10./11. Jh.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Navigisa&lt;ref name=&quot;Nevigisa&quot;/&gt;
| ''Hardenberger Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Thidela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thidela&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ose (Nethe)|Ose Nethense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ose Nethense&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96se_(Nethe) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „ab utraque parte fluvii Ose“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Öse'' seu ''Oese''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Owe Occidentale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Westaue&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Westaue''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Layna]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Pobelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Pöbelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Rubrum Bistrice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubrum Bistrice&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nietzschmann 2013&quot;&gt;Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Freisbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger (Amsara)|Rivulus Niger Amsarae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Mühlen Bach'' seu ''Preußische Uraufnahme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Amsara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rota (Duria)|Rota Duriae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rota Duriae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Roth''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Duria&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Slieraha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Manachfialta&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Schlierach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Manachfialta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Manachfialta&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Slitisa (flumen)|Slitisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Slidese&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schlitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Steinalp]]
| 
| ''Steinalp'' seu ''Steinalb''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glan Navae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Steinhaha (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Steinhaha Niceri]] [[Nurtinga|Nurtingensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Steinaha Niceri Nurtingensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Steinach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Tiefenbacum (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Tiefenbacum Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt; [[Nurtinga|Nurtingense]]
| 
| ''Tiefenbach'' seu ''Saubach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ulmbacum (Kincicha)|Ulmbacum Kincichae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Ulmbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Kincicha]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ulvina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulvina&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzelbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Kanzelbach wurde erstmals im Jahre 772 als &quot;Uluina&quot;, gesprochen [ˈylviːna], erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Röschbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Kanzelbach'' seu ''Kandelbach'' seu ''Ilbe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Ursena Parva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ursena Parva&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=%C3%96rtze&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']. Adiectivo &quot;parvus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ursene Parvum&lt;ref name=&quot;Ursena Parva&quot;/&gt;
| ''Kleine Örtze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Ursena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Werbe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Werve&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Werbe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Wilzsch]]
| 
| ''Wilzsch''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Allerbeeke]]
| 
| ''Allerbeeke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aquaeductus Ovacrae&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzucht_(Oker)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name leitet sich hierbei vom lat. Wort ''aquaeductus'' ab. So lautet die Ersterwähnung des Flusses im Jahr 1271 ''Agetucht'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Agetucht Ovacrae
| ''Abzucht'' seu ''Wintertalbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Ovacra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ovacra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Banefe]]
| Bannefe
| ''Banfe'' seu ''Oberster Fischelbach'' seu ''Fischelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Bibara (Schleuse)|Bibara Schleusensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibara Schleusensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bibera&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibera Schleusensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Biber&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Biberaha&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibera Schleusensis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Biber''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Schleuse]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Colmnitzbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Colmnitzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Eschbach (Wippera)|Eschbach Wipperae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eschbach Wipperae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Eschbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Wippera]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum Lutrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bacum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Eselsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Greifenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Greifenbach'' seu ''Rotes Wasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albinus 1590&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Haselbachium (Saidenbacum)|Haselbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haselbach&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/calam1/calaminusrudolphottocarus.html ''RUDOLPHOTTOCARUS AUSTRIACA TRAGOEDIA GEORGIO CALAMINO SILESIO AUCTORE: ACTUS PRIMUS''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et apud Haselbachium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Haselbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Saidenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Hedera (flumen)|Hedera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedera&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heder#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Heder wird zwischen 836 und 840 erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (''Hedera'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Heder''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Iassaffa (Luder)|Iassaffa Luderensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iassaffa&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Jossa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luder&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Itre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Itre&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''itre riuus'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Itter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Adrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrana&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Knochenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Wiggenbach'' seu ''Berlebecke'' seu ''Knochenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Wachna]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Krebsbacum (Tyra)|Krebsbacum Tyrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Krebsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Kuhbacum (Itre)|Kuhbacum Itrense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kuhbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Itre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Itre&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lache (Kincicha)|Lache Kincichae]]
| 
| ''Lache'' seu ''Rodenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Kincicha]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
|-
| [[Lutturu (Hardna)|Lutturu Hardnae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutturu Hardnae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Lutter&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Lutteru Hardnae&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutturu Hardnae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Lutter'' seu ''Bielefelder Lutter'' seu ''Weser-Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Hardna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardna&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Michelsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mulahgowe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mulahgowe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulach_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss tritt 846 im Gaunamen Maulachgau (''Mulahgouue'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Maulach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Musbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Muosbah&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Můsbach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Můsbahc&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Můspach&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mußbach'' seu ''Muschbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Rehbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Otimot]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Otimot&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autmut#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name ist im 11. Jahrhundert in den Formen „Otimot“ und „Ottmuot“, im 17. Jahrhundert als „Ottnach“ belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ottmuot&lt;ref name=&quot;Otimot&quot;/&gt;
| ''Autmut'' seu ''Autmutbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Pfefferfließ]]
| 
| ''Pfefferfließ''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Nieplitz]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Plohnbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Plohnbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Golz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Golz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rivus Antichensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Antichensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Antichensis-e&quot; ad oppidum [[Antiche]] refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Endenicher Bach'' seu ''Katzenlochbach'' seu ''Lengsdorfer Bach'' seu ''Villiper Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Hardtbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Hachinger]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Hachinger Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Hüllgraben]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Hartmanstorphensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Hartmanstorphensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Brunhiemensis-e&quot; ad oppidum [[Hartmanstorph]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fhartmannsdorf#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung erfolgte 1368 als Hartmanstorph (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Großhartmannsdorfer Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Mulda Fribergensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MF&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Sitzenrodaensis|Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis-e&quot; Theodiscum gentilicium ''Sitzenrodaer'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Sitzenrodaer Bach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Heidebacum (Fossa Nigra)|Heidebacum Fossae Nigrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Sandbacum (Presnitz)|Sandbacun Presnitzense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Sandbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Presnitz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Schwarzenbacum (Naba silvatica)|Schwarzenbacum Nabae Silvaticae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarzenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Naba silvatica&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Oenopolis)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt; [[Oenopolis|Oenopolitanum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://forum.ahnenforschung.net/forum/allgemeine-diskussionsforen/begriffserkl-rung-wortbedeutung-und-abk-rzungen/2932224-begriff-oenopoli-scabini ''forum.ahnenforschung.net''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ein scabinus war in etwa ein Ratsherr, und Oenopolis ist &quot;Weinstadt&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Schweizerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Remisus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remisus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Gädheim)|Seebach Gädheimense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Starzel (Prime)|Starzel Primensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Starzel Primensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Ultimo cui, vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad sinistram  ripam  Starzel  rivi (...)   Starzell  diversorium in  colle,  ad  rivulum  in  Wanpach  fluentem (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Starzell Primense&lt;ref name=&quot;Starzel Primensis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Starzel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Prime]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prime&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Trebnitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trebnitium&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Trebenezi&lt;ref name=&quot;Trebnitium&quot;/&gt; seu Trebniczya&lt;ref name=&quot;Trebnitium&quot;/&gt; seu Trebniczensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Trebnitium&quot;/&gt;
| ''Trebnitz'' seu ''Trebnitzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Mohelnice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohelnice&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Westerbacum (Hasalana)|Westerbacum Hasalanae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| ''Westerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalana Mintelae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasalaha Mintelae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Wetuffa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Wettiffa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wetfa&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wetfhe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wetfe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Wettfe&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Wetzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Laugana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray&quot;&gt;{{Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wildebacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Wildebach'' seu ''Wildenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Helre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helre&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wirftbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Wirftbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Trierbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Zimmerbacum (Starzel)|Zimmerbacum Starzelense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Zimmerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
| [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Starzel Niceri&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Aqua Cunewaldensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aqua Cunewaldensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Aqua-ae&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Cunewaldensis-e&quot; ad oppidum [[Cunewalde]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunewalde#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Als Lokator der neuen Ansiedlung wird ein gewisser Henricus de Cunewalde angesehen, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Cunewalder Wasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Bewer]]
| 
| ''Bewer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Ilmede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilmede&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Biverna (Visurgis)|Biverna Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biverna&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Beverna Visurgis&lt;ref name=&quot;Biverna&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bever''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Buhlertalbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Bühlertalbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Drusel]]
| 
| ''Drusel'' seu ''Kleine Fulda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Gablenzbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Gablenzbach'' seu ''Stollberger Wasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Grimmbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Grimmbach'' seu ''Steinach'' seu ''Grümbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Cochera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochera&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Haldenbacum (Remisus, Endersbacum)|Haldenbacum Remisi Endersbachense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Endersbacense&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Endersbacensis-e&quot; ad oppidum [[Endersbacum]] (Theodisce ''Endersbach'') refertur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Haldenbach'' seu ''Stettener Bach'' seu ''Alter Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Remisus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remisus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Helmbacum (Spira)|Helmbacum Spirae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Helmbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spira&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Huttenbacum (Swarza Bavarica)|Huttenbacum Swarzae Bavaricae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hüttenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Swarza Bavarica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Swarza Bavarica&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Kampfelbacum (flumen)|Kampfelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kämpfelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Phunzin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Phunzin&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lohrbacum (Awinpach)|Lohrbacum Awinpachense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lohrbach'' seu ''Heinrichsthaler Lohr''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Awinpach Larae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mühlenwasser]]
| 
| ''Mühlenwasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Nebelbeeke]]
| 
| ''Nebelbeeke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Warme]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Orbaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_(Kinzig)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Gewässer wird 1059 als ''Orbaha'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Orb'' seu ''Aubach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Kincicha]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Pyra Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Große&quot;&gt;Adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Große&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Große Pyra'' seu ''Große Bühra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Raodhaha (Lein, Voggenberger Sägmühle)|Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Oberrot&amp;f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rotaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle&quot;/&gt; seu Rota Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle&lt;ref name=&quot;Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle&quot;/&gt;
| ''Rot'' seu ''Kaiserbacher Rot'' seu ''Mosbach'' seu ''Schwarze Rot''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Brunhiemensis-e&quot; ad oppidum [[Brumheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornheim_(Rheinland)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich wird der Hauptort Bornheim als „Brunheim“ im Bonngau, in der Grafschaft des Grafen Ehrenfried, erstmals am 2. August 945 genannt (...)&quot;. Denique, Gentilicium Latinum &quot;Alfterensis-e&quot; Theodiscum ''Alfterer'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Alfterer Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mirbach'' seu ''Görresbach'' seu ''Roisdorfer'' seu ''Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mühlenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Mielenheimensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Mielenheimensis]]&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Mielenheimensis-e&quot; ad oppidum [[Mielenheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehlem#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich wird Mehlem erstmals im April 804 als ''Mielenheim'' genannt, wo dem Bonner Cassiusstift ein Weingut geschenkt wird (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Mehlemer Bach'' seu ''Eichenackersbach'' seu ''Kernbach'' seu ''Züllighovener Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schaafbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Schaafbach'' seu '' Schafbach'' seu ''Ahrmühle'' seu ''Eichholzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Laurissa)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt; [[Lorch (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Laurissae]]
| 
| ''Schweizerbach'' seu ''Wettenbach'' seu ''Mutlanger Haselbach'' seu ''Haselbach'' seu ''Tannbach'' seu ''Waldauer Bach'' seu ''Alfdorfer Haselbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Remisus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remisus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sinisbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Siesbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabricius II 1898&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Solisbacum (Moenus)|Solisbacum Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Solisbacum Moeni&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|  Sultzbacum Moeni&lt;ref name=&quot;Solisbacum Moeni&quot;/&gt; seu Zulsbacum Moeni&lt;ref name=&quot;Solisbacum Moeni&quot;/&gt; seu Zultzbacum Moeni&lt;ref name=&quot;Solisbacum Moeni&quot;/&gt;
| ''Sulzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sorbitz]]
| 
| ''Sorbitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Speltach]]
| 
| ''Speltach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sperrlutter]]
|
| ''Sperrlutter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Threne]]
| 
| ''Threne''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Ulfe (Fuldaha)|Ulfe Fuldahae]]
| 
| ''Ulfe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Vesser (flumen)|Vesser]]
| 
| ''Vesser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Breitenbacum (Erle)|Breitenbacum Erlense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Vischelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Vischelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Vulle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Fulde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Waldbacum (Gabelbacum)|Waldbacum Gabelbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Waldbach'' seu ''Mangelsbach'' seu ''Wattbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Walse]]
| 
| ''Walse'' seu ''Sählenbach'' seu ''Beek''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Weggentalbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Weggentalbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Zschampert]]
| 
| ''Zschampert''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
| [[Luppa Vetus|Luppa Vetus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alte Luppe&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;vetus veteris&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Alte&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Aalenbach'' seu ''Äulesbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Bilerna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bühler&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Biverna (Wippera)|Biverna Wippera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biverna&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Beverna Wipperae&lt;ref name=&quot;Biverna&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bever''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Wippera]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Brunau (Ursena)|Brunau Ursenae]]
| 
| ''Brunau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Ursena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Dreisbacum (Ara)|Dreisbacum Arae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Dreisbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dammbacum (Elsava)|Dammbacum Elsavae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Dammbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Elsava]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dusebacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Dusebach'' seu ''Duse'' seu ''Dause''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Mühlenwasser]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Fischbacum (Gaspentia)|Fischbacum Gaspentiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Fischbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Gaspentia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Griessebacum (flumen)|Griessebacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Grießebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Humme]]
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Gronach]]
| 
| ''Gronach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hadoluespach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hadoluespach&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsbach_(Alz) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Ort Halsbach wird ca. 790 als ''Hadoluespach'' erstmals urkundlich genannt. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Halsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Alzus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alzus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Hetzbacum (Flöha)|Hetzbacum Flöhae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hetzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Flöha]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Kappelbacum (Zurrega)|Kappelbacum Zurregae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lossnitzbacum (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Lossnitzbacum Muldae Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lößnitzbach'' seu ''Affalterbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Mooslauter]]
| 
| ''Mooslauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mordgrundbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| Slatina
| ''Mordgrundbach'' seu ''Mordgrund''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Olepe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Olepe&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olpe_(Bigge)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name tritt als ''Olepe'' 1120 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Olpe'' seu ''Altenkleusheimer Bach'' seu ''Olpebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Bigge]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bigge&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rigenbach (Zahme Gera)|Rigenbach Zahmegerense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rigenbach&quot;/&gt;
| Richenbach Zahmegerense&lt;ref name=&quot;Rigenbach&quot;/&gt;
| ''Reichenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Zahme Gera]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Belmensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Belmensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Belmensis-e&quot; ad commune [[Belmum]] (Theodisce ''Belm'') refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide: Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae..&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Belmer Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Hassa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Amisia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Berwangensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Berwangensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium &quot;Berwangensis-e&quot; ad oppidum [[Berwangen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_Geschichte_des_Oberrheins._Bd._038%2C_1885_%28IA_zeitschriftfurdi3818unse%29.pdf Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Georgius Fridericus Taub, Berwangensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Berwanger Bach'' seu ''Feldgraben'' seu ''Birkenbach'' seu ''Alte Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Elisinza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elisinza&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Henrici]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Henrici&quot;&gt;Fingitur hydronymum hoc ex informatione de [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrichsbach_(Wachenbach) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Heinrichsbach ist wohl so benannt, weil Kaiser Heinrich IV. einige Zeit in der Umgebung lebte (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Heinrichswasser'' seu ''Heinrichsbach'' seu ''Cunerichswasser''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Wachenbacum (Lara)|Wachenbacum Larae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rissbacum (Iages)|Rissbacum Iagis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Rißbach'' seu ''Hollenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rotelbacum (Iages)|Rotelbacum Iagis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Rötelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Iages]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rubrum Packaw]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubrum Packaw&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;rubrum&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum ''Rote'' vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Rote Pockau'' seu ''Halbmeilenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Nigrum Packaw]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigrum Packaw&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Schlema (flumen)|Schlema]]
|
| ''Schlema''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Schobse]]
| 
| ''Schobse''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Wohlrose]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Onestrudis)|Seebacum Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Rhenus)|Seebacum Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Suropo (Lena)|Suropo Lenae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Suropo&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo toponymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Obersorpe, Mittelsorpe, Niedersorpe (Stadt Schmallenberg), 1072, 1101–31 Suropo, 1122 Sorbece, 1281–1313, 14. Jh. Sorpe, 14. Jh. Sorp superior, Sorp inferior (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Sorbece Lenae&lt;ref name=&quot;Suropo&quot;/&gt; seu Sorpe Lenae&lt;ref name=&quot;Suropo&quot;/&gt; seu Sorp Lenae&lt;ref name=&quot;Suropo&quot;/&gt;
| ''Sorpe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lena&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Tonna (flumen)|Tonna]]
| 
| ''Tonna''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Onestrudis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Onestrudis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Ulsna|Ůlsna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulsna&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oelze_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss wird erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahre 1229 unter dem Namen Ůlsna erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Oelze''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Waldbacum (Fossa Terrestris)|Waldbacum Fossae Terrestris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Waldbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| Fossa Terrestris&lt;ref name=&quot;Landgraben&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Fossa-ae&quot; Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum &quot;terrestris-e&quot; Theodiscum praefixum ''Land-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ?
|}

===Flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Elera (Ruma)|Elera Rumae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elera Rumae&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Elerā in Net influente. De quo ultimo homonymo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Elera&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].&lt;/ref&gt;
| Elra Rumae&lt;ref name=&quot;Elera Rumae&quot;/&gt;
|''Eller''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruma&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Finkenbacum (Hombacum)|Finkenbacum Hombacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Finkenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Grana (flumen)|Grana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Granae&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grane_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss tritt in seinen ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des 12. Jahrhunderts als ''Grana'' in Erscheinung (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Grane''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[Indistra]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indistra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Linkenbacum (Aisca)|Linkenbacum Aiscae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Linkenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[Aisca]]e&lt;ref name=&quot;Aisca&quot;/&gt; fossa inundatibilis
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Loufaha]]
| Louffa
| ''Laufach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[Ascafa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ascafa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Saletio)|Fluvius Molendinorum Saletionis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fluvius Molendinorum&quot;/&gt;
| Mühlbach Saletionis&lt;ref name=&quot;Mühlbach&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Mühlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Breitenbrunnensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Breitenbrunnensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum &quot;Breitenbrunnensis-e&quot; Theodiscum ''Breitenbrunner'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Breitenbrunner Bach'' seu ''Spitzerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
| [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Eschbach (Nida)|Eschbach Nidae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eschbach Nidae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|''Eschbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nida Moeni&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Gabelbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Billbach&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Grunnelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Grunnelbach'' seu ''Grunnel-Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[Fuldaha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rechtenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Rechtenbach'' seu ''Kaibach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rohrbacum (Dürnach)|Rohrbacum Dürnachense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rohrbacum Dürnachense&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Rohrbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[Dürnach]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sinse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinse&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e lacū. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA381#v=snippet&amp;q=Sims&amp;f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) prope lacum Sinse (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Sims''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[Aha Rordorfensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aha Rordorfensis&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Swelmenaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Swelmenaha&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwelme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name ''Schwelme'' geht auf „Swelma auch Swelmna“ zurück. Aber auch vorher wurde der Name schon umgebildet, denn es hieß ursprünglich „Swelmenaha“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Swelma&lt;ref name=&quot;Swelmenaha&quot;/&gt; seu Swelmna&lt;ref name=&quot;Swelmenaha&quot;/&gt;
| ''Schwelme''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| [[Wippera]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Beberbacum (Schuntra)|Beberbacum Schuntrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Beberbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7
| [[Schuntra]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Flöthe|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6the#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Alte Bezeichnungen des Ortes sind 780–802 Flathi&lt;/ref&gt; seu Flatide&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;/&gt; seu Flothethe&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;/&gt; seu Vlothe&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;/&gt; seu Flotethe&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;/&gt;
| Flathi''' seu '''Flatide''' seu '''Flothethe''' seu '''Vlothe''' seu '''Flotethe'''
| ''Flöthe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7
| [[Owe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Owe Magnum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Erlenbacum)|Seebacum Erlenbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7
| [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bieringen&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Usa)|Seebacum Usae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7
| [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Wublitz]]
| 
| ''Wublitz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7
| [[Habala]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Brombacum (Nemaninga)|Brombacum Nemaningae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Nemaninga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mümling&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCmling#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Die Römer nannten den Fluss ''Nemaninga'' (...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als ''Mimilingum'' war im Jahre 741, die folgenden Schreibweisen sind dann 798 ''Mimelinga'' und ''Mimininga'', 819 ''Mimilingum'' und ''Mimelingen'', 1012 ''Minimingaha'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Goldbacum (Saletio)|Goldbacum Saletionis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Goldbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Grenzau (Suale)|Grenzau Sualense]]
| 
| ''Grenzau''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Suale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Kapellenbacum (Wizmoin)|Kapellenbacum Wizmoinense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Wizmoin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Meizenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Meizenbach'' seu ''Brombach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Nahrenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Nährenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Geesensis|Rivus Geësensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Geësensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum &quot;Geësensis-e&quot; Theodiscum ''Geeser'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Geeser Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Kila]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Salzaha (Helmana)|Salzaha Helmanae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Salzaha&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis toponymis Theodisce ''Salza''. De his ultimis, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Salsa Helmanae
| ''Salza''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Helmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Hene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hene&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Swartzpach (Mittweida Magna)|Swartzpach Mittweidae Magnae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Swartzpach&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Gro%C3%9Fe_Mittweida)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Fluss trägt denselben Namen wie die erstmals 1240 urkundlich als „Swartzpach“ erwähnte Siedlung (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarzbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Mittweida Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Große&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Weysluthera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Weysluthera&quot;&gt;Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerbach_(Kahl)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der ursprüngliche Gewässername ''Western'' (um 1282 ''Weysluthera'' genannt)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Westerbach'' seu ''Westernbach'' seu ''Westernkahl''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
| [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Gelbeke]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Gelenbeke&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Ghelenbeke&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Gelmke''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aquaeductus Ovacrae&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra (Remisus)|Lutra Remisi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Lauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[Remisus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remisus&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Isana)|Seebacum Isanae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Ohe Magnum)|Seebacum Ohis Magni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[Ohe Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Große&quot;&gt;Adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Große&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Sala)|Seebacum Salae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Saalach&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Westerbacum (Flotide)|Westerbacum Flotidense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| ''Westerbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;/&gt;
| [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
|-
| [[Ziegelbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Ziegelbach'' seu ''Mühlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
| [[Moenus]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|}

===Flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Longitudo (km)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Brombacum (Finkenbacum)|Brombacum Finkenbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Buchbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Speltach]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Himmelsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiese&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nietzschmann 2013&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Hofbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nietzschmann 2013&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra Alba|Lutra Alba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra Alba&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum &quot;albus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum ''Weiße'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Weiße Lauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Patra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| Patris&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Pathera&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Padra&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Padhera&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Padhre&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Padera&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Padre&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt; seu Padra&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| ''Pader''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Lupia]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus Asbachensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus Asbachensis&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum &quot;Asbachensis-e&quot; Theodiscum ''Asbacher'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Asbacher Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Longna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longna&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Isara)|Seebacum Isarae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Loufaha)|Seebacum Loufahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Loufaha]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Steinlach)|Seebacum Steinlachense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| [[Steinlach]]
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Billbach&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/17.August.html Acta Sanctorum der Bollandisten], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Locum ipsum duo rivi, unus a meridie, ab incolis '''Muda (die Mud)''' alter ab oriente, vulgo '''Billbach''' dictus, præterfluunt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Billbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Billbach&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
[[Brombacum (Hemisa)|Brombacum Hemisae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[Hemisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hemisa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Echtbach'' seu ''Hilpertsklingenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Erlenbacum (Chinzechun)|Erlenbacum Chinzechunense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Erlenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[Chinzechun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chinzechun&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Huttenbacum (Seebacum)|Huttenbacum Seebacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hüttenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kapellenbacum (Bünzau)|Kapellenbacum Bünzauense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[Bünzau]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Lachsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Seebacum (Rezat)|Seebacum Rezatense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
| [[Rezat]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Liubasa)|Fluvius Molendinorum Liubasae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fluvius Molendinorum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Mühlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2
| [[Liubasa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Liubasa&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Hosewasch]]
| Hoswaschbacum&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt; seu Hosewaschbacum&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| ''Hosewasch'' seu ''Hoswaschbach'' seu ''Hosewaschbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2
| [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Saalach&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Lutra Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra Nigra&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum &quot;niger nigra nigrum&quot; Theodiscum ''Schwarze'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarze Lauter''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2
| [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lutra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Buchbacum)|Seebacum Buchbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2
| [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Murga)|Seebacum Murgae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2
| [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Murga NB&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Biske]]
| 
| ''Biske''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Braunsel]]
| 
| ''Braunsel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Bründelgraben]]
|
| ''Bründelgraben''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Scutara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Alcmana)|Fluvius Molendinorum Alcmanae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fluvius Molendinorum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Mühlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Alcmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Huttenbacum (Himmelsbacum)|Huttenbacum Himmelsbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Hüttenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kesselbacum (Aach Zwiveltense)|Kesselbacum in Aach Zwiveltense]]
| 
| ''Kesselbach'' seu ''Kessel Aach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Aach Zwiveltense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AZ&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Laxbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Laxbach'' seu ''Lachsbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Seebacum (Echtbacum)|Seebacum Echtbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
|
| ''Seebach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Urspring]]
| 
| ''Urspring''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]]
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Weihermuhlbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Weihermühlbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
| [[Alcmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Pfeffer (rivus)|Pfeffer]]
| 
| ''Pfeffer''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0.5
| [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brancia&quot;/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Brunnbacensis (Nicer)|Brunnbacensis Niceri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brunnbacensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e monasterio. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockau#Geschichte articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae de huius monasterii oppido]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) (lateinisch ''Monasterium Brunnbacensis'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Bronnbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | &lt; 0.5
| [[Nicer]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Kapellenbacum (Alcmana)|Kapellenbacum Alcmanae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Kapellenbach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | &lt; 0.5
| [[Alcmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Rivus de Tosingen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivus de Tosingen&quot;&gt;Substantivum &quot;Rivus-i&quot; Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et [[Syntagma (grammaticum)|syntagma]] &quot;de Tosingen&quot; ad oppidum [[Tosingen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [[:de:Deising (Riedenburg)|articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Auftreten eines Ortsadels lässt sich mit dem zwischen 1147 und 1160 auftretenden „Ainwic de Tosingen“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Deisinger Bach''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | &lt; 0.5
| [[Alcmana]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Springe (rivus)|Springe]]
| 
| ''Springe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | &lt; 0.5
| [[Smiehe Parvum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Smiehe Parvum&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)&quot;. Adiectivo &quot;parvus-a-um&quot; Theodiscum adiectivum &quot;Kleine&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine=== 
Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Fluvius]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]]
|-
| [[Brombacum (Hofbacum)|Brombacum Hofbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nietzschmann 2013&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; 
|-
| [[Brombacum (Nagalda)|Brombacum Nagaldae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Brombacum (Rota)|Brombacum Rotae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Danubius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Lexicon Universale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Brombacum (Rura)|Brombacum Rurae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Mosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Brombacum (Sinisbach)|Brombacum Sinisbacense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| [[Sinisbach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Brombacum (Wiscoz)|Brombacum Wiscozense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brombach''
| [[Wiscoz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiscoz&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Brumbacum (Wippera)|Brumbacum Wipperae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Brumbach'' seu ''Brombach''
| [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Grenzau (Arle)|Grenzau Arlense]]
| 
| ''Grenzau''
| [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arle&quot;/&gt;
| [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arle&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Imme]]
| 
| ''Imme''
| [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arle&quot;/&gt;
| [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Arle&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Nigra Aqua (Ruhland)|Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur &quot;Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)&quot;. Gentilicium &quot;Ruhlandensis-e&quot; Theodiscum ''Ruhlander'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Ruhlander Schwarzwasser''
| [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elstra Nigra&quot;/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Olbe]]
| 
| ''Olbe''
| [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger (Gohhusia)|Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam &quot;Rivulus Niger&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter. De toponymo &quot;Gohhusia&quot;, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCchsen#Geschichtearticulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmals wurde der Ort unter dem Namen ''Gohhusia'' im Jahr 758 erwähnt (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarzbach''
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger (Mulda)|Rivulus Niger Muldae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;/&gt;
| 
| ''Schwarzbach''
| [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Rivulus Niger (Rotbacum)|Rivulus Niger Rotbacensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivulus Niger&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam &quot;Rivulus Niger&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| ''Schwarzbach''
| [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bacum&quot;/&gt;
| [[Rhenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Struga (flumen)|Struga]]
| 
| ''Struga''
| [[Spreha]]&lt;ref name=Gr/&gt;
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| [[Veerde]]
| 
| ''Veerde''
| ?
| ?
|-
| [[Weißer Schöps]]
| 
| ''Weißer Schöps''
| [[Schwarzer Schöps]]
| [[Albis]]&lt;ref name=Gr&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae| ]]
[[Categoria:Indices fluminum|Germania]]</text>
      <sha1>gm0rsi99l09zo6kuz9y4io2x3vwez0y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bibliotheca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5364</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979502</id>
      <parentid>3835679</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:24:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nexus correctus</comment>
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      <text bytes="3473" sha1="c746pftqr4lss62ghnfno1b9hc9bffe" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Biblioteca de Celso - 02.jpg|thumb|Bibliotheca antiqua [[Ephesus|Ephesi]] condita.]]
[[Fasciculus:Clementinum_baroque_library_2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Baroca aula [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Rei publicae Bohemicae|Bohemicae Nationalis Bibliothecae]] Pragae sitae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Fh-eberswalde-bibo-innen.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Bibliotheca hodierna.]]
[[Fasciculus:Latin plaque 7 Jul 1883.jpg|thumb|[[Inscriptio]] in bibliotheca nationali [[Vienna]]e de visitatione [[Franciscus Iosephus I|Francisci Iosephi I]] imperatoris]]&lt;!-- An revera satis magni momenti est, alii diiudicanto.--&gt;
'''Bibliotheca''' (a [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Graeco]] βιβλιοθήκη) vel '''librarium''' plerumque est [[aedificium]] ubi [[liber (litterae)|libri]] conservantur et a frequentatoribus legi possunt.

Bibliotheca [[antiquitas|antiquitate]] praeclarissima fuit [[Bibliotheca Alexandrina]] in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]]. [[Roma]]e bibliotheca in porticu Octaviae ad usum civium iussu sive [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusti]] principis sive sororis [[Octavia Minor|Octaviae]] inter annos [[23 a.C.n.|23]] et [[11 a.C.n.|11 a.C.n.]] constituta est. Bibliotheca [[Apollo|Apollinis]] Palatini Romae fuit. [[Athenae|Atheniensibus]] [[Hadrianus (imperator)|imperator Hadrianus]] magnam bibliothecam donavit.

== Magnae bibliothecae ==
# [[Bibliotheca Publica Russica|(Lenin)–Bibliotheca]] [[Moscovia]]e in [[Russia]]: 23,000,000 libri
# [[Bibliotheca Saltykov-Ščedrin]] [[Petropolis]] in Russia: 15,000,000 libri
# [[Bibliotheca Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] in [[Vasingtonia, C.C.|Vasingtoniae, C.C.]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]]: 14,800,000 libri
# [[Bibliotheca publica Bavarica]], [[Monacum|Monaci]] sita, plus quam 10.30 milliones librorum, in summa (anno 2018) 33.43 milliones mediorum{{dubsig}} impressorum et electronicorum possidens
# [[Universitas Californiensis (Berkeley)|Universitatis Bibliotheca apud Berkeley]] Californiae in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]]: 9,900,000 libri
# Bibliotheca [[Universitas Harvardiana|Universitatis Harvardiana ]] Cantabrigiae super Carolanum flumen Massachusettae, [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]]: 8,000,000 libri
# [[Universitas Publica Moscuensis|Universitatis Bibliotheca]] Moscoviae in [[Russia]]: 7,700,000 libri
# [[Bibliotheca Britannica]] [[London|Londinii]] in [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]]: 7,000,000 libri
# [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Rei publicae Bohemicae|Bibliotheca Nationalis Bohemica]] [[Praga]]e in [[Cechia]]: 6,900,000 libri
# [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica]] [[Lutetia]]e: 6,000,000 libri
# [[Universitas Yalensis|Bibliotheca Universitatis Yalensis]], Novu Portu Connecticutae in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]]: 5,500,000 libri
# Bibliotheca nationalis Ucrainica [[Chiovia|Kiovia]]e: 5,000,000 libri

{{NexInt}}
{{CommuniaCat|Libraries|bibliothecas}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Archivum]]
* [[Bibliotheca nationalis]]
* [[Bibliotheca publica]]
* [[Bibliothecarius]]
* [[Classificatio Decimalis Dewey]]ensis
* [[Pegma (supellex)|Pegma]]
* [[Schola chartarum]]
*[[Si hortum in bibliotheca habes, nihil deerit]]
{{div col end}}

== Bibliographia ==
* G. Cavallo (ed.), ''Le biblioteche nel mondo antico e medievale'', Laterza, Barii &amp; Romae 1988 (plurime reimpressum)

{{aedi-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Bibliothecae|!]]
[[Categoria:Bibliotheconomia|!]]

{{Myrias|Societas}}</text>
      <sha1>c746pftqr4lss62ghnfno1b9hc9bffe</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Colonia Agrippina</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="20183" sha1="l7vj75rrcpckinxiu6cyya0bngxcboi" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Koeln Hohenzollernbruecke.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] et [[pons]] ferriviarius.]]
'''Colonia Agrippina'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lib.byu.edu/~catalog/people/rlm/latin/c/0cnames.htm#Coloniae%20Agrippinae De nomine urbis.]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Köln''; sermone loci ''Kölle''), plene '''Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium''', est [[urbs]] pervetusta in [[Germania]] ad [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] [[flumen]] sita. Exstat et versio simplex '''Agrippina'''.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;... Agrippinam ingressi invenimus ...&quot; ([[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' 15.5.24). Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'' (Berolini et Monaci: 1983), ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt; Ut hoc nomen indicat, condita est a [[Roma]]nis, et [[ius]] titulusque [[colonia]]e civium Romanorum ei data sunt. Hodie est [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Archidioecesis Coloniensis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]]. Patroni sancti urbis sunt [[Sancti Magi|tres magi]]: Caspar, Melchior, Balthasar. Urbs numero incolarum est quarta Germaniae.

== Res gestae ==
[[Fasciculus:Colonia Braun-Hogenberg.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|'''Colonia''' (infra) et [[Divitia]] transrhenana (supra) circiter anno [[1600]].]]
Colonia anno [[50]] condita est; iam primum autem locus ab [[Ubii]]s incolebatur, et nomine Oppidi Ubiorum notus est. Qui homines erant gens Germanorum Romanis amica. Post coloniam conditam, [[caput (urbs)|caput]] provinciae [[Germania inferior|Germaniae inferioris]] facta est, maiorque compitum [[Limes Germanicus inferior|Limitis Germanici]]. Nata est ibi [[Agrippina]], [[Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus|Neronis]] [[mater]], anno [[15]] aut [[16]]. [[Pons Romanus Coloniae Claudiae Arae Agrippinensium|Pons Romanus]] in flumine Rheno [[saeculum 4|saeculo quarto]] constructus est. Colonia usque ad [[Saeculum 5|quintum saeculum]] Romanica fuit; anno autem [[456]] dux [[Aegidius]] Coloniam [[Franci]]s cedere debuit.

Unus ex magnis [[aedificium|aedificiis]] apud Coloniam Agrippinam fuit [[aquaeductus Arduennus]], qui [[aqua]]m a [[Arduenna|silvae Arduennae]] parte ad orientem spectante, quae nunc [[Eifla]] appellatur, usque ad fontes puteosque urbis deducebat.

Colonia [[Aevum Medium|Medio Aevo]] locus maximi momenti erat, nam [[episcopus]] [[Rainaldus de Dassela]] [[Sancti Magi|Trium Regum]] [[os (ossis)|ossa]] illuc portavit, qua de causa multi viatores in locum sacrum immigrant. Usque ad hunc diem, multi [[Religio Christiana|Christiani]] urbem visitant ad ossa veneranda. Iam tempore Romanorum Colonia erat sedes episcopalis. Anno [[1388]] hic [[Universitas Coloniae|universitas]] primo constituta est.

Die [[14 Novembris]] [[1899]] in urbis parte vulgo &quot;Ehrenfeld&quot; (honoris campus) nuncupata,  Augustus Horch (*[[12 Octobris]] [[1868]], †[[3 Februarii]] [[1951]]), inventor rerum [[autocinetum|autocineticarum]] coepit autocinetorum rationem instituere et ea conficere. Autocinetis nomina &quot;Horch&quot; et &quot;Audi&quot; dedit. Verbum enim Theodiscum &quot;horch!&quot; Latine &quot;audi!&quot; dicere vult. 

Inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] [[aëroplanum|aëroplana]] [[Regnum Unitum|Britannica]] et [[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]] urbem valde deleverunt: primum die [[30 Maii]] [[1942]] Britannici magnum numerum [[bomba]]rum in urbem deiecerunt.

Coloniae anno [[2005]] [[Dies Iuvenum Totius Orbis]] a [[papa]] [[Benedictus XVI|Benedicto XVI]], magno concursu cardinalium et [[episcopus|episcoporum]] facto, coram circa unum millionem fidelium solemniter celebrati sunt.

== Commeatus ==
[[Fasciculus:K4000 Koeln Zollstock.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|[[Ferrivia strataria]].]]
[[Urbs|Urbis]] [[commeatus]] publicus constat ex [[ferrivia|ferriviis]] [[Ferrivia urbana rapida Germanica|rapidis]] lineae 6, 9 ad 13 et urbanis (''Stadtbahn''), ferriviis stratariis et [[laophorum|laophoris]]. Ferriviae stratariae nonnumquam [[ferrivia subterranea|subterraneae]] sunt, his in locis stationes earum habent signum &quot;U&quot;, alibi usitatum, ut subterraneum proprium designet.

Agrippina colonia cum [[Bonna]] coniuncta est linea Rhenana riparia (vel 16) et linea promunturia (vel 18). Cum Dusseldorpio et [[regio Rurana|regione Rurana]] [[Ferrivia urbana rapida Germanica|Ferriviae Rapidae]] coniuncta est lineis 6 et 11. 

Immediate iuxta [[Ecclesia cathedralis (Colonia Agrippina)|ecclesiam cathedralem]] [[Statio ferriviaria|statio]] vocata [[Statio ferriviaria principalis Coloniae Agrippinae|Statio ferriviaria principalis]] stat, constructa a regibus Borussianis de stirpe [[Zolnerum|Zolnerorum]], quorum nomen imperio amisso restat ponti ferriviario grandi proximo. Ille templo christiano similis velut templum novi imperii et aetatis constructus est. Urbs cum illo octo [[Pontes Coloniae Agrippinae|pontes]] trans Rhenum ducentes habet, quorum duo ferriviis solis, alii duo viis vehicularibus modo patent.

Una cum [[Bonna]] urbe foederali [[aeroportus|aeroportum]] habet nomine [[Aeorportus Coloniae Agrippinae et Bonnae|Coloniensem et Bonnensem]]. Ferriviae urbanae rapidae linea 12 coniungit Coloniam et illum aeroportum.

Sunt multae quoque aliae lineae ferriviariae rapidae regionales et interurbanae rapidissimae, quarum una, exempli gratia, in urbem [[Lutetia]]m tendit.

== Vita coloniensis ==
[[Fasciculus:Kranz Koelsch.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Corona poculorum vitreorum cervisia '''Coloniensi''' plenorum]]
Coloniae [[cervisia]] sui generis coquitur, a Coloniensibus dialecto eorum ''Kölsch'' nuncupata. E contrario in urbe aemulatrici [[Dusseldorpium|Dusseldorpio]] cervisia &quot;alta&quot; ut aiunt vel Germanice &quot;Alt&quot; braxatur. Nomen a modo fermentationis orietur, quae Germanice &quot;obergärig&quot; (id est: in alto fermentans) appellatur.

[[Dies lunae]] rabidus ut dicitur vel secundum hodiernam populi [[etymologia]]m dies lunae rosarum est vertex [[carnelevarium Rhenanum|carnelevarii]] Coloniae. Haec dies est paenultimus ante [[Dies Cinerum|diem quartam cinerum]], initium [[quadragesima]]e.

Cantores et greges musici Colonici sicut &quot;Bläck Fööss&quot; (''Pedes Nudi'') vel &quot;Höhner&quot; (''Gallinae'') multas carmines in sermone Colonica composuerunt, exempli gratia &quot;[[Viva Colonia]]&quot;.

== Geographia ==
Dextra in [[Rhenus|Rheni]] ripa civitas [[Divitia]] sita est, quae anno [[1888]] pars Coloniae facta est. Hoc transrhenanum latus ab indigenis vulgo &quot;schäl Sick&quot; vocatur.

Apud urbem insula in flumine erat ubi primus [[portus]] Coloniae fuit.

Urbs in octaginta sex regiones divisa est, vide: [[Regiones Coloniae Agrippinae]].

== Institutiones ==
=== Musea ===
[[Museum Romano-Germanicum]] iuxta ecclesiam cathedralem et prope stationem ferriviae situm est. Pars etiam anticae viae ibi est.

Alia Musea:
* [[Museum Ludovici (Colonia Agrippina)]]
* [[Museum Wallraf-Richartz]]
* [[Museum Civitatis Coloniae Agrippinae]]
* [[Museum Dioecesis archiepiscopalis Coloniae Agrippinae]]
* [[Museum Artis Asiae orientalis (Colonia Agrippina)]]
* [[Museum Schnütgen]]

=== Archiva ===
[[Archivum Civitatis Coloniae Agrippinae]] maximum urbium Europae septentrionalis est. Die [[3 Martii]] [[2009]] propter menda in constructione ferriviae subterraneae domus archivi collapsa est.&lt;ref&gt;Ulrich Fischer: ''Einsturz – Bergung – Perspektiven. Ansichten und Einsichten'' in: Schmidt-Czaja, Soénius (ed.): ''Gedächtnisort. Das Historische Archiv der Stadt Köln'' (Colonia Agrippina 2010), pag. 39–65.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Religio ==
=== Ecclesia catholica ===
[[Fasciculus:Cologne Cathedral Shrine of Magi.jpg|thumb|Arca aurea trium Magorum in ecclesia cathedrali '''Coloniae Agrippinae''']]
Colonia est sedes archiepiscopalis nomine [[Archidioecesis Coloniensis]]. Praesens [[archiepiscopus]] ex anno 2015 [[cardinalis]] [[Rainerius Maria Woelki]] est.

Ecclesia archiepiscopi est [[Ecclesia cathedralis (Colonia Agrippina)|Ecclesia cathedralis Sancti Petri Coloniensis]].&lt;ref&gt;Hugo Borger, Rainer Gaertner: ''Der Dom zu Köln.'' Coloniae Agrippinae 1980. ISBN 3-7743-0180-8. – Klaus Gereon Beuckers: ''Der Kölner Dom.'' Darmstadii 2004. ISBN 3-534-15737-0.&lt;/ref&gt;

Die [[23 Iulii]] [[1164]] ab archiepiscopo [[Rainaldus de Dassela|Rainoldo de Dassela]] cancellario regio [[Reliquiae sacrae|reliquiae]] trium [[Magi (Biblia)|regum sanctorum]] ab urbe [[Mediolanum|Mediolano]] in ecclesiam urbis Coloniae Agrippinae translatae sunt, unde maior [[Peregrinatio (religio)|peregrinatio]] christianorum ad hanc ecclesiam et illos patronos urbis orta est.&lt;ref&gt;Dorothee Kemper, ''Die Goldschmiedearbeiten am Dreikönigenschrein: Bestand und Geschichte seiner Restaurierungen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert,'' tomus 3, (Colonia Agrippina: 2014). Rolf Lauer, ''Der Schrein der Heiligen Drei Könige'' (Colonia Agrippina: 2006). Rolf Lauer, &quot;Dreikönigenschrein,&quot; in ''Ornamenta Ecclesiae, Kunst und Künstler der Romanik in Köln,'' tomus 2, (Coloniae Agrippinae: 1985), 215–226. Walter Schulten, ''Der Schrein der Heiligen Drei Könige im Kölner Dom'' (Coloniae Agrippinae: 1975).&lt;/ref&gt;

Notae sunt incolis hospitibusque urbis etiam [[Duodecim Ecclesiae Romanicae Colonienses]] mediaevales. A [[saeculum|saeculo]] [[saeculum XII|duodecimo]] usque ad [[saeculum 15|quintum decimum]] maximi momenti erant Coloniae, qui in loca sacra veniebant, ut animas melius ad [[caelum]] sustulerint. Aedes autem trium regum sacrorum maxime certo petebatur.

==== Basilicae catholicae Colonienses ====
Inter basilicas parochiales Coloniae Agrippinae maiores sunt:&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Becker-Huberti, Günter A. Menne: '' Kölner Kirchen, die Kirchen der katholischen und evangelischen Gemeinden in Köln''. Coloniae Agrippinae  2004. ISBN 3-7616-1731-3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jürgen Kaiser, Florian Monheim: ''Die großen romanischen Kirchen in Köln'', Coloniae 2013. ISBN 978-3-7743-0615-8.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ecclesia Sanctae Ursulae]] (vide: [[Ursula Coloniensis|Ursulam Coloniensem]]; aedificium [[Ars Romanica|Romanicum]])&lt;ref&gt;Oskar Schade: ''Die Sage von der Heiligen Ursula und den elftausend Jungfrauen: Ein Beitrag zur Sagenforschung''. 3. Ed. Rümpler, Hannoverae 1854 ([http://www.google.de/books?id=_8MJAAAAQAAJ in interrete])&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ecclesia [[Martinus Turonensis|Sancti Martini]]
* Basilica Sancti Cuniberti (aedificium Romanicum)&lt;ref&gt;Christoph Machat: &quot;St. Kunibert. Das Bauwerk von den Anfängen bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg&quot;. In: Hiltrud Kier, Ulrich Krings (ed.): &quot;Köln: Die Romanischen Kirchen. Von den Anfängen bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg&quot;. Coloniae 1984, p. 306-330. ISBN 3-7616-0761-X.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Basilica [[Apostoli|Sanctorum Apostolorum]] (aedificium Romanicum)&lt;ref&gt;Annerose Berners: ''St. Aposteln in Köln. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte eines mittelalterlichen Kollegiatstifts bis ins 15. Jahrhundert.'' 2 t., Bonnae 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Basilica [[Caecilia Romana|Sanctae Caeciliae]] (aedificium Romanicum)&lt;ref&gt;Heinz Firmenich: ''St. Peter und St. Cäcilien in Köln''. (''Rheinische Kunststätten'', 61). Coloniae, 1976. ISBN 388094018.5.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Basilica [[Georgius (sanctus)|Sancti Georgii]] (aedificium Romanicum)&lt;ref&gt;Wilhelm Schorn, Albert Verbeek: ''Die Kirche St. Georg in Köln''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]] 1940.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ecclesia Sancti Gereonis (aedificium Romanicum)
* Sancta Maria in Lyskirchen, etiam ecclesia [[nauta]]rum vocata (aedificium Romanicum)
* Sancta Maria Capitolinensis
* Basilica Sancti Martini maior (aedificium Romanicum)
* Basilica Sancti Severini (aedificium Romanicum) &lt;ref&gt;Wilhelm Schmidt-Bleibtreu: ''Das Stift St. Severin in Köln''. Siegburgi 1982, ISBN 3-87710-096-1.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ecclesia Sancti Pantaleoni (aedificium Romanicum) &lt;ref&gt;Hans J. Kracht: ''Geschichte der Benediktinerabtei St. Pantaleon in Köln 965–1250''. Siegburgi 1975. ISBN 3-87710-067-8.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ecclesia Sanctae Mariae callis cupri&lt;ref&gt;Stephanie Habeth-Allhorn: ''175 Jahre Cellitinnen zur hl. Maria in der Kupfergasse, eine sozial-karitative Ordensgemeinschaft im Herzen von Köln''. Coloniae 2003. ISBN 3-7616-1768-2.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Basilica Nativitatis Sanctae Mariae

=== Ecclesia evangelica ===
Saeculo 16 Coloniae quattuor communitates reformatorum fuerunt. Ab anno [[1802]] ecclesiae evangelicae cura religionis in urbe Colonia Agrippina concessa fuit. Primus parochus evangelicus Coloniae fuit [[Christianus Gottlibus Bruch]]. Anno [[1860]] aedificium Ecclesiae evangelicae Sancti Trinitatis constructum est.&lt;ref&gt;Barbara Becker-Jákli: ''Die Protestanten in Köln. Die Entwicklung einer religiösen Minderheit von der Mitte des 18. bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts''. Coloniae 1983. – Günther A. Menne, Christoph Nötzel (ed.): ''Evangelische Kirchen in Köln und Umgebung.'' Coloniae 2007. ISBN 3-7616-1944-8.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Communitas Iudaeorum ===
[[Iudaei]] iam saeculo 4 in urbe habitabant. Haec prima communitas Iudaeica ad septentrionem montium [[alpes|Alpium]] erat.&lt;ref&gt;Ernst Weyden: Geschichte der Juden in Köln am Rhein von der Römerzeit bis in die Gegenwart. Nebst Noten und Urkunden (Colonia Agrippina 1867).&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Religio islamica ===
Coloniae [[Musulmanus|musulmani]] nunc [[meschita]]m centralem instituunt.

== Aedificia ==
* [[Colonius]], turris televisionis
* [[Pollonius]]

== Incolae noti ==
=== Aetas antiqua ===
* [[Agrippina minor]] (15 p.C.n. - 59)

=== Nati ===
* [[Ioannes Hulsman]] (circa 1610 - 1649), pictor 
* [[Iacobus Offenbach]] (1819 - 1880), compositor
* [[Maximus Bruch]] (1838 - 1918), compositor
* [[Augustus Bebel]] (1840 - 1913), homo politicus factionis [[SPD]]
*[[Gulielmus Leibl]], (1844 - 1900), pictor 
* [[Carolus Bosch]] (1874 - 1914), chemicus, praemio Nobeliano lauratus
* [[Conradus Adenauer]] (1876 - 1967), magister civium civitatis patriae et cancellarius Germanicus
* [[Gulielmus Millowitsch]] (1909 - 1999), comoedus
* [[Ioannes Katzer]] (1919 - 1996), vir publicus factionis [[CDU]]
* [[Henricus Böll]] (1917 - 1985), scriptor
* [[Helmut Kickton]] (*1956), organista
* [[Franciscus Schätzing]] (*1957), scriptor
* [[Alexander Comes Lambsdorff]] (*1966), vir publicus

=== Mortui ===
* [[Hartlevus de Marca]] -[[1390]], primus rector [[Universitas Studii Coloniensis|universitatis studii Coloniensis]]
* [[Ioannes Katzer]] (1919 - 1996), vir publicus factionis [[CDU]]
* [[Gulielmus Millowitsch]] (1909 - 1999), comoedus
* [[Ioannes-Georgius Wischnewski]] (1922 - 2005), vir publicus factionis [[SPD]]
* [[Guido Westerwelle]] (1961 - 2016), vir publicus factionis [[FDP]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Hugo Borger, Frank Günter Zehnder: ''Köln. Die Stadt als Kunstwerk. Stadtansichten vom 15. bis 20. Jahrhundert.'' Greven, Coloniae 1982, ISBN 3-7743-0181-6.
* Reinhard Matz und Wolfgang Vollmer: ''Köln nach dem Krieg. Leben Kultur Stadt 1950–1990'', Greven, Coloniae 2014, ISBN 978-3-7743-0628-8.
* Jürgen Wilhelm: ''Das große Köln-Lexikon''. Greven, Coloniae 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0355-X.
* Ulrich Soénius, Jürgen Wilhelm (ed.): ''Kölner Personen-Lexikon.'' Greven, Köln 2007, ISBN 978-3-7743-0400-0.Coloniae
* Dorothea Wiktorin (ed.): ''Köln, der historisch- topographische Atlas.'' Coloniae 2001, ISBN 3-89705-229-6.
* Erich Keyser (ed.): ''Rheinisches Städtebuch.'' Band III 3. Teilband aus ''Deutsches Städtebuch. Handbuch städtischer Geschichte. Im Auftrage der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der historischen Kommissionen und mit Unterstützung des Deutschen Städtetages, des Deutschen Städtebundes und des Deutschen Gemeindetages.'' Stutgardii 1956.
* Helmut Signon, Klaus Schmidt: ''Alle Straßen führen durch Köln.'' Coloniae 2006, ISBN 3-7743-0379-7.
* Ansgar Bach: ''Literarisches Köln. 80 Autoren – Wohnorte, Wirken und Werke.'' Berolini 2002, ISBN 3-931911-23-3.
* Uwe Schwarz: ''Köln und sein Umland in alten Karten. Von der Eifelkarte zur Generalstabskarte (1550 bis 1897).'' Coloniae 2005, ISBN 3-89705-343-8.
* Rüdiger Schünemann-Steffen: ''Kölner Straßennamen-Lexikon'', Jörg Rüshü Selbstverlag, Coloniae 1999, ³/2013
* Gerhard Curdes, Markus Ulrich: ''Die Entwicklung des Kölner Stadtraumes. Der Einfluss von Leitbildern und Innovationen auf die Form der Stadt.'' Trmoniae 1997, ISBN 3-929797-36-4.
* Werner Eck: ''Köln in römischer Zeit. Geschichte einer Stadt im Rahmen des Imperium Romanum.'' Coloniae 2004, ISBN 3-7743-0357-6.
* Hiltrud Kier: ''Kleine Kunstgeschichte Kölns.'' Monachii 2001, ISBN 3-406-47170-6.
* Martin Rüther: ''Köln im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Alltag und Erfahrungen zwischen 1939 und 1945.'' Coloniae 2005, ISBN 3-89705-407-8.
* Christian Schuh: ''Kölns 85 Stadtteile. Geschichte, Daten, Fakten, Namen. Von A wie Altstadt bis Z wie Zündorf.'' Coloniae 2003, ISBN 3-89705-278-4.
* Arnold Stelzmann, Robert Frohn: ''Illustrierte Geschichte der Stadt Köln.'' Coloniae 1990, ISBN 3-7616-0973-6 (1. Auflage 1958).
* Maik Kopleck, Gregory Piatkowski: ''Von der Colonia Agrippina bis zum „Deutschen Herbst“.'' Dusseldorpii 2008, ISBN 978-988-99780-4-4.
* Dieter Luippold, Achim Bourmer et. al.: ''Köln.'' Baedeker, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-8297-1131-9.
* Martin Stankowski: ''Darum ist es am Rhein so schön. Vom Kölner Dom zur Loreley. Der andere Reiseführer.'' Kiepenheuer &amp; Witsch, Coloniae 2009, ISBN 978-3-462-04107-1.
* Christian Bartz: ''Köln im Dreißigjährigen Krieg. Die Politik des Rates der Stadt (1618–1635). Vorwiegend anhand der Ratsprotokolle im Historischen Archiv der Stadt Köln.'' Francofurti 2005.
* Carl Dietmar, Werner Jung: ''Kleine illustrierte Geschichte der Stadt Köln.'' Coloniae 2009, ISBN 978-3-7616-2226-1.
* Carl Dietmar und Werner Jung: ''Köln. Die große Stadtgeschichte'', Assindiae 2015, ISBN 978-3-8375-1487-2.
* Horst Matzerath: ''Köln in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus 1933–1945.'' Coloniae 2009, ISBN 978-3-7743-0429-1.
* Klaus Müller: ''Köln von der französischen zur preußischen Herrschaft, 1794–1815.'' Coloniae 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0375-4.
* Hugo Borger, Frank Günter Zehnder: ''Köln. Die Stadt als Kunstwerk. Stadtansichten vom 15. bis 20. Jahrhundert.'' Coloniae 1982, ISBN 3-7743-0181-6.
* Alexander Kierdorf (ed.): ''Köln. Ein Architekturführer. Architectural Guide to Cologne.'' Berolini 1999, ISBN 3-496-01181-5.
* Werner Schäfke: ''Kölns romanische Kirchen. Architektur, Kunst, Geschichte.'' Coloniae 2004, ISBN 3-89705-321-7.
* Hermann Rheindorf: ''Chronik der Kölner Rheinbrücken.'' DVD, ISBN 3-9813237-4-2, 2010.


{{NexInt}}
* [[Ara Victoriae Coloniae Claudiae Arae Agrippinensium]]
* [[Trifolium Coloniense]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Cologne|Coloniam Agrippinam}}
{{Grc|Κολωνία}}
{{Coord|50|56|32|N|6|57|28|E|display=title}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [http://www.museenkoeln.de/roemisch-germanisches-museum/ Pagina domestica musei Romano-Germanici Theodisce et [[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]]

== [[Pinacotheca]] ==
=== Moderna ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Hotel excelsior 20050903.jpg|[[Deversorium]] &quot;Excelsior&quot;
Image:Kölner Dom - Westfassade 2022 ohne Gerüst-0968.jpg|Ecclesia Cathedralis '''Coloniae'''
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Cathedral_main_entrance.jpg|Ecclesia Cathedralis '''Coloniae''' 
Image:Cathedral_of_Cologne3.jpg|Ecclesia Cathedralis '''Coloniae''' 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Romana ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Legionär von der Hohen Strasse Römisch-Germanisches Museum Köln.jpg|Legionarius in museo Romano Germanico
Image:Sepulcher of Poblicius Römisch-Germanisches Museum Cologne 5.jpg|Sepulcrum Poblicii anno [[40]]
Image:Grave relief of Iulius Baccus Römisch-Germanisches Museum Cologne.jpg|Sepulcrum Iulii Bacci exeunte I saeculo
Image:Kapitol Köln links2.jpg|Templum Capitolinum
Image:Roman sewer in Cologne-7242.jpg|Cloaca
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Inscriptiones Latinae ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:DomeCologneRosetteLat.JPG|Inscriptio Latina simulacri saxi altissimi cathedralis
Image:StMichaelAtCathedralCologne.jpg|[[Michael (archangelus)|Sanctus Michael]]—QUIS UT DEUS
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Urbes Europae maximae}}
{{Capita civitatum Galliae Romanae}}
{{Urbes Romanae Germaniae}}
{{CirculiRSV}}

{{Coloniae Agrippinae circuli}}
{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Capita civitatum Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Colonia Agrippina| ]]
[[Categoria:Coloniae Romanae]]
[[Categoria:Condita 50]]
[[Categoria:Historia Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Rhenus]]
[[Categoria:Sedes archiepiscopales Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Ubii]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Galliae Romanae]]
[[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]]
[[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>David Morgan</title>
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      <text bytes="9557" sha1="pktwz10t8runelf9uknfco56bk3ycvk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:David Morgan.jpg|thumb|David Morgan apud [[Conventiculum Latinum Lexintoniense]], anno 2004.]]
'''David Wells Morgan''' (natus [[22 Iulii]] [[1959]], mortuus [[6 Februarii]] [[2013]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/greenvilleonline/obituary.aspx?n=david-wells-morgan&amp;pid=162921384 Obitus nuntiatus] in ''The Greenville News.''&lt;/ref&gt;), [[natio]]ne [[Cherokeenses|Cherokeensis]], [[civitas|civitate]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]], fuit [[professor]] [[Lingua Francogallica|Linguae Francogallicae]] in [[Universitas Furman|Universitate Furman]].

==Vita==
Morgan natus est [[22 Iulii]] [[1959]], parentibus Thoma Gulielmo et Dorothea Wells Morgan. Gradum [[baccalaureatus|baccalaurealem]] adeptus est cum [[Baccalaureus Artium|artium]] (in [[Lingua Francogallica]] et [[historia]]) tum [[Baccalaureus Scientiarum|scientiarum]] (in [[oeconomia]]), anno [[1981]], a [[Collegium Wofford|Collegio Wofford]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.furman.edu/if/morgan.pdf{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Primum gradum doctoralem, [[Doctor iuris|Iuris Doctoratum]] ab [[Universitas Vanderbiltia|Universitate Vanderbiltia]], anno [[1984]] adeptus, munere [[Causidicus|iuris consulti]] quattuor annos [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] fungebatur, [[lex|legum]] ad [[collegium (ius)|corporationes sive societates]] quaestuosas pertinentium peritus. A quo munere [[pecunia]]m haud minorem accepit, et vitam, ut serioribus annis solebat ipse iudicare, satis dissipatam vivebat. 

At tandem aliquando illum taeduit gaudiorum cito evanescentium, et hominibus circumspectis quos noverat, animadvertit [[professor]]es universitarios videri beatissimos et omnium maxime muneribus suis contentos. Itaque subito multis mirantibus munus quod habuit abiecit, et linguae Francogallicae in [[Universitas Princetoniensis|Universitate Princetoniensi]] operam dare coepit. Ibi adeptus est gradus [[Magister Artium|magistralem]] et, anno [[1992]], [[doctor philosophiae|doctoralem]] in lingua [[litterae Franciae|litterisque Francogallicis]].

Quos gradus adeptus, munus quaestuosum suscepit in [[Universitas Columbiae|Collegio Columbiae]]. Cum doctissimis quidem et notissimis ibi habebat crebrum commercium, quod ei valde placebat; cum discipulis autem, facultatem commercii nimium parvam esse duxit. Transivit igitur anno [[1993]] ad Universitatem Furmanianam ubi munere quaestuoso functus est [[professor]]is [[lingua Francogallica|linguae Francogallicae]]. Ibi non solum de [[lingua]], [[litterae|litteris]], [[cultura|cultuque civili]] Francogallicis docere, sed etiam interdum, priore gradu doctorali nixus, de [[ius auctoris|iure publicandi]].&lt;ref&gt;Vide exempli causa hunc syllabum scholae ad quam perficiendam non vixit: https://web.archive.org/web/20130810135734/http://millie.furman.edu/morgan/copyright.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

Vir versutissimus, paene nulli arti defuit. Argute canere potuit, tam [[clavile|clavili]] quam [[vox|voce]]. Linguas [[lingua Francogallica|Francogallicam]], [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicam]], [[lingua Germanica|Germanicam]], [[lingua Italica|Italicam]], et [[lingua Latina|Latinam]] tanta volubilitate et peritia callebat, ut multi eum pulchrius quam sermone patrio [[lingua Anglica|Anglico]] eloqui crederent. Et alias linguas citissime discere poterat:

{{citatio
| 1 = ... anno 2001 participes conventûs Brasiliani [[Portus Alacer (Brasilia)|Portualacrensis]], quem [[Eduardus Engelsing|Eduardus]] [Engelsing] ipse et Myrna Appel mirum in modum apparaverant, ambo fueramus. Vir erat doctissimus, sed modestus: v.g. se nescire linguam Lusitanicam aiebat; sed quodam die, dum autocineto meritorio per quasdam illius urbis vias vehimur, cum autocineti gubernatore non minus quindecim temporis minutis Lusitanice vel Brasiliane tam fluenter locutus est, ut ego non palatia, non tabernas, non feminas vestibus multicoloribus indutas observarem, sed Davidem Lusitanice loquentem obstupefactus intentusque auscultarem. 
| 2 = [[Victorius Ciarrocchi]]
| 3 = &lt;/i&gt;Epistula ad [[Grex Latine Loquentium|Gregem Latine Loquentium]], 8 Februarii, 2013
}}

Die [[6 Februarii]] anni [[2013]] [[Carolinum|Carolini]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://newspress.furman.edu/?p=5522 University mourns loss of David Morgan]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud furman.edu&lt;/ref&gt;, [[iecur|iecinore]] captus, de vitá decessit.

==De re Latina==
Morgan usque ad annum 2007 [[Conventiculum Latinum Lexintoniense]] frequentare solebat. Aliis etiam interfuit [[Latinitas viva|Latinitatis vivae]] conventiculis et rusticationibus, et [[Conventiculum Bostoniense|Conventiculo Bostoniensi]] moderabatur. Multorum etiam conventuum Europaeorum particeps fuit, et sodalis [[Academia Latinitati Fovendae|Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]]. Amicus fidelis [[Aloisius Miraglia|Aloisii Miraglia]], nonnumquam scholas acroasesve dedit apud [[Vivarium Novum]].

Ineunte millennio tertio,&lt;ref&gt;Annum non habeo satis compertum, sed [http://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disputatio%3AMusica_rock&amp;diff=77982&amp;oldid=60372 hic] dixit se scripta sua &quot;''5 or 6 years ago''&quot; ('abhinc quinque sexve annis' nempe a 2005) interreti exposuisse.&lt;/ref&gt; consilium cum [[Terentius Tunberg|Terentio Tunberg]] et [[Milena Minkova]] cepit [[Lexicon]] novum [[lingua Anglica|Anglico]]-[[lingua Latina|Latinum]] [[Latinitas viva|Latinitatis recentioris]] concinnandi. Ut hoc faceret primum ''Silvam'' (id est materiem, sive basin datorum) componebat, vocum locutionumque ex omnibus fontibus quas invenisset, sive bonas, sive malas, sive fatuas, sive serias, dein optima cernebat et proposita sua inscribebat in ''Adumbrationem''. Ambo documenta simul in telam totius terrae proscripsit, quo melius Tunberg et Minkova viderent, quod fecit nescius se paginas in conspectu omnium exponere. Hae paginae cito insigne emolumentum Latinitatis recentioris fautoribus omnibus factae sunt, inscio Morgan, et paene invito. Sed etiam cum certior factus esset omnes iam opera sua lexicographica invenisse et cognovisse, paginas non detulit, et quod maius est etiam interdum (sed rarissime) novas versiones exponebat.

Labentibus annis, auctorum turma variis de causis lexicon simul componere non potuerant et Morgan, consilio mutato, vires suas in lexicon unius auctoris a sese solo scribendum vertit. Eo defuncto, opus in manus [[Patricius Oenus|Patricii Oeni]] devolvit, qui nunc lexico recensendo praeest.

==Opera==
* 1992: ''La querelle de la chaire: eloquence and religious oratory in the Ancien régime'' (dissertatio inauguralis Princetoniensis)
* 1996: ''De la morale à l'économie politique : dialogue franco-américain sur les moralistes français: actes du colloque de Columbia University (New York) 14-15-16 octobri 1994'' (cum Petro Force, Vincentio Desrosches)
* 1999: &quot;[http://mcl.as.uky.edu/schall De Adami Schall ''Historica Narratione'': Quo Modo Sinae Sint Latinae Factae]&quot;, in ''[[Retiarius (periodicum)|Retiario]]'' n° 2.2a
* 1999: &quot;Floret Latinitas in America Foederata&quot;, in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 93, anno 1999, pp. 6–8.
* 2001: &quot;De Seminario Brasiliensi&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 102, anno 2001, pp. 1–2.
* 2005–2012: ''Adumbratio Lexici Anglici et Latini'' ([http://www.josephsusanka.com/adumbratio Oeni recensio]{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})
* 2005–2013: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191211174328/http://www.josephsusanka.com/silva Silva ad Lexicum Anglicum et Latinum]'' 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Lexica Neolatina]]

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Nexus externi==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070914154646/http://facweb.furman.edu/~dmorgan/ Pagina interretalis Davidis Morgan,] facweb.furman.edu
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZM8oZp8qdU Pellicula Morgan docentis,] www.youtube.com
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWm7P6zdldo Altera pellicula Morgan docentis,] www.youtube.com
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/gladivs/8tVZRWnB8QU Laus Morgan,] groups.google.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130211063653/http://vivariumnovum.net/la/2013/02/david-morgan Obitus a Vivario Novo nuntiatus]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YK2GnA2WW0 Pellicula a sodalibus Academiae Vivarii novi confectam in eius memoriam] www.youtube.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134613/http://korukoszbarlangja.blogspot.com.au/2013/02/egy-jobarat-halalara.html?spref=fb Obitus Hungarice nuntiatus, et laudes] 
* [http://www.johnbyronkuhner.com/2013/02/in-paradisum-david-morgan/ &quot;In Paradisum David Morgan&quot;] Laudatio a Ioanne Byrone Kuhner.
* [http://www.johnbyronkuhner.com/2013/02/nancy-llewellyns-eulogy-for-david-morgan/ Eulogium] ab [[Annula Llewellyn]] ad funus eius habitum.
* [http://deverbisproverbiisque.blogspot.com/2013/03/de-davide-morgan-indefesso-verborum.html &quot;De Davide Morgan indefesso verborum recentiorum indagatore&quot;], a Iosepho Rojas
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwG_AAnBbKs Venturi non immemor aevi: Davidis Morgan percontatio]
* [https://archive.org/details/TheLexiconAnglumEtLatinumByDavidMorgan Textus adumbrationis et silvae] apud archive.org
* [https://neolatinlexicon.org/ The Morgan-Owens Neo-Latin Lexicon]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morgan, David}}
{{Nexus absunt}}
[[Categoria:Nati 1959]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2013]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Princetoniensis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Vanderbiltiae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]]
[[Categoria:Lexicographi]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Furman]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Melissae]]
[[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Supellex</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3891" sha1="2y7lsqmqn8h2djjsmu4cye6v6chi4go" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ampulla, Nordisk familjebok.png|thumb|[[Ampulla]]e.]]
[[Fasciculus:Roman Kitchen Funnel Saalburg.jpg|thumb|[[Infundibulum]] Romanum.]]
'''Supellex''' (-lectilis, ''f'', vocabulum numero plurali caret) est [[instrumentum]] domesticum ad usum [[homo|hominis]] dicata. 

Latius supellex in ''[[Digesta|Digestis]]'' definitur. Supellex est domesticum [[familia]]e [[instrumentum]], quod neque [[argentum|argento]] [[aurum|aurove]] facto vel [[vestis|vesti]] adnurneratur (Dig. ΧΧΧΙΙΙ 10, 1; &quot;De supellectile legata&quot;). Supellectile legata (ibid. 3), continentur [[mensa]]e, [[trapezophorum|trapezophora]], [[delphicum|delphica]], [[subsellium|subsellia]], [[scamnum|scamna]], [[lectus|lecti]] inargentati, [[culcita]], toralia, mappae villosae, vasa aquaria, [[pelvis (supellex)|pelves]], aquiminaria, [[candelabrum|candelabra]], [[lucerna (lampas)|lucernae]], [[trulleum|trullae]]; item vasa ahenea, vitrea et [[fictile|fictilia]] escaria et potoria.
 
Sed saepius supellex omne genus vasorum et instrumentorum ad [[cibus|cibos]] praeparandos ac ministrandos nominatur.

==Supellectilia varia==
{{div col|3}}
*[[amphora]]
*[[ampulla]]
*caccabus
*[[catinum]], catillum, catinulum, catinulus, catillus
*[[cervical]]
*[[cribrum]]
*[[cortina]]
*[[cupella]] vel [[cupula]]
*[[dolium]]
*[[Ferculum (ars coquinaria)|ferculum]]
*[[infundibulum]]
*[[lagoena]]
*[[lectus]]
*[[Mortarium (instrumentum domesticum)|mortarium]]
*[[pegma (supellex)|pegma]]
*[[situla]]
*[[tripus]]
*[[urceus]]
{{div col end}}

== Bibliographia ==
* Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. [[2012]]. ''Baroque &amp; Rococo.'' Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-7148-5742-8.
* Blakemore, Robbie G. [[2006]]. ''History of interior design &amp; furniture: from ancient Egypt to nineteenth-century Europe.'' J. Wiley &amp; Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-46433-4. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NTzrAAAAMAAJ Google Books.]
* Bucătaru, Marina. [[1991]]. ''Stiluri și Ornamente la Mobilier.'' Editura Didactică și Pedagogică. ISBN 973-30-1079-0.
* Gadalla, Moustafa. [[2007]]. ''The Ancient Egyptian Culture Revealed.'' Tehuti Research Foundation. ISBN 978-1-931446-27-3. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BDWYJIx95FUC Google Books.]
* Litchfield, Frederick. [[2011]]. ''Illustrated History of Furniture.'' Arcturus Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84837-803-2. [https://books.google.com/books?id=L1SzuAAACAAJ Google Books.]
* Lucie-Smith, Edward. [[1979]]. ''Furniture: A Concise History.'' Londinii: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-18173-7. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bSWUjwEACAAJ Google Books.]
* Metropolitan Museum of Art. [[1999]]. ''Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids.'' Novi Eboraci: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-87099-907-9. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mxAZpKoo-YwC Google Books.]
* Richter, G. M. A. [[1966]]. ''The Furniture of the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans.'' Phaidon. [https://archive.org/details/furnitureofgreek0000rich Google Books.]
* Roebuck, Carl. [[1966]]. ''The World of Ancient Times.'' Novi Eboraci: Charles Schribner's Sons Publishing.
* Smardzewski, Jerzy. [[2015]]. ''Furniture Design.'' Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-19533-9. [https://books.google.com/books?id=IeDyCQAAQBAJ Google Books.]
* Solodow, Joseph B. [[2010]]. ''Latin Alive: The Survival of Latin in English and the Romance Languages.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-48471-8. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6UgAwAAQBAJ Google Books.]
* Weekley, Ernest. [[2013]]. ''An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English.'' Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-12287-8. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fj_CAgAAQBAJ Google Books.]
* Wanscher, Ole. [[1980]]. ''Sella Curulis: The Folding Stool, an Ancient Symbol of Dignity.'' Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger.

==Nexus externi==
{{forcellini}}[http://linguax.com/lexica/forc.php?searchedLG=supellex sub verbo]

[[Categoria:Domus]]
[[Categoria:Ornatio]]{{Myrias|Anthropologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vascus Gama</title>
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      <text bytes="28671" sha1="qgoegbaba7cqvwerkrd16l694uill67" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}

{{res|Vascus Gama}},&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Vascus Gama Vediguerra&quot;: [[Iacobus Augustus Thuanus]], ''[[Historiae sui temporis]]'' {{Google Books|UNC06xnaA9UC|vide p. 663}}. &quot;Vascus . . . Gamma&quot;: [[Ludovicus Camonius]], ''[[Lusiadae]]'' Latine redditae [https://archive.org/stream/lusiadumlibridec00cam#page/n37/mode/2up lib. 1 v. 442] et [https://archive.org/stream/lusiadumlibridec00cam#page/n27/mode/2up v. 147] etc. Alibi &quot;Vasquius Gama&quot;, &quot;Vasquius de Gama&quot; etc.&lt;/ref&gt; vulgo ''Vasco da Gama'' (natus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sines||pt|qid=Q372922}} in oppido [[Portugallia]]e anno fortasse [[1469]]; mortuus [[Cochinum|Cochini]] in [[India]] die [[24 Decembris]] [[1524]]), [[explorator]] Lusitanus, primus per [[oceanus|oceanum]] ab [[Europa]] usque ad [[India]]m [[navigatio|navigavit]].

== De origine et iuventute ==
De [[iuventus|iuventute]] Vasci Gama perpauca nota sunt. Pater eius erat {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Stephanus Gama||en|qid=Q922253}}, qui aulicus principi {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ferdinandus (dux Viseensis)|Ferdinando|pt|qid=Q375141}}, duci Viseensi, consulebat, [[eques]] [[Militia Sancti Iacobi|ordinis militaris Sancti Iacobi]] erat, ab anno 1460 praefectus (''alcaide-mor'') {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sines||pt|qid=Q372922}}, oppidi litoralis erat, quod munus usque ad annum 1478 tenuit. Uxor patris, [[Isabella Sodré]], e gente aulicorum apud principem {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iacobus (dux Viseensis)|Iacobum|pt|qid=Q6028980}}, ducem Viseensem, et equitum [[Ordo Militiae Iesu Christi|ordinis Militiae Christi]] orta, ad quinque filios peperit, quorum tertius Vascus anno aut 1460 aut potius 1469 natus erat. Satis constat ordines militares de successione regis [[Ioannes II (rex Portugalliae)|Ioannis II]] factiones oppositas constituisse: regis enim filius solus legitimus, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Alphonsus (princeps Portugallensis)|Alphonsus|pt|qid=Q782939}}, casu adverso anno [[1491]] vitam amisit. Cuius frater illegitimus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius (dux Conimbrigensis)|Georgius de Lencastre|pt|qid=Q2663119}} magister ordinis Sancti Iacobi eo tempore factus est, quo regis germanus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Manuel (rex Portugalliae)|Manuel|pt|qid=Q191231}} ordinem Christi duxit.

Stephanus, Vasci pater, ducis Georgii sectator, iam a rege Ioanne dux futurae expeditionis Indicae selectus est. Rege subito anno 1495 mortuo, successor legitimus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Manuel (rex Portugalliae)|Manuel|pt|qid=Q191231}} an eidem Stephano navigationem committere vellet nemo pro certo scit, quoniam inter milites S. Iacobi pro obtrectatore Georgio contenderat. Patre Stephano anno 1497 mortuo filius Vascus selectus est, qui se iam dudum contra patrem una cum avunculis suis ad ordinem Christi addiderat. Iam diebus 17-[[18 Decembris]] [[1495]] Manuele nuper regnum ingresso Vascus &quot;aulae regis nostri et ordinis S. Iacobi eques&quot; commandarias duas divites, videlicet [[Mouguelas]] et [[Chouparria]], e manibus ducis Georgii accepit &quot;propter officia perutilia quae pro rege Ioanne defuncto et pro rege nostro Manuele fecit et facturus est.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Ames (2009)}} p. 8&lt;/ref&gt; Quorum officiorum unum tantum scimus. Ex chronicis [[Garcia de Resende]] cognoscitur anno [[1492]] nautas [[Francia|Francicos]] navem Portugallensem auro oneratam prope castellum Africanum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Arx Sancti Georgii de Mina|Sancti Georgii de Mina|en|qid=Q968662}} cepisse. De qua re certior factus rex Ioannes continuo Vascum Gama, &quot;hominem cui credidit et qui iam in classibus et rebus maritimis bene meruit,&quot; ad [[Cetobrica]]m et ad portus regni [[Algarbia]]e misit ut naves Francicas raperet nautasque expelleret, quod brevi spatio temporis effecit.&lt;ref&gt;[[Garcia de Resende]], ''[[Crónica de dom João II (Resende)|Crónica de dom João II]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/chronicadosvaler00rese#page/n211/mode/2up cap. 145]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;t&quot;&gt;''Homem de que ele confiava, e servia em armadas e cousas do mar.''&lt;/ref&gt;

Qua ratione rex hanc novam expeditionem ac difficilem homini tam iuveni traderet, in materia historica varie exponitur. [[Ferdinandus Lopes de Castanheda]], qui anno 1551 historiam suam componere coepit, asseverat [[Paulus Gama|Paulo Gama]], maximo natu Vasci fratri, a rege idem munus traditum esse quod patri antea traditum esset. At eum ob infirmitates quasdam hoc facere abnuisse fratremque minorem pro se proposuisse; regem vero propterea minime gavisum esse, quod Vascus &quot;rebus maritimis peritus esset, quibus iam multa regi Ioanni utilia fecerat, et etiam magnanimus, ut qui illam expeditionem ad bonam finem adducere posset&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ferdinandus Lopes de Castanheda]], ''[[História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos Portugueses]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/historiadodescob01castuoft#page/n39/mode/2up lib. 1 cap. 2]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;t&quot;&gt;''Do que el-Rei foi contente por saber que ... era Vasco da Gama experimentado nas cousas do mar, em que tinha feito muito serviço a el-Rei dom João, e que era homem de grandes spíritos, e muito proprio para dar fim a este descobrimento.''&lt;/ref&gt; Sed [[Damianus Goës]], qui paulo post chronica regis Manuelis scripsit, Vascum &quot;hominem non iam maritum et satis iuvenem ut labores talis itineris subire posset&quot; refert et ea de causa a rege electum esse.&lt;ref&gt;[[Damianus Goës]], ''[[Crónica do felicíssimo rei D. Manuel]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/chronicadelreidm01gi#page/62/mode/2up lib. 1 cap. 23]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;t&quot;&gt;''Homem solteiro e de idade para poder sofrer os trabalhos de uma tal viagem.''&lt;/ref&gt; Atque [[Casparus Correia]], qui sine documentis et e rumore populari ''[[Lendas da Índia]]'' historiam suam confecit, refert Vascum Gama iuvenem cum eam aulam negotiorum, in qua rex sederet, transgrederetur, a rege observatus ac statim selectus est, &quot;homo prudens, sapientia optimus, ad omne bene susceptum magnanimus&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[[Casparus Correia]], ''[[Lendas da Índia]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/lendasdaindiapub01corruoft#page/12/mode/2up lib. 1 cap. 5]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;t&quot;&gt;''Homem prudente e de bom saber, e de grande ánimo para todo bom feito.''&lt;/ref&gt; Inter omnes constat regem paulo ante ad [[Mons Maior Novus|Montem Maiorem Novum]] aulam egisse et de utilitate expeditionis Indicae diu disputavisse, quam utilitatem rex ipse, consiliariis multis dissuadentibus, postremo adfirmavit; sed [[Ioannes de Barros]], qui anno 1552 scripsit, solus hoc concilium curiose commemorat et contionem regis et responsum Vasci Gama ibidem datum verbatim adfert.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes de Barros]], ''[[Décadas da Ásia]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/decadaprimeirate00barr#page/n137/mode/2up dec. 1 lib. 4].&lt;/ref&gt;

== De prima navigatione ==
[[Fasciculus:Caminho maritimo para a India.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Tabula primae navigationis Vasci Gama a Portugallia Indiam usque annis 1497-[[1498]] factae (atramento depictae), una cum itineribus paulo antea a [[Petrus de Covilhã|Petro de Covilhã]] (colore viridi russoque) et [[Alphonsus de Paiva|Alphonso de Paiva]] (colore viridi caeruleoque) factis, qui a Portugallia anno [[1487]] discedentes per [[Arabia]]m ad [[Aethiopia]]m et Indiam pervenerunt]]
[[Fasciculus:Gama armada of 1497 (Livro das Armadas).jpg|thumb|Naves quattuor cum quibus Vascus Gama anno [[1497]] ab [[Olisipo]]ne in Indiam versus navigare coepit. ''[[Memória das Armadas que de Portugal passaram à Índia]]'' ([[Academia Scientiarum Olisiponensis]])]]
Vascus Gama praecessores in hac navigatione habuit. Iussu a principio [[Henricus Navigator|Henrici]] principis, qui propter hanc rem &quot;Navigator&quot; nuncupatus est, nautae Portugallenses litora occidentalia Africana temptare coeperunt ad viam Oceanicam inveniendam qua [[aroma]]ta Orientalia sine interventione [[Arabes|Arabum]] [[Venetiae|Venetorumque]] ad [[Portugallia]]m adveherentur: iam enim [[Marcus Paulus Venetus]] trans terram continentem iter faciens eas regiones revelaverat unde [[piper nigrum|piper]] et alia condimenta pretiosissima proveniebant. Usque ad 1461 (quo anno Henricus princeps mortuus est) exploratores [[insula Materiae|insulam Materiae]] et [[Azores]] colonizaverant, [[Insulae Promunturii Viridis]] invenerant atque ad limina [[sinus Guineensis]] penetraverunt. [[Ioannes II (rex Portugalliae)|Ioannes II]], Henrici nepos, ad regnum anno 1481 succedens labores avunculi resumpsit. Quo suadente [[Diogo Cão]] ostia [[Congo (flumen)|fluminis Congi]] anno insequenti invenit et anno 1485 ad regiones australes porrexit, litora hodiernae [[Namibia]]e attingens. Ultra mox navigavit [[Bartholomaeus Dias]]: ille enim ad litus [[Africa Australis|Africae Australis]] orientale primus Europaeorum anno 1488 advenit et in reditu [[Promunturium Bonae Spei|promunturium ultimum]] primum observavit, quod &quot;promunturium procellarum&quot;, ''Cabo Tormentoso'', ipse appellavit: causa enim procellarum antea non viderat. Quibus rebus nuntiatis, rex Ioannes certior factus est Africam circumnavigari Indiamque et Asiam orientalem tali navigatione attingi posse, id quod usque adhuc incertum erat, promunturiumque Africae australe ob hanc rationem &quot;Bonae Spei&quot; nuncupare iussit. Propter quas rationes rex explorationem novam iussit, et Stephanum Gama, Vasci patrem, dux navium constituit. Mortuis ambobus, expeditio, a rege Manuele rursus anno [[1497]] mandata, a Vasco Gama parata est.

Ille igitur die [[8 Iulii]] [[1497]] nautas centum et septuaginta ex [[Olisipo]]ne in Oceanum Atlanticum duxit, navigatoribus Portugallensium peritissimis, videlicet [[Petrus de Alenquer]], [[Petrus Escobar]], [[Ioannes de Coimbra]] et [[Alphonsus Gonçalves]], qui naves quattuor gubernaverunt: ''[[Sanctus Gabriel (navis)|S. Gabriel]],'' duce Vasco Gama; ''[[Sanctus Raphael (navis)|S. Raphael]],'' duce fratre [[Paulus Gama|Paulo Gama]]; ''[[Sanctus Michael (navis)|Berrio]],'' postea ''S. Michael'' appellatam, duce [[Nicolaus Coelho|Nicolao Coelho]]; et navem onerariam duce [[Gonsalvus Nunes|Gonsalvo Nunes]]. Viam maritimam susceperunt ab aliis iam repertam per [[Insula Nivaria|insulam Nivariam]] seu Tenariffam et [[Promontorium Viride|insulas Promunturii Viridis]] usque ad litus [[Mons Leoninus|Montis Leonini]]. Inde linea aequatoria transgressa ad meridiem versus porrexerunt, suadente Bartholomeo Dias, qui tali itinere zephyris Atlanticis australibus anno 1487 usus est. Eodem modo Vascus Gama naves suas ad litora Africae australis extremissima die [[4 Novembris]] [[1497]] optimo successu pervenit in [[Sinus Sanctae Helenae|sinum Sanctae Helenae]]. Inde [[Promunturium Bonae Spei|promunturio Bonae Spei]] relicto ad litora [[Natalis (Africa Australis)|Natalis]] venerunt, ita ab illis ad honorem diei [[natalis Christi]] appellata, et in maria usque adhuc Europaeis ignota. Mense Martio iuxta insulam [[Mosambica]]m manserunt, emporium [[Arabes|Arabum]] australissimum, unde contentionibus sublevatis fugerunt. [[Mombasa]]m die [[7 Aprilis]] [[1498]], inde [[Malindi]] die [[14 Aprilis]] venerunt, ubi navigatorem Arabem acceperunt qui transitum Oceani Indici bene cognovit. Quo dirigente ad orientem et septentrionem tenderunt, [[stella Polaris|stella polari]] rursus die [[29 Aprilis]] observata,&lt;ref name=&quot;Roteiro&quot;&gt;''[[Roteiro da viagem de Vasco da Gama em 1497|Roteiro]]'' 29 Aprilis 1498 [https://archive.org/stream/roteirodaviagem02velhgoog#page/n104/mode/2up ed. Herculano p. 49]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;t&quot;&gt;''E au dominguo seguinte ouvemos vista do Norte, o qual avia muito que leixaramos de ver.''&lt;/ref&gt; montibus altis denuo die [[19 Maii]] observatis, tandemque ad oram [[India]]e occidentalem ad locum [[Kāppād]] iuxta [[Cochinum]] die [[20 Maii]] [[1498]] ancoras iecerunt. Oceanis igitur Atlantico et mox Indico tres menses continuos a terrae visu remoti permeaverunt. Hominum nobis cognitorum nemo usque id tempus tale iter bono successu consecutus est.

[[Fasciculus:Map of Samoothiris kingdom.jpg|thumb|left|[[Regnum Calicutium|Regnum Collicuthiae]] anno [[1498]]. Ibi Vascus Gama legationem protulit.]]
[[Fasciculus:Gama armada of 1502 (Livro de Lisuarte de Abreu).jpg|thumb|upright=1.75|Naves undeviginti cum quibus Vascus Gama anno [[1502]] ab [[Olisipo]]ne navigatione altera discedit. ''[[Livro de Lisuarte de Abreu]]'', c. 1565 ([[Bibliotheca Pierpont Morgan]] M.525).]]
Explorator e nave ad urbem Collicuthiam missus mercatores quosdam [[Tunes]]ianos repperit, qui, Portugallensem esse recognoscentes, &quot;I&quot; aiunt &quot;ad diabolum! Quid te hic attraxit?&quot; et mox &quot;Cur hicce mandant neque rex Castiliae, neque Franciae rex, neque senatus Venetiarum?&quot; Quibus &quot;Quia noster Portugallensis vetat!&quot; Isti &quot;Recte facit!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;''[[Roteiro da viagem de Vasco da Gama em 1497|Roteiro]]'' 21 Maii 1498 [https://archive.org/stream/roteirodaviagem02velhgoog#page/n106/mode/2up ed. Herculano, p. 51].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;t&quot;&gt;''Al diabro que te doo! quem te traxo aquà? . . . Porque nom manda quà elrey de Castella e elrey de França e a senhoria de Veneza? -- e elle lhe rrespondeu que elrey de Portugall nom queria consentir que elles quà mandasem, e elles diseram que fazia bem.''&lt;/ref&gt; Is mox ad navem reditus est cum [[Monçaide]], Tunesiano qui verbis Lusitanis dixit: &quot;Bonum facinus! bonum facinus! multi carbunculi! multi smaragdi! multas gratias Deo agere debetis qui vos ad regnum tantarum divitiarum plenum attraxit.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;''[[Roteiro da viagem de Vasco da Gama em 1497|Roteiro]]'' 21 Maii 1498 [https://archive.org/stream/roteirodaviagem02velhgoog#page/n106/mode/2up ed. Herculano p. 51]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;t&quot;&gt;''Boena vemtura, boena ventura: muitos rrobis, muitas esmeraldas! muitas graças devês de dar a Deus por vos trazer a terra honde ha tanta rriquesa.''&lt;/ref&gt;

Rex autem huius regionis possessor, titulo [[Sāmūdīrī]] (apud Portugallenses ''Çamolin'') dignatus, de advenis ignotis certior factus, Collicuthiam properavit. Vascum rite et libenter ad aulam suam invitavit sed donis regis [[Manuel (rex Portugalliae)|Manuelis]] minimi pretii aestimatis pauca in colloquio concedit, mercatoribus Arabicis qui ibi iamdudum recepti erant Vascum non legatum regium sed piratam esse dicentibus. Nautae Lusitani incolas a [[religio Islamica|Mussulmanis]] spretos Christianos esse censerunt, templa [[religio Hinduica|Hinduica]] ecclesias, simulacra deorum Indorum effigies sanctorum Christianorum esse. Ergo Vascus Gama, mercaturis suis vili pretio venditis sed aromatibus gemmisque Indicis abundantissime emptis, nautas duas ad emporium constituendum Collicuthiae relictas, die [[29 Augusti]] [[1498]] abscedit.

== Fontes et fortuna ==
[[Fasciculus:Vasco da Gama signature almirante.svg|thumb|''Ho cõde almyrãte'' ('comes admiralis'): [[subscriptio]] Vasci Gama.]]
[[Fasciculus:Lisbon Portugal 522 vasco de gama (5108217871).jpg|thumb|Vasci Gama [[sepulcrum]] [[Olisipo]]ne in [[ecclesia Sanctae Mariae de Bethlehem (Olisipo)|ecclesia S. Mariae de Bethlehem]] ad [[Monasterium Hieronymitarum (Olisipo)|monasterium Hieronymitarum]] anno [[1894]] restitutum.]]
Fons primarius primi itineris est ephemeris a nauta quodam conscripta, primum anno [[1838]] edita e manuscripto [[Bibliotheca Publica Portuensis|bibliothecae publicae Portuensis]], sub titulo ''[[Roteiro da viagem de Vasco da Gama em 1497]]'' cognita.&lt;ref&gt;Editio princeps: {{qc|id=Köpke et Castello de Paiva (1838)}}. Editiones et versiones posteriores: {{qc|id=Herculano et Castello de Paiva (1861)}}, {{qc|id=Ravenstein (1898)}}, {{qc|id=Teyssier (1995)}}, {{qc|id=Giertz (2002)}}, {{qc|id=Ames (2009)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nomen auctoris nobis incognitum est, editoribus aut Alvaro Velho aut João de Sá sine certitudine proponentibus.&lt;ref&gt;De qua re vide {{qc|id=Ravenstein (1898)}} pp. xxv-xxxii&lt;/ref&gt; Varias res addit, fortasse ab eodem nauta certior factus, [[Hieronymus Sernigi]] [[Florentia|Florentinus]], cuius epistulas de hac re duas edidit {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Fracantianus de Monte Bodii||de|qid=Q1440321}} [[Vicetia]]e anno [[1507]] in florilegio suo [[Italiane|Italice]] congesso ''[[Itinerarium Portugallensium|Paesi novamente ritrovati]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Versio Anglica: {{qc|id=Ravenstein (1898)}} pp. 119-144.&lt;/ref&gt; Pauca e litteris regis Portugallensis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Manuel (rex Portugalliae)|Manuelis|pt|qid=Q191231}} derivantur;&lt;ref&gt;Versio Anglica: {{qc|id=Ravenstein (1898)}} pp. 111-118&lt;/ref&gt; permulta sed parum fidelia e narratione [[Casparus Correia|Caspari Correia]], titulo ''[[Lendas da Índia]],'' anno circiter [[1550]] composita.&lt;ref&gt;[[Casparus Correia]], ''[[Lendas da Índia]]'' [https://archive.org/details/lendasdaindiapub01corruoft lib. 1 cap. 5] et seq.; versio Anglica: {{qc|id=Stanley (1869)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Multa autem et utilia leguntur tam in historiis [[Ioannes de Barros|Ioannis de Barros]], titulo ''[[Décadas da Ásia]]'', anno [[1552]] editis&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes de Barros]], ''[[Décadas da Ásia]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/decadaprimeirate00barr#page/n137/mode/2up dec. 1 lib. 4] et seq.&lt;/ref&gt; et in ''[[História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos Portugueses]]'' a [[Ferdinandus Lopes de Castanheda|Ferdinando de Castanheda]] ab anno [[1551]] composita&lt;ref&gt;[[Ferdinandus Lopes de Castanheda]], ''[[História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos Portugueses]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/historiadodescob01castuoft#page/n39/mode/2up lib. 1 cap. 2] et seq.&lt;/ref&gt; quam in ''[[Crónica do felicíssimo rei D. Manuel]]'' a [[Damianus Goës|Damiano Gois]] annis 1566-[[1567]] divulgata:&lt;ref&gt;[[Damianus Goës]], ''[[Crónica do felicíssimo rei D. Manuel]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/chronicadelreidm01gi#page/62/mode/2up lib. 1 cap. 23] et seq.&lt;/ref&gt; hi auctores documentis usi sunt in archivo regio repertis hodieque deperditis.

Navigatio ''da ocidental praia Lusitana Por mares nunca dantes navegados'' &quot;ab occidentali litore Lusitano per maria non antea transvecta&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Ludovicus Camonius]], ''[[Lusiadae]]'' 1.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt; ad emporia [[India]]e, quam navigationem Vascus Gama primus perfecit, quotannis a Portugallensibus repetita est. Ibi imperium maritimum et mercatorium constituere coeperunt, aemulis mox Batavis, Anglis, Francicis. Imperium ita inceptum usque ad annum 1999 continuavit, quo anno [[Macaum]], anno fere 1557 colonizatum, in [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|rem publicam popularem Sinarum]] comprehensum est; sed mercatura globalis transoceanica, gratiá Vasco Gama et [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]] saeculo XV exeunte aperta, usque hodie fere sine interruptione augetur.

Comitatu Vidiguerensi almiratuque marium Indicorum successor fuit filius natu maximus [[Franciscus Gama (Vasci filius)|Franciscus]], qui autem in Portugallia manens navigationes nullas facit. Comitissa Vidiguerensis quae nunc vivit, sexta decima huius tituli, anno 1926 nata est. Viceregno Indico, cui Vascus Gama ultimo vitae anno elevatus est, inter successores fuit filius natu alter [[Stephanus Gama (Vasci filius)|Stephanus]], qui hoc gubernium annis ab 1540 ad 1542 tenuit sed iam antea gubernator meruerat {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Arx Sancti Georgii de Mina|Sancti Georgii de Mina|en|qid=Q968662}} ab anno 1529 et [[Malacca]]e annis ab 1538 ad 1540.

Iter Vasci Gama est res principalis carminis epici [[Ludovicus Camonius|Ludovici Camonii]], titulo ''[[Lusiadae]]'', anno [[1572]] [[Olisipo]]ne editi. Vasci, protagonistae huius carminis, gesta curiose [[narratio|narrantur]], aut verbis sui ipsius depinguntur. Res partim ad fidem historicam describuntur, partim modo heroico magnificantur, interdum inspiratione poëtica finguntur: ita dum poëta reditum trans [[Oceanus Indicus|mare Indicum]] ad [[Africa]]m refert, episodium [[Insula Amoris|insulae Amoris]] inserit, ubi Lusitani, [[India]]e inventores et victores, requiescunt cenantque et iussu [[Venus (dea)|Veneris]] [[Nereidae|Nereidas]] amplexantur: Vascus ipse cum [[Tethys|Tethyi]] amore coniungitur.

Compositor [[Xaverius Mercadante]] [[opera]]m ''[[Il Vascello de Gama]]'' de navigatione Vasci Gama anno 1845 composuit. [[Iacobus Meyerbeer]] anno [[1865]] ''[[Die Afrikanerin]],'' [[opera|ludum scaenicum musicum]] (libello ab {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Augustinus Eugenius Scribe|Eugenio Scribe|fr|qid=Q319261}} scripto), docuit, persona principali Vasco Gama sed historia ficta&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Subrahmanyam (1997)}} pp. 1-9&lt;/ref&gt; (quo ludo anno [[1989]] [[Franciscopolis|Franciscopoli]] ostentato [[Placidus Domingo]] partes Vasci Gama egit). In pellicula [[India|Indica]] anni [[2011]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Urumi (pellicula)|Urumi|ml|qid=Q3472360}}'', [[Lingua Malabarica|Malabarice]] a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Santoṣ Sīvān||en|qid=Q2615641}} docta, Indus protagonista Vascum Gama interficere conatur.

Nomen eius gerunt urbs civitatis [[Goa]]e ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Vasco da Gama (Goa)|Vasco da Gama|en|qid=Q978780}}'' ad litus Oceani Indici stans, anno [[1546]] condita, atque crater lunaris {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Vasco da Gama (crater lunaris)|Vasco da Gama|en|qid=Q1898195}} qui ita ad honorem exploratoris anno [[1935]] iussu [[Unio Astronomica Internationalis|Unionis Astronomicae Internationalis]] appellatus est.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6327 Vasco da Gama]&quot; apud ''Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature''&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

; Textus originales
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references group=&quot;t&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
[[Fasciculus:Lisboa-Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga-Retrato dito de Vasco da Gama-20140917.jpg|thumb|Effigies Vasci Gama ([[Museum Nationale Artis Antiquae (Olisipo)|Museum Nationale Artis Antiquae]] [[Olisipo]]ne).]]
; Editiones fontium
* {{ec|id=Ames (2009)|c= Glenn Joseph Ames, interpr. ''Em Nome De Deus: The Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama to India, 1497-1499''. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2009. {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Google Books|bM5s_pCnMCoC|Paginae selectae}}}}
* {{ec|id=Berjeau (1874)|c=Jean Philibert Berjeau, ed. et interpr., ''Calcoen: a Dutch narrative of the second voyage of Vasco da Gama to Calicut, printed at Antwerp circa 1504''. Londinii: B. M. Pickering, 1874 {{Ling|Batavice|Anglice}} [https://archive.org/details/calcoendutchnarr00berj Textus apud archive.org] }}
* {{ec|id=Berjeau (1881)|c=Jean Philibert Berjeau, ed. et interpr., ''Le Second voyage de Vasco da Gama à Calicut: relation flamande éditée vers MDIV''. Lutetiae: Charavay Frères, 1881 {{Ling|Batavice|Francogallice}} [https://archive.org/details/lesecondvoyagede00berj Textus apud archive.org] }}
* {{ec|id=Giertz (2002)|c=Gernot Giertz, interpr., ''Vasco da Gama. Die Entdeckung des Seewegs nach Indien. Ein Augenzeugenbericht 1497–1499''. Stutgardiae: Thienemann, 2002. ISBN 3-522-61070-9 {{Ling|Theodisce}}}}
* {{ec|id=Harrisse (1889)|c=[Henry Harrisse, ed.; Alberto Cantino], ''Document inédit concernant Vasco da Gama, relation adressée à Hercule d'Este, duc de Ferrare par son ambassadeur à la cour de Portugal''. Lutetiae, 1889 {{Ling|Italiane}} [https://archive.org/details/documentinditcon00cant Textus apud archive.org]}}
* {{ec|id=Herculano et Castello de Paiva (1861)|c=Alexandre Herculano, Antonio da Costa Paiva Castello de Paiva, edd., ''Roteiro da viagem de Vasco da Gama em MCCCCXCVII''. Olisipone: Imprensa Nacional, 1861 {{Ling|Lusitanice}} [https://archive.org/details/roteirodaviagem02velhgoog Textus apud archive.org]}}
* {{ec|id=Kerr (1824)|c=&quot;[https://archive.org/stream/generalhistoryco02kerrrich#page/292/mode/2up History of the Discovery and Conquest of India by the Portuguese, between the years 1497 and 1525, from the original Portuguese of Herman Lopez de Castaneda]&quot; [sic] in Robert Kerr, ed., ''A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels'' vol. 2 (Edimburgi, 1811; 2a ed., 1824) pp. 292-504 {{Ling|Anglice}}}}
* {{ec|id=Köpke et Castello de Paiva (1838)|c=Diogo Köpke, Antonio da Costa Paiva Castello de Paiva, edd., ''Roteiro da viagem que em descobrimento da India pelo Cabo da Boa Esperança fez dom Vasco da Gama em 1497: Segundo um manuscripto coetaneo existente na Bibliotheca publica portuense''. Portu Cali: Typographia Commercial Portuense, 1838 {{Ling|Lusitanice}} {{Google Books|3hQZAAAAYAAJ}}}}
* {{ec|id=Ravenstein (1898)|c=E. G. Ravenstein, interpr., ''A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497–1499''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1898 {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://archive.org/details/ajournalfirstvo01ravegoog Textus apud archive.org]}}
* {{ec|id=Stanley (1869)|c=Henry E. J. Stanley, interpr., ''The Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama and his viceroyalty, from the Lendas da India of Gaspar Corrêa''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1869 {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://archive.org/details/voyageroundworld01tayl Textus apud archive.org]}}
* {{ec|id=Teyssier (1995)|c=Paul Teyssier, Paul Valentin, interprr., ''Voyages de Vasco de Gama. Relations des expéditions de 1497-1499 &amp; de 1502-1503''. Lutetiae: Editions Chandeigne, 1995 {{Ling|Francogallice}}}}

; Eruditio vetustior
* Franz Hümmerich, ''Quellenuntersuchungen zur ersten Indienfahrt des Vasco da Gama. Inaugural-Dissertation''. Monaci, 1897 {{Ling|Theodisce}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3B4NAQAAIAAJ Textus apud archive.org]
* Franz Hümmerich, ''Vasco da Gama und die Entdeckung des Seewegs nach Ostindien''. Monaci: C. H. Beck, 1898 {{Ling|Theodisce}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NUVBAAAAYAAJ Textus apud archive.org]
* Kingsley Garland Jayne, ''Vasco Da Gama and His Successors, 1460-1580''. Londinii: Methuen, 1910 {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://archive.org/details/vascodagamahissu00jaynuoft Textus apud archive.org]
* Sophus Ruge, ''Die Entdeckung des Seeweges nach Ostindien durch Vasco da Gama 1497/8''. Dresdae: von Zahn &amp; Jaensch, 1898 {{Ling|Theodisce}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5ZQBAAAAYAAJ Textus apud archive.org]
* Augusto Carlos Teixeira de Aragão, ''D. Vasco da Gama e a villa da Vidigueira''. Olisipone: Typographia Universal, 1871 {{Ling|Lusitanice}} {{Google Books|L_ENAAAAYAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_L_ENAAAAYAAJ Textus apud archive.org]

; Eruditio recentior
* {{ec|id=Ames (2004)|c=Glenn J. Ames, ''Vasco da Gama: Renaissance Crusader''. Londinii: Longman, 2004. ISBN 0-321-09282-1 {{Ling|Anglice}}}}
* {{ec|id=Beites (1998)|c=Maria de Deus Beites Manso, &quot;O Gama e os Gamas na história do Alentejo&quot; in ''Da ocidental praia lusitana: Vasco da Gama e o seu tempo'' (Olisipone, 1998. ISBN 972-8325-62-2) pp. 66–81 {{Ling|Lusitanice}}}}
* {{ec|id=Bouchon (1997)|c=Geneviève Bouchon, ''Vasco de Gama''. Lutetiae: Fayard, 1997 {{Ling|Francogallice}}}}
* Nigel Cliff, ''Holy War. How Vasco da Gama's Epic Voyages Turned the Tide in a Centuries-Old Clash of Civilizations''. Novi Eboraci: Harper, 2011. ISBN 978-0-06-173512-7 {{Ling|Anglice}}
* {{ec|id=Diffie et Winius (1977)|c=Bailey Wallys Diffie, George D. Winius, ''Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580''. University of Minnesota Press, 1977 {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Google Books|hBTqPX4G9Y4C|Paginae selectae}}}}
* {{ec|id=Dreyer-Eimbcke (1998)|c=Oswald Dreyer-Eimbcke, &quot;[http://retro.seals.ch/openurl?rft.issn=1015-8480&amp;rft.issue=18&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;lPage=41 Vasco da Gamas Seefahrt nach Indien vor 500 Jahren: Historische Bedeutung und kartographische Aspekte]&quot; in ''Cartographica Helvetica'' no.18 (1998) pp. 41–49 {{Ling|Theodisce}}}}
* {{ec|id=Fonseca (1998)|c=Luís Adão da Fonseca, ''Vasco da Gama. O homem, a viagem, a época''. Olisipone: Expo 98, 1998. ISBN 972-8396-99-6 {{Ling|Lusitanice}}}}
* {{ec|id=Subrahmanyam (1997)|c=[[Sanjay Subrahmanyam]], ''The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-521-47072-8 {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Google Books|8wqMWl6sSwwC|Paginae selectae}}}}

; Aliae encyclopaediae
* {{CathEnc|06374a|Vasco da Gama}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Vasco da Gama|Vascum Gama}}
{{Grc|Βαλάσκος ντὰ Γκάμα}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930231806/http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/CVC/navegaport/g54.html Biographia Vasci Gama] apud Institutum Camoenianum {{Ling|Lusitanice}}
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1497degama.asp Navigatio Vasci Gama] apud universitatem Fordham {{Ling|Anglice}}

{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Homines}}
{{FA stella}}

{{Lifetime|1469|1524|Gama, Vascus}}
[[Categoria:Exploratores Portugallenses]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Portugalliae]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Africae]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Asiae]]
[[Categoria:Ioannes II (rex Portugalliae)]]</text>
      <sha1>qgoegbaba7cqvwerkrd16l694uill67</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Capsa disputationis de pagina mensis</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>10393</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979342</id>
      <parentid>3930609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:36:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Signum correxi</comment>
      <origin>3979342</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="195tddn3eyuwoyc7c01bixl4mi2uvsg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa disputationis
	| imago = Wikipedia-logo-v2-la.svg
	| 1=

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' {{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}

		|

&lt;!-- A PAST MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}&lt;{{CURRENTYEAR}} or ( {{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} &lt; {{CURRENTMONTH}})|fuit ''pagina mensis'' {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}.|&lt;!--

THE CURRENT MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} = {{CURRENTMONTH}}|est ''pagina mensis'' {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}.|&lt;!--

NEXT MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:({{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} = {{#expr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}+1}}) or ({{CURRENTMONTH}} = 12 and {{{1}}}={{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}+1}} and {{{2}}} = 1)|erit ''pagina mensis'' proxima mense {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}. Cura ut perfecta et emendata sit!|&lt;!--

A FUTURE MONTH: --&gt;electa est ''pagina mensis'' futura, fortasse mensis {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}. Inspice paginam, et vide num eam ameliorare possis!}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae mensis|#{{{1}}}{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}&lt;10|0}}{{{2}}}]]}}

		|

&lt;!-- UNSPECIFIED: --&gt;est ''pagina mensis'' aut iam fuit aut mox erit.{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae mensis|!]]}}

	}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>195tddn3eyuwoyc7c01bixl4mi2uvsg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979375</id>
      <parentid>3979342</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:07:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Signum categoriae mutavi</comment>
      <origin>3979375</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="8g0p8xepow2td26r7yfmcwp4qn3e4xq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa disputationis
	| imago = Wikipedia-logo-v2-la.svg
	| 1=

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' {{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}

		|

&lt;!-- A PAST MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}&lt;{{CURRENTYEAR}} or ( {{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} &lt; {{CURRENTMONTH}})|fuit ''pagina mensis'' {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}.|&lt;!--

THE CURRENT MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} = {{CURRENTMONTH}}|est ''pagina mensis'' {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}.|&lt;!--

NEXT MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:({{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} = {{#expr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}+1}}) or ({{CURRENTMONTH}} = 12 and {{{1}}}={{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}+1}} and {{{2}}} = 1)|erit ''pagina mensis'' proxima mense {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}. Cura ut perfecta et emendata sit!|&lt;!--

A FUTURE MONTH: --&gt;electa est ''pagina mensis'' futura, fortasse mensis {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}. Inspice paginam, et vide num eam ameliorare possis!}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae mensis|:{{{1}}}{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}&lt;10|0}}{{{2}}}]]}}

		|

&lt;!-- UNSPECIFIED: --&gt;est ''pagina mensis'' aut iam fuit aut mox erit.{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae mensis|!]]}}

	}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8g0p8xepow2td26r7yfmcwp4qn3e4xq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979377</id>
      <parentid>3979375</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:10:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ad priorem recensionem reversus sum</comment>
      <origin>3979377</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="195tddn3eyuwoyc7c01bixl4mi2uvsg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa disputationis
	| imago = Wikipedia-logo-v2-la.svg
	| 1=

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' {{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}

		|

&lt;!-- A PAST MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}&lt;{{CURRENTYEAR}} or ( {{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} &lt; {{CURRENTMONTH}})|fuit ''pagina mensis'' {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}.|&lt;!--

THE CURRENT MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} = {{CURRENTMONTH}}|est ''pagina mensis'' {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}.|&lt;!--

NEXT MONTH: --&gt;{{#ifexpr:({{{1}}}={{CURRENTYEAR}} and {{{2}}} = {{#expr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}+1}}) or ({{CURRENTMONTH}} = 12 and {{{1}}}={{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}+1}} and {{{2}}} = 1)|erit ''pagina mensis'' proxima mense {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}. Cura ut perfecta et emendata sit!|&lt;!--

A FUTURE MONTH: --&gt;electa est ''pagina mensis'' futura, fortasse mensis {{#time:[[F&quot;|&quot;xg]] [[Y]]|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}}}. Inspice paginam, et vide num eam ameliorare possis!}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae mensis|#{{{1}}}{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}&lt;10|0}}{{{2}}}]]}}

		|

&lt;!-- UNSPECIFIED: --&gt;est ''pagina mensis'' aut iam fuit aut mox erit.{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae mensis|!]]}}

	}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Homosexualitas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979625</id>
      <parentid>3934912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T04:55:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>3979625</origin>
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      <text bytes="20710" sha1="3e248ylu4fox4oka1amr2kkpeainkrc" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}
[[Fasciculus:Gay Couple Savv and Pueppi 02.jpg|thumb|Pueppi &amp; Savv, [[puer]]i aperte gay, sese amplectuntur.]]
'''Homosexualitas'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Homosexualitas&quot;, vb. adiect. &quot;homosexualis&quot;: [[epistula]] pastoralis [http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19861001_homosexual-persons_lt.html &quot;Homosexualitatis problema,&quot;] passim&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''homophylophilia'''&lt;ref&gt;De vocabulo, vide adiectivum ''homophylophilus'' in: Stephania Berard, ''Capti'', Vasingtoniae, anno 2011 {{Google Books|Xa_CpgHUlbsC|pag. 301}}.&lt;/ref&gt; est sui [[sexus|sexus]] [[genus (societas)|generis]] vel [[amor]] vel [[mos|mores]] romantici sexualesque, rem veneriam masculinam in [[mas]]culos, aut [[femina (sexus)|muliebrem]] in mulieres appetentes. Hoc [[ingenium sexuale]] est &quot;exemplar permanens vel inclinatio ad experiendam sexualem, adfectionalem, vel romanticam vim attrahendi,&quot; praecipue vel solum ex hominibus eiusdem sexus; notio &quot;etiam ad hominis iudicium identitatis privatae socialisque in illis attractionibus conditum refert, in moribus quoque qui illos exprimant, et in societate [[motus sociales LGBT|communitatis aliorum]] qui illos communicent.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;apahelp&quot;&gt;{{citation |url=http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx |title=Sexual Orientation, Homosexuality,and Bisexuality |periodical=[[American Psychological Association|APA]]HelpCenter.org |accessdate=2010-03-30}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=amici&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/courts/supreme/highprofile/documents/Amer_Psychological_Assn_Amicus_Curiae_Brief.pdf |title=Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365(. . .) - APA California Amicus Brief - As Filed |format=PDF}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Per aevos alii aliter rem definiverunt, sed Occidentali nostrae aetatis cultu civili non tantum ad ipsa acta erotica spectat, sed etiam igitur ad amantium sibi caritatem.

{{Pars vicificanda}}

Bisexualitasque heterosexualitas, homosexualitas sub categoriae orientationis sexualis intra heterosexualemque [https://web.archive.org/web/20130808032050/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx homosexualemque continuum] est. Sciscitatores adhuc nesciunt quid causa orientationis sexualis correcta, sed theoriam creant multiplice genetica, hormonale, environnementale, intra geneticam causari, nonque [https://books.google.com/books?id=ivALBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA502 ut] [https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA82 decisionem] [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long consideratur]. Etsi non sunt multae theoriae argumenta bona quid causa orientationis sexualis diversae est, tamen [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long biologica sciscitatores explanatione] uti malunt. Non est [http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe.aspx argumentum substantivum] quod eventum adolescens mane ratio suggerit est [https://web.archive.org/web/20190510051718/http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_fixe.htm et alii homines credant moremve activitatem homosexualem, annormalem, barbaram, abominabilem esse]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130808032050/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx Investigatio scientifica] hominibus [https://web.archive.org/web/20120523040848/http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=6803&amp;Itemid=1926 demonstrat variationem normalemque specialemque in homine sexualitate] esse nonque consecutionem noxiam anima vel effecto psychologico noxio habet. Sunt argumenta inutiles ut attractionem alicuius mutaret enim orientatio sexualis non mutanda est. 
[[Fasciculus:Jean Broc - The Death of Hyacinthos.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Hyacinthus (persona mythologica)|Hyacinthus]] complexus ab amante suo [[Apollo|Apolline]], in pictura ''[[Mors Hyacinthi]]'' quam [[Jean Broc]] pinxit.]]

[[Adiectivum]] ''gay'' [[Verbum (generale)|vocabulum]] nobilissimum [[vir|viris]] [[homosexualitas et cultus|homosexualibus]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Biological+Exuberance:+Animal+Homosexuality+and+Natural+Diversity.-a053877996 The Free Library.]&lt;/ref&gt; utendum est, sed [[vocabulum]] ''gay'' quoque [[homosexualitas et cultus|homosexualibus]] [[mulier|mulieribus]] vocare utitur seu aliquis relatione sexuale vel [[romanticismus|romantica]] est. Investigatores difficile concludunt utrum aliquis se ut gay identificat an non quia multi [[Homo sapiens|homines]] perceptionem diversam habent et non eadem [[sententia (gnome)|sententiam]] sicut alios habent,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Biological+Exuberance:+Animal+Homosexuality+and+Natural+Diversity.-a053877996 The Free Library.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090616122106.htm Science Daily.]&lt;/ref&gt; praeterea unusquisque se aperte non identificare potest nam eos [[Discriminatio|discriminationi]] grava sicut [[homophobia|homophobiamque]] [[heterosexismus|heterosexismum]] ductabit. Insuper, [[mores|mos]] [[homosexualitas et cultus|homosexualis]] quoque documentus est velut multa genera quae [[humanus]] non sunt, multi [[mores]] [[homosexualitas et cultus|homosexuales]] in [[regni|regnis]] [[animalia|animali]] inventi sunt. Post finem [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]], motus [[globalizatio|globalis]] ad [[populus libertatis|libertatem]] et [[aequalitas ante legem|aequalitatem]] erga [[Homo sapiens|homines]] [[homosexualitas et cultus|homosexuales]] exstitit, inter quas introductio [[lex|legum]] contra [[discriminatio|discriminationem]] ut [[puer|pueros]] [[homosexualitas et cultus|homosexualibus]] in [[schola]] protegeret, leges contra [[discriminatio|discriminationem]], ad parandam [[facultates productionis|facultatem]] in re [[Academia Militaris Civitatum Foederatarum|militari]] militandi accessu sanitatis, ad paranda facultate adoptandi et parentis, atque aequalitas [[matrimonium|matrimonii]] [[institutio|institutio.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Biological+Exuberance:+Animal+Homosexuality+and+Natural+Diversity.-a053877996 The Free Library.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== De vocabulo ==
''Homosexualis'' est [[vocabulum]] quod [[Carolus-Maria Kertbeny]] anno [[1869]] pepigit, in libello qui [[lex|leges]] contra acta venerea in suum sexum abrogandos esse consulebat, qui libellus non tantum verbum illud nobis dedit, sed etiam docuit homosexualitatem esse rem innatam, quae non tantum ad actus sed etiam ad indolem pertinet, quae notio illo tempore nova erat, hodie autem praevalet. Verbum autem ''homosexualis'' a nonnullis Latinistis evitandum esse habetur, cum quod radicem [[Graece|Graecam]] cum [[Latine|Latinam]] mixobarbare commiscit, tum quod secundum usum solitum [[lingua classica|linguarum classicarum]] significare debeat 'eiusdem sexus', sine ullo sensu venereo. Vocabulum ''homophylophilia'' praeferunt. Vocabulum ''homosexualitas'' autem nihilominus est frequentissimum, praesertim in conloquiis Latinis, eo quod paene intergentium linguis vernaculis sit.&lt;ref&gt;Exempli gratia, in [[Catechismus|catechismo]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholico]] adhibetur: &quot;Homosexualitas relationes designat inter viros vel mulieres qui sexualem experiuntur allectationem exclusive vel praevalenter erga eiusdem sexus personas.&quot;—''Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae'', 6.2, §2358.[http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_lt/p3s2c2a6_lt.htm].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alia vocabula ==
* '''Lesbiana'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lesbiana&quot; proprie est adiectivum mulierem homosexualem designans, sed adiectivo quod ad conceptum abstractum refert &quot;lesbicus&quot; praeferatur.&lt;/ref&gt; ob [[Sappho]] saepe mulierum gynaecophilam significat. Frequens est lingua colloquiali, etiam Latina, cum antiquitus haec significatio numquam usa est (alioquin, procul dubio, [[Catullus]] amasiam suam [[Lesbia]]m numquam dixisset!). Linguis vernaculis hoc verbum littera l minuscula scribitur, ne cum ipsis Lesbiis veris confusio sit. Olim, ex eodem pacto ac &quot;lesbiana&quot;, viri androphili &quot;'''spartiatae'''&quot; dicebantur, sed hic usus obsoletus est.
* '''Sodomita''' ex narratione [[Biblia Sacra|biblica]] [[urbs|urbis]] [[Sodom]] saepe &quot;pediconem&quot;&lt;ref&gt;''Priapea'', 68, 8: pediconum mentula merdalea est.&lt;/ref&gt; et inde &quot;androphilum&quot;, ergo contumelioso more, significat. Ex hoc igitur, '''sodomia''' pro &quot;[[coitus|coitu]] nefario inter duo [[vir]]os&quot; adhibetur.
* '''Pygista''', vox Kertbeniana pro pedicone.
* '''Androphilus''' (''-a -um'') et '''Gynaecophilus''' (''-a -um'') significant praedilictionem aut in mares aut in feminas, unde vir homosexualis &quot;androphilus,&quot; mulier &quot;gynaecophila&quot; dici possunt. Haec autem verba in se non significant ''homosexualitatem'': alterius sexus amatores sunt gynaecophili et androphilae.
* '''Masculorum concubitor''', in Bibliis Vulgatis,&lt;ref name=&quot;cortim&quot;&gt;1 Cor 6:10 et 1 Tim 1:10.&lt;/ref&gt; locutionem [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraicam]] vertens, homosexualem marem significat. Versione Graeca '''androcoetes.'''
* '''Paederastes''' sensu stricto est qui rem veneriam cum pueris habet, sed ob mores Graecos, nonnumquam pro &quot;viro androphilo&quot; ponitur. A plurimis autem, nisi cultui civili Graeco consulto alluditur, iniuriosum habetur. Sic lingua Francogallica &quot;''pédé''&quot; homosexualem in malam partem significare solet&lt;ref&gt; vide hic in thesauro linguae francogallicae [http://www.cnrtl.fr/lexicographie/p%C3%A9d%C3%A9]&lt;/ref&gt;, quamquam fit ut homosexuales Francogallici ipsi hoc verbo sine iniuria utantur, velut aliqui homines nigra cute verbum ''nigger'' sine contumelia dicere solent.
* '''Pathicus, [[cinaedus]]''' sunt verba classicissima, sed tantum masculum &quot;passivum&quot; (h.e., penetratum) significant. Cinaedus praesertim iniuriosum esse potest. Qui pedicet '''pedico''' dici potest, sed nonnumquam haec verba a Latinistis (cum fortasse perperam) pro &quot;homosexuali mare&quot; adhibentur.
* '''Tribas''' (''-dis'') e contrario est mulier &quot;activa&quot; (h.e., penetrans), sed nonnumquam a Latinistis (cum fortasse perperam) pro &quot;homosexuali femina&quot; adhibetur.
* '''Molles,''' in Bibliis Vulgatis,&lt;ref name=&quot;cortim&quot;/&gt; est nomen masculorum qui passivi sint, sed designat etiam, per conversionem similis termo ex [[lingua Anglica]], mares qui contra versum 22:5 Deuteronomii&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Non induetur mulier veste virili, nec vir utetur veste feminea : abominabilis enim apud Deum est qui facit haec&quot; (Deuteronomii 22:5).&lt;/ref&gt; in [[vestis|vestibus]] feminearum induantur.

== Alii conceptus ==
Ab homosexualitate distinguenda sunt:
*'''[[Bisexualitas]]''' (vel ''diphylophilia''&lt;ref&gt;[[Neograece]] &quot;διφυλοφιλία&quot; [https://www.kedros.gr/files/e-books/H_DIALEKTIKH_TOY_SEX.pdf hic] et [https://web.archive.org/web/20190617123253/http://politis.eu.org/images/pdf/1983_057-058.pdf hic]. Verbum Graecum a Vicipaediano in sermonem Latinum conversum est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis Latinae testificatio vix inveniri potest.&lt;/ref&gt;): propensio sexualis illorum qui rem veneream et in viros et in mulieres appetent (Nonnulli etiam distinguunt ''[[pansexualitas|pansexualitatem]]'' (vel ''pamphylophilia''&lt;ref&gt;[[Neograece]] &quot;παμφυλοφιλία&quot; [https://ideografhmata.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=263893&amp;sid=783e6e0c709898a3e092841269f41ed2 hic]. Verbum Graecum a Vicipaediano in sermonem Latinum conversum est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis Latinae testificatio vix inveniri potest.&lt;/ref&gt;), propensionem hominum qui eam rem in alios homines sine consideratione sexus appetent.)&lt;ref&gt;Cum adiectiva ''bisexualis'' ac ''pansexualis'' et hominibus et conceptibus conveniant, &quot;diphylophilus&quot; et &quot;pamphylophilus&quot; proprie adiectiva homines designantes sunt et adiectiva conceptus abstractos designantes &quot;diphylophilicus&quot; et &quot;pamphylophilicus&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''[[Heterosexualitas]]''': propensio sexualis mulieris quae rem veneream in viros et viri qui eam rem in mulieres appetet.{{dubsig}}

== Sociologia ==
[[Fasciculus:Gay flag.svg|thumb|[[Vexillum arcus caeli|Vexillum hominum homosexualium]], sex [[arcus caeli]] colores ferens]]
Docti qui de homosexualitate disserent tria genera seu categorias esse dicunt:
* '''Aequalis''': duo amantes, aetate non referente. Praetera, amantes ambo solent mores sexus sui sequi atque coitus habere, alius aliam positionem tenens. Eius generis amorem invenias apud plerosque homosexuales viros qui in cultu civili Occidentali nostrae aetatis vivunt.
* '''Sexualis''':&lt;ref&gt;Nota bene sexualem non idem esse ac venereum: spectat ad sexus marem et feminum.&lt;/ref&gt; alter amans mares alter feminas partes agens. Ita fere apud Romanos, qui pathicos et tribades contemnere solebant, sed plerimque non eorum amantes quia apud eos ad actos pertinebat nec ad essentiam amantium. Similiter usque ad aetatem nostram fere circa Mare Mediterraneum et in Oriente Media, et India.
* '''Aevalis''': amantes non eiusdem aetatis sunt, saepissime alter adultus, alter adulescentulus. Ita apud Graecos antiquos, apud quos paederastia paene eadem ac educatio erat. Similiter apud Sinas et Iapones (praesertim equites ''samurai'').

In homosexualitate et sexuali et aevali, alter est &quot;activus,&quot; alter &quot;passivus.&quot; Inter mares, passivus saepe semen activi accipere debet, vel irrumatus vel pedicatus. Sunt qui credant voluptatem activi voluptati passivi praevalere saepe haberi, sed hoc non semper est. 

Nonnulli [[sociologia|sociologi]] credunt quartum [[genus (societas)|genus]] exstare, secundum ordinem civilem nempe, sed multi credunt hoc ab tribus iam expositis distingui non posse.

Quocumque cultu civili homosexualitatis genus unum invalere solet, sed alia genera saepissime etiam simul exstant. Exempli gratia, complures [[Roma antiqua|Romani]] apud se mores [[Graecia|Graecos]] imitabantur, et ab alia parte, [[Alexander Magnus|Alexander ipse Magnus]] qui [[Hellenismus|Hellenismum]] per orbem disseminavit, amantem coaevum diligebat.

== Historia ==
[[Antiquitas|Antiquitate]] homosexualitas et bisexualitas fuerunt communie{{dubsig}} [[mos]] et usitatus apud [[Galli|Gallos]], [[Graecia|Graecos]], [[Roma antiqua|Romanos]], [[Indi Americani|Amerindicos]] (praesertim in [[Mexicum|Mexico]], [[Brasilia]] et [[Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] hodiernis), [[Melanesia|Melanesienses]], [[Polynesia|Polynesienses]], [[Iaponia|Iaponenses]], ac ceteros [[Asia]]e populos. [[Biologia|Biologicas]] causas habet in hominibus aliisque [[animal]]ibus, sic probabile est quandoquidem ea antiquitus in hominum [[cultura]] inveniatur.

In [[Europa]] per [[medium aevum]], [[ecclesia Christiana]] ei inimica potestatem adquirente, homosexualitas late clausa{{dubsig}} est et [[peccatum]] esse dicta.

[[Saeculum 20|Saeculo vicesimo]] ut primum nonnullis homosexualitas velut [[identitas]] in homine haerens ita visa est ut &quot;communitates homosexualium&quot; deinde creaverint, et communitates aliae eorum qui homines eiusdem sexus cupiverint.&lt;!--???--&gt;

Die [[17 Maii]] anno [[1990]], [[Ordo mundi sanitarius]] homosexualitatem ab indice [[morbus mentis|morborum mentis]] ([[ICD-10]]) amovit.

== Cultus hodiernus ==
{{vide etiam|Homosexualitas et cultus}}
Inter cultus hodiernos, permultae opiniones sunt de homosexualitate. Cultus Abrahamici, inter quos praecipuus [[Religio Christiana|christianus]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicus]] saepe eam peccatum vocant.

== Leges de homosexualitate ==

=== Persecutiones et poenae ===
Tempore [[Medium aevum|medii aevi]], extrema poena erat [[poena capitis]], nempe sodomitici actus, absoluta est in [[Europa]] circa annum [[1800]], primo in [[Austria]] et [[Francia]]. In [[Bavaria]] anno [[1813]], omnes tales poenae absolutae sunt. Multis gubernationibus hoc tempore placuit poena incarcerationis.

Maxima persecutio fiebat in [[Germania]] annis [[1933]]–[[1945]] tempore regiminis factionis [[NSDAP]]. In Germania, haec leges reformabantur circa annum [[1970]], et poenae finiebantur anno [[1994]], sicut in aliis terris Europaeanis.

In Europa hodierno tempore, poenae fiunt in casibus actuum sexualium cum pueris, alioquin non.

=== Matrimonium aequum ===
{{Vide etiam|Matrimonium hominum eiusdem sexus}}
[[Fasciculus:World_laws_pertaining_to_homosexual_relationships_and_expression.svg|320px|thumb|Carta civitatum per [[lex|leges]] de homosexualitate]]
Index nationum ubi vir viro, mulier mulieri nubere potest: [[Africa Australis]], [[Argentina]], [[Belgica]], [[Brasilia]], [[Britanniarum Regnum]] ([[Anglia]], [[Cambria]] et [[Scotia]]), [[Canada]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]], [[Columbia]], [[Dania]], [[Finnia]], [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Hibernia]],  [[Hispania]], [[Islandia]], [[Portugallia]], [[Luxemburgum]], [[Norvegia]], [[Nederlandia]], [[Nova Zelandia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Suecia]], [[Uraquaria]].

=== 'Uniones civiles' ===
{{Vide etiam|Unio civilis}}
Multae civitates quae matrimonium aequum non(dum) admittunt leges approbaverunt quae duobus hominibus eiusdem sexus permitterent vinculum legale contrahere quod eosdem effectus ac connubium vel nonnullos illorum effectus haberet.

=== Matrimonia Romana ===
{{Vide etiam|Nuptiae Romanae inter duos viros celebratae}}
Eiusmodi [[matrimonium|matrimonia]] Romae inlicita - sed matrominium per se fuit iuris privati, non publici - imperatorum quidam pessimus vel pessimi viris nupsit vel nupserunt. [[Tacitus|Cornelius Tacitus]] sic nuptias [[Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus|Neronis]] descripsit:

:Ipse per licita atque inlicita foedatus, nihil flagitii reliquerat quo corruptior ageret, nisi paucos post dies uni ex illo contaminatorum grege (nomen Pythagorae fuit) in modum sollemnium coniugiorum denupsisset. Inditum imperatori [[flammeum]], visi auspices, dos et genialis torus et faces nuptiales, cuncta denique spectata quae etiam in femina nox operit.&quot;
::(Annales, XV, 37)

Festive et eleganter [[Martialis]]:
:Barbatus rigido nupsit Callistratus Afro
:hac qua lege viro nubere virgo solet.
:Praeluxere faces, velarunt flammea vultus,
:nec tua defuerunt verba, Talasse, tibi.
:Dos etiam dicta est. Nondum tibi, Roma, videtur
:hoc satis? Exspectas numquid ut et pariat?
::Martialis, XII, 42)

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Aldrich, Robert, et Garry Wotherspoon. [[2002]]. ''Who’s Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History: From World War II to the Present Day.'' Secunda editio. Londinii: Routledge.
* Bergonzi, Bernardus. [[1977]]. ''Gerard Manley Hopkins.'' [[Novum Eboracum]]: Collier.
* Boswell, John. [[1980]]. ''Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century.'' [[Sicagum|Sicagi]]: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-06710-6. Editio chartā ligata: mense Novembri [[2005]], ISBN 0-226-06711-4.
* [[Eduardus Carpenter|Edward Carpenter]], The Intermediate Sex: A Study of Some Transitional Types of Men and Women [6], 1908
* Cawthorne, Nigel. [[2004]]. ''Sex Lives of the Popes.'' Secunda editio. Londinii: Prion.
* Dall’Orto, Giovanni. [[1990]]. “Della Casa, Giovanni.&quot; In ''Encyclopedia of Homosexuality,'' a Wayne R. Dynes edita, volumine 1, pagina 306. [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]: Garland Publishing.
* Davidson, James. [[2007]]. ''Also Seen: The Greeks and Greek Love: A Radical Reappraisal of Homosexuality in Ancient Greece.'' Londini: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81997-6.
* Dynes, Wayne R. [[1990]]. &quot;Papacy.&quot; In ''Encyclopedia of Homosexuality,'' a Wayne R. Dynes edita, volumine 2, paginis 943–944. [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]: Garland Publishing.
* Kelly, J. N. D., ed. [[1988]]. ''The Oxford Dictionary of Popes.'' [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]: Oxford University Press.
* Knobel, Paul. Encyclopedia of Male Homosexual Poetry and its Recaption History (2005) Surveys gay Latin poetry to 1927.
* Wallace, William E. [[2000]]. ''Michelangelo: The Complete Painting, Sculpture, Architecture.''

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* ''[[International Journal of Greek Love]]''
* [[LGBT]]
* [[Litterae homophylophilicae]]
* [[Propensio sexualis]]
* [[Philia (vox)]]
* [[Santorum]]
* [[Sexualitas]]
* [[Transvestitismus]]
* [[Transgenerismus]]
* [[Vestiario exire]]
* [[Yogyakartae Principia]]
{{div col end}}

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_lt/p3s2c2a6_lt.htm# Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae super actus homosexualis]
* [http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Ben16/Instructions.htm Instructiones de ordinatione sacerdotum a Papa Benedicto XVI (Anglice)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060329145857/http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/alanus1.html Litterae prosimetri ''De planctu Naturae'']

{{Formula:LGBT}}
[[Categoria:LGBT]]
[[Categoria:Attractio sexualis]]
[[Categoria:Homosexualitas|!]]
[[Categoria:Mutatio socialis]]
[[Categoria:Quaestiones philosophiae moralis]]
[[Categoria:Quaestiones sociales]]
[[Categoria:Res culturae popularis]]
[[Categoria:Sexualitas humana]]
{{Myrias|Anthropologia}}</text>
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      <comment>/* De ordine paginarum in categoriis */ Nexūs ad quaerendum addidi</comment>
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      <text bytes="20757" sha1="5cqf6z8vq7o2gb7x4lzb1coqmjew7au" xml:space="preserve">{{Regulae propositae}}
{{Capsa opum et commendationum Vicipaediae}}
{{Compendia paginae|VP:CAT}}

== Categoriarum usus ==
Vicipaedia categorias habet ut greges paginarum, quae de rebus cognatis vel similibus disserunt, lectoribus et editoribus praebeat. Lectores ad categorias accedunt a pede paginae encyclopaedicae incipientes, seu arborem categoriarum navigantes, seu nexum a categoriis in aliis Vicipaediis repertis imprimentes.

Categoriae insuper editoribus indicant paginas hucusque carentes; {{*eg}} e pagina [[:Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] caret (die 2 Novembris 2010) pagina {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iohannes Masefield||en|qid=Q471413}}. Ergo, nisi pagina de hac auctore imperfecte categorizatur, licet creare.

Ob has rationes, oportet categorias exstantes rite et pleniter in paginas inscribere: haec enim novos lectores paginis Vicipaedicis advectabit, editoribusque paginas hucusque carentes addere suadebit.

== Quomodo oportet paginam in categorias dirigere ==
Vide [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]]. Categoriae inscribuntur post omnem aliam rem, lineis singularibus, sic: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.
# Paginam de rebus similibus reperi; categorias idoneas exstantes ex huius pede in paginam tuam adde; seu
# Arborem categoriarum navigans, categorias idoneas reperi et adde; seu
# Categorias idoneas, ''exstantibus similes'', excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Categorias generaliores reperi et inscribe pro tempore
# Categorias omnino novas excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Formulam {{fn|Dubcat}} in pedem paginae inscribe

== Regulae categoriarum seligendarum ==
* Categoria aliqua et supercategoria proxima in eadem pagina minime inscribendae sunt: {{*eg}}, si addis [[:Categoria:Urbes Vietnamiae]], omitte [[:Categoria:Urbes Asiae]]
* In biographias …
*# … hominum vivorum, adde [[:Categoria:Homines vivi]]
*# … mulierum, adde [[:Categoria:Mulieres]]
*# … scriptorum, adde '''et''' categoriam linguae vel linguarum quas scripserint e serie [[:Categoria:Auctores per linguas digesti]], '''et''' categoriam civitatis vel civitatum ubi habitaverint e serie [[:Categoria:Scriptores per civitates digesti]]
*# … professorum seu docentium universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Professores studiorum generalium]]
*# … alumnorum universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Alumni studiorum generalium]]. &lt;small&gt;NB: hominibus quibus gradus honoris causa datus sit, qui nimis breviter universitatem frequentaverint, aut qui sine gradu discederint categoriam attribuere haud necesse erit&lt;/small&gt;
*# … episcoporum vel archiepiscoporum, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Episcopi per civitates digesti]] 
*# … Romanorum antiquorum, adde categoriam gentiliciam e serie [[:Categoria:Gentes Romanae]]
*# … omnium hominum, adde categorias nativitatis et obitus, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Nati saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 1978]], saeculum adhibens si annus nescitur; categoriam originis geographici, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] aut specialius [[:Categoria:Physici Franciae]]; et categoriam vel categorias plures quae notabilitatem exprimunt
* In paginas de locis (urbibus, vicis, montibus, aedificiis, locis archaeologicis, etc.), adde subcategoriam vel subcategorias sub radice [[:Categoria:Loci terrestres]]
* In paginas de operibus humanis, adde categoriam annalem, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incepta 2007]] (vide [[:Categoria:Annales|radicem talium categoriarum]])
* In paginam de eventu, adde categoriam anni, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:1914]]

== Quomodo categorias exstantes reperiuntur ==
# Categorias e paginis de eadem fere re disserentibus perlegere potes: si necesse sit, in eas imprime et per subcategorias et supercategorias naviga
# Categorias specialiores reperis si categoriam generalem quam cognoscis quaeris—{{*eg}} “Categoria:Plantae”, “Categoria:Italia”—et per subcategorias navigas
# Arboris categoriarum radicem reperis si in verbum “Categoriae” ad partem sinistram fenestrae imprimis

== Quomodo categoriae creantur ==
Cum primum categoriae non iam exstantis nomen &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in paginam addis, illius categoriae nexus ruber videtur. Categoriam deinde oportet creare: 
# In nexum rubrum imprime
# In pagina editoriali inscribe categoriarum “parentalium” ({{*ie}} supercategoriarum iam exstantium) nexum: {{*eg}} in novam categoriam '''Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae''' inscribis &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Res geographicae Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Serva paginam novam tuam categoricam
# Reperi, si potes, categoriam similem in vicipaedia barbara, {{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[en:Category:Rivers of Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, inde i ad Vicidata, et nexum adde paginae categoricae tuae

== Quomodo categoriae excogitantur et nominantur ==
# Licet semper categorias exstantibus similes creare: {{*eg}} iuxta categorias [[:Categoria:Auctores Graeci]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 323 a.C.n.]] licet excogitare &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Auctores Hetthaei]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Mortui 1452 a.C.n.]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; si paginam relevantem creaveris
# Licet categorias omnino novas creare, sed:
## Oportet in novam categoriam ad minimum tria membra (paginas seu subcategorias) aut reperire aut e novo scribere 
## Si novum paradigma categoriarum incipere vis ({{*eg}} '''Categoria:Scholae comitatus Bedfordiensis''', talibus categoriis non iam exstantibus) debes ante creationem disputare et utilitatem explicare
## Si de Latinitate seu de utilitate categoriae creandae dubitas, '''oportet ante creationem disputare'''
# Nomina categoriarum sunt pluralia si verbum plurale ad rem congruit: {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]], [[:Categoria:Reptilia]], exceptis autem civitate ([[:Categoria:Germania]]), loco singulo ([[:Categoria:Londinium]]), homine singulo ([[:Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]), genere biologico ([[:Categoria:Triticum]]), re anatomica naturaliter singulari ([[:Categoria:Cor]])
# Disputare de categoriis propositis licet sive apud paginam disputationis paginae respectivae, sive apud disputationem auctoris paginae, sive apud [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]]m; nexum ad disputationem licet hic addere
# Categoriae iam creatae moveri (sicut paginae moventur) non possunt; oportet delere et e novo creare; vide [[Vicipaedia:Automata/Category move requests]]

== De variis categoriarum generibus ==
* In eas categorias, quae sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” adsumuntur, oportet commentiones biographicas ({{*ie}} de hominibus singulis), neque alias, inserere
* Categorias '''de singulis hominibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de pluribus rebus huic homini relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de homine ipso, de operibus, de familia et sociis, de rebus ab eo gestis). N.B. Si vis subcategoriam creare '''de rebus hominis singuli''' ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Opera Ioannis Sebastiani Bach]]; [[:Categoria:Antigoni Monophthalmi sectatores]]; [[:Categoria:The Lord of the Rings]]) oportet a principio categoriam simplicem de eo homine creare ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]], [[:Categoria:Antigonus Monophthalmus]], [[:Categoria:I. R. R. Tolkien]]). Categoriae de hominibus singulis inserendae sunt:
*# semper in supercategoriam [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae|Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae]] seu subcategoriam idoneam, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex artificibus appellatae]]
*# in unam categoriam vel plures generaliores quae notabilitatem principalem eius hominis exprimunt ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Pictura]]; [[:Categoria:Historia Russiae]])
*# sed non in subcategorias categoriae “[[:Categoria:Homines|Hominum]]” ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Incolae Russiae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de eo homine in eum categoriarum arborem inserenda est
* Categorias '''de familiis, gentibus''' necnon '''gregibus hominum''' oportet creare si commentationes plures de gente ipsa, de hominibus huius gentis, etc. habemus. Licet tales categorias inserere non sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” (paginae enim de singulis hominibus sub hac supercategoria inserendae sunt) sed:
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Familiae|Familiarum]]” ubi idoneum sit, sive
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Gentes|Gentium]]” ubi idoneum sit
* Categorias '''de singulis urbibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de rebus huic urbi relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de urbe ipsa, de dioecesi et episcopis, de universitate, de aedificiis). Tales categoriae inserendae sunt:
*# semper in categoriam de civitatis illius urbibus ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Urbes Cambriae]])
*# in categoriam de provincia seu regione si sit ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Monemutensis]])
*# sed non in categorias miscellaneas et contingentes ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Urbes Viae Sericariae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de ea urbe in categorias miscellaneas inserenda est
* Categorias '''de vitae curriculo''' generosius creamus in seriebus gubernatorum, episcoporum, alumnorum et professorum. Categorias iam oportet creare quando de uno homine, tali categoriae relevanti, paginam biographicam creaverimus; subcategoriae erunt sub universitatibus, academiis pictorum architectorumque et musicorum necnon histrionum, atque sub urbe sede episcopali et sub politicis uniuscuiusque civitatis. Categorias de alumnis ludorum vel scholarum iuvenum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet alumnos plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere
* Categorias '''de incolis omnium civitatum liberarum''' omniumque civitatum C.F.A. iam habemus. Categorias de incolis singularum insularum creare solemus: vide {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Siciliae]]. Categorias incolarum urbium regionumque aliarum parviorum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet incolas plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
Paginae in categoriis secundum abecedarium ordinantur. Argumentum alterum nexui categoriae additum efficit ut pagina alio nomine in categoria ordinetur, {{*ie}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|NOMEN QUOD ORDINEM DETERMINABIT]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.

In Vicipaedia Latina sunt etiam nonnulla signa specialia quae, quum in ordine alphabetico ante litteras appareant, adhibentur ad ordinem paginarum ita mutandum ut aliquae paginae loco conspicuiore collocentur. Sequens tabella signa usitatissima atque eorum rationem ostendit.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Signum
! Syntaxis vicitextualis
! Syntaxis formularis
! Significatio
! Exemplum
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt; ''(spatium)''
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}} \]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis [[Formula:Pagina principalis categoriae|paginam principalem categoriae]] indicat, nam semper in capite categoriae, ante omnes alias, ponit paginas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Roma]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Roma]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}-\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando ita adhibetur ut paginae quae divisiones cuiusdam categoriae repraesentant ante alias paginas numerentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Corsica|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Corsica Superior]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Corsica]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\+\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Hac syntaxi paginae numerantur quae alium indicem, saepe ampliorem, praebent.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Index communium praefecturae Septentrionis]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;#&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|#]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\#\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui saepissime in paginis eiusdem categoriae adhibentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Praenomina}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa nominis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Praenomina]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|!]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}!\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui paginas in ipsam categoriam sua sponte stipant.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Asteroides}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa asteroidis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Asteroides]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|*]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\*\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula tantum|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula quoque|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hoc signum in [[:Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum|categoriis formularum]] tantum invenitur; metaformulas metamodulosque indicat qui ad formulas ibidem numeratas creandas adhibiti sunt.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Metaformula tantum|Formulae stipularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Metastipula/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Formulae stipularum]].
|}

Hic est plenior (quamquam adhuc imperfectus) index signorum quibus paginae ante litteras ordinantur:

: '''&lt;code&gt;_ - – — , ; : ! ? . · ' &quot; ( ) [ ] { } @ * / \ &amp; # % • ` ^ + ÷ × &lt; = &gt; | ~ − $ £&lt;/code&gt;'''

== De categoriis tuendis ==
* In categorias quae in serie categoriarum similium non inseruntur et vel unum vel duo membra, nec plura, continent, formulam “{{fn|Inops}}” imponere licet; membrorum inopia manente et consensu categoriae retinentis carente, post septem dies delere licet
* Categorias contra consensum creatas vel nominatas licet delere, membraque sub categoriis idoneis reinscribere

{{NexInt}}
* [[:Categoria:Omnia]] (radix categoriarum)
* [[:Categoria:Formulae categoriarum]]
* [[Specialis:Categoriarum arbor]] (arbor categoriarum)
* [[Specialis:Categoriae]] (index categoriarum alphabeticus)
* [[Vicipaedia:PetScan|PetScan]] (categoriae quomodo sunt quaerendae et combinandae)
* {{Fn|Index synopticus categoriae}}
* {{Fn|In his categoriis secundum partem alphanumericam nominis}}

=== Disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis ===
{{Folium flexibile
	| exordium = collapsus
	| praeambulum = Hic infra varias disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis numerantur.
	| corpus =

==== De seriebus variis categoriarum ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* De advenis vel migrantibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Maybe worth mentioning]]
* De asteroidibus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Nomina asteroidum]]
* De categoriis operarum (musicarum) [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Year categories for music]]
* De comitatuum et urbium incolis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]]
* De familiis et generibus biologicis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia]]
* De hominibus et eorum muneribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#About Categoria:Homines and Categoria:Biographia]] et [[Disputatio:Iacobus Henricus Breasted#Categoriae]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:Tbook#Categoria:People by profession]]
* De hominibus origine ethnico digestis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De incolis civitatum antiquarum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai]]
* De interpretibus et translatoribus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Category for translators?]]
* De mortuis, interfectis, morte damnatis, morbo adflictis … [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_14#Categoria:Morte damnati &amp;c.]] 
* De participibus bellorum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...]]
* De philosophis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De poetis [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:PetScan‎]]
* De professoribus moleste agglomeratis [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Professores melius quam Professor]]
* De religioni haerentibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Religious believers]]
* De scriptoribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Categoria:Auctores versus Categoria:Scriptores]]

==== De categoriis singulis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Ethnographi/Ethnologi?|Categoria:Ethnographi]] et Categoria:Ethnologi
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#People who have as yet failed to die|Categoria:Homines vivi]] et [[Disputatio Categoriae:Homines vivi|hic]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Nomen Anglicum: scavenger|Categoria:Necrophagi]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|Categoria:Religio Buddhistica]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates civitatum]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates internationales]]

==== De categoriis creandis et utendis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Intention|Quomodo categoriae creantur]]
* [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Category names (proposal)|De titulis pluralibus]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De usu categoriarum]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Do you know what categories are for?|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De structura nominum categoriarum ante earum creationem disputanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De nexibus rubris categoriarum cavendis]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|De numero minimo “membrorum”]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...|De supercategoriis]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia|De Vicipaedia Anglica imitanda aut non imitanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai|De nexibus categoriarum intervici]]

}}

== Nexus externi ==
* [[:de:Wikipedia:Kategorien/Meinungsbild|Meinungsbild]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam
* [[:de:Benutzer:Duesentrieb/Semantic Wiki Web]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam

[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]
[[Categoria:Omnia|!]]
[[Categoria:Paginae plurilingues]]</text>
      <sha1>5cqf6z8vq7o2gb7x4lzb1coqmjew7au</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979349</id>
      <parentid>3979338</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:44:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De ordine paginarum in categoriis */ +‘ß’</comment>
      <origin>3979349</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20760" sha1="cg16yo9jvehlhw95htkrxktw6zteab2" xml:space="preserve">{{Regulae propositae}}
{{Capsa opum et commendationum Vicipaediae}}
{{Compendia paginae|VP:CAT}}

== Categoriarum usus ==
Vicipaedia categorias habet ut greges paginarum, quae de rebus cognatis vel similibus disserunt, lectoribus et editoribus praebeat. Lectores ad categorias accedunt a pede paginae encyclopaedicae incipientes, seu arborem categoriarum navigantes, seu nexum a categoriis in aliis Vicipaediis repertis imprimentes.

Categoriae insuper editoribus indicant paginas hucusque carentes; {{*eg}} e pagina [[:Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] caret (die 2 Novembris 2010) pagina {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iohannes Masefield||en|qid=Q471413}}. Ergo, nisi pagina de hac auctore imperfecte categorizatur, licet creare.

Ob has rationes, oportet categorias exstantes rite et pleniter in paginas inscribere: haec enim novos lectores paginis Vicipaedicis advectabit, editoribusque paginas hucusque carentes addere suadebit.

== Quomodo oportet paginam in categorias dirigere ==
Vide [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]]. Categoriae inscribuntur post omnem aliam rem, lineis singularibus, sic: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.
# Paginam de rebus similibus reperi; categorias idoneas exstantes ex huius pede in paginam tuam adde; seu
# Arborem categoriarum navigans, categorias idoneas reperi et adde; seu
# Categorias idoneas, ''exstantibus similes'', excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Categorias generaliores reperi et inscribe pro tempore
# Categorias omnino novas excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Formulam {{fn|Dubcat}} in pedem paginae inscribe

== Regulae categoriarum seligendarum ==
* Categoria aliqua et supercategoria proxima in eadem pagina minime inscribendae sunt: {{*eg}}, si addis [[:Categoria:Urbes Vietnamiae]], omitte [[:Categoria:Urbes Asiae]]
* In biographias …
*# … hominum vivorum, adde [[:Categoria:Homines vivi]]
*# … mulierum, adde [[:Categoria:Mulieres]]
*# … scriptorum, adde '''et''' categoriam linguae vel linguarum quas scripserint e serie [[:Categoria:Auctores per linguas digesti]], '''et''' categoriam civitatis vel civitatum ubi habitaverint e serie [[:Categoria:Scriptores per civitates digesti]]
*# … professorum seu docentium universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Professores studiorum generalium]]
*# … alumnorum universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Alumni studiorum generalium]]. &lt;small&gt;NB: hominibus quibus gradus honoris causa datus sit, qui nimis breviter universitatem frequentaverint, aut qui sine gradu discederint categoriam attribuere haud necesse erit&lt;/small&gt;
*# … episcoporum vel archiepiscoporum, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Episcopi per civitates digesti]] 
*# … Romanorum antiquorum, adde categoriam gentiliciam e serie [[:Categoria:Gentes Romanae]]
*# … omnium hominum, adde categorias nativitatis et obitus, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Nati saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 1978]], saeculum adhibens si annus nescitur; categoriam originis geographici, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] aut specialius [[:Categoria:Physici Franciae]]; et categoriam vel categorias plures quae notabilitatem exprimunt
* In paginas de locis (urbibus, vicis, montibus, aedificiis, locis archaeologicis, etc.), adde subcategoriam vel subcategorias sub radice [[:Categoria:Loci terrestres]]
* In paginas de operibus humanis, adde categoriam annalem, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incepta 2007]] (vide [[:Categoria:Annales|radicem talium categoriarum]])
* In paginam de eventu, adde categoriam anni, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:1914]]

== Quomodo categorias exstantes reperiuntur ==
# Categorias e paginis de eadem fere re disserentibus perlegere potes: si necesse sit, in eas imprime et per subcategorias et supercategorias naviga
# Categorias specialiores reperis si categoriam generalem quam cognoscis quaeris—{{*eg}} “Categoria:Plantae”, “Categoria:Italia”—et per subcategorias navigas
# Arboris categoriarum radicem reperis si in verbum “Categoriae” ad partem sinistram fenestrae imprimis

== Quomodo categoriae creantur ==
Cum primum categoriae non iam exstantis nomen &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in paginam addis, illius categoriae nexus ruber videtur. Categoriam deinde oportet creare: 
# In nexum rubrum imprime
# In pagina editoriali inscribe categoriarum “parentalium” ({{*ie}} supercategoriarum iam exstantium) nexum: {{*eg}} in novam categoriam '''Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae''' inscribis &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Res geographicae Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Serva paginam novam tuam categoricam
# Reperi, si potes, categoriam similem in vicipaedia barbara, {{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[en:Category:Rivers of Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, inde i ad Vicidata, et nexum adde paginae categoricae tuae

== Quomodo categoriae excogitantur et nominantur ==
# Licet semper categorias exstantibus similes creare: {{*eg}} iuxta categorias [[:Categoria:Auctores Graeci]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 323 a.C.n.]] licet excogitare &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Auctores Hetthaei]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Mortui 1452 a.C.n.]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; si paginam relevantem creaveris
# Licet categorias omnino novas creare, sed:
## Oportet in novam categoriam ad minimum tria membra (paginas seu subcategorias) aut reperire aut e novo scribere 
## Si novum paradigma categoriarum incipere vis ({{*eg}} '''Categoria:Scholae comitatus Bedfordiensis''', talibus categoriis non iam exstantibus) debes ante creationem disputare et utilitatem explicare
## Si de Latinitate seu de utilitate categoriae creandae dubitas, '''oportet ante creationem disputare'''
# Nomina categoriarum sunt pluralia si verbum plurale ad rem congruit: {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]], [[:Categoria:Reptilia]], exceptis autem civitate ([[:Categoria:Germania]]), loco singulo ([[:Categoria:Londinium]]), homine singulo ([[:Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]), genere biologico ([[:Categoria:Triticum]]), re anatomica naturaliter singulari ([[:Categoria:Cor]])
# Disputare de categoriis propositis licet sive apud paginam disputationis paginae respectivae, sive apud disputationem auctoris paginae, sive apud [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]]m; nexum ad disputationem licet hic addere
# Categoriae iam creatae moveri (sicut paginae moventur) non possunt; oportet delere et e novo creare; vide [[Vicipaedia:Automata/Category move requests]]

== De variis categoriarum generibus ==
* In eas categorias, quae sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” adsumuntur, oportet commentiones biographicas ({{*ie}} de hominibus singulis), neque alias, inserere
* Categorias '''de singulis hominibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de pluribus rebus huic homini relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de homine ipso, de operibus, de familia et sociis, de rebus ab eo gestis). N.B. Si vis subcategoriam creare '''de rebus hominis singuli''' ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Opera Ioannis Sebastiani Bach]]; [[:Categoria:Antigoni Monophthalmi sectatores]]; [[:Categoria:The Lord of the Rings]]) oportet a principio categoriam simplicem de eo homine creare ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]], [[:Categoria:Antigonus Monophthalmus]], [[:Categoria:I. R. R. Tolkien]]). Categoriae de hominibus singulis inserendae sunt:
*# semper in supercategoriam [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae|Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae]] seu subcategoriam idoneam, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex artificibus appellatae]]
*# in unam categoriam vel plures generaliores quae notabilitatem principalem eius hominis exprimunt ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Pictura]]; [[:Categoria:Historia Russiae]])
*# sed non in subcategorias categoriae “[[:Categoria:Homines|Hominum]]” ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Incolae Russiae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de eo homine in eum categoriarum arborem inserenda est
* Categorias '''de familiis, gentibus''' necnon '''gregibus hominum''' oportet creare si commentationes plures de gente ipsa, de hominibus huius gentis, etc. habemus. Licet tales categorias inserere non sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” (paginae enim de singulis hominibus sub hac supercategoria inserendae sunt) sed:
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Familiae|Familiarum]]” ubi idoneum sit, sive
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Gentes|Gentium]]” ubi idoneum sit
* Categorias '''de singulis urbibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de rebus huic urbi relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de urbe ipsa, de dioecesi et episcopis, de universitate, de aedificiis). Tales categoriae inserendae sunt:
*# semper in categoriam de civitatis illius urbibus ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Urbes Cambriae]])
*# in categoriam de provincia seu regione si sit ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Monemutensis]])
*# sed non in categorias miscellaneas et contingentes ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Urbes Viae Sericariae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de ea urbe in categorias miscellaneas inserenda est
* Categorias '''de vitae curriculo''' generosius creamus in seriebus gubernatorum, episcoporum, alumnorum et professorum. Categorias iam oportet creare quando de uno homine, tali categoriae relevanti, paginam biographicam creaverimus; subcategoriae erunt sub universitatibus, academiis pictorum architectorumque et musicorum necnon histrionum, atque sub urbe sede episcopali et sub politicis uniuscuiusque civitatis. Categorias de alumnis ludorum vel scholarum iuvenum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet alumnos plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere
* Categorias '''de incolis omnium civitatum liberarum''' omniumque civitatum C.F.A. iam habemus. Categorias de incolis singularum insularum creare solemus: vide {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Siciliae]]. Categorias incolarum urbium regionumque aliarum parviorum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet incolas plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
Paginae in categoriis secundum abecedarium ordinantur. Argumentum alterum nexui categoriae additum efficit ut pagina alio nomine in categoria ordinetur, {{*ie}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|NOMEN QUOD ORDINEM DETERMINABIT]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.

In Vicipaedia Latina sunt etiam nonnulla signa specialia quae, quum in ordine alphabetico ante litteras appareant, adhibentur ad ordinem paginarum ita mutandum ut aliquae paginae loco conspicuiore collocentur. Sequens tabella signa usitatissima atque eorum rationem ostendit.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Signum
! Syntaxis vicitextualis
! Syntaxis formularis
! Significatio
! Exemplum
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt; ''(spatium)''
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}} \]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis [[Formula:Pagina principalis categoriae|paginam principalem categoriae]] indicat, nam semper in capite categoriae, ante omnes alias, ponit paginas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Roma]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Roma]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}-\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando ita adhibetur ut paginae quae divisiones cuiusdam categoriae repraesentant ante alias paginas numerentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Corsica|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Corsica Superior]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Corsica]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\+\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Hac syntaxi paginae numerantur quae alium indicem, saepe ampliorem, praebent.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Index communium praefecturae Septentrionis]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;#&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|#]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\#\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui saepissime in paginis eiusdem categoriae adhibentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Praenomina}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa nominis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Praenomina]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|!]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}!\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui paginas in ipsam categoriam sua sponte stipant.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Asteroides}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa asteroidis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Asteroides]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|*]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\*\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula tantum|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula quoque|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hoc signum in [[:Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum|categoriis formularum]] tantum invenitur; metaformulas metamodulosque indicat qui ad formulas ibidem numeratas creandas adhibiti sunt.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Metaformula tantum|Formulae stipularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Metastipula/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Formulae stipularum]].
|}

Hic est plenior (quamquam adhuc imperfectus) index signorum quibus paginae ante litteras ordinantur:

: '''&lt;code&gt;_ - – — , ; : ! ? . · ' &quot; ( ) [ ] { } @ * / \ &amp; # % • ` ^ + ÷ × &lt; = &gt; | ~ − $ £ ß&lt;/code&gt;'''

== De categoriis tuendis ==
* In categorias quae in serie categoriarum similium non inseruntur et vel unum vel duo membra, nec plura, continent, formulam “{{fn|Inops}}” imponere licet; membrorum inopia manente et consensu categoriae retinentis carente, post septem dies delere licet
* Categorias contra consensum creatas vel nominatas licet delere, membraque sub categoriis idoneis reinscribere

{{NexInt}}
* [[:Categoria:Omnia]] (radix categoriarum)
* [[:Categoria:Formulae categoriarum]]
* [[Specialis:Categoriarum arbor]] (arbor categoriarum)
* [[Specialis:Categoriae]] (index categoriarum alphabeticus)
* [[Vicipaedia:PetScan|PetScan]] (categoriae quomodo sunt quaerendae et combinandae)
* {{Fn|Index synopticus categoriae}}
* {{Fn|In his categoriis secundum partem alphanumericam nominis}}

=== Disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis ===
{{Folium flexibile
	| exordium = collapsus
	| praeambulum = Hic infra varias disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis numerantur.
	| corpus =

==== De seriebus variis categoriarum ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* De advenis vel migrantibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Maybe worth mentioning]]
* De asteroidibus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Nomina asteroidum]]
* De categoriis operarum (musicarum) [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Year categories for music]]
* De comitatuum et urbium incolis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]]
* De familiis et generibus biologicis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia]]
* De hominibus et eorum muneribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#About Categoria:Homines and Categoria:Biographia]] et [[Disputatio:Iacobus Henricus Breasted#Categoriae]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:Tbook#Categoria:People by profession]]
* De hominibus origine ethnico digestis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De incolis civitatum antiquarum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai]]
* De interpretibus et translatoribus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Category for translators?]]
* De mortuis, interfectis, morte damnatis, morbo adflictis … [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_14#Categoria:Morte damnati &amp;c.]] 
* De participibus bellorum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...]]
* De philosophis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De poetis [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:PetScan‎]]
* De professoribus moleste agglomeratis [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Professores melius quam Professor]]
* De religioni haerentibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Religious believers]]
* De scriptoribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Categoria:Auctores versus Categoria:Scriptores]]

==== De categoriis singulis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Ethnographi/Ethnologi?|Categoria:Ethnographi]] et Categoria:Ethnologi
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#People who have as yet failed to die|Categoria:Homines vivi]] et [[Disputatio Categoriae:Homines vivi|hic]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Nomen Anglicum: scavenger|Categoria:Necrophagi]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|Categoria:Religio Buddhistica]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates civitatum]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates internationales]]

==== De categoriis creandis et utendis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Intention|Quomodo categoriae creantur]]
* [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Category names (proposal)|De titulis pluralibus]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De usu categoriarum]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Do you know what categories are for?|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De structura nominum categoriarum ante earum creationem disputanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De nexibus rubris categoriarum cavendis]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|De numero minimo “membrorum”]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...|De supercategoriis]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia|De Vicipaedia Anglica imitanda aut non imitanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai|De nexibus categoriarum intervici]]

}}

== Nexus externi ==
* [[:de:Wikipedia:Kategorien/Meinungsbild|Meinungsbild]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam
* [[:de:Benutzer:Duesentrieb/Semantic Wiki Web]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam

[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]
[[Categoria:Omnia|!]]
[[Categoria:Paginae plurilingues]]</text>
      <sha1>cg16yo9jvehlhw95htkrxktw6zteab2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979382</id>
      <parentid>3979349</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:30:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De ordine paginarum in categoriis */ Alia signa addidi</comment>
      <origin>3979382</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21805" sha1="bv8mqneejdf7plq9a1c0ph1mczchsk3" xml:space="preserve">{{Regulae propositae}}
{{Capsa opum et commendationum Vicipaediae}}
{{Compendia paginae|VP:CAT}}

== Categoriarum usus ==
Vicipaedia categorias habet ut greges paginarum, quae de rebus cognatis vel similibus disserunt, lectoribus et editoribus praebeat. Lectores ad categorias accedunt a pede paginae encyclopaedicae incipientes, seu arborem categoriarum navigantes, seu nexum a categoriis in aliis Vicipaediis repertis imprimentes.

Categoriae insuper editoribus indicant paginas hucusque carentes; {{*eg}} e pagina [[:Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] caret (die 2 Novembris 2010) pagina {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iohannes Masefield||en|qid=Q471413}}. Ergo, nisi pagina de hac auctore imperfecte categorizatur, licet creare.

Ob has rationes, oportet categorias exstantes rite et pleniter in paginas inscribere: haec enim novos lectores paginis Vicipaedicis advectabit, editoribusque paginas hucusque carentes addere suadebit.

== Quomodo oportet paginam in categorias dirigere ==
Vide [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]]. Categoriae inscribuntur post omnem aliam rem, lineis singularibus, sic: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.
# Paginam de rebus similibus reperi; categorias idoneas exstantes ex huius pede in paginam tuam adde; seu
# Arborem categoriarum navigans, categorias idoneas reperi et adde; seu
# Categorias idoneas, ''exstantibus similes'', excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Categorias generaliores reperi et inscribe pro tempore
# Categorias omnino novas excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Formulam {{fn|Dubcat}} in pedem paginae inscribe

== Regulae categoriarum seligendarum ==
* Categoria aliqua et supercategoria proxima in eadem pagina minime inscribendae sunt: {{*eg}}, si addis [[:Categoria:Urbes Vietnamiae]], omitte [[:Categoria:Urbes Asiae]]
* In biographias …
*# … hominum vivorum, adde [[:Categoria:Homines vivi]]
*# … mulierum, adde [[:Categoria:Mulieres]]
*# … scriptorum, adde '''et''' categoriam linguae vel linguarum quas scripserint e serie [[:Categoria:Auctores per linguas digesti]], '''et''' categoriam civitatis vel civitatum ubi habitaverint e serie [[:Categoria:Scriptores per civitates digesti]]
*# … professorum seu docentium universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Professores studiorum generalium]]
*# … alumnorum universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Alumni studiorum generalium]]. &lt;small&gt;NB: hominibus quibus gradus honoris causa datus sit, qui nimis breviter universitatem frequentaverint, aut qui sine gradu discederint categoriam attribuere haud necesse erit&lt;/small&gt;
*# … episcoporum vel archiepiscoporum, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Episcopi per civitates digesti]] 
*# … Romanorum antiquorum, adde categoriam gentiliciam e serie [[:Categoria:Gentes Romanae]]
*# … omnium hominum, adde categorias nativitatis et obitus, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Nati saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 1978]], saeculum adhibens si annus nescitur; categoriam originis geographici, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] aut specialius [[:Categoria:Physici Franciae]]; et categoriam vel categorias plures quae notabilitatem exprimunt
* In paginas de locis (urbibus, vicis, montibus, aedificiis, locis archaeologicis, etc.), adde subcategoriam vel subcategorias sub radice [[:Categoria:Loci terrestres]]
* In paginas de operibus humanis, adde categoriam annalem, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incepta 2007]] (vide [[:Categoria:Annales|radicem talium categoriarum]])
* In paginam de eventu, adde categoriam anni, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:1914]]

== Quomodo categorias exstantes reperiuntur ==
# Categorias e paginis de eadem fere re disserentibus perlegere potes: si necesse sit, in eas imprime et per subcategorias et supercategorias naviga
# Categorias specialiores reperis si categoriam generalem quam cognoscis quaeris—{{*eg}} “Categoria:Plantae”, “Categoria:Italia”—et per subcategorias navigas
# Arboris categoriarum radicem reperis si in verbum “Categoriae” ad partem sinistram fenestrae imprimis

== Quomodo categoriae creantur ==
Cum primum categoriae non iam exstantis nomen &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in paginam addis, illius categoriae nexus ruber videtur. Categoriam deinde oportet creare: 
# In nexum rubrum imprime
# In pagina editoriali inscribe categoriarum “parentalium” ({{*ie}} supercategoriarum iam exstantium) nexum: {{*eg}} in novam categoriam '''Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae''' inscribis &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Res geographicae Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Serva paginam novam tuam categoricam
# Reperi, si potes, categoriam similem in vicipaedia barbara, {{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[en:Category:Rivers of Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, inde i ad Vicidata, et nexum adde paginae categoricae tuae

== Quomodo categoriae excogitantur et nominantur ==
# Licet semper categorias exstantibus similes creare: {{*eg}} iuxta categorias [[:Categoria:Auctores Graeci]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 323 a.C.n.]] licet excogitare &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Auctores Hetthaei]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Mortui 1452 a.C.n.]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; si paginam relevantem creaveris
# Licet categorias omnino novas creare, sed:
## Oportet in novam categoriam ad minimum tria membra (paginas seu subcategorias) aut reperire aut e novo scribere 
## Si novum paradigma categoriarum incipere vis ({{*eg}} '''Categoria:Scholae comitatus Bedfordiensis''', talibus categoriis non iam exstantibus) debes ante creationem disputare et utilitatem explicare
## Si de Latinitate seu de utilitate categoriae creandae dubitas, '''oportet ante creationem disputare'''
# Nomina categoriarum sunt pluralia si verbum plurale ad rem congruit: {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]], [[:Categoria:Reptilia]], exceptis autem civitate ([[:Categoria:Germania]]), loco singulo ([[:Categoria:Londinium]]), homine singulo ([[:Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]), genere biologico ([[:Categoria:Triticum]]), re anatomica naturaliter singulari ([[:Categoria:Cor]])
# Disputare de categoriis propositis licet sive apud paginam disputationis paginae respectivae, sive apud disputationem auctoris paginae, sive apud [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]]m; nexum ad disputationem licet hic addere
# Categoriae iam creatae moveri (sicut paginae moventur) non possunt; oportet delere et e novo creare; vide [[Vicipaedia:Automata/Category move requests]]

== De variis categoriarum generibus ==
* In eas categorias, quae sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” adsumuntur, oportet commentiones biographicas ({{*ie}} de hominibus singulis), neque alias, inserere
* Categorias '''de singulis hominibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de pluribus rebus huic homini relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de homine ipso, de operibus, de familia et sociis, de rebus ab eo gestis). N.B. Si vis subcategoriam creare '''de rebus hominis singuli''' ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Opera Ioannis Sebastiani Bach]]; [[:Categoria:Antigoni Monophthalmi sectatores]]; [[:Categoria:The Lord of the Rings]]) oportet a principio categoriam simplicem de eo homine creare ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]], [[:Categoria:Antigonus Monophthalmus]], [[:Categoria:I. R. R. Tolkien]]). Categoriae de hominibus singulis inserendae sunt:
*# semper in supercategoriam [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae|Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae]] seu subcategoriam idoneam, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex artificibus appellatae]]
*# in unam categoriam vel plures generaliores quae notabilitatem principalem eius hominis exprimunt ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Pictura]]; [[:Categoria:Historia Russiae]])
*# sed non in subcategorias categoriae “[[:Categoria:Homines|Hominum]]” ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Incolae Russiae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de eo homine in eum categoriarum arborem inserenda est
* Categorias '''de familiis, gentibus''' necnon '''gregibus hominum''' oportet creare si commentationes plures de gente ipsa, de hominibus huius gentis, etc. habemus. Licet tales categorias inserere non sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” (paginae enim de singulis hominibus sub hac supercategoria inserendae sunt) sed:
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Familiae|Familiarum]]” ubi idoneum sit, sive
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Gentes|Gentium]]” ubi idoneum sit
* Categorias '''de singulis urbibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de rebus huic urbi relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de urbe ipsa, de dioecesi et episcopis, de universitate, de aedificiis). Tales categoriae inserendae sunt:
*# semper in categoriam de civitatis illius urbibus ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Urbes Cambriae]])
*# in categoriam de provincia seu regione si sit ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Monemutensis]])
*# sed non in categorias miscellaneas et contingentes ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Urbes Viae Sericariae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de ea urbe in categorias miscellaneas inserenda est
* Categorias '''de vitae curriculo''' generosius creamus in seriebus gubernatorum, episcoporum, alumnorum et professorum. Categorias iam oportet creare quando de uno homine, tali categoriae relevanti, paginam biographicam creaverimus; subcategoriae erunt sub universitatibus, academiis pictorum architectorumque et musicorum necnon histrionum, atque sub urbe sede episcopali et sub politicis uniuscuiusque civitatis. Categorias de alumnis ludorum vel scholarum iuvenum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet alumnos plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere
* Categorias '''de incolis omnium civitatum liberarum''' omniumque civitatum C.F.A. iam habemus. Categorias de incolis singularum insularum creare solemus: vide {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Siciliae]]. Categorias incolarum urbium regionumque aliarum parviorum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet incolas plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
Paginae in categoriis secundum abecedarium ordinantur. Argumentum alterum nexui categoriae additum efficit ut pagina alio nomine in categoria ordinetur, {{*ie}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|NOMEN QUOD ORDINEM DETERMINABIT]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.

In Vicipaedia Latina sunt etiam nonnulla signa specialia quae, quum in ordine alphabetico ante litteras appareant, adhibentur ad ordinem paginarum ita mutandum ut aliquae paginae loco conspicuiore collocentur. Sequens tabella signa usitatissima atque eorum rationem ostendit.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Signum
! Syntaxis vicitextualis
! Syntaxis formularis
! Significatio
! Exemplum
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt; ''(spatium)''
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}} \]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis [[Formula:Pagina principalis categoriae|paginam principalem categoriae]] indicat, nam semper in capite categoriae, ante omnes alias, ponit paginas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Roma]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Roma]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}-\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando ita adhibetur ut paginae quae divisiones cuiusdam categoriae repraesentant ante alias paginas numerentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Corsica|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Corsica Superior]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Corsica]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|!]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}!\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui paginas in ipsam categoriam sua sponte stipant.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Asteroides}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa asteroidis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Asteroides]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|@]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\@\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui saepissime in paginis eiusdem categoriae adhibentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Praenomina}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa nominis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Praenomina]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|*]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\*\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula tantum|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula quoque|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hoc signum in [[:Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum|categoriis formularum]] tantum invenitur; metaformulas metamodulosque indicat qui ad formulas ibidem numeratas creandas adhibiti sunt.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Metaformula tantum|Formulae stipularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Metastipula/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Formulae stipularum]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;#[NUMERUS]&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|#[NUMERUS]]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\#/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando adhibetur ad paginas secundum quandam numerationem ordinandas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Reges Aegypti|#04]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in “[[:Categoria:Pharaones domus quartae Aegypti]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Reges Aegypti]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\+\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Hac syntaxi paginae numerantur quae alium indicem, saepe ampliorem, praebent.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Index communium praefecturae Septentrionis]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;ß&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|ß]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}ß\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Item ut &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt; (vide supra)
|
|}

Hic est plenior (quamquam adhuc imperfectus) index signorum quibus paginae ante litteras ordinantur:

: '''&lt;code&gt;_ - – — , ; : ! ? . · ' &quot; ( ) [ ] { } @ * / \ &amp; # % • ` ^ + ÷ × &lt; = &gt; | ~ − $ £ ß&lt;/code&gt;'''

== De categoriis tuendis ==
* In categorias quae in serie categoriarum similium non inseruntur et vel unum vel duo membra, nec plura, continent, formulam “{{fn|Inops}}” imponere licet; membrorum inopia manente et consensu categoriae retinentis carente, post septem dies delere licet
* Categorias contra consensum creatas vel nominatas licet delere, membraque sub categoriis idoneis reinscribere

{{NexInt}}
* [[:Categoria:Omnia]] (radix categoriarum)
* [[:Categoria:Formulae categoriarum]]
* [[Specialis:Categoriarum arbor]] (arbor categoriarum)
* [[Specialis:Categoriae]] (index categoriarum alphabeticus)
* [[Vicipaedia:PetScan|PetScan]] (categoriae quomodo sunt quaerendae et combinandae)
* {{Fn|Index synopticus categoriae}}
* {{Fn|In his categoriis secundum partem alphanumericam nominis}}

=== Disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis ===
{{Folium flexibile
	| exordium = collapsus
	| praeambulum = Hic infra varias disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis numerantur.
	| corpus =

==== De seriebus variis categoriarum ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* De advenis vel migrantibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Maybe worth mentioning]]
* De asteroidibus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Nomina asteroidum]]
* De categoriis operarum (musicarum) [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Year categories for music]]
* De comitatuum et urbium incolis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]]
* De familiis et generibus biologicis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia]]
* De hominibus et eorum muneribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#About Categoria:Homines and Categoria:Biographia]] et [[Disputatio:Iacobus Henricus Breasted#Categoriae]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:Tbook#Categoria:People by profession]]
* De hominibus origine ethnico digestis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De incolis civitatum antiquarum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai]]
* De interpretibus et translatoribus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Category for translators?]]
* De mortuis, interfectis, morte damnatis, morbo adflictis … [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_14#Categoria:Morte damnati &amp;c.]] 
* De participibus bellorum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...]]
* De philosophis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De poetis [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:PetScan‎]]
* De professoribus moleste agglomeratis [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Professores melius quam Professor]]
* De religioni haerentibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Religious believers]]
* De scriptoribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Categoria:Auctores versus Categoria:Scriptores]]

==== De categoriis singulis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Ethnographi/Ethnologi?|Categoria:Ethnographi]] et Categoria:Ethnologi
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#People who have as yet failed to die|Categoria:Homines vivi]] et [[Disputatio Categoriae:Homines vivi|hic]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Nomen Anglicum: scavenger|Categoria:Necrophagi]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|Categoria:Religio Buddhistica]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates civitatum]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates internationales]]

==== De categoriis creandis et utendis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Intention|Quomodo categoriae creantur]]
* [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Category names (proposal)|De titulis pluralibus]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De usu categoriarum]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Do you know what categories are for?|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De structura nominum categoriarum ante earum creationem disputanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De nexibus rubris categoriarum cavendis]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|De numero minimo “membrorum”]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...|De supercategoriis]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia|De Vicipaedia Anglica imitanda aut non imitanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai|De nexibus categoriarum intervici]]

}}

== Nexus externi ==
* [[:de:Wikipedia:Kategorien/Meinungsbild|Meinungsbild]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam
* [[:de:Benutzer:Duesentrieb/Semantic Wiki Web]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam

[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]
[[Categoria:Omnia|!]]
[[Categoria:Paginae plurilingues]]</text>
      <sha1>bv8mqneejdf7plq9a1c0ph1mczchsk3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979383</id>
      <parentid>3979382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:32:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* De ordine paginarum in categoriis */</comment>
      <origin>3979383</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21802" sha1="lpcvnney8o8qdli4jzocesygt6vfzzm" xml:space="preserve">{{Regulae propositae}}
{{Capsa opum et commendationum Vicipaediae}}
{{Compendia paginae|VP:CAT}}

== Categoriarum usus ==
Vicipaedia categorias habet ut greges paginarum, quae de rebus cognatis vel similibus disserunt, lectoribus et editoribus praebeat. Lectores ad categorias accedunt a pede paginae encyclopaedicae incipientes, seu arborem categoriarum navigantes, seu nexum a categoriis in aliis Vicipaediis repertis imprimentes.

Categoriae insuper editoribus indicant paginas hucusque carentes; {{*eg}} e pagina [[:Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] caret (die 2 Novembris 2010) pagina {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iohannes Masefield||en|qid=Q471413}}. Ergo, nisi pagina de hac auctore imperfecte categorizatur, licet creare.

Ob has rationes, oportet categorias exstantes rite et pleniter in paginas inscribere: haec enim novos lectores paginis Vicipaedicis advectabit, editoribusque paginas hucusque carentes addere suadebit.

== Quomodo oportet paginam in categorias dirigere ==
Vide [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]]. Categoriae inscribuntur post omnem aliam rem, lineis singularibus, sic: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.
# Paginam de rebus similibus reperi; categorias idoneas exstantes ex huius pede in paginam tuam adde; seu
# Arborem categoriarum navigans, categorias idoneas reperi et adde; seu
# Categorias idoneas, ''exstantibus similes'', excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Categorias generaliores reperi et inscribe pro tempore
# Categorias omnino novas excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Formulam {{fn|Dubcat}} in pedem paginae inscribe

== Regulae categoriarum seligendarum ==
* Categoria aliqua et supercategoria proxima in eadem pagina minime inscribendae sunt: {{*eg}}, si addis [[:Categoria:Urbes Vietnamiae]], omitte [[:Categoria:Urbes Asiae]]
* In biographias …
*# … hominum vivorum, adde [[:Categoria:Homines vivi]]
*# … mulierum, adde [[:Categoria:Mulieres]]
*# … scriptorum, adde '''et''' categoriam linguae vel linguarum quas scripserint e serie [[:Categoria:Auctores per linguas digesti]], '''et''' categoriam civitatis vel civitatum ubi habitaverint e serie [[:Categoria:Scriptores per civitates digesti]]
*# … professorum seu docentium universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Professores studiorum generalium]]
*# … alumnorum universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Alumni studiorum generalium]]. &lt;small&gt;NB: hominibus quibus gradus honoris causa datus sit, qui nimis breviter universitatem frequentaverint, aut qui sine gradu discederint categoriam attribuere haud necesse erit&lt;/small&gt;
*# … episcoporum vel archiepiscoporum, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Episcopi per civitates digesti]] 
*# … Romanorum antiquorum, adde categoriam gentiliciam e serie [[:Categoria:Gentes Romanae]]
*# … omnium hominum, adde categorias nativitatis et obitus, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Nati saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 1978]], saeculum adhibens si annus nescitur; categoriam originis geographici, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] aut specialius [[:Categoria:Physici Franciae]]; et categoriam vel categorias plures quae notabilitatem exprimunt
* In paginas de locis (urbibus, vicis, montibus, aedificiis, locis archaeologicis, etc.), adde subcategoriam vel subcategorias sub radice [[:Categoria:Loci terrestres]]
* In paginas de operibus humanis, adde categoriam annalem, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incepta 2007]] (vide [[:Categoria:Annales|radicem talium categoriarum]])
* In paginam de eventu, adde categoriam anni, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:1914]]

== Quomodo categorias exstantes reperiuntur ==
# Categorias e paginis de eadem fere re disserentibus perlegere potes: si necesse sit, in eas imprime et per subcategorias et supercategorias naviga
# Categorias specialiores reperis si categoriam generalem quam cognoscis quaeris—{{*eg}} “Categoria:Plantae”, “Categoria:Italia”—et per subcategorias navigas
# Arboris categoriarum radicem reperis si in verbum “Categoriae” ad partem sinistram fenestrae imprimis

== Quomodo categoriae creantur ==
Cum primum categoriae non iam exstantis nomen &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in paginam addis, illius categoriae nexus ruber videtur. Categoriam deinde oportet creare: 
# In nexum rubrum imprime
# In pagina editoriali inscribe categoriarum “parentalium” ({{*ie}} supercategoriarum iam exstantium) nexum: {{*eg}} in novam categoriam '''Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae''' inscribis &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Res geographicae Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Serva paginam novam tuam categoricam
# Reperi, si potes, categoriam similem in vicipaedia barbara, {{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[en:Category:Rivers of Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, inde i ad Vicidata, et nexum adde paginae categoricae tuae

== Quomodo categoriae excogitantur et nominantur ==
# Licet semper categorias exstantibus similes creare: {{*eg}} iuxta categorias [[:Categoria:Auctores Graeci]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 323 a.C.n.]] licet excogitare &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Auctores Hetthaei]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Mortui 1452 a.C.n.]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; si paginam relevantem creaveris
# Licet categorias omnino novas creare, sed:
## Oportet in novam categoriam ad minimum tria membra (paginas seu subcategorias) aut reperire aut e novo scribere 
## Si novum paradigma categoriarum incipere vis ({{*eg}} '''Categoria:Scholae comitatus Bedfordiensis''', talibus categoriis non iam exstantibus) debes ante creationem disputare et utilitatem explicare
## Si de Latinitate seu de utilitate categoriae creandae dubitas, '''oportet ante creationem disputare'''
# Nomina categoriarum sunt pluralia si verbum plurale ad rem congruit: {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]], [[:Categoria:Reptilia]], exceptis autem civitate ([[:Categoria:Germania]]), loco singulo ([[:Categoria:Londinium]]), homine singulo ([[:Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]), genere biologico ([[:Categoria:Triticum]]), re anatomica naturaliter singulari ([[:Categoria:Cor]])
# Disputare de categoriis propositis licet sive apud paginam disputationis paginae respectivae, sive apud disputationem auctoris paginae, sive apud [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]]m; nexum ad disputationem licet hic addere
# Categoriae iam creatae moveri (sicut paginae moventur) non possunt; oportet delere et e novo creare; vide [[Vicipaedia:Automata/Category move requests]]

== De variis categoriarum generibus ==
* In eas categorias, quae sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” adsumuntur, oportet commentiones biographicas ({{*ie}} de hominibus singulis), neque alias, inserere
* Categorias '''de singulis hominibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de pluribus rebus huic homini relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de homine ipso, de operibus, de familia et sociis, de rebus ab eo gestis). N.B. Si vis subcategoriam creare '''de rebus hominis singuli''' ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Opera Ioannis Sebastiani Bach]]; [[:Categoria:Antigoni Monophthalmi sectatores]]; [[:Categoria:The Lord of the Rings]]) oportet a principio categoriam simplicem de eo homine creare ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]], [[:Categoria:Antigonus Monophthalmus]], [[:Categoria:I. R. R. Tolkien]]). Categoriae de hominibus singulis inserendae sunt:
*# semper in supercategoriam [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae|Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae]] seu subcategoriam idoneam, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex artificibus appellatae]]
*# in unam categoriam vel plures generaliores quae notabilitatem principalem eius hominis exprimunt ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Pictura]]; [[:Categoria:Historia Russiae]])
*# sed non in subcategorias categoriae “[[:Categoria:Homines|Hominum]]” ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Incolae Russiae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de eo homine in eum categoriarum arborem inserenda est
* Categorias '''de familiis, gentibus''' necnon '''gregibus hominum''' oportet creare si commentationes plures de gente ipsa, de hominibus huius gentis, etc. habemus. Licet tales categorias inserere non sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” (paginae enim de singulis hominibus sub hac supercategoria inserendae sunt) sed:
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Familiae|Familiarum]]” ubi idoneum sit, sive
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Gentes|Gentium]]” ubi idoneum sit
* Categorias '''de singulis urbibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de rebus huic urbi relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de urbe ipsa, de dioecesi et episcopis, de universitate, de aedificiis). Tales categoriae inserendae sunt:
*# semper in categoriam de civitatis illius urbibus ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Urbes Cambriae]])
*# in categoriam de provincia seu regione si sit ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Monemutensis]])
*# sed non in categorias miscellaneas et contingentes ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Urbes Viae Sericariae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de ea urbe in categorias miscellaneas inserenda est
* Categorias '''de vitae curriculo''' generosius creamus in seriebus gubernatorum, episcoporum, alumnorum et professorum. Categorias iam oportet creare quando de uno homine, tali categoriae relevanti, paginam biographicam creaverimus; subcategoriae erunt sub universitatibus, academiis pictorum architectorumque et musicorum necnon histrionum, atque sub urbe sede episcopali et sub politicis uniuscuiusque civitatis. Categorias de alumnis ludorum vel scholarum iuvenum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet alumnos plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere
* Categorias '''de incolis omnium civitatum liberarum''' omniumque civitatum C.F.A. iam habemus. Categorias de incolis singularum insularum creare solemus: vide {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Siciliae]]. Categorias incolarum urbium regionumque aliarum parviorum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet incolas plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
Paginae in categoriis secundum abecedarium ordinantur. Argumentum alterum nexui categoriae additum efficit ut pagina alio nomine in categoria ordinetur, {{*ie}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|NOMEN QUOD ORDINEM DETERMINABIT]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.

In Vicipaedia Latina sunt etiam nonnulla signa specialia quae, quum in ordine alphabetico ante litteras appareant, adhibentur ad ordinem paginarum ita mutandum ut aliquae paginae loco conspicuiore collocentur. Sequens tabella signa usitatissima atque eorum rationem ostendit.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Signum
! Syntaxis vicitextualis
! Syntaxis formularis
! Significatio
! Exemplum
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt; ''(spatium)''
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}} \]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis [[Formula:Pagina principalis categoriae|paginam principalem categoriae]] indicat, nam semper in capite categoriae, ante omnes alias, ponit paginas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Roma]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Roma]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}-\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando ita adhibetur ut paginae quae divisiones cuiusdam categoriae repraesentant ante alias paginas numerentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Corsica|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Corsica Superior]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Corsica]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|!]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}!\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui paginas in ipsam categoriam sua sponte stipant.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Asteroides}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa asteroidis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Asteroides]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|@]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\@\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui saepissime in paginis eiusdem categoriae adhibentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Praenomina}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa nominis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Praenomina]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|*]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\*\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula tantum|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula quoque|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hoc signum in [[:Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum|categoriis formularum]] tantum invenitur; metaformulas metamodulosque indicat qui ad formulas ibidem numeratas creandas adhibiti sunt.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Metaformula tantum|Formulae stipularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Metastipula/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Formulae stipularum]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;#[NUMERUS]&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|#123456]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\#/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando adhibetur ad paginas secundum quandam numerationem ordinandas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Reges Aegypti|#04]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in “[[:Categoria:Pharaones domus quartae Aegypti]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Reges Aegypti]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\+\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Hac syntaxi paginae numerantur quae alium indicem, saepe ampliorem, praebent.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Index communium praefecturae Septentrionis]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;ß&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|ß]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}ß\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Item ut &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt; (vide supra)
|
|}

Hic est plenior (quamquam adhuc imperfectus) index signorum quibus paginae ante litteras ordinantur:

: '''&lt;code&gt;_ - – — , ; : ! ? . · ' &quot; ( ) [ ] { } @ * / \ &amp; # % • ` ^ + ÷ × &lt; = &gt; | ~ − $ £ ß&lt;/code&gt;'''

== De categoriis tuendis ==
* In categorias quae in serie categoriarum similium non inseruntur et vel unum vel duo membra, nec plura, continent, formulam “{{fn|Inops}}” imponere licet; membrorum inopia manente et consensu categoriae retinentis carente, post septem dies delere licet
* Categorias contra consensum creatas vel nominatas licet delere, membraque sub categoriis idoneis reinscribere

{{NexInt}}
* [[:Categoria:Omnia]] (radix categoriarum)
* [[:Categoria:Formulae categoriarum]]
* [[Specialis:Categoriarum arbor]] (arbor categoriarum)
* [[Specialis:Categoriae]] (index categoriarum alphabeticus)
* [[Vicipaedia:PetScan|PetScan]] (categoriae quomodo sunt quaerendae et combinandae)
* {{Fn|Index synopticus categoriae}}
* {{Fn|In his categoriis secundum partem alphanumericam nominis}}

=== Disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis ===
{{Folium flexibile
	| exordium = collapsus
	| praeambulum = Hic infra varias disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis numerantur.
	| corpus =

==== De seriebus variis categoriarum ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* De advenis vel migrantibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Maybe worth mentioning]]
* De asteroidibus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Nomina asteroidum]]
* De categoriis operarum (musicarum) [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Year categories for music]]
* De comitatuum et urbium incolis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]]
* De familiis et generibus biologicis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia]]
* De hominibus et eorum muneribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#About Categoria:Homines and Categoria:Biographia]] et [[Disputatio:Iacobus Henricus Breasted#Categoriae]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:Tbook#Categoria:People by profession]]
* De hominibus origine ethnico digestis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De incolis civitatum antiquarum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai]]
* De interpretibus et translatoribus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Category for translators?]]
* De mortuis, interfectis, morte damnatis, morbo adflictis … [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_14#Categoria:Morte damnati &amp;c.]] 
* De participibus bellorum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...]]
* De philosophis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De poetis [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:PetScan‎]]
* De professoribus moleste agglomeratis [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Professores melius quam Professor]]
* De religioni haerentibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Religious believers]]
* De scriptoribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Categoria:Auctores versus Categoria:Scriptores]]

==== De categoriis singulis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Ethnographi/Ethnologi?|Categoria:Ethnographi]] et Categoria:Ethnologi
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#People who have as yet failed to die|Categoria:Homines vivi]] et [[Disputatio Categoriae:Homines vivi|hic]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Nomen Anglicum: scavenger|Categoria:Necrophagi]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|Categoria:Religio Buddhistica]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates civitatum]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates internationales]]

==== De categoriis creandis et utendis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Intention|Quomodo categoriae creantur]]
* [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Category names (proposal)|De titulis pluralibus]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De usu categoriarum]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Do you know what categories are for?|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De structura nominum categoriarum ante earum creationem disputanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De nexibus rubris categoriarum cavendis]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|De numero minimo “membrorum”]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...|De supercategoriis]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia|De Vicipaedia Anglica imitanda aut non imitanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai|De nexibus categoriarum intervici]]

}}

== Nexus externi ==
* [[:de:Wikipedia:Kategorien/Meinungsbild|Meinungsbild]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam
* [[:de:Benutzer:Duesentrieb/Semantic Wiki Web]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam

[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]
[[Categoria:Omnia|!]]
[[Categoria:Paginae plurilingues]]</text>
      <sha1>lpcvnney8o8qdli4jzocesygt6vfzzm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979562</id>
      <parentid>3979383</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:58:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De ordine paginarum in categoriis */ De signo “ß”</comment>
      <origin>3979562</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21883" sha1="avvmheaou45n27erj26antxpr12t19a" xml:space="preserve">{{Regulae propositae}}
{{Capsa opum et commendationum Vicipaediae}}
{{Compendia paginae|VP:CAT}}

== Categoriarum usus ==
Vicipaedia categorias habet ut greges paginarum, quae de rebus cognatis vel similibus disserunt, lectoribus et editoribus praebeat. Lectores ad categorias accedunt a pede paginae encyclopaedicae incipientes, seu arborem categoriarum navigantes, seu nexum a categoriis in aliis Vicipaediis repertis imprimentes.

Categoriae insuper editoribus indicant paginas hucusque carentes; {{*eg}} e pagina [[:Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] caret (die 2 Novembris 2010) pagina {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iohannes Masefield||en|qid=Q471413}}. Ergo, nisi pagina de hac auctore imperfecte categorizatur, licet creare.

Ob has rationes, oportet categorias exstantes rite et pleniter in paginas inscribere: haec enim novos lectores paginis Vicipaedicis advectabit, editoribusque paginas hucusque carentes addere suadebit.

== Quomodo oportet paginam in categorias dirigere ==
Vide [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]]. Categoriae inscribuntur post omnem aliam rem, lineis singularibus, sic: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.
# Paginam de rebus similibus reperi; categorias idoneas exstantes ex huius pede in paginam tuam adde; seu
# Arborem categoriarum navigans, categorias idoneas reperi et adde; seu
# Categorias idoneas, ''exstantibus similes'', excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Categorias generaliores reperi et inscribe pro tempore
# Categorias omnino novas excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Formulam {{fn|Dubcat}} in pedem paginae inscribe

== Regulae categoriarum seligendarum ==
* Categoria aliqua et supercategoria proxima in eadem pagina minime inscribendae sunt: {{*eg}}, si addis [[:Categoria:Urbes Vietnamiae]], omitte [[:Categoria:Urbes Asiae]]
* In biographias …
*# … hominum vivorum, adde [[:Categoria:Homines vivi]]
*# … mulierum, adde [[:Categoria:Mulieres]]
*# … scriptorum, adde '''et''' categoriam linguae vel linguarum quas scripserint e serie [[:Categoria:Auctores per linguas digesti]], '''et''' categoriam civitatis vel civitatum ubi habitaverint e serie [[:Categoria:Scriptores per civitates digesti]]
*# … professorum seu docentium universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Professores studiorum generalium]]
*# … alumnorum universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Alumni studiorum generalium]]. &lt;small&gt;NB: hominibus quibus gradus honoris causa datus sit, qui nimis breviter universitatem frequentaverint, aut qui sine gradu discederint categoriam attribuere haud necesse erit&lt;/small&gt;
*# … episcoporum vel archiepiscoporum, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Episcopi per civitates digesti]] 
*# … Romanorum antiquorum, adde categoriam gentiliciam e serie [[:Categoria:Gentes Romanae]]
*# … omnium hominum, adde categorias nativitatis et obitus, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Nati saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 1978]], saeculum adhibens si annus nescitur; categoriam originis geographici, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] aut specialius [[:Categoria:Physici Franciae]]; et categoriam vel categorias plures quae notabilitatem exprimunt
* In paginas de locis (urbibus, vicis, montibus, aedificiis, locis archaeologicis, etc.), adde subcategoriam vel subcategorias sub radice [[:Categoria:Loci terrestres]]
* In paginas de operibus humanis, adde categoriam annalem, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incepta 2007]] (vide [[:Categoria:Annales|radicem talium categoriarum]])
* In paginam de eventu, adde categoriam anni, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:1914]]

== Quomodo categorias exstantes reperiuntur ==
# Categorias e paginis de eadem fere re disserentibus perlegere potes: si necesse sit, in eas imprime et per subcategorias et supercategorias naviga
# Categorias specialiores reperis si categoriam generalem quam cognoscis quaeris—{{*eg}} “Categoria:Plantae”, “Categoria:Italia”—et per subcategorias navigas
# Arboris categoriarum radicem reperis si in verbum “Categoriae” ad partem sinistram fenestrae imprimis

== Quomodo categoriae creantur ==
Cum primum categoriae non iam exstantis nomen &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in paginam addis, illius categoriae nexus ruber videtur. Categoriam deinde oportet creare: 
# In nexum rubrum imprime
# In pagina editoriali inscribe categoriarum “parentalium” ({{*ie}} supercategoriarum iam exstantium) nexum: {{*eg}} in novam categoriam '''Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae''' inscribis &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Res geographicae Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Serva paginam novam tuam categoricam
# Reperi, si potes, categoriam similem in vicipaedia barbara, {{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[en:Category:Rivers of Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, inde i ad Vicidata, et nexum adde paginae categoricae tuae

== Quomodo categoriae excogitantur et nominantur ==
# Licet semper categorias exstantibus similes creare: {{*eg}} iuxta categorias [[:Categoria:Auctores Graeci]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 323 a.C.n.]] licet excogitare &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Auctores Hetthaei]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Mortui 1452 a.C.n.]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; si paginam relevantem creaveris
# Licet categorias omnino novas creare, sed:
## Oportet in novam categoriam ad minimum tria membra (paginas seu subcategorias) aut reperire aut e novo scribere 
## Si novum paradigma categoriarum incipere vis ({{*eg}} '''Categoria:Scholae comitatus Bedfordiensis''', talibus categoriis non iam exstantibus) debes ante creationem disputare et utilitatem explicare
## Si de Latinitate seu de utilitate categoriae creandae dubitas, '''oportet ante creationem disputare'''
# Nomina categoriarum sunt pluralia si verbum plurale ad rem congruit: {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]], [[:Categoria:Reptilia]], exceptis autem civitate ([[:Categoria:Germania]]), loco singulo ([[:Categoria:Londinium]]), homine singulo ([[:Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]), genere biologico ([[:Categoria:Triticum]]), re anatomica naturaliter singulari ([[:Categoria:Cor]])
# Disputare de categoriis propositis licet sive apud paginam disputationis paginae respectivae, sive apud disputationem auctoris paginae, sive apud [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]]m; nexum ad disputationem licet hic addere
# Categoriae iam creatae moveri (sicut paginae moventur) non possunt; oportet delere et e novo creare; vide [[Vicipaedia:Automata/Category move requests]]

== De variis categoriarum generibus ==
* In eas categorias, quae sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” adsumuntur, oportet commentiones biographicas ({{*ie}} de hominibus singulis), neque alias, inserere
* Categorias '''de singulis hominibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de pluribus rebus huic homini relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de homine ipso, de operibus, de familia et sociis, de rebus ab eo gestis). N.B. Si vis subcategoriam creare '''de rebus hominis singuli''' ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Opera Ioannis Sebastiani Bach]]; [[:Categoria:Antigoni Monophthalmi sectatores]]; [[:Categoria:The Lord of the Rings]]) oportet a principio categoriam simplicem de eo homine creare ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]], [[:Categoria:Antigonus Monophthalmus]], [[:Categoria:I. R. R. Tolkien]]). Categoriae de hominibus singulis inserendae sunt:
*# semper in supercategoriam [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae|Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae]] seu subcategoriam idoneam, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex artificibus appellatae]]
*# in unam categoriam vel plures generaliores quae notabilitatem principalem eius hominis exprimunt ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Pictura]]; [[:Categoria:Historia Russiae]])
*# sed non in subcategorias categoriae “[[:Categoria:Homines|Hominum]]” ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Incolae Russiae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de eo homine in eum categoriarum arborem inserenda est
* Categorias '''de familiis, gentibus''' necnon '''gregibus hominum''' oportet creare si commentationes plures de gente ipsa, de hominibus huius gentis, etc. habemus. Licet tales categorias inserere non sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” (paginae enim de singulis hominibus sub hac supercategoria inserendae sunt) sed:
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Familiae|Familiarum]]” ubi idoneum sit, sive
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Gentes|Gentium]]” ubi idoneum sit
* Categorias '''de singulis urbibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de rebus huic urbi relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de urbe ipsa, de dioecesi et episcopis, de universitate, de aedificiis). Tales categoriae inserendae sunt:
*# semper in categoriam de civitatis illius urbibus ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Urbes Cambriae]])
*# in categoriam de provincia seu regione si sit ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Monemutensis]])
*# sed non in categorias miscellaneas et contingentes ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Urbes Viae Sericariae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de ea urbe in categorias miscellaneas inserenda est
* Categorias '''de vitae curriculo''' generosius creamus in seriebus gubernatorum, episcoporum, alumnorum et professorum. Categorias iam oportet creare quando de uno homine, tali categoriae relevanti, paginam biographicam creaverimus; subcategoriae erunt sub universitatibus, academiis pictorum architectorumque et musicorum necnon histrionum, atque sub urbe sede episcopali et sub politicis uniuscuiusque civitatis. Categorias de alumnis ludorum vel scholarum iuvenum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet alumnos plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere
* Categorias '''de incolis omnium civitatum liberarum''' omniumque civitatum C.F.A. iam habemus. Categorias de incolis singularum insularum creare solemus: vide {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Siciliae]]. Categorias incolarum urbium regionumque aliarum parviorum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet incolas plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
Paginae in categoriis secundum abecedarium ordinantur. Argumentum alterum nexui categoriae additum efficit ut pagina alio nomine in categoria ordinetur, {{*ie}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|NOMEN QUOD ORDINEM DETERMINABIT]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.

In Vicipaedia Latina sunt etiam nonnulla signa specialia quae, quum in ordine alphabetico ante litteras appareant, adhibentur ad ordinem paginarum ita mutandum ut aliquae paginae loco conspicuiore collocentur. Sequens tabella signa usitatissima atque eorum rationem ostendit.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Signum
! Syntaxis vicitextualis
! Syntaxis formularis
! Significatio
! Exemplum
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt; ''(spatium)''
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}} \]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis [[Formula:Pagina principalis categoriae|paginam principalem categoriae]] indicat, nam semper in capite categoriae, ante omnes alias, ponit paginas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Roma]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Roma]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}-\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando ita adhibetur ut paginae quae divisiones cuiusdam categoriae repraesentant ante alias paginas numerentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Corsica|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Corsica Superior]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Corsica]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|!]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}!\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui paginas in ipsam categoriam sua sponte stipant.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Asteroides}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa asteroidis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Asteroides]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|@]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\@\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui saepissime in paginis eiusdem categoriae adhibentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Praenomina}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa nominis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Praenomina]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|*]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\*\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula tantum|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula quoque|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hoc signum in [[:Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum|categoriis formularum]] tantum invenitur; metaformulas metamodulosque indicat qui ad formulas ibidem numeratas creandas adhibiti sunt.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Metaformula tantum|Formulae stipularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Metastipula/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Formulae stipularum]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;#[NUMERUS]&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|#123456]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\#/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando adhibetur ad paginas secundum quandam numerationem ordinandas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Reges Aegypti|#04]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in “[[:Categoria:Pharaones domus quartae Aegypti]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Reges Aegypti]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\+\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Hac syntaxi paginae numerantur quae alium indicem, saepe ampliorem, praebent.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Index communium praefecturae Septentrionis]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;ß&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|ß]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}ß\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Item ut &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt; (vide supra), sed praesertim in [[Formula:Capsa navigationis|capsis navigationis]] adhibitum.
|
|}

Hic est plenior (quamquam adhuc imperfectus) index signorum quibus paginae ante litteras ordinantur:

: '''&lt;code&gt;_ - – — , ; : ! ? . · ' &quot; ( ) [ ] { } @ * / \ &amp; # % • ` ^ + ÷ × &lt; = &gt; | ~ − $ £ ß&lt;/code&gt;'''

== De categoriis tuendis ==
* In categorias quae in serie categoriarum similium non inseruntur et vel unum vel duo membra, nec plura, continent, formulam “{{fn|Inops}}” imponere licet; membrorum inopia manente et consensu categoriae retinentis carente, post septem dies delere licet
* Categorias contra consensum creatas vel nominatas licet delere, membraque sub categoriis idoneis reinscribere

{{NexInt}}
* [[:Categoria:Omnia]] (radix categoriarum)
* [[:Categoria:Formulae categoriarum]]
* [[Specialis:Categoriarum arbor]] (arbor categoriarum)
* [[Specialis:Categoriae]] (index categoriarum alphabeticus)
* [[Vicipaedia:PetScan|PetScan]] (categoriae quomodo sunt quaerendae et combinandae)
* {{Fn|Index synopticus categoriae}}
* {{Fn|In his categoriis secundum partem alphanumericam nominis}}

=== Disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis ===
{{Folium flexibile
	| exordium = collapsus
	| praeambulum = Hic infra varias disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis numerantur.
	| corpus =

==== De seriebus variis categoriarum ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* De advenis vel migrantibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Maybe worth mentioning]]
* De asteroidibus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Nomina asteroidum]]
* De categoriis operarum (musicarum) [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Year categories for music]]
* De comitatuum et urbium incolis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]]
* De familiis et generibus biologicis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia]]
* De hominibus et eorum muneribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#About Categoria:Homines and Categoria:Biographia]] et [[Disputatio:Iacobus Henricus Breasted#Categoriae]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:Tbook#Categoria:People by profession]]
* De hominibus origine ethnico digestis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De incolis civitatum antiquarum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai]]
* De interpretibus et translatoribus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Category for translators?]]
* De mortuis, interfectis, morte damnatis, morbo adflictis … [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_14#Categoria:Morte damnati &amp;c.]] 
* De participibus bellorum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...]]
* De philosophis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De poetis [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:PetScan‎]]
* De professoribus moleste agglomeratis [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Professores melius quam Professor]]
* De religioni haerentibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Religious believers]]
* De scriptoribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Categoria:Auctores versus Categoria:Scriptores]]

==== De categoriis singulis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Ethnographi/Ethnologi?|Categoria:Ethnographi]] et Categoria:Ethnologi
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#People who have as yet failed to die|Categoria:Homines vivi]] et [[Disputatio Categoriae:Homines vivi|hic]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Nomen Anglicum: scavenger|Categoria:Necrophagi]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|Categoria:Religio Buddhistica]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates civitatum]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates internationales]]

==== De categoriis creandis et utendis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Intention|Quomodo categoriae creantur]]
* [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Category names (proposal)|De titulis pluralibus]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De usu categoriarum]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Do you know what categories are for?|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De structura nominum categoriarum ante earum creationem disputanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De nexibus rubris categoriarum cavendis]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|De numero minimo “membrorum”]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...|De supercategoriis]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia|De Vicipaedia Anglica imitanda aut non imitanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai|De nexibus categoriarum intervici]]

}}

== Nexus externi ==
* [[:de:Wikipedia:Kategorien/Meinungsbild|Meinungsbild]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam
* [[:de:Benutzer:Duesentrieb/Semantic Wiki Web]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam

[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]
[[Categoria:Omnia|!]]
[[Categoria:Paginae plurilingues]]</text>
      <sha1>avvmheaou45n27erj26antxpr12t19a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979564</id>
      <parentid>3979562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T22:02:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus interni */</comment>
      <origin>3979564</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21922" sha1="dgo3ezir77qfra2vkqkg1uebs53aenc" xml:space="preserve">{{Regulae propositae}}
{{Capsa opum et commendationum Vicipaediae}}
{{Compendia paginae|VP:CAT}}

== Categoriarum usus ==
Vicipaedia categorias habet ut greges paginarum, quae de rebus cognatis vel similibus disserunt, lectoribus et editoribus praebeat. Lectores ad categorias accedunt a pede paginae encyclopaedicae incipientes, seu arborem categoriarum navigantes, seu nexum a categoriis in aliis Vicipaediis repertis imprimentes.

Categoriae insuper editoribus indicant paginas hucusque carentes; {{*eg}} e pagina [[:Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] caret (die 2 Novembris 2010) pagina {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iohannes Masefield||en|qid=Q471413}}. Ergo, nisi pagina de hac auctore imperfecte categorizatur, licet creare.

Ob has rationes, oportet categorias exstantes rite et pleniter in paginas inscribere: haec enim novos lectores paginis Vicipaedicis advectabit, editoribusque paginas hucusque carentes addere suadebit.

== Quomodo oportet paginam in categorias dirigere ==
Vide [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]]. Categoriae inscribuntur post omnem aliam rem, lineis singularibus, sic: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.
# Paginam de rebus similibus reperi; categorias idoneas exstantes ex huius pede in paginam tuam adde; seu
# Arborem categoriarum navigans, categorias idoneas reperi et adde; seu
# Categorias idoneas, ''exstantibus similes'', excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Categorias generaliores reperi et inscribe pro tempore
# Categorias omnino novas excogita, inscribe et postea crea (vide infra)
# Formulam {{fn|Dubcat}} in pedem paginae inscribe

== Regulae categoriarum seligendarum ==
* Categoria aliqua et supercategoria proxima in eadem pagina minime inscribendae sunt: {{*eg}}, si addis [[:Categoria:Urbes Vietnamiae]], omitte [[:Categoria:Urbes Asiae]]
* In biographias …
*# … hominum vivorum, adde [[:Categoria:Homines vivi]]
*# … mulierum, adde [[:Categoria:Mulieres]]
*# … scriptorum, adde '''et''' categoriam linguae vel linguarum quas scripserint e serie [[:Categoria:Auctores per linguas digesti]], '''et''' categoriam civitatis vel civitatum ubi habitaverint e serie [[:Categoria:Scriptores per civitates digesti]]
*# … professorum seu docentium universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Professores studiorum generalium]]
*# … alumnorum universitatis alicuius, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Alumni studiorum generalium]]. &lt;small&gt;NB: hominibus quibus gradus honoris causa datus sit, qui nimis breviter universitatem frequentaverint, aut qui sine gradu discederint categoriam attribuere haud necesse erit&lt;/small&gt;
*# … episcoporum vel archiepiscoporum, adde categoriam e serie [[:Categoria:Episcopi per civitates digesti]] 
*# … Romanorum antiquorum, adde categoriam gentiliciam e serie [[:Categoria:Gentes Romanae]]
*# … omnium hominum, adde categorias nativitatis et obitus, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Nati saeculo 4 a.C.n.]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 1978]], saeculum adhibens si annus nescitur; categoriam originis geographici, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] aut specialius [[:Categoria:Physici Franciae]]; et categoriam vel categorias plures quae notabilitatem exprimunt
* In paginas de locis (urbibus, vicis, montibus, aedificiis, locis archaeologicis, etc.), adde subcategoriam vel subcategorias sub radice [[:Categoria:Loci terrestres]]
* In paginas de operibus humanis, adde categoriam annalem, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incepta 2007]] (vide [[:Categoria:Annales|radicem talium categoriarum]])
* In paginam de eventu, adde categoriam anni, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:1914]]

== Quomodo categorias exstantes reperiuntur ==
# Categorias e paginis de eadem fere re disserentibus perlegere potes: si necesse sit, in eas imprime et per subcategorias et supercategorias naviga
# Categorias specialiores reperis si categoriam generalem quam cognoscis quaeris—{{*eg}} “Categoria:Plantae”, “Categoria:Italia”—et per subcategorias navigas
# Arboris categoriarum radicem reperis si in verbum “Categoriae” ad partem sinistram fenestrae imprimis

== Quomodo categoriae creantur ==
Cum primum categoriae non iam exstantis nomen &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in paginam addis, illius categoriae nexus ruber videtur. Categoriam deinde oportet creare: 
# In nexum rubrum imprime
# In pagina editoriali inscribe categoriarum “parentalium” ({{*ie}} supercategoriarum iam exstantium) nexum: {{*eg}} in novam categoriam '''Categoria:Flumina Antarcticae''' inscribis &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Flumina]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Res geographicae Antarcticae]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Serva paginam novam tuam categoricam
# Reperi, si potes, categoriam similem in vicipaedia barbara, {{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[en:Category:Rivers of Antarctica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, inde i ad Vicidata, et nexum adde paginae categoricae tuae

== Quomodo categoriae excogitantur et nominantur ==
# Licet semper categorias exstantibus similes creare: {{*eg}} iuxta categorias [[:Categoria:Auctores Graeci]] et [[:Categoria:Mortui 323 a.C.n.]] licet excogitare &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Auctores Hetthaei]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; et &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Mortui 1452 a.C.n.]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; si paginam relevantem creaveris
# Licet categorias omnino novas creare, sed:
## Oportet in novam categoriam ad minimum tria membra (paginas seu subcategorias) aut reperire aut e novo scribere 
## Si novum paradigma categoriarum incipere vis ({{*eg}} '''Categoria:Scholae comitatus Bedfordiensis''', talibus categoriis non iam exstantibus) debes ante creationem disputare et utilitatem explicare
## Si de Latinitate seu de utilitate categoriae creandae dubitas, '''oportet ante creationem disputare'''
# Nomina categoriarum sunt pluralia si verbum plurale ad rem congruit: {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]], [[:Categoria:Reptilia]], exceptis autem civitate ([[:Categoria:Germania]]), loco singulo ([[:Categoria:Londinium]]), homine singulo ([[:Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]), genere biologico ([[:Categoria:Triticum]]), re anatomica naturaliter singulari ([[:Categoria:Cor]])
# Disputare de categoriis propositis licet sive apud paginam disputationis paginae respectivae, sive apud disputationem auctoris paginae, sive apud [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]]m; nexum ad disputationem licet hic addere
# Categoriae iam creatae moveri (sicut paginae moventur) non possunt; oportet delere et e novo creare; vide [[Vicipaedia:Automata/Category move requests]]

== De variis categoriarum generibus ==
* In eas categorias, quae sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” adsumuntur, oportet commentiones biographicas ({{*ie}} de hominibus singulis), neque alias, inserere
* Categorias '''de singulis hominibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de pluribus rebus huic homini relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de homine ipso, de operibus, de familia et sociis, de rebus ab eo gestis). N.B. Si vis subcategoriam creare '''de rebus hominis singuli''' ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Opera Ioannis Sebastiani Bach]]; [[:Categoria:Antigoni Monophthalmi sectatores]]; [[:Categoria:The Lord of the Rings]]) oportet a principio categoriam simplicem de eo homine creare ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]], [[:Categoria:Antigonus Monophthalmus]], [[:Categoria:I. R. R. Tolkien]]). Categoriae de hominibus singulis inserendae sunt:
*# semper in supercategoriam [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae|Categoriae ex hominibus appellatae]] seu subcategoriam idoneam, {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Categoriae ex artificibus appellatae]]
*# in unam categoriam vel plures generaliores quae notabilitatem principalem eius hominis exprimunt ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Pictura]]; [[:Categoria:Historia Russiae]])
*# sed non in subcategorias categoriae “[[:Categoria:Homines|Hominum]]” ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Incolae Russiae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de eo homine in eum categoriarum arborem inserenda est
* Categorias '''de familiis, gentibus''' necnon '''gregibus hominum''' oportet creare si commentationes plures de gente ipsa, de hominibus huius gentis, etc. habemus. Licet tales categorias inserere non sub supercategoria “[[:Categoria:Homines]]” (paginae enim de singulis hominibus sub hac supercategoria inserendae sunt) sed:
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Familiae|Familiarum]]” ubi idoneum sit, sive
*# in arborem categoriarum “[[:Categoria:Gentes|Gentium]]” ubi idoneum sit
* Categorias '''de singulis urbibus''' generosius creamus. Tales categorias oportet creare si de rebus huic urbi relevantibus commentationes habemus ({{*eg}} de urbe ipsa, de dioecesi et episcopis, de universitate, de aedificiis). Tales categoriae inserendae sunt:
*# semper in categoriam de civitatis illius urbibus ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Urbes Cambriae]])
*# in categoriam de provincia seu regione si sit ({{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Monemutensis]])
*# sed non in categorias miscellaneas et contingentes ({{*eg}} &lt;s&gt;[[:Categoria:Urbes Viae Sericariae]]&lt;/s&gt;): minime categoria sed ''commentatio'' de ea urbe in categorias miscellaneas inserenda est
* Categorias '''de vitae curriculo''' generosius creamus in seriebus gubernatorum, episcoporum, alumnorum et professorum. Categorias iam oportet creare quando de uno homine, tali categoriae relevanti, paginam biographicam creaverimus; subcategoriae erunt sub universitatibus, academiis pictorum architectorumque et musicorum necnon histrionum, atque sub urbe sede episcopali et sub politicis uniuscuiusque civitatis. Categorias de alumnis ludorum vel scholarum iuvenum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet alumnos plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere
* Categorias '''de incolis omnium civitatum liberarum''' omniumque civitatum C.F.A. iam habemus. Categorias de incolis singularum insularum creare solemus: vide {{*eg}} [[:Categoria:Incolae Siciliae]]. Categorias incolarum urbium regionumque aliarum parviorum rarius creamus: si creare vis, tibi oportet incolas plures ab initio reperire et in categoriam inserere

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
Paginae in categoriis secundum abecedarium ordinantur. Argumentum alterum nexui categoriae additum efficit ut pagina alio nomine in categoria ordinetur, {{*ie}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|NOMEN QUOD ORDINEM DETERMINABIT]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.

In Vicipaedia Latina sunt etiam nonnulla signa specialia quae, quum in ordine alphabetico ante litteras appareant, adhibentur ad ordinem paginarum ita mutandum ut aliquae paginae loco conspicuiore collocentur. Sequens tabella signa usitatissima atque eorum rationem ostendit.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Signum
! Syntaxis vicitextualis
! Syntaxis formularis
! Significatio
! Exemplum
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt; ''(spatium)''
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}} \]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis [[Formula:Pagina principalis categoriae|paginam principalem categoriae]] indicat, nam semper in capite categoriae, ante omnes alias, ponit paginas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Roma]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Roma]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}-\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando ita adhibetur ut paginae quae divisiones cuiusdam categoriae repraesentant ante alias paginas numerentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Corsica|-]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Corsica Superior]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Corsica]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|!]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}!\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui paginas in ipsam categoriam sua sponte stipant.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Asteroides}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa asteroidis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Asteroides]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|@]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\@\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hac syntaxi [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulae]] et [[Vicipaedia:Lua|moduli]] numerantur qui saepissime in paginis eiusdem categoriae adhibentur.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Praenomina}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Capsa nominis/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Praenomina]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|*]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\*\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| &lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula tantum|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{Fnp|Metaformula quoque|NOMEN CATEGORIAE}}&lt;/code&gt;
| Hoc signum in [[:Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum|categoriis formularum]] tantum invenitur; metaformulas metamodulosque indicat qui ad formulas ibidem numeratas creandas adhibiti sunt.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Metaformula tantum|Formulae stipularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Formula:Metastipula/doc]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Formulae stipularum]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;#[NUMERUS]&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|#123456]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\#/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Haec syntaxis aliquando adhibetur ad paginas secundum quandam numerationem ordinandas
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Reges Aegypti|#04]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in “[[:Categoria:Pharaones domus quartae Aegypti]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Reges Aegypti]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}\+\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Hac syntaxi paginae numerantur quae alium indicem, saepe ampliorem, praebent.
| Videatur scriptum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis|+]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; in pagina “[[Index communium praefecturae Septentrionis]]”; deinde videatur [[:Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Septentrionis]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;ß&lt;/code&gt;
| &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:NOMEN CATEGORIAE|ß]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\[\[Categoria:[^\{{!}}\]]+\{{!}}ß\]\]/i|quaerere|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}})
| ―
| Item ut &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt; (vide supra), sed praesertim in [[Formula:Capsa navigationis|capsis navigationis]] adhibitum.
|
|}

Hic est plenior (quamquam adhuc imperfectus) index signorum quibus paginae ante litteras ordinantur:

: '''&lt;code&gt;_ - – — , ; : ! ? . · ' &quot; ( ) [ ] { } @ * / \ &amp; # % • ` ^ + ÷ × &lt; = &gt; | ~ − $ £ ß&lt;/code&gt;'''

== De categoriis tuendis ==
* In categorias quae in serie categoriarum similium non inseruntur et vel unum vel duo membra, nec plura, continent, formulam “{{fn|Inops}}” imponere licet; membrorum inopia manente et consensu categoriae retinentis carente, post septem dies delere licet
* Categorias contra consensum creatas vel nominatas licet delere, membraque sub categoriis idoneis reinscribere

{{NexInt}}
* [[:Categoria:Omnia]] (radix categoriarum)
* [[:Categoria:Formulae categoriarum]]
* [[Specialis:Categoriarum arbor]] (arbor categoriarum)
* [[Specialis:Categoriae]] (index categoriarum alphabeticus)
* [[Vicipaedia:PetScan|PetScan]] (categoriae quomodo sunt quaerendae et combinandae)
* {{Fn|Index synopticus categoriae}}
* {{Fn|Pagina principalis categoriae}}
* {{Fn|In his categoriis secundum partem alphanumericam nominis}}

=== Disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis ===
{{Folium flexibile
	| exordium = collapsus
	| praeambulum = Hic infra varias disputationes de categoriis adhibendis et nominandis numerantur.
	| corpus =

==== De seriebus variis categoriarum ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* De advenis vel migrantibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Maybe worth mentioning]]
* De asteroidibus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Nomina asteroidum]]
* De categoriis operarum (musicarum) [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Year categories for music]]
* De comitatuum et urbium incolis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]]
* De familiis et generibus biologicis [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia]]
* De hominibus et eorum muneribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#About Categoria:Homines and Categoria:Biographia]] et [[Disputatio:Iacobus Henricus Breasted#Categoriae]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:Tbook#Categoria:People by profession]]
* De hominibus origine ethnico digestis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De incolis civitatum antiquarum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai]]
* De interpretibus et translatoribus [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Category for translators?]]
* De mortuis, interfectis, morte damnatis, morbo adflictis … [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium_14#Categoria:Morte damnati &amp;c.]] 
* De participibus bellorum [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Inhabitants of US counties and towns]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...]]
* De philosophis [[Disputatio Categoriae:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum origine ethnica digesti]]
* De poetis [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:PetScan‎]]
* De professoribus moleste agglomeratis [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Professores melius quam Professor]]
* De religioni haerentibus [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Religious believers]]
* De scriptoribus [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Categoria:Auctores versus Categoria:Scriptores]]

==== De categoriis singulis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Ethnographi/Ethnologi?|Categoria:Ethnographi]] et Categoria:Ethnologi
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#People who have as yet failed to die|Categoria:Homines vivi]] et [[Disputatio Categoriae:Homines vivi|hic]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Nomen Anglicum: scavenger|Categoria:Necrophagi]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|Categoria:Religio Buddhistica]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates civitatum]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Quaestio de categoriis|Categoria:Societates internationales]]

==== De categoriis creandis et utendis ====
{{Index imperfectus}}
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Intention|Quomodo categoriae creantur]]
* [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis#Category names (proposal)|De titulis pluralibus]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De usu categoriarum]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Do you know what categories are for?|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De structura nominum categoriarum ante earum creationem disputanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Explaining about categories|De nexibus rubris categoriarum cavendis]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Category change|De numero minimo “membrorum”]] et [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Use of categories|hic]] et [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 14#Writers and other biographical categories|hic]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#One more thing ...|De supercategoriis]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Categories for Origanum and Galtonia|De Vicipaedia Anglica imitanda aut non imitanda]]
* [[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor#Hawai|De nexibus categoriarum intervici]]

}}

== Nexus externi ==
* [[:de:Wikipedia:Kategorien/Meinungsbild|Meinungsbild]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam
* [[:de:Benutzer:Duesentrieb/Semantic Wiki Web]] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam

[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]
[[Categoria:Omnia|!]]
[[Categoria:Paginae plurilingues]]</text>
      <sha1>dgo3ezir77qfra2vkqkg1uebs53aenc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagus Basilea Urbs</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15073</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979472</id>
      <parentid>3723954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:08:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MUQV</username>
        <id>204595</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ Insigne correctum est. Vexillum non est.</comment>
      <origin>3979472</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2189" sha1="phjwuvqvolch690v9tmg04jyz6y0v27" xml:space="preserve">{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.5em;&quot;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center bgcolor=&quot;#DEFFAD&quot; | Pagus Basileensis
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center | [[Fasciculus:Wappen Basel-Stadt matt.svg|thumb|center|Insigne pagi Basileensis]] &lt;br /&gt;
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center bgcolor=&quot;#DEFFAD&quot; | Notatiae elementi
|-
|Caput: || [[Basilea]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Basel'')  
|-
|Ambitus: || 37 km²
|-
|Populatio: || 187 898 ''&lt;small&gt;(31.12.[[2009]])&lt;/small&gt;''&lt;ref&gt;Confer [http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/NOTIZIARIO/comunicati/0352-1008-60.pdf Nuntius Officii Foederalis Statisticae, pag. 5]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Densitas: || 5078 incolae pro km²
|-
|Pars [[Helvetia]]e ab: || [[1501]]
|-
|Signum: || BS
|-
|Lingua: || [[Theodisca]]  
|-
|Pagina domestica: || [http://www.bs.ch www.bs.ch]
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center bgcolor=&quot;#DEFFAD&quot; | Tabula
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center | [[Fasciculus: Karte_Kanton_Baselstadt.png|300px|center|Tabula Basileensis pagi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''Pagus Basileensis'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Basel-Stadt'') est semipagus [[Helvetia]]e inter septemtriones et occasum solis spectans, Helvetiae minimus quod ad [[superficies|superficiem]] pertinet. Basileensi finitimi pagi atque civitates sunt [[Pagus Basilia rus|Basilia rus]], [[Germania]] [[Francia]]que.
[[Fasciculus:Karte Lage Kanton Basel Stadt.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Collocatio pagi in Helvetia]]
[[Fasciculus:Geissflue02.JPG|thumb|100px|left|Terminus pagi supra collem ''Geissflue'']]

Pagus iste de facto ex sola [[Basilea]] urbe atque duobus parcis vicis ([[:it:Riehen]] et [[:it:Bettingen]]) constat; vide ergo in praesentia urbem Basileae.

== Sermo publicus ==
Incolae pagi Basileensis [[Lingua Theodisca|linguam Theodiscam]] loquuntur.

== Historia ==
Basileensis pagus erat usque annum [[1833]] pars unius pagi cum pago [[Pagus Basilia rus|Basileensis Ruris]]. In hoc anno Basilea in duos pagos discessit (vide etiam paginam Germanice scripta [[:de:Basler Kantonsteilung]]).

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* {{LHH|7478}}

{{Helvetia}}

[[Categoria:Basilea]]
[[Categoria:Pagus Basileensis|!]]</text>
      <sha1>phjwuvqvolch690v9tmg04jyz6y0v27</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Perseus (situs interretialis)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15442</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979518</id>
      <parentid>3874359</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:13:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de glossario</comment>
      <origin>3979518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="770" sha1="k11ct5xlsctsyub054u832yxfpk510j" xml:space="preserve">'''''Perseus Digital Library''''' (Bibliotheca digitalis Perseus) est collectio [[interrete|interretialis]] paginarum decreta ab [[Universitas Tuftensis|Universitate Tuftensi]] de [[Lingua Latina]], [[Lingua Graeca]], rebusque aliis quae praebet textus, commentaria, lexica, [[glossarium|glossaria]], plurimaque alia ad usum eorum qui rebus classicis studeant.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Forum Romanum (situs interretialis)]]
*[[Humanitates digitales]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ Pagina prima]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100127080511/http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ &quot;Speculum&quot; Germanicum]

{{info-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Situs interretiales rerum Classicarum]]
[[Categoria:Situs paedagogici]]
[[Categoria:Situs Latini]]
[[Categoria:Situs Graeci]]</text>
      <sha1>k11ct5xlsctsyub054u832yxfpk510j</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bivalvia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>16610</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:12:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Minora</comment>
      <origin>3979315</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6360" sha1="hii5x0u2uidraxlpyi3x9pxai1w9ojl" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Bivalvia
| image = Haeckel Acephala.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = &quot;Acephala&quot; in Ernesti Haeckel&lt;ref&gt;Haeckel duos saltem libros Latine scripsit, nempe ''De telis quibusdam Astaci fluviatilis'' ([[1857]]) et ''De Rhizopodum finibus et ordinibus'' ([[1861]]), sed quo nomine Latino non patet.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kunstformen der nature'', 1899, 1904
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Molluscum|Mollusca]]
| classis = '''Bivalvia'''
| classis_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Classis (taxinomia)|Subclasses]]
| subdivision = 
*[[Anomalosdesmata]]
*[[Cryptodonta]]
*[[Heterodonta]]
*[[Paleoheterodonta]]
*[[Palaeotaxodonta]]
*[[Pteriomorphia]]

''Vide commentarium.''
}}
'''Bivalvia''' ('''Bivalve''' ''-is, n.'') sunt [[molluscum|molluscorum]] [[mare|marinorum]] et [[aqua dulcis|aquae dulcis]] [[classis (taxinomia)|classis]], quae [[Pectinidae|Pectinidas]], [[Ostreidae|Ostreidas]], [[Mytilidae|Mytilidas]], multasque alias molluscorum [[familia (taxinomia)|familias]] quibus sunt binae [[Valva (conchae)|valvae]] cardine praeditae comprehendit. Classis diu '''Pelecypoda''' appellabatur, nomen quod ad molles [[animal]]is partes spectat, cum nomen ''Bivalvia'' [[testa (anatomia)|testam]] describit, cui sunt bina valvia. Nominaverunt aliqui [[malacologia|malacologi]] classem '''Lamellibranchia''' (ad [[branchiae|branchias]] sicut lamellae spectans; vide [[ctenidium]]), '''Acephala''' (eis non est [[caput]]), et '''Bivalva''' [''sic''] (bina valvia).

Omni classi sunt plus minusve 9200 [[species (taxinomia)|specierum]], quae intra 1260 [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]] et 106 [[familia (taxinomia)|familias]] circumscribuntur. Bivalvia marina (cum speciebus [[aqua amara|aquae amarae]] et [[aestuarium|aestuariorum]]) sunt circa 8000 specierum, in quattuor subclassibus et 99 familiis cum 1100 generum digestarum. Maximae familiae recentiores sunt [[Veneridae]], cum plus quam 680 species, [[Tellinidae]]que et [[Lucinidae]], utrique plus quam 500 species. Bivalvia aquae dulcis sunt septem familiae additae, quarum [[Unionidae]] circa 700 species continent.&lt;ref name=CompBiv&gt;{{cite book |author= Huber, Markus |year=[[2010]] |title= Compendium of Bivalves. A Full-color Guide to 3'300 of the World's Marine Bivalves. A Status on Bivalvia after 250 Years of Research |publisher= ConchBooks |location= [[Hackonis Villa]] |pages= 901 pp. + CD |isbn= 978-3-939767-28-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bivalvibus ([[gastropoda|gastropodibus]] dissimilibus) [[radula]] deest; pascuntur vero particellis ex aqua siphonandis colandisque. Alia bivalvia epifauni sunt (se [[byssus|bysso]], caemento organico, superficiebus adligant), alia infauna (se sub [[harena]] sedimentisve condunt): haec [[pes|pedem]] fortem fossilem habere solent. Nonnulla, insigniter [[Pectinidae]], natare possunt.

==Bivalvia antiquis nota==
Haec bivalvia apud scripta antiqua commemorantur:
*[[Balanus marinus|Balanus]] = ''[[Pholas dactylus]]'', ''[[Pholas crispata]]''
*[[Chema striata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;plinius&quot;&gt;[[Plinius Maior|Plinii]] ''NH'' 32.53.147.&lt;/ref&gt; = ''[[Venus verrucosa]]''
*[[Chema levis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;plinius&quot; /&gt; = ''[[Callista chione]]''
*[[Dactylus marinus|Dactylus]] = ''[[Lithophaga lithophaga]]''
*[[Glycymeris]] fortasse = ''[[Glycymeris glycymeris]]''
*[[Mitulus]]&lt;ref&gt;Varie scriptum: ''mitulus, mytulus, mytilus,'' etc. A verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeca]], quae est &amp;#x3BC;&amp;#x3CD;&amp;#x3C4;&amp;#x3C5;&amp;#x3BB;&amp;#x3BF;&amp;#x3C2;.&lt;/ref&gt; = ''[[Mytilus galloprovincialis]]'' et spp.
*[[Myiscus]] = ''[[Modiolus barbatus]]''
*[[Onyx marina|Onyx]] = ''[[Solen vagina]]''?
*[[Ostrea]] = ''[[Ostrea edulis]]'' et spp.
*[[Pecten marinum|Pecten]] = [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] ''[[Pectenidae]]''
*[[Peloris]], [[Lucrina peloris]] = ''[[Tapes decussatus]]''
**[[Aquosa peloris]] fortasse = ''[[Venerupis aurea]]''
*[[Pinna nobilis|Pinna]] = ''[[Pinna nobilis]]''
*[[Solen]] = ''[[Ensis ensis]]'' et spp.
*[[Spondylus (genus)|Spondylus]] = ''[[Spondylus gaederopus]]''
*Telline, xiphydrion, sciphidrion = ''[[Donax trunculus]]''

==Taxinomia==
Systema infra datum classificationem [[Norman D. Newell]] (1965) sequitur, secundum [[morphologia (biologia)|morphologiam]] [[dens cardinis|dentium cardinis]]{{dubsig}}&lt;!--hinge tooth--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Norman D. Newell]] (1969), Bivalvia systematics, in ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,'' ed. R. C. Moore, pars N.&lt;/ref&gt;:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Subclassis]]
! [[Ordo (taxinomia)|Ordo]]
|-
| [[Palaeotaxodonta]]
| *[[Nuculoida]]
|-
| [[Cryptodonta]]
| †[[Praecardioida]]
[[Solemyoida]]
|-
| [[Pteriomorphia]]
| [[Arcoida]]
†[[Cyrtodontoida]]

[[Limoida]]

[[Mytiloida]]

[[Ostreoida]] (olim in Pterioidis descripta)

†[[Praecardioida]]

[[Pterioida]]
|-
| [[Paleoheterodonta]] 
| †[[Trigonioida]]

[[Unionoida]]

†[[Modiomorpha]]
|-
| [[Heterodonta]]
| †[[Cycloconchidae]]

†[[Hippuritoida]]

†[[Lyrodesmatidae]]

[[Myoida]]

†[[Redoniidae]]

[[Veneroida]]
|-
| [[Anomalodesmata]] 
| [[Pholadomyoida]]
|}

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
* Bernard, F. R., Ying-Ya Cai, et Brian Morton. [[1993]]. ''A Catalogue of the Living Marine Bivalve Molluscs of China.'' Hongcongi: Hong Kong University Press. {{Google Books|nSrxAQAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}}
*Dalby, Andrew. [[2003]]. ''Food in the Ancient World: from A to Z.'' ISBN 0415232597.
*Ponder, W. F., et David R. Lindberg. [[2008]]. ''Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca.'' Berkeleiae University of California Press. ISBN 0520250923.
*Schneider, Jay A. [[2001]]. &quot;Bivalve Systematics during the 20th Century.&quot; ''Journal of Paleontology'' 75 (6): 1119–27.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Bivalvia}}
*[http://www.bivalvia.net Bivalvia.net.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111009001233/http://www.marineconservationcambodia.org/Marine-Species-Photographic-Database/Cambodian-Marine-Life/Invertebrates/Molluscs/Bivalves.html/ Data de Marinis Cambodiae Bivalvibus]
*[http://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/britishbivalves Marinae Bivalvium Conchae Insularum Britannicarum]
*[http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/ Museum Palaeontologiae] in Universitate Californiae Berkeleiae
*[http://www3.wooster.edu/geology/Bioerosion/Bioerosion.html Situs de &quot;bioerosion&quot; in Collegio Wooster]
{{Fontes biologici}}

[[Categoria:Bivalvia|*]]
[[Categoria:Classes animalium]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1758]]
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979316</id>
      <parentid>3979315</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:13:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Minora</comment>
      <origin>3979316</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6362" sha1="7079625uskot0zzv5igb8goezqdwyfx" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Bivalvia
| image = Haeckel Acephala.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = &quot;Acephala&quot; in Ernesti Haeckel&lt;ref&gt;Haeckel duos saltem libros Latine scripsit, nempe ''De telis quibusdam Astaci fluviatilis'' ([[1857]]) et ''De Rhizopodum finibus et ordinibus'' ([[1861]]), sed quo nomine Latino non patet.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kunstformen der nature'', 1899, 1904
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Molluscum|Mollusca]]
| classis = '''Bivalvia'''
| classis_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Classis (taxinomia)|Subclasses]]
| subdivision = 
*[[Anomalosdesmata]]
*[[Cryptodonta]]
*[[Heterodonta]]
*[[Paleoheterodonta]]
*[[Palaeotaxodonta]]
*[[Pteriomorphia]]

''Vide commentarium.''
}}
'''Bivalvia''' ('''Bivalve''' ''-is, n.'') sunt [[molluscum|molluscorum]] [[mare|marinorum]] et [[aqua dulcis|aquae dulcis]] [[classis (taxinomia)|classis]], quae [[Pectinidae|Pectinidas]], [[Ostreidae|Ostreidas]], [[Mytilidae|Mytilidas]], multasque alias molluscorum [[familia (taxinomia)|familias]] quibus sunt binae [[Valva (conchae)|valvae]] cardine praeditae comprehendit. Classis diu '''Pelecypoda''' appellabatur, nomen quod ad molles [[animal]]is partes spectat, cum nomen ''Bivalvia'' [[testa (anatomia)|testam]] describit, cui sunt binae valvae. Nominaverunt aliqui [[malacologia|malacologi]] classem '''Lamellibranchia''' (ad [[branchiae|branchias]] sicut lamellae spectans; vide [[ctenidium]]), '''Acephala''' (eis non est [[caput]]), et '''Bivalva''' [''sic''] (binae valvae).

Omni classi sunt plus minusve 9200 [[species (taxinomia)|specierum]], quae intra 1260 [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]] et 106 [[familia (taxinomia)|familias]] circumscribuntur. Bivalvia marina (cum speciebus [[aqua amara|aquae amarae]] et [[aestuarium|aestuariorum]]) sunt circa 8000 specierum, in quattuor subclassibus et 99 familiis cum 1100 generum digestarum. Maximae familiae recentiores sunt [[Veneridae]], cum plus quam 680 species, [[Tellinidae]]que et [[Lucinidae]], utrique plus quam 500 species. Bivalvia aquae dulcis sunt septem familiae additae, quarum [[Unionidae]] circa 700 species continent.&lt;ref name=CompBiv&gt;{{cite book |author= Huber, Markus |year=[[2010]] |title= Compendium of Bivalves. A Full-color Guide to 3'300 of the World's Marine Bivalves. A Status on Bivalvia after 250 Years of Research |publisher= ConchBooks |location= [[Hackonis Villa]] |pages= 901 pp. + CD |isbn= 978-3-939767-28-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bivalvibus ([[gastropoda|gastropodibus]] dissimilibus) [[radula]] deest; pascuntur vero particellis ex aqua siphonandis colandisque. Alia bivalvia epifauni sunt (se [[byssus|bysso]], caemento organico, superficiebus adligant), alia infauna (se sub [[harena]] sedimentisve condunt): haec [[pes|pedem]] fortem fossilem habere solent. Nonnulla, insigniter [[Pectinidae]], natare possunt.

==Bivalvia antiquis nota==
Haec bivalvia apud scripta antiqua commemorantur:
*[[Balanus marinus|Balanus]] = ''[[Pholas dactylus]]'', ''[[Pholas crispata]]''
*[[Chema striata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;plinius&quot;&gt;[[Plinius Maior|Plinii]] ''NH'' 32.53.147.&lt;/ref&gt; = ''[[Venus verrucosa]]''
*[[Chema levis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;plinius&quot; /&gt; = ''[[Callista chione]]''
*[[Dactylus marinus|Dactylus]] = ''[[Lithophaga lithophaga]]''
*[[Glycymeris]] fortasse = ''[[Glycymeris glycymeris]]''
*[[Mitulus]]&lt;ref&gt;Varie scriptum: ''mitulus, mytulus, mytilus,'' etc. A verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeca]], quae est &amp;#x3BC;&amp;#x3CD;&amp;#x3C4;&amp;#x3C5;&amp;#x3BB;&amp;#x3BF;&amp;#x3C2;.&lt;/ref&gt; = ''[[Mytilus galloprovincialis]]'' et spp.
*[[Myiscus]] = ''[[Modiolus barbatus]]''
*[[Onyx marina|Onyx]] = ''[[Solen vagina]]''?
*[[Ostrea]] = ''[[Ostrea edulis]]'' et spp.
*[[Pecten marinum|Pecten]] = [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] ''[[Pectenidae]]''
*[[Peloris]], [[Lucrina peloris]] = ''[[Tapes decussatus]]''
**[[Aquosa peloris]] fortasse = ''[[Venerupis aurea]]''
*[[Pinna nobilis|Pinna]] = ''[[Pinna nobilis]]''
*[[Solen]] = ''[[Ensis ensis]]'' et spp.
*[[Spondylus (genus)|Spondylus]] = ''[[Spondylus gaederopus]]''
*Telline, xiphydrion, sciphidrion = ''[[Donax trunculus]]''

==Taxinomia==
Systema infra datum classificationem [[Norman D. Newell]] (1965) sequitur, secundum [[morphologia (biologia)|morphologiam]] [[dens cardinis|dentium cardinis]]{{dubsig}}&lt;!--hinge tooth--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Norman D. Newell]] (1969), Bivalvia systematics, in ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,'' ed. R. C. Moore, pars N.&lt;/ref&gt;:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Subclassis]]
! [[Ordo (taxinomia)|Ordo]]
|-
| [[Palaeotaxodonta]]
| *[[Nuculoida]]
|-
| [[Cryptodonta]]
| †[[Praecardioida]]
[[Solemyoida]]
|-
| [[Pteriomorphia]]
| [[Arcoida]]
†[[Cyrtodontoida]]

[[Limoida]]

[[Mytiloida]]

[[Ostreoida]] (olim in Pterioidis descripta)

†[[Praecardioida]]

[[Pterioida]]
|-
| [[Palaeoheterodonta]]
| †[[Trigonioida]]

[[Unionoida]]

†[[Modiomorpha]]
|-
| [[Heterodonta]]
| †[[Cycloconchidae]]

†[[Hippuritoida]]

†[[Lyrodesmatidae]]

[[Myoida]]

†[[Redoniidae]]

[[Veneroida]]
|-
| [[Anomalodesmata]] 
| [[Pholadomyoida]]
|}

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
* Bernard, F. R., Ying-Ya Cai, et Brian Morton. [[1993]]. ''A Catalogue of the Living Marine Bivalve Molluscs of China.'' Hongcongi: Hong Kong University Press. {{Google Books|nSrxAQAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}}
*Dalby, Andrew. [[2003]]. ''Food in the Ancient World: from A to Z.'' ISBN 0415232597.
*Ponder, W. F., et David R. Lindberg. [[2008]]. ''Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca.'' Berkeleiae University of California Press. ISBN 0520250923.
*Schneider, Jay A. [[2001]]. &quot;Bivalve Systematics during the 20th Century.&quot; ''Journal of Paleontology'' 75 (6): 1119–27.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Bivalvia}}
*[http://www.bivalvia.net Bivalvia.net.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111009001233/http://www.marineconservationcambodia.org/Marine-Species-Photographic-Database/Cambodian-Marine-Life/Invertebrates/Molluscs/Bivalves.html/ Data de Marinis Cambodiae Bivalvibus]
*[http://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/britishbivalves Marinae Bivalvium Conchae Insularum Britannicarum]
*[http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/ Museum Palaeontologiae] in Universitate Californiae Berkeleiae
*[http://www3.wooster.edu/geology/Bioerosion/Bioerosion.html Situs de &quot;bioerosion&quot; in Collegio Wooster]
{{Fontes biologici}}

[[Categoria:Bivalvia|*]]
[[Categoria:Classes animalium]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1758]]
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Australia Occidentalis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>19736</id>
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      <parentid>3695417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:56:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
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      <text bytes="987" sha1="pc8w7o31sapl8qg7u6yhrf9f38j9at5" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
'''Australia Occidentalis''' ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''Western Australia'') est civitas [[Australia]]e, sita (in nomine legere potes) in occidentali terrae parte, ubi litus [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceani Indici]] tangit. Caput et [[urbs]] gravissima maximaque est [[Perthia]]. Numerus incolarum est circa 1 960 000. Area civitatis 2 527 013 chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; est; secunda a maxima orbis terrarum subdivisio administrativa est. Flumina Australiae Occidentalis [[flumen Murchisoni]], [[Cygnorum flumen]] aliaque sunt. [[Desertum Victoria]] in parte orientali provinciae patet. [[Saepes contra cunicolos]] per totam provinciam a meridie ad septentrionem aedificata est.

Sententiam habet Latinam &quot;Cygnis insignis&quot; (de ''[[Cygnus atratus|Cygno atrato]]'' Australiae [[endemismus|endemico]] hic primum invento).

== Nexus externi ==
{{Communia|Western Australia}}
{{fontes geographici}}
{{geo-stipula}}

{{Australia}}

[[Categoria:Australia Occidentalis| *]]</text>
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      <id>3979538</id>
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        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
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      <text bytes="987" sha1="thq87fw2pddsexf6e6s9yomypqugc2g" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
'''Australia Occidentalis''' ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''Western Australia'') est civitas [[Australia]]e, sita (in nomine legere potes) in occidentali terrae parte, ubi litus [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceani Indici]] tangit. Caput et [[urbs]] gravissima maximaque est [[Perthia]]. Numerus incolarum est circa 1 960 000. Area civitatis 2 527 013 chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; est; secunda a maxima orbis terrarum subdivisio administrativa est. Flumina Australiae Occidentalis [[flumen Murchisoni]], [[Cygnorum flumen]] aliaque sunt. [[Desertum Victoria]] in parte orientali provinciae patet. [[Saepes contra cuniculos]] per totam provinciam a meridie ad septentrionem aedificata est.

Sententiam habet Latinam &quot;Cygnis insignis&quot; (de ''[[Cygnus atratus|Cygno atrato]]'' Australiae [[endemismus|endemico]] hic primum invento).

== Nexus externi ==
{{Communia|Western Australia}}
{{fontes geographici}}
{{geo-stipula}}

{{Australia}}

[[Categoria:Australia Occidentalis| *]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Archipoëta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1746" sha1="ciky482gpkq521i02i4hyftxoyts8fs" xml:space="preserve">'''Archipoeta''' ('poeta supremus') fuit [[poeta]] incognitus [[saeculum 12|saeculi duodecimi]], qui [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniam Agrippinam]] habitans, [[poema]]ta [[lingua Latina|Latina]] [[compositio|composuit]]. Eius [[carmen|carmina]] composita sunt inter annos 1162 et 1164; nonnulla [[Rainaldus de Dassela|Rainaldo de Dassela]], archicancellario [[Fredericus I Imperator|Frederici I]] [[imperator]]is et [[archiepiscopus|archiepiscopo]] [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniensis]] dicata sunt.

== Tabula carminum ==
# ''Lingua balbus, hebes ingenio''
# ''Fama tuba dante sonum''
# ''Omnia tempus habent, et ego breve postulo tempus''
# ''Archicancellarie, vir discrete mentis''
# ''Nocte quadam sabbati somno iam refectus''
# ''En habeo versus te precipiente reversus'' (laus urbis [[Salernum|Salerni]])
# ''Archicancellarie, viris maior ceteris''
# ''Presul urbis [[Agrippina|Agripine]]''
# ''Salve mundi domine, Cesar noster, ave'' (laus imperatoris Frederici)
# ''Estuans intrinsecus ira vehementi''

== Archipoeta tempore nostro ==
Carmen decimum (''Estuans intrinsecus ira vehementi'') invenitur in cantata musicali ''[[Carmina Burana (Carolus Orff)|Carmina Burana]]'' a [[Carolus Orff|Caroli Orff]] composita. Archipoeta est persona [[fabula]]e ''[[Baudolino]]'' ab [[Humbertus Eco|Humberti Eco]] conscriptae.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Maximilianus Manitius]]

== Bibliographia ==
* ''[[Hugo Primas Aurelianensis|Hugh Primas]] and the Archpoet''; translated and edited by Fleur Adcock. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1994. [Latine et Anglice]

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini mediaevales]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 12]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 12]]
[[Categoria:Carmina Burana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loeb Classical Library</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>de versione digitali</comment>
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      <text bytes="1789" sha1="dfecubrtyxjwdw1w4no0d05u5uobw4a" xml:space="preserve">{{L1}}
[[Fasciculus:Loeb Classical Library.jpg|thumb|Editio [[Seneca maior|Senecae maioris]] Latino-anglica]]
'''Loeb Classical Library''' (&quot;Bibliotheca Loebiana&quot; aut &quot;Codices Loebiani&quot;) est thesaurus librorum anno [[1912]] suadente [[Iacobus Loeb|Iacobo Loeb]] inceptus et temporibus nostris a typographeo [[Universitas Harvardiana|Universitatis Harvardianae]] divulgatus, cuius inter codices inveniuntur libri permulti aevi antiquioris, [[Lingua Latina|Latine]] aut [[Lingua Graeca|Graece]] scripti. Opera grata studentibus linguis Latinae Graecaeque sunt, quod sinistris in paginis codicis cuiusque Latine aut Graece liber omnis redditur, dextris autem [[Anglice]]. Ita tirones exercere possunt quo modo verba ex lingua in alteram verti oportet. Terga librorum Latinorum [[ruber|rubea]] sunt; [[viridis|viridia]] Graecorum. Anno [[2014]] versio [[humanitates digitales|digitalis]], subscriptoribus disponibilis, aperta est.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Scriptorum Classicorum bibliotheca Oxoniensis]]
*[[Les Belles Lettres]]
*[[Perseus (situs interretialis)]]

==Nexus externi==
* [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/collection.php?cpk=1031 Descriptio bibliothecae et index librorum] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.loebclassics.com Bibliotheca digitalis]
* [[Iacobus Loeb|James Loeb]], &quot;[http://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/loeb_intro.htm The Loeb Classical Library: a word about its purpose and scope]&quot; (1912)
* Tracy Lee Simmons, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080120003103/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Utilities/printer_preview.asp?idArticle=12377 Little Big Books: The red and green guides to the wisdom of the ancient world]&quot; in ''The Weekly Standard'' no. 40 (3 Iulii 2006)

[[Categoria:Series librorum]]
[[Categoria:Editiones textuum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Anglice versae]]
[[Categoria:Incepta 1912]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1303</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="848" sha1="qz015p9odzw2bxyrkreswmsmf9wefrx" xml:space="preserve">{{decennium|131}}

'''1303''' = MCCCIII

== Eventa ==
*[[8 Septembris]] - [[Gulielmus De Nogaret]],  ministrum [[rex|regis]] [[Francia]]e [[Philippus IV (rex Franciae)|Philippi IV]] [[Anagnia]]e [[Bonifacius VIII|Bonifacium VIII]] papam in vincula coniecerunt; qui die [[11 Octobris]] mortuus est.
*[[12 Octobris]] - [[Benedictus VI]] papa creatus est.
*Ultimus comes  Nicolaus de Danneberga [[Comitatus Dannebergensis|Comitatum Dannebergensem]] duci [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Luneburgensi]] contra stipendia sibi concessa tradidit.

== Nati ==
*[[Sancta Birgitta]]

== Mortui ==
*[[11 Octobris]] - [[Bonifacius VIII]], papa
*[[23 Novembris]] - [[Gulielmus II de Frenz]], possessor castelli [[Stolberg]]
*Ignoto die (vel [[1295]]) - [[Taddaeus Alderottus]], [[medicus]] et scholae medicae [[Bononia|Bononiensis]] conditor; natus circa annum [[1220]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rudolphus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>/* Qui hoc praenomen habuerint */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1392" sha1="pickw1pedmsr49tmvgt1360rjuzjzh5" xml:space="preserve">{{Disnomen}}
{{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Germanica|significatio=&quot;gloria lupi&quot;|imago=Arolsen Klebeband 01 025 2.jpg|capitulum=[[Rudolphus II]], imperator Sacri Romani Imperi}}
'''Rudolphus''' (vel '''Rodolphus''') est [[nomen]] masculinum, Germanica origine, quod e [[Vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''hrod'' (&quot;gloria&quot;) et ''wulf'' (&quot;lupus&quot;) ducitur: igitur significatio nominis &quot;gloria lupi&quot; est.

* [[Anglice]]: ''Rudolph''
* [[Francogallice]]: ''Rodolphe''
* [[Hispanice]] et [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Rodolfo'', ''Raul''
* [[Hungarice]]: ''Rudolf''

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==
*[[Rudolphus (princeps Austriae et Hungariae)]]
*[[Rudolphus I]]
*[[Rudolphus II]]

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Rudolphus Agricola]]
* [[Rudolphus Baumbach]]
* [[Rudolphus Büttiker]]
* [[Rudolphus Clausius]]
* [[Rudolphus Fischer]]
* [[Rudolphus Giuliani]], comarchus anterior [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]].
* [[Rodolphus Goclenius]]
* [[Rodolphus Graziani]]
* [[Rudolphus Hess]], vir politicus Germanus.
* [[Rudolphus Nureev]]
* [[Rudolphus Otto]] (1869–1937), theologus protestans et homo [[scientia religionum]] Germanus.
* [[Rudolphus Quezada Toruño]]
* [[Iacobus Sartorius|Rodolphus Iacobus Sartorius]]
* [[Rudolphus Schwanitz]]
* [[Rudolphus Schweiger]]
* [[Rudolphus Seiters]]
* [[Rudolphus Valentino]]

== Alia ==
* [[Rudolphus rubrinasus]]
[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1430" sha1="qitfa57xu223glr301ui9cstval44id" xml:space="preserve">{{Disnomen}}
{{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Germanica|significatio=&quot;gloria lupi&quot;|imago=Arolsen Klebeband 01 025 2.jpg|capitulum=[[Rudolphus II]], imperator Sacri Romani Imperi}}
'''Rudolphus''' (vel '''Rodolphus''') est [[nomen]] masculinum, Germanica origine, quod e [[Vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''hrod'' (&quot;gloria&quot;) et ''wulf'' (&quot;lupus&quot;) ducitur: igitur significatio nominis &quot;gloria lupi&quot; est.

* [[Anglice]]: ''Rudolph'', ''Rolf''
* [[Francogallice]]: ''Rodolphe''
* [[Hispanice]] et [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Rodolfo''
* [[Hungarice]]: ''Rudolf''

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==
*[[Rudolphus (princeps Austriae et Hungariae)]]
*[[Rudolphus I]]
*[[Rudolphus II]]

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Rudolphus Agricola]]
* [[Rudolphus Baumbach]]
* [[Rudolphus Büttiker]]
* [[Rudolphus Clausius]]
* [[Rudolphus Fischer]]
* [[Rudolphus Giuliani]], comarchus anterior [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]].
* [[Rodolphus Goclenius]]
* [[Rodolphus Graziani]]
* [[Rudolphus Hess]], vir politicus Germanus.
* [[Rudolphus Nureev]]
* [[Rudolphus Otto]] (1869–1937), theologus protestans et homo [[scientia religionum]] Germanus.
* [[Rudolphus Quezada Toruño]]
* [[Iacobus Sartorius|Rodolphus Iacobus Sartorius]]
* [[Rudolphus Schwanitz]]
* [[Rudolphus Schweiger]]
* [[Rudolphus Seiters]]
* [[Rudolphus Valentino]]

== Alia ==
* [[Rudolphus rubrinasus]]

== Nexus interni ==
* [[Radolphus]]

[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Equus (scacci)</title>
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      <text bytes="3906" sha1="gm3i65u111x84omyrle350ta9bwvbio" xml:space="preserve">{{pro pagina discretiva vide|Equus (discretiva)}} {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Eques (discretiva)}}

{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right&quot;
|-
!Nomen
![[Notatio scaccorum algebraica#Nomina militibus|Littera]]&lt;ref&gt;Ista verba ex carmine Vidae &quot;Scacchia, ludus&quot; sumpta sunt, quia non solum purae Latinitatis sunt, sed etiam primarum litterarum iterationes non sunt. Praeterea Vida scaccis recentibus (scacchi alla rabbiosa) ludebat.&lt;/ref&gt;
!Pictura
|-
|[[Rex (scacci)|Rex]]
|''[[:en:wikt:King|R]]''
|[[Fasciculus:Chess kll44.png|40px|Rex]][[Fasciculus:Chess kdl44.png|40px|Rex]]
|-
|[[Regina (scacci)|Domina]]
|''[[:en:wikt:Queen|D]]''
|[[Fasciculus:Chess qll44.png|40px|Regina]][[Fasciculus:Chess qdl44.png|40px|Regina]]
|-
|[[Turris (scacci)|Turris]]
|''[[:en:wikt:Rook|T]]''
|[[Fasciculus:Chess rll44.png|40px|Turris]][[Fasciculus:Chess rdl44.png|40px|Turris]]
|-
|[[Episcopus (scacci)|Sagittifer]]
|''[[:en:wikt:Bishop|S]]''
|[[Fasciculus:Chess bll44.png|40px|Episcopus]][[Fasciculus:Chess bdl44.png|40px|Episcopus]]
|-
|[[Equus (scacci)|Eques]]
|''[[:en:wikt:Knight|E]]''
|[[Fasciculus:Chess nll44.png|40px|Equites]][[Fasciculus:Chess ndl44.png|40px|Equites]]
|-
|[[Pedes (scacci)|Pedes]]
|''[[:en:wikt:Pawn|P]]''
|[[Fasciculus:Chess pll44.png|40px|Pedes]][[Fasciculus:Chess pdl44.png|40px|Pedes]]
|-
|}
'''Eques'''&lt;ref&gt;Helf. in [https://web.archive.org/web/20160425153135/http://www.wyomingcatholiccollege.com/faculty-pages/patrick-owens/lexicon/silva/index.aspx Morgan,] apud www.wyomingcatholiccollege.com.&lt;/ref&gt; (sive equus&lt;ref&gt;[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok,'' andra upplagan (Holmiae: Norstedts akademiska förlag, 2009), s.v. ''Springare''.&lt;/ref&gt;, caballarius, caballus&lt;ref&gt;Ibidem.&lt;/ref&gt;, miles) in [[scacchi|scaccorum ludo]] est scaccus qui saepenumero formam [[equus|equi]] habet. In [[notatio scaccorum algebraica|notatione algebraica]], Equites Albi sunt in sedibus b1 et g1, Nigri in sedibus b8 et g8; in [[Scacci#Notatio vetusta|notatione autem vetusta]], sedes, ubi Equites Albi incipiunt, notantur DE1 et RE1, Nigri DE1 et RE1. In [[exercitus|exercitu]] utriusque sunt [[duo]] Equites.{{clear}}

== Motus Equitis ==
{{scaccarium| tleft
| 
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |xo|  |xo|  |  |  |  |xo|  |  |  |xo|  |  |  |  |  |nd|  |  |  |  |  |xo|  |  |  |xo|  |  |  |  |xo|  |xo|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Motus Equitis.
}}'''[[Eques (scacci)|Equitis]]''' motus fiunt saliendo in tertiam quamvis Areolam diversi coloris, nam is sicut Turris uno passu sicut Sagittifer altero movetur. Eius motus forma videtur littera L&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fide.com/official/handbook.asp?level=EE101 FIDE enchiridion scaccorum] Regula 3.6.&lt;/ref&gt;.{{scaccarium| tright
| 
|  |nd|  |  |  |  |nd|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |nl|  |  |  |  |nl|  | Ubi Equites sunt initio ludi.
}}

Est solus scaccus qui praeter alios salire et singulis tractis movere solum possit in sedem coloris diversi.

In figura sinistra, Eques in quamvis sedem puncto nigro signatam movetur.{{clear}}

== Furor militis ==
[[Fasciculus:Knight's tour.svg|right|thumb|Furor militis.]]

Furor militis&lt;ref&gt;H.J.R. Murray, A History of Chess, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1913, p. 789&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[iter equitis]] est [[problema scacchicum]] in quo Eques in [[scaccarium|scaccario]] nudo incipit, et moturus sit semel in omnes sedes scaccarii, et solum semel. 

Multi [[mathematicus|mathematici]] huic problemati operam dederunt, sicut [[Leonhardus Euler|Leonardus Eulerus]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[J'adoube]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/KnightsTour.html Iter equi apud MathWorld.]

[[Categoria:Equi in arte]]
[[Categoria:Scacci]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Magi (Biblia)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{videdis|Magus}}
[[Fasciculus:The visit of the wise-men.jpg|thumb|Tres magi]]
'''Magi''' ([[Graece]] {{lang|grc|μάγοι}}) in [[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelio secundum Matthaeo]] fuerunt [[sapientia|sapientes]] qui, cum natus esset [[Iesus]], eum adoratum advenerunt, dicentes: &quot;Ubi est qui natus est [[rex]] [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]]? Vidimus enim stellam eius in oriente, et venimus adorare eum&quot; (Matt. 2:2). Hi magi [[tres|tria]] munera obtulerunt: [[aurum]], [[thus]], [[myrrha (incensum)|myrrham]]. 
[[Fasciculus:Meister von Meßkirch Dreikönigsbild.jpg|thumb|left|Tres magi, unus niger. Imago ca. annum 1538 picta.]]

Paulatim multae fabulae vel legenda de magis facta sunt, et magi postremo ut tres reges describebantur, qui tres terras [[continens|continentes]] tum notas [[Europa]]m, [[Asia]]m, et [[Africa]]m repraesentarent. Nomina horum magorum sunt [[Caspar]], [[Melchior]], [[Balthasar]], quae nomina forsitan inventa sunt ut litterae CMB explicarentur quae &quot;Christus Mansionem Benedicat&quot; dicere volunt. Unus horum magorum (saepe, non semper, Balthasar) ut niger describitur, qui Africam repraesentet, sed in America Hispanica saeculorum [[saeculum 17|septimi decimi]] et [[saeculum 18|duodevicensimi]] non ut niger, sed ut [[Indi Americani|indigena Americanus]]. 

Sancti Magi sunt [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]] [[patronus|patroni]]. Fama fert [[Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta|Flaviam Iuliam Helenam Augustam]] sanctam reliquias in [[Palaestina]] invenisse. Tum reliquiae magorum [[Mediolanum]] portatae sunt. Deinde [[Fridericus I Barbarossa]], Caesar Augustus, Mediolano expugnato, reliquias episcopo Coloniensi [[Rainaldus de Dassela|Rainoldo de Dassela]] dono dedit. Reliquiae [[23 Iulii]] anni [[1164]] Coloniam advenerunt; ex quo tempore Coloniae sunt. Mediolani in ecclesia sancti Eustorgii ingens arca lapidea adhuc exstat, in qua reliquiae horum trium magorum conditae erant, antequam Coloniam deportatae sunt.

[[Sollemnitas]] Magorum est in [[ecclesia catholica]] [[6 Ianuarii|6° Ianuarii]] (vel secundum [[calendarium]] [[paganismus|paganum]] a.d. VIII Idus Ianuarias) vel die [[Sollemnitas Epiphaniae Domini|Sollemnitatis Epiphaniae Domini]]. Hoc die parvuli vel [[ministrantes]] veste magorum induti ostia pulsant, hymnos cantant, poemata dicunt, mansionem ad omnem annum sequentem benedicunt et parvam pecuniam [[organizatio]]nibus caritativis precantur. In porta mansionis scribunt numerum anni et litteras benedictionis, exempli gratia MM+C+M+B+IX.

== Narratio Matthaei ==
Sic historia Magorum in Evangelio secundum Matthaeum narratur:
&lt;blockquote&gt;Cum autem natus esset Iesus in [[Bethlehem]] Iudaeae in diebus [[Herodes|Herodis]] regis, ecce Magi ab oriente venerunt [[Hierosolyma]]m dicentes: &quot;Ubi est, qui natus est, rex Iudaeorum? Vidimus enim [[stella]]m eius in oriente et venimus adorare eum&quot;. Audiens autem Herodes rex turbatus est et omnis Hierosolyma cum illo; et congregans omnes principes sacerdotum et scribas populi, sciscitabatur ab eis ubi [[Christus]] nasceretur. At illi dixerunt ei: &quot;In Bethlehem Iudaeae. Sic enim scriptum est per [[Prophetia Michaeae|prophetam]]: 'Et tu, Bethlehem terra [[Iuda]]e, nequaquam minima es in principibus Iudae; ex te enim exiet dux, qui reget populum meum Israel'&quot;. Tunc Herodes, clam vocatis Magis, diligenter didicit ab eis tempus stellae, quae apparuit eis; et mittens illos in Bethlehem dixit: &quot;Ite et interrogate diligenter de puero; et cum inveneritis, renuntiate mihi, ut et ego veniens adorem eum&quot;. Qui cum audissent regem, abierunt. Et ecce stella, quam viderant in oriente, antecedebat eos, usque dum veniens staret supra, ubi erat puer. Videntes autem stellam gavisi sunt gaudio magno valde. Et intrantes domum viderunt puerum cum [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Maria]] matre eius, et procidentes adoraverunt eum; et apertis thesauris suis, obtulerunt ei munera, [[aurum]] et [[tus]] et [[myrrha]]m. Et responso accepto in somnis, ne redirent ad Herodem, per aliam viam reversi sunt in regionem suam.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Nova Vulgata]] Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio'', [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_evang-matthaeum_lt.html#2 Matth. 2.1–12].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*&quot;[[Orientis Reges]]&quot;
*[[:Categoria:Reges Magi figurati]]
*[[Cingulum Orionis]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* [[Biblia]] Sacra iuxta [[Vulgata]]m [[Clemens VIII (papa)|Clementinam]]. Nova editio. Logicis partitionibus aliisque subsidiis ornata a Alberto Colunga, O.P., et Laurentio Turrado professoribus sacrae scripturae in P. Universitate Eccl. Salamanticensi. Quarta Editio. ''Biblioteca de autores Cristianos.'' [[Matritum|Matriti]] [[1965]].

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Three Wise Men|Magos}}
{{Fontes biographici}}

[[Categoria:Astrologia]]
[[Categoria:Reges Magi|!]]
[[Categoria:Greges humani enumerati|3]]</text>
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    <title>Formula:Movenda</title>
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'''Suadetur ut {{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}
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Sententiam tuam, quaesumus, profer in {{#if:{{{disputatio|}}}|[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{{disputatio}}}|pagina disputationis&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#128232;&lt;/sup&gt;]]|[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|pagina disputationis]]}}.

&lt;small&gt;Paginā motā, {{Nexus cum parametris|Specialis:Nexus ad paginam|redirectiones ad veterem titulum|target={{FULLPAGENAME}}|hidetrans=1|hidelinks=1}} corrigendae erunt.&lt;/small&gt;

{{Transl|
titulus=[[Image:English language.svg|24px|left|English language]] English|
corpus=It is proposed to move this page to [[{{{1}}}]]. Please give your opinion on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}{{#if:{{{disputatio|}}}|&amp;#35;{{{disputatio|}}}}}|talk page]].}}
{{Transl|
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{{Transl|
titulus=[[Image:Flag of Esperanto.svg|24px|left|Esperanto]] Esperanto|
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	}}|{{{1|}}}}}
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}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oryctolagus cuniculus</title>
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      <text bytes="6363" sha1="6p8s25p1sb0huj5agiqgnp185dic75q" xml:space="preserve">{{Videdis|Cuniculus (discretiva)}}
{{Taxobox
| image = Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2.jpg
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammalia]]
| ordo = [[Lagomorpha]]
| familia = [[Leporidae]]
| familia = [[Leporidae]]
| genus = '''Oryctolagus'''
| genus_authority = [[Gulielmus Lilljeborg|Lilljeborg]], 1873
| species = '''O. cuniculus'''
| species_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
}}
'''''Oryctolagus''''' est genus monotypum animalium cuius sola species est '''''Oryctolagus cuniculus''''', Latinitate communi '''cuniculus'''. [[Mammalia]] sunt [[Lagomorpha|lagomorpha]] familiae [[Leporidae|Leporidarum]], in [[Europa]] meridio-occidentali nativa. Domesticati sunt praecipue ad carnem producendum sed et in oblectamentum. Homines tam [[Homo neanderthalensis|neanderthalenses]] quam [[Homo sapiens|sapientes]] cuniculos silvaticos venabantur. Cuniculi a [[quattuor]] [[annus|annis]] ad [[decem]] annos vivunt.

== Cuniculi cultura ==
Nomen ''cuniculus'' a ''[[Cuniculus (aedificium)|cuniculo]]'' 'cavo' deducitur. Temporibus [[Roma]]nis, cuniculi edebantur, neque cicures in [[domicilium|domicilio]] ut nostra aetate alebantur. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]] dixit [[miles|milites]] Romanos in [[Hispania]] cuniculos edisse. Cuniculi in [[insula|insulis]] ad edendum a Romanis colebantur. Romanos delectabat cuniculos edere. [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]] scripsit multa de cuniculis collendis in ''[[De re rustica (Varro)|De Re Rustica]]''. [[Apicius sive De re coquinaria|Apicius]] dixit cuniculos meliores esse essu quam [[gallus|pullum]] vel etiam [[Porcus|porcellos]] teneros.&lt;ref&gt;Apicii ''De Re Coquinaria'' 2.2.6: 
:'''Isicia''' de pavo primum locum habent ita si fricta fuerint ut callum vincant. Item secundum locum habent de fasianis, item tertium locum habent de cuniculis, item quartum locum habent de pullis, item quintum locum habent de porcello tenero.&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Romanos etiam delectabat fetus cuniculos edere, quos appellabant &quot;'''laurices'''.&quot; In libro suo nomine ''[[Naturalis historia|Naturalis Historia]]'' [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinius]] ait: 
:''Leporum generis sunt et quos [[Hispania]] cuniculos appellat, fecunditatis innumerae famemque [[Insulae Baleares|Baliarum insulis]] populatis messibus adferentis. Fetus ventri exectos vel uberibus ablatos, non repurgatis interaneis, gratissimo in cibatu habent; laurices vocant.''
[[Fasciculus:Cuniculus domesticus.jpg|thumb|225px|left|[[Cuniculus domesticus]]]]

Tempore mediaevali in [[Europa]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholica]], non licebat homines edere carnem inter [[Quadragesima]]m neque in temporibus paenitentiae. [[Saeculum 6|Saeculo autem sexto]], nonnulli videntur laurices eis temporibus nihilominus eddere, nam [[Gregorius Turonensis]] in ''Historiis'' suis [http://thelatinlibrary.com/gregorytours/gregorytours5.shtml 5].4, de quodam Roccoleno (quem scelestum esse habebat) a [[Chilpericus I|Chilperico I]] rege misso, sic dixit: &quot;Erant enim dies sanctae quadraginsimae, in qua fetus cunicolorum saepe comedit.&quot; Sed post breve intervallum, [[Gregorius Magnus|Gregorius Papa I]] permisit lauricum essum, edicens eos non carnem esse, sed quasi fructus maritimos licitos.&lt;ref&gt;Bob D. Whitman, ''Domestic Rabbits &amp; Their Histories: Breeds of the World'' (Leawood Kansiae: Leathers Pub., 2004), cf. etiam [https://web.archive.org/web/20110709083239/http://www.albc-usa.org/cpl/rabbits.html American Livestock Breeds Conservancy: Rabbits]&lt;/ref&gt; Post hoc, [[monachus|monachi]] in [[monasterium|monastariis]] cuniculos in areolis muro cinctis colebant.

[[Saeculum 19|Saeculo undevicensimo]], multi homines divites in [[Gallia]] et [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britiannia]] colebant cuniculos mirabiles qui appellebantur ''Belgian Hare'' (&quot;Lepores Belgicos&quot;). Hi spectaculis certabant magno pretio. Anno [[1901]] cuniculus cui nomen erat ''FS Champion Fashoda'' venditus est 2000 [[dollarium|numorum Americanorum]]. Inter [[1890]] et [[1900]] multi cuniculi importabantur ad [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americam Foederatam]]. Nunc multi cuniculos colunt. Est in America Foederata sodalicium cuniculare cui nomen est ''American Rabbit Breeders Association,'' seu ARBA. Quae societas certamen habet, et concitat homines qui velint cuniculos colere et multas (48) varietates et innumeros colores cuniculorum comprobat.

== Cuniculi religionis ==
Cuniculus legatus deitatis et [[Ostrea]] et apud [[Sumiyoshi-taisha]].

[[Fasciculus:Rabbit burrow entrance.jpg|thumb|Aditus ad nidum cuniculorum]]
==Cuniculi ut animalia infesta==
In insulis [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceani Pacifici]] et aliis, ubi cuniculi ab Europaeis invecti sunt, animalibus carnivoris absentibus magnam calamitatem fecerunt, herbam omnem devorantes, ut iam solum evanesceret aliaeque species extinquerentur. Maxima calamitas de cuniculis in [[Australia]] fuit, ubi saeculo XX ineunte circa 20 [[millio]]num cuniculorum habitabant; tunc et [[Saepes contra cuniculos]] maxima aedificata est. Post annum 1950 [[virus (biologia)|viribus]] numerus cuniculorum minutus est, sed iam nunc in Australia et [[Nova Zelandia]] bellum biologicum contra cuniculos geritur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* E. Morin et al., &quot;[http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/3/eaav9106 New evidence of broader diets for archaic Homo populations in the northwestern Mediterranean]&quot; in ''[[Science]] Advances'' vol. 5 (6 Martii 2019)

{{NexInt}}
* [[Lepus]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Rabbits|cuniculos}}
* [http://www.arba.net/ American Rabbit Breeders Association]
* [http://www.rabbit.org/ House Rabbit Society]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080601034923/http://www.rabbitshows.com/ RabbitShows.com]
* [http://www.muridae.com/rabbits/rabbittalk.html The (mostly) silent language of rabbits]
* [http://world-rabbit-science.org/ World Rabbit Science Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110207044722/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/55521/the-year-of-the-rabbit#index/0 The Year of the Rabbit]
* [http://thelatinlibrary.com/gregorytours/gregorytours5.shtml Gregorii Turonensis ''Historiarum'' liber quintus]
* [http://thelatinlibrary.com/varro.rr3.html De Re Rustica 3.12]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}

[[Categoria:Leporidae]]
[[Categoria:Mammalia herbivora]]
[[Categoria:Monotypica mammalium genera]]
[[Categoria:Animalia venaticia]]
[[Categoria:Animalia domesticata]]</text>
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    <title>Ferdinandus de Soto</title>
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[[Fasciculus:DeSoto-Hernando-1791.jpeg|thumb|Ferdinandus Sotus.]]
[[Fasciculus:DeSoto Map HRoe 2008.jpg|thumb|[[Iter]] Ferdinandi Soti.]]

'''Ferdinandus Sotus'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ferdinandus Sotus&quot; {{Google Books|aNF18E4NZDEC|p. 153}} {{Google Books|vvPSjOUNcWEC|p. 86}}&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''de Soto''', &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ferdinandus de Soto&quot;: {{lexfons}} s.v. ''Florida''&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hispanice]] ''Hernando de Soto'' ([[1500]]–[[1542]]), [[conquisitatores Hispani|miles et explorator Hispanus]], [[Florida Hispanica|Floridam]] [[exploratio|exploravit]] et [[Missisippius Fluvius|flumen Missisippium]] primus {{Creanda|en|Ethnic groups in Europe|Greges ethnicae in Europa|Europaeus}} invenit. [[Extremadura]]e in [[nobilis|nobili]] [[familia]] natus, [[pecunia]] autem carens, ad [[America]]m profectus est, [[fortuna]]e obtinendae causa.

== Primum iter ad Americam ==
Anno [[1514]], Sotus fuit ad [[Cuba]]m et [[Panama]]m ut [[miles]] solum cum [[spatha]] et [[scutum|scuto]], sed anno [[1516]] fuit dux turmae [[eques|equitum]] in exploratione [[Nicaragua]]e et [[Honduria]]e.

Tunc, ab anno [[1528]] usque ad annum [[1536]] Sotus fuit dux expeditionis a [[litus|litore]] [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlantico]] ad [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceanum Pacificum]], et ita cum [[Franciscus Pizarro|Francisco Pizarro]] iter per [[Peruvia]]m fecit. Ibi Sotus [[Athaualpa]]m imperatorem invenit, et contra [[Imperium Incae|Incas]] pugnavit; quorum imperio deleto, Hispaniam cum 100&amp;thinsp;000 unciis [[aurum|auri]] redivit.

Cum in Hispania degeret, Sotus [[liber|librum]] [[Alvarus Nunnius Cabeza de Vaca|Alvari Nunnii Cabeza de Vaca]] de [[Florida]] et [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionali]] legit, unde cum parvo [[exercitus|exercitu]] ad has terras profectus est.

== Alterum iter ad Americam ==
Mense Maio anno [[1539]], Sotus cum 600 militibus, 24 [[sacerdos|sacerdotibus]], 29 [[navis|navibus]], et 220 [[eques|equitibus]] Floridam intravit.

=== [[Florida Hispanica|Florida]] ===
Sotus veluit{{dubsig}} urbem magnam simul [[Mexicopolis]] condere, sed Florida locos optimos carebat. Ibi Floridam exploravit et cum indis foedera creavit, ne in poenis [[Pamphilus de Narvaez|Pamphili de Narvaez]] incucurrisse. Sotus accepit auxilium [[Ioannes Ortiz|Ioannis Ortiz]], viri qui cum Narvaez ad Floridam profecti est, sed ab Indis captus erat.

=== Plus ultra ===
A Florida [[explorator]]es Hispanici per [[Georgia (CFA)|Georgiam]] et [[Carolina Meridionalis|Carolinam]] ambulaverunt anno [[1540]], [[aurum]] inveniendi causa. Tunc in loco Mauvila appellato, Indi auxilium Hispanis negaverunt et conquisitatores oppidum obsidione clauserunt et indiorum 6&amp;thinsp;000 fere occiderunt. Hispani autem victoriam Pyrrhicam acceperunt. Militibus fessis, expeditio ad meridionem prefecta{{dubsig}} est.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
; Fontes fere coaevi
* 1537 : [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carlos V]], &quot;Asiente y capitulación hechas por el capitán Hernando de Soto con el emperador Carlos V&quot; in {{qc|id= Smith, ed. (1857)}} {{Google Books|W5RWAAAAMAAJ|pp. 140-146}}
* c. 1543 : Luís Hernández de Biedma, &quot;Relación de la suceso del jornada que hizo Hernando de Soto y de la calidad de la tierra por donde anduvo&quot; in {{qc|id= Smith, ed. (1857)}} {{Google Books|W5RWAAAAMAAJ|pp. 47-64}}
* ante 1545 : Rodrigo Ranjel, diarium ([[Gundisalvus Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés|Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés]]; José Amador de los Ríos, ed.,  ''[[Historia general y natural de las Indias, islas y tierra-firme del mar Océano]]'' [vol. 1. Matriti: Real Academia de la Historia, 1851] [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125007267921/page/560/mode/1up p. 560 sqq.]
* 1557 : ''Relaçam verdadeira dos trabalhos que ho governador dom Fernando de Souto y certos fidalgos portugueses passarom no descobrimento da provincia da Frolida''. Eborae: Andrés de Burgos; [https://web.archive.org/web/20250608014654/https://almamater.uc.pt/item/56455 Textus] apud Conimbrigenses; [https://historyarchive.org/works/books/relacam-verdadeira-dos-trabalhos-que-ho-gouernador-dom-fernando-de-souto-1557 Textus] apud History Archive {{Google Books|8bg_AAAAYAAJ|Reimpressio 1844}}
* 1605 : [[Garcias Lasus Inca|Inca Garcilaso de la Vega]], ''La Florida del Ynca''. Olisipone: Pedro Crasbeeck [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000012387 Textus]; [https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/inca_garcilaso_de_la_vega/su_obra_florida/ aliter] {{Google Books|ep3QmNeIcLoC}}
* 1609 : [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hackluyt]], interpr., ''Virginia richly valued, by the description of the maine land of Florida ... out of the foure yeeres continuall trauell ... of Don Ferdinando de Soto ... by a Portugall gentleman of Elvas''. Londinii: Matthew Lownes; [https://archive.org/details/virginiarichlyva00knig/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://web.archive.org/web/20231026152108/https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/handle/20.500.12024/A12615 Recensio interretialis Oxoniensium] et [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A12615.0001.001/1:1?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Michiganensium] necnon [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/34997/34997-h/34997-h.htm incepti Gutenberg]

; Editiones fontium
* Edward Gaylord Bourne, ed.; Buckingham Smith, interpr., ''Narratives of the career of Hernando de Soto in the conquest of Florida, as told by a knight of Elvas, and in a relation by Luys Hernandez de Biedma factor of the expedition''. Novi Eboraci: Bradford Club, 1866 [https://archive.org/details/narrativesofcare01knig Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''
* Edward Gaylord Bourne, ed., ''Narratives of the career of Hernando de Soto ... together with an account ... based on the diary of Rodrigo Ranjel'' [editio aucta]. 2 voll. Novi Eboraci: A. S. Barnes, 1904; [https://archive.org/details/narrativesofcare01bouruoft/ vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/narrativesofcare02bouruoft/ vol. 2]
* Lawrence A. Clayton, Vernon J. Knight, Edward C. Moore, edd., ''The De Soto Chronicles: the Expedition of Hernando De Soto to North America in 1539-1543''. 2 voll. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996
* Peter Force, ed., ''Tracts and other papers relating principally to the origin, settlement and progress of the colonies in North America'' (Vasingtoniae, 1846) fasc. 4? {{Google Books|jD4VAAAAYAAJ|Textus huius fasciculi}}
* Benjamin Franklin French, ed., ''Historical collections of Louisiana ... part 2''. Philadelphiae: Daniels &amp; Smith, 1850 (insunt: &quot;An original letter of Hernando de Soto&quot;; &quot;Manuscript journal of the expedition of Hernando de Soto ... by Luis Hernandez de Biedma&quot;; &quot;Narrative of the expedition of Hernando de Soto ... translated by Richard Hackluyt&quot;; etc.) {{Google Books|Yk95AAAAMAAJ}} [https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbfr&amp;fileName=0008//rbfr0008.db&amp;recNum=128 Textus imperfectus apud Bibliothecam Congressus]
* William B. Rye, ed., ''The Discovery and conquest of Terra Florida by Don Ferdinando de Soto'' [etc.] Londinii: Hakluyt Society [https://archive.org/details/discoveryconques00ryewrich/ Textus]
* {{ec|id= Smith, ed. (1857)|c= Buckingham Smith, ed., ''Coleccion de varios documentos para la historia de la Florida y tierras adyacentes'' vol. 1. Londinii: Trübner, 1857) {{Google Books|W5RWAAAAMAAJ}} }}

; Eruditio
* Patricia Galloway, ed., ''Hernando de Soto''. Lincolniae: University of Nebraska, 1997
* Charles Moore, &quot;[https://rilzea.cialc.unam.mx/jspui/bitstream/CIALC-UNAM/A_CA327/1/CA_132_6.pdf Entre el silencio y el fracaso: la Relación “oficial” de Luis Hernández de Biedma sobre la exploración de Hernando de Soto en la Florida]&quot; in ''Cuadernos Americanos'' n.s. vol. 2, nº. 132 (2010) pp. 139-158
* José Rabasa, &quot;On writing back: alternative historiography in La Florida del Inca”,&quot; in ''Latin American identity and constructions of difference'' (Minneapoli: University of Minnesota, 1994) p. 135

== Nexus externi ==
* &quot;[https://earlyfloridalit.net/luys-hernandez-de-biedma-from-the-“relacion-de-la-isla-de-florida”/ Luys Hernández de Biedma, Relación de la Isla de Florida]&quot; apud ''Early Visions of Florida''

{{Lifetime|saeculo 15|1542|Sotus, Ferdinandus}}
[[Categoria:Conquisitatores Hispani]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Floridae]]
[[Categoria:Florida Hispanica]]
{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
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    <title>Quintus Aurelius Symmachus</title>
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      <text bytes="16332" sha1="kmldu7c9m7v06i51a7ec50ppw03i7z8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant.

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16443" sha1="0lgi1kt1eaud4wz0mmbqs6wnzhsh6m1" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
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'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16536" sha1="4ikb6rl5tje1am4ax290ipp4weaajct" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16749" sha1="lxwnkko7ola4o8qzpds3d25ql75xocy" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam et tres fratres&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt; habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16775" sha1="f9ufo5k9omglrh11xne353ukmki8ucb" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt; habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16764" sha1="4zmy7h75q1w16hm8vac2vl2w1a2g5h8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16835" sha1="d4t6xbzq9nt3kmgbc8qkrxnnokoaod8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse opperam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <comment>/* De homine litterato */</comment>
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      <text bytes="16834" sha1="qcx6mzdioicmjvdgfedlm72u2bvxu1b" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit Galla nomine quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''.  IV.7, 8, 12, 58, 59, 60, 63 etc. &lt;/ref&gt; et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16927" sha1="1feykpfrbey93fuuypkpdg6kfc2tmvo" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit ignoto nomine nomine&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VI.12, 67, 79&lt;/ref&gt; quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Non tamen inter senatores divites numerabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''.  IV.7, 8, 12, 58, 59, 60, 63 etc. &lt;/ref&gt; et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17008" sha1="shfsu73wrq6rc6c9emzbi1q82x0yh50" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit ignoto nomine nomine&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VI.12, 67, 79&lt;/ref&gt; quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Inter tamen senatores modice divites numerabatur et ad munera [[Praetor|praetoria]] filii sui duo milia argenti pondo erogavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''.  IV.7, 8, 12, 58, 59, 60, 63 etc. &lt;/ref&gt; et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17016" sha1="sif3fhp236ymddwi7mm4hfktxsmmqro" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit ignoto nomine nomine&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VI.12, 67, 79&lt;/ref&gt; quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Inter tamen senatores modice divites numerabatur et ad munera [[Praetor|praetoria]] filii sui duo milia argenti pondo erogasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''.  IV.7, 8, 12, 58, 59, 60, 63 etc. &lt;/ref&gt; et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17205" sha1="qiwihcr4841zrfu2viz1424s2mxw54m" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit ignoto nomine nomine&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VI.12, 67, 79&lt;/ref&gt; quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Inter tamen senatores modice divites numerabatur et ad munera [[Praetor|praetoria]] filii sui duo milia argenti pondo erogasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''.  IV.7, 8, 12, 58, 59, 60, 63 etc. &lt;/ref&gt; et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum)
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*JP Callu, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0223-5099_2006_ant_361_1_11709 En marge des vieux livres : les manuscrits perdus de Symmaque]&quot;, ''Revue d’histoire des textes'', 1976: 197-217 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17301" sha1="e93frgxu9h2n5ejd0fp6i3fh5so37q2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit ignoto nomine nomine&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VI.12, 67, 79&lt;/ref&gt; quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Inter tamen senatores modice divites numerabatur et ad munera [[Praetor|praetoria]] filii sui duo milia argenti pondo erogasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''.  IV.7, 8, 12, 58, 59, 60, 63 etc. &lt;/ref&gt; et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi)
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2013_num_82_1_3841_t17_0359_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*JP Callu, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0223-5099_2006_ant_361_1_11709 En marge des vieux livres : les manuscrits perdus de Symmaque]&quot;, ''Revue d’histoire des textes'', 1976: 197-217 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17396" sha1="18len7aidwl00izxdj8ks77gpdm513l" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG|thumb|Consecratio Symmachi (ut vulgo putatur). Nam hoc dimidium [[Diptychon consulare|diptychum]] [[ebur|eburneum]] [[Monogramma|monogramma]] Symmachorum fert et circa 400 scalptum est.]]
'''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus''' signo '''Eusebius''' (natus circa annum [[342]] - obiit anno [[402]]/[[403|3]]), filius [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus|Lucii Aurelii Avianii Symmachi]] fuit [[Senatus|senator]], [[consul]], [[praefectus urbi Romae]] annis [[384]] et [[385]] et orator. Vulgo pro opulentissimo oratore aetatis suae habitus absque nonnullis ipsi [[Cicero]]ni comparatus est&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ab adversariis ut [[Prudentius]], ''Contra Symmachum'': I.632-642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Notus est imprimis commendationis indulgentiae in omnes religiones causa, quam in controversia de ara Victoriae affirmavit.

== De familia ==
Primus ex illa gente avus Quinti Symmachi, Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus, [[Consul|consulatus]] insignia &quot;severitatis merito&quot; anno [[330]] accepit; nova familia igitur in ordine senatorio erant Symmachi. Eo magis praerogativas ordinis vindicare visi sunt. Quintus sororem unam&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VIII.49&lt;/ref&gt; et tres fratres habuit qui omnes ante ipsum obierunt&lt;ref&gt;Nam circa 380 de Celsino Titiano ita scripsit: ''tertius hic mihi de optimis fratribus luctus est'' (''ep''. III.6).&lt;/ref&gt;. Circa 370 Quintus Rusticianam, filiam praefecti [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus|Orfiti]], uxorem duxit. Filia eis fuit ignoto nomine nomine&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. VI.12, 67, 79&lt;/ref&gt; quae [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomacho Flaviano iuniori]] nupsit, ita adfinitatem inter duos e maximis scriptoribus illius aetatis firmans, et aliquanto postea filius [[Quintus Fabius Memmius Symmachus]] operum patris sui editor posthumus.

A maioribus multa [[Immobile|bona immobilia]] hereditario accepit: tres domus Romae, unam [[Capua (urbs antiqua)|Capuae]], quindecim [[villa|villas]] plerumque in Italia meridionali sitas,  praedia quoque in [[Samnium|Samnio]], [[Apulia]], [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]], [[Mauretania (discretiva)|Mauretania]]. Inter tamen senatores modice divites numerabatur et ad munera [[Praetor|praetoria]] filii sui duo milia argenti pondo erogasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;[[Olympiodorus Thebanus|Olympiodorus]], Fragmentum 44.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
* Annis incertis [[Quaestor|quaesturam]] et [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Circa idem tempus [[pontifex |pontifex maior]] cooptatus est&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.49, 51 ;II.53 ; IX.147-8.&lt;/ref&gt; nec aliud sacerdotium umquam suscepit, quamvis studiosus paganismi defensor&lt;ref&gt;CIL VI, 1699, stela a filio erecta quae cursum honorum Symmachi nobis servavit.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*364-5 tum cum pater [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] erat ipse corrector [[Lucania|Lucaniae]] et [[Bruttium|Brittiorum]] fit&lt;ref&gt;Cf ''Epistulae'' II.48.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Tum vetustissimas epistulas scribit quas quidem adhuc habeamus. 
* anno 369 [[Panegyricus|panegyricos]] [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] et [[Gratianus|Gratiani]] coram principibus pronuntiat&lt;ref&gt;''Orationes'' I-III.&lt;/ref&gt;. In Gallia apud Valentinianus usque ad annum 370 mansit ubi [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonium]] cognovit cuius amicitiam coluit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.14 et 32.&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox [[comes]] tertii ordinis renuntiatur.
* 373-4   [[Fasti proconsulum Africae|proconsul Africae]] fit, officium honorificum sine vera potentia&lt;ref&gt;CIL VIII, 24584 et 5347 inscriptiones in [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa]] repertae. Cf ''Epistulae'' VIII.5 et 20. X.1.2-3.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 376 Gratiani nuntium de morte [[Flavius Maximinus|Maximini]] in senatu recitat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.13 et X.2&lt;/ref&gt;. Die 9 Ianuarii orationem ''Pro Trygetio'' in senatu habuit gratias agens quod patrem plebe seditiosa expulsum honorifice revocassent&lt;ref&gt;''Oratio'' V. Cf ''Epistulae'' I.44&lt;/ref&gt;.
*377-8 Aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' I.20 et 85. III.47.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 382 legatus senatorum ad Gratianum missus [[Ara Victoriae|aram Victoriae]] in [[Curia Hostilia|curia]] restituendam poscere volebat sed aditu principis prohibitus est&lt;ref&gt;Ambrosius, ''Epistulae'' 17.10&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 384 [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] cum matre [[Iustina]] imperante [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus Urbi]] ''sub aestatis exordio''&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' 25.3&lt;/ref&gt; fit. Tum iterum arae Victoriae restitutionem petiit&lt;ref&gt;''Relatio'' tertia.&lt;/ref&gt; sed ab [[Ambrosius|Ambrosio]] episcopo victus est. Praeterea annonae angustiae eum ad magistratum deponendum incitaverunt (februario 385)&lt;ref&gt;Eventa huius praefecturae ab ipsius ''relationibus'' nota sunt. Vide etiam ''Epistulas'' II.36 et 55, III.28.&lt;/ref&gt;. In praefectura [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinum]] magistrum rhetoricae nominavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Confessiones]]'' V.13.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* anno 387 partes usurpatoris [[Magnus Maximus|Magni Maximi]] oratione quidem non armis&lt;ref&gt;[[Gennadius Scholasticus|Gennadius]], ''De Viris illustribus'' 49.&lt;/ref&gt; sequitur quo mox a Theodosio victo veniam quidem impetrat (et Theodosio in oratione gratias agebat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' II.13, 28, 30-32.&lt;/ref&gt;) sed eius dignitas aliquantum imminuta est&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 1008&lt;/ref&gt;. Revera [[Novatianus|Novatianorum]] intercessio  episcopi ei saluti fuerat.
* iamdiu orator disertissimus velut praeco senatorum erat et anno incerto [[princeps senatus]] publice nominatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Socrates Scholasticus]] V.14.6.&lt;/ref&gt;
* anno 390 cum Theodosio in gratiam redit et ad [[consul|consulatum ordinarium]] anni proximi designatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Prudentius]], [[Contra Symmachum]] I.622-5. Cf ''Epistulae'' II.62-4. V.15. IX.149. &lt;/ref&gt;
*anno 391 gratiarum actionem in aula Mediolani habet sed quia aram Victoriae memoravit a Theodosio ex urbe expellitur.
* annis 392-4 ab [[Eugenius|Eugenii]] [[Arbogastes|Arbogastis]]que usurpatione ipse abstinet sed filius quaestor, gener praefectus Urbi sunt et amicus Virius Nicomachus Flavius post cladem sibi mortem voluntariam conscivit.
*Usque ad annum 398 in umbra remanet. 396/7 aegrotavit&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' III.38-39, V.58 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, anno 398 plebe irata expulsus est ac postea revocatus&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' VI.66, VIII.64-5, IX.81.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab illo anno cursui honorum Memmi filii (sc. praeturae) operam dat&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''.  IV.7, 8, 12, 58, 59, 60, 63 etc. &lt;/ref&gt; et usque ad mortem [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichoni]] tum in Occidente dominanti satis propinquus est.

In summa munera honorifica multa absolvit, numquam tamen in aula apud principes vitam egit. Plerumque Romae aut in villis tempus litteris terebat. Itaque ad res magnas decidendas momentum non habuit.

== De homine litterato ==
E litteris igitur et facultate dicendi pleramque auctoritatem suam ducebat. In litteris ut in republica aut religione [[mos maiorum|morem maiorum]] imprimis venerabatur. Ita [[Vergilius|Vergilium]], [[Cicero|Ciceronem]], [[Titus Maccius Plautus|Plautum]], [[Publius Terentius Afer|Terentium]], [[Horatius|Horatium]] imprimis amat quorum sententiarum saepe in ''Epistulis'' meminit. Amplam bibliothecam sibi pararat: novimus enim apud Symmachum fuisse Titum Livium integrum quem emendare coeperat&lt;ref&gt;''Epistulae'' IX.13.&lt;/ref&gt;, necnon [[Plinius Maior|Plinium Maiorem]] aut ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Commentarios de Bello Gallico]]''. Ita quodam modo 'litteras classicas' iam invenerat quas spreta lingua suae aetatis colebat&lt;ref&gt;De Symmachi studiis vide G. Kroll(1891).&lt;/ref&gt; et litteras amatas ut posteris traderentur curabat. Librarii enim apud Symmachos textus duplicabant. Adulescentes suae aetatis quoque ad rhetoricam studendam hortabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.&lt;/ref&gt; et filio instituendo ipse operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;''Ep''. V.5 et VI.61&lt;/ref&gt;

In ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalibus]]''&lt;ref&gt;I.24.8.&lt;/ref&gt; Vergilium non tantum litterarum sed etiam [[Theologia|theologiae]] et [[ritus|rituum]] magistrum esse contendebat. Non minus enim a  novitatibus orientalibus in [[Polytheismus|polytheismum]]  nuper introductis abhorrebat quam a Christianismo. Vetus Romanus volebat esse.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes ==
*[[Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/foto/F010361 VI, 1699] ; VIII, 24584 ; VIII, 5347
*[[Ambrosius]], ''Epistulae'' XVII et XVIII
*[[Libanius]], ''Epistula'' 1004.
* [[Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]''
*[[Aurelius Prudentius Clemens|Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]''

== Editiones criticae et commentarii ==
[[Fasciculus:Base statua di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|CIL VI, 1699 = basis statuae a filio Memmio patri in [[Mons Caelius|monte Caelio]] erectae ubi eorum domus erat: cursum honorum brevem legere licet.]]
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: J.P. Callu, ''Symmaque. Correspondance.'' Les Belles Lettres, 1972-2002 (quattuor tomi) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1973_num_42_1_1704_t1_0288_0000_5 Recensio critica]
** ''Symmaque. Discours. Rapports'', ibidem, 2009 (tomus V operum) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2013_num_82_1_3841_t17_0359_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*	 Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, ''Commento storico al libro II dell'Epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : con introduzione, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2003/2003.11.17 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2004_num_73_1_2554_t1_0408_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/84769725/Giovanni_Alberto_Cecconi_Commento_storico_al_libro_II_dellepistolario_di_Q_Aurelio_Simmaco_Con_introduzione_testo_traduzione_e_indici Tertia recensio critica]
*Maria Lubello, ''[https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/5f4d48db-5049-487b-ac42-4092ba20a52a/Lubello_Maria_Commento_storico_libri_VII-VIII_2024.pdf Commento storico ai libri VII e VIII dell’epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, testo, traduzione, commento storico]'', Florentiae, 2024 [https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1374992 Dissertatio academica]
* 	Arnaldo Marcone, ''Commento storico al libro IV dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1987 
** Commento storico al libro VI dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco: Introd., commento storico, teste, traduzione, indici, Pisae, 1983
*Andrea Pellizzari, ''Commento storico al libro III dell epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco. Introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1983. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2003_num_72_1_2530_t1_0416_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Paola Rivolta Tiberga, ''Commento storico al libro V dell'epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione, indici'', Pisae, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1996_num_65_1_1262_t1_0346_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Sergio Roda, ''Commento storico al libro IX dell' epistolario di Q. Aurelio Simmaco : introduzione, commento storico, testo, traduzione e indici'', Pisae, 1981
*	Domenico Vera, ''Commento storico alle &quot;relationes&quot; di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco: introduzione, commento, testo, traduzione, appendice sul libro X, 1-2, indici'', Pisae, 1981

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Philippe Bruggisser, ''Symmaque ou le rituel épistolaire de l'amitié littéraire. Recherches sur le premier livre de la correspondance'', Fribourg, 1993 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1995_num_64_1_1237_t1_0337_0000_2 Recensio critica] 
*JP Callu, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0223-5099_2006_ant_361_1_11709 En marge des vieux livres : les manuscrits perdus de Symmaque]&quot;, ''Revue d’histoire des textes'', 1976: 197-217 
*Nicolas Cavuoto-Denis, ''Vsus scribendi : le projet littéraire de Symmaque dans les Lettres, les Discours et les Rapports'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/71771621/Vsus_scribendi_le_projet_litt%C3%A9raire_de_Symmaque_dans_les_Lettres_les_Discours_et_les_Rapports Summarium]
*Octavius Clason, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=QywUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Symmachi epistularum codice Parisino]'', Bonnae, [1867]  '''LATINE''' 
*Gerd Haverling, ''Studies on Symmachus' Language and Style'', [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]], 1988 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1990_num_59_1_2300_t1_0385_0000_2 Recensio critica]
* Gaëlle Hébert de la Portbarré-Viard,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2018_num_197_1_1925 Symmaque dans le ''Contra Symmachum'' de Prudence : enjeux et significations d’une mise à mort littéraire]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2018: 148-172 
*	Bettina Hecht, ''Störungen der Rechtslage in den Relationen des Symmachus : Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in Rom 384/385 n. Chr'', Berolini, 2006 [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7767/zrgra.2008.125.1.775/html Recensio critica]
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/864/mode/2up 865-871]
*	R. Klein, Symmachus, ''Eine tragische Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 1971 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1972_num_74_1_3927_t1_0322_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*	Otto Koren, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=4akiGJ2DkE8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Quaestiones Symmachianae]'', Vindobonae, 1874 '''LATINE'''
*Guilelmus Kroll, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024459482&amp;seq=5 De Q. Aurelii Symmachi studiis graecis et latinis]'', Vratislaviae, 1891 '''LATINE'''
*	Federico Lizzani, ''Il patrimonio di Q. Aurelius Symmachus a Roma e nel Lazio : una restituzione archeologica dall'epistolario'',  Romae, &quot;L'Erma&quot; di Bretschneider, 2024 ISBN 	978-88-913-3294-3
*John Alexander McGeachy, ''Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and the Senatorial Aristocracy of the West'', University of Chicago, 1942
* Jill Mitchell, ''[https://www.academia.edu/118514477/The_Religious_world_of_Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]'', Trivent Publishing, 2021
*Eugenius Morin,  	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=6c9gM4kqQkIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false  Disquisitio chronologica de dimidia altera quarti saeculi parte juxta Symmachum]'', Parisiis, excudebat Panckoucke, 1847 '''LATINE'''
*	F. Paschoud (curator), ''Colloque genevois sur Symmaque : à l'occasion du mille six centième anniversaire du conflit de l'autel de la Victoire'', [1984], Les Belles lettres, 1986
*Michele Renee Salzman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the &quot;Barbarian&quot; Generals]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367
* Ernestus Theodorus Schulze,	''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=hIhHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Q. Aurelii Symmachi vocabulorum formationibus ad sermonem vulgarem pertinentibus]'', Halis Saxonum, 1884  '''LATINE''' 
* Ramón Teja, ''La más antigua polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa: el debate entre San Ambrosio de Milán y el senador Símaco sobre el Altar de la Victoria'', Matriti, 2023 ISBN 978-84-19782-23-6 
*Cristiana Sogno, ''Q. Aurelius Symmachus : a political biography'',  University of Michigan Press, 2006 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=N3qFtZRLuXgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*L. M. A. Viola, ''Quinto Aurelio Simmaco : lo splendore della romanitas : la perfezione dell'uomo religioso romano-italiano e la costituzione della civiltà universale della pace'', Forii, Victrix, 2010 [https://bibcatalogo.uca.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=870445&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=2642939]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Controversia de ara Victoriae]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus Quintum Aurelium Symmachum] spectant
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Libri_Decem_Epistolarum Libri decem epistolarum apud Vicifontem]
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3292.html De Quinto Aurelio Symmacho in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, p. 959] (???? nexus falsus)
* [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~Harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Symmachus/sym_re03.html Tertia Relatio Symmachi]
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_6_1/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Editio Ottonis Seeck, Q''. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt'' ] in Monumenta Germaniae Historica - (dMGH) 
* {{BBKL|s/s4/symmachus_a|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=SYMMACHUS EUSEBIUS, Q. AURELIUS|tomus=11|columnae=363-366}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090814190634/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/sym-amb/ambrepf.html Ambrosius, Epistulae xvii et xviii]

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores= [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] IV et [[Flavius Neoterius]]|
annus= 391&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus|Flavio Eutolmio Tatiano]]|
successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] II et [[Flavius Rufinus]]}}


{{Lifetime|saeculo 4|402|Aurelius Symmachus, Quintus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Gens Symmachia]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Gens Aurelia]]</text>
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    <title>De remediis secretis</title>
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[[Imago:Conrad Gesner by Tobias Stimmer2.jpg|thumb|Conradus Gesnerus]]

{{tres|''Thesaurus Euonymi Philiatri '''de remediis secretis'''''}} est titulus libri cuiusdam de proprietatibus [[aqua vitae|aquae vitae]] ab erudito [[Helvetia|Helvetico]] [[Conradus Gesnerus|Conrado Gesnero]] conscripto et sub nomine ficticio [[Euonymus Philiatrus|Euonymi Philiatri]] edito [[Tigurum|Tiguri]] [[Latine]] anno [[1552]], [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]] [[Francogallice]] anno [[1555]]. Post mortem Gesneri librum alterum de eadem re e manuscriptis edidit {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Casparus Wolphius||d|qid=Q52153982}}, qui in titulo eius libri nomina Gesneri et “Euonymi” coniunxit. 

== Editiones et versiones ==
[[Fasciculus:Thesaurus Evonymi Philiatri 1552 tp.jpg|thumb|Prima editio ''Thesauri Evonymi Philiatri'' a Conrado Gesnero scripta, anno [[1552]] sine nomine auctoris divulgata. Exemplar ab ipso auctore “[[Henricus Bullingerus|Henrycho Bullingero]] patrono” dono datum (Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Md E 377)]] 
[[Fasciculus:Tresor de Evonime Philiatre des Remedes secrets. Livre Physic, Medical, Alchymic, et Dispensatif de toutes substantiales liqueurs, et appareil de vins de diverses saveurs (IA BIUSante 05035).pdf|thumb|Versio Francogallica [[[[Barptolemaeus Anulus|Barptolemaei Anuli]] (1555) titulus]]
[[Fasciculus:Gesner, Konrad – Tesauro di Euonomo Filatro de rimedii secreti, 1556 – BEIC IE9033455.jpg|thumb|Versio Italiana [[Petrus Laurus|Petri Lauri]] (1556): titulus]]
; Textus Latinus
* 1552 : ''Thesaurus Euonymi Philiatri De remediis secretis,liber physicus, medicus et partim etiam chymicus, &amp; oeconomicus in vinorum diuersi saporis apparatu, medicis &amp; pharmacopolis omnibus praecipue necessarius, nunc primum in lucem editus'' [http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-5458 Textus]
* 1554 : ''Thesaurus Euonymi philiatri De remediis secretis, liber physicus, medicus et partim etiam chymicus, &amp; oeconomicus in vinorum diversi saporis apparatu, medicis &amp; pharmacopolis omnibus praecipue necessarius, nunc primum in lucem editus'' [http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-8218 Textus]
* 1557 : ''Thesaurus Euonymi Philiatri de remediis secretis; liber physicus, medicus et partim etiam chymicus et oeconomicus in vinorum diversi saporis apparatu, medicis et pharmacopolis omnibus praecipue necessarius'' [http://cisne.sim.ucm.es/search*spi?/Xremediis+secretis&amp;searchscope=4&amp;SORT=DZ/Xremediis+secretis&amp;searchscope=4&amp;SORT=DZ&amp;extended=0&amp;SUBKEY=remediis%20secretis/1%2C2%2C2%2CB/frameset&amp;FF=Xremediis+secretis&amp;searchscope=4&amp;SORT=DZ&amp;extended=0&amp;SUBKEY=remediis%20secretis&amp;2%2C2%2C Textus] (imprime “libro completo”); [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k542355 Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1569 : ''Euonymus Conradi Gesneri medici et philosophi Tigurini de remediis secretis'' [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/1518128 Textus] apud ''E-rara''

; Versiones
* 1555 : [[Barptolemaeus Anulus|Barthélemy Aneau]], interpr., ''Tresor de Evonime Philiatre des remedes secretz: livre physic, medical, alchymic, et dispensatif de toutes substantiales liqueurs, et appareil de vins de diverses saveurs, necessaire à toutes gens, principallement à medecins, chirurgiens et apothicaires''; [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/cote?05035 Textus] apud ''BIU Santé''; [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_05035 idem exemplar alibi]
* 1555 : Ioannes Rudolphus Landberger, interpr., ''Ein köstlicher teürer Schatz Evonymi Philiatri''. Tiguri: Andreas Gessner; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11218972?page=,1 Textus apud Monacenses]
** 1582 : Ioannes Rudolphus Landberger, interpr., ''Der erster Theil deß köstlichen vnnd theuren Schatzes Euonymi Philiatri''. Tiguri? [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10164427?page=1 Textus apud Monacenses]; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11841152?page=,1 aliud exemplar]
** 1608 : Ioannes Rudolphus Landberger, interpr., ''Köstlicher Artzneyschatz dess wolerfarnen unnd weythberümpten Evonymi Philiatri''. Tiguri; [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/3191427 Textus apud e-rara]
* 1556 : [[Petrus Laurus|Pietro Lauro]], interpr., ''Tesauro di Evonomo Filatro de rimedi secreti: libro fisico et medicinale''. In Venetia: Gioan Battista et Marchion Sessa; [https://preserver.beic.it/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE9033455 Textus] 
** 1560 : Pietro Lauro, interpr., ''Tesauro di Evonomo Filatro de rimedi secreti: libro fisico et medicinale''; {{Google Books|2d0_7IdQG4gC}}
** 1588 : Pietro Lauro, interpr., ''Tesauro di Evonomo Filatro de rimedi secreti: libro fisico et medicinale''; [https://books.google.fr/books/ucm?vid=UCM5309434270 textus apud Google Books]; [https://patrimoniodigital.ucm.es/s/patrimonio/item/582447 apud BCM]; [http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=351445&amp;do=livre Editio interretialis]
* 1559 : [[Petrus Morwen|Peter Morwyng]], interpr., ''The Treasure of Euonymus, conteyninge the wonderfull hid secretes of nature''; [https://archive.org/details/b30335000_0001/ Textus partim manu scriptus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30335000/ aliud exemplar imperfectum]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20211205164043/https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/handle/20.500.12024/A01662 editio interretialis]
** 1565 : Peter Morwyng, interpr., ''A new booke of destillatyon of waters, called the Treasure of Euonymus ...''; [https://archive.org/details/b30334998_0002/page/n1/mode/2up Textus sine indice]; [https://archive.org/details/b30334998_0001 aliud exemplar sine indice]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_a-new-booke-of-destillat_gesner-conrad_1565 aliud aegre legibile sed cum indice rerum]

; “Pars secunda” e Gesneri schedis a Casparo Wolphio edita
* 1569 : {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Casparus Wolphius||d|qid=Q52153982}}, ed., ''Euonymus Conradi Gesneri medici et philosophi Tigurini de remediis secretis pars secunda; nunc primum opera et studio Caspari VVolphii medici, physici Tigurini in lucem editus''; [https://bibulyon.hypotheses.org/17006 Textus]
* 1583 : Casparus Wolphius, ed.; Johan. Jacob Nüscheler, interpr., ''Ander Theil des Schatzs Euonymi von allerhand kunstl. u. bewerten Oelen, Wasseren, u. heiml. Artzneyen''. Tiguri: Josias Gesner; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10164428?page=,1 Textus]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Libri de medicamentis aevo litterarum renatarum scripti]]

== Bibliographia ==
* Ken Albala, ''The Banquet'' (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007. ISBN 0-252-03133-4) pp. 112-115.
* Urs Leo Gantenbein, “A Paracelsian Parallel: Conrad Gessner on Medical Alchemy” in Urs B. Leu, Peter Opitz, edd., ''Conrad Gessner (1516-1565). Die Renaissance der Wissenschaften / The Renaissance of Learning'' (Berolini: Walter de Gruyter, 2019) pp. 273-294
* Daniel Régnier-Roux, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20260721174934/https://bbf.enssib.fr/revue-enssib/consulter/revue-2014-02-009 Les éditions lyonnaises entre 1554 et 1559 du Trésor des remèdes secrets de Conrad Gessner]” in ''BBF'' n° 2 (2014)

== Nexus externi ==
* Livia Rapatel, “[https://bibulyon.hypotheses.org/17006 Le second Trésor des remèdes secrets]” apud ''Interfaces''

[[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]]
[[Categoria:Libri de aqua ardente]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]]
[[Categoria:Helvetiae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Conradus Gesnerus]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1552]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1569]]</text>
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    <title>Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus</title>
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'''Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus''' (mortuus [[Bononia]]e mense Aprili anni [[43 a.C.n.]]) in [[res publica Romana |re publica Romana antiqua]] fidelissimus [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iuli Caesaris]] fautor fuit. Post Caesarem necatum, [[consul]] anno [[43 a.C.n.]] cum [[Aulus Hirtius|Aulo Hirtio]] adversus [[Marcus Antonius|Marcum Antonium]] pugnavit.

== De familia ==
Gaius [[Gens Vibia|Vibius]] filius erat senatoris cuiusdam Caetronii a Lucio [[Sulla|Sylla]] [[dictator]]e [[Proscriptio|proscripti]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] 45.17.&lt;/ref&gt; quod [[Gaius Marius|Marianas]] partes, ut [[Gaius Iulius Caesar]] ipse, secutus esset (unde cognomen Caetronianus). Sed a [[Gaius Vibius Pansa|Gaio Vibio Pansa]] adoptatus est qui magistratus monetalis circa annum [[90 a.C.n.]] fuit et ab eo tria nomina sumpsit. Uxorem autem duxit filiam [[Quintus Fufius Calenus|Quinti Fufii Kaleni]] consulis anni [[47 a.C.n.]]

== Ante necem Caesaris ==
Iam in [[Gallia]] [[proconsul]]i Caesari adfuisse videtur ac postea ei fidelis remansit: de gestis eius tamen perpauca scimus. Anno [[51 a.C.n.]] [[tribunus plebis]] fuit atque senatusconsultis pluribus, quae Caesari displicebant, intercessit. Praetorem anno [[48 a.C.n.]] eum fuisse documento est [[denarius]] eo anno percussus ex una parte exhibens theatralem personam dei [[Pan]]is cum titulo PANSA (qua effigie pater eius iam usus erat: nam nomen dei ad nomen magistratus monetalis alludit), ex altera parte [[Iupiter|Iovem]] Anxurum adulescentem ac imberbem sedentem et sceptrum tenentem cum titulo C.VIBIUS.C.F.C.N&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lesdioscures.com/1434vi-denier-vibia/ Nummus apud lesdioscures.com]&lt;/ref&gt; (id est &quot;Gai filius Gai nepos&quot;) IOVIS AXVR&lt;ref&gt;De nummis Vibii Pansae vide Ernest Babelon, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9738857c.texteImage Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la République romaine]'', 1885 : Vibia 16-22.  Unde fortasse colligere licet gentem Caetroniam (e qua monetarius ille in gentem Vibiam adoptatus erat) e [[Terracina]] oriundam fuisse, ubi templum huic Iovi dedicatum erat.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post praeturam Caesar ei [[provincia]]s regendas mandavit [[Bithynia et Pontus|Pontum-Bithyniam]] anno [[47 a.C.n.|47-]]46 a.C.n. ac postea anno [[45 a.C.n.]] [[Gallia Cisalpina|Galliam Cisalpinam]].

Caesare occiso, iam a [[dictator]]e ad consulatum anni [[43 a.C.n.]] una cum [[Aulus Hirtius|Aulo Hirtio]] amico ac familiari designatus erat&lt;ref&gt;[[Nicolaus Damascenus]], [[Vita Augusti (Nicolaus)|de Vita Augusti]]  XXII.77 (fragmentum 130)&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Post necem Caesaris ==
Post [[idus]] Martias [[44 a.C.n.]] partes utraeque consules designatos ambierunt, praecipue tamen coniuratorum partes cum [[Marcus Iunius Brutus|Bruto]] et [[Cicero]]ne qui omnem spem suam in [[consul]]ibus anni [[43 a.C.n.]] ponebant; nam de praesentibus consulibus [[Marcus Antonius|Antonio]] ac [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 a.C.n.)|Dolabella]] nihil habebant quod sperarent. Ita Pansa et [[Aulus Hirtius|Hirtius]], qui usque ad illud tempus in umbra Caesaris obscuri egerant,
in Reipublicae lucem venerunt atque  legationes plurimas de concordiae et otii condicionibus inter inimicos et adversarios cives susceperunt. Quamquam enim ad [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesarianas partes]] inclinabant, tamen homines moderati esse videbantur ac  [[Cicero]]nem valde diligebant, in cuius villa declamationibus atque artis exercitationibus oratoriae delectabantur, cum invicem magnum [[orator]]em saepe ad cenandum invitarent (nam rure vicini erant). Itaque amicitia [[Cicero]]nis a [[Marcus Antonius|Marco Antonio]] paulatim alienati fuisse creduntur.

Certe initio anni [[43 a.C.n.]] in senatus potestate fuerunt: [[Aulus Hirtius|Hirtius]] cum exercitu ad [[Mutina]]m profectus est, cum Vibius Pansa Romae maneret atque diu vehementissimis adversus Antonium orationibus  [[Cicero]]nis (&quot;Philippicis&quot; dictis) in senatu  moderaretur, dum legationis ad Antonium de pacis condicionibus mittendae auctor est nec eum statim hostem publicum iudicari patitur. 

Postremo tamen et ipse ad [[Mutina]]m cum quatuor tironum [[legio]]nibus mense Martio iter fecit. Ad eius exercitum firmandum [[Aulus Hirtius|Hirtius]]  de suis copiis  legionem Martiam atque cohortes praetorias ei misit. Sed Antonius, cum  exercitum Pansae novam et inexpertam esse videret, eum in itinere adgredi constituit antequam copias suas  cum exercitu [[Aulus Hirtius|Hirtii]] coniungeret. Itaque ad Forum Gallorum, dissimulatis in vico duabus  legionibus quas secum habebat, equitatum ac levem armaturam ostentavit ut hostem superiorem se fingentem in pugnam alliceret. Tum [[legio]] Martia et cohortes praetorianae impetum in hostes fecerunt, invitis legatis (ut saltem ipsi legati post cladem rettulerunt). Hoc tempore [[legio]]nes Antonianae e latebris exierunt atque legionem Martiam et cohortes praetorias deleverunt. Castra etiam Vibii Pansae expugnare frustra conatae sunt, dum tirones fortiter resistunt atque eos repellunt. At consul Vibius Pansa saucius post paucos dies moritur non sine suspicione veneni per medicum adhibiti. Nonnulli auctores [[Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus Augustus|Octavianum]] veneficii huius accusare non dubitaverunt, ut [[Suetonius]] rettulit: nam consulibus ambobus occisis via ei libera erat ad consulatum et postea ad principatum.

Pansa et [[Aulus Hirtius|Hirtius]] eius collega funere publico a [[Senatus Romanus|senatu]] honorati sunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes in litteris ==
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], libro tertio ''Bellorum civilium'' 22-311.
* [[Cicero]], ''Brutus'', capitulo 218.
** ''Epistulae ad Atticum'' : XIV,11,19-20 et XVI,1.
** ''Epistulae ad Brutum'' : I,3,5,6,10 et II,3-4
** ''Epistulae ad familiares'' VI,12 ; VII,12 ; VIII,8 ; X,30 ; XII,2,5 et 7 ; XVI,27.
** ''Philippicae'' : VIII,1 ; X,17 ; XI,21-24 ; XII,6 et 18 ; XIV passim.
*[[Dio Cassius]] libris XLV et XLVI ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae]]'' passim.
* [[Frontinus]], libro secundo ''Strategematon'' V,39.
*[[Plutarchus]], ''Cicero'' 43 et 45 et ''Antonius'' 17.
* [[Quintilianus]], libro duodecimo de ''Institutione oratoria'', capite undecimo (6).
* [[Suetonius]], ''Vita Divi Augusti'', 10-11.
* [[Valerius Maximus]] libro quinto ''Factorum dictorumque memorabilium'', capite secundo, exemplum decimum.
* [[Velleius Paterculus]], libro secundo ''Historiae Romanae'', capitulis 57, 61 et 62.

== Fontes in lapidibus ==
*Dessau (H.), ''Inscriptiones Latinae selectae'', numero 8890.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250123165748/https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_url.php?s_sprache=de&amp;p_publication=CIL%2006%2C%2037077&amp;r_sortierung=Belegstelle Textus]

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Franciscus Hinard, '[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4432956 Vibius Pansa ou Caetronius ?]', ''Mnemosyne'', 1999(52) : 202-206.
*Marcellus Meulder, '[http://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1995_num_21_2_2657 C. Vibius Pansa : un guerrier impie selon Auguste]' in ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne''  1995(21) : 247-273 
*F. X. Ryan, 'C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, and His Fathers', ''Mnemosyne'' 1996(49) : 186-188 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4432592?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG177565 Nummi Pansae Caetroniani] in Museo Britannico
*[[Vicimedia Communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gaius_Vibius_Pansa_Caetronianus Vibium Pansam Caetronianum] spectant
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 a.C.n.)|Publius Cornelius Dolabella]] et [[Marcus Antonius]] I|
annus= 43 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Aulus Hirtius|Aulo Hirtio]] |
successores= [[Octavianus|Octavianus Caesar]] et [[Quintus Pedius]]}}

{{Lifetime|saeculo 2 aut 1 a.C.n.|43 a.C.n.|Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, Gaius}}
[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Vibia|Pansa Caetronianus, Gaius]]
[[Categoria:Proconsules Galliae Cisalpinae]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (44-30 a.C.n.)]]</text>
      <sha1>rjdva526t7phm0o0kpm7z5jy5phf1d3</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Emma Göring</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="995" sha1="pwn7pv1iylipl6vu3ls91q97qbkg1hk" xml:space="preserve">''' Emma Göring''' (nata ''Emma Johanna Henny Sonnemann'' [[Hamburgum|Hamburgi]] die [[24 Martii]] [[1893]] - mortua die [[8 Iunii]] [[1973]] [[Monacum|Monaci]]) fuit [[actrix]] [[Germania|Germanica]] et [[Hermannus Göring|Hermanni Göring]] secunda [[uxor]], cui die [[10 Aprilis]] [[1935]] nupsit.

== Lege etiam ==

* Anna Maria Sigmund: ''Die Frauen der Nazis''. Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, 7. Aufl., Monaci 2000.
* Emmy Göring: ''An der Seite meines Mannes'', Nation Europa Verlag, Coburgi 2007, ISBN 978-3-920677-67-5.

== Nexus externi ==

* {{Imdb name|0351423|Emma Göring}}
{{PND|118540149|nomen=Emma Göring aut de Emmae Göring}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012140736/http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1011 Imagines Emmae Göring]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goring, Emma}}

[[Categoria:Actores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1893]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1973]]
[[Categoria:Mulieres]]
[[Categoria:Propinqui hominum clarorum]]
[[Categoria:Fascismus in Germania]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Etruscae insulae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55790</id>
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      <comment>Signum categoriae correxi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2576" sha1="da4thu78closvh42ng378orwqrz8wid" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Elba isl.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ilva]] insula e [[Satelles artificialis|satellite]] visa]]
[[Fasciculus:Arcipelago Toscano.png|thumb|300px|[[Archipelagus]] Tuscus]]

{{res|Etruscae insulae}} (''Tusciae insulae''{{dubsig}}) vel {{res|Archipelagus Tuscus}}{{dubsig}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Arcipelago Toscano'') sunt insulae [[Italia|Italicae]], in [[Mare Tyrrhenicum|Tyrrheno mari]], ad occidentem [[Tuscia]]e atque ad orientem [[Corsica]]e iacentes. Sunt septem insulae maiores, pluresque minores. Maxima est [[Ilva]], quae a temporibus [[praehistoria|praehistoricis]] habitatur.

==Insulae==
=== Maiores ===
Insulae Etruscae maiores sunt:
* [[Urgo]] insula sive Gorgon ac Marmorica
* [[Aegilos]] insula sive [[Capraria]]
* [[Ilva]] insula sive Aethalia
* [[Planasia (Italia)|Planasia]] insula
* [[Oglasa]] (Ocrasia) sive Mons Iovis deinde Mons Christus
* [[Igilium]] insula
* [[Dianium]] insula sive Gautam

===Minores===
Insulae Etruscae minores sunt&lt;ref&gt;Histoire naturelle de Caius Plinius Secundus, Volume 3 [http://books.google.it/books?id=Qo5bAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;lpg=PA150&amp;dq=Venaria+Cervoli&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=5fPY3yAwnp&amp;sig=KUinLuKBoYXTxaQz2wv5CwlYj5k&amp;hl=it&amp;ei=W6jJS-jBFYaAOKS9pPAF&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CAsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Venaria%20Cervoli&amp;f=false Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Bibliothèque Latine-Française, Volume 73 [http://books.google.it/books?id=_toPAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;lpg=PA150&amp;dq=Isola+Columbaria+palmaiola&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=glVzpMI2_C&amp;sig=f577iN1qSnA3os6s0j9xBYGlh7c&amp;hl=it&amp;ei=PqPJS4u_KI6VOL7LrNIF&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Isola%20Columbaria%20palmaiola&amp;f=false Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;:
* [[Venaria]] insula (alia nomina: Carbania, Cerbania, Harpona, Cervulis),
* [[Palmariola]] (alia nomina: Artemisa, Columbaria) insula),
* [[Barpanae]],
* [[Formicola Montis Christi]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Scoglio d'Africa|Scoglio d'Africa]]''),
* [[Formicola Buranensis]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Formica di Burano|Formica di Burano]]''),
* [[Argentarola]] insula (Italiane: ''[[:it:Isola Argentarola|Isola Argentarola]]''),
* [[Scoliae Insulae]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Le Scole|Le Scole]]''),
* [[Maenaria insula]] seu Meloria,
* [[Brascuola]] insula, 
* [[Troia (insula)|Troia]] insula, (Italiane: ''[[:it:Isolotto dello Sparviero|Isolotto dello Sparviero]]'').

{{NexInt}}
* [[Argentarius mons]]
* [[Cosmopolis]]
* [[Provincia Liburnensis]]
* [[Provincia Grossetana]]

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Tuscan Archipelago|Etruscas insulas}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Etruscae insulae| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bernardus Riemann</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1483" sha1="bqltt7v6mbmyuydfocw8ncfrxqte1by" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Georgius Fridericus Bernardus Riemann''' (natus die [[17 Septembris]] [[1826]] in [[Breselenz]] (hodie pars communis [[Jameln]]) iuxta [[Danneberga]]m; mortuus die [[20 Iulii]] [[1866]] [[Selasca]]e [[Verbania]]e vici [[Lacus Verbanus|Lacui Verbano]] adiacentis) fuit [[mathematicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] qui [[analysis mathematica|analysis]], [[theoria numerorum|theoriae numerorum]], geometriae [[calculus differentialis|diferentialis]] et [[topologia]]e peritus fuit.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Functio zeta Riemanniana]]
* [[Hypothesis Riemanniana]]
* [[Relativitas generalis]]
* [[4167 Riemann]]

== Nexus externi ==

{{Communia|Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann|Bernardum Riemann}}
{{PND|118600869|nomen=Bernardi Riemann aut de Bernardo Riemann}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161116130055/http://haftendorn.uni-lueneburg.de/mathe-lehramt.htm?show=http%3A%2F%2Fhaftendorn.uni-lueneburg.de%2Fgeschichte%2Friemann%2Friemann.htm Bernardi Riemann biographIA a Dörte Haftendorn scripta, Universitas Luneburgensis]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080323084044/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Riemann.html Biographia apud] Mc Tutor {{Ling|Anglice}} 
* [http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/helios/fachinfo/www/math/htmg/riemann.pdf Biographia  Bernardi Riemann a Dedekind scripta, pdf]

{{Lifetime|1826|1866|Riemann, Bernardus}}
[[Categoria:Mathematici Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Goettingensis]]

{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Emmentaler</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56567</id>
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      <text bytes="3035" sha1="hn5hybv6fzn0nbhdctln6k3uypodaw5" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Emmentaler.jpg|thumb|Caseus ''Emmentaler'']]
[[Fasciculus:Emmentalerlöcher.jpg|thumb|Oculi casei ''Emmentaler'']]
'''Emmentaler''' est caseus bubulus e lacte crudo in [[Helvetia]]e pago [[Berna (pagus)|Bernae]] in valle [[Emma (flumen)|Emmae]] inventus, oculis magnis sparsus. Sub eodem nomine casei similes (sed recentiores) etiam alibi fiunt: in [[Germania]] et [[Francia]], ubi appellationes protectas habent; in [[Polonia]], [[Lituania]], [[Finnia]].

== Appellatio Originis Protecta ==
* Caseus sub nomine macaronico ''[[Emmentaler Switzerland]]'' in Helvetia venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri quattuorque menses (vel plures) maturari; qui caseus ab anno [[2006]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata (Helvetia)|appellationem originis verificatam]] habet. Addenda sunt alia vera rite definita: ''Emmentaler réserve'' (8 menses vel plures reservatus); ''Emmentaler des grottes'' vel ''Emmentaler Höhlengereiften'' (&quot;in cavernis maturatus&quot;).
* Caseus in regione [[Algovia]] [[Germania]]e sub nomine ''[[Allgäuer Emmentaler]]'' confectus [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habet. Hi casei tres tantum menses maturantur.
* Casei in regionibus [[Francia]]e sub nominibus ''[[Emmental français est-central]]'' et ''[[Emmental de Savoie]]'' confecti appellationem geographicam in Europa verificatam habent. Hi casei admodum recentes oculis permultis sparguntur.

== Nexus externi ==
* http://www.emmentaler.ch/
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330015610/http://www.kulinarischeserbe.ch/product.aspx?id=371 De caseo Emmentalio apud situm de ferculis historicis Helvetiae]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081224133145/http://www.switzerland-cheese.be/fr/les-fromages/ De appellationibus lacticiniis Helveticis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081116045850/http://www.toutunfromagesuisse.com/index.php?emmentaler De appellationibus lacticiniis Helveticis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081112153432/http://www.grandsfromages.com/index.php?id=34 De caseo ''Emmentaler'' Francico] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* [http://vddb-dt.library.lt/fedora/get/LT-eLABa-0001:J.04~2006~ISSN_1392-0227.V_40.N_2.PG_28-35/DS.002.0.01.ARTIC Comparatio caseorum ''Emmentaler'' e Polonia, Lituania, Finnia] {{Ling|Lituane}}
* [http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/database/index_en.htm De appellationibus lacticiniis Europaeis] {{Ling|Hispanice|Danice|Theodisce|Neograece|Anglice|Francogallice|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane|Batavice|Lusitanice|Finnice|Suecice}}
* Marc-Jérôme Hassid, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155703/https://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/geoconfluences/doc/territ/FranceMut/FranceMutDoc5.htm Le terroir, un territoire hybride. L’exemple des fromages des Alpes du Nord]&quot; (2005) apud ''Géoconfluences'' (de ''Emmental de Savoie'')

[[Categoria:Casei Helvetici]]
[[Categoria:Res oeconomicae Bernae]]
[[Categoria:Casei extra patriam ficti]]
[[Categoria:Appellatio Geographica]]
[[Categoria:Casei bubuli]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iacobus Mason</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1127" sha1="o6v7s3u420cak1aast9l72vxez00bjc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:North by Northwest movie trailer screenshot (27).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Iacobus Mason]]
'''Iacobus Mason''', vulgo plenius ''James Neville Mason'' (natus die [[15 Maii]] [[1909]] in urbe [[Huddersfield]] [[Isuria]]e; mortuus propter [[infarctus cordis|infarctum cordis]] [[Lausonium|Lausonii]] in [[Helvetia]] die [[27 Iulii]] [[1984]]), alumnus  [[Collegium Marlburiense|Collegii Marlburiensis]] moxque [[Collegium Petri (Cantabrigia)|Collegii Petri]] apud [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigienses]],  fuit [[actor]] Anglicus.

== Pelliculae selectae ==
* 1977 : [[The Boys from Brazil]] 
* 1977 : [[Jesus of Nazareth]]

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Imdb name|0000051|Iacobo Mason}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209170908/http://www.film-zeit.de/ Biographia apud film-zeit.de]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070227203544/http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=245 Imagines]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mason, Iacobus}}

[[Categoria:Actores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Collegii Marlburiensis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1909]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1984]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iosephus Piłsudski</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1178" sha1="liv4be1ejjp57hj7thquh8xvvvdtnmj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Jacek Malczewski, Portret brygadiera Józefa Piłsudskiego.jpg|thumb|Iosephus Piłsudski. [[Jacek Malczewski]] anno [[1916]] pinxit.]]

'''Iosephus Clemens Piłsudski''' ([[Polonice]] ''Józef Klemens Piłsudski'' {{IPA|'juzεf piw'sutski}}, natus [[Zalavas]]&lt;!--[[Polonice]] Zułów--&gt; in vico apud [[Vilnius|Vilnium]], hodie urbem ad [[Lituania]]m pertinentem, die [[5 Decembris]] [[1867]]; mortuus [[Varsovia]]e die [[12 Maii]] [[1935]]) fuit [[miles]] et post [[primum bellum mundanum]] [[politicus|rerum politicarum peritus]] [[Polonia|Polonicus]].

{{NexInt}}
[[Historia Poloniae]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081026063742/http://www.kprm.gov.pl/archiwum/805_1361.htm Biographia apud Poloniae Administrationis  cancellariam]
* [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/PilsudskiJozef/ Biographia ] apud Museum historicum Germaniae {{Ling|Germanice}}

{{bio-stipula}}
{{Praesides ministrorum Poloniae}}

{{Lifetime|1867|1935|Pilsudski, Iosephus}}

[[Categoria:Gubernatores Poloniae]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Imperii Russici]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Lituaniae]]
[[Categoria:Milites Poloniae]]
[[Categoria:Praesides Poloniae]]
{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iosephus Song Sui-Wan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1475" sha1="4odm0x4mpfor5strwpxwh9hok86az9t" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of José Song Sui Wan.svg|thumb|Insigne episcopi Song Sui-Wan]]

'''Iosephus Song Sui-Wan''' SDB (natus die [[16 Maii]] [[1941]] Shangai [[Sina]]e) fuit [[episcopus]] [[Dioecesis Cachoëirensis|Dioeceseos Sancti Gabrielis Cascatae]], [[Amazonae]], [[Brasilia]]e.

Eius familia oriunda est e Sina.

Consacratus [[presbyter]] [[Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii|Salesianus]], Sinae, die [[17 Iulii]] [[1971]]. Consacratus episcopus Sancti Gabrielis Cascatae Cadentis, provinciae [[Amazonae|Amazonarum]], [[Brasilia]]e, die [[27 Aprilis]] [[2002]], de munere decessit [[4 Martii]] [[2009]].

Obiit Campinis [[15 Novembris]] [[2012]].

== Eius apostolica sententia ==

'''VIDIMUS STELLAM EIUS IN ORIENTE'''

== Nexus externi ==

* {{CathHierBishop|suiwan}}
* [http://www.infoans.org/1.asp?sez=1&amp;sotsez=13&amp;doc=8555&amp;lingua=1 Mors espiscopi Song Sui-wan in diario Salesiano] {{Ling|Italice}}
* [http://www.portalecclesia.com/2012/11/cnbb-lamenta-morde-de-dom-jose-song-sui.html CNBB lamenta morte de dom José Song Sui Wan]{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Lusitanice}}
* [http://noticias.cancaonova.com/noticia.php?id=287851 Será sepultado hoje o bispo emérito de São Gabriel da Cachoeira] {{Ling|Lusitanice}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1941|2012|Song Suiwan, Iosephus}}

[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Brasiliae]]
[[Categoria:Salesiani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Carolus Plumier</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2470" sha1="tuok44joca1s2ozl96qe36n46p62k90" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Plumier Charles 1646-1706.jpg|thumb|Carolus Plumier. J. Blanchouise delineavit]]
'''Carolus''', vulgo ''Charles'' '''Plumier'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;authore P[atre] Carolo Plumier&quot;: sic titulus operis 1703, vide [[:Fasciculus:Plumier, Charles – Nova plantarum americanarum genera, 1703 – BEIC 8833038.jpg|imaginem]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Plumierius&quot; apud Latinistas recentiores, e.g. {{qc|id=Burmannus (1755)}}&lt;/ref&gt; (natus [[Massilia]]e die [[20 Aprilis]] [[1646]]; mortuus ad [[Portus Sanctae Mariae (Hispania)|Portum Sanctae Mariae]] prope [[Gades]] die [[20 Novembris]] [[1704]]) fuit [[natura]]e studiosus et [[botanica|botanista]] [[Francia|Francicus]].

== Opera selecta ==
* 1663 : ''Description des plantes de l'Amérique''. Lutetiae: Imprimerie Royale [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000819877 Textus]
* 1701 : ''L'Art de tourner''. Lugduni: chez Jean Certe [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012587164 Textus]
* 1703 : ''Nova plantarum Americanarum genera''. Parisiis: apud Ioannem Boudot [https://archive.org/details/novaplantarumame00plum Textus]
* 1705 : ''Traité de fougères de l'Amerique''. Lutetiae: Imprimerie Royale [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_YOuLOLqDMa4C Textus]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
; Fontes fere coaevi
* 1699 : [[Martinus Lister|Martin Lister]], ''A journey to Paris in the year 1698'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-osl_journey-paris_BO5070_L77325j1698-1699-20094/page/n87/mode/2up pp. 72-75 cum tabulis]
* 1755 : {{ec|id=Burmannus (1755)|c=[[Ioannes Burmannus]], ''Plantarum Americanarum fasciculus primus [... decimus], continens plantas quas olim Carolus Plumierius, botanicorum princeps, detexit eruitque atque in insulis Antillis ipse depinxit''. Amstelaedami in horto medio, 1755-1760 [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003082986 fasc. 1-6] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003083125 7-10]}}

; Eruditio
* Rosa Rankin Rodríguez, &quot;Charles Plumier's drawings of American plants and the nomenclature of early Caribbean Aristolochia species (Aristolochiaceae)&quot; in ''Taxon'' vol. 48 (1999) pp. 677-687
* Ignaz Urban, ''Charles Plumiers Leben und Schriften, nebst einem Schlüssel zu seinen Blütenpflanzen'', [[Dalemia]]e: Verlag des Repertoriums, 1920

{{botanistae|Plum.}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plumier, Carolus}}
[[Categoria:Nati 1646]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1704]]
[[Categoria:Botanistae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]]
[[Categoria:Minimi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Anguis (genus)</title>
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      <comment>foto</comment>
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      <text bytes="1794" sha1="a9uv26kt3csiaxmvivhp7ctuq3n6yd2" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = ''Anguis''}}
{{Taxobox_image | image = [[Fasciculus:Blindschleiche.jpg|250px|Anguis fragilis]]
| caption = ''Anguis'' species}}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Animalia]]}}
{{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordata]]}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Reptilia]]}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Squamata]]}}
{{Taxobox_subordo_entry | taxon = [[Toxicofera]]}}
{{Taxobox_infraordo_entry | taxon = [[Anguimorpha]]}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Anguidae]]}}
{{Taxobox_subfamilia_entry | taxon = [[Anguinae]]}}
{{Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = '''''Anguis'''''}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Taxobox authority | author = [[Linnaeus]] | date = [[1758]]}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = pink | plural_taxon = Species}}
* ''[[Anguis cephallonica]]''
* ''[[Anguis fragilis]]''&lt;br /&gt;{{Taxobox authority | author = [[Linnaeus]] | date = [[1758]]}}
{{Taxobox_end}}
[[File:Anguis fragilis-f.jpg|thumb|Femina fasciam nigram ad latera habet ut lucem solis melius capiat et ova maturescat]]
[[File:Anguis fragilis-n.jpg|thumb|Juveniles 8 cm qui a formicis aggredientibus servandi erant. Juveniles eandem colorem habent quam femina]]

'''''Anguis''''' est [[Genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[Familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Anguidae|Anguidarum]] [[Habitus|habitu]] [[Serpentes|Serpentium]] simili, quod in [[Europa]] habitat et cuius [[species]] clarissima est ''[[Anguis fragilis]]''.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biologici}}

{{biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Anguis|!]]
[[Categoria:Fauna Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Fauna Russiae]]
[[Categoria:Fauna Iraniae]]
[[Categoria:Reptilia Europae]]
[[Categoria:Reptilia Asiae]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1758]]
[[Categoria:Genera animalium]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ignatius Ioannes Paderewski</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1203" sha1="21lm7mdvhtvwcpxwv87yez60vbm8yfk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ignacy Jan Paderewski - Project Gutenberg eText 15604.png|thumb|Ignatius Ioannes Paderewski.]]
'''Ignatius Ioannes Padereski''' (natus in Kuryłówka, hodie [[Ucraina]] tunc ad Imperium Austriacum pertinente die [[18 Novembris]] [[1860]]; mortuus [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Urbe Novo Eboraco]] die [[29 Iunii]] [[1941]]) fuit [[compositor]], [[clavilista]], rerum [[politicus|politicarum peritus]], [[legatus (civilitas)|legatus]] et [[primus minister|minister Primus]] [[Polonia]]e.

Anno 1919, dum Paderewski primus nimister erat, [[Deliberatio de pace componenda Lutetiae facta (1919)|Conferentiam de pace componendae Lutetiae]] participavit.

== Nexus externi ==
{{communiaCat|Ignacy Paderewski|Ignatium Ioannem Paderwski}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081017045852/http://www.kprm.gov.pl/archiwum/805_1379.htm Biographia apud Administrationis Polonicae paginas interretiales]

{{bio-stipula}}
{{Praesides ministrorum Poloniae}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paderewski, Ignatius Ioannes }}
[[Categoria:Nati 1860]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1941]]
[[Categoria:Compositores Poloniae]]
[[Categoria:Clavilistae]]
[[Categoria:Gubernatores Poloniae]]
[[Categoria:Sepulturae in Coemeterio Nationali Arlingtoniensi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elizabeth Strout</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81832</id>
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      <text bytes="905" sha1="rg0jrvdewpwxaspk9xd7fsxey233nyg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth Strout Headshot.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth Strout]]

'''Elizabeth Strout''' (nata die [[6 Ianuarii]] [[1956]]) est [[scriptrix]] [[CFA| Americana]], quae operis ''Olive Kitteridge'' gratia [[Praemium Pulitzer Mythistoriis dicatum]] anno [[2009]] consecuta est.

==Nexus externi==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091214065829/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/4414 Colloquium percontativum 1999]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200604u/strout Colloquium percontativum Atlantic, mense Martio 2006]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090424040746/http://www.failbetter.com/29/StroutInterview.php Colloquium percontativum Failbetter magazine, 2008]

{{scriptor-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Strout, Elizabeth}}
[[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1956]]
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Mulieres]]
[[Categoria:Praemium Pulitzer]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Comitatus Dannebergensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81867</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="682" sha1="tmd2wz3hudprukwcypqo7vbxq49bp9u" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Grafschaft Dannenberg um 1250.PNG|thumb|Tabula geographica comitatus anno 1250]]
'''Comitatus Dannebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abebooks.de/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=1329886651&amp;searchurl=an%3DHOMANN%252C%2BJohann%2BBaptist Ducatus Luneburgici et Comitatus Dannebergensis accurata Descriptio primum edita a. Joh. Bapt. Himanno.]&lt;/ref&gt; primum mentio facta est anno [[1153]]. Ultimus comes anno [[1303]] Nicolaus de Danneberga comitatum duci [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Luneburgensi]] contra stipendia sibi concessa tradidit.

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

[[Categoria:Comitatus|Dannebergensis comitatus]]
[[Categoria:Sacrum Romanum Imperium]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saepes</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:05:14Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Aedificia bellica]]; +[[Categoria:Aedificia]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="569" sha1="er2jbsdbms76f7xo4udk9da911t4x3g" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Fence 400px.jpg|thumb|Saepes metallica]]
[[Fasciculus:ZAUN2G.jpg|thumb|Saepes lignea]]
'''Saepes''' dicitur obstructio aream exteram definiens, trans quam homo obstructus tamen videre potest. Saepes possunt instrui ex rete metallica, vel [[trabs|trabibus]] [[sudis|sudibusque]], vel serie [[frutex|fruticum]]. [[Area]] coercita appellatur [[consaeptum]].

[[Fasciculus:Rotbuchenhecke in der Eifel.jpg|thumb|left|240 px|Usitata Europaea saepes fruticibus arbusculisque facta [[Eifla]]e [[Germania]]e.]]

{{mili-stipula}}
{{Munimen}}

[[Categoria:Aedificia]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Aedificia]]; +[[Categoria:Saepes]]</comment>
      <origin>3979456</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="568" sha1="acmx15hhdxajhuql3x2z00piiwfwie5" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Fence 400px.jpg|thumb|Saepes metallica]]
[[Fasciculus:ZAUN2G.jpg|thumb|Saepes lignea]]
'''Saepes''' dicitur obstructio aream exteram definiens, trans quam homo obstructus tamen videre potest. Saepes possunt instrui ex rete metallica, vel [[trabs|trabibus]] [[sudis|sudibusque]], vel serie [[frutex|fruticum]]. [[Area]] coercita appellatur [[consaeptum]].

[[Fasciculus:Rotbuchenhecke in der Eifel.jpg|thumb|left|240 px|Usitata Europaea saepes fruticibus arbusculisque facta [[Eifla]]e [[Germania]]e.]]

{{mili-stipula}}
{{Munimen}}

[[Categoria:Saepes|!]]</text>
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        <id>81729</id>
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      <text bytes="568" sha1="bzzb1qgsjavcnhxegtvynuup2fayxrd" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Fence 400px.jpg|thumb|Saepes metallica]]
[[Fasciculus:ZAUN2G.jpg|thumb|Saepes lignea]]
'''Saepes''' dicitur obstructio aream exteram definiens, trans quam homo obstructus tamen videre potest. Saepes possunt instrui ex reti metallico, vel [[trabs|trabibus]] [[sudis|sudibusque]], vel serie [[frutex|fruticum]]. [[Area]] coercita appellatur [[consaeptum]].

[[Fasciculus:Rotbuchenhecke in der Eifel.jpg|thumb|left|240 px|Usitata Europaea saepes fruticibus arbusculisque facta [[Eifla]]e [[Germania]]e.]]

{{mili-stipula}}
{{Munimen}}

[[Categoria:Saepes|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Calendarium</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>86650</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:34:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>+{{[[Formula:Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita]]}}; +pagina documentationis</comment>
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      <text bytes="774" sha1="l8drfj5oxwfkmvx7dvhywf7le5rikdd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border:solid #ccc;background:#fff;border-width:1px 3px 3px 1px;text-align:center;padding-top:3px;float:left;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.3;margin-right:4px;width:7em;&quot;&gt;
[[{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}]]
[[{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large;width:100%;display:block;padding:6px 0px;&quot;&gt;{{#time:xrj}}&lt;/span&gt;]]
&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;&quot;&gt;[[{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}|{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background:#aaa;color:#000;display:block;&quot;&gt;'''[[{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{#time:xrY}}]]'''&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio formulae simplicis
	| prooemium = {{Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Calendarium}}
	| ulteriora = * {{Fn|Calendarium mensis}}
}}[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>YouTube</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>91288</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979627</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:33:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus interni */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2740" sha1="7ffx6z5zsz60lpg7a28w8eqlgq5ak74" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
[[Fasciculus:YouTube 2024.svg|thumb|[[Logotypus]].]]
[[Fasciculus:901cherryave.jpg|thumb|Praetorium societatis [[Sanctus Brunus (urbs0|Sancto Bruno]] in urbe in comitatu [[Comitatus San Mateo|Sancti Matthaei]]  situm.]]
'''YouTube''' (a verbis [[Lingua Anglica|Anglicis]] ''you'' 'tu' + ''tube'' 'tubus', familiariter = [[televistrum]]) est [[situs interretialis]], in quo usores [[Pellicula|pelliculas]] intueri et ingerere et in quo inter se [[communicatio (informatica)|communicare]] possunt.

Tres operarii corporationis [[PayPal]] YouTube die [[14 Februarii]] [[2005]] creaverunt, et prima pellicula die [[23 Aprilis]] eodem anno monstraverunt.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160811193723/http://www.chip.de/news/Das-allererste-YouTube-Video-aeltester-Clip-feiert-zehnjaehriges-Jubilaeum_78550455.html „Das allererste YouTube-Video: Ältester Clip feiert zehnjähriges Jubiläum“ (visum 5 Novembris 2017) {{ling|Theodisce}}].&lt;/ref&gt; Mense [[November|Novembri]] anni [[2006]] YouTube a [[Google]] pretio [[Dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|USD]] 1&amp;thinsp;650&amp;thinsp;000&amp;thinsp;000 emptum est, et nunc subsidiarius eius fungitur.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/google_youtube.html &quot;Google To Acquire YouTube for $1.65 Billion in Stock&quot; (visum 5 Novembris 2017) {{ling|Anglice}}].&lt;/ref&gt; Societas sedem habet [[Sanctus Brunus (urbs)|Sancto Bruno]] in [[urbs|urbe]] [[California|Californiensi]] sitam, et [[Adobe Flash Video]] [[technologia]] utebatur usque ad [[2015]], deinde [[HTML|HTML5]], ut varia spectacula ab usoribus creata ostendantur, inclusis excerptis [[pellicula]]rum programmatumque [[televisio|televisificorum]] et [[musica]], necnon rebus otiosis ut [[blogosphaera]]. Plurima contenta in YouTube a singulis hominibus ingeruntur, quamquam societates publicae sicut [[CBS]], [[BBC]], aliaeque societates res suas ut socii corporationis YouTube proferunt.&lt;ref&gt;[https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/72851?hl= Explicatio programmatis societatis inter corporationem YouTube et sociis eius (visum 5 Novembris 2017) {{ling|Anglice}}].&lt;/ref&gt;

Omnes usores, etiam si non consignaverunt, pelliculas spectare valent, dum tantum usores, qui consignaverint, pelliculas ingerere possunt. Pelliculas spectare, qui nefasta continere putentur, usoribus solis plus quam duodeviginti annos natis licet. Ingerere pelliculas, qui obtrectationes et [[pornographia]]m contineant vel iura aliena violent, stricte prohibitum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus interni ==
* [[MrBeast]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|YouTube|''YouTube''}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/ Situs interretialis sociatetis proprius.]

[[Categoria:Incepta 2005]]
[[Categoria:Media socialia]]
[[Categoria:Situs ephemeri]]
{{Myrias|Societas}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iustinus Bieber</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>91875</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
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      <text bytes="1090" sha1="ae30wa70l39fvkqpkgyn6176rk44sgj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Iustinus Andreas Bieber}} (natus in ''[[Stratford]]'' [[Ontario]]nis die [[1 Martii]] [[1994]]&lt;ref name= autogenerated3&gt;{{cite web | url = http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d1963/Justin_Bieber | title = Inogolo | contribution = How to pronounce ‘Justin Bieber’ | postscript = }}&lt;/ref&gt;) est [[musicus]] [[musicus popularis|popularis]], [[histrio]], et [[cantor-scriptor carminum]] [[Canada|Canadianus]].&lt;!--?singer-songwriter--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allmusicbio&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p1152032|pure_url=yes}}| work = All music | title= Justin Bieber: Overview | last1 =Collar|first1=Matt|last2=Leahey|first2=Andrew|publisher=[[Macrovision|Macrovision Corporation]]|accessdate= [[21 Octobris]] [[2009]]}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Adnotationes ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Justin Bieber|Iustinum Bieber}}
* {{Imdb name|3595501|Iustino Bieber}}
* [http://www.justinbiebermusic.com/default.aspx Situs interretialis]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1994| |Bieber, Iustinus}}
[[Categoria:Cantores Canadae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gas thermocepicum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1472" sha1="7ord5tzewt0v2ga52orczhud7b56sra" xml:space="preserve">'''Gasia thermocepica'''&lt;ref&gt;De [[Nomen adiectivum|nomine adiectivo]] ''thermocepicus'' vide [[Effectus thermocepicus]].&lt;/ref&gt; sunt [[gas]]ia [[atmosphaera|atmosphaerica]] quae [[radiatio infrarubra|radiationem infrarubram]] ad solum missam absorbent, [[Effectus thermocepicus|effectui thermocepico]] astruentia. In atmosphaera [[Tellus|Telluris]], prima gasia thermocepica sunt [[vapor]] [[aqua]]e, [[carbonii dioxidum]], [[methanum]], [[nitrogenii oxidum]], [[ozonum]]. In [[systema solare|systemate solari]] nostro, atmosphaerae [[Venus (planeta)|Veneris]], [[Mars (planeta)|Martis]], [[Titan (satelles)|Titanis]] gasia thermocepica etiam continent. Sine gasiis thermocepicis, [[temperatura]] crustae Telluris circa 33&amp;nbsp;°C frigidior quam nunc esset.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101206031817/http://junkscience.com/Greenhouse/What_Watt.html &quot;This &quot;global warming&quot; thing... what Watt is what?&quot;], [[Augustus|Augusto]] [[2007]]. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Industriae conversio|Conversione Industriae]] facta, propter flagrantiam [[fomes fossilis|fomitum fossilium]], augetur gasiorum thermocepicorum in [[Tellus|Telluris]] atmosphaera quantitas, notabiliter [[carbonii dioxidum|carbonii dioxidi]]. Quod [[calefactio globalis|calefactionem globalem]] alere putatur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Effectus thermocepicus]]
*[[Protocollum Kiotense]]

{{stipula}}

[[Categoria:Calefactio globalis]]
[[Categoria:Effectus solarii]]
[[Categoria:Atmosphaera]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ialomiţa (circulus)</title>
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      <text bytes="645" sha1="l4gduim9sbtp85tikciy0tmihowtid6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Incipit data !--&gt;
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Provinz Ialomita Romania CIA2006.png|thumb|200 px|left|Circuli tabula]]
''' Ialomiţa ''' ([[Dacoromanice]] ''Județ Ialomiţa'') est unus quadraginta duorum (cum urbe [[Bucarestum|Bucaresto]]) [[Romania]]e [[circulus (iurisdictio)|circulorum]]. Urbs ''[[Slobozia]]'' est caput huius circuli, cui 288472 incolarum anno [[2009]] sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100729170548/http://www.cicnet.ro/index.htm Pagina officialis]
{{CommuniaCat|Ialomița County|Ialomiţa (circulum)}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{circuli Romaniae}}

[[Categoria:Circuli Romaniae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cory Doctorow</title>
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      <text bytes="477" sha1="dkvcw7q1kc7sao4xq4aq1bnqh3ktkrd" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina neglecta}}
{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

'''Cory Doctorow''' (pronuntiatum ut ''corī dactorou''; natus die [[17 Iulii]] [[1971]] [[Torontum|Toronti]]) est [[blog]]ator, [[diurnarius]], scriptor [[mythistoriae rerum futurarum]], et co-editor blog [[Boing Boing]] [[Canada|Canadicus]].

{{Lifetime|1971||Doctorow, Cory}}

[[Categoria:Nati 1971]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Canadae]]
[[Categoria:Diurnarii Canadae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]]
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iordanus de Saxonia</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Due santi, angelico.jpg|thumb|Iordanus de Saxonia ab [[Ioannes Faesulanus|Ioanne Faesulano &quot;Angelico&quot;]] pictus ad [[Altaria Conventus Sancti Marci Florentiae|altaria]] [[Conventus Sancti Marci (Florentia)|Conventus Sancti Marci]] [[Florentia]]e]]
'''Iordanus de Saxonia''' (natus anno circiter 1190 [[Dassela]]e; mortuus [[1237]]) fuit frater [[Dominicani|Dominicanus]], praedicator celeber, et ab anno [[1222]] usque ad [[1237]] [[Magister Ordinis Praedicatorum|magister huius Ordinis]], [[Dominicus Oxomensis|Dominico Oxomensi]] successor. In Ordine intravit quo tempore [[Lutetia|Parisiis]] studuit, a [[Reginaldus Aurelianensis|Reginaldo Aurelianensi]] suasus. Inter discipulos eius fuit [[Albertus Magnus]]. Auctor fuit operis primi de vita Dominici (qui anno 1234 canonizatus est) et de origine Dominicanorum. Anno [[1233]] [[Epistula encyclica (Iordanus de Saxonia)|epistulam encyclicam]] de morte Dominici et de officiis praedicatorum emisit, fratribus provinciae [[Lombardia]]e destinatam.

Anno [[1825]] iussu papae [[Leo XII|Leonis XII]] beatificatus est.

== Opera ==
* ''Commentarius in Priscianum Minorem''
* ''Commentarius in Apocalypsin''
* ''[[Libellus de principiis|Libellus de principiis Ordinis Praedicatorum]]''
* ''Epistulae'', inter quas:
** &quot;[[Epistulae encyclicae (Iordanus de Saxonia)|Epistulae encyclicae]]&quot;
** &quot;[[Epistulae Iordani de Saxonia et Dianae de Andalo]]&quot;
* ''Oratio ad beatum Dominicum'' [http://www.domcentral.org/trad/domdocs/0008.htm Versio Anglica]
* ''Sermones''

== Fontes de vita Iordani ==
* [[Gerardus de Fracheto]], ''[[Vitae fratrum Ordinis Praedicatorum]]''

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.dominicos.org/grandes-figuras/santos/beato-jordan-de-sajonia Beato Jordán de Sajonia] apud dominicanos.org {{Ling|Hispanice}}
* [http://www.heiligen.net/heiligen/02/13/02-13-1237-jordanus.php Jordanus van Saksen] apud heiligen.net {{Ling|Batavice}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111008012006/http://saints.sqpn.com/saintj0i.htm Blessed Jordan of Saxony] apud Saints {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienJ/Jordan_von_Sachsen.htm Jordan von Sachsen] in ''Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon'' {{Ling|Theodisce}}

== Bibliographia ==
;Editiones operum
* Berthold Althaner, ''Die Briefe Jordans von Sachsen, des zweiten Dominikanergenerals (1222-1237). Texte und Untersuchungen, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Frommigkeit im 13. Jahrhundert''. Lipsiae, 1925
* J. J. Berthier, ed., ''Beati Jordani de Saxonia Opera''. Friburgi, 1891
* Norbert Georges, interpr., ''Blessed Diana and Blessed Jordan: the story of a holy friendship''. Somerset Ohii: Rosary Press, 1933 [http://domcentral.org/blog/blessed-diana-and-blessed-jordan/ Textus]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Anglice}}
* Paul-Bernard Hodel, ed., ''Beati Jordani de Saxonia sermones''. Romae, 2005
* Wolfram Hoyer, interpr., ''Jordan von Sachsen: Ordensmeister, Geschichtsschreiber, Beter; eine Textsammlung''. Lipsiae, 2002
* Elio Montanari, ed., ''Oratio ad beatum Dominicum b. Iordanis de Saxonia O.P.''. Florentiae, 1991
* Franco Morenzoni, ed., &quot;Les sermons de Jourdain de Saxe, successeur de Saint Dominique&quot; in ''[[Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum]]'' vol. 66 (1996) pp. 201-244
* Angelus Walz, ed., ''Beati Iordani de Saxonia Epistulae''. Romae: Institutum Historicum Fratrum Praedicatorum, 1951

;Biographica et critica
* Marguerite Aron, ''Un animateur de la jeunesse au XIIIe siècle: vie, voyages du Bx Jourdain de Saxe, maître-ès-arts à Paris et général des frères prêcheurs de 1222 à 1237''. Lutetiae, 1930
* Antonin Danzas, ''Études sur les temps primitifs de l'Ordre de Saint Dominique: le bienheureux Jourdain de Saxe''. Pictavii: Oudin, 1873-1877. 4 vols [http://archive.org/details/tudessurleste01danz 1] [http://archive.org/details/tudessurleste02danz 2] [http://archive.org/details/tudessurlestem03danz 3] [http://archive.org/details/tudessurlestem04danz 4]
* Bernard Hodel, ''Edifier par la parole. La prédication de Jourdain de Saxe, maître de l’ordre des prêcheurs (1222-1237)''. Lutetiae, 2002
* Heribert-Christian Scheeben, ''Beiträge zur Geschichte Jordans von Sachsen''. Vethae, 1938

;Aliae encyclopaediae
* {{ADB|14|501|504|Jordan von Sachsen|Moritz Cantor|de:ADB:Jordan von Sachsen}}
* {{BBKL|j/Jordan_sa|auctor=Ernst Pulsfort|commentatio=JORDAN(US) von Sachsen|tomus=3|columnae=652-654}}
* &quot;[http://domcentral.org/blog/blessed-jordan-of-saxony/ Blessed Jordan of Saxony]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&quot; in V. F. O'Daniel, ''The First Disciples of St Dominic'' (Somerset Ohii: Rosary Press, 1928) [http://domcentral.org/blog/the-first-disciples-of-st-dominic/ Textus]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 12]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1237]]
[[Categoria:Magistri Ordinis Praedicatorum]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini mediaevales]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Biographi]]
[[Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum Parisiensium]]
[[Categoria:Beati]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Venatio</title>
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        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
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      <comment>de caro et corio</comment>
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      <text bytes="1414" sha1="h1tzrlqsx36j1trfl00pbzhh6464nat" xml:space="preserve">{{disambig2|animalibus captandis|structuram foliorum|Venatio foliorum}}[[Fasciculus:Joachim_von_Sandrart_-_November.jpg|thumb|Tabula ''Der November'' (&quot;[[November]]&quot;), [[Ioachimus von Sandrart|Ioachimi von Sandrart]] anno [[1643]] picta.]]
'''Venatio''' vel '''venatus''' (''ars venatoria'') est [[consuetudo]] [[animalia fera]] [[caro|cibi]], [[delectatio]]nis, [[Commercium|mercaturaeve]] causa captandi.

Romani multa et varia animalia venabantur. 

Venatoribus canes auxilio erant. In ludis quoque venationes a gladiatoribus fiebant. Quidam populi venabantur ut aut cibum sibi compararent aut aliquid ad vendendum haberent.

==Vocabularium==
===[[Nomen substantivum|Nomina substantiva]]===
*''[[:wikt:venator|vēnātŏr]]'', ''[[:wikt:venatrix|vēnātrix]]'', qui venatur

===[[Nomen adiectivum|Nomina adiectiva]]===
*''[[:wikt:venaticus|vēnātĭcus]]'', ad venationem pertinens; vide rem de [[canis venaticus|canibus venaticis]], canibus venationi adhibitis
*''[[:wikt:venatorius|vēnātōrĭus]]'', ad venationem sive venatorem pertinens

===[[Verbum|Verba]]===
*''[[:wikt:venor|vēnŏr, vēnārī]]'', venationem gerere

{{NexInt}}
*[[Venatio et collectio]]
*[[Praedatio (biologia)]]
*[[Balaenatio]]
*[[Canis leporarius]]
*[[Corium]]
*[[Pellis]]

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Hunting|venationem}}

{{stipula}}

[[Categoria:Venatio|!]]
[[Categoria:Iura animalium]]
[[Categoria:Ludi]]

{{Myrias|Societas}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Guégon</title>
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      <text bytes="685" sha1="nf3dg7j1bbv25rsyk9owr37qurwrmt0" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Blason ville fr Guégon (Morbihan).svg|thumb|200 px|Guégon: arma gentilitia]]
'''Guégon''' ([[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''Djégon'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Gwegon'') est commune 2396 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Mariculum|Mariculi]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e.
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Mariculi]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Guégon|Guégon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110226042804/http://www.guegon.fr/ Guégon pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Morbihani]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Morbihani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Estuans intrinsecus</title>
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      <text bytes="11364" sha1="dme04n4ghkuxojj8q3frl2u04ehh2rm" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lres|Estuans intrinsecus}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Archipoeta|Archipoeta]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CXCI reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria155-186&quot;&gt;{{Opus
| titulus = Carmina potoria 187-200
| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cpo1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
1. Estuans intrinsecus ira vehementi
in amaritudine loquor mee menti.
factus de materia levis elementi
folio sum similis, de quo ludunt venti.

2. Cum sit enim proprium viro sapienti,
supra petram ponere sedem fundamenti,
stultus ego comparor fluvio labenti,
sub eodem aere numquam permanenti.

3. Feror ego veluti sine nauta navis,
ut per vias aeris vaga fertur avis;
non me tenent vincula, non me tenet clavis,
quero mei similes et adiungor pravis.

4. Michi cordis gravitas res videtur gravis,
iocus est amabilis dulciorque favis.
quicquid Venus imperat, labor est suavis,
que numquam in cordibus habitat ignavis.

5. Via lata gradior more iuventutis,
implico me vitiis immemor virtutis,
voluptatis avidus magis quam salutis,
mortuus in anima curam gero cutis.

6. Presul discretissime, veniam te precor,
morte bona morior, dulci nece necor,
meum pectus sauciat puellarum decor,
et quas tactu nequeo, saltem corde mechor.

7. Res est arduissima vincere naturam,
in aspectu virginis mentem esse puram;
iuvenes non possumus legem sequi duram
leviumque corporum non habere curam.

8. Quis in igne positus igne non uratur?
quis Papie demorans castus habeatur,
ubi Venus digito iuvenes venatur,
oculis illaqueat, facie predatur?

9. Si ponas Hippolytum hodie Papie,
non erit Hippolytus in sequenti die.
Veneris in thalamos ducunt omnes vie,
non est in tot turribus turris Alethie.

10. Secundo redarguor etiam de ludo,
sed cum ludus corpore me dimittit nudo,
frigidus exterius, mentis estu sudo;
tunc versus et carmina meliora cudo.

11. Tercio capitulo memoro tabernam:
illam nullo tempore sprevi neque spernam,
donec sanctos angelos venientes cernam,
cantantes pro mortuis: «Requiem eternam.»

12. Meum est propositum in taberna mori,
ut sint vina proxima morientis ori;
tunc cantabunt letius angelorum chori:
«Sit Deus propitius huic potatori.»

13. Poculis accenditur animi lucerna,
cor imbutum nectare volat ad superna.
michi sapit dulcius vinum de taberna,
quam quod aqua miscuit presulis pincerna.

14. Loca vitant publica quidam poetarum
et secretas eligunt sedes latebrarum,
student, instant, vigilant nec laborant parum,
et vix tandem reddere possunt opus clarum.

15. Ieiunant et abstinent poetarum chori,
vitant rixas publicas et tumultus fori,
et ut opus faciant, quod non possit mori,
moriuntur studio subditi labori.

16. Unicuique proprium dat Natura munus:
ego numquam potui scribere ieiunus,
me ieiunum vincere posset puer unus.
sitim et ieiunium odi tamquam funus.

17. Unicuique proprium dat Natura donum:
ego versus faciens bibo vinum bonum,
et quod habent purius dolia cauponum;
vinum tale generat copiam sermonum.

18. Tales versus facio, quale vinum bibo,
nichil possum facere nisi sumpto cibo;
nichil valent penitus, que ieiunus scribo,
Nasonem post calices carmine preibo.

19. Michi numquam spiritus poetrie datur,
nisi prius fuerit venter bene satur;
dum in arce cerebri Bacchus dominatur,
in me Phebus irruit et miranda fatur.

20. Ecce mee proditor pravitatis fui,
de qua me redarguunt servientes tui.
sed corum nullus est accusator sui,
quamvis velint ludere seculoque frui.

21. Iam nunc in presentia presulis beati
secundum dominici regulam mandati
mittat in me lapidem neque parcat vari,
cuius non est animus conscius peccati.

22. Sum locutus contra me, quicquid de me novi,
et virus evomui, quod tam diu fovi.
vita vetus displicet, mores placent novi;
homo videt faciem, sed cor patet Iovi.

23. Iam virtutes diligo, vitiis irascor,
renovatus animo spiritu renascor;
quasi modo genitus novo lacte pascor,
ne sit meum amplius vanitatis vas cor.

24. Electe Colonie, parce penitenti,
fac misericordiam veniam petenti,
et da penitentiam culpam confitenti;
feram, quicquid iusseris, animo libenti.

25. Parcit enim subditis leo, rex ferarum,
et est erga subditos immemor irarum;
et vos idem facite, principes terrarum:
quod caret dulcedine, nimis est amarum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria155-186&quot;/&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen, quod &quot;Confessio Goliae&quot; dicitur, est celeberrimum poëma satiricum ab [[Archipoeta]] compositum, in quo auctor coram [[Reinaldus de Dassela|Reinaldo de Dassela]] archiepiscopo peccata sua confitetur. Scriptum forma goliardica, carmen vitia poetica et humana describit, praesertim amorem mulierum, lusum aleae, et ebrietatem in tabernis, quae omnia auctor naturae humanae tribuit. Clarissima est stropha ubi poëta propositum suum in taberna moriendi declarat, bibendi consuetudinem cum divina inspiratione coniungens. In fine carminis, auctor veniam petit et conversionem ad virtutem simulat, utens ironia et rhetorica ad misericordiam auditorum movendam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria155-186&quot;/&gt;

== Investigatio critica ==
Hoc carmen, ab [[Archipoeta]] Coloniensi circa annum [[1162]] compositum, maximam per saecula famam consecutum est, crebro ab aliis poetis imitatum. Scriptum exprimit plane animum goliardicum, qui libertatem vitae vindicat, poesi, amori, vino aleaeque penitus deditam. Auctor speciem praebet confitentis propria peccata patrono suo [[Rainaldus de Dassela|Rainaldo de Dassela]] (unde titulus in codicibus traditus ''Confessio Goliae''), sed re vera hoc schema adhibet ut sua vitae proposita extollat. Confessio igitur parodica videtur, quae exemplum capit ex [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidii]] ''Amoribus'' (II, 4) et structuram sacramenti paenitentiae sequitur: primum agitur de contritione (str. 1-3), deinde de peccatorum denuntiatione (str. 4-19) et denique de veniae petitione (str. 20-25). Haec confessio simul est obsequium patrono praestitum, cuius benevolentia, christiana integritas et moderatio politica celebrantur, praesertim contra Cistercienses rigidosque monachos, quorum mores Archipoeta per ludibrium perstringit. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 296-297&lt;/ref&gt;

Initium carminis amaritudine plenum est, ubi poeta se ipsum incusat verbis ex [[Liber Iob|Libro Iob]] (X, 1) depromptis. Imago folii quod vento fertur pariter ad scripturam sacram (Iob XIII, 25) remittit, ut instabilitas humanae condicionis demonstretur. Contra sapientis officium, qui fundamenta super petram ponit secundum [[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum]] (VII, 24), Archipoeta se navigio sine nauta similem fingit, undis raptum, sicut iam apud Ovidium et in Libro Sapientiae (V, 9-11) legitur. Se socia perquirere affirmat secundum illud proverbium quo dicitur similem simili gaudere. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 297&lt;/ref&gt;

Poeta fatetur se voluptatibus magis quam saluti aeternae studere, viam latam ac spatiosam percurrens, quae secundum Evangelium ad perditionem ducit. Pulchritudo puellarum cor eius transfigit, quod peccatum ipse cum verbis Matthaei (V, 28) de cordis adulterio coniungit. Iuvenibus enim castitatis praecepta servare difficile videtur. Carmen verisimiliter [[Papia|Papiae]] exaratum est, cum poeta Rainaldum ibi sequeretur; urbs ipsa, turribus clara, velut locus eroticus describitur ubi [[Venus (dea)|Venus]] iuvenes inretit. Archipoeta negat etiam Hippolytum, castitatis symbolum, Papiae pudicum manere posse, Ovidianum illud sequens: &quot;illic Hippolytum pone, Priapus erit&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 297-298&lt;/ref&gt;

In secunda parte, auctor poeticam artem cum vino nectit, argumenta [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatiana]] in contrarium vertens. Cum Horatius silvas et secessum quaereret, Archipoeta negat se ieiunum quicquam dignum scribere posse. Naturae munera diversis hominibus diversa sunt, poetae autem spiritus nisi post pocula non excitatur. Bacchus et Apollo hic velut numina tutelaria artis poeticae apparent, ubi vinum fons est inspirationis. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 298-299&lt;/ref&gt;

Ad finem versus, confessio ad audientes revertitur: qui sine peccato est, primum lapidem mittat secundum [[Evangelium secundum Ioannem]] (VIII, 7). Etsi homo exteriora videt, Deus solus cor intuetur. Poeta tandem se renovatum praebet, quasi infans qui lac novum concupiscit, et principes orbis hortatur ut victis parcant, sicut nobilis ira leonis facit, parodiam agens elementorum tam biblicorum quam pseudo-ovidianorum. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 299&lt;/ref&gt;
== Investigatio palaeographica musica ==
Analysi palaeographica demonstratur carmen ''Estuans intrinsecus'' (CB 191), notum ut &quot;Confessio Goliae&quot;, inter omnia carmina goliardica latinitatis medii aevi latissime diffusam esse, quod testatur numerus codicum manu scriptorum (plus quam viginti quinque) ubi invenitur. Codices praecipui sunt [[Bayerische Staatsbibliothek|Clm 4660]] (Codex Buranus), ubi textus amplissima forma triginta stropharum exaratus est, necnon alii codices vetustiores saeculi XII et XIII, sicut codex Oxoniensis Digby 166 et Harleianus 978. Ex parte scripturae, textus saepe cum aliis carminibus moralibus, scilicet ''Ad terrorem omnium'' et ''Tempus acceptabile'', coniungitur vel confunditur, quod palaeographi ad usum communis melodiae attribuunt. In codice Vorau 374 (V1), notatio musica pro carmine ''Ad terrorem'' servata est, quae ob eandem structuram metricam (stropham goliardicam) ad carmen ''Estuans'' aptari potest. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/191estuans.html |title=Estuans intrinsecus (cb 191) |work=Examen apium |accessdate=30 Aprilis 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Investigatio recentior, a musicologis sicut Johann Friedrich Hoffmann peracta, confirmavit nexum inter textum Archipoetae et melodiam in codicibus repertam per &quot;Ansingestrophen&quot; (strophas praeambulas), ubi primi versus Confessionis quasi index melicus praecedunt carmina anonyma. Haec melodia, in notatione decifrabile servata, cursum syllabicum et rhythmicum carminis definit. Praeterea, alia hypothesis palaeographica suggerit usum melodiae ex ''Ludo de Passione'' (CB 16*), ubi strophae goliardicae (e.g., ''Mundi delectatio'') notis musicis in Codice Burano et in Passione Viennesi ornantur. Hae notationes, licet inter se leviter varient, unum exemplar melodicum &quot;lascivum&quot; et popularem praebent, quod usui vagorum et scholasticorum saeculi XIII convenit. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/191estuans.html |title=Estuans intrinsecus (cb 191) |work=Examen apium |accessdate=30 Aprilis 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliographia ==
*    {{Ecce citatio
    | id = Rossi, 2006
    | c = {{Opus
    | cognomen redactoris = Rossi
    | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius
    | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
    | annus = 2006
    | annus primae editionis = 1989
    | editio = 8
    | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]
    | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
    | isbn = 88-452-5307-4
    | lingua = it
    }}
    }}
{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]
[[Categoria:Carmina Burana (Orff)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Le Molay-Littry</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <comment>/* Coniunctio communium */</comment>
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''' Le Molay-Littry''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 3092 incolarum (anno [[2009]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Calva Dorsa|Calvorum Dorsorum]] in regione [[Normannia Inferior]]i.

== Coniunctio communium ==
* [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]] (commune generale in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm)

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Calvorum Dorsorum]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Le Molay-Littry|Le Molay-Littry}}
* {{INSEE commune|14370|de=Le Molay-Littry}}
* [http://ville-molay-littry.fr/ Le Molay-Littry pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Rupis Calvadosiae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rupis Calvadosiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Almstedium</title>
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      <text bytes="2091" sha1="o1r8mk4s19d5gsob7f4fjilpj4jma2n" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''[[Almstedium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Almsteden'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Publikationen aus den Königlichen Preußischen Staatsarchiven (Documentum saeculi XIII de bonis in Almsteden)'' (Vol. I). Lipsiae, in Germania: S. Hirzel Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Almstedt'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]] est. Ad commune etiam vicus [[Segesta (Almstedium)|Segesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Publikationen aus den Königlichen Preußischen Staatsarchiven (Documentum saeculi XIII de bonis in Almsteden) (Vol. I)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Segeste'') pertinet.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Almstedt 005.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia in vico Almstedio]]
Almstedium anno [[1151]] primo in actis descriptus est. Nomen partis [[Segesta (Almstedium)|Segestae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Publikationen aus den Königlichen Preußischen Staatsarchiven (Documentum saeculi XIII de bonis in Almsteden) (Vol. I)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Segeste'') fortasse [[Segestes|Segestis]] soceris [[Arminius|Armini]] [[Cherusci]] admonet. Ab anno [[1974]] Almstedium ad commune generale [[Sibbesse (commune generale)|Sibbesse]] pertinet&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sibbesse.de/index.php?id=152002000533 Historia vici in pagina communis generalis Sibbesse (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus terrae Northemiensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>170754</id>
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      <parentid>3977081</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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'''Circulus terrae Northemiensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Northemiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Northeim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Northemiensis-e&quot; ad urbem [[Northemium]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20250803053804/https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Northeim''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Northeim''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Northemium]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NOM.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo terrae Northemiensi]]
Circulus terrae Northemiensis a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2013]], cum [[Kreiensen]] ad [[Einbeck]] urbs accessisset, 11 communia habet. Quae sunt:

* [[Gandersum]], oppidum
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde''), oppidum
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel''), urbs
* [[Einbeck]], oppidum
* [[Hardegsen]], oppidum
* [[Kalefeld]] commune
* [[Katlenburg-Lindau]] commune
* [[Moringen]], commune
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]], commune
* [[Northemium]], oppidum et caput circuli
* [[Uslar]], oppidum

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Northeim]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dassela</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dassel]] ad [[Dassela]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <text bytes="1763" sha1="c855e1cl63tc3lek2109l9aro8lv186" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:DasselOldTownHall.jpg|thumb|Curia vetus Dassiliae.]]
'''Dassel''' ('''Villa Dassilia''') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Northeim|circuli Northeim]] est. Ad Dassiliam etiam vici Amelsen, Deitersen, Eilensen, Ellensen, Hilwartshausen, Hoppensen, Hunnesrück, Krimmensen, Lauenberg, Lüthorst, Mackensen, Markoldendorf, Portenhagen, Relliehausen, Sievershausen atque Wellersen pertinent.

== Historia ==
Dassel saeculo 9 primum nomine ''villa Dassila'' in actis descripta est.&lt;ref&gt;Traditiones Corvey, 428.&lt;/ref&gt; Ab anno [[1310]] Dassel [[episcopus|episcopo]] [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis|Hildesiensi]] subditum erat. Anno [[1523]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Ducatum Brunsvicensem et Luneburgensem]] adiectum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]], annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], tum ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Martii]] [[1974]] vici supra enumerati communi Dassel - nunc oppido - adiecti sunt.

== Cives clari ==
* [[Iordanus de Saxonia]] (1190 - 1237), [[Magister Ordinis Praedicatorum]].
* [[Rainaldus de Dassel]], Archiepiscopus [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]

== Bibliographia ==
* Ioannes Mirus: ''Chronik der Stadt Dassel, von der Grafschaft bis zur Gebietsreform 1974'', Hildesheim 1981
* Hubertus Zummach: ''Ruina mundi!, Rainald von Dassel, des Heiligen Römischen Reiches Erz- und Reichskanzler'', [[Holtisminni]]s 2007, ISBN 978-3-940751-00-3
* Ioannes Letzner: ''Dasselische und Einbeckische Chronica'', Erfurt 1596.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:DasselOldTownHall.jpg|thumb|Curia vetus Dasselae.]]
'''Dassela'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dassila'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; seu '''Villa Dassila'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'') urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|circuli Northemiensis]] est. Ad Dasselam etiam vici Amelsen, Deitersen, Eilensen, Ellensen, Hilwartshausen, Hoppensen, Hunnesrück, Krimmensen, Lauenberg, Lüthorst, Mackensen, Markoldendorf, Portenhagen, Relliehausen, Sievershausen atque Wellersen pertinent.

== Historia ==
Dassela saeculo 9 primum nomine &quot;villa Dassila&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra&quot;&gt;Traditiones Corvey, 428.&lt;/ref&gt; in actis descripta est. Ab anno [[1310]] Dassela [[episcopus|episcopo]] [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis|Hildesiensi]] subdita erat. Anno [[1523]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Ducatum Brunsvicensem et Luneburgensem]] adiecta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]], annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], tum ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Martii]] [[1974]] vici supra enumerati communi Dasselae - nunc urbi - adiecti sunt.

== Cives clari ==
* [[Iordanus de Saxonia]] (1190 - 1237), [[Magister Ordinis Praedicatorum]].
* [[Rainaldus de Dassela]], Archiepiscopus [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]

== Bibliographia ==
* Ioannes Mirus: ''Chronik der Stadt Dassel, von der Grafschaft bis zur Gebietsreform 1974'', Hildesheim 1981
* Hubertus Zummach: ''Ruina mundi!, Rainald von Dassel, des Heiligen Römischen Reiches Erz- und Reichskanzler'', [[Holtisminni]]s 2007, ISBN 978-3-940751-00-3
* Ioannes Letzner: ''Dasselische und Einbeckische Chronica'', Erfurt 1596.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Dassel|Dassselam}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4482" sha1="hrx45roy759gsewvb4dwv1u771h0ngn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:DasselOldTownHall.jpg|thumb|Curia vetus Dasselae.]]
'''Dassela'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dassila'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; seu '''Villa Dassila'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'') urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|circuli Northemiensis]] est. Ad Dasselam etiam vici [[Amelunshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cas2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Northeim (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil V)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Amelsen''), [[Dethardshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cas 2005&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2005). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Northeim (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil V)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Deitersen''), [[Eilingshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fic&quot;&gt;Ficker, J. (1862). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Philipp, Otto IV, Friedrich II''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eilensen''), [[Ellenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Ellensen''), [[Hilwardeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun&quot;&gt;Gundling, N. H. (1732). ''Gundlingiana, darinnen allerhand zur Jurisprudentia, Historie und Critic gehörige Sachen abgehandelt werden (Vol. 42)''. Renger.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hilwartshausen''), [[Hoppenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Michaelsteinenses et Amelxbornenses: Diplomatica et Historica''. Typis Reyherianis.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hoppensen''), [[Hunnesruccum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lün&quot;&gt;Lünig, J. C. (1720). ''Codex Germaniae Diplomaticus, in quo exhibentur chartae et documenta quibus territoria imperii illustrantur''. Renger.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hunnesrück''), [[Krymenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bar&quot;&gt;Baring, D. E. (1744). ''Succincta Notitia Scriptorum Rerum Brunsvicensium ac Luneburgensium''. Sumptibus Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Krimmensen''), [[Leoburgum (Dassela)|Leoburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertatio de utriusque Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis''. Typis Georgii Henrici Grodii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lauenberg''), [[Luthardestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cas 2005&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Lüthorst''), [[Mackenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Har&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1739). ''Historia Ecclesiae Gandershemensis Diplomatica (Vol. 1)''. Officina Cunoana.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Mackensen''), [[Oldendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud4&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (1862). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande (Vol. 4)''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Markoldendorf''), [[Portenhagia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pfe&quot;&gt;Pfeffinger, J. F. (1734). ''Historie des Braunschweig-Lüneburgischen Hauses und dessen Landen''. Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Portenhagen''), [[Relligshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ass&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Relliehausen''), [[Sifridushusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Sievershausen'') atque [[Wellershusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cas 2005&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Wellersen'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
Dassela saeculo 9 primum nomine &quot;villa Dassila&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra&quot;&gt;Traditiones Corvey, 428.&lt;/ref&gt; in actis descripta est. Ab anno [[1310]] Dassela [[episcopus|episcopo]] [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis|Hildesiensi]] subdita erat. Anno [[1523]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Ducatum Brunsvicensem et Luneburgensem]] adiecta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]], annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], tum ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Martii]] [[1974]] vici supra enumerati communi Dasselae - nunc urbi - adiecti sunt.

== Cives clari ==
* [[Iordanus de Saxonia]] (1190 - 1237), [[Magister Ordinis Praedicatorum]].
* [[Rainaldus de Dassela]], Archiepiscopus [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]

== Bibliographia ==
* Ioannes Mirus: ''Chronik der Stadt Dassel, von der Grafschaft bis zur Gebietsreform 1974'', Hildesheim 1981
* Hubertus Zummach: ''Ruina mundi!, Rainald von Dassel, des Heiligen Römischen Reiches Erz- und Reichskanzler'', [[Holtisminni]]s 2007, ISBN 978-3-940751-00-3
* Ioannes Letzner: ''Dasselische und Einbeckische Chronica'', Erfurt 1596.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Dassel|Dassselam}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adelebsenum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>171897</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979317</id>
      <parentid>3973189</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="2576" sha1="ej5wxy0ay27rtv5gdutxmyc17r5skev" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:StMartini Adelebsen.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Martini Adelebseni.]]
'''Adelebsenum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Adelevessen'''&lt;ref&gt;Gundling, N. H. (1721). ''De Statu Nobilitatis Immediatae Imperii S. R. I. in Terris Circuli Westphalici et Saxonici Dissertatio''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Officina Rengeriana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'') est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Adelebsenum etiam vici [[Bertolderoda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kir&quot;&gt;Kirsten, C. (Ed.) (1975). Urkundenbuch des Stifts Hilwartshausen (Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht).&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Barterode''), [[Ebereshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fah&quot;&gt;Fahlbusch, O. (Ed.) (1952). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte de Fürstentums Göttingen: Band 1''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eberhausen''), [[Erpeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch&quot;&gt;Schaten, N. (1773). ''Annales Paderbornenses, cum diplomatibus et chartis authenticis''. Typis academicis.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Erbsen''), [[Guntereshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sic&quot;&gt;Sickel, T. (Ed.) (1884). ''Conradi I, Heinrici I et Ottonis I Diplomata (Monumenta Germaniae Historica)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Güntersen''), [[Lodingeshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cas&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen (Westfälisches Ortsnamenbuch, Band 4)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lödingsen'') atque [[Wibbechium]]&lt;ref name=Mun&quot;&quot;&gt;Mundhenke, H. (Ed.) (1969). ''Urkundenbuch der Familie von Adelebsen''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wibbecke'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
Anno [[990]] Adelebsenum nomine ''Ethelleveshusen'' primo in actis [[Otto III (imperator)|Ottonis III]] imperatoris descriptum est, qui sorori his in locis agros donavit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]], annis 1815 - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], deinde ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. [[1885]] - [[1932]] ad circulum [[Uslar]], deinde ad [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Northemiensem]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et a [[1973]] circuli Gottingae est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;
== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Adelebsen|Adelebsenum}}
* [http://www.adelebsen.de Pagina communis Adelebseni (lingua Theodisca)]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Guelpherbytensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174922</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979311</id>
      <parentid>3979245</parentid>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Guelpherbytensi]]
'''Circulus Guelpherbytensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Wulfenbüttel''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1831]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvicum]] terram pertinuit. Caput circuli urbs [[Guelpherbytum]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
32 communia huius circuli magna parte in &quot;communia generalia&quot; coniuncti sunt:

* [[Guelpherbytum]] urbs (53.353)
* [[Schladen-Werla]] (8869)
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'') (12.831 incolae)

* [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale (10.479)
** [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891)
** [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'') (2314)
** [[Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Elbe]] (1649)
** [[Haverlah]] (1558)
** [[Heere]] (1155)
** [[Sehlde]] (912)

* [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)|Elm-Asse]] (18.816)
** [[Denkte]] (3023)
** [[Dahlum]] (722)
** [[Hedeper]] (540)
** [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
** [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
** [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813)

** [[Roklum]] (460)
** [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
** [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
** [[Uehrde]] (947)
** [[Vahlberg]] (781)
** [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
** [[Wittmar]] (1208)

* [[Silva Oderana (commune generale)|Silva Oderana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oderwald'') commune generale (6839)
** [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'') (2791, sedes administrationis)
** [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'') (952)
** [[Dorstadt]] (668)
** [[Flöthe]] (1181)
** [[Heiningen (Saxonia Inferior)|Heiningen]] (664)
** [[Ohrum]] (583)

* [[Sickte (commune generale)|Sickte]] commune generale (10.308)
** [[Dettum]] (1174)
** [[Erkerode]] (1000)
** [[Evessen]] (1297)
** [[Sickte]] (5792)
** [[Veltheim (Ohe)|Veltheim]] (1045)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
* Circulus vetus Brunsvicum anno [[1965]] coniunctionem cum [[Cachan]] in [[Francia]] constituit, quam etiam nunc circulus novus colit.
* Cum Powiat Wrzesiński in [[Polonia]] circulus anno [[2001]] coniunctionem coepit.
* Rhondda Cynon Taf in [[Cambria]] ab anno [[1992]] cum circulo Guelpherbytensi coniunctione coniunctus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Wolfenbüttel|Circulus Guelpherbytensis}}
* [http://www.lk-wolfenbuettel.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulpherbytensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1831]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Guelpherbytensi]]
'''Circulus Guelpherbytensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Wulfenbüttel''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1831]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvicum]] terram pertinuit. Caput circuli urbs [[Guelpherbytum]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
32 communia huius circuli magna parte in &quot;communia generalia&quot; coniuncti sunt:

* [[Guelpherbytum]] urbs (53.353)
* [[Schladen-Werla]] (8869)
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'') (12.831 incolae)

* [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale (10.479)
** [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891)
** [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'') (2314)
** [[Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Elbe]] (1649)
** [[Haverlah]] (1558)
** [[Heere]] (1155)
** [[Sehlde]] (912)

* [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)|Elm-Asse]] (18.816)
** [[Denkte]] (3023)
** [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
** [[Hedeper]] (540)
** [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
** [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
** [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813)

** [[Roklum]] (460)
** [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
** [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
** [[Uehrde]] (947)
** [[Vahlberg]] (781)
** [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
** [[Wittmar]] (1208)

* [[Silva Oderana (commune generale)|Silva Oderana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oderwald'') commune generale (6839)
** [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'') (2791, sedes administrationis)
** [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'') (952)
** [[Dorstadt]] (668)
** [[Flöthe]] (1181)
** [[Heiningen (Saxonia Inferior)|Heiningen]] (664)
** [[Ohrum]] (583)

* [[Sickte (commune generale)|Sickte]] commune generale (10.308)
** [[Dettum]] (1174)
** [[Erkerode]] (1000)
** [[Evessen]] (1297)
** [[Sickte]] (5792)
** [[Veltheim (Ohe)|Veltheim]] (1045)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
* Circulus vetus Brunsvicum anno [[1965]] coniunctionem cum [[Cachan]] in [[Francia]] constituit, quam etiam nunc circulus novus colit.
* Cum Powiat Wrzesiński in [[Polonia]] circulus anno [[2001]] coniunctionem coepit.
* Rhondda Cynon Taf in [[Cambria]] ab anno [[1992]] cum circulo Guelpherbytensi coniunctione coniunctus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Wolfenbüttel|Circulus Guelpherbytensis}}
* [http://www.lk-wolfenbuettel.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulpherbytensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1831]]</text>
      <sha1>fn82l4q1j6pwd3bwrymbcck2a6yqzoh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979431</id>
      <parentid>3979386</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:39:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979431</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5431" sha1="qae7zej7d0pt9170stclc6cq8ck6beb" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Guelpherbytensi]]
'''Circulus Guelpherbytensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Wulfenbüttel''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1831]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvicum]] terram pertinuit. Caput circuli urbs [[Guelpherbytum]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
32 communia huius circuli magna parte in &quot;communia generalia&quot; coniuncti sunt:

* [[Guelpherbytum]] urbs (53.353)
* [[Schladen-Werla]] (8869)
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'') (12.831 incolae)

* [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale (10.479)
** [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891)
** [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'') (2314)
** [[Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Elbe]] (1649)
** [[Haverlah]] (1558)
** [[Heere]] (1155)
** [[Sehlde]] (912)

* [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elma-Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elm-Asse'') (18.816)
** [[Denkte]] (3023)
** [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
** [[Hedeper]] (540)
** [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
** [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
** [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813)

** [[Roklum]] (460)
** [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
** [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
** [[Uehrde]] (947)
** [[Vahlberg]] (781)
** [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
** [[Wittmar]] (1208)

* [[Silva Oderana (commune generale)|Silva Oderana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oderwald'') commune generale (6839)
** [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'') (2791, sedes administrationis)
** [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'') (952)
** [[Dorstadt]] (668)
** [[Flöthe]] (1181)
** [[Heiningen (Saxonia Inferior)|Heiningen]] (664)
** [[Ohrum]] (583)

* [[Sickte (commune generale)|Sickte]] commune generale (10.308)
** [[Dettum]] (1174)
** [[Erkerode]] (1000)
** [[Evessen]] (1297)
** [[Sickte]] (5792)
** [[Veltheim (Ohe)|Veltheim]] (1045)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
* Circulus vetus Brunsvicum anno [[1965]] coniunctionem cum [[Cachan]] in [[Francia]] constituit, quam etiam nunc circulus novus colit.
* Cum Powiat Wrzesiński in [[Polonia]] circulus anno [[2001]] coniunctionem coepit.
* Rhondda Cynon Taf in [[Cambria]] ab anno [[1992]] cum circulo Guelpherbytensi coniunctione coniunctus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Wolfenbüttel|Circulus Guelpherbytensis}}
* [http://www.lk-wolfenbuettel.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulpherbytensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1831]]</text>
      <sha1>qae7zej7d0pt9170stclc6cq8ck6beb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979433</id>
      <parentid>3979431</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:44:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5388" sha1="0a64oasyf9pzph7j80mw3q0c3um14hx" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Guelpherbytensi]]
'''Circulus Guelpherbytensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Wulfenbüttel''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1831]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvicum]] terram pertinuit. Caput circuli urbs [[Guelpherbytum]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
32 communia huius circuli magna parte in &quot;communia generalia&quot; coniuncti sunt:

* [[Guelpherbytum]] urbs (53.353)
* [[Schladen-Werla]] (8869)
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'') (12.831 incolae)

* [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale (10.479)
** [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891)
** [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'') (2314)
** [[Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Elbe]] (1649)
** [[Haverlah]] (1558)
** [[Heere]] (1155)
** [[Sehlde]] (912)

* [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elma-Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elm-Asse'') (18.816)
** [[Denkte]] (3023)
** [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
** [[Hedeper]] (540)
** [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
** [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
** [[Remlingen-Semmenstedt]] (2256)
** [[Roklum]] (460)
** [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
** [[Uehrde]] (947)
** [[Vahlberg]] (781)
** [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
** [[Wittmar]] (1208)

* [[Silva Oderana (commune generale)|Silva Oderana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oderwald'') commune generale (6839)
** [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'') (2791, sedes administrationis)
** [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'') (952)
** [[Dorstadt]] (668)
** [[Flöthe]] (1181)
** [[Heiningen (Saxonia Inferior)|Heiningen]] (664)
** [[Ohrum]] (583)

* [[Sickte (commune generale)|Sickte]] commune generale (10.308)
** [[Dettum]] (1174)
** [[Erkerode]] (1000)
** [[Evessen]] (1297)
** [[Sickte]] (5792)
** [[Veltheim (Ohe)|Veltheim]] (1045)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
* Circulus vetus Brunsvicum anno [[1965]] coniunctionem cum [[Cachan]] in [[Francia]] constituit, quam etiam nunc circulus novus colit.
* Cum Powiat Wrzesiński in [[Polonia]] circulus anno [[2001]] coniunctionem coepit.
* Rhondda Cynon Taf in [[Cambria]] ab anno [[1992]] cum circulo Guelpherbytensi coniunctione coniunctus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Wolfenbüttel|Circulus Guelpherbytensis}}
* [http://www.lk-wolfenbuettel.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulpherbytensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1831]]</text>
      <sha1>0a64oasyf9pzph7j80mw3q0c3um14hx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979434</id>
      <parentid>3979433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:44:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979434</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5388" sha1="ec6yr241ptogvob56qum75zp4kv9wk9" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Guelpherbytensi]]
'''Circulus Guelpherbytensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Wulfenbüttel''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1831]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvicum]] terram pertinuit. Caput circuli urbs [[Guelpherbytum]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
32 communia huius circuli magna parte in &quot;communia generalia&quot; coniuncti sunt:

* [[Guelpherbytum]] urbs (53.353)
* [[Schladen-Werla]] (8869)
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'') (12.831 incolae)

* [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale (10.479)
** [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891)
** [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'') (2314)
** [[Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Elbe]] (1649)
** [[Haverlah]] (1558)
** [[Heere]] (1155)
** [[Sehlde]] (912)

* [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elma-Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elm-Asse'') (18.816)
** [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
** [[Denkte]] (3023)
** [[Hedeper]] (540)
** [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
** [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
** [[Remlingen-Semmenstedt]] (2256)
** [[Roklum]] (460)
** [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
** [[Uehrde]] (947)
** [[Vahlberg]] (781)
** [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
** [[Wittmar]] (1208)

* [[Silva Oderana (commune generale)|Silva Oderana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oderwald'') commune generale (6839)
** [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'') (2791, sedes administrationis)
** [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'') (952)
** [[Dorstadt]] (668)
** [[Flöthe]] (1181)
** [[Heiningen (Saxonia Inferior)|Heiningen]] (664)
** [[Ohrum]] (583)

* [[Sickte (commune generale)|Sickte]] commune generale (10.308)
** [[Dettum]] (1174)
** [[Erkerode]] (1000)
** [[Evessen]] (1297)
** [[Sickte]] (5792)
** [[Veltheim (Ohe)|Veltheim]] (1045)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
* Circulus vetus Brunsvicum anno [[1965]] coniunctionem cum [[Cachan]] in [[Francia]] constituit, quam etiam nunc circulus novus colit.
* Cum Powiat Wrzesiński in [[Polonia]] circulus anno [[2001]] coniunctionem coepit.
* Rhondda Cynon Taf in [[Cambria]] ab anno [[1992]] cum circulo Guelpherbytensi coniunctione coniunctus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Wolfenbüttel|Circulus Guelpherbytensis}}
* [http://www.lk-wolfenbuettel.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulpherbytensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1831]]</text>
      <sha1>ec6yr241ptogvob56qum75zp4kv9wk9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Assa (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979401</id>
      <parentid>3853108</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:09:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Asse (commune generale)]] ad [[Assa (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3853108</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1099" sha1="favplhzfwffoh4c6smhs1nayfyzemhz" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Asse''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Asse constitutum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sunt&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/ Pagina interretialis Asse de communi condendo]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nomen a monte Asse in agro communi sito accepit. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] Asse et [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] communia generalia ad novum [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)|Elm-Asse]] commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Asse pertinentes ==
* [[Denkte]] (3023 incolae)
* [[Hedeper]] (540)
* [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813, sedes administrationis)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]
[[Categoria:Dissoluta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>favplhzfwffoh4c6smhs1nayfyzemhz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979404</id>
      <parentid>3979401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:11:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <origin>3979404</origin>
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      <text bytes="1354" sha1="mmaduwnfx1ruvez1a8omjz6qj1vkyk8" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Assa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Asse'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] fuit.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Assa constitutum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sint&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/ Pagina interretialis Asse de communi condendo]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nomen a monte Ass&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Asse'') in agro communi sito accepit. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] Asse et [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] communia generalia ad novum [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmam-Assam]] commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Asse pertinentes ==
* [[Denkte]] (3023 incolae)
* [[Hedeper]] (540)
* [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813, sedes administrationis)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]
[[Categoria:Dissoluta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>mmaduwnfx1ruvez1a8omjz6qj1vkyk8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979405</id>
      <parentid>3979404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:12:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Historia */</comment>
      <origin>3979405</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1356" sha1="jbph8yj3814gfvclwgn6konokcdp1z7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Assa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Asse'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] fuit.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Assa constitutum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sint&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/ Pagina interretialis Assae de communi condendo]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nomen a monte Assa&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Asse'') in agro communi sito accepit. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] Asse et [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] communia generalia ad novum [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmam-Assam]] commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Asse pertinentes ==
* [[Denkte]] (3023 incolae)
* [[Hedeper]] (540)
* [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813, sedes administrationis)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]
[[Categoria:Dissoluta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>jbph8yj3814gfvclwgn6konokcdp1z7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Schöppenstedt (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175353</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979385</id>
      <parentid>3505493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:38:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979385</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1094" sha1="o4lnkgy5j19r36l7xwj32ibwvex82k2" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Schöppenstedt''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] fuit.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Schöppenstedt conditum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sunt. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] Schöppenstedt et [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] communia generalia ad novum [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)|Elm-Asse]] commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Schöppenstedt pertinentes ==
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722 incolae)
* [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
* [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
* [[Uehrde]] (947)
* [[Vahlberg]] (781)
* [[Winnigstedt]] (761)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schoeppenstedt}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia antiqua Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]
[[Categoria:Dissoluta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>o4lnkgy5j19r36l7xwj32ibwvex82k2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979428</id>
      <parentid>3979385</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:34:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979428</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1098" sha1="s74lteyb0ofrd52v24k7nmktrjr6id0" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Schöppenstedt''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] fuit.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Schöppenstedt conditum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sunt. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] Schöppenstedt et [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] communia generalia ad novum [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmam-Assam]] commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Schöppenstedt pertinentes ==
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722 incolae)
* [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
* [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
* [[Uehrde]] (947)
* [[Vahlberg]] (781)
* [[Winnigstedt]] (761)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schoeppenstedt}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia antiqua Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]
[[Categoria:Dissoluta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>s74lteyb0ofrd52v24k7nmktrjr6id0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dengdia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175393</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979412</id>
      <parentid>3853229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:19:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979412</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1341" sha1="1n3vnwb2gzbrcskl8i5gyr2vrfigru6" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Klein-denkte-kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia in vico Klein Denkte sita]]
'''Denkte''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Denkte e vicis Groß Denkte (2057 incolae), Klein Denkte (441), Neindorf (336) atque Sottmar (275) constat.


== Historia ==
Denkte anno [[856]] nomine ''Mark Dengdia'' primo in actis descriptum est, vicus Neindorf iam anno [[822]]. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Quod autem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] Denkte cum vicis supra dictis coniunctum est. Ab eodem anno ad [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130216060644/http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/denkte/ Pagina communis generalis Assae de Denkte scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>1n3vnwb2gzbrcskl8i5gyr2vrfigru6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hedeper</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175395</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979415</id>
      <parentid>3861047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:20:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979415</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1208" sha1="teeoy6mdcik0782uxfzjem6t886i8nr" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Hollaender Muehle Hedeper 20071222.JPG|thumb|left|Mola alata in vico Hedeper]]
'''Hedeper''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Hedeper etiam vicus Wetzleben pertinet.

== Historia ==
Hedeper anno [[1123]] vel [[1188]] primo in actis descriptum est, vicus Wetzleben iam anno [[994]]. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Quod autem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] Hedeper cum Wetzleben coniunctum est. Ab eodem anno ad [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220327164450/http://www.hedeper.de/ www.hedeper.de Pagina communis Hedeper]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]]</text>
      <sha1>teeoy6mdcik0782uxfzjem6t886i8nr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kissenbruga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175405</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979425</id>
      <parentid>3752866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:31:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979425</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1510" sha1="95cg3ptvaq6db9zm9ww3os07yhigahf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kissenbruga'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kissenbrück'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Kissenbrugam etiam vicus Hedwigsburg pertinet. Quo in loco castellum Guelphorum fuit, quod inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicorum]] aeroplanorum opera deletum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121208013414/http://www.gaerten-parks.de/gaerten-und-parks/landkreis-wolfenbuettel/schlosspark-rittergut-hedwigsburg.html Pagina de Castello Hedwigsburg]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historia ==
Kissenbruga iam saeculo 10 primo in actis descriptum est. Alio nomine '''Kissanbruggi''' ('''villa''') appellatur. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Quod autem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kissenbrück|Kissenbrugam}}
* [http://www.kissenbrueck.de/Pagina communis Hedeper]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kissenbrueck}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]]</text>
      <sha1>95cg3ptvaq6db9zm9ww3os07yhigahf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Remlinga (Saxonia Inferior)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979429</id>
      <parentid>3925671</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:35:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1679" sha1="mle4rdvibdsga1i3zq2s1ir3t7ssvr7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Remlinga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Remlingen&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Remlingen'' in Latinam &quot;Remlinga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}} aut [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Remlingen'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Remlingam etiam vici Groß Biewende et Klein Biewende pertinet.

== Historia ==
Remlinga iam anno [[1022]] nomine ''Remninge'' primo in actis descriptum est. Klein Biewende anno [[1174]] Groß Biewende anno [[1118]] primo nominta est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Quod autem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1974]] vici supra dicti cum Remlinga coniuncti sunt. Eodem anno ad [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] commune generale pertinuit, cuius sedes administrationis fuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121124045543/http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/remlingen Pagina communis generalis Asse de communi Remlinga scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]]</text>
      <sha1>mle4rdvibdsga1i3zq2s1ir3t7ssvr7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Roklum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175545</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979408</id>
      <parentid>3852918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:14:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979408</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="887" sha1="818b6l7nrpm6z5xw7ye3tat9ak31wix" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Roklum''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm.

== Historia ==
Roklum anno [[1159]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1815]] pars Borussiae fuit et anno [[1941]] a circulo [[Werningroda]] ad circulum Guelpherbytensem transiit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121124042008/http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/roklum Pagina communis generalis Assae de Roklum scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>818b6l7nrpm6z5xw7ye3tat9ak31wix</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Semmenstedt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175546</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979427</id>
      <parentid>3852950</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:33:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979427</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1183" sha1="rld5wtklh75mfks413a9u9n4vb0ipcj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Semmenstedt''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Semmenstedt etiam vicus Timmern pertinet.

== Historia ==
Semmenstedt anno [[1022]] nomine ''Zemmenstidde'' primo in actis descriptum est, sed certe multo vetustior est. Timmern iam saeculo 10 nomine ''Timbron'' desciptum est. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Quod autem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121127120151/http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/semmenstedt Pagina communis generalis Asse de Semmenstedt scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>rld5wtklh75mfks413a9u9n4vb0ipcj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wittmar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175617</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979409</id>
      <parentid>3966031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:15:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <origin>3979409</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1410" sha1="6j3pyv9lgs2uor8f74ujsi4u1mcfl30" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Wittmar''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Bismarckturm Wittmar IMG 3390.jpg|thumb|left|Turris [[Otho de Bismarck|Othoni de Bismarck]] anno [[1900]]/[[1901|01]] in vico Wittmar erectum&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080617211631/http://www.hva-asse.de/Die_Asse/Bismarckturm/bismarckturm.html Pagina de Turri Bismarck]&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Wittmar anno [[1244]] primo in actis descriptum est, sed certe multo vetustior est. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Quod autem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121127120151/http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/semmenstedt Pagina communis generalis Asse de Semmenstedt scripta]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]</text>
      <sha1>6j3pyv9lgs2uor8f74ujsi4u1mcfl30</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979411</id>
      <parentid>3979409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:18:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979411</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1411" sha1="nps7jybhzgbf5xlx5lgmo95063tntdo" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Wittmar''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Bismarckturm Wittmar IMG 3390.jpg|thumb|left|Turris [[Otho de Bismarck|Othoni de Bismarck]] anno [[1900]]/[[1901|01]] in vico Wittmar erectum&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080617211631/http://www.hva-asse.de/Die_Asse/Bismarckturm/bismarckturm.html Pagina de Turri Bismarck]&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Wittmar anno [[1244]] primo in actis descriptum est, sed certe multo vetustior est. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Quod autem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121127120151/http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/semmenstedt Pagina communis generalis Assae de Semmenstedt scripta]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]</text>
      <sha1>nps7jybhzgbf5xlx5lgmo95063tntdo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>176595</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979380</id>
      <parentid>3505519</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:29:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dahlum]] ad [[Dalum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3505519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1026" sha1="gwaponrrtdvd647ggr74gx6eajt0icj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dahlum''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. E vicis Groß Dahlum et Klein Dahlum constat.

== Historia ==
Dahlum, quando conditum sit, nescimus. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Dahlum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1941]] e [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] ad circulum Guelpherbytum transiit. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)|Elm-Asse]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.schoeppenstedt.net pagina communis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>gwaponrrtdvd647ggr74gx6eajt0icj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979384</id>
      <parentid>3979380</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:36:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979384</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1793" sha1="kemgc2x9vj971iqoqz3di0ilkud6fzy" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dalum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. E vicis [[Dalum Maius|Dalo Maiore]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gar&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Groß Dahlum'') et [[Dalum Minus|Dalo Minore]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cas&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Klein Dahlum'') constat.

== Historia ==
Dalum, quando conditum sit, nescimus. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Dalum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1941]] e [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] ad circulum Guelpherbytum transiit. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)|Elm-Asse]] est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dahlum|Dalum}}
* [http://www.schoeppenstedt.net Pagina interretialis communis generalis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>kemgc2x9vj971iqoqz3di0ilkud6fzy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kneitlingen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>176637</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979424</id>
      <parentid>3505520</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:30:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979424</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1079" sha1="2ee7pcpfqd9mh2sqctn0s1zreme2g36" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kneitlingen''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. E vicis Ampleben, Bansleben, Eilum atque Kneitlingen constat.

== Historia ==
Kneitlingen anno [[1135]] primo in actis [[Lotharius III (imperator)|Lotharii III.]] imperatoris descripta est. Hic, si famae credimus, [[Till Eulenspiegel]] stultus notus natus est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Kneitlingen pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elmz-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.schoeppenstedt.net pagina communis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>2ee7pcpfqd9mh2sqctn0s1zreme2g36</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Schöppenstedt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177007</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979420</id>
      <parentid>3505521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:22:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1138" sha1="a7krqr3idfuch7bmeqpdexfokm2k6e6" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Schöppenstedt''' est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Schöppenstedt vici, Eitzum, Sambleben atque Schliestedt pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Schoeppenstedt-fachwerk-1.JPG|thumb|left|Domus in centro historico Schöppenstedt]]
Schöppenstedt anno [[1051]] nomine ''Sciphinstete'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea ad Guelphos pervenit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Schöppenstedt pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] sedes administrationis [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] communis generalis erat. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] caput maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.schoeppenstedt.net pagina communis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]]</text>
      <sha1>a7krqr3idfuch7bmeqpdexfokm2k6e6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uehrde</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177008</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979423</id>
      <parentid>3781377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:29:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979423</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1160" sha1="nnyyctelepwto3hc23xz987fllcacyh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Uehrde''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Uehrde etiam vici Warle, Barnstorf et Watzum pertinent.

== Historia ==
Uehrde anno [[888]] nomine ''Urithi'' primo in actis descripta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Uehrde pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.schoeppenstedt.net pagina communis Schöppenstedt]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170419171518/http://warle.de/ Pagina vici Warle]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130719063745/http://watzum.de/ Pagina vici Watzum]
* [http://www.uehrde.de Pagina vici Uehrde]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>nnyyctelepwto3hc23xz987fllcacyh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vahlberg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177039</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979419</id>
      <parentid>3505523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:22:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979419</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1517" sha1="prhm4kb7lonh3yw8w57khqqgpmiw5po" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Grosser Vahlberg view.jpg|thumb|left|Groß Vahlberg]]
'''Vahlberg''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Vahlberg vici Groß Vahlberg, Klein Vahlberg et Berklingen pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Vahlberg (Merian).jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Klein Vahlberg in [[Topographia Germania]]e [[Matthaeus Merian Senior|Matthaei Merian Senioris]] anno [[1653]] depictus]]
Vahlberg anno [[1242]] nomine ''Valeberke'' primo in actis descripta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Vahlberg pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem transiit. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.schoeppenstedt.net pagina communis Schöppenstedt]
{{Wikisource|Topographia Braunschweig Lüneburg: Grossen Vahlberg|Grossen Vahlberg in Topographia Brunsvici-Luneburgensi (Matthaeus Merian) depictum}}
{{Wikisource|Topographia Braunschweig Lüneburg: Lütken Vahlberg|Lütken Vahlberg in Topographia Brunsvici-Luneburgensi (Matthaeus Merian) depictum}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]</text>
      <sha1>prhm4kb7lonh3yw8w57khqqgpmiw5po</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Winnigstedt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177040</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979417</id>
      <parentid>3505524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:21:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979417</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="939" sha1="kjsg3y318dxzvdquk3imdkou5mt6gos" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Winnigstedt''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Winnigstedt etiam vicus Mattierzoll pertinet.

== Historia ==
Winnigstedt anno [[1182]] primo in actis descripta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Winnigstedt pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.schoeppenstedt.net pagina communis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>kjsg3y318dxzvdquk3imdkou5mt6gos</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Helmstadiensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979527</id>
      <parentid>3976329</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:23:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2758" sha1="ol4ooyi45kbkmvy4yvw3g49ha1qecsf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Helmstadiensi]]
'''Circulus Helmstadiensis''', nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1833]] conditus est et ad annum [[1918]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] et ad [[1946]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit, nunc autem ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Helmstadium]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Büddenstedt]] (2709 incolae)
* [[Helmstadium]] urbs (''Helmstedt'') (23.686)
* [[Luttera Regalis]] urbs (''Königslutter'') (15.666)
* [[Lehre]] (11.466)
* [[Scahuningi]] urbs (''Schöningen'') (11.847)

* [[Grasleben (commune generale)|Grasleben]] commune generale (4661)
** [[Grasleben]], sedes administrationis (2441)
** [[Mariental]] (977)
** [[Querenhorst]] (536)
** [[Rennau]] (707)

* [[Heeseberg (commune generale)|Heeseberg]] commune generale (4003)
** [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'') (406)
** [[Gevensleben]] (658)
** [[Ingeleben]] (407)
** [[Jerxheim]] (1140)
** [[Söllingen]] (656)
** [[Twieflingen]] (736)

* [[Nord-Elm (commune generale)|Nord-Elm]] commune generale (5.792)
** [[Frellstedt]] (826)
** [[Räbke]] (683)
** [[Süpplingen]] (1739)
** [[Süpplingenburg]] (656)
** [[Warberg]] (854)
** [[Wolsdorf]] (1034)

* [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]] commune generale (12.232)
** [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'') (1959)
** [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'') (2106)
** [[Grafhorst]] (982)
** [[Groß Twülpstedt]] (2620)
** [[Velpke]] (4565)

== Coniunctio pagorum ==
* Powiat Wejherowski ([[Polonia]])
==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;
== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Helmstedt|Circulus Helmstadiensis}}
* [http://www.helmstedt.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Helmstadiensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1833]]</text>
      <sha1>ol4ooyi45kbkmvy4yvw3g49ha1qecsf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Luttera Regalis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178657</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979374</id>
      <parentid>3505539</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:06:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;Regio lotharia&quot; nomen addidi</comment>
      <origin>3979374</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1576" sha1="8f9rzi9rme42tb816jkf3fg1asovpn1" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Regio Lotharia'''&lt;ref&gt;https://portraits.hab.de/werk/4510&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Luttera Regalis''' (Germanice ''Königslutter'') est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Praeter oppidum ipsum e vicis Beienrode, Boimstorf, Bornum am Elm, Glentorf, Groß Steinum, Klein Steimke, Lauingen, Lelm, Ochsendorf, Rhode (cum Bisdorf), Rieseberg, Rotenkamp, Rottorf, Scheppau, Schickelsheim, Sunstedt atque Uhry constat.


== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Königslutter Merian.png|thumb|left|Luttera Regalis circum annum 1650 depictum]]
Vicus ''Lûtere'' anno [[1135]] primo in actis descriptus est. Eodem anno ecclesia cathedralis atque palatium [[Lotharius III (imperator)|Lotharius III]] imperator aedificari iussit. Anno [[1318]] mercatus in ''Foro Luttere'' institutus est. Anno [[1400]] Luttera oppidi ius accepit. Postea possessio [[Guelphi|Geulphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum pars primo [[Ducatus Brunsvici]], deinde ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem transiit.

== Cives clari ==
* [[Samuel Hahnemann]] (1755 - 1843), [[medicus]] et de [[medicina]] scriptor, notus praecipue [[homoiopathia]]e conditor, annis 1796 - 1799 hic vixit.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Königslutter am Elm|Luttera Regalis}}
* [[www.koenigslutter.de Pagina communis Lutterae Regalis]]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1135]]</text>
      <sha1>8f9rzi9rme42tb816jkf3fg1asovpn1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Velpke (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178889</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979526</id>
      <parentid>3974390</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:22:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1081" sha1="9rhr28h9xezsp3uxz77e2p42860hem8" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Velpke''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|circulo Helmstadiensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Velpke conditum est. Sedes administrationis [[Velpke]] est.

== Communia ad Velpke pertinentes ==
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'') (1959 incolae)
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'') (2106)
* [[Grafhorst]] (982)
* [[Groß Twülpstedt]] (2620)
* [[Velpke]], sedes administrationis (4565)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
      <sha1>9rhr28h9xezsp3uxz77e2p42860hem8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Danthorpum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979515</id>
      <parentid>3714909</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:09:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Danndorf]] ad [[Danthorpum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3714909</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1070" sha1="ezbbvxfp5xn4f40nbxby6bfi3nxmnv0" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Danndorf''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Danndorf ab anno [[1974]] pars est communis generalis [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Danndorf Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Crucis Danndorf]]
Danndorf anno [[1150]] nomine ''Danthorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.danndorf.de Pagina communis Danndorf]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616061614/http://www.velpke.de/samtgemeinde-und-doerfer/danndorf/index.html Pagina communis generalis Velpke de Danndorf scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>ezbbvxfp5xn4f40nbxby6bfi3nxmnv0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979519</id>
      <parentid>3979515</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:16:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2040" sha1="1an779i08frjjak3pm0ulcv1oa2keod" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Danthorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Danthorp'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;/&gt; seu '''Dandorfeum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2011). ''Urbarium Werdinense ejsque banna y de van Dandorpe ad saeculum XIV''. In ''Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen'' (Vol. 54, p. 173-174).&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dandorpheum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka&quot;/&gt; seu '''Tandorffum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Köb&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2015). ''Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder: Die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart (VIII ed.)''. Honorarprofessur für Rechtsgeschichte der Universität Innsbruck.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Danthorpum ab anno [[1974]] pars est communis generalis [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Danndorf Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Crucis Danthorpi.]]
Danthorpum anno [[1150]] nomine ''Danthorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

==Notae=
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.danndorf.de Pagina communis Danthorpi.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616061614/http://www.velpke.de/samtgemeinde-und-doerfer/danndorf/index.html Pagina communis generalis Velpke de Danthorpo scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>1an779i08frjjak3pm0ulcv1oa2keod</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979524</id>
      <parentid>3979519</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:20:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* =Notae */</comment>
      <origin>3979524</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2061" sha1="ss0fdfamsbrqn46a9s1ra848bi40ufb" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Danthorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Danthorp'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;/&gt; seu '''Dandorfeum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2011). ''Urbarium Werdinense ejsque banna y de van Dandorpe ad saeculum XIV''. In ''Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen'' (Vol. 54, p. 173-174).&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dandorpheum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka&quot;/&gt; seu '''Tandorffum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Köb&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2015). ''Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder: Die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart (VIII ed.)''. Honorarprofessur für Rechtsgeschichte der Universität Innsbruck.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Danthorpum ab anno [[1974]] pars est communis generalis [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Danndorf Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Crucis Danthorpi.]]
Danthorpum anno [[1150]] nomine ''Danthorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Danndorf|Danthorpum}}
* [http://www.danndorf.de Pagina communis Danthorpi.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616061614/http://www.velpke.de/samtgemeinde-und-doerfer/danndorf/index.html Pagina communis generalis Velpke de Danthorpo scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>ss0fdfamsbrqn46a9s1ra848bi40ufb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Gifhornensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979613</id>
      <parentid>3978565</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:06:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979613</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5985" sha1="ptr5ebn27d9ctutouqvyoybxb4izao7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in GF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Gifhornensi]]
'''Circulus Gifhornensis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Gifhorn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Gifhorn''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; est.

== Historia ==
Fines circuli saepe mutatae sunt, primo anno [[1932]], cum agri circuli Isenhagi in australi siti adderentur. Anno [[1950]] urbs [[Wolfsburg]] e circulo emancipata est. Anno [[1972]] inter alia et urbs Fallersleben, nunc ad Wolfsburg pertinens circulo dempta est. Communia [[Ummern]] et [[Parsau]] autem eodem tempore ad circulum Gifhorn addita sunt. [[Didderse]] anno [[1972]] in circulum [[Peine]] incolis protestantibus transmissum anno [[1974]] ad Gifhornensem circulum rediit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Gifhorn]] urbs (41.555 incolae)
* [[Sassenburg]] (10.940)
* [[Wittingen]] oppidum (11.603)

* [[Terra Boldecensis (commune generale)|Terra Boldecensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boldecker Land'') commune generale (9839)
** [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'') (1088)
** [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'') (941)
** [[Jembke]] (1959)
** [[Osloß]] (1906)
** [[Tappenbeck]] (1358)
** [[Weyhausen]] (2587, sedes administrationis)

* [[Broma (commune generale)|Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brome''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'') commune generale (15.388)
** [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'') (897)
** [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brome''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')  (3220, sedes administrationis et oppidum)
** [[Ehra-Lessien]] (1638)
** [[Parsau]] (1842)
** [[Rühen]] (4891)
** [[Tiddische]] (1285)
** [[Tülau]] (1515)

* [[Hankensbüttel (commune generale)|Hankensbüttel]] commune generale (9353 incolae)
** [[Hankensbüttel]] (4298, sedes administrationis)
** [[Obernholz]] (909)
** [[Sprakensehl]] (1295)
** [[Steinhorst (Saxonia Inferior)|Steinhorst]] (1338)
** [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') (1513)

* [[Isenbüttel (commune generale)|Isenbüttel]] commune generale (15.270)
** [[Isenbüttel]] (6232, sedes administrationis)
** [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'') (5056)
** [[Ribbesbüttel]] (2119)
** [[Wasbüttel]] (1863)

* [[Meinersen (commune generale)|Meinersen]] commune generale (20.516)
** [[Hillerse]] (2509)
** [[Leiferde]] (4274)
** [[Meinersen]] (8130, sedes administrationis)
** [[Müden (Alara)]] (5603)

* [[Papenteich (commune generale)|Papenteich]] commune generale (23.556)
** [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (1767)
** [[Didderse]] (1322)
** [[Meine]] (8193, sedes administrationis)
** [[Rötgesbüttel]] (2280)
** [[Schwülper]] (6814)
** [[Vordorf]] (3180)

* [[Wesendorf (commune generale)|Wesendorf]] commune generale (14.090)
** [[Groß Oesingen]] (1862)
** [[Schönewörde]] (900)
** [[Ummern]] (1545)
** [[Wagenhoff]] (1130)
** [[Wahrenholz]] (3655)
** [[Wesendorf]] (4998, sedes administrationis)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Gifhorn|Circulum Gifhornensem}}
* [http://www.gifhorn.de/ Pagina interretialis circuli Gifhornensis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gifhorn circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>ptr5ebn27d9ctutouqvyoybxb4izao7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hankensbüttel (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179960</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979609</id>
      <parentid>3505572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:01:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979609</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1007" sha1="eptn3n6dwnsm1tshwnsrxnm4r4c0zjc" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Hankensbüttel''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhorn|Circuli Gifhorn]] est. Ad Hankensbüttel communia , [[Hankensbüttel]] (4298 incolae, quod est sedes administrationis), [[Obernholz]] (909), [[Sprakensehl]] (1295), [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') (1513) atque [[Steinhorst (Saxonia Inferior)|Steinhorst]] (1338) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Hankensbüttel anno [[1996]] a communibus supra dictis conditum est, ut administratio communium melior fieret.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.sg-hankensbuettel.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Hankensbüttel]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hankensbuettel commune generale}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1996]]</text>
      <sha1>eptn3n6dwnsm1tshwnsrxnm4r4c0zjc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979610</id>
      <parentid>3979609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:02:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979610</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1017" sha1="32dmnw22tnrlznebh8hgq2iqs1d9y0b" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Hankensbüttel''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Ad Hankensbüttel communia , [[Hankensbüttel]] (4298 incolae, quod est sedes administrationis), [[Obernholz]] (909), [[Sprakensehl]] (1295), [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') (1513) atque [[Steinhorst (Saxonia Inferior)|Steinhorst]] (1338) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Hankensbüttel anno [[1996]] a communibus supra dictis conditum est, ut administratio communium melior fieret.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.sg-hankensbuettel.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Hankensbüttel]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hankensbuettel commune generale}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1996]]</text>
      <sha1>32dmnw22tnrlznebh8hgq2iqs1d9y0b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Theodolfestorpum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>180589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979595</id>
      <parentid>3715072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:35:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dedelstorf]] ad [[Theodolfestorpum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3715072</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1645" sha1="e8p1gqmsyxoknmz8g7a6tnyeioxfyfi" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dedelstorf''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhorn|Circuli Gifhorn]] est. Ad commune etiam vici Allersehl, Weddersehl, Oerrel, Repke, Lingwedel atque Langwedel pertinent. Dedelstorf ab anno [[1996]] ad commune generale [[Hankensbüttel (commune generale)|Hankensbüttel]] pertinet.

== Historia ==
Dedelstorf anno [[1292]] nomine ''Detlevestorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160619084343/http://www.richthofenkaserne.de/menu-tradgem/die-kaserne.html www.richthofenkaserne.de]&lt;/ref&gt;. Fuit ab anno [[1692]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1936]] in hoc communi castra exercitus Germaniae atque aeroportus militaris aedificati sunt. Etiam post [[secundum bellum mundanum]] usque ad annum [[1992]] milites [[Regnum Unitum|Britannici]] atque Germanici hic vivebant. Ab anno [[1946]] Dedelstorf pars Saxoniae Inferioris, ab anno [[1996]] pars communis generalis Hankensbüttel est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.richthofenkaserne.de/ Pagina de Museo militum commemorante]
* [http://www.sg-hankensbuettel.de/ Pagina communis generalis Hankensbüttel de commune Dedelstorf]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]]</text>
      <sha1>e8p1gqmsyxoknmz8g7a6tnyeioxfyfi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979601</id>
      <parentid>3979595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:42:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2105" sha1="msutg0is33ji73y7u2k5yr8nrgl93e2" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Theodolfestorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dedelstorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud2&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande (Vol. 2)''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dedelstorfium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud2&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Ad commune etiam vici Allersehl, Weddersehl, Oerrel, Repke, Lingwedel atque Langwedel pertinent. Theodolfestorpum ab anno [[1996]] ad commune generale [[Hankensbüttel (commune generale)|Hankensbüttel]] pertinet.

== Historia ==
Theodolfestorpum anno [[1292]] nomine ''Detlevestorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160619084343/http://www.richthofenkaserne.de/menu-tradgem/die-kaserne.html www.richthofenkaserne.de]&lt;/ref&gt;. Fuit ab anno [[1692]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1936]] in hoc communi castra exercitus Germaniae atque aeroportus militaris aedificati sunt. Etiam post [[secundum bellum mundanum]] usque ad annum [[1992]] milites [[Regnum Unitum|Britannici]] atque Germanici hic vivebant. Ab anno [[1946]] Theodolfestorpum pars Saxoniae Inferioris, ab anno [[1996]] pars communis generalis Hankensbüttel est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.richthofenkaserne.de/ Pagina de Museo militum commemorante]
* [http://www.sg-hankensbuettel.de/ Pagina communis generalis Hankensbüttel de commune Theodolfestorpo]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]]</text>
      <sha1>msutg0is33ji73y7u2k5yr8nrgl93e2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979604</id>
      <parentid>3979601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:44:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Historia */</comment>
      <origin>3979604</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2103" sha1="az2ti078i5px94my4e9kkixzl9k72mw" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Theodolfestorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dedelstorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud2&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande (Vol. 2)''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dedelstorfium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud2&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Ad commune etiam vici Allersehl, Weddersehl, Oerrel, Repke, Lingwedel atque Langwedel pertinent. Theodolfestorpum ab anno [[1996]] ad commune generale [[Hankensbüttel (commune generale)|Hankensbüttel]] pertinet.

== Historia ==
Theodolfestorpum anno [[1292]] nomine &quot;Detlevestorpe&quot; primo in actis descriptum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160619084343/http://www.richthofenkaserne.de/menu-tradgem/die-kaserne.html www.richthofenkaserne.de]&lt;/ref&gt;. Fuit ab anno [[1692]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1936]] in hoc communi castra exercitus Germaniae atque aeroportus militaris aedificati sunt. Etiam post [[secundum bellum mundanum]] usque ad annum [[1992]] milites [[Regnum Unitum|Britannici]] atque Germanici hic vivebant. Ab anno [[1946]] Theodolfestorpum pars Saxoniae Inferioris, ab anno [[1996]] pars communis generalis Hankensbüttel est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.richthofenkaserne.de/ Pagina de Museo militum commemorante]
* [http://www.sg-hankensbuettel.de/ Pagina communis generalis Hankensbüttel de commune Theodolfestorpo]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]]</text>
      <sha1>az2ti078i5px94my4e9kkixzl9k72mw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979608</id>
      <parentid>3979604</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:57:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979608</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2814" sha1="qv8uxplnyh0qmi4py95yglzhiexvnr0" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Theodolfestorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dedelstorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud2&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande (Vol. 2)''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dedelstorfium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud2&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Ad commune etiam vici [[Alerseledum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Allersehl''), [[Langewedelia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud2&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Langwedel''), [[Lingewedelia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bar&quot;&gt;Baring, D. E. (1744). ''Succincta Notitia Scriptorum Rerum Brunsvicensium ac Luneburgensium''. Sumptibus Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lingwedel''), [[Orla (Theodolfestorpum)|Orla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertatio de utriusque Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis''. Typis Georgii Henrici Grodii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Oerrel''), [[Rebekium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud2&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Repke'') atque [[Wederseledum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Har&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1739). ''Historia Ecclesiae Gandershemensis Diplomatica (Vol. 1)''. Officina Cunoana.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Weddersehl'') pertinent. Theodolfestorpum ab anno [[1996]] ad commune generale [[Hankensbüttel (commune generale)|Hankensbüttel]] pertinet.

== Historia ==
Theodolfestorpum anno [[1292]] nomine &quot;Detlevestorpe&quot; primo in actis descriptum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160619084343/http://www.richthofenkaserne.de/menu-tradgem/die-kaserne.html www.richthofenkaserne.de]&lt;/ref&gt;. Fuit ab anno [[1692]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1936]] in hoc communi castra exercitus Germaniae atque aeroportus militaris aedificati sunt. Etiam post [[secundum bellum mundanum]] usque ad annum [[1992]] milites [[Regnum Unitum|Britannici]] atque Germanici hic vivebant. Ab anno [[1946]] Theodolfestorpum pars Saxoniae Inferioris, ab anno [[1996]] pars communis generalis Hankensbüttel est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.richthofenkaserne.de/ Pagina de Museo militum commemorante]
* [http://www.sg-hankensbuettel.de/ Pagina communis generalis Hankensbüttel de commune Theodolfestorpo]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]]</text>
      <sha1>qv8uxplnyh0qmi4py95yglzhiexvnr0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hankensbüttel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>181085</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979611</id>
      <parentid>3505591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:04:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979611</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1518" sha1="ttzv5pz99ga3ryoar2d9tm4cq833jq5" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Hankensbüttel Stadtbild.jpg|thumb|left|Hankensbüttel]]
'''Hankensbüttel''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhorn|Circuli Gifhorn]] est. Hankensbüttel ab anno [[1996]] sedes administrationis communis generalis [[Hankensbüttel (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] est.

== Historia ==
Hankensbüttel anno [[1051]] nomine ''Honengesbuthele'' primo in actis [[Henricus III (imperator)|Henrici III]] imperatoris descriptum est. Ab anno [[1106]] sub dicio [[Guelfi|Guephorum]] erat, Fuit ab anno [[1267]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') pars Saxoniae Inferioris, ab anno [[1996]] pars communis generalis Hankensbüttel est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.sg-hankensbuettel.de/ Pagina communis generalis Hankensbüttel]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hankelbuettel}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]]</text>
      <sha1>ttzv5pz99ga3ryoar2d9tm4cq833jq5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979612</id>
      <parentid>3979611</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:04:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979612</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1528" sha1="o7qwldgxgkgnqzrslqzndmpdfdugpvn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Hankensbüttel Stadtbild.jpg|thumb|left|Hankensbüttel]]
'''Hankensbüttel''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Hankensbüttel ab anno [[1996]] sedes administrationis communis generalis [[Hankensbüttel (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] est.

== Historia ==
Hankensbüttel anno [[1051]] nomine ''Honengesbuthele'' primo in actis [[Henricus III (imperator)|Henrici III]] imperatoris descriptum est. Ab anno [[1106]] sub dicio [[Guelfi|Guephorum]] erat, Fuit ab anno [[1267]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') pars Saxoniae Inferioris, ab anno [[1996]] pars communis generalis Hankensbüttel est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.sg-hankensbuettel.de/ Pagina communis generalis Hankensbüttel]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hankelbuettel}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]]</text>
      <sha1>o7qwldgxgkgnqzrslqzndmpdfdugpvn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adenebutla</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>182285</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979318</id>
      <parentid>3973204</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:21:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979318</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2284" sha1="g6d8peyfbui2pce0c6kzscvk7cu3fz8" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Adenebutla'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Adenbutlium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;M&quot;&gt;Müller, J. A. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis et parochiis ditionis Gifhornensis et Papenteichianae''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Adenbutlum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;M&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Adenbüttel'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Adenebutla ab anno [[1974]] pars communis generalis [[Papenteich (commune generale)|Papenteich]] est. Ad commune etiam vicus [[Villa Radulfi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Rolfsbüttel'') pertinet.

== Historia ==
Adenebutla anno [[1226]] primo in actis descripta est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1933]] ad circulum Gifhornensem pertinet. Ab anno [[1946]] Adenebutla pars Saxoniae Inferioris, ab anno [[1970]] pars communis generalis Papenteich est. Anno [[1974]] [[Villa Radulfi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Rolfsbüttel'') cum Adenebutla coniuncta est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120722051300/http://papenteich.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=98&amp;topmenu=27&amp;keepmenu=inactive Pagina communis generalis Papenteich de communi Adenebutla]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adenbuettel}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]</text>
      <sha1>g6d8peyfbui2pce0c6kzscvk7cu3fz8</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Globus aerostaticus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>189936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979616</id>
      <parentid>3717530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:40:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="4998" sha1="0pl5dka29wtuotgg4gacqt3cikygnl8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Bibf hot air balloon.jpg|thumb|Globus aerostaticus aëris calidi volitat.]]
[[Fasciculus:Breitling Orbiter 3 aloft.jpg|thumb|[[Bertrandus Piccard]] et [[Brianus Jones]] primam [[circumnavigatio]]nem per globum aerostaticum ''nonstop'' in ''[[Breitling Orbiter 3]]'' anno [[1999]] perfecerunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Luftballong.jpg|thumb|Globi aerostatici supra [[Didacopolis|Didacopolim]] [[California]]e volitant.]]
[[Fasciculus:Ballon.ogv|thumb|Globi aërostatici proficiscuntur.]]
[[Fasciculus:GasballoonsABQ.jpg|thumb|left|Globi [[gas]]eosi in [[Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta]] volitant.]]
[[Fasciculus:SkyLanternRichy01.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Lanterna hodierna Kongming.]]
[[Fasciculus:Passarola.png|thumb|''Passarola,'' [[navis aëria]] [[Bartolomaeus de Gusmão|Bartolomaei de Gusmão]] [[Olisipo]]ni anno [[1709]] volitabat.]]
'''Globus aërostaticus'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160425153135/http://www.wyomingcatholiccollege.com/faculty-pages/patrick-owens/lexicon/silva/index.aspx Silva,] wyomingcatholiccollege.com.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''aërostaton'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160425153135/http://www.wyomingcatholiccollege.com/faculty-pages/patrick-owens/lexicon/silva/index.aspx Silva,] wyomingcatholiccollege.com.&lt;/ref&gt; in [[aeronautica]] est [[aerostatum]] sine [[vis|vi]], quod sublime movetur vel propter [[volabilitas|volabilitatem]]&lt;!--?buoyancy--&gt; volitat. [[Libertas|Liber]] esse potest, per [[ventus|ventum]] movens, aut ad terram vel rem certam religatus. A [[navis aeria|navi aëria]] differt, quae est [[aerostatum]] se movens, quod se per [[aër]]em modo contento propellere potest. Multis globis aërostaticis est [[corbis]], [[gondola (navis aeria)|gondola]], vel capsula sub involucro praecipuo ad homines vel instrumenta portanda suspensa, inter quae [[machina photographica|machinae photographicae]] et [[telescopium|telescopia]], cum [[mechanismus|mechanismis]] gubernationis.

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
*[[Aëronavis]]
*[[Ardor nocturnus]]
*[[Globus aërostaticus aeris calidi]]
*[[Globus aërostaticus Hopperanus]]
*[[Globus aërostaticus investigationis]]&lt;!--research balloon--&gt;
*[[Navis aeria non rigida|Blimp]]
*[[Navis aeria]]&lt;!--en:dirigible, but should be en:airship--&gt;
*[[Propositum Manhighianum]]
*[[QinetiQ 1]]
*[[Zeppelinus]]&lt;!--
*[[Balloon Flight Contest]]
*[[Balloon-carried light effect]]
*[[Ceiling balloon]]
*[[Lane hydrogen producer]]
*[[List of altitude records reached by different aircraft types]]
*[[List of civil aviation authorities]]
*[[List of early flying machines]]
*[[List of firsts in aviation]]
*[[List of inflatable manufactured goods]]
*[[Skyhook balloon]]
*[[Thermal airship]]
*[[Virgin Balloon Flights]]--&gt;
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Zeise, Heinrich maior. [[1850]]. ''Die Aeronautik früher und jetzt, nebst theoretischen und praktischen Vorschlägen zu einer vervollkommneteren Luftschiffahrtskunst und Benutzung des Luftballs für technische und industrielle Zwecke: Vorträge, gehalten im Altonaer Bürgerverein im Winter 1849/50 von H. Zeise, Apotheker: Mit Zeichnungen (Steindruck von F. Würzbach in Altona) auf 1 gefalt.'' Blatt. Altona. In Commission bei Carl Theod. Schlüter.
*Link, Jürgen. [[1984]]. &quot;Einfluß des Fliegens! - Auf den Stil selbst!&quot; Diskursanalyse des Ballonsymbols. In ''Bewegung und Stillstand in Metaphern und Mythen: Fallstudien zum Verhältnis von elementarem Wissen und Literatur im 19. Jahrhundert,'' ed. Jürgen Link et Wulf Wülfing, 149–164. Sprache und Geschichte, 9. Stutgardiae: Klett-Cotta. ISBN 3608912517.
*Nairz, Wolfgang. [[2001]]. ''Ballonfahren zwischen Alpen und Himalaya.'' Hall in Tirol: Verlag Ablinger &amp; Garber. ISBN 3950052372.

==Nexus externi==
{{Communia|Balloon}}
*Baron, Scarlett. [[2013]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210522115016/http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/argosies-of-magic-sails/ Argosies of Magic Sails.] ''The Oxonian Review'' 22(4), 10 Iunii. Recognitio ''Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air,'' libri Ricardi Holmes.
*Chollet, L. [[1922]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090902022402/http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/reports/1922/naca-tm-172.pdf Balloon Fabrics made of Goldbeater's Skins.] National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
*Wesner, David M, [[2004]]. [http://www.ballooninghistory.com The Early Years of Sport Ballooning.]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1E05vwMQj8Q Principium volatus globi aerostatici (pellicula).]
*[http://www.thaddeuslowe.name &quot;Professor Thaddeus Lowe - American Union Army Balloonist by Great Great Grandson.&quot;]
*[http://www.remuseum.org.uk/ Remuseum: Aviation and Transportation by air.]
*[http://www.balloonsimulator.com Simulator globi aerostatici aeris callidi.]
*[http://stratocat.com.ar/indexe.html Stratocat: Propositum historicum recompilationis.] De usu globorum stratosphaericorum in investigatione scientifica, rebus militaribus, et aerospatio.

{{Myrias|Technologia}}

[[Categoria:Globi aerostatici| ]]</text>
      <sha1>0pl5dka29wtuotgg4gacqt3cikygnl8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Luneburgensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="6445" sha1="lrpdwrr3wy0rau62dd3thxja07jrpr2" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in LG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Luneburgensi]]
'''Circulus Luneburgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lümborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüneburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Luneburgum]] est.

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1929]] circulus pristinus Leopolitanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;/&gt; Leneburgo adiunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luneburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'') (10.288 incolae)
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'') (9.532)
* [[Luneburgum]] urbs (70.438)
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'') (4.830)


* [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (8.259)
** [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962)
** [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156)
** [[Oldendorf (Luya)|Oldendorf]] (985)
** [[Rehlingen]] (712)
** [[Soderstorf]] (1.444)

* [[Bardenuvicum (commune generale)|Bardenuvicum]] (16.584)
** [[Bardenuvicum]] (sedes administrationis, 6.473)
** [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'') (1.828)
** [[Handorf]] (1.953)
** [[Mechtersen]] (662)
** [[Radbruch]] (1.970)
** [[Vögelsen]] (2.255)
** [[Wittorf]] (1.443)

* [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|Dahlenburg]] (6.150)
** [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393)
** [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599)
** [[Dahlenburg]] (sedes administrationis, 3351)
** [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236)
** [[Tosterglope]] (571)

* [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]] (12.849)
** [[Kirchgellersen]] (2.279)
** [[Reppenstedt]] (sedes administrationis, 7.210)
** [[Südergellersen]] (1.602)
** [[Westergellersen]] (1758)

* [[Ilmenau (commune generale)|Ilmenau]] (10.486)
** [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'') (747)
** [[Deutsch Evern]] (3.736)
** [[Embsen]] (2.630)
** [[Melbeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.373)

* [[Ostheide (commune generale)|Ostheide]] (10.178)
** [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2.418)
** [[Neetze]] (2.583)
** [[Reinstorf]] (1.290)
** [[Thomasburg]] (1.291)
** [[Vastorf]] (815)
** [[Wendisch Evern]] (1.781)

* [[Scharnebeck (commune generale)|Scharnebeck]] (15.091)
** [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'') (1.610)
** [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'') (3.319)
** [[Echem]] (1.017)
** [[Hittbergen]] (912)
** [[Hohnstorf (Albis)|Hohnstorf]] (2.408)
** [[Lüdersburg]] (624)
** [[Rullstorf]] (1.880)
** [[Scharnebeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.321)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luneburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>lrpdwrr3wy0rau62dd3thxja07jrpr2</sha1>
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      <id>3979362</id>
      <parentid>3979332</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:53:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="6843" sha1="c3q64rmbuuwl15pke1pgogoxl5zcpgm" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in LG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Luneburgensi]]
'''Circulus Luneburgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lümborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüneburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Luneburgum]] est.

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1929]] circulus pristinus Leopolitanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;/&gt; Leneburgo adiunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luneburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'') (10.288 incolae)
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'') (9.532)
* [[Luneburgum]] urbs (70.438)
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'') (4.830)


* [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (8.259)
** [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962)
** [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156)
** [[Oldendorf (Luya)|Oldendorf]] (985)
** [[Rehlingen]] (712)
** [[Soderstorf]] (1.444)

* [[Bardenuvicum (commune generale)|Bardenuvicum]] (16.584)
** [[Bardenuvicum]] (sedes administrationis, 6.473)
** [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'') (1.828)
** [[Handorf]] (1.953)
** [[Mechtersen]] (662)
** [[Radbruch]] (1.970)
** [[Vögelsen]] (2.255)
** [[Wittorf]] (1.443)

* [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dahlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (6.150)
** [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393)
** [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599)
** [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 3351)
** [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236)
** [[Tosterglope]] (571)

* [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]] (12.849)
** [[Kirchgellersen]] (2.279)
** [[Reppenstedt]] (sedes administrationis, 7.210)
** [[Südergellersen]] (1.602)
** [[Westergellersen]] (1758)

* [[Ilmenau (commune generale)|Ilmenau]] (10.486)
** [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'') (747)
** [[Deutsch Evern]] (3.736)
** [[Embsen]] (2.630)
** [[Melbeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.373)

* [[Ostheide (commune generale)|Ostheide]] (10.178)
** [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2.418)
** [[Neetze]] (2.583)
** [[Reinstorf]] (1.290)
** [[Thomasburg]] (1.291)
** [[Vastorf]] (815)
** [[Wendisch Evern]] (1.781)

* [[Scharnebeck (commune generale)|Scharnebeck]] (15.091)
** [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'') (1.610)
** [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'') (3.319)
** [[Echem]] (1.017)
** [[Hittbergen]] (912)
** [[Hohnstorf (Albis)|Hohnstorf]] (2.408)
** [[Lüdersburg]] (624)
** [[Rullstorf]] (1.880)
** [[Scharnebeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.321)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luneburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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      <id>3979363</id>
      <parentid>3979362</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="6842" sha1="anj8gpwrlajpnupop80cso0bhq2sc2q" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in LG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Luneburgensi]]
'''Circulus Luneburgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lümborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüneburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Luneburgum]] est.

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1929]] circulus pristinus Leopolitanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;/&gt; Leneburgo adiunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luneburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'') (10.288 incolae)
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'') (9.532)
* [[Luneburgum]] urbs (70.438)
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'') (4.830)


* [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (8.259)
** [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962)
** [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156)
** [[Oldendorf (Luya)|Oldendorf]] (985)
** [[Rehlingen]] (712)
** [[Soderstorf]] (1.444)

* [[Bardenuvicum (commune generale)|Bardenuvicum]] (16.584)
** [[Bardenuvicum]] (sedes administrationis, 6.473)
** [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'') (1.828)
** [[Handorf]] (1.953)
** [[Mechtersen]] (662)
** [[Radbruch]] (1.970)
** [[Vögelsen]] (2.255)
** [[Wittorf]] (1.443)

* [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (6.150)
** [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393)
** [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599)
** [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 3351)
** [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236)
** [[Tosterglope]] (571)

* [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]] (12.849)
** [[Kirchgellersen]] (2.279)
** [[Reppenstedt]] (sedes administrationis, 7.210)
** [[Südergellersen]] (1.602)
** [[Westergellersen]] (1758)

* [[Ilmenau (commune generale)|Ilmenau]] (10.486)
** [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'') (747)
** [[Deutsch Evern]] (3.736)
** [[Embsen]] (2.630)
** [[Melbeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.373)

* [[Ostheide (commune generale)|Ostheide]] (10.178)
** [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2.418)
** [[Neetze]] (2.583)
** [[Reinstorf]] (1.290)
** [[Thomasburg]] (1.291)
** [[Vastorf]] (815)
** [[Wendisch Evern]] (1.781)

* [[Scharnebeck (commune generale)|Scharnebeck]] (15.091)
** [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'') (1.610)
** [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'') (3.319)
** [[Echem]] (1.017)
** [[Hittbergen]] (912)
** [[Hohnstorf (Albis)|Hohnstorf]] (2.408)
** [[Lüdersburg]] (624)
** [[Rullstorf]] (1.880)
** [[Scharnebeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.321)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luneburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>anj8gpwrlajpnupop80cso0bhq2sc2q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979365</id>
      <parentid>3979363</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="6963" sha1="5x74va435ob8jpkim6x8io6prpum85b" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in LG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Luneburgensi]]
'''Circulus Luneburgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lümborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüneburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Luneburgum]] est.

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1929]] circulus pristinus Leopolitanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;/&gt; Leneburgo adiunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luneburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'') (10.288 incolae)
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'') (9.532)
* [[Luneburgum]] urbs (70.438)
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'') (4.830)


* [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (8.259)
** [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962)
** [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156)
** [[Oldendorf (Luya)|Oldendorf]] (985)
** [[Rehlingen]] (712)
** [[Soderstorf]] (1.444)

* [[Bardenuvicum (commune generale)|Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (16.584)
** [[Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 6.473)
** [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'') (1.828)
** [[Handorf]] (1.953)
** [[Mechtersen]] (662)
** [[Radbruch]] (1.970)
** [[Vögelsen]] (2.255)
** [[Wittorf]] (1.443)

* [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (6.150)
** [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393)
** [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599)
** [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 3351)
** [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236)
** [[Tosterglope]] (571)

* [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]] (12.849)
** [[Kirchgellersen]] (2.279)
** [[Reppenstedt]] (sedes administrationis, 7.210)
** [[Südergellersen]] (1.602)
** [[Westergellersen]] (1758)

* [[Ilmenau (commune generale)|Ilmenau]] (10.486)
** [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'') (747)
** [[Deutsch Evern]] (3.736)
** [[Embsen]] (2.630)
** [[Melbeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.373)

* [[Ostheide (commune generale)|Ostheide]] (10.178)
** [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2.418)
** [[Neetze]] (2.583)
** [[Reinstorf]] (1.290)
** [[Thomasburg]] (1.291)
** [[Vastorf]] (815)
** [[Wendisch Evern]] (1.781)

* [[Scharnebeck (commune generale)|Scharnebeck]] (15.091)
** [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'') (1.610)
** [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'') (3.319)
** [[Echem]] (1.017)
** [[Hittbergen]] (912)
** [[Hohnstorf (Albis)|Hohnstorf]] (2.408)
** [[Lüdersburg]] (624)
** [[Rullstorf]] (1.880)
** [[Scharnebeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.321)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luneburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>5x74va435ob8jpkim6x8io6prpum85b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adenthorpium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>191051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979319</id>
      <parentid>3973209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:26:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979319</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2017" sha1="4gff7x0pi1bnb5ghiwtf6zl1vz2njaw" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Kirche Christ-König, Adendorf.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Regis Christi Adenthorpii.]]
'''Adenthorpium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Adendorpum'''&lt;ref&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande: Urkunden von 1244 bis 1305'' (Vol. I, p. 84). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Adendorf'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensi]] est. Iuxta [[Luneburgum]] situm est. Ad Adenthorpium etiam vicus [[Villa Erpi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Erbsdorf'') pertinet.

== Historia ==
Adenthorpium anno [[1152]] nomine ''Adenthorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Adenthorpium ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] [[Villa Erpi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Erbsdorf'') cum Adenthorpio coniuncta est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Adendorf|Adenthorpium}}
[http://www.adendorf.de/ Pagina communis Adendorf]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>4gff7x0pi1bnb5ghiwtf6zl1vz2njaw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalenburgum (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>192716</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979330</id>
      <parentid>3977295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:59:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="1394" sha1="cy9nw5d68774i70q2l805euzyikbhq7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dahlenburg''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dahlenburg communia [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393 incolae), [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599), [[Dahlenburg]] (hic est sedes administrationis, 3351), [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236) atque [[Tosterglope]] (571) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Dahlenburg anno [[1974]] e communibus supra dictis constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140517044042/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Dahlenburg]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
      <sha1>cy9nw5d68774i70q2l805euzyikbhq7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979345</id>
      <parentid>3979330</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:39:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979330</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1394" sha1="cy9nw5d68774i70q2l805euzyikbhq7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dahlenburg''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dahlenburg communia [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393 incolae), [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599), [[Dahlenburg]] (hic est sedes administrationis, 3351), [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236) atque [[Tosterglope]] (571) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Dahlenburg anno [[1974]] e communibus supra dictis constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140517044042/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Dahlenburg]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
      <sha1>cy9nw5d68774i70q2l805euzyikbhq7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979348</id>
      <parentid>3979345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:42:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979348</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1780" sha1="ex97n33pza0h0ekhpiiud9ihy6v39ja" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dalenburgum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dalenburgum communia [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393 incolae), [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599), [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (hic est sedes administrationis, 3351), [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236) atque [[Tosterglope]] (571) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Dahlenburg anno [[1974]] e communibus supra dictis constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140517044042/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Dahlenburg]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
      <sha1>ex97n33pza0h0ekhpiiud9ihy6v39ja</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Boitzia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>192758</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979357</id>
      <parentid>3977291</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:48:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979357</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2263" sha1="0fd0f5x5b2sgikhcjd74lcdkjsu83z1" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Boitzia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Boitzenum'''&lt;ref&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1858). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch: Archiv des Klosters Isenhagen. Capaun-Karlowa.&lt;/ref&gt; commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Boitziam etiam vici [[Anthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Ahndorf''), [[Fladena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1858&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1858). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch: Archiv des Klosters Isenhagen''. Capaun-Karlowa.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Fladen''), [[Netzenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch: Archiv des Klosters Walsrode''. Capaun-Karlowa.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Neetzendorf''), [[Sedorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Seedorf'') atque [[Vindenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;HKfN XXII 1950&quot;&gt;Historische Kommission für Niedersachsen (1950). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte (Band 22)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Vindorf'') pertinent. Est pars communis generalis [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgi]].

== Historia ==
Quando Boitzia condita sit nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Boitzia ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Boitzia coniuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Boitzia|Boitziam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120612043427/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23442/ Pagina communis generalis Dalenburgi de Boitzia scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>0fd0f5x5b2sgikhcjd74lcdkjsu83z1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalemia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>192759</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979323</id>
      <parentid>3714838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:48:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dahlem (Saxonia Inferior)]] ad [[Dalemia]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3714838</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1208" sha1="p3m443n287d1prwf0el1xeynzybsg7h" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dahlem''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dahlem etiam vici Harmstorf, Köstorf atque Marienau pertinent. Est pars communis generalis [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|Dahlenburg]].

== Historia ==
Quando Dahlem conditum sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Dahlem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|Dahlenburg]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Dahlem coniuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121732/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23443/ Pagina communis generalis Dahlendorf de Dahlem scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>p3m443n287d1prwf0el1xeynzybsg7h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979327</id>
      <parentid>3979323</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:56:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979327</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2074" sha1="tmaxg0v30tzi8792jhwexz28aemi4s9" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dalemia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dalem'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bro&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (Ed.) (1981). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Scharnebeck (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Abteilung 6)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dalemiam etiam vici [[Harmstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bro&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Harmstorf''), [[Kostorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gör&quot;&gt;Görges, W. (Ed.) (1878). Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Braunschweig und seiner Bestandtheile.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Köstorf'') atque [[Marienovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Marienau'') pertinent. Est pars communis generalis [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|Dahlenburg]].

== Historia ==
Quando Dalemia condita sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Dalemia ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|Dahlenburg]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Dalemia coniuncti sunt.

==Notae==

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dahlem|Dalemiam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121732/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23443/ Pagina communis generalis Dahlendorf de Dalemia scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>tmaxg0v30tzi8792jhwexz28aemi4s9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979328</id>
      <parentid>3979327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:56:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notae */</comment>
      <origin>3979328</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2089" sha1="r59r0vpm3ykx3xiwcnxkq6cxxvpphx3" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dalemia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dalem'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bro&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (Ed.) (1981). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Scharnebeck (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Abteilung 6)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dalemiam etiam vici [[Harmstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bro&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Harmstorf''), [[Kostorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gör&quot;&gt;Görges, W. (Ed.) (1878). Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Braunschweig und seiner Bestandtheile.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Köstorf'') atque [[Marienovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Marienau'') pertinent. Est pars communis generalis [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|Dahlenburg]].

== Historia ==
Quando Dalemia condita sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Dalemia ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|Dahlenburg]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Dalemia coniuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dahlem|Dalemiam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121732/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23443/ Pagina communis generalis Dahlendorf de Dalemia scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>r59r0vpm3ykx3xiwcnxkq6cxxvpphx3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979355</id>
      <parentid>3979328</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:47:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979355</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2092" sha1="pd6y0um565x0rgt21grnmrysk260lg7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dalemia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dalem'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bro&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (Ed.) (1981). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Scharnebeck (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Abteilung 6)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dalemiam etiam vici [[Harmstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bro&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Harmstorf''), [[Kostorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gör&quot;&gt;Görges, W. (Ed.) (1878). Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Braunschweig und seiner Bestandtheile.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Köstorf'') atque [[Marienovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Marienau'') pertinent. Est pars communis generalis [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgi]].

== Historia ==
Quando Dalemia condita sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Dalemia ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Dalemia coniuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dahlem|Dalemiam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121732/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23443/ Pagina communis generalis Dalenburgi de Dalemia scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>pd6y0um565x0rgt21grnmrysk260lg7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalenburgum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>193229</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979334</id>
      <parentid>3714839</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:13:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979334</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1605" sha1="10v09hwjha99sm0j84sd9fr82hwvob4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dahlenburg''' oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dahlenburg etiam vici Becklingen, Buendorf, Dumstorf, Eimstorf, Ellringen, Gienau, Leesthal, Lemgrabe, Siecke atque Sommerbeck pertinent. Est sedes administrationis communis generalis [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]].

== Historia ==
* [[Fasciculus:St. Laurentiuskapelle Dahlenburg Südseite.JPG|thumb|left|Capella Sancti Laurentii]]
Quando Dahlenburg conditum sit, nescimus. Sed anno [[1162]] primo in actis [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici]] ducis Brunsvicensis descripta est. Anno [[1289]] ius urbis accepit. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Dahlenburg ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Dahlenburg coniuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063123/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23440/ Pagina communis generalis Dahlendorf de Dahlenburg scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>10v09hwjha99sm0j84sd9fr82hwvob4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979336</id>
      <parentid>3979334</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:16:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dahlenburg]] ad [[Dalenburgum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979334</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1605" sha1="10v09hwjha99sm0j84sd9fr82hwvob4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dahlenburg''' oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dahlenburg etiam vici Becklingen, Buendorf, Dumstorf, Eimstorf, Ellringen, Gienau, Leesthal, Lemgrabe, Siecke atque Sommerbeck pertinent. Est sedes administrationis communis generalis [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]].

== Historia ==
* [[Fasciculus:St. Laurentiuskapelle Dahlenburg Südseite.JPG|thumb|left|Capella Sancti Laurentii]]
Quando Dahlenburg conditum sit, nescimus. Sed anno [[1162]] primo in actis [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici]] ducis Brunsvicensis descripta est. Anno [[1289]] ius urbis accepit. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Dahlenburg ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Dahlenburg coniuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063123/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23440/ Pagina communis generalis Dahlendorf de Dahlenburg scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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'''Dalenburgum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dalenburgia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dalenburgum etiam vici [[Bekelingum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande: Band 1''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Becklingen''), [[Bunendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rei&quot;&gt;Reinecke, W. (Ed.) (1903). ''Lüneburgs ältestes Stadtbuch und Verfestungsregister 1289–1399''. Heinrich Feesche.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Buendorf''), [[Dumstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gör&quot;&gt;Görges, W. (Ed.) (1878). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Braunschweig und seiner Bestandtheile''. H. Wollermann.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Dumstorf''), [[Ellringum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rei&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Ellringen''), [[Eymestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bro&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (Ed.) (1981). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Scharnebeck (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Abteilung 6)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eimstorf''), [[Gienovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höl&quot;&gt;Hölzermann, L. (Ed.) (1876). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Gienau''), [[Leesthalium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Leesthal''), [[Lemgrabum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gar&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lemgrabe''), [[Sieca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gör&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Siecke'') atque [[Sommerbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Sommerbeck'') pertinent. Est sedes administrationis communis generalis [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:St. Laurentiuskapelle Dahlenburg Südseite.JPG|thumb|left|Capella Sancti Laurentii.]]
Quando Dalenburgum conditum sit, nescimus. Sed anno [[1162]] primo in actis [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici]] ducis Brunsvicensis descripta est. Anno [[1289]] ius urbis accepit. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Dalenburgum ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Dalenburgo coniuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dahlenburg|Dalenburgum}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063123/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23440/ Pagina communis generalis Dahlendorf de Dalenburgo scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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'''Dalenburgum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dalenburgia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Dalenburgum etiam vici [[Bekelingum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande: Band 1''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Becklingen''), [[Bunendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rei&quot;&gt;Reinecke, W. (Ed.) (1903). ''Lüneburgs ältestes Stadtbuch und Verfestungsregister 1289–1399''. Heinrich Feesche.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Buendorf''), [[Dumstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gör&quot;&gt;Görges, W. (Ed.) (1878). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Braunschweig und seiner Bestandtheile''. H. Wollermann.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Dumstorf''), [[Ellringum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rei&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Ellringen''), [[Eymestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bro&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (Ed.) (1981). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Scharnebeck (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Abteilung 6)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eimstorf''), [[Gienovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höl&quot;&gt;Hölzermann, L. (Ed.) (1876). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Gienau''), [[Leesthalium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Leesthal''), [[Lemgrabum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gar&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lemgrabe''), [[Sieca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gör&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Siecke'') atque [[Sommerbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Sommerbeck'') pertinent. Est sedes administrationis communis generalis [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:St. Laurentiuskapelle Dahlenburg Südseite.JPG|thumb|left|Capella Sancti Laurentii.]]
Quando Dalenburgum conditum sit, nescimus. Sed anno [[1162]] primo in actis [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici]] ducis Brunsvicensis descripta est. Anno [[1289]] ius urbis accepit. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Dalenburgum ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Dalenburgo coniuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dahlenburg|Dalenburgum}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063123/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23440/ Pagina communis generalis Dahlendorf de Dalenburgo scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nahrendorf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>193234</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979354</id>
      <parentid>3723100</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:45:54Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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'''Nahrendorf''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Nahrendorf etiam vici Breese, Eichdorf, Kovahl, Lüben, Moislingen, Mücklingen, Nahrendorf, Neestahl, Nieperfitz, Oldendorf/Göhrde, Pommoissel, Röthen, Süschendorf atque Tangsehl pertinent. Est pars communis generalis [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgi]].

== Historia ==
Quando Nahrendorf conditum sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Nahrendorf ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam vici supra dicti cum Nahrendorf coniuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191706/http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23444/ Pagina communis generalis Dalenburgi de Nahrendorf scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tosterglope</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>193245</id>
    <revision>
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'''Tosterglope''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Tosterglope etiam vici Villa Horndorf, Köhlingen atque Ventschau pertinent. Est pars communis generalis [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]].

== Historia ==
Quando Tosterglope conditum sit, nescimus, sed anno [[1330]] nomine ''Toregelop'' primo incatis descriptum est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Tosterglope ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam Ventschau cum Tosterglope coniunctus est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23445/ Pagina communis generalis Dalenburgi de Tosterglope scripta]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]]</text>
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'''Tosterglope''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Tosterglope etiam vici Villa Horndorf, Köhlingen atque Ventschau pertinent. Est pars communis generalis [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgi]].

== Historia ==
Quando Tosterglope conditum sit, nescimus, sed anno [[1330]] nomine ''Toregelop'' primo incatis descriptum est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Tosterglope ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno etiam Ventschau cum Tosterglope coniunctus est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://dahlenburg.marktplatz-lueneburg.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2751/5190_read-23445/ Pagina communis generalis Dalenburgi de Tosterglope scripta]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Luchoviensis-e&quot; et &quot;Danebergensis&quot; ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]].

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Dannenberg conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Coniunctiones ==
Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione
* [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001)

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] commune generale (20.707 incolae)
** [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317)
** [[Daneberga]], oppidum (8081)
** [[Göhrde]] (635)
** [[Gusborn]] (1225)
** [[Hitzacker]], oppidum (4933)
** [[Jameln]] (1071)
** [[Karwitz]] (742)
** [[Langendorf]] (719)
** [[Neu Darchau]] (1396)
** [[Zernien]] (1588)

* [[Gartow (commune generale)|Gartow]] commune generale (3700)
** [[Gartow]] (1362)
** [[Gorleben]] (634)
** [[Höhbeck]] (645)
** [[Prezelle]] (473)
** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586)

* [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675)
** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589)
** [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446)
** [[Küsten]] (1362)
** [[Lemgow]] (1408)
** [[Lübbow]] (836)
** [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401)
** [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] (634)
** [[Schnega]] (1354)
** [[Trebel]] (953)
** [[Waddeweitz]] (906)
** [[Woltersdorf]] (939)
** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}}
* [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1932]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Luchoviensis-e&quot; et &quot;Danebergensis&quot; ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[Polabice]] ''Vokres Ljauchüw-Wajdars''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]].

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Dannenberg conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Coniunctiones ==
Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione
* [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001)

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] commune generale (20.707 incolae)
** [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317)
** [[Daneberga]], oppidum (8081)
** [[Göhrde]] (635)
** [[Gusborn]] (1225)
** [[Hitzacker]], oppidum (4933)
** [[Jameln]] (1071)
** [[Karwitz]] (742)
** [[Langendorf]] (719)
** [[Neu Darchau]] (1396)
** [[Zernien]] (1588)

* [[Gartow (commune generale)|Gartow]] commune generale (3700)
** [[Gartow]] (1362)
** [[Gorleben]] (634)
** [[Höhbeck]] (645)
** [[Prezelle]] (473)
** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586)

* [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675)
** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589)
** [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446)
** [[Küsten]] (1362)
** [[Lemgow]] (1408)
** [[Lübbow]] (836)
** [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401)
** [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] (634)
** [[Schnega]] (1354)
** [[Trebel]] (953)
** [[Waddeweitz]] (906)
** [[Woltersdorf]] (939)
** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}}
* [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1932]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Luchoviensis-e&quot; et &quot;Danebergensis&quot; ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[Polabice]] ''Vokres Ljauchüw-Wajdars''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]].

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Dannenberg conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Coniunctiones ==
Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione
* [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001)

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Prata Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prata Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale &quot;Prata&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. &quot;Aue&quot;)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum &quot;[[Albis]]&quot; Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale (20.707 incolae)
** [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317)
** [[Daneberga]], oppidum (8081)
** [[Göhrde]] (635)
** [[Gusborn]] (1225)
** [[Hitzacker]], oppidum (4933)
** [[Jameln]] (1071)
** [[Karwitz]] (742)
** [[Langendorf]] (719)
** [[Neu Darchau]] (1396)
** [[Zernien]] (1588)

* [[Gartow (commune generale)|Gartow]] commune generale (3700)
** [[Gartow]] (1362)
** [[Gorleben]] (634)
** [[Höhbeck]] (645)
** [[Prezelle]] (473)
** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586)

* [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675)
** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589)
** [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446)
** [[Küsten]] (1362)
** [[Lemgow]] (1408)
** [[Lübbow]] (836)
** [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401)
** [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] (634)
** [[Schnega]] (1354)
** [[Trebel]] (953)
** [[Waddeweitz]] (906)
** [[Woltersdorf]] (939)
** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}}
* [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1932]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Luchoviensis-e&quot; et &quot;Danebergensis&quot; ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[Polabice]] ''Vokres Ljauchüw-Wajdars''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]].

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Dannenberg conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Coniunctiones ==
Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione
* [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001)

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Gartow (commune generale)|Gartow]] commune generale (3700)
** [[Gartow]] (1362)
** [[Gorleben]] (634)
** [[Höhbeck]] (645)
** [[Prezelle]] (473)
** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586)

* [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675)
** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589)
** [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446)
** [[Küsten]] (1362)
** [[Lemgow]] (1408)
** [[Lübbow]] (836)
** [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401)
** [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] (634)
** [[Schnega]] (1354)
** [[Trebel]] (953)
** [[Waddeweitz]] (906)
** [[Woltersdorf]] (939)
** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847)

* [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Prata Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prata Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale &quot;Prata&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. &quot;Aue&quot;)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum &quot;[[Albis]]&quot; Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale (20.707 incolae)
** [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317)
** [[Daneberga]], oppidum (8081)
** [[Göhrde]] (635)
** [[Gusborn]] (1225)
** [[Hitzacker]], oppidum (4933)
** [[Jameln]] (1071)
** [[Karwitz]] (742)
** [[Langendorf]] (719)
** [[Neu Darchau]] (1396)
** [[Zernien]] (1588)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}}
* [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1932]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6121" sha1="s5zqfbx8un7edw6iq45f448ct7bb8zu" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Luchoviensis-e&quot; et &quot;Danebergensis&quot; ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[Polabice]] ''Vokres Ljauchüw-Wajdars''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]].

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Danenbergensis conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Coniunctiones ==
Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione
* [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001)

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Gartow (commune generale)|Gartow]] commune generale (3700)
** [[Gartow]] (1362)
** [[Gorleben]] (634)
** [[Höhbeck]] (645)
** [[Prezelle]] (473)
** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586)

* [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675)
** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589)
** [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446)
** [[Küsten]] (1362)
** [[Lemgow]] (1408)
** [[Lübbow]] (836)
** [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401)
** [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] (634)
** [[Schnega]] (1354)
** [[Trebel]] (953)
** [[Waddeweitz]] (906)
** [[Woltersdorf]] (939)
** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847)

* [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Prata Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prata Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale &quot;Prata&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. &quot;Aue&quot;)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum &quot;[[Albis]]&quot; Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale (20.707 incolae)
** [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317)
** [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''), urbs (8081)
** [[Göhrde]] (635)
** [[Gusborn]] (1225)
** [[Hitzacker]], oppidum (4933)
** [[Jameln]] (1071)
** [[Karwitz]] (742)
** [[Langendorf]] (719)
** [[Neu Darchau]] (1396)
** [[Zernien]] (1588)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}}
* [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1932]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Luchoviensis-e&quot; et &quot;Danebergensis&quot; ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[Polabice]] ''Vokres Ljauchüw-Wajdars''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]].

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Danenbergensis conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Coniunctiones ==
Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione
* [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001)

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Gartow (commune generale)|Gartow]] commune generale (3700)
** [[Gartow]] (1362)
** [[Gorleben]] (634)
** [[Höhbeck]] (645)
** [[Prezelle]] (473)
** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586)

* [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675)
** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589)
** [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446)
** [[Küsten]] (1362)
** [[Lemgow]] (1408)
** [[Lübbow]] (836)
** [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401)
** [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] (634)
** [[Schnega]] (1354)
** [[Trebel]] (953)
** [[Waddeweitz]] (906)
** [[Woltersdorf]] (939)
** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847)

* [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Prata Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prata Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale &quot;Prata&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. &quot;Aue&quot;)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum &quot;[[Albis]]&quot; Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale (20.707 incolae)
** [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317)
** [[Danneberga]]ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''), urbs (8081)
** [[Göhrde]] (635)
** [[Gusborn]] (1225)
** [[Hitzacker]], oppidum (4933)
** [[Jameln]] (1071)
** [[Karwitz]] (742)
** [[Langendorf]] (719)
** [[Neu Darchau]] (1396)
** [[Zernien]] (1588)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}}
* [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1932]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Luchoviensis-e&quot; et &quot;Danebergensis&quot; ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[Polabice]] ''Vokres Ljauchüw-Wajdars''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]].

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Danenbergensis conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Coniunctiones ==
Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione
* [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001)

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Gartow (commune generale)|Gartow]] commune generale (3700)
** [[Gartow]] (1362)
** [[Gorleben]] (634)
** [[Höhbeck]] (645)
** [[Prezelle]] (473)
** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586)

* [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675)
** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589)
** [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446)
** [[Küsten]] (1362)
** [[Lemgow]] (1408)
** [[Lübbow]] (836)
** [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401)
** [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] (634)
** [[Schnega]] (1354)
** [[Trebel]] (953)
** [[Waddeweitz]] (906)
** [[Woltersdorf]] (939)
** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847)

* [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Prata Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prata Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale &quot;Prata&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. &quot;Aue&quot;)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum &quot;[[Albis]]&quot; Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale (20.707 incolae)
** [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317)
** [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''), urbs (8081)
** [[Göhrde]] (635)
** [[Gusborn]] (1225)
** [[Hitzacker]], oppidum (4933)
** [[Jameln]] (1071)
** [[Karwitz]] (742)
** [[Langendorf]] (719)
** [[Neu Darchau]] (1396)
** [[Zernien]] (1588)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}}
* [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1932]]</text>
      <sha1>pvlfqq1w8gr5wvmple9vpw70xi0zu2y</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Prata Albis (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198193</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979459</id>
      <parentid>3505695</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:42:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979459</origin>
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      <text bytes="1059" sha1="eruzjkapab30h8ls3r7444qvox1uryv" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Elbtalaue''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Elbtalaue communia [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317 incolae), [[Dannenberg]] oppidum (8081, sedes administrationis), [[Göhrde]] (635), [[Gusborn]] (1225), [[Hitzacker]] oppidum (4933), [[Jameln]] (1071), [[Karwitz]] (742), [[Langendorf]] (719), [[Neu Darchau]] (1396) atque [[Zernien]] (1588) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Elbtalaue anno [[2006]] e communibus generalis Dannenberg et Hitzacker constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.elbtalaue.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Elbtalaue]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2006]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979462</id>
      <parentid>3979459</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:48:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979462</origin>
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      <text bytes="1081" sha1="t2026h6ybfvsmvqws6q9vcgvk4ezmae" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Elbtalaue''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Elbtalaue communia [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317 incolae), [[Dannenberg]] oppidum (8081, sedes administrationis), [[Göhrde]] (635), [[Gusborn]] (1225), [[Hitzacker]] oppidum (4933), [[Jameln]] (1071), [[Karwitz]] (742), [[Langendorf]] (719), [[Neu Darchau]] (1396) atque [[Zernien]] (1588) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Elbtalaue anno [[2006]] e communibus generalis Dannenberg et Hitzacker constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.elbtalaue.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Elbtalaue]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2006]]</text>
      <sha1>t2026h6ybfvsmvqws6q9vcgvk4ezmae</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979466</id>
      <parentid>3979462</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:01:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)]] ad [[Prata Albis (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979462</origin>
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      <text bytes="1081" sha1="t2026h6ybfvsmvqws6q9vcgvk4ezmae" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Elbtalaue''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Elbtalaue communia [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317 incolae), [[Dannenberg]] oppidum (8081, sedes administrationis), [[Göhrde]] (635), [[Gusborn]] (1225), [[Hitzacker]] oppidum (4933), [[Jameln]] (1071), [[Karwitz]] (742), [[Langendorf]] (719), [[Neu Darchau]] (1396) atque [[Zernien]] (1588) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Elbtalaue anno [[2006]] e communibus generalis Dannenberg et Hitzacker constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.elbtalaue.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Elbtalaue]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2006]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979476</id>
      <parentid>3979466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:22:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979476</origin>
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      <text bytes="1612" sha1="1615r6wissy6tsy810njxsimzyyanej" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Prata Albis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Prata Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale &quot;Prata&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versio, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. &quot;Aue&quot;)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum &quot;[[Albis]]&quot; Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Prata Albis communia [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317 incolae), [[Dannenberg]] oppidum (8081, sedes administrationis), [[Göhrde]] (635), [[Gusborn]] (1225), [[Hitzacker]] oppidum (4933), [[Jameln]] (1071), [[Karwitz]] (742), [[Langendorf]] (719), [[Neu Darchau]] (1396) atque [[Zernien]] (1588) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Prata Albis anno [[2006]] e communibus generalis Dannenberg et Hitzacker constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.elbtalaue.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Pratorum Albis]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2006]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979478</id>
      <parentid>3979476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:23:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979478</origin>
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      <text bytes="1614" sha1="o8wihiou033rtltall7as5k72huxy1y" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Prata Albis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Prata Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale &quot;Prata&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. &quot;Aue&quot;)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum &quot;[[Albis]]&quot; Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Prata Albis communia [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317 incolae), [[Dannenberg]] oppidum (8081, sedes administrationis), [[Göhrde]] (635), [[Gusborn]] (1225), [[Hitzacker]] oppidum (4933), [[Jameln]] (1071), [[Karwitz]] (742), [[Langendorf]] (719), [[Neu Darchau]] (1396) atque [[Zernien]] (1588) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Prata Albis anno [[2006]] e communibus generalis Dannenberg et Hitzacker constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.elbtalaue.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Pratorum Albis]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2006]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198221</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979632</id>
      <parentid>3963102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T07:11:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>3979632</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="208167" sha1="llumd5gcn4fs2tcvbc5vnb7s523zhg7" xml:space="preserve">Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Badenia et Virtembergia|Badeniae et Virtembergiae]].

== A ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Abbenwilare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Appenweier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Abstattum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ribeiro 1819&quot;&gt;Ribeiro, J. P. (1819). ''Indice chronologico das leis e mais actos do governo de Portugal: Promulgados desde o principio da monarchia até ao presente'' (Vol. 3). Typografia da Academia Real das Sciencias.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Abstatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Abtsmunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1752&quot;&gt;Steinhofer, J. U. (1752). ''Ehre des Herzogtums Wirtenberg in seinen Durchlauchtigsten Regenten'' (Vol. 3). Jenisch und Etzensperger.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Abtsgmünd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acanthopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dornstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Achberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acchara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Achern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achstettia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;&gt;Bucelinus, G. (1655). Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica: sacra et profana (Vol. 1). Johann Görlin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Achstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adelberga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Epistolae_pontificum_Romanorum ''Epistolae pontificum Romanorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;Adelberga tridui consilia agitasse.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Adelberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelmansfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Adelmansfelda&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.chuo-u.ac.jp/uploads/2018/11/1194_commentary01_02.pdf ''www.chuo-u.ac.jp''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Adelmansfelda Suevus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Adelmannsfelden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelshemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://bebb.jinntec.de/letters/B_991170516889305501 ''Nicolaus I Bernoulli an Andreas Ritz. Basel, 08. August 1708''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ad Andream Ritsium, Adelshemium (...) expectabat nuntium de tuo Adelshemium adventu (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Adelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Advocati Castrum in Sede Caesaris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Advocatia (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Advocatia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vogt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aelza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Elzach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affalterbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;&gt;Bucelinus, G. (1667). Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica: sacra et profana (Vol. 2). Johann Görlini.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Affalterbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ager Putridus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rottenacker'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ager Superior (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Ager Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberstenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aglasterhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aglasterhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahornium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Ahornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahorn&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Ahorn'' in Latinam &quot;Ahornium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/attachment/document/alvin-record:564985/ATTACHMENT-0004.pdf ''Kennel von Silvalacus''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Stobæum, Ahornium, Voluhnium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ahorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aichelberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aichelberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aichhalda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aichhalden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aichstettia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aichstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aichwalda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2025&quot;&gt;Civitas Vaticana (2025). ''Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum''. Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aichwald)'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aiterna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1752&quot;&gt;Biedermann, J. G. (1752). ''Gründliche Erläuterung derer im Herzogthum Würtemberg gelegenen Orte und derselben lateinische Benennungen''. Ex Officina Bielingiana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aitra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aitrach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ala (Germania)|Ala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aalen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alamuntinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://allmendingen.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Gemeinde-Allmendingen-Infobroschuere-komprimiert.pdf ''Gemeinde-Allmendingen-Infobroschuere-komprimiert.pdf''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erstmalig urkundlich erwähnt wurde Allmendingen im Jahr 961 als „Alamuntinga”. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Allmendingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alba Dominorum]]&lt;ref&gt;Eponymo de monasterio, vide [https://es.aroundus.com/p/6568691-bad-herrenalb ''Bad Herrenalb''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) La ciudad se desarrolló alrededor del monasterio cisterciense Alba Dominorum, fundado en 1148, que influyó en la zona hasta la Reforma (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Herrenalb'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alberti Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Albershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alberspacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A - D''].&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Alpirsbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Albstatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2026&quot;&gt;Civitas Vaticana (2026). ''Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum''. Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Albstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Albus Rivus (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Albus Rivus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weißbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldunsteiga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altensteig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (2025)&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Alfdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Allensbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2026&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Allensbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alleshusium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.furet.com ''Furet du Nord''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) electus Alleshusium ad lacum Buchoriensem (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Alleshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almarsbacum in Valle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2026&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Allmersbach im Tal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Altbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2026&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Altdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (2025)&quot;/&gt;  (in [[Circulus terrae Biboniensis|Circulo Biboniensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Altdorfium (Eslinga)|Altdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Altdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Altdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Altdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [http://benediktinerakademie.org/wp-content/plugins/kloster-vz/func/get-kloster.php ''Benediktiner Akademie''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad vineas prope Altdorfium (...)&quot; aut vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Eslingensis|Circulo Eslingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Altenrietium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2026&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altenriet'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Althemium (Iura)|Althemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Althemium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Altheim'' in Latinam &quot;Althemium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=111&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Bavarikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Althemium, Bragodurum''': Altheim, Wüttemberg (...)&quot;; aut [https://es.scribd.com/document/775878827/Godofr-Wilh-Leibnitii-Annales-Imperii-Oc-Tomo-2 ''Godofr Wilh Leibnitii Annales Imperii Oc (Tomus 2)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Althemium villa est  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (iuxta Iuram) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Althemium (prope Egingam)|Althemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Althemium&quot;/&gt; (iuxta [[Eginga (Danubius)|Egingam]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Althemium (iuxta Redlingam)|Althemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Althemium&quot;/&gt;  (iuxta [[Redlinga]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Altorfensis Villa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/20565/Weingarten+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nach 934 (Chronik 2. Hälfte 12. Jahrhundert) in Altorfensi villa, 11. Jahrhundert (Tradition 13. Jahrhundert) villa Altorfensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weingarten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amindon]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/433/Ohmden+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Amindon 1122 [1122/27]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ohmden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amizancella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wartmann 1863&quot;&gt;Wartmann, H. (1863). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Sanct Gallen: Theil I'' (700-840). Horae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Amtzell'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Flexuosus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wembach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Husae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania sacra altera pars 1667&quot;&gt;Bucelinus, G. (1667). ''Germania sacra altera pars''. [[Ulma]]e: Görlin.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hausach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Ostra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania sacra altera pars 1667&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ostrach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Pratorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weisenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Truttarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vöhrenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amstetta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (2025)&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Amstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ancencimbra]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/12787/Zimmern+ob+Rottweil+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ancencimbra 0994 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zimmern ob Rottweil'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Angeli Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hügelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anghichemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glöckner 1929&quot;&gt;Glöckner, K. (1929). Codex Laureshamensis: Facsimile-Ausgabe der Handschrift aus dem 12. Jahrhundert. Darmstadii: Verlag des Historischen Vereins für Hessen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Auggen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apricirivus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;&gt;Bacci, A. (1571). ''De thermis Andreae Baccii Elpidiani, civis Romani, medici atque philosophi, libri septem''. Ex officina Vincentii Valgrisii.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eberbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apricirivus ad Filsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ebersbach an der Fils'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apricopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eberstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae (Badenia et Virtembergia)|Aquae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Germanica Gallica 1751&quot;&gt;Schoepflin, J. D. (1751). Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica, Gallica, Vicina (Vol. 1). Ex Typographia Regia.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[urbs]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Aureliae]]&lt;ref&gt;Lexicon Lewis et Short, s.v. &quot;[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Daqua aqua]&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Baden-Baden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Ditzenbacenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Ditzenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Rappenoviae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baur 1863&quot;&gt;Baur, L. (1863). ''Hessische Urkunden: aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Georg Friedrich Heyer.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Rappenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ara Flavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heidenheim an der Brenz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Area Exstirpata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gschwend'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Argillosa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Argillosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schlier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arguna]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19767/file/BLB_Schriften_Bodensee_1886.pdf ''Schriften''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Es ist doch auffallend, daß diese älteste Kirche der Umgegend in gar keiner alten Urkunde genannt wird, während z. B. das nahe Arguna, Langenargen, schon in
einer Urkunde von 794 vorkommt (Neug. Nr. 122) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Langenargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aries (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Aries]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Widdern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eschach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascensus Quercuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eichstegen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aschaha (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Aschaha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/13302/Niedereschach+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aschaha 1086 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niedereschach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asperga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/egger-carolus-lexicon-nominum-locorum/EGGER%2C%20Carolus%20-%20Lexicon%20Nominum%20Locorum_djvu.txt ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Asperg Asperga, ae, f. Est oppidum Germaniae. Aspergenses, ium; Aspergensis, e (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Asperg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assamstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2026&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Assamstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assulfinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Asselfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Atrium Alni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ellhofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Attenwilare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Attenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Augia ad Rhenum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://francia.ahlfeldt.se/page/documents/25978 ''Regnum Francorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Au am Rhein , as place of event/issue ''Actum publice in villa Augia sub die III. non. aust. anno VI. regnante Ludouuico imperatore feliciter amen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (ad [[Rhenus|Rhenum]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Au am Rhein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Augia Brisgoica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2026&quot;/&gt; (in Brisgoviā) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Au'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Augia Dives (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Augia Dives]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (ad [[Lacus Bodamicus|Lacum Bodamicum]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reichenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Imhof 1701&quot;&gt;Imhof, J. W. (1701). Notitia S. R. Imperii Procerum: Genealogica et Heraldica. Typis et Sumptibus Johannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aulendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== B ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Backnangum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://liburutegibiltegi.bizkaia.eus/bitstream/handle/20.500.11938/72229/b12233419.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y ''Lau Haizeetara''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) egisset Diaconum Backnangi (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Backnang'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Badenvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Badenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bahlingen am Kaiserstuhl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baldrathinga-Tottihan]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20260606053749/https://www.ballrechten-dottingen.de/Gemeindeleben/Ortschronik-und-Dorfgeschichte ''Ortschronik und Dorfgeschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) &quot;villa baldrathinga&quot; (...) &quot;capella Tottihan, filialis parochialis Stauffen&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ballrechten-Dottingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balgheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Besold 1629&quot;&gt;Besold, C. (1629). ''Documenta rediviva Abbatiaecum: In quibus de earum fundatione, privilegiis, &amp; translatione, pie &amp; luculenter agitur''. Typis Philiberti Brunnii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Balgheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/frisc6/frischlinscenica.html ''OPERUM POETICORUM NICODEMI FRISCHLINI POETAE, ORATORIS ET PHILOSOPhi, pars scenica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Balinga, Urbs Ducatus Vviurtembergici, patria Iacobi Frischlini.]''Urbs iacet in plano pulcherrima rure Balinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Balingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ballindorpha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baumann 1883&quot;&gt;Baumann, F. L. (Ed.). (1883). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Necrologia Germaniae (Dioecesis Augustensis)''. Weidmannos. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ballendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balneolum Schonborniense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Althof 1797&quot;&gt;Althof, L. C. (1797). Praelectiones de balneis et thermis. Dieterich. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Schönborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltmannswilare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch III 1849&quot;&gt;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch (WUB). (1849). ''WUB Band III''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Baltmannsweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltzheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Crusius 1596&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Balzheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bartholomaeopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;&gt;Ferrari, F. (1677). ''Lexicon geographicum in quo universi orbis oppida, maria, flumina, montes, regiones enumerantur''. Typis ac sumptibus Gaspari Storti.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bartholomä'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beilstenium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Beilstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Matrikel Heidelber (1386-1662)&quot;&gt;Toepke, G. (Ed.). (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg (1386-1662)''. Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beimerstettenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beimerstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bellosinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Bellingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bellus Fons (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Bellus Fons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bellus Fons&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Schönbrunn'' in Latinam &quot;Bellus Fons&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönbrunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bempflingia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bempflingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bennigheimia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bönnigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bercheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Berkheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Berg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berghauptia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Berghaupten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berghila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch 1859&quot;&gt;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch (WUB). (1859). ''WUB Band II''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Berghülen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berglena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gmelin 1805&quot;&gt;Gmelin, C. C. (1805). Flora Badensis Alsatica. Typis G. Braun.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Berglen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernavia in Nigra Silva|Bernavia in Nigrā Silvā]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernau&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Bernau' in Latinam &quot;Bernavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/bissel5/books/bisseliusleo_5.html ''Camena''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bernaviae, Superioris Palatinatûs oppidô (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bernau im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernstadium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Bernstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernstadium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Bernstadt'' in Latinam &quot;Bernstadium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bernstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berrengartesruti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bergatreute'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berselinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Börslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bertelingia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Börtlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Besigheimium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Besigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bettlinga Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großbettlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betulirivus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Birenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bezenwilare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch I 1849&quot;&gt;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch (WUB). (1849). ''WUB Band I''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Betzenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Biberacum (Badenia)|Biberacum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/egger-carolus-lexicon-nominum-locorum/EGGER%2C%20Carolus%20-%20Lexicon%20Nominum%20Locorum_djvu.txt ''Index Nominum Locorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Biberacum — Biberach  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Badenia|Badeniā]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Biberach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Biberacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) (ad [[Riussaia]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Riussaia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2011-2015/431._Udolph_Die_Namen_Roma_-_Rom_und_Tevere_-_tiber_aus_neuerer_Sicht.pdf ''Die Namen ''Roma/Rom'' und ''Tèvere/Tiber'' aus neuerer Sicht''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Riß'' z. Donau, &lt; ''*Rusiava'', 1293 ''Riussaiam'', evtl. =''῾Ριουσιαούα'' (Ptolemaeus, Geographia 2,11) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Biberach an der Riß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bibonium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Böblingen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Biederbacha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Wisser Francisc. Biederbacha Bad phil ''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Biederbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bietigheimium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_Zr1JAAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_Zr1JAAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Subsidia diplomatica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bietigheimium oppida ante annum Domini MCCXLV (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bietigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Billighemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Billigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binauium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Binau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binzenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Binzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bircofelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bisingum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bisingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bitigheimium-Bussinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://stadtarchiv.bietigheim-bissingen.de/stadtgeschichte/geschichte-der-stadtteile/bissingen/ ''stadtarchiv.bietigheim-bissingen.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Eine ge­naue­re Da­tie­rung stammt aus dem Jahr 991 („Bus­sin­ga“) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bietigheim-Bissingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bitzum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blabira]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Blaubeuren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blaufeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Blaufelden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blausteinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Blaustein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blumberga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_1bwrGQWP9o4C/bub_gb_1bwrGQWP9o4C_djvu.txt ''S. Rom. Germanici Imperii procerum tam ecclesiasticorum quam secularium notitia historicoheraldicogenealogica, ad hodiernum Imperii statum accomodata, et in supplementum operis genealogici Rittershusiani adornata...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) oppidum Blumbergam sive Florimontem (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Blumberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobingia ad Remisum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Remisus&quot;&gt;De hydronymo &quot;[[Remisus]]&quot;, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&amp;pg=RA2-PT353&amp;lpg=RA2-PT353&amp;dq=Rems+fluvius&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&amp;sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Rems%20fluvius&amp;f=false ''FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS'', auctore Christophoro Giglingio].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Böbingen an der Rems'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodelshausia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bodelshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodneggia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bodnegg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boihingenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberboihingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bollenha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;&gt;Steinhofer, J. U. (1746). ''Historia Temporum Et Rerum Wirtenbergicarum''. Johann Georg Cotta. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Böllen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bollum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bavarikon&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Boll'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bomenkircha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Böhmenkirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bomsia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Boms'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bona Aqua in Silva Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gutach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boncella-Hurbelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gutenzell-Hürbel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bondorfium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_ojY_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_ojY_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Quellensammlung der badischen Landesgeschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) pentecostes feriis Bondorfium adeundi (...) tum Bondorfii in me collatis gratiis ac beneficiis (...) castrum Bondorfiense (...) tum in arce Bondorfensi (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bondorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bondorfium (in Nigra Silva)|Bondorfium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&amp;lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A - D''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Bondorfium:''' Bonndorf, Baden, Kr. Freiburg (...)&quot;; et [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Dictionnaire_de_g%C3%A9ographie_ancienne_et_moderne_a_l%27usage_du_libraire_et_de_l%27amateur_de_livres_..._%28IA_b28982708%29.pdf ''Dictionnaire de géographie ancienne et moderne''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) BONDORFIUM, ''Bondorff,'' pet. ville du grand-duché de Bade. Dans cette localité, (...) dans la Forêt-Noire (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Nigra silva|Nigrā Silvā]]) (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bonndorf im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bosinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bösingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bothama-Portus Ludovici]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/egger-carolus-lexicon-nominum-locorum/EGGER%2C%20Carolus%20-%20Lexicon%20Nominum%20Locorum_djvu.txt ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Portus Ludovici — Ludwigshafen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bodman-Ludwigshafen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bottuaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großbottwar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boxberga (Badenia)|Boxberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Boxberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Boxberg'' in Latinam &quot;Boxberga&quot; verti solet. Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_YloFAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_YloFAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Historia et commentationes''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Boxbergam  &amp;  Loewenfteinenfera  comitatum  in  Francia (...)&quot;; et [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10622739?p=178&amp;cq=Francofurti%20cis%20Viadrum&amp;lang=de ''Joannis Adlzreitter Annalium Bojorum. Tom. III.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Boxberga Alerzheimium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brackenhemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://opendigi.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/opendigi/LXV6a_fol_125a ''Commissarius principis, prorector et cancellarius Academiae Carolinae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in urbe Wirtembergica Brackenhemii (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Brackenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bragodurum]] (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bräunlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brattica Longa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Langenbrettach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braunsbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Braunsbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breitinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_YloFAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_YloFAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Historia et commentationes''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad  matricem  ecclesiam in  Breitinga  spectantem (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Breitingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bretta (Badeniae et Virtembergiae)|Bretta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch 1859&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bretten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bretzfeldia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bretzfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brigobanna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hüfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bruchsalia]]&lt;ref&gt;Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1326&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bruchsal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bruolense coenobium|Bruolense Coenobium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Brühl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bubsheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bubsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bucheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Buchheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buchenbacum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Buchenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gmelin 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Buchenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buchonia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Falk 1902&quot;&gt;Falk, F. (1902). ''Beiträge zur Rekonstruktion der alten Bibliotheca fuldensis''.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Buchen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buchovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Buchau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bugginga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Buggingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buhlertannum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bühlertann'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bühl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bingen bei Sigmaringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/25176/file/BLB_Reichardt_Ortsnamenbuch_Stuttgart_Kreis_LB.pdf ''regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Benningen am Neckar''' (...) in istis locis inferius nominatis: ... ''Bunninga''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Benningen am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buosinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.buesingen.de/de/Unser-Buesingen/Buesingen-einst ''www.buesingen.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Im 5. Jahrhundert hielt diese römische Grenzlinie den vordringenden Alemannen jedoch nicht mehr stand. Die ersten Alemannen ließen sich am Rheinufer nieder und nannten ihren Ort nach ihrem Sippenoberhaupt Buosinga, die Siedlung der Leute des Boso (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Büsingen am Hochrhein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bura (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Bura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch I 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beuren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burae Orientales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Osterburken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgriedia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Burgrieden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgstettenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). Lexicon nominum locorum: Officina Libraria Vaticana. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Burgstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burladingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg (1386-1662)&quot;&gt;Toepke, G. (Ed.). (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg (1386-1662)''. Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Burladingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buronia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beuron'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== C ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Calcatorium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Calcatorium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Keltern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calewa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Calw'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Campifellabachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;&gt;Steub, L. (1843). ''Über die oberdeutschen Ortsnamen''. Literarisch-artistische Anstalt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kämpfelbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Bovinus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großrinderfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Guilielmi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wilhelmsfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Lini ad Ehtertingam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leinfelden-Echterdingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Regius (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Campus Regius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Königsfeld im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Campus Sabrensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zaberfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Utzonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Utzenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Viridis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;/&gt;  (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grünsfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Candra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kandern'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Capella apud Rodecke]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [http://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardBadeninderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-1553.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Kappelrodeck''' (...) Capelle (apud Rodecke) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kappelrodeck'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Capella-Grafenhusa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/12180/Kappel+am+Rhein+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Capella 1167  (...)&quot;; et [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '' Grafenhusa Bad'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kappel-Grafenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Capella Sancti Iohannis in Alpibus]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/16095/St+Johann+Gest%C3%BCtshof+-+Wohnplatz ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1465 capella sancti Johannis in Alpibus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sankt Johann'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Caprimontis Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;&gt;Schannat, J. F. (1723).''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium: ordine chronologico digestum''. Lipsiae: Typis et Sumptibus Joannis Beniaminis Andreae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rechberghausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Carantiacum-Wiolon]]&lt;ref&gt;Gerhard Fingerlin: Konservierung einer römischen Villa in Grenzach, Gde. Grenzach-Wyhlen, Kr. Lörrach. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege. Band 16, Nr. 2, 1987, ISSN 0465-7519, S. 87–90, doi:10.11588/nbdpfbw.1987.2.13912 ([https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/nbdpfbw/article/view/13912 uni-heidelberg.de]).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/15172/Wyhlen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) apud villam Wiolon (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grenzach-Wyhlen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Carbonis Mons (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Carbonis Mons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kohlberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Carolsruha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Karlsruhe'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Carlsdorfium-Neuthardum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carlsdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Karlsdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Carlsdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.archives.cz/web/DA_resources/DA_info/matriky_info/Mistopisny_rejstrik_obci_ceskeho_Slezska_a_severni_Moravy.pdf ''MÍSTOPISNÝ REJSTŘÍK OBCÍ ČESKÉHO SLEZSKA A SEVERNÍ MORAVY''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Karlsdorf (...) Carlsdorfium (...)&quot;; et, de toponymum &quot;Neuthardum&quot;, vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/Hypotyposis_Expugnationis_Winsbergensis.html?id=m-6YzwEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y ''Hypotyposis Expugnationis Winsbergensis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Viri Neuthardi Wirtzburgensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Karlsdorf-Neuthard'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Casa Solitaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sölden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Casae ad Abietem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hausen am Tann'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Casae Dettonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmid 1841&quot;&gt;Schmid, L. (1841). Geschichte der Grafen von Zollern-Hohenberg und ihrer Grafschaft. Gebrüder Scheitlin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dettenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Casae Dotteronis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmid 1841&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dotternhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castellum Raeticum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Riesbürg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Caugia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stälin Schwaben und Südfranken 1841&quot;&gt;Stälin, C. F. (1841). ''Wirtembergische Geschichte: Schwaben und Südfranken: von der Urzeit bis 1080''. J.G. Cotta'scher Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ketsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (ad Laynam)|Cella]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/4644/Leinzell+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cella 1259 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ad [[Layna]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leinzell'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cella (Lorracho)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Lorrachensis|Circulo Lorrachensi]]) (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zell im Wiesental'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cella (Badenia)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus Mordenaugia|Circulo Mordenaugiā]]) (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zell am Harmersbach'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cella ad Buhleram]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bühlerzell'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella Amica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;&gt;Schoettgen, C. (1717). ''Inventarium Diplomaticum Historiae Saxoniae Superioris et vicinarum regionum''. Apud Johannem Christianum Martini.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Liebenzell'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cella Cuprum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;scribblemaps&quot;&gt;[https://www.scribblemaps.com/maps/view/gngdan-dhan-d/SybWMa73YV ''www.scribblemaps.com''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kupferzell'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cella infra Montem Aquilinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mabillon 1703&quot;&gt;Mabillon, J. (1703). Annales Ordinis Sancti Benedicti: In quibus res religiosae et civiles ubi de iis praecipue in Germania agitur. Typis Ludovici Billaine.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zell unter Aichelberg'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cella Sancti Viti]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/4597/Jagstzell+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) cella sancti Viti 1170 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jagstzell'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Chensinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kenzingen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Chippenheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stälin Schwaben und Südfranken 1841&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kippenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clarenna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baur 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Römerstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cleggovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Klettgau'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Clivus Remensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baur 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Remshalden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cocharum Superius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sattler 1768&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberkochen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Colbinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stälin Schwaben und Südfranken 1841&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kolbingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis Argenae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Argenbühl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis Solaris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Städtebuch II 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sonnenbühl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Comitis Augia (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Comitis Augia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grafenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Conninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/14079/Gunningen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Conninga 0797  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gunningen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Constantia (Germania)|Constantia]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Constantia ... dicitur autem Constantia Rhenana ad differentiam [[Constantia (Francnia)|Constantiae]] in Normannia sitae&quot; {{Google Books|uD0PAAAAQAAJ|p. 3}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Konstanz'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Corba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Korb'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Crailsheimum]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=tzVbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA103&amp;lpg=PA103&amp;dq=crailsheimum&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=B0tJZi-mjh&amp;sig=eF6T1n4Dg0vlhytcg5IDkF6FjQA&amp;hl=de&amp;ei=A934S72aFo-aONmjtZUM&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=3&amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=crailsheimum&amp;f=false Respublica et status Imperii romano-germanici].&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Crailsheim'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Creglinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/christophoricell00cell/christophoricell00cell_djvu.txt ''Christophori Cellarii Smalcaldiensis Geographia antiqua iuxta &amp; noua''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad  Tubarim  Creglinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Creglingen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Crucesteina]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6344/Heiligkreuzsteinach+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Crucesteina 1292 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heiligkreuzsteinach'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cucha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mabillon 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kuchen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cullisheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glöckner 1936&quot;&gt;Glöckner, K. (1936). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Band 3, Kopialbuch, II. Teil: Die übrigen Gaugrafschaften''. Historischer Verein für Hessen.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Külsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cunzelsavia]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1755_hehner%3B14#ID_1755_hehner_14 ''raa.gf-franken.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Joannes Ludovicus Glockius, Cunzelsavia-Hohenloicus, J. St. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Künzelsau'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cuppenhemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/dupuy/dupuy1/Dupuy_nomina.html ''Nominum propriorum Virorum, Mulierum, Populorum, etc. quae in Viri Illustris IACOBI AVGVSTI THVANI Historiis leguntur INDEX Cum vernaculâ singularum vocum Expositione''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cuppenhemium, ''Cuppenheim'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kuppenheim'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Curia Consilii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Quicchelberg 1565&quot;&gt;Quicchelberg, S. (1565). ''Declaratio Psalmorum poenitentialium''. [[Monacum|Monachii]]: Adamus Berg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ratshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Scammari]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schemmerhofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curiae ad Entziam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior''. [[Lipsia]]e: Gleditsch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Höfen an der Enz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curiae Illonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lünig 1713&quot;&gt;Lünig, J. C. (1713). ''Codex Germaniae Diplomaticus''. [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti ad Moenum]]: Lanckischens Erben.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ilshofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Custerdinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Custerdinga&quot;&gt;Vide lemma &quot;PREGIZERUS&quot; apud {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur PREGIZERUS Joh. Ulricus, Custerdingâ vicô Tubingæ vicinô natus.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kusterdingen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Cyrnacha Subterior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unterkirnach'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== D ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Daisendorfa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;&gt;Homann, J. B. (1712). Atlas Novus Terrarum Orbis Imperia. Norimbergae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Daisendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dauchinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dauchingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dautmeringa sub Alpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Beschreibung des Oberamts Balingen&quot;&gt;Paulus, K. E. (Ed.). (1870). ''Beschreibung des Oberamts Balingen''. H. Lindemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dautmergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Degginga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [http://benediktinerakademie.org/wp-content/plugins/kloster-vz/func/get-kloster.php ''Benediktiner Akademie''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Deggingen''' (OSB M), Degginga, Mönchs-Deggingen – st. Martinus – Diöz. Augsburg, Schwaben in Bayern – gegr. 1138, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Deggingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deilinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Deilingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deizisavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Deizisau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/10110/Teningen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Deninga 0972 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Teningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Denkendorfium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Denkendorfium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/marginalienundm00nestgoog/marginalienundm00nestgoog_djvu.txt ''Marginalien und Materialen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ex quo Denkendorfium Te praeposito gaudere coepit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Denkendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Denzlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Denzlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derdinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004529915/back-1.xml?srsltid=AfmBOopp-k_PD2vjlH_0_S24NwThrcvtEaYRnofD5CM2RSNCUCWCIbrd ''brill.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Derdinga-Wurtembergicus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberderdingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettenhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;&gt;Schoepflin, J. D. (1751). Alsatia Illustrata: Celtica, Romana, Francica. Ex Typographia Regia.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dettenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettighofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dettighofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettinga ad Armissam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Crusius 1595&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dettingen an der Erms'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielhemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_iVUVAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_iVUVAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Historia et commentationes academiae electoralis scientiarum et elegantiorum literarum Theodoro-Palatinae. Volumen 1''], &amp; alia supra Nuzlocum &amp; Wiislocum loca, Dielhemium, Balzfelda (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dielheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dietenhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dietenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dietinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dietingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dischinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dischingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dischinga Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sattler 1768&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberdischingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dizinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ditzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dobela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dobel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dogerna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dogern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domuncula ad Viam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waghäusel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domunculae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Häusern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Abietum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Crusius 1595&quot;&gt;Crusius, M. (1595). Annales Suevici: ab initio rerum ad annum 1594. Nikolaus Bassée.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tannhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus ad Iagesnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jagsthausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus ad Rhenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rheinhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus ad Torrentem Massae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Massenbachhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Aginonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ehningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Arenae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sandhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Australis Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Obersontheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Autidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ötisheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Berimoti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bermatingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Blochi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Plochingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Etichonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ötigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Guckonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Guggenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Hittinis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hüttisheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Iffinis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Iffezheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Igeris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Igersheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Lapideae ad Rottum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinhausen an der Rottum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Maselae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Maselheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Meckinis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Meckesheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Megilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mögglingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Meginbusi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mönsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Meginonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Möglingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Merchonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Merklingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Mutilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mutlangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Nattonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nattheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Nova Luzzonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neulußheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Nozzonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Notzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Nuferi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nufringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Odonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oedheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Offredi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oftersheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Oggoltis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oggelshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Ostelis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ostelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Owonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Owingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Paludis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Riedhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Paludis et Villae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rietheim-Weilheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Reginheri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Renquishausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Richardi (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Domus Richardi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reichartshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Ringonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ringsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Rohinkonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Roigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Ruotmari]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rutesheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Sareronis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sersheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Saxonum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sachsenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Scofis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schopfheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Silvae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;&gt;Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). [[Carolsruha]]e: Braun.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hartheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus supra Verenam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hausen ob Verena'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Domus Sweiconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwaikheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doneschinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Donaueschingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Donzdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Donzdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornhania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dornhan'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornstadium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Dictionnaire_de_Tr%C3%A9voux,_1771,_III.djvu/444 ''Dictionnaire de Trévoux, 1771, III.djvu/444''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) DORNSTET. Petite ville du Duché de Furstemberg, en Suabe. ''Dornstadium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dornstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dossenhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dossenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duerbhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dürbheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duna Nova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neudenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum (Germania)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dunningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Durlanga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Durlangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Durmentinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wartmann 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dürmentingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Durmershemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Durmersheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Durnium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dürnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Durocahusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Codex Diplomaticus ad Historiam Ducatus Wirtembergensis 11 1913&quot;&gt;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch (Ed.). (1913). ''Codex Diplomaticus ad Historiam Ducatus Wirtembergensis'' (Vol. 11). Typis J. B. Metzler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Durchhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Durrhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Dürrheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ludwig von Wüttemberg&quot;&gt;Vide ''De Gruyter Brill'', ubi dicitur &quot;(...) quod iniuste possideas Ofterdingam, Duslingam, Nerhemium, Mössingam et 90 alios pagos (...)&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dußlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== E ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Eanhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Egenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebinwilare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ebenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eberdinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/historiabibliot00fabrgoog/historiabibliot00fabrgoog_djvu.txt ''Historia bibliothecæ Fabricianæ''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Eberdinga-wurtenbergicus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eberdingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eberhardcella]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://dg.philhist.unibas.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/dg/Bereiche/Fruehe_Neuzeit/Professur_Burghartz/Matrikel_der_Universita__t_Basel_1951_Band_1.pdf ''1460-1529 Historisches Seminar - Universität Basel''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Fesseler Conr., de Eberhardcella (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eberhardzell'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersbacum-Musbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ebersbach-Musbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebhusa (Badenia et Virtembergia)|Ebhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ebhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eboringa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&amp;cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&amp;lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ebringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ecclesia ad Lacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch III 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seekirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ectodurum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leutkirch im Allgäu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eddingum-Vicus ad Nicrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Edingen-Neckarhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Efringae-Kirchae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Efringen-Kirchen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egeshemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''https://www.e-rara.ch'', ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Wosenhemium'' alterum Virginum monasterium apud Egeshemium olim ancillarum S. crucis nominatum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Egesheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggensteinium et Leopoldi Portus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eginga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eggingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eginga (Danubius)|Eginga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; ad [[Danubius|Danubium]] (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ehingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehrenkirchena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ehrenkirchen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eigeltinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eigeltingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimeldinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/die-alten-matrikeln-der-universitt-strassburg-1621-bis-1793-band-3-personen-und-ortsregister-reprint-2019nbsped-9783111618395-9783111242019.html ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793: Band 3 Personen- und Ortsregister''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dan. Bierman Eimeldinga-March., Christi. Hub. Pfeffel Argentinensis: Versaliensis, Joh. Bapt. Rayber Largensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eimeldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eiseshemium Inferius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stälin 1870&quot;&gt;Stälin, C. F. (1870). Wirtembergische Geschichte: Altwürttembergisches Gebiet. J. G. Cotta’scher Verlag.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Untereisesheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eisinga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Eisinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höpfl 1902&quot;&gt;Höpfl, H. (Ed.) (1902). ''Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Sprache und Litteratur Elsass-Lothringens''. J.H. Ed. Heitz.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eisingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eislinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [http://digital.bib-bvb.de/view/bvb_single/single.jsp?dvs=1752619570554~198&amp;locale=es_ES&amp;VIEWER_URL=/view/bvb_single/single.jsp?&amp;DELIVERY_RULE_ID=39&amp;bfe=view/action/singleViewer.do?dvs=&amp;frameId=1&amp;usePid1=true&amp;usePid2=true ''Ioannes Iacobus Haidius'']{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nat. d. X. Cal. Febr. An. MDCCIV. in Eislinga Min. Agri Wirtemb (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eislingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eichstettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eichstetten am Kaiserstuhl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elcheshemium et Illingum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Elchesheim-Illingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ellwanga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ellwangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emeringa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/22737/file/BLB_Freiburger_Dioecesan_Archiv_22_1892.pdf ''Freiburger Diöcesan-Archiv''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Eberhardus de Eistat (...) plebanus in Emeringa, loco d. Joannis Hofmaisteri, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Emeringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emerkinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/chronicarefiere00greigoog/chronicarefiere00greigoog_djvu.txt ''Chronica Ref. Provinciae S. Leopoldi Tyrolensis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) quoddam pratum Emerkingae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Emerkingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmingae-Liptingae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Emmingen-Liptingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Empfinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Empfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [http://www.latein-pagina.de/index.html?http://www.latein-pagina.de/iexplorer/colloquium.htm ''www.latein-pagina.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De loco, ubi habitum colloqvium est, oppido Emmendinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Emmendingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Endinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Endingen am Kaiserstuhl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Engen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engstinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://sbc.org.pl/Content/566333/PDF/iii4206-1912-01_04-0001.pdf ''Zeitschrift''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad dedicationem Maior-Engstingam coraiti postea, fassus sit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Engstingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.mpaginae.nl/BrvnSaeckma/brsframe.htm ''DE CURATOR''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) spero advocatum Eninga curaturum esse (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eningen unter Achalm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ensiga Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unterensingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Episcopi Villare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (2002)&quot;&gt;Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (2002). ''Kreisbeschreibungen des Landes Baden-Württemberg: Der Landkreis Rastatt'' (Vol. 1). Jan Thorbecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bischweier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Episcopivilla ad Nicrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neckarbischofsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Episcopofanum ad Tubarim]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tauberbischofsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eppelhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eppelheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eppinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/rgs/bd3/RGS_3_1.html ''CAMENA''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) apud oppidum Eppingam (...) quem explicatis signis ad Eppingam duci (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eppingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erdmanhusa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://opendigi.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/opendigi/LXV223-3 ''1710 - 1817''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erdmanhusa Wirtembergicus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Erdmannhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eriskircha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eriskirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erlacum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großerlach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erlenbacum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Erlenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erlenbach&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Erlenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Erlenbacum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_cloFAAAAQAAJ_3/bub_gb_cloFAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Historia et commentationes''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ita Erlenbacum sive superius sive inferius (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Erlenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erlighemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Erligheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ertinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_OQNDAAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_OQNDAAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Neue historische Abhandlungen der Baierischen Akademie der Wissenschaften''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) proprietatis  res  in  loco  Ertinga  dicto (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ertingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschbronna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eschbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschenbachium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Eschenbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Epistola Itineraria&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/cera/baierfj1/Baier_epistola_itineraria.html ''EPISTOLA ITINERARIA''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eschenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eslinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=1gEwAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA221&amp;lpg=PA221&amp;dq=Eslinga+quod&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=MFAmYgUt1b&amp;sig=Ke5_Kg3aI1iXdp89LYblQEp6AAg&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=avxXTZzCC4vHtAaTlamlCw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Eslinga%20quod&amp;f=false Thesaurus rerum Suevicarum, seu, Dissertationum selectarum volumen primum ... Ab Iohanne Reinhardo Wegelin]&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Esslingen am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[[google Books]]: [https://books.google.de/books?id=cUuUbaahCNwC&amp;pg=PA503&amp;lpg=PA503&amp;dq=Essinga+civitas+Germaniae&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=SVVdMohCS8&amp;sig=ACfU3U27d3nhBfnixW4A15G_TYk5rWwxzw&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjb6pGEkuDmAhWKJlAKHTuMCU8Q6AEwBXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Essinga%20civitas%20Germaniae&amp;f=false Dictionarium Aelii Antonii Nebrissensis, Gramatici, Cronographi Regii: imo ...auctor: Antonius Nebrissensis]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Essingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ettenhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ettenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ettelinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ettlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eutinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://ia804502.us.archive.org/5/items/bub_gb_L2R1kltIjgIC/bub_gb_L2R1kltIjgIC.pdf ''Historiae Frisingensis Tomus II'']{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) à noster Rapotone Comite Palatino Eutingam celebrem vicum (...) hac nostra Eutinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eutingen im Gäu'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== F ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Fagus ad Ammeram]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ammerbuch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fagus Silvatica (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Fagus Silvatica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldenbuch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fahrenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steyrer 1764&quot;&gt;Steyrer, R. (1764). ''Chronicon Einsiedlense, exhibens ordinem, et seriem abbatum monasterii B. M. V. Einsiedlensis''. Typis principalis monasterii Einsiedlensis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fahrenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Faucium Lacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schluchsee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Feinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/1130/Vaihingen+an+der+Enz+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Feinga 0779 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vaihingen an der Enz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ferririvus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eisenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fildropolis]]&lt;ref&gt;Stadt Filderstadt (s.f.). ''Filderstädter Schriftenreihe''. Filderstadt.de.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Filderstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fiscina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fischingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fleischwangum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fleischwangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Flein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fluoria-Winzelna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oesterley 1883&quot;&gt;Oesterley, H. (1883). ''Historisch-geographisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Mittelalters''. J. Wayne.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Steichele 1895&quot;&gt;Steichele, A. (1895). ''Das Bisthum Augsburg, historisch und statistisch beschrieben'' (Vol. 5). B. Schmid'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fluorn-Winzeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Baiericus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Crusius 1596&quot;&gt;Crusius, M. (1596). Annales Suevici. Nikolaus Bassée.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Baiersbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Fraxineus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sartorius 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eschelbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Lapideus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinenbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Nasturtii ad Lacum Potamicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kressbronn am Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Profundus (Circulus terrae Boeblingensis)|Fons Profundus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Beschreibung des Oberamts Calw&quot;&gt;Paulus, K. E. (Ed.). (1862). ''Beschreibung des Oberamts Calw''. H. Lindemann.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Boeblingensis|Circulo terrae Boeblingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Deckenpfronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Profundus (Circulus Enzensis)|Fons Profundus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus Enzensis|Circulo Enzensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tiefenbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Regis]]&lt;ref&gt;Kulturverein Königsbronn (s. f.). ''Königsbronn war anfangs nur ein Klostername''. Kulturverein-koenigsbronn.de.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Königsbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Siliceus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meisner 1623&quot;&gt;Meisner, D. (1623). Thesaurus Philo-Politicus (Sciagraphia Cosmica). Eberhard Kieser.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kieselbronn'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Fons Silvester (Nicer et Ottenica silva)|Fons Silvester]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus Nicrensis et Ottenicus|Circulo Nicrensi et Ottenico]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldbrunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Silvestris (Carolsruha)|Fons Silvestris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Carolsruhensis|Circulo Carolsruhensis]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Trifolium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1844&quot;&gt;Lehmann, J. G. (1844). ''Die Burgen und Bergschlösser der Pfalz und der benachbarten Gegenden''. Hallberger.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Cleebronn'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Forastum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Forst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Forbacum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Forbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch 5 1875&quot;&gt;Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg. (1875). ''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. 4). Königlichen Staatsarchiv.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Forbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Forchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Forchheim&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Forchheim'' in Latinam &quot;Forchemium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Forchheim am Kaiserstuhl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Forchtenberga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.latein.at/phpBB/viewtopic.php?f=18&amp;t=41014&amp;start=5205 ''www.latein.at''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sophia Magdalena Scholl, studiosa Theodisca, nascitur Forchtenbergae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Forchtenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Franconosylva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1748&quot;&gt;Biedermann, J. G. (1748). ''Censura Genealogica, sive de monumentis literariis, quibus genealogiae nobilium praecipue in Francia Orientali nituntur''. Typis Spindlerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Frankenhardt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fratrum Vitae Communis Monasterium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Mergentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fraxineus Rivus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fraxinorivus Brisgoicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1852&quot;&gt;Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel [et regionum adiacentium]''. Lintz.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freudenberga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Freudenberga]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251015233016/https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/bertius/bertius1/Bertius_commentarii_2.html ''P. BERTII COMMENTARIORVM RERVM GERMANICARVM''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Freudenbergae chalybs praeparatur optimae notae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Freudenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freudenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Freudenstadium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/p3nuovodizionari02vene/p3nuovodizionari02vene_djvu.txt ''Nuovo dizionario geografico universale, statistico, storico, commerciale. Compilato sulle grandi opere di Arrowsmith et al.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FREUDENSTADT  o  FREDESTADT Fridericistadium  o  Freudenstadium (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Freudenstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freudenthalium]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/knipschild1/Knipschild_tractatus_1.html ''PHILIPPI KNIPSCHILDII TRACTATVS DE JVRIBVS ET PRIVILEGIIS CIVITATVM IMPERIALIVM''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et Freudenthalium a Duce Würtembergico splendide extructa (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Freudental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friberga ad Neccarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiberg'' in Latinam &quot;Friberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr., vide {{Graesse}} aut {{Hofmannus}}. De flumine [[Neccarus|Neccaro]], vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Freiberg am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Freiburg im Breisgau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frickenhusa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Frickenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg 5 1883&quot;&gt;Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg (1883). ''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. 5). Königlichen Staatsarchiv.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Frickenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fridenwilare]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.kloester-bw.de/klostertexte.php?kreis=&amp;bistum=&amp;alle=1&amp;ungeteilt=&amp;art=&amp;orden=M%C3%B6nchsorden&amp;orte=&amp;buchstabe=&amp;nr=369&amp;thema=Geschichte ''Klöster in Baden-Wüttemberg''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) &quot;villa Fridenwilare&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Friedenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friderici Portus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friderici Portus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/deutschlateinis01saalgoog/deutschlateinis01saalgoog_djvu.txt ''Deutsch-lateinisches handbüchlein der eigennamen aus der alten : mittleren und neuen geographie''], ubi dicitur &quot;Friedrichshafen (...) Friderici Portus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Friedrichshafen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fridinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ssrq-sds-fds.ch/online/SH_I_1/SH_I_1.pdf ''Sammlung Schweizerischer Rechtsquellen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in villa, que dicitur Fridinga (...) ''Friedingen, Gern. Singen, Lkr. Konstanz'' Fridinga 3 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fridingen an der Donau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friolfi Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 1 1900&quot;&gt;Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 1, II ed.). P. Hanstein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Friolzheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisenheimium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Frisenheimium]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10945676?p=276&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Pars''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) erant ad pagum Frisenheimium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce '' Friesenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friteginum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Frickingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frittlinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/quellenzurschwei03allguoft/quellenzurschwei03allguoft_djvu.txt ''Quellen zur Schweizer Geschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) pro anima patris mei in Frittlinga ad tres mansos et dimidium (...) Frittlingen  (Frittlinga)  9 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Frittlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furtum Baiorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;König 1840&quot;&gt;König, F. von (1840). Das Kloster Weingarten: Ein topographisch-historisches Dokument. Selbstverlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Baienfurt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furtwanga in Silva Nigra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch Online&quot;&gt;Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg (s. f.). ''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch Online'': Furtwangen (Teilort). WUB Online.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Furtwangen im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== G ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Gaertringium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger Supplementum ... vulgaria 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gärtringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gaeufeldia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger Supplementum ... vulgaria 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gäufelden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gaggenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger Supplementum ... vulgaria 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon nominum locorum: Supplementum referens nomina Latina vulgaria''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gaggenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gaiberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger Supplementum ... vulgaria 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gaiberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gaienhofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1955&quot;&gt;Bacci, A. (1955). ''Lexicon eorum vocabulorum, quae difficilius Latine redduntur''. Studium.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gaienhofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gaildorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger Supplementum ... vulgaria 1977&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gaildorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gailinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;&gt;[https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/22737/file/BLB_Freiburger_Dioecesan_Archiv_22_1892.pdf ''Freiburger Diöcesan-Archirv''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gailingen am Hochrhein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gamertinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''www.e-rara.ch'', ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Gamertinga, (oppidum modo est prope Veringam,) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gammertingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gammelshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari &amp; Baudrand 1677&quot;&gt;Ferrari, F., &amp; Baudrand, M. A. (1677). Novum lexicon geographicum: In quo universi orbis oppida, urbes, regiones... flumina, montes &amp;c. exponuntur. Apud Homobonum Bettaninum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gammelshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gamundia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwäbisch Gmünd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gechinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.elk-wue.de/service/gedenktage/gedenktage-2023/4-april-300-jahrestag-der-durchfuehrung-der-ersten-konfirmation-in-wuerttemberg ''4. April: 300. Jahrestag der Durchführung der ersten Konfirmation in Württemberg''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „Catalogus Puerorum et Puellarum, quae Gechingae sunt confirmata“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gechingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geisinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Geisinga Bad. phil*''' Geisingen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Geisingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geislinga (Goppinga)|Geislinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;&gt;Bohun, E. (1695). ''A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names of all the countries, provinces, cities, towns, ports, islands, mountains, and rivers of the whole world''. Charles Brome. University of Michigan Library.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) (in [[Circulus terrae Goppingensis|Circulo terrae Goppingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Geislingen an der Steige'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geislinga (Circulus Montium Zolnerensium)|Geislinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Geislinga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Geislingen'' in Latinam &quot;Geislinga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/22737/file/BLB_Freiburger_Dioecesan_Archiv_22_1892.pdf ''Freiburger Diöcesan-Archirv''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ec. oppidi Geislinga  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) (in [[Circulus Montium Zolnerensium|Circulo Montium Zolnerensium]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Geislingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemminga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://liburutegibiltegi.bizkaia.eus/bitstream/handle/20.500.11938/79589/b11150907.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y ''Diccionario Geofráfico Universal''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Gemmingen,''' ''Gemminga'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmrighemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger Supplementum ... vulgaria 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gemmrigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemunda ad Nicrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neckargemünd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gengenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gengenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgii Cella (ad Nigram Silvam)|Georgii Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sankt Georgen im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerabronna]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240814145145/https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/leonina/EL%20283.pdf ''Epistula Leonina CCLXXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) inspector fodinarum salinarum oppidi ''Gerabronnae'' (...) usque ad a.1794 Gerabronnae institutus est (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gerabronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geraha (Nicer et Ottenica silva)|Geraha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6125/Neckargerach+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Geraha 0976 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus Nicrensis et Ottenicus|Circulo Nicrensi et Ottenico]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neckargerach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari &amp; Baudrand 1677&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gernsbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger Supplementum ... vulgaria 1977&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gernsbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerstettium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger Supplementum ... vulgaria 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gerstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerswillare]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20250708080218/https://www.goerwihl.de/goerwihl/gemeinde-goerwihl/ortsteile/goerwihl.php ''www.goerwihl.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Ort Görwihl, 1193 erstmals als &quot;Gerswillare&quot; erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Görwihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ginga (Germania)|Ginga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ad [[Brancia (flumen)|Branciam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brancia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Die romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Brenz''', Fluss links zur Donau, mündet zwischen Faimingen und Lauingen (Lkr. Dillingen an der Donau), um 774 ''fluvium Brancia'', &lt; (kelt.) *''Brandisa'' (...).&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Giengen an der Brenz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ginga ad Vilisam|Ginga]]&lt;ref&gt;De huius oppidi nomen, vide [https://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/archiv-lorsch/archiv-lorsch.cgi?urkundennr=3676 ''Archivum Laureshamense''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Gingen (Fils) (''Ginga, Gingen''); et de hydronymo &quot;[[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ad [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gingen an der Fils'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glattena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Glatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gogginga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_Q7osAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_Q7osAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Monumenta Boica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) via ab Augusta versus Kaufburam; unde Gogginga, Inninga, Bobinga, Wehringa, Aitinga, Mendichinga etc. dicuntur oppida sita (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Göggingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gomadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gomadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gomaringa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23973225 ''Tristia Thumlingensia''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) factus est Gomaringae prope Tubingam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gomaringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gondelshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gondelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goppinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Göppingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gosshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gosheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottenhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gottenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottmadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gottmadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Graba ad Albiem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grabenstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grabum-Neudorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;&gt;Bullinger, H. (2024). Multilingual Workflows in Bullinger Digital: Data Curation for Latin and Early New High German Letters (C. Campi, Ed.). Journal of Open Humanities Data.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Neudorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neudorf'' in Latinam &quot;Neudorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cil_3_1/0532/image,info ''Inscriptiones Asiae Provinciarvm Evropae Graecorvm Illyrici Latinae (Vol. 3, Pars 1)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) regione tetendisse fere ad Neudorfium (...)&quot; aut vide [https://img.sub.uni-hamburg.de/kitodo/PPN662479092/PDF/00000183.pdf ''img.sub.uni-hamburg.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nam quum apud Neudorfium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafenberga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/actaphysicomedic91752acad/actaphysicomedic91752acad_djvu.txt ''Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dn. Andreas Jacobus KIRSTEN, Med, Doct. &amp; Practicus Grafenbergae Noricorum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grafenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafenhusa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Grafenhusa Bad''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grafenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Griesinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Griesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grinarium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Reis 1834&quot;&gt;Reis, J. G. (1834). ''Etymologies des noms de lieu: tirés du latin, du grec, des langues celtiques et tudesques''. Chez Mme. C. Desoer. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Köngen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Griubingarus]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/745/Gruibingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in Griubingaro marco (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gruibingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grombacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grömbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grosselfinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grosselfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grundsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gruoninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.markgroeningen.de/stadt-markgroeningen/portrait-geschichte/historisches ''Stadt Markgröningen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Markgröningen wurde im Jahr 779 als &quot;Gruoninga&quot; in einer Schenkungsurkunde an das Kloster Fulda erstmals erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Markgröningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gruppenbachium Inferius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gruppenbachium&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''-gruppenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Gruppenbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.prdl.org/author_view.php?a_id=2653 ''Jakob Schopper, Jr (1545-1616)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) (Tubingae : Gruppenbachii, 1571) (...);&quot; et Latinum adiectivum &quot;Inferius&quot; Theodiscum praefixum ''Unter-&quot; vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Untergruppenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guetenbachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohun 1695&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gütenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guglinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://goobi.tib.eu/viewer/searchadvanced/-/%252528U002B%252528PI_TOPSTRUCT%25253A%252528829280650%252529%252529+U002B%252528SUPERDEFAULT%25253A%252528guglinga%252529+SUPERFULLTEXT%25253A%252528guglinga%252529+SUPERUGCTERMS%25253A%252528guglinga%252529+DEFAULT%25253A%252528guglinga%252529+FULLTEXT%25253A%252528guglinga%252529+NORMDATATERMS%25253A%252528guglinga%252529+UGCTERMS%25253A%252528guglinga%252529+CMS_TEXT_ALL%25253A%252528guglinga%252529%252529%252529/1/RELEVANCE/-/ ''Ioannis Kepleri astronomi Opera omnia '']{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lincio Stuttgardiam indeque Guglingam properavit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Güglingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gundelfinga (Brisgovia)|Gundelfinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/Discursus_juridicus_De_supplicationibus.html?id=nX_LQ8jCRUIC&amp;redir_esc=y ''Discursus juridicus De supplicationibus extrahendis processibus'], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Not. Pub. Gundelfinga Brisgous In auditorio (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Brisgovia|Brisgoviā]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gundelfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gundelsheimium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Gundelsheimium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://edh.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/geographie/G030647 ''Geographic Database'], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) infra Gundelsheimium, ad Neccarum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gundelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guota]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/9831/Gutach+im+Breisgau+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Guota 1309 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gutach im Breisgau'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== H ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Hachinswanda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/15430/H%C3%B6chenschwand+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hachinswanda 1158 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Höchenschwand'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagani Pons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stälin Erster Theil 1841&quot;&gt;Stälin, C. F. (1841). ''Wirtembergische Geschichte: Erster Theil''. [[Stutgardia]]e et [[Tubinga]]e: J. G. Cotta'scher Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hambrücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hailprunna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heilbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla Inferior]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/2557/Niedernhall+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in Halla inferiori (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niedernhall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla Suevica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwäbisch Hall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Armhein 1890&quot;&gt;Amrhein, A. (1890). ''Archiv des Historischen Vereines von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg'' (Vol. 33). [[Herbopolis|Herbipoli]]: Historischer Verein von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hardheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardhusa ad Cocheram]]&lt;ref&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hardthausen'' in Latinam &quot;Hardhusa&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/12292/Harthausen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hardhusa 0882 (...)&quot;; et [https://de.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Seite:OAB_Oberndorf_244.jpg ''Eduard Paulus: Beschreibung des Oberamts Oberndorf''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) In loco, qui dicitur Hardhusa  (...)&quot;. De hydronymo &quot;[[Cochera]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardia (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hardia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior'' (Vol. 1). [[Lipsia]]e: Gleditsch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hardt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Circulus terrae Lorrachensis)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Lorrachensis|Circulo terrae Lorrachensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hasel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela in Valli Kynzichae]]&lt;ref&gt;De huius communis nomen, vide {{Graesse}}; et, de hydronymo &quot;[[Chinzechun|Kyzincha]]&quot;, vide [http://www.geschichte-schiltach.de/files/2014-12-22_Helmut_Horn_Die_Kinzig_2014.pdf ''Historischer Verein für Mittelbaden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Kinzig''': 2 um 1099: usque ad Chinzechun, per descensum Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun3; - 1128: flumen [Fluss] Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Haslach im Kinzigtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasmershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_HONMAAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_HONMAAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Crucenacum Palatinum cum ipsius archisatrapia, ex historia, potissimum politica et litteraria, illustratum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) casus Hasmershemium, prefecture (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Haßmersheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uni-marburg.de ''gvilelmi ii''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) (venia Hattenhofa-Hassus. impetrat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hattenhofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hausa in Valle Wisensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hausen im Wiesental'')&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hausen im Wiesental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hechingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heddeshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Crucenacum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_HONMAAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_HONMAAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Crucenacum Palatinum cum ipsius archisatrapia, ex historia, potissimum politica et litteraria, illustratum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) pago Heddeshemio ad rivum Güldenbach (...) unam cum dimidia: Heddeshemium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heddesheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidelberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heidelberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiginga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/15868/Hayingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 854 Heiginga (Personenname Heigo) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hayingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heimshemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/19901/6/Grammatica_Universales_15.pdf ''Grammatica Universalis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Heimshemii (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heimsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heininga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Heininga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neugart Episcopatus Constantiensis 1791&quot;&gt;Neugart, T. (1791). ''Episcopatus Constantiensis Alemannicus sub metropoli Moguntina''. San Blasien: Typis San-Blasianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heiningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heitershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/Hofmann_lexicon_t2_0544_fridericvs.html ''LEXICON VNIVERSALE''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Prior constitutus, Heitershemium incoluit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heitersheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadia-Bargina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Helmstadium&quot;&gt;Episcopatus Constantiensis. (1790). ''Status Personalis et Realis Archidioeceseis Friburgensis''. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae|Friburgi Brisgoviae]]: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Helmstadt-Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmonis Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbacum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/pareus1/pareusmusae.html ''CARMEN XXXI. AD NOBILISS. IUVENES, AMICOS, AUDITORES, ET DOMESTICOS Parei In Natalem LXII. ''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Est locus INTUERGIS ''[Note: c Fit Minister Ecclesiae Hemsbacensis, Anno 1573. 24. Aug]'' quondam pia templa colonis Monstrans, HEMSBACUM rustica turba vocat (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hemsbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herba Viridis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grünkraut'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herbertinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://digisam.ub.uni-giessen.de Martini Crusii ''Oratio de Regina Rom. Augusta Irena, vel Maria''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Quo 1205. anno, in Herbertinga Monasterio, sepultus fuit Hartmannus Ehinger (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Herbertingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herdwanga-Soneicha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  '''Herdwanga Badenus''' (...) '''Herdwanga-Bad.''' (...)&quot;; et [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/21460/Gro%C3%9Fsch%C3%B6nach+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1092 Soneicha (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Herdwangen-Schönach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heriboteshemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_rqiGZ-HEg2UC/bub_gb_rqiGZ-HEg2UC_djvu.txt ''Bartholomaei Fisen Leodiensis e Societate Iesu Sancta legia Romanae Ecclesiae filia siue Historia ecclesiae Leodiensis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Heriboteshemium  abbatia  fuit (...) Heriboteshemium  datur  S. Lamberto (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Herbolzheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hermaringa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10003384?p=14&amp;cq=Stain,%20J.%20C.&amp;lang=de ''Mantissa Ad Commentarivm Rervm Avgvstan. Vindelic. R. P. D. Caroli Stengelii Abbatis Anhvsani''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Iacobi Hermaringae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hermaringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrenberga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_3khQl0rF338C/bub_gb_3khQl0rF338C_djvu.txt ''Rerum Augustan. Vindel. commentarius, ab urbe condita, ad nostra usque tempora. In 2. partes distinctus''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) dicitur arces Herrenberga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Herrenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hessigheimium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://ia801604.us.archive.org/29/items/bub_gb_1aoVAQAAMAAJ/bub_gb_1aoVAQAAMAAJ.pdf ''Urkunden und Akten der Stadt Strassburg''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hessigheimio-Wirtembergicus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hessigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hettinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardBaden-WuerttemberginderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161123-1017.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Hettingen''', 12. Jh., bei Gamertingen in (dem früheren Fürstentum) Hohenzollern, F1-1288 HATH2 (PN) Hettingen (3), Hatingin P. Scr. 10 85 (1192), Hettinga  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hettingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heubachum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://ia803409.us.archive.org/5/items/bub_gb_PoAgAAAAMAAJ/bub_gb_PoAgAAAAMAAJ.pdf ''Gmünder Chroniken im 16. Jahrhundert'']{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Tunc non Heubachum nominabatur, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heubach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heyrlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Haigerloch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilarae Rieda]]&lt;ref&gt;De hydronymo &quot;[[Hilaria|Hilara]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}} et Theodiscum toponymum ''Rieden'' in Latinam &quot;Rieda&quot; verti solet. V.gr., vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/pareus1/Pareus_historia.html ''HISTORIA BAVARICO- PALATINA''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Traunsteinium, Burghusium, Brunouium, Oetinga, Trostberga, Rieda, Rosenhaimium, Mosburgum, Ardinga, Ottofelda, Pfarkirchium, Biburgum, Dorfena, Neoforum, Rotenburgum (...)&quot;; aut [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10315929?cq=Halae&amp;p=1&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Pars''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rieda Rosenbaimium Mosburgum Ardinga Ottofelda Pfarkirchium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Illerrieden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildrizhusa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/498871261/tbingeni-matrikula-msolata ''Tbingeni Matrikula Msolata''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hildrizhusa-nus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hildrizhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilzinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Hilzinganus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hilzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hirlinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/chronicarefprovi00grei/chronicarefprovi00grei_djvu.txt ''Chronica ref. provinciae S. Leopoldi Tyrolensis ex opere Germania Franciscana''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) senex  dictus  ab  Hirlinga (...) Hirlingam (...) Hirlinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hirrlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hirsberga ad Stratam Montanam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucher 1812&quot;&gt;Bucher, C. F. (1812). Das Musterwesen der Strata Montana, oder die Bergstrasse. In Commission bey den Gebrüdern Wilmans.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hirschberg an der Bergstraße'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hochdorffium (Biberacum)|Hochdorffium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hochdorffium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hochdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Hochdorffium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Justus_Christianus_Loder%2C_D._Solemnia_inauguralia_praenobilissimi_medicinae_candidati_F.G.A._Jacobi_..._indicit._Praemittitur_Commentationis_de_vaginae_uteri_procidentia_particula_III_%28IA_b31953852%29.pdf ''Iustus christianus''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) natus sum Hochdorffii pago (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Biberacensis|Circulo Biberacensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hochdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hochdorffium (Eslinga)|Hochdorffium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hochdorffium&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Eslingensis|Circulo Eslingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hochdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hockonis Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hockenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hofstetium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hofstetium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofstetium&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Hofstetten'' in Latinam &quot;Hofstetium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20250713164116/http://www.fondazioneintorcetta.info/ ''Compendium latinum proponens x11 posteriores figuras''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hofstetium hybernum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hofstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Epistola Itineraria&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohenstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohensteinium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hohensteinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohensteinium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hohenstein'' in Latinam &quot;Hohensteinium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&amp;cqlMode=true&amp;query=idn%3D102109230 ''DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schwarzburgum-Hohensteinium, Comes (...)&quot; aut vide [https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/92004/object_NKCR__25_G_000320_3D0M7U7 ''JOHANNIS MOLLERI Groß VVERTERANNI, HOHENSTEINII, PRAECOGNITA JURISPRUDENTIAE, SIVE, Ad NOMOLOGISTICAM EIUS TRIPLICEM, PRAECONIA, ET PRIMA JURIS PRINCIPIA''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holzgerninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/133/Holzgerlingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Holzgerninga 1007 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Holzgerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holzkircha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/02m/0788-0856,_Rabanus_Maurus,_Vita_Operaque_[Auctore_Rudolfo_Scholastico_Ejus_Discipulo],_MLT.pdf ''Rabanus Maurus, Vita Operaque''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) locum qui vocatur Holzkircha (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Holzkirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Horben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horeguncella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Horgenzell'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hornberga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/frisc1/frischlinelegiaca.html ''OPERUM POETICORUM NICODEMI FRISCHLINI, BALINGENSIS''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et se cum Hornberga iunget Acanthopolis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hornberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hortus ad Linam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leingarten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husa apud Montem Buxum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hausen am Bussen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutlinga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hutlinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/4565/H%C3%BCttlingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hutlinga 1024 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hüttlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hypergraecia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberkirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== I ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Ibachum (commune)|Ibachum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.nomos-elibrary.de ''Melanchthons Briefwechsel''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ibachi datum esse et Ibachum proficisci in Hassiam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ibach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburinga]]&lt;ref&gt;''Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon,'' 19: 859.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Überlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iestetta]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.santalfonsoedintorni.it/Spicilegium/07/SH-07-1959(I)015-067.pdf ''EPISTULARUM COMMERCIUM INTER P ATRES CSSR IN ITALIA ET TRANS ALPES TEMPORE S.I CLEMENTIS, 1786-1820''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Jestettae prope Schaffhusam in Monte Thabor (...) Jestettae, 12ª febr. 1805 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jestetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iettinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/freiburgerdiozes1418unse/freiburgerdiozes1418unse_djvu.txt ''Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Venerabilis  mater  M.  Bernardina  Schmid,  Jettingae  anno  Domini  1703  primam  lucem  aspexita (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jettingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ilsfelda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://github.com/latin-ocr/dchristianifrid00schngoog/blob/master/dchristianifrid00schngoog_0064.txt ''latin-ocr''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ilsfeldae natum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ilsfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ilveshemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/In_Iohannis_Keiserspergij_Theologi_doctr.html?id=1GCYsMr4VGQC&amp;redir_esc=y ''In Iohannis Keiserspergij Theologi doctrina vitaq[ue] probatissimi primi Argentinen[sis], ecclesie predicatoris mortem Planctus &amp; Lame[n]tatio cum aliquali vite sue descriptione et quorunda[m] Epitaphijs in evndem planctvm Ioannis Maler Ilveshemii''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ilvesheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Immenstadium ad Lacum Bodamicum]]&lt;ref&gt;De huius communis nomine, vide [https://er-prod11.ethz.ch ''Pars prima. Topographica eiusdem &amp; lacus sive maris utriusque nec non subditarum amplissimae Dioecesi provinciarum designatio'']{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) &amp; Immenstadium descenditur (...)&quot;; et, de hydronymo &quot;[[Lacus Bodamicus]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Immenstaad am Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Incendium Angeli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Engelsbrand'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago ad Lacum Constantiniensem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyerle 1959&quot;&gt;Beyerle, F. (1959). ''Zur Namengebung „Bodensee” und „Bodman”''. Hegau-Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hagnau am Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Inferior Silvaehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unterwaldhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Inferius Snaitheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumenta Boica XXII 1815&quot;&gt;Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1815). ''Monumenta Boica'' (Vol. 22). [[Monacum|Monachii]]: Typis Academicis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unterschneidheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ingelfinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://d-nb.info/972234446/34 ''David Chytraeus (1530-1600) als Erforscher und Wiederentdecker der Ostkirchen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in oppido Sveviae Ingelfinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ingelfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ingershemium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Ingershemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ingersheim&quot;&gt;Theodiscum et Francicum toponymum ''Ingersheim'' in Latinam &quot;Ingershemium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_QdpxfACAKZcC/bub_gb_QdpxfACAKZcC_djvu.txt ''Alsatia illustrata''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) una  ad  Ingershemium  vicum (...)&quot; aut vide [https://www.crhf.net/fr/index.php?t=villages&amp;d=villages&amp;c=villages&amp;f=show&amp;lieu=896 '' Centre de Recherches sur l'Histoire des Familles''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ingersheim oriundorum, Ingershemensis, Ingershemiani, Ingershemiano, Ingershemiensis, Ingershemii (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ingersheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Isny im Allgäu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuliomagus (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Iuliomagus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wutach'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== K ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Kantza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kanzach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Keula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kehl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchbergium ad Ilargum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lazius 1561&quot;&gt;Lazius, W. (1561). ''Typi chorographici provinciae Austriae''. Apud Raphaelem Hofhalter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Illerkirchberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchaina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchheim unter Teck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchzarta]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Kirchzarta Badensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchzarten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Knittlinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://ia801604.us.archive.org/18/items/diefaustsplitter00tilluoft/diefaustsplitter00tilluoft_djvu.txt ''Die Faustsplitter in der Literatur des sechzehnten bis achtzehnten Jahrhunderts nach den ältesten Quellen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) sive Knittlinga, quae est parvum oppidum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Knittlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krauthemium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Krauthemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/A080085/A080085_djvu.txt ''Generalis geographia cosmica, mathematica, naturalis, politica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) KRAUTHEMIUM,  urbs  cum  arce (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Krautheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== L ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Lacus Equarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stutensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacus Ilmensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcinkovic 1985&quot;&gt;Marcinkovic, J. (1985). ''Heimat an den drei Seen: Die Geschichte von Illmensee''. Thorbecke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Illmensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacus Lonae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lonsee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laichinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stälin Schwaben und Südfranken 1841&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Laichingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Langenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langenburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/NumismatischesLegendenLexiconDesMitt2/Numismatisches_Legenden_Lexicon_des_Mitt_2_djvu.txt ''Numismatisches Legenden-Lexicon des Mittalters und der Neuzeit. Zweiter Theil''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Langenburgum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Langenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lapides (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Lapides]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lapis (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Lapis]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/16926/Rechtenstein+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1266 de Lapide (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rechtenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lapis Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Drackenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lapis Lucidus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lichtenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lapis Purus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauterstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Larum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lahr/Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lata Augia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinhofer 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Breitnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauchringa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_ojY_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_ojY_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''&quot;Quellensammlung der badischen Landesgeschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in pago Chlegowe in villa Lauchringa, et in illa marcha (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauchringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauda-Regiscuria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauda-Königshofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laudenbachium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Laudenbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Laudenbachium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Laudenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Laudenbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/monumentidellost10maro/monumentidellost10maro_djvu.txt ''Monumenti dello Stato pontificio e relazione topografica di ogni paese''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Iohannes  a Laudenbachio dicitur (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Laudenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauffenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Laufenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laufium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Laufium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Laufium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/thou1/t1/Thuanus_historiae_1_2.html ''IAC. AVG. THVANI HISTORIARVM SVI TEMPORIS LIBRI CXX''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) cum nuper Altorfium et Laufium suae ditionis oppida occupasset (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauphemum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Kepler-Gesammelte-Werke_15_0005-0568.pdf ''&quot;Quellensammlung der badischen Landesgeschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) JOHANNES KEPLER GESAMMELTE WERKE (...)&quot;, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Stutgardiae per quinquennium, Lauphemi ad Nicrum (...) Stutgardia Lauphemum translatus  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Laupheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laureshamense Monasterium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lorch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lautenbacum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Lautenbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lautenbacum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Lautenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Lautenbacum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_XZ3uHMGcnd0C/bub_gb_XZ3uHMGcnd0C_djvu.txt ''Alsatia illustrata''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cella  prope Lautenbacum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lautenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laviacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauffen am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leffinca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Löffingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lendischilicha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/8617/Lenzkirch+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lendischilicha 1113 Lenzkilcha 1200 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lenzkirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lenninga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Lenninga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenninga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Lenningen'' in Latinam &quot;Lenninga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&amp;cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&amp;lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lenningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leomontium]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Google Books]] [http://books.google.de/books?id=2bFEAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA161&amp;q=Leomontii Lateinische Stilübungen zum öffentlichen und Privatgebrauche, Band 2 von Christoph Friedrich Roth]&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leonberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leostenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce '' Löwenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leutenbacha (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Leutenbacha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leutenbacha&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Leutenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Leutenbacha&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/monumentagenecro04geseuoft/monumentagenecro04geseuoft_djvu.txt ''Monumenta Germaniae historica. Necrologia Germaniae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Friderici  de  Leutenbacha (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leutenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liberum Officium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Baden-Württemberg in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Köblergerhard.de.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Freiamt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lichtenavia (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Lichtenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lichtenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Lichtenau'' in Latinam &quot;Lichtenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/adam/adam3/books/adamvitae3_11.html ''IOANNES FICINUS''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) oppidum Lichtenavia (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lichtenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ligni Vermes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Holzmaden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Limbachum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Limbachum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Limbachum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Limbach'' in Latinam &quot;Limbachum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_lO9NFMWOAlYC/bub_gb_lO9NFMWOAlYC_djvu.txt ''Matthiae Belii Notitia Hungariae Novae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) viridique  planitie,  quam inter Getinavam , Limbachum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Limbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Loca (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Loca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Albus (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Locus Albus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Plankstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Comitialis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grimm 1844&quot;&gt;Grimm, J. (1844). Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer. Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mahlstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Fontis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ispringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Heroldi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heroldstatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Hingonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Althengstett'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Iurisiurandi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwörstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Lacunae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hülben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Lottonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lottstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Loffenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Loffenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Longa Enslina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Langenenslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lopodunum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.tesaurohistoriaymitologia.com/es/18957-lopodunum ''Tesauro Historia Antigua y Mitología''], ubi dicitur (...) '''Lopodunum''' Ciudad romana de cierta importancia en el panorama de la romanización de Germania Superior. A orillas del río Neckar, a apenas una decena de kilómetros de Mannheim y a pocos más de Heidelberg. El antiguo Ladenburg fue uno de los lugares más importantes en el interior de los Limes alemanes superiores hasta mediados del siglo III (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ladenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorrachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Doell 1857&quot;&gt;Doell, J. C. (1857). ''Flora des Grossherzogthums Baden. G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung''. (Nota: Auctor adiectivum Loeracense plerumque ad originem specierum in regione finitima indicandam adhibet).&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs Badeniensis) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lörrach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Losburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Losburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_Vus-AAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_Vus-AAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Quellensammlung der badischen Landesgeschichte / 2''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Losburgi diverto (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Loßburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lotorum Casae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;&gt;Rhenanus, B. (1531). ''Rerum Germanicarum Libri Tres''. Hieronymus Froben.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wäschenbeuren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lucus Avellanarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nußloch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lucus Lucidus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lichtenwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ludoviciburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;scribblemaps&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ludwigsburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lupisolum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bader 1844&quot;&gt;Bader, J. (1844). Die ehemaligen Klöster und Stifte des Großherzogthums Baden. Groos.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wolfschlugen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== M ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Maginga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/21164/Mengen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 819 (Fälschung) Maginga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mengen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magnifortia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mainhardt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magstadium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Magstadt'' in Latinam &quot;Magstadium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/p2operaomniaedid08kepluoft/p2operaomniaedid08kepluoft_djvu.txt ''Opera omnia. Edidit Ch. Frisch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Magstadii  natus  es (...) sed  Magstadium (...) Keplerum Magstadii natum VIII (...) Magstadii  natum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Magstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mahlberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mahlberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Malsburgum-Marcella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neugart Burgundiae Transiuranae 1791&quot;&gt;Neugart, T. (1791). ''Codex Diplomaticus Alemanniae et Burgundiae Transiuranae''. Typis Monasterii S. Blasii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Malsburg-Marzell'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Malscha (Carolsruha)|Malscha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Malscha&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Malsch'' in Latinam &quot;Malscha&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Carolsruhensis|Circulo Carolsruhensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Malsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Malscha (Rhenus et Nicer)|Malscha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Malscha&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Malsch'' in Latinam &quot;Malscha&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Nicrensis|Circulo Rhenano et Nicrensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Malsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Malterdinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_Geschichte_des_Oberrheins._Bd._038%2C_1885_%28IA_zeitschriftfurdi3818unse%29.pdf ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Johannes Thomas Rösch, Malterdinga March (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Malterdingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Manhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mannheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marbachum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;scribblemaps&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Marbach am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marcha (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Marcha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neugart Burgundiae Transiuranae 1791&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''March'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marchtallum]]&lt;ref&gt;[[google]] books: [https://books.google.de/books?id=pdthAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA65&amp;dq=marchtallum+superius&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=c-aOVb3vLIauygOLl4GgCQ&amp;ved=0CGEQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=marchtallum%20superius&amp;f=false Collectio Scriptorum Rerum Historico-Monastico Ecclesiasticarum ..., Band 6 von Michael Kuen]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Obermarchtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marchtallum Inferius]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://germania-sacra-datenbank.uni-goettingen.de/files/books/3.F.%205%20Schoentag%20Marchtal.pdf ''Germania Sacra'']{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Untermarchtal (''Marchtallum Inferius'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Untermarchtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marchtorfensis villa|Marchtorfensis Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Markdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marci Cella]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://karlsruhedaytrips.travellerspoint.com/34/ ''Day Trips Around Karlsruhe''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) The name of the village indicates its origins: Marxzell = „Marci cella“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Marxzell'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maulburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.agoda.com/ru-ru/city/maulburg-de.html?cid=1844104&amp;ds=vr8DHStCPCOp1tj8 ''agoda.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Маульбург был основан еще в римское время и назывался тогда &quot;Maulburgum&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Maulburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckenburanum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steichele 1864&quot;&gt;Steichele, A. (1864). ''Das Bisthum Augsburg, historisch und statistisch beschrieben''. B. Schmid'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Meckenbeuren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Medium Biberacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Medium Biberacum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Biberach'' in Latinam &quot;Biberacum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}. Latinum adiectivum &quot;medium&quot; Theodiscum praefixum ''Mittel-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mittelbiberach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meersburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://ubdocs.aau.at/open/voll/altbestand/AC10237559.pdf ''Historiae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Meersburgi urbe in finibus Saxonum (...) armis excurrunt» Meersburgum, inquam ingentes thesauri illati fuerant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Meersburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meissenhemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/die-alten-matrikeln-der-universitt-strassburg-1621-bis-1793-band-3-personen-und-ortsregister-reprint-2019nbsped-9783111618395-9783111242019.html ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Joan. Jac., Meissenhemio-Bipontinus (...) Meissenhemio Bipont. (m 762) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Meißenheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merdinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://es.findagrave.com/memorial/265046483/franciscus-antonius-hi%C3%9F ''Find a Grave'']{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Tempore Belli et Fugae Merdingae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Merdingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzhusium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_taUuAQAAIAAJ/bub_gb_taUuAQAAIAAJ_djvu.txt ''Die Jesuitennullen Prantl's an der Universität Ingolstadt und ihre Leidensgenossen : eine biobibliographische Studie''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Merzhusii die 9. Sept. 1770 (...) Et  Parocbo  Merzhusii (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Merzhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Messkirchium]]&lt;ref&gt;De nomine Latino vide: Philippus Andreas Burgoldensis, Collegium iuris publici Imperii Romano-Germanici, anno 1570 {{Google Books|tyiGRczwuPoC|pag. 225}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Meßkirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Metzinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://portraits.hab.de/werk/16200 ''Herzog August Bibliothek''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) MICHAEL HERR Pictor Clar[issi]m[us] | Nat[us] Metzingae in Duc[atu] Wirtenb[ergensi] d[ie] (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Metzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Michelfelda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/3.Maerz.html ''Acta Sanctorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Michelfelda, siue S. Michaëlis campus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Michelfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moitinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mietingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Molendinarius Ager]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;&gt;Buck, A. (1843). ''Die Ortsnamen im Königreich Württemberg''. Verlag von W. Kohlhammer.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlacker'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Molendinorum Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlhausen im Täle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Molendinum Meconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Möckmühl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Molfinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mulfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Monachopolis Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Untermünkheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Monachovilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mönchweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Monasteriolum ad Enzam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Enzklösterle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Monasterium ad Rhenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rheinmünster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Altus (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Mons Altus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Brisiacus]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Itinerarium Antonini]]''&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Breisach am Rhein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Cossinii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Küssaberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Ecclesiae ad Gaxatam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchberg an der Jagst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Ecclesiae ad Hilariam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchberg an der Iller'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Ecclesiae ad Murram]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchberg an der Murr'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Erhardi in Indagine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thesaurus Mundi 2026&quot;&gt;Thesaurus Mundi (2026). ''Bibliotheca scriptorum Latinorum mediae et recentioris aetatis''. K.G. Saur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Häg-Ehrsberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Nasturtii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kreßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Rudheri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rudersberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Scrotis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schrozberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Taxorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerbert 1774&quot;&gt;Gerbert, M. (1774). Historia Nigrae Silvae ordinis Sancti Benedicti coloniae. Typis Monasterii S. Blasii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dachsberg'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Mons Ulmi (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Mons Ulmi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Vermium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wurmberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mosbacum]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Henricus Andreae, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Mosbacum_in_silva_Ottonica_Palatinatus_i/mS9VAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Mosbacum&amp;printsec=frontcover ''Mosbacum in Silva Ottonica Palatinatus Inferioris illustratum''] (Heidelbergae 1771), [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Mosbacum_in_silva_Ottonica_Palatinatus_i/XhdNAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Mosbachium+palatinatus&amp;pg=PA7&amp;printsec=frontcover  7]: &quot;breviter considerabimus praefecturam Mosbacensem, speciatim autem eius primariam civitatem, quam etiamnum vocamus ''Mosbacum'' sive ''Mosbachium.''&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mosbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mosburgum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Mosburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Moosburg'' in Latinam &quot;Mosburgum&quot; verti solet. V.gr., vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/pareus1/Pareus_historia.html ''HISTORIA BAVARICO- PALATINA''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Traunsteinium, Burghusium, Brunouium, Oetinga, Trostberga, Rieda, Rosenhaimium, Mosburgum, Ardinga, Ottofelda, Pfarkirchium, Biburgum, Dorfena, Neoforum, Rotenburgum (...)&quot;; aut [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10315929?cq=Halae&amp;p=1&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Pars''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rieda Rosenbaimium Mosburgum Ardinga Ottofelda Pfarkirchium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Moosburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mossinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ludwig von Wüttemberg&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mössingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mozinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''De statu Germaniae saeculo XVIII'', ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Elector ''Mozingæ'' eos veneratus , atque ''Straubingam'' comitatus mensae hospites adhibuit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mötzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mudauvia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mudau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Muhlenbachium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Muhlenbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Muhlenbachium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Muhlenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Muhlenbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://eda.eme.ro ''Köleséri Sámuel tudományos levelezése (1709–1732)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Muhlenbachii in museo quodam pervetustissimo (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlenbach'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Muhlhemium ad Danubium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MUHLHEMIUM&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Mühlheim'' in Latinam &quot;Muhlhemium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/A080085/A080085_djvu.txt ''Generalis geographia cosmica, mathematica, naturalis, politica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) MUHLHEMIUM , urbs (...)&quot; aut vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlheim an der Donau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Muhlinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/Programma_De_Novo_Testamento.html?id=vonlzQEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y ''Programma, De Novo Testamento''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Natæ De Barby Et Muhlinga Comitis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mulbronna]]&lt;ref name=a&gt;[[google]]-books: [https://books.google.de/books?id=U0xOAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA45&amp;lpg=PA45&amp;dq=Mulbronnae&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=IUOVBGIvOc&amp;sig=ACfU3U18nDQCJD1wEq8HjKHWSyRDFmTOZA&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwin0_TH_J7lAhXPfFAKHVevCLgQ6AEwA3oECAEQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mulbronnae&amp;f=false Clarorum virorum Epistolae latinae, graecae et hebraicae variis temporibus...]&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Maulbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mulinheimum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/8698/M%C3%BCllheim+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 758 in villa Mulinheimo (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Müllheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mulinhusa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6416/M%C3%BChlhausen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Mulinhusa 0783 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mulinusa-Heginga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/14767/M%C3%BChlhausen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Mulinusa 0787 (...)&quot;; et denuo vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/14762/Ehingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Heginga 0787 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlhausen-Ehingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munderkinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Munderkingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munsinga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Munsinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Münsingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Murga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Murga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neugart Burgundiae Transiuranae 1791&quot;&gt;Neugart, T. (1791). ''Codex Diplomaticus Alemanniae et Burgundiae Transiuranae''. Typis Monasterii S. Blasii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Murg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Muri Lapidei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinmauern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Murra (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Murra]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/1069/Murr+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Murra 0972 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Murr'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Murrhartum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/historiaetcomme03theogoog/historiaetcomme03theogoog_djvu.txt ''Historia et commentationes Academiae electoralis scientiarvm et elegantiorvm litterarvm Theodoro-Palatinae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Suevorumque per sylvas Murrhartum &amp; Virgundam ita transibat (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Murrhardt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Murum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Murum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mauer'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== N ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Nagalda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nagold'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neidlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neidlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nellinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/amoenitateslite00schgoog/amoenitateslite00schgoog_djvu.txt ''Amoenitates literariae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nellinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nellingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neobulachum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sattler 1768&quot;&gt;Sattler, C. F. (1768). ''Historische Beschreibung des Herzogthums Würtemberg''. Bey Johann Georg Cotta.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neubulach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neoburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuenburg am Rhein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nerissania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neresheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nero (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Nero]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nehren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenstadium ad Fluvium Kocherum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://opendata.uni-halle.de ''Nothwendige Prüfung D. Johann Georg Estors Landgräfflich-...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Neuenstadium ad Fluvium Kocherum, Meckmühlum, Utzbergam, Umbstadium cum omnibus suis pertinentiis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuenstadt am Kocher'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuffa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/frisc1/Frischlin_elegiaca_2.html ''Nothwendige Prüfung D. Johann Georg Estors Landgräfflich-...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Neuffa tibi gentile solum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuffen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neunkircha (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Neunkircha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neunkirchen&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neunkirchen'' in Latinam &quot;Neunkircha&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [http://benediktinerakademie.org/wp-content/plugins/kloster-vz/func/get-kloster.php ''Benediktiner Akademie''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Neunkircha-Nassovius (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nicerocella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Camden 1607&quot;&gt;Camden, W. (1607). ''Britannia, sive florentissimorum regnorum, Angliae, Scotiae, Hiberniae, et insularum adiacentium chorographica descriptio''. Georgius Bishop &amp; Ioannes Norton.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neckarzimmern'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Norderaha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/11242/Nordrach+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Norderaha 1139 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nordrach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordhemium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Nordhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordhemium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Nordheim'' in Latinam &quot;Nordhemium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_IKs-AAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_IKs-AAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Dioecesis Moguntina''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) nolle se aream habitationis suae Nordhemii dilatare (...) prope Nordhemium (...) monasterium S. Blasii Nordhemii (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nordheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Civitas (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Nova Civitas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuenbürg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Ecclesia (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Nova Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neukirch&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neukirch'' in Latinam &quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neukirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova-Fraxini Fons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niefern-Öschelbronn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novae Domus supra Angulum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuhausen ob Eck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Novale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Desertum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wüstenrot'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Dominicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 1916&quot;&gt;Förstemann, E. (1916). Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fronreute'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Herici]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Herrischried'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Novum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Novale Novum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuried'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Superius (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Novale Superius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberried'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novilunium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Novilunium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neulingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novostadia (Iura et Danubius)|Novostadia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus Iurae et Danubii|Circulo Iurae et Danubii]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neenstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novostadia (Tubinga)|Novostadia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Tubingensis|Circulo terrae Tubingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neustetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neufra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novum Castrum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Novum Castrum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/14739/Hohenfels+-+Wohnplatz ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) novum Castrum 1292 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohenfels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novum Villare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nucleus ad Remsam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kernen im Remstal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nuhusa (Enze)|Nuhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neuhausen&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuhausen'' in Latinam &quot;N(e)uhusa&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (ad [[Enze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Enze&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia601601.us.archive.org/23/items/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ.pdf ''Beiträge zur gallo-keltisch... Namenkunde''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) die ''Enz'' (in den Neckar), c. 1150 Enze fluvius (d i. *Antia) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nuhusa Filderensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neuhausen&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Filderensis&quot;&gt;Confer [[binomen|epitheton]] &quot;filderensis&quot;, quod Theodiscum toponymum ''Fildern'' refertur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuhausen auf den Fildern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nurtinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/adam/adam4/books/adamvitae4_92.html ''THEODORICUS SNEPFIUS''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Tubingae Nurtinga venit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nürtingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nuspilingum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/16473/Nusplingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 842 Nuspilingum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nusplingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== O ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Oberndorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberndorf am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Obernhemium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Obernhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Obernhemium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Obernheim'' in Latinam &quot;Obernhemium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://ia804502.us.archive.org/9/items/compendiumgeogra00stad/compendiumgeogra00stad.pdf ''Dioecesis Moguntina'']{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Obernhemium, Argentina, Caesaris mons (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Obernheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Obrighemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_tuMAAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_tuMAAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Historia et commentationes Academiae electoralis scientiarvm et elegantiorvm litterarvm Theodoro-Palatinae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Paucis supra Obrighemium lapidibus ad alteram Neccari ripam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Obrigheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Occidentale Habitaculum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Westerheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Occidentales Casae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Westhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Occidentostadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Westerstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Occidentovilla ad Nicrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neckarwestheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochsenhusa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/detail/-/Detail/details/DOKUMENT/ubf_digitalisate/gerbert1773/Martini%20Gerberti%20%20Iter%20Alemannicvm%20Accedit%20Italicvm%20et%20Gallicvm ''Iter Alemannicvm''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ochsenhusa (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ochsenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oenopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://forum.ahnenforschung.net/forum/allgemeine-diskussionsforen/begriffserkl-rung-wortbedeutung-und-abk-rzungen/2932224-begriff-oenopoli-scabini ''forum.ahnenforschung.net''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ein scabinus war in etwa ein Ratsherr, und Oenopolis ist &quot;Weinstadt&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weinstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oeringa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Öhringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oeschinga ad Vutacham]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wutöschingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Offenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Offenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ofterdinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ludwig von Wüttemberg&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ofterdingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Olepronna-Durnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1712&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ölbronn-Dürrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ollinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/monumentaboicae15landgoog/monumentaboicae15landgoog_djvu.txt ''Monumenta Boica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ollinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Öllingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/14523/%C3%96hningen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Oninga 0788 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Öhningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Opfinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Öpfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Opiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bopfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oppenavia]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/A080085/A080085_djvu.txt ''Generalis geographia cosmica, mathematica, naturalis, politica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) OPPENAVIA »urbs Herciniae ad Grisbach fl. ubi Thermae &amp; Acidulae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oppenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oppidum Scuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schiltach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Orsinga-Nancingae]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/14797/Orsingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Orsinga 1094 (...)&quot;; et denuo vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/14796/Nenzingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilortt ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nancingas 0839 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Orsingen-Nenzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ortenberga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Ortenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ortenberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ortenberg'' in Latinam &quot;Ortenberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.e-rara.ch ''Dioecesis Moguntina''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domicilium Ortenberga fixit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ortenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oschilchi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hoßkirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ostfilderia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ostfildern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ostringa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/02m/0865-0865,_Anscharius_Hamburgensis_Episcopus,_Vita_Sancti_Willehadi_Episcopi_Bremensis_Primi,_MLT.pdf ''Anscharius Hamburgensis Episcopus, Vita Sancti Willehadi Episcopi Bremensis Primi''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ostringa vulgo dicitur (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Östringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otilinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce 'Aidlingen''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottonis Curiae in Nigra Silva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ottenhöfen im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oweltinga-Molendinorum Curiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Uhldingen-Mühlhofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== P ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Palus (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Moos'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Alnorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Erlenmoos'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Mortua]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Todtmoos'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Nicri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Horb am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Sonorus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schlat'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Petra Stellarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sternenfels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pezzinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Die_Kunstdenkm%C3%A4ler_der_Amtsbezirke_Breisach%2C_Emmendingen%2C_Ettenheim%2C_Freiburg_%28Land%29%2C_Neustadt%2C_Staufen_und_Waldkirch_%28Kreis_Freiburg_Land%29_%28IA_gri_33125016431146%29.pdf ''kunstdenkmäler''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) BÖTZINGEN Oberschaffhausen. Schreibweisen: in Betzinger marca ad a. 769 Cod. Lauresh. II 550; in pago Brisowe in villa Pezzinga ad a. 832 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bötzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_Q7osAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_Q7osAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Momumenta Boica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) non procul a Pfaffenhofa ad fluuium Glon (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pfaffenhofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Phedelbachium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://web.bc.edu/jsdc/jsl/wlet_19011201.pdf ''The Woodstock Letters''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) cum patre laico Phedelbachium (7) mittas (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pfedelbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Philippi Burgum]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010446265 Numisma 'Philippi Burgum expugnatum'] (1734) in [[Museum Luparense|Museo Luparensi]].&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Philippsburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Phorca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pforzheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Phulendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pfullendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Piceavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fichtenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pincerne Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schenkenzell'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Piscatoris Rivus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fischerbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pissinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bissingen an der Teck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pliezhusa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/498871261/tbingeni-matrikula-msolata ''Tbingeni Matrikula Msolata''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pliezhusa.nus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pliezhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pluderhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1677&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Plüderhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pons Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Albbruck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pons Parvus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stegen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Populeus Rivus (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Populeus Rivus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sartorius 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aspach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Potinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_6ZY4AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_6ZY4AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Geschichte der Grafen von Zollern-Hohenberg und ihrer Grafschaft''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Darauf (833) erjcheint abermals ein Adalbert, in defjen Grafihaft der Ort »Potinga« (Böttingen, DA. Spaichingen) lag (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Böttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pountum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Baindt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praedium Dominicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fröhnd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prata (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Prata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Owen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Cruchinis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1750&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1750). Staatsrecht derer Reichs-Städte. Mezler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Krauchenwies'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Pratum Cycni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwanau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Delectabile]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wain'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Formosum (Nigra Silva)|Patrum Formosum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönau im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Offonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Offenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Viride Superius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Obergroninga'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Puabilinisvilare]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.bollschweil.de/de/Leben/Unser-Bollschweil/Zahlen-Fakten ''www.bollschweil.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ortsteil Bollschweil &quot;Puabilinisvilare&quot; | 838 (Urkunde Kloster St. Gallen) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bollschweil'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pulinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pfullingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== R ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Radolphi Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Radolfzell am Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rainavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neumüllers 1967&quot;&gt;Neumüllers-Klauser, R. (1967). ''Die Inschriften der Stadt und des Landkreises Heidelberg''. Druckenmüller Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rainau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rangodinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/16482/Rangendingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 795 Rangodinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rangendingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Raodhaha (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Raodhaha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/3155/Oberrot+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Raodhaha 0788 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberrot'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rastadium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_LvwHAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_LvwHAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Diccionario geografico universal''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rastadt, Rastadium , pequeña Ciudad de Alemania en la Suábia (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rastatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ratboticella]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/19668/Ki%C3%9Flegg+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ratboticella (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kißlegg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ravenberga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/29372/1/Mo41_MonumentaIllustrata_usb.pdf ''Monumenta Illustrata''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Annales Cliviae, Iuliae, Montium Merseae Westphalicae, Ravenbergae antiquae et modernae'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rauenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ravenspurgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ravensburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ravestenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ravenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Redlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Riedlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Regis Domus (Moenus et Tuberus)|Regis Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus Moenensis et Tuberensis|Circulo Moenensi et Tuberensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Königheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Regis Domus (Tulingum)|Regis Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Tulingensis|Circulo terrae Tulingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Königsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Regolosinga-Worblinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baur 1863&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Worblinga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Rickenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Rickenbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_5X_6c55nN2QC/bub_gb_5X_6c55nN2QC_djvu.txt ''Alamannicarum rerum scriptores''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Worblinga vicus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rielasingen-Worblingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenbachium ad Vilisam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Reichenbach&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Reichenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Reichenbachium&quot; verti solet; v.gr., vide [https://libsysdigi.library.uiuc.edu/OCA/Books2010-12/promtuariumrerum01kund/promtuariumrerum01kund.pdf ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Minera asris Auerbachensis prope Reichenbachium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vilisa (Nicer)&quot;&gt;De hydronymo, &quot;[[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reichenbach an der Fils'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenbachium Heubergense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Reichenbach&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heubergensis&quot; ad Heuberg refertur. Quo de toponymo, [[binomen|epitheton]] &quot;heubergensis&quot;; v.gr. &quot;Equus tinkeri heubergensis&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reichenbach am Heuberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenbachium Inferius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Unterreichenbach&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Reichenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Reichenbachium&quot; verti solet; v.gr., vide [https://libsysdigi.library.uiuc.edu/OCA/Books2010-12/promtuariumrerum01kund/promtuariumrerum01kund.pdf ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Minera asris Auerbachensis prope Reichenbachium (...)&quot;; et Latinum adiectivum &quot;inferius&quot; Theodiscum praefixum ''Unter-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unterreichenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenbachium Superius (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Reichenbachium Superius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oberreichenbach&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Reichenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Reichenbachium&quot; verti solet; v.gr., vide [https://libsysdigi.library.uiuc.edu/OCA/Books2010-12/promtuariumrerum01kund/promtuariumrerum01kund.pdf ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Minera asris Auerbachensis prope Reichenbachium (...)&quot;; et Latinum adiectivum &quot;superius&quot; Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberreichenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reilinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1706&quot;&gt;Ferrari, F. (1706). ''Novum lexicon geographicum: in quo universi orbis urbes, oppida, regna, provinciae, maria, flumina...'' (M. A. Baudrand, Ed.). Venetiis: Apud Homannum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reilingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Remchinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Remchingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Remseckium]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Google Books]]: [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&amp;pg=RA2-PT353&amp;lpg=RA2-PT353&amp;dq=Rems+fluvius&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&amp;sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Rems%20fluvius&amp;f=false FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS, auctor. Christophorus Giglingius]&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Remseck am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rencha (urbs)|Rencha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Rencha Bad. pharm''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Renchen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Renninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_6yJJAAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_6yJJAAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis Ab a.Ch. MDII usque ad a. MDLX''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Renninga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Renningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reutlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reutlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhenaugia (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Rhenaugia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rheinau&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Rheinau'' in Latinam &quot;Rhenaugia&quot; verti solet; v.gr., vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rheinau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhenofelda (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Rhenofelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce '' Rheinfelden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhiusiava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rosenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rickenbachium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Rickenbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rickenbachium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Rickenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Rickenbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [http://www.e-rara.ch ''Historische und critische Beyträge zu der ...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) plebejanum Rickenbachium , qui Lutheranae factionis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rickenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Riedericha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baur 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Riedericha'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rigola]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/14223/Weilheim+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rigola 0762 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Riegel am Kaiserstuhl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rigopaladi Pratum-Scapbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Binterim 1824&quot;&gt;Binterim, A. J. (1824). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen National- und Provinzial-Concilien''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Baur 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Riuti (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Riuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reute'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Caesaris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kaisersbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Fruticeti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Spraitbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Haddonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heddesbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Pici]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Spechbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Sigilli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egler 1862&quot;&gt;Egler, L. (1862). ''Aus der Vorzeit der Stadt und ehemaligen Festung Sigmaringen''. Liehner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Siegelsbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Truncorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stimpfach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Formosus (Nigra Silva)|Rivus Formosus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; in [[Nigra silva|Nigra Silva]] &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schonach im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Hadumari Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberharmersbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Limpidus (Silva Nigra)|Rivus Limpidus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (in [[Nigra silva|Nigra Silva]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauterbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Limpidus (Virtembergia)|Rivus Limpidus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (in [[Virtembergia]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauterach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Magnus ad Bilsiam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Michelbach an der Bilz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Olonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ohlsbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Ottonis (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Rivus Ottonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ottenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Pistrinarius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kürnbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Regis et Lapis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Königsbach-Stein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Seccae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seckach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Serenus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bumiller 1997&quot;&gt;Bumiller, C. (1997). ''Geschichte der Stadt Haiterbach: Band II (1525–1997)'' Rivi Sereni: Stadtverwaltung.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Haiterbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivus Silvestris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lobbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Roda (Halla Suevica)|Roda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/3220/Rot+am+See+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Roda 1139 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Hallae Suevicae|Circulo Hallae Suevicae]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rot am See'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rohrdorfium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Rohrdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rohrdorf&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Rohrdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Rohrdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=1&amp;cq=Andreas%20a%20Sancta%20Theresia&amp;lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 2. Rohrdorfii (Archidioec. Monac.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rohrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosarum Hortus (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Rosarum Hortus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rosengarten&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Rosergarten'' in Latinam &quot;Rosarum Hortus&quot; verti solet. V.gr., vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rosengarten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosarum Mons (Iura Orientalis)|Rosarum Mons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rosarum Mons&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus Iurae Orientalis|Circulo Iurae Orientalis]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rosenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosarum Mons (Nicer et Ottenica Silva)|Rosarum Mons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rosarum Mons&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Rosenberg'' in Latinam &quot;Rosarum Mons&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_9j0OAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_9j0OAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  in  villam,  que  dicitur  Rosarum  mons (...)&quot; aut vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus Nicrensis et Ottenicus|Circulo Nicrensi et Ottenico]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rosenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rotgisinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/1072/Oberriexingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Rotgisinga in pago Enzingowe 0795 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberriexingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rostrum Nemaviae (Iura et Danubius)|Rostrum Nemaviae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus Iurae et Danubii|Circulo Iurae et Danubii]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rammingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rostrum Nemaviae (Ludoviciburgum)|Rostrum Nemaviae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Ludoviciburgum (Badenia et Virtembergia)|Circulo Ludoviciburgo]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mundelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Romaninchova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3.  N - Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rümmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rota (ad Rotam)|Rota]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1706&quot;/&gt; (ad [[Rota (Danubius)|Rotam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rot an der Rot'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rotta Afrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steichele II 1862&quot;&gt;Steichele, A. (1862). ''Das Bisthum Augsburg, historisch und statistisch beschrieben'' (Vol. 2). B. Schmid’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Täferrot'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rottovilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rottweil'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ruodberti Curia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Binterim 1824&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ruppertshofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== S ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Sacer Mons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heiligenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sacerdotum Villare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pfaffenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Saconium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Säckingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salemitanum Monasterium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Salem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salicetum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Salicetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wieden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salictum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Salictum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Salach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salinae Fridericianae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alberti 1834&quot;&gt;Alberti, F. von. (1834). Beitrag zu einer Monographie des bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keupers. Cotta’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Friedrichshall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sanctae Mariae Cella (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Sanctae Mariae Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sankt Märgen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sancti Blaesi Monasterium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sankt Blasien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sancti Petri Cella (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Sancti Petri Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sankt Peter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sanctus Leo-Rota]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6659/St+Leon+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) sanctum Leonem 0853  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrari 1706&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sankt Leon-Rot'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sasbacum (Mordenaugia)|Sasbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sasbach&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Sasbach'' in Latinam &quot;Sabascum&quot; verti solet; v.gr., vide [https://pau.krakow.pl/ANP/ANP_XXXIV_6_2008.pdf ''ACTA NUNTIATURAE POLONAE''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in pugna prope oppidum Sasbacum (Sasbach) (...) Sabascum (Sasbach), oppidum (...)&quot;; et [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/cera/schurzfleisch2/Schurzfleisch_epistolae_selectiores.html ''CCLXIIII. HENRICO, L. B. A FRISEN.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) prope Sasbacum, qui est vicus infra Argentoratum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus Mordenaugia|Circulo Mordenaugiā]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sasbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sasbacum ad Caesaris Praetorium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sasbach&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Caesaris Praetorium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/details/egger-carolus-lexicon-nominum-locorum/page/155/mode/2up?q=Caesaris ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Kaiserstuhl'''  Caesaris Praetorium* n. (cfr. OL). Est oppidum in Helvetia situm, Eodem autem nomine montes in Badenia siti nuncupantur (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Saxum Nidonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neidenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Saxum Novum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Saxum Novum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scalestatia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baur 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schallstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scaplanza]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6223/Mittelschefflenz+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Scaplanza 0797 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schefflenz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scelclinia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baur 1863&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schelklingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schera]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/21338/Scheer+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) de Schera (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Scheer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schomberga (Calewa)|Schomberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schomberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Schömberg'' in Latinam &quot;Schomberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://medit.lutheran.hu/files/buchwald_georg_wittenberger_ordiniertenbuch_1560_1572_1895.pdf ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A - D''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Johannis de Schomberga Freibergam missus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) (in [[Circulus terrae Calewensis|Circulo Calewensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schömberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schomberga (Montes Zolnerenses)|Schomberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schomberga&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus Montium Zolnerensium|Circulo Montium Zolnerensium]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schömberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schonaichium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''Casparis Dornavii Charidemus, hoc est, De Morum Pulchritudine, Necessitate, Utilitate,'' ubi dicitur &quot;(...) [Habita in Illustri Panegyre gymnasi[i] Schönaichi[i] ad Oderam] (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönaich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schonauvia (Rhenus et Nicer)|Schonauvia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) (in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Nicrensis|Circulo Rhenano et Nicrensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schonenberga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Schonenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schonenberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Schönenberg'' in Latinam &quot;Schonenberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/adam/adam1/Adam_vitae_1.html ''HIERONYMUS WOLFIUS''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Baro a Schonenberga, muneratus est (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schopflochium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Schopflochium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schopfloch&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Schopfloch'' in Latinam &quot;Schopflochium&quot; verti solet; v.gr., vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10622732?p=197&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Joannis Adlzreitter a Tetenweis, Arcani Consilii Cancellarii, Annalium Boicae Gentis Partes III''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cellae ad pedem Schopflochii montis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schopfloch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schorndorfium]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Google Books]]: [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&amp;pg=RA2-PT353&amp;lpg=RA2-PT353&amp;dq=Rems+fluvius&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&amp;sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Rems%20fluvius&amp;f=false FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS, auctor. Christophorus Giglingius]&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schorndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schramberga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de/unigeschichte/matrikelordner/Matrikel_1806_1870.pdf ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schramberga regni Wurtembergici (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schramberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schrieshemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.marchivum.de/bibliostar/digitalisate/pdf/22384.pdf ''Marchivum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) &amp; aliis arboretis tecto: Lobodunum, Schrieshemium,. Weinhemium, Starckenburgium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schriesheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scitinga et Phulacha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mayer 1907&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seitingen-Oberflacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scrozzinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://francia.ahlfeldt.se/page/documents/9723 ''Data Space of Regnum Francorum Online''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bad Krozingen , as place of event/issue ''Actum puplice in villa, qui vocatur Scrozzinga'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Krozingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scutera Silva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schutterwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sebacum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Sebacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sebacum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Seebach'' in Latinam &quot;Sebacum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. N - Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seebach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Secchosowa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/9955/Sexau+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Secchosowa 0862 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sexau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seelbachium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Seelbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Seelbachium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Seelbach'' in Latinam &quot;Seelbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19146/file/blb_Nothegger_Reisewege_Franziskaner.pdf ''Reisewege der Franziskaner nach und in Vorderösterreich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Seelbachium per Friburgum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seelbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sigemundi Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Simmozheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sigimari Campus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch IV 1858&quot;&gt;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch (Ed.) (1858). ''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. 4). F.H. Köhler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Simmersfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sigimaringia Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Städtebuch II 1849&quot;&gt;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch (Ed.). (1849). Wirtembergisches Städtebuch (Vol. 2). Kohlhammer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sigmaringendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sigmaringa]]&lt;ref&gt;De nomine Latino vide [[Fidelis de Sigmaringa|Fidelem de Sigmaringa]].&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sigmaringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Benedicta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Silva Benedicta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/21404/Wald+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1212 Walde, um 1220, aber auf die Zeit vor 1208 bezogen, advocatia Walde, 17. Jahrhundert silva benedicta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Ecclesiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchardt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Formosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönwald im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Hufelonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hüffenhardt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Lacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Silva Lacus&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Seewald'' in Latinam &quot;Silva Lacus&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.kennelvonsilvalacus.de/ ''Kennel von Silvalacus''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lisa von Silvalacus (...) Wir sind Claudia und Peter Seewald (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seewald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Pratensis (Baden Virtembergia)|Silva Pratensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Auenwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Scabra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Straubenhardt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Simonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Simonswald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silvaestadium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Silvaestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silvaevilla-Haselachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Walddorfhäslach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sindelfinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Pedius Tethingerus]]: ''Quatuor bella Wirtempergensia'', [s. l.] 1534, [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Quatuor_Bella_Wirtempergensia_quae_in_ea/xUBhAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Sindelfinga+illic&amp;pg=PA8-IA4&amp;printsec=frontcover p. B 2]: ''Sindelfinga, illic modio par braßica turget.'' Vide insuper [https://www.google.com/search?q=sindelfinga&amp;tbm=bks&amp;sxsrf=ALiCzsbQu6-wiU4Z1zxwW5k6U52aYP3z1g%3A1659635429259&amp;ei=5QbsYs-1D8H4kwWHtJeQAw&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiPvN7h3635AhVB_KQKHQfaBTIQ4dUDCAk&amp;uact=5&amp;oq=sindelfinga&amp;gs_lcp=Cg1nd3Mtd2l6LWJvb2tzEAM6BQgAEIAEOgQIABATULMDWJMTYM4UaABwAHgAgAHWAYgBvwqSAQU1LjYuMZgBAKABAcABAQ&amp;sclient=gws-wiz-books hic] apud Google Books. Cf. etiam nomen pseudo-graecizans '''Synadelphinga''' (fere &quot;fraternitatis oppidum&quot; significans) [https://www.google.com/search?q=synadelphinga&amp;tbm=bks&amp;sxsrf=ALiCzsZMBceP5EtxSGRPC4jWAu3gkAd4bA%3A1659636852465&amp;ei=dAzsYsKpG_2D9u8PyZOu6Ag&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjCs6-I5a35AhX9gf0HHcmJC40Q4dUDCAk&amp;uact=5&amp;oq=synadelphinga&amp;gs_lcp=Cg1nd3Mtd2l6LWJvb2tzEANQuAFYngVg7gZoAHAAeACAAXmIAawDkgEDMS4zmAEAoAEBwAEB&amp;sclient=gws-wiz-books ibidem].&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sindelfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Singa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Singen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sinshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinshemium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Sinsheim'' in Latinam &quot;Sinshemium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/cellarius1/cellariushistoria.html ''Gallorum bella cum Hollandis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Alsatia, ad Sinshemium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sinsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sinzheimium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinzheimium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Sinzheim'' in Latinam &quot;Sinzheimium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_d5Q5s3XFqBMC/bub_gb_d5Q5s3XFqBMC_djvu.txt ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sintzhaim,,  Città,  Sinzheimium  (...) Sinzheimium  ^ Sintzhalm,  Città (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sinzheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sipplinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Städtebuch II 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sipplingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Slienga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de ''Historia Zaringo Badensis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) a Slienga vicina dicitur (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schliengen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Slierbachum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Slierbachum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Slierbachum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Schlierbach'' in Latinam &quot;Slierbachum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=149&amp;cq=Hof%20u.%20Wunsiedel&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A - D''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Slierbachum:''' Schlierbach (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schlierbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soagra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwaigern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Solbacum ad Murram]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermelink 1906&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sulzbach an der Murr'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Solbacum et Lauffa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mayer 1907&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sulzbach-Laufen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Solicinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;scribblemaps&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwetzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sonthemium ad Branciam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sonthemium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Sontheim'' in Latinam &quot;Sonthemium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brancia&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sontheim an der Brenz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sorethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Schussenried'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spaichinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wartmann 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Spaichingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Speciosa Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schöntal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiegelberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spiegelberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Spiegelberg'' in Latinam &quot;Spiegelberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/P._Bertii_Commentariorum_rerum_Germanicarum_libri_tres_-_primus_est_Germanie_veteris%2C_Secundus%2C_Germani%C3%A6_posterioris%2C_a_Karolo_Magno_ad_nostra_vsq%28ue%29_tempora%2C_cum_principum_genealogiis_%28IA_A026012%29.pdf ''P. Bertii Commentariorum rerum Germanicarum libri tres''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Spiegelbergæ; Baro in Heluetia (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Spiegelberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stabula ad Lacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mehrstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stabula ad Metam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Meßstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stabula Domini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pfronstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stabula Neranis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nerenstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadion Inferius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumenta Boica XXII 1815&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unterstadion'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadion Superius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumenta Boica XXII 1815&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberstadion'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Starzacha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egler 1862&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Starzach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Statio ad Rhenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rheinstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Statio Longinqua]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vörstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stedilinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stödtlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Steinaha (Mordenaugia)|Steinaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steinaha&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Steinach'' in Latinam &quot;Steinaha&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Steinsfeldia ad Liram]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lehrensteinsfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Steinheimium ad Albuchium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mayer 1907&quot;&gt;Mayer, H. (1907). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau von 1460-1656''. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae|Friburgi Brisgoviae]]: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinheim am Albuch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Steinheimium ad Murram]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermelink 1906&quot;&gt;Hermelink, H. (1906). ''Die Matrikeln der Universität Tübingen: 1477-1600''. [[Stutgardia]]e: Kohlhammer.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinheim an der Murr'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stettia ad Mercatum Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumenta Boica XXII 1815&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stetten am kalten Markt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stettia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mayer 1907&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niederstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stiga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Staig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stizilinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch IV 1858&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steißlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stocka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stockach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stotzinga Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Städtebuch II 1849&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niederstotzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stoupha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Staufen im Breisgau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Strasberga]]&lt;ref&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Straßberg'' in Latinam &quot;Strasberga&quot; verti solet; v.gr., vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/barza1/books/barzaeusheroes_2.html ''HEROUM HELVETIORUM EPISTOLAE''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Strasbergae Dominus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Straßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stulinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Philippus Iacobus Spenerus, Historia insignium illustrium, Francofurti ad Moenum, anno 1680 {{Google Books|qwUVIuMc6y8C|pag. 628}}; Christophorus Hartmannus, Annales Heremi Dei, Friburgi Brisgoviae, anno 1612 {{Google Books|wwJeqAaDiKQC|pag. 150}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stühlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stutgardia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs)  &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stuttgart'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Suanninga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/13970/Schwenningen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 895 Suanninga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwenningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Suarza (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Suarza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwarzach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sulaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wartmann 1863&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Saulgau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sulmana]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/2106/Neckarsulm+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sulmana 0770 [770/90] (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neckarsulm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sulmana Superior]]&lt;ref&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''-sulm'' in Latinam &quot;Sulmana&quot; verti solet; v.gr., vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/2106/Neckarsulm+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sulmana 0770 [770/90] (...)&quot;; et Latinum adiectivum &quot;superior&quot; Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Obersulm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sulza (ad Neccarum)|Sulza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sulz am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sulzburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://ia800509.us.archive.org/35/items/operaoratoriapa1v2scho/operaoratoriapa1v2scho.pdf ''Opera Oratoria''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sulzburgum, quod oppidum est (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sulzburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sulzfelda (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Sulzfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sulzfelda&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Sulzfeld'' in Latinam &quot;Sulzfelda&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://opendigi.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/opendigi/LXV223-3 ''1710 - 1817 - OpenDigi - Universität Tübingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sulzfeldae praestandas (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sulzfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sumelocenna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rottenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Superior Domus Rhenana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberhausen-Rheinhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sussium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumenta Boica III 1864&quot;&gt;Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. (1864). ''Monumenta Boica'' (Vol. 3). Typis Academicis.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Süßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Swendi (Vitembergia)|Swendi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwendi'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== T ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Tagelfinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch IV 1877&quot;&gt;Königliches Staatsarchiv. (1877). ''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. 4). Karl Aue.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neckartailfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tainacum et Zavelstenium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://iiif.biblissima.fr/collections/manifest/e3a0078eb71aa9db77a15c7a5d6019a43b4bc8dd ''Carmina, II. Teil - Karlsruhe 1610 Neun lateinische Gedichte auf die Pforzheimer bei Wimpfen, auf Langenbrand, Zavelstein, Teinach, an Freunde''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Zavelstenium et Tainacum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Teinach-Zavelstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Talheimium (Hailprunna)|Talheimium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Talheimium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Talheim'' in Latinam &quot;Talheimium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://is.muni.cz/th/6665/ff_d/MIHOLA_-DIZERTACE.pdf ''MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Benno Leis Bavarus Talheimii (...) Ferdinandus Kislich Austri/acus/ Talheimii (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Hailprunna (Badenia et Virtembergia)|Circulo Hailprunnā]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Talheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Talheimium (Tulingum)|Talheimium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Talheimium&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Tulingensis|Circulo Tulingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Talheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tamm'')&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tamm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tannhemium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Tannhemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/details/compendiumtotius00kolb/page/238/mode/2up?q=Tannhemium ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  Neflelvvanga. Flakenfteinium, Tannhemium. Fuefla. Indernavia (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tannheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tenga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;/&gt; (urbs) (in [[Circulus terrae Constantiae|Circulo Constantiā]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tengen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tenga Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica 1667&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Waldshutensis|Circulo Waldshutensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohentengen am Hochrhein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tenzlinga ad Nicrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Crusius 1595&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neckartenzlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tetinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/17158/Unterdettingen+-+Altgemeinde~Teilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Historische Namensformen''': · Tetinga 0876 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dettingen an der Iller'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tetinga sub Tecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch IV 1877&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crusius 1595&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dettingen unter Teck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tettnangum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tettnangum&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Tettnang'' in Latinam &quot;Tettnangum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/inscriptionesco00mommgoog/inscriptionesco00mommgoog_djvu.txt ''Inscriptiones Confoederationis helveticae latinae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Tettnangum eum abstulisse comitem Ulricum Montfort (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tettnang'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Teuringia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberteuringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thanchinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/wirtembergische00staagoog/wirtembergische00staagoog_djvu.txt ], ubi dicitur (...) possidere in villa, quae 
dicitur Thanchinga (...).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Denkingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thermae Caroli (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Thermae Caroli]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23470456 ''De laudibus Thermarum Caroli a Francisco Modio celebratis''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Karlsbad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thermae Ferinae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Wildbad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tiefenbachium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Tiefenbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tiefenbachium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Tiefenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Tiefenbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/417518508/Nicolaus-Reusner-Rervm-Memorabilivm-in-Pannonia-Svb-Tvrca-1453-1600-1770 ''Nicolaus Reusner - Rervm Memorabilivm in Pannonia SVB Tvrca 1453-1600''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ceterum Tiefenbachium aduentus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tiefenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Titunse-Nova Civitas]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/9300/Titisee+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) lacus Titunse 1111 (...)&quot;; et denuo vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/9266/Neustadt+im+Schwarzwald+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nova Civitas 1275 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Titisee-Neustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tormuotinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.dormettingen.de/gemeinde/historie/ ''Gemeinde Dormettingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) er Ort trat damals auf als „Toromoatingen“, Jahr 793 als Tormuotinga“ und 1056 als „Dormutingan“' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dormettingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Torrens Sonorus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schallbach'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Torrentis Saxonum Silva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sasbachwalden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Totenova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Todtnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Triberga in Nigra Silva|Triberga]] [[Nigra Silva|in Nigra Silva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Triberg&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Triberg'' in Latinam &quot;Triberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_Rz4_AAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_Rz4_AAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Historia Nigrae Silvae Ordinis Sancti Benedicti Coloniae / 2''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Advenerunt etiam  milites Friburgo, Waldkyrcha, Triberga missi a regimine Austriaco (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Triberg im Schwarzwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trochtelfinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Trochtelfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trossinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/egger-carolus-lexicon-nominum-locorum/EGGER%2C%20Carolus%20-%20Lexicon%20Nominum%20Locorum_djvu.txt ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Trossinga — Trossingen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Trossingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tubinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tübingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tulingum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tuttlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tunavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tunau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tuninga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wartmann 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tuningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Turnia ad Limitem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conrady 1896&quot;&gt;Conrady, L. (1896). ''Das Kastell Walldürn''. Limes-Commission.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Walldürn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Turris Culicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Muggensturm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tussenlinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [http://www.wir-wandern-gerne.de/tag/buehlingen/ ''Wandern in Baden-Württemberg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Pfarrdorf Deißlingen wurde erstmals im Jahr 802 unter dem Namen Vila Tussenlinga genannt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Deißlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== U ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Uberchinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pauli IV 1877&quot;&gt;Pauli, K. S. (1877). ''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. 4). [[Stutgardia]]e: Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Überkingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ubstadium-Vivarium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pauli IV 1877&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ubstadt-Weiher'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ucchinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/4581/Iggingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) uilla Vcchinga in pago Trachgouue 0855 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Iggingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uhinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Uhingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulinga-Birchella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büsching 1768&quot;&gt;Büsching, A. F. (1768). ''Neue Erdbeschreibung: Dritter Th., welcher d. deutsche Reich nach seiner gegenwärtigen Staatsverfassung enthält''. [[Hamburgum|Hamburgi]]: Bohn.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ühlingen-Birkendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ulm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulmetum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Ulmetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rust'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummendorfium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Ummendorfium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_H58mVvLVgboC/bub_gb_H58mVvLVgboC_djvu.txt ''Rerum Germanicarum tomi 3''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) pago prope Ummendorfium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ummendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Unlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Untkilcha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/9416/Umkirch+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Untkilcha 1084 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Umkirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Urach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Urbacum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Urbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Urbacum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Urbach'' in Latinam &quot;Urbacum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_OQNDAAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_OQNDAAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Neue historische Abhandlungen der Baierischen Akademie der Wissenschaften''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urbacum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Urbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Urbs Sylvatica-Tuginga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3.  N - Z''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Urbs sylvatica, Waldstadium:''' Waldshut, (...)&quot;; et denuo vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3.  N - Z''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Tuginga:''' Tiengen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldshut-Tiengen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uringa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/8538/Ihringen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Uringa 0962 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ihringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uttenweilara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homann 1720&quot;&gt;Homann, J. B. (1720). Atlas Germaniae Specialis. Nuremberg: Homannianis Heredibus.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Uttenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== V ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Valdorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Walldorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Aichae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (2025)&quot;&gt;Civitas Vaticana (2025). ''Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae: Geographic Index of Localities''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Aichtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Angelbachi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Index Sedium Titularium et Dioecesium: Supplementum Geographicum 2026&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Angelbachtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Bammaniana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Freher 1613&quot;&gt;Freher, M. (1613). ''Originum Palatinarum Commentarius''. Typis Gotthardi Voegelini.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bammental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Brigachae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gmelin 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Brigachtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Buhlensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fritz 1991&quot;&gt;Fritz, G. (1991). Heimatbuch Bühlertal. Gemeinde Bühlertal.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bühlertal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Creichiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kraichtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Deggenhausana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Deggenhausertal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Elzae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerbert 1774&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Elztal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Frumenti-Monachopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1706&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Korntal-Münchingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Glotyri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glotyr&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in valle Glotern, 1297 vallem Glotyri, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Glottertal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Lacus (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Vallis Lacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büsching 1768&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Waldsee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Monasterii (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Vallis Monasterii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Münstertal&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Münstertal'' in Latinam &quot;Vallis Monasterii&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [http://cont.ubibanca.it/cont/3/downloads/atti_privati_1.pdf ''ubibanca.it''] aut vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Münstertal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Pincus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pfinztal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Sancti Petri-Griesbachium]]&lt;ref&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Peterstal'' in Latinam &quot;Vallis Sancti Petri&quot; verti solet. V.gr., vide [https://epubs.bibliotk.mx/epubReader/reader/files/2502/OEBPS/Text/8.xhtml ''Cäsarius von Heisterbach 1180-1245 - BiblioTK''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Peterstal (Vallis Sancti Petri) (...)&quot;; et Theodisca vox ''Griesbach'' in Latinam &quot;Griesbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr., vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/Novum_Testamentum_graece.html?id=dejWyAEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y ''Novum Testamentum graece''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Textui ante Griesbachium vulgo recepto, additur lectionum variantium earum praecipue quae a Griesbachio potiores censentur delectus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Peterstal-Griesbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Schutterae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schuttertal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Ursina (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Vallis Ursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;&gt;Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Quellensammlung der badischen Landesgeschichte''. C. Macklot.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bärenthal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Visurae Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büsching 1768&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kleines Wiesental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Waltahae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldachtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Walzacensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Walzbachtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Velberga]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://repozytorium.biblos.pk.edu.pl/redo/resources/40134/file/scans/DEFAULT/OCR_rezultaty/100000298878_A_v1_200dpi_q60.pdf ''P. Bertii commentariorum rerum germanicarum libri tres''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Velbergæ &amp; Chlanineæ Comes (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vellberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Veldperga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Veldperga]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/ned-kbn-all-00001637-001/ned-kbn-all-00001637-001_djvu.txt ''DIE KUNSTDENKMÄLER DES GROSSHERZOGTHUMS BADEN''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FELDBERG Schreibweisen: in pago Prisahgouve in loco Veldperga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Feldberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Velebacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch Online I&quot;&gt;Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg. (s. f.). ''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch Online: Band I.''. WUB Online.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fellbach'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Vemania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (in [[Circulus terrae Goppingensis|Circulo Goppingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Veringa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;&gt;Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vöhringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Veringopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büsching 1768&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Veringenstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Veteres Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vetus Casa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Biedermann 1752&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Althütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vichberga]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://opendigi.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/opendigi/LXV223-2-3_REG#tab=ocr&amp;p=119 ''Register zu den Matrikeln der Universität Tübingen 1600 - 1817''], ubi dicitur &quot;Vichberga u. ä. s. Fichtenberg Fichtenberg.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fichtenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus ad Alisos]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Epfendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus ad Rivum Durum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Durbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus ad Rivum Malinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bacci 1571&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Epfenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus ad Torrentem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoettgen 1717&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dörzbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Blidolfi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pleidelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Erkenbrechti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Erkenbrechtsweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Erolti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Erolzheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Hereditarius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Erbach)'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Irini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Irndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Lupifontis Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Quellensammlung 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberwolfach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Planus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schlaitdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Sauli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sauldorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Scachonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schechingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Sellae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Satteldorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Sezzonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Setzingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Snirpferi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schnürpflingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Spinosus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bucelinus 1655&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dürnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Suidberti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schannat 1723&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwieberdingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Wicardi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weikersheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Wirminis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wiernsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Argillosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Ecclesiastica ad Hilariam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchdorf an der Iller'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Ecclesiastica ad Nicerum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchheim am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Ecclesiastica ad Vadum Tellinii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchentellinsfurt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Ecclesiastica in Rhaetia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kirchheim am Ries'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Enzilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Inzlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Heriberti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumenta Germaniae Historica 1881&quot;&gt;Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH) (1881). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi''. [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Herbrechtingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Hoepfionis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Höpfingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Huchilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heuchlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Illonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Illingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Immonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Immendingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa in Antro]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Löchgau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa in Pulchra Fago]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; ([[Circulus terrae Biboniensis|Circulo Biboniensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weil im Schönbuch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Ingoldi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ingoldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Inzonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Inzigkofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Iungonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jungingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Liberti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leibertingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Lucis Antiqua]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altlußheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Occidentalis Frumentaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kornwestheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Opponis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oppenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Porrina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauchheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Sinistri-Statio Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Steub 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Linkenheim-Hochstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Tagonis Excelsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohentengen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Uchilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ittlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Wolperti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wolpertshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Wolpoti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wolpertswende'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Zuzonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zuzenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Zwiwilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zweiflingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villare Allmanni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sartorius 1705&quot;&gt;Sartorius, B. (1705). ''Chronicon Sueviae: Res gestas et memorabiles regionis continens''. Sumptibus Johannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Allmannsweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villare Otthari]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhenanus 1531&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ottersweier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villaria ad Teccam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weilheim an der Teck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villaria sub Canalibus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weilen unter den Rinnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villinga-Suanninga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/13970/Schwenningen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 895 Suanninga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Villingen-Schwenningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villingendorfia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Villingendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villula Luci]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1848&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Heuweiler'') 
* [[Vimania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wangen im Allgäu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vimesium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Förstemann 2 1900&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wimsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vindenia in Valle Elzae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1854&quot;&gt;Mone, F. J. (1854). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins. G. Braun’sche Hofbuchhandlung''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Winden im Elztal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Viridis Augia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bullinger 2024&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vitegehusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Knapp 1895&quot;&gt;Knapp, T. (1895). ''Gesammelte Beiträge zur Rechts- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte vornehmlich des deutschen Südwestens''. Laupp.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Volchardi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Volkertshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vuila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weil der Stadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== W ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Wachinga Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unterwachingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waeinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wehingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waiblinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waiblingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waibstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waibstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Walda (Ravenspurgum)|Walda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Königseggwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waldburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/Abhandlungen_der_Historischen_Klasse_der.html?id=BEZEAAAAcAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y ''Abhandlungen der Historischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Waldburgum 787 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waldenburgum (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Waldenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Waldenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Waldenburg'' in Latinam &quot;Waldenburgum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3.  N - Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Walhemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/details/annalesantverpi00papegoog/page/314/mode/2up?q=Walhemium ''Annales antverpienses''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pugnatur ad Walhemium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Walheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallhusa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Wallhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wallhausen&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Wallhausen'' in Latinam &quot;Wallhusa&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/Socium_Limen_Templorum_Laboris_Atqve_Hon.html?id=AdJIyQEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y ''Socium Limen Templorum Laboris Atqve Honoris, Tritum hactenus atque terendum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Adamum Odontium, Wallhusa Thuringum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wallhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waltchirecha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldkirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wannwila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; ([[Circulus terrae Reutlingensis|Circulo Reutlingensi]]) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wannweil'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Warthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Warthausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weidenstetta]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/die-alten-matrikeln-der-universitt-strassburg-1621-bis-1793-band-3-personen-und-ortsregister-reprint-2019nbsped-9783111618395-9783111242019.html ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 162'], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Weidenstetta-Ulmanus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weidenstetten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weinhemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/Weinhemium_Palatinum_in_strata_montana_i.html?id=QeNMAAAAcAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y ''Weinhemium Palatinum in strata montana illustratum''].&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weinheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weinsberga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://weinsberg.uni-bonn.de/Edition/Liber_Senectutis/ls10.htm ''Liber Senectutis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aedes Weinsbergas (...) Weinsberga domus (...) Weinsbergam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weinsberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weissacum in Valle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stalin 1847&quot;&gt;Stalin, C. F. (1847). ''Wirtembergische Geschichte: Das Herzogtum Württemberg''. J. G. Cotta’scher Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weissach im Tal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wellandorum Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wellendingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Welzhemium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://opendigi.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/opendigi/LXV14_fol-1_188#p=2 ''Decanvs Et Collegivm Facvltatis Philosophicae In Perantiqva Stvdiorvm Vniversitate Tvbingensi''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Praefecto Welzhemii Superiori (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Welzheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wenelinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wendlingen am Neckar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wernavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wernau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werbacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Werbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wört'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werra (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Werra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wehr'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werthemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wertheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wila]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/10124/Wyhl+am+Kaiserstuhl+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Vvila 0994 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wyhl am Kaiserstuhl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilare (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Wilare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pfalzgrafenweiler'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wildberga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Wildberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wildberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Wildberg'' in Latinam &quot;Wildberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://real-r.mtak.hu/766/1/RA_4370.pdf ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Josephus Antonius Streibig, qui Wildberga in Hungariam veniens (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wildberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilhelmersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wilhelmsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Willa]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/15102/Weil+am+Rhein+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 786 Willa, wahrscheinlich aus dem Lateinischen, genannt bei Schenkung an Kloster St. Gallen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weil am Rhein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiloa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weilheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Willstätt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wimpina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Wimpfen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wingarda (Badenia)|Wingarda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wingarda&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Weingarten'' in Latinam &quot;Wingarda&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardBadeninderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-1553.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Wingarda (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weingarten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winoda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Winnenden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wintarfulinga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/16553/Winterlingen+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 842 Wintarfulinga (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Winterlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winterbachium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Winterbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Winterbachium&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Winterbach'' in Latinam &quot;Winterbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_fbRDAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_fbRDAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''&quot;Metropolis Ecclesiae Trevericae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) secundo flumine Winterbachium Erangio (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Winterbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wisenbachium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Wisenbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiesenbach&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Wiesenbach'' in Latinam &quot;Wisenbachium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://han.stadtarchiv.ch/inhalt/VadSlg_Ms_36_273.pdf ''Summa cum diligentia gandio me affecerunt''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) per wisenbachium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wiesenbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wisontessteiga]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/852/Wiesensteig+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Uuisontessteiga 0861 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wiesensteig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wislochium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) prope Wislochium castra (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wiesloch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Witelichon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wittlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Witunauia]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/9424/Wittnau+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Witunauia 0786 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wittnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wizaha]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.leo-bw.de/en-GB/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/275/Weissach+-+Altgemeinde%7ETeilort ''www.leo-bw.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Wizaha 0800 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weissach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wizuuila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weisweil'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wolfeggi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wolfegg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Woernersberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Germanica Gallica 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wörnersberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wolphaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wolfach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurmlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wurmlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurzacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schoepflin Celtica Romana Francica 1751&quot;/&gt; (urbs) &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Wurzach'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== Z ==
{{div col|4}}
* [[Zartena Posterior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mone Zeitschrift 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hinterzarten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zeisenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bader 1839&quot;&gt;Bader, J. (1839). ''Badenia oder das badische Land und Volk''. Magazin für vaterländische Interessen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zaisenhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zimbra sub Castello]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zimbra&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Zimmern'' in Latinam &quot;Zimbra&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}. Latinum syntagma &quot;in Castello&quot; Theodiscum ''unter Burg'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zimmern unter der Burg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zwiveltum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mapcarta.com/25457546 mapcarta.com], ubi dicitur &quot;Latin: Zwiveltum&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zwiefalten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zwingenberga (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Zwingenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwingenberga&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Zwingenberg'' in Latinam &quot;Zwingenberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://era-prod11.ethz.ch ''Caput I. De statu Germaniae saeculo XVIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;Zwingenberga, urbs, castrum &amp; 10 pagorum Praefectura.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zwingenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Badeniae-Virtembergiae|!]]</text>
      <sha1>llumd5gcn4fs2tcvbc5vnb7s523zhg7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Damnatzium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198232</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979438</id>
      <parentid>3966958</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:02:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979438</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1341" sha1="ddn7uly115hn6r4v2q448xahas4e5w1" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Damnatz''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Damnatz etiam vici Barnitz, Jasebeck, Kamerun atque Landsatz pertinent.
Damnatz pars communis generalis [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:DamnatzChurch.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Damnatz]]
Damnatz pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Damnatz ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Damnatz adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201101255/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5932/ Pagina communis generalis Elbtalaue de Damnatz scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309055357/http://www.damnatz-elbtalaue.de/ Pagina officialis Damnatz]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>ddn7uly115hn6r4v2q448xahas4e5w1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979439</id>
      <parentid>3979438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:06:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Damnatz]] ad [[Damnatzium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979438</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1341" sha1="ddn7uly115hn6r4v2q448xahas4e5w1" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Damnatz''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Damnatz etiam vici Barnitz, Jasebeck, Kamerun atque Landsatz pertinent.
Damnatz pars communis generalis [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:DamnatzChurch.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Damnatz]]
Damnatz pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Damnatz ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Damnatz adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201101255/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5932/ Pagina communis generalis Elbtalaue de Damnatz scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309055357/http://www.damnatz-elbtalaue.de/ Pagina officialis Damnatz]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>ddn7uly115hn6r4v2q448xahas4e5w1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979453</id>
      <parentid>3979439</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:35:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2614" sha1="dmie4shrf8v0qdr7w6o0w1hgr3udx6e" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Damnatzium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Damnaze'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;/&gt; seu '''Domnaz'''&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Domnaza'''&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Damnatzium etiam vici [[Barnitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Barnitz''), [[Cammarunia (Damnatzium)|Cammarunia]]&lt;ref&gt;Huius vici nomen ex [[Cammarunia|Africa natione homonyma]] ortum est. Latino de toponymo &quot;Cammarunia&quot;, vide: {{Google Books|-ft0MIKWqPwC|hic pp. 426-427 citatae}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kamerun'') [[Iasebachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Jasebeck'') atque [[Landsatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande: Band 1''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Landsatz'') pertinent. Damnatzium pars communis generalis [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:DamnatzChurch.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Damnatzii.]]
Damnatzium pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Damnatzium ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Damnatzium adiuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Damnatz|Damnatzium}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201101255/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5932/ Pagina communis generalis Elbtalaue de Damnatzio scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309055357/http://www.damnatz-elbtalaue.de/ Pagina officialis Damnatzii]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>dmie4shrf8v0qdr7w6o0w1hgr3udx6e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979457</id>
      <parentid>3979453</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:40:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979457</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2620" sha1="iw2oyevre56oguigl4f2kjwxubkxwfy" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Damnatzium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Damnaze'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;/&gt; seu '''Domnaz'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan2&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Domnaza'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan2&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Damnatzium etiam vici [[Barnitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Barnitz''), [[Cammarunia (Damnatzium)|Cammarunia]]&lt;ref&gt;Huius vici nomen ex [[Cammarunia|Africa natione homonyma]] ortum est. Latino de toponymo &quot;Cammarunia&quot;, vide: {{Google Books|-ft0MIKWqPwC|hic pp. 426-427 citatae}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kamerun'') [[Iasebachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Jasebeck'') atque [[Landsatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande: Band 1''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Landsatz'') pertinent. Damnatzium pars communis generalis [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:DamnatzChurch.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Damnatzii.]]
Damnatzium pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Damnatzium ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)|Elbtalaue]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Damnatzium adiuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Damnatz|Damnatzium}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201101255/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5932/ Pagina communis generalis Elbtalaue de Damnatzio scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309055357/http://www.damnatz-elbtalaue.de/ Pagina officialis Damnatzii]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>iw2oyevre56oguigl4f2kjwxubkxwfy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979491</id>
      <parentid>3979457</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:42:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979491</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2639" sha1="lt8ajrgnd4ffihym9bwopl5hkx3ixce" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Damnatzium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Damnaze'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;/&gt; seu '''Domnaz'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan2&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Domnaza'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan2&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Damnatzium etiam vici [[Barnitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Barnitz''), [[Cammarunia (Damnatzium)|Cammarunia]]&lt;ref&gt;Huius vici nomen ex [[Cammarunia|Africa natione homonyma]] ortum est. Latino de toponymo &quot;Cammarunia&quot;, vide: {{Google Books|-ft0MIKWqPwC|hic pp. 426-427 citatae}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kamerun'') [[Iasebachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Jasebeck'') atque [[Landsatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande: Band 1''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Landsatz'') pertinent. Damnatzium pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:DamnatzChurch.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Damnatzii.]]
Damnatzium pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Damnatzium ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Damnatzium adiuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Damnatz|Damnatzium}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201101255/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5932/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Damnatzio scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309055357/http://www.damnatz-elbtalaue.de/ Pagina officialis Damnatzii]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>lt8ajrgnd4ffihym9bwopl5hkx3ixce</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Danneberga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198233</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979490</id>
      <parentid>3882558</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:41:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2783" sha1="fs3hz8jt9vffcssnupdyhwmn7eg3zsy" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dannenberg''' (Lat: ''Mons Abietum'') oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] ad [[Albis|Albim]] situm et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Dannenberg etiam vici Breese in der Marsch, Bückau, Dambeck, Groß Heide, Gümse, Klein Heide, Liepehöfen, Lüggau, Nebenstedt, Neu Tramm, Niestedt, Penkefitz, Pisselberg, Prabstorf, Predöhlsau, Prisser, Riekau, Riskau, Schaafhausen, Schmarsau, Seedorf, Seybruch, Soven, Splietau, Streetz, Tramm atque Tripkau pertinent. Dannenberg pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Dannenberg Fischerstrasse.JPG|thumb|left|Fischergasse (Via piscatorum) Dannenberg]]
[[Fasciculus:Rathaus Dannenberg.jpg|left|thumb|Curia Dannenbergiensis]]
Dannenberg tum nomine Slavico Weidars vel Woikam nominatum iam saeculo 9 ab hominibus habitabatur. Iussu [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici ducis Brunsvicensis]] eo loco castellum extructum est, quod anno [[1153]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ipsud Dannenberg die [[18 Octobris]] [[1157]] in actis nominatum est. Anno 1569 Dannenberg principatus [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est et ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] die [[22 Februarii]] [[1945]] partes oppidi pyrobolariis [[CFA|Americanis]] deletae sunt. Die [[23 Aprilis]] eiusdem anni Americani milites sine pugna Dannenberg expugnaverunt. Proximis annos Albis flumen finis erat Zonae Americanae et [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticae]] et postea Germaniae Occidentalis et Orientalis. Anno [[1989]] finis sublata est. Dannenberg ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1971]]/[[1972|72]] vici supra dicti ad Dannenberg adiuncti sunt. Eodem anno Commune generale Dannenberg conditum est, quod anno [[2006]] cum Hitzacker communi generali coniunctum est.

== Cives clari ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Bernardus Riemann]] (1826 - 1866), mathematicus

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130824215307/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5930 Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Dannenberg scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000421/http://www.dannenberg.de/ Pagina officialis Dannenberg]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>fs3hz8jt9vffcssnupdyhwmn7eg3zsy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979530</id>
      <parentid>3979490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:43:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dannenberg]] ad [[Danneberga]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2783" sha1="fs3hz8jt9vffcssnupdyhwmn7eg3zsy" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Dannenberg''' (Lat: ''Mons Abietum'') oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] ad [[Albis|Albim]] situm et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Dannenberg etiam vici Breese in der Marsch, Bückau, Dambeck, Groß Heide, Gümse, Klein Heide, Liepehöfen, Lüggau, Nebenstedt, Neu Tramm, Niestedt, Penkefitz, Pisselberg, Prabstorf, Predöhlsau, Prisser, Riekau, Riskau, Schaafhausen, Schmarsau, Seedorf, Seybruch, Soven, Splietau, Streetz, Tramm atque Tripkau pertinent. Dannenberg pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Dannenberg Fischerstrasse.JPG|thumb|left|Fischergasse (Via piscatorum) Dannenberg]]
[[Fasciculus:Rathaus Dannenberg.jpg|left|thumb|Curia Dannenbergiensis]]
Dannenberg tum nomine Slavico Weidars vel Woikam nominatum iam saeculo 9 ab hominibus habitabatur. Iussu [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici ducis Brunsvicensis]] eo loco castellum extructum est, quod anno [[1153]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ipsud Dannenberg die [[18 Octobris]] [[1157]] in actis nominatum est. Anno 1569 Dannenberg principatus [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est et ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] die [[22 Februarii]] [[1945]] partes oppidi pyrobolariis [[CFA|Americanis]] deletae sunt. Die [[23 Aprilis]] eiusdem anni Americani milites sine pugna Dannenberg expugnaverunt. Proximis annos Albis flumen finis erat Zonae Americanae et [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticae]] et postea Germaniae Occidentalis et Orientalis. Anno [[1989]] finis sublata est. Dannenberg ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1971]]/[[1972|72]] vici supra dicti ad Dannenberg adiuncti sunt. Eodem anno Commune generale Dannenberg conditum est, quod anno [[2006]] cum Hitzacker communi generali coniunctum est.

== Cives clari ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Bernardus Riemann]] (1826 - 1866), mathematicus

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130824215307/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5930 Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Dannenberg scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000421/http://www.dannenberg.de/ Pagina officialis Dannenberg]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>fs3hz8jt9vffcssnupdyhwmn7eg3zsy</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979535</id>
      <parentid>3979530</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="3329" sha1="cozbiiq0ws5pqus7bv99o1bz8rudqxn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Danneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; seu [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''; [[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg'' scilicet &quot;Mons Abietum&quot; [[Latine]]) urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] ad [[Albis|Albim]] situm et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Dannebergam etiam vici Breese in der Marsch, Bückau, Dambeck, Groß Heide, Gümse, Klein Heide, Liepehöfen, Lüggau, Nebenstedt, Neu Tramm, Niestedt, Penkefitz, Pisselberg, Prabstorf, Predöhlsau, Prisser, Riekau, Riskau, Schaafhausen, Schmarsau, Seedorf, Seybruch, Soven, Splietau, Streetz, Tramm atque Tripkau pertinent. Danneberga pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Dannenberg Fischerstrasse.JPG|thumb|left|Via Piscatorum (Theodisce ''Fischergasse'') Dannebergae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Rathaus Dannenberg.jpg|left|thumb|Curia Danebergensis.]]
Danneberga tum nomine Slavico ''Weidars'' vel ''Woikam'' nominata iam saeculo 9 ab hominibus habitabatur. Iussu [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici ducis Brunsvicensis]] eo loco castellum extructum est, quod anno [[1153]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ipsa Danneberga die [[18 Octobris]] [[1157]] in actis nominata est. Anno 1569 Danneberga principatus [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est et ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] die [[22 Februarii]] [[1945]] partes oppidi pyrobolariis [[CFA|Americanis]] deletae sunt. Die [[23 Aprilis]] eiusdem anni [[Statunitensis|Statunitenses]] milites sine pugna Dannebergam expugnaverunt. Proximis annos Albis flumen finis erat Zonae Americanae et [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticae]] et postea Germaniae Occidentalis et Orientalis. Anno [[1989]] finis sublata est. Danneberga ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1971]]/[[1972|72]] vici supra dicti ad Dannebergam adiuncti sunt. Eodem anno commune generale Danneberga conditum est, quod anno [[2006]] cum Hitzacker communi generali coniunctum est.

== Cives clari ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Bernardus Riemann]] (1826 - 1866), mathematicus

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannebergam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130824215307/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5930 Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Danneberga scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000421/http://www.dannenberg.de/ Pagina officialis Dannebergae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979536</id>
      <parentid>3979535</parentid>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="3330" sha1="62shnmgpzq23vpzk3cbl8r9hv2u7dje" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Danneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Daneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''; [[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg'' scilicet &quot;Mons Abietum&quot; [[Latine]]) urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] ad [[Albis|Albim]] situm et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Dannebergam etiam vici Breese in der Marsch, Bückau, Dambeck, Groß Heide, Gümse, Klein Heide, Liepehöfen, Lüggau, Nebenstedt, Neu Tramm, Niestedt, Penkefitz, Pisselberg, Prabstorf, Predöhlsau, Prisser, Riekau, Riskau, Schaafhausen, Schmarsau, Seedorf, Seybruch, Soven, Splietau, Streetz, Tramm atque Tripkau pertinent. Danneberga pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Dannenberg Fischerstrasse.JPG|thumb|left|Via Piscatorum (Theodisce ''Fischergasse'') Dannebergae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Rathaus Dannenberg.jpg|left|thumb|Curia Danebergensis.]]
Danneberga tum nomine Slavico ''Weidars'' vel ''Woikam'' nominata iam saeculo 9 ab hominibus habitabatur. Iussu [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici ducis Brunsvicensis]] eo loco castellum extructum est, quod anno [[1153]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ipsa Danneberga die [[18 Octobris]] [[1157]] in actis nominata est. Anno 1569 Danneberga principatus [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est et ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] die [[22 Februarii]] [[1945]] partes oppidi pyrobolariis [[CFA|Americanis]] deletae sunt. Die [[23 Aprilis]] eiusdem anni [[Statunitensis|Statunitenses]] milites sine pugna Dannebergam expugnaverunt. Proximis annos Albis flumen finis erat Zonae Americanae et [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticae]] et postea Germaniae Occidentalis et Orientalis. Anno [[1989]] finis sublata est. Danneberga ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1971]]/[[1972|72]] vici supra dicti ad Dannebergam adiuncti sunt. Eodem anno commune generale Danneberga conditum est, quod anno [[2006]] cum Hitzacker communi generali coniunctum est.

== Cives clari ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Bernardus Riemann]] (1826 - 1866), mathematicus

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannebergam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130824215307/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5930 Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Danneberga scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000421/http://www.dannenberg.de/ Pagina officialis Dannebergae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>62shnmgpzq23vpzk3cbl8r9hv2u7dje</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979540</id>
      <parentid>3979536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:10:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4080" sha1="ns0wbkbl4vhwsuw3byftmqwivluyv2p" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Danneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Daneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dannenberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Alb&quot;&gt;Albertus Stadensis (1863). ''Annales Stadenses (M. Lappenberg, Ed.)''. In ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Scriptores, Vol. XVI)''. Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dannenbergum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Alb&quot;/&gt; seu '''Danorum Mons'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; ([[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''; [[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg'' scilicet &quot;Mons Abietum&quot; [[Latine]]) urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] ad [[Albis|Albim]] situm et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Dannebergam etiam vici (Theodisce ''Breese in der Marsch''), (Theodisce ''Bückau''), (Theodisce ''Dambeck''), (Theodisce ''Groß Heide''), (Theodisce ''Gümse''), (Theodisce ''Klein Heide''), (Theodisce ''Liepehöfen''), (Theodisce ''Lüggau''), (Theodisce ''Nebenstedt''), (Theodisce ''Neu Tramm''), (Theodisce ''Niestedt''), (Theodisce ''Penkefitz''), (Theodisce ''Pisselberg''), (Theodisce ''Prabstorf''), (Theodisce ''Predöhlsau''), (Theodisce ''Prisser''), (Theodisce ''Riekau''), (Theodisce ''Riskau''), (Theodisce ''Schaafhausen''), (Theodisce ''Schmarsau''), (Theodisce ''Seedorf''), (Theodisce ''Seybruch''), (Theodisce ''Soven''), (Theodisce ''Splietau''), (Theodisce ''Streetz''), (Theodisce ''Tramm'') atque (Theodisce ''Tripkau'') pertinent. Danneberga pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Dannenberg Fischerstrasse.JPG|thumb|left|Via Piscatorum (Theodisce ''Fischergasse'') Dannebergae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Rathaus Dannenberg.jpg|left|thumb|Curia Danebergensis.]]
Danneberga tum nomine Slavico ''Weidars'' vel ''Woikam'' nominata iam saeculo 9 ab hominibus habitabatur. Iussu [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici ducis Brunsvicensis]] eo loco castellum extructum est, quod anno [[1153]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ipsa Danneberga die [[18 Octobris]] [[1157]] in actis nominata est. Anno 1569 Danneberga principatus [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est et ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] die [[22 Februarii]] [[1945]] partes oppidi pyrobolariis [[CFA|Americanis]] deletae sunt. Die [[23 Aprilis]] eiusdem anni [[Statunitensis|Statunitenses]] milites sine pugna Dannebergam expugnaverunt. Proximis annos Albis flumen finis erat Zonae Americanae et [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticae]] et postea Germaniae Occidentalis et Orientalis. Anno [[1989]] finis sublata est. Danneberga ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1971]]/[[1972|72]] vici supra dicti ad Dannebergam adiuncti sunt. Eodem anno commune generale Danneberga conditum est, quod anno [[2006]] cum Hitzacker communi generali coniunctum est.

== Cives clari ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Bernardus Riemann]] (1826 - 1866), mathematicus

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannebergam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130824215307/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5930 Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Danneberga scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000421/http://www.dannenberg.de/ Pagina officialis Dannebergae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>ns0wbkbl4vhwsuw3byftmqwivluyv2p</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979544</id>
      <parentid>3979540</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4228" sha1="4xz9xbdgz02y35hul9561buqx9bbngx" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Danneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Daneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dannenberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Alb&quot;&gt;Albertus Stadensis (1863). ''Annales Stadenses (M. Lappenberg, Ed.)''. In ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Scriptores, Vol. XVI)''. Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dannenbergum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Alb&quot;/&gt; seu '''Danorum Mons'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; seu '''Mons Abietum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Har&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1739). ''Historia Ecclesiae Gandershemensis Diplomatica (Vol. 1)''. Officina Cunoana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''; [[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg'' scilicet &quot;Mons Abietum&quot; [[Latine]]) urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] ad [[Albis|Albim]] situm et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Dannebergam etiam vici (Theodisce ''Breese in der Marsch''), (Theodisce ''Bückau''), (Theodisce ''Dambeck''), (Theodisce ''Groß Heide''), (Theodisce ''Gümse''), (Theodisce ''Klein Heide''), (Theodisce ''Liepehöfen''), (Theodisce ''Lüggau''), (Theodisce ''Nebenstedt''), (Theodisce ''Neu Tramm''), (Theodisce ''Niestedt''), (Theodisce ''Penkefitz''), (Theodisce ''Pisselberg''), (Theodisce ''Prabstorf''), (Theodisce ''Predöhlsau''), (Theodisce ''Prisser''), (Theodisce ''Riekau''), (Theodisce ''Riskau''), (Theodisce ''Schaafhausen''), (Theodisce ''Schmarsau''), (Theodisce ''Seedorf''), (Theodisce ''Seybruch''), (Theodisce ''Soven''), (Theodisce ''Splietau''), (Theodisce ''Streetz''), (Theodisce ''Tramm'') atque (Theodisce ''Tripkau'') pertinent. Danneberga pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Dannenberg Fischerstrasse.JPG|thumb|left|Via Piscatorum (Theodisce ''Fischergasse'') Dannebergae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Rathaus Dannenberg.jpg|left|thumb|Curia Danebergensis.]]
Danneberga tum nomine Slavico ''Weidars'' vel ''Woikam'' nominata iam saeculo 9 ab hominibus habitabatur. Iussu [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici ducis Brunsvicensis]] eo loco castellum extructum est, quod anno [[1153]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ipsa Danneberga die [[18 Octobris]] [[1157]] in actis nominata est. Anno 1569 Danneberga principatus [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est et ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] die [[22 Februarii]] [[1945]] partes oppidi pyrobolariis [[CFA|Americanis]] deletae sunt. Die [[23 Aprilis]] eiusdem anni [[Statunitensis|Statunitenses]] milites sine pugna Dannebergam expugnaverunt. Proximis annos Albis flumen finis erat Zonae Americanae et [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticae]] et postea Germaniae Occidentalis et Orientalis. Anno [[1989]] finis sublata est. Danneberga ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1971]]/[[1972|72]] vici supra dicti ad Dannebergam adiuncti sunt. Eodem anno commune generale Danneberga conditum est, quod anno [[2006]] cum Hitzacker communi generali coniunctum est.

== Cives clari ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Bernardus Riemann]] (1826 - 1866), mathematicus

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannebergam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130824215307/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5930 Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Danneberga scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000421/http://www.dannenberg.de/ Pagina officialis Dannebergae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>4xz9xbdgz02y35hul9561buqx9bbngx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979563</id>
      <parentid>3979544</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="6724" sha1="oiqdaki7jhild933qlv29a52k59wtew" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Danneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Daneberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dannenberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Alb&quot;&gt;Albertus Stadensis (1863). ''Annales Stadenses (M. Lappenberg, Ed.)''. In ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Scriptores, Vol. XVI)''. Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Dannenbergum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Alb&quot;/&gt; seu '''Danorum Mons'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; seu '''Mons Abietum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Har&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1739). ''Historia Ecclesiae Gandershemensis Diplomatica (Vol. 1)''. Officina Cunoana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''; [[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg'') urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] ad [[Albis|Albim]] situm et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Dannebergam etiam vici [[Brese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande (Vol. 2)''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Breese in der Marsch''), [[Bukovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gör&quot;&gt;Görges, W. (1843). ''Vaterländisches Geschichten- und Denkmalsbuch der Lande Braunschweig und Hannover (Vol. 1)''. Meinecke.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Bückau''), [[Dambeccum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lün&quot;&gt;Lünig, J. C. (1720). ''Codex Germaniae Diplomaticus, in quo exhibentur chartae et documenta quibus territoria imperii illustrantur''. Renger.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Dambeck''), [[Gumisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cas&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Lüchow-Dannenberg''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Gümse''), [[Heyda Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ass&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Groß Heide''), [[Heyda Parva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ass&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Klein Heide''), [[Lipenhofia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bün&quot;&gt;Bünting, H. (1722). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, darinnen die Erbauer der Lande und Städte kurz gefasset''. Keitel.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Liepehöfen''), [[Luggovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud4&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (1862). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande (Vol. 4)''. Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lüggau''), [[Nebenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ass&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Nebenstedt''), [[Niestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Niestedt''), [[Pencofitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bar&quot;&gt;Baring, D. E. (1744). ''Succincta Notitia Scriptorum Rerum Brunsvicensium ac Luneburgensium''. Sumptibus Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Penkefitz''), [[Pisselberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun&quot;&gt;Gundling, N. H. (1732). ''Gundlingiana, darinnen allerhand zur Jurisprudentia, Historie und Critic gehörige Sachen abgehandelt werden (Vol. 42)''. Renger.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Pisselberg''),  [[Predolovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lün&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Predöhlsau''), [[Prissera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Prisser''), [[Propstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Har&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Prabstorf''), [[Ricovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lap&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (1865). ''Hamburger Urkundenbuch (Vol. 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Riekau''), [[Riscovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sud4&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Riskau''), [[Scafhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Reh&quot;&gt;Rehtmeier, P. J. (1710). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica''. Detleffsen.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Schaafhausen''), [[Sedorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Har&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Seedorf''), [[Seibrucum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gun&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Seybruch''), [[Smarzovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mei&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertatio de utriusque Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis''. Typis Georgii Henrici Grodii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Schmarsau''), [[Sovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ass&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Soven''), [[Splotovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lap&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Splietau''), [[Stretzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bar&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Streetz''), [[Trammum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Tramm''), [[Trammum Novum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Michaelsteinenses et Amelxbornenses: Diplomatica et Historica''. Typis Reyherianis.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Neu Tramm''), atque [[Tripecovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lün&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Tripkau'') pertinent. Danneberga pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Dannenberg Fischerstrasse.JPG|thumb|left|Via Piscatorum (Theodisce ''Fischergasse'') Dannebergae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Rathaus Dannenberg.jpg|left|thumb|Curia Danebergensis.]]
Danneberga tum nomine Slavico ''Weidars'' vel ''Woikam'' nominata iam saeculo 9 ab hominibus habitabatur. Iussu [[Henricus (dux Brunsvicensis)|Henrici ducis Brunsvicensis]] eo loco castellum extructum est, quod anno [[1153]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ipsa Danneberga die [[18 Octobris]] [[1157]] in actis nominata est. Anno 1569 Danneberga principatus [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est et ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] die [[22 Februarii]] [[1945]] partes oppidi pyrobolariis [[CFA|Americanis]] deletae sunt. Die [[23 Aprilis]] eiusdem anni [[Statunitensis|Statunitenses]] milites sine pugna Dannebergam expugnaverunt. Proximis annos Albis flumen finis erat Zonae Americanae et [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticae]] et postea Germaniae Occidentalis et Orientalis. Anno [[1989]] finis sublata est. Danneberga ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1971]]/[[1972|72]] vici supra dicti ad Dannebergam adiuncti sunt. Eodem anno commune generale Danneberga conditum est, quod anno [[2006]] cum Hitzacker communi generali coniunctum est.

== Cives clari ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Bernardus Riemann]] (1826 - 1866), mathematicus

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannebergam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130824215307/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5930 Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Danneberga scripta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000421/http://www.dannenberg.de/ Pagina officialis Dannebergae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Göhrde</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198239</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979485</id>
      <parentid>3878621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:34:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979485</origin>
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      <text bytes="1657" sha1="3v3qe7fjyti5g25iipy9bskgvlxuts3" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Ortsbild Göhrde.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Quoddam [[aedificium]] Göhrde.]]
'''Göhrde''' est [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]]. Ad quod commune [[vicus|vici]] Bredenbock, Dübbekold, Göhrde, Govelin, Kollase, Metzingen (caput communis), Plumbohm, Sarenseck, Schmardau, Schmessau, Tollendorf, atque Wedderien pertinent. Göhrde pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Nachstellung der Schlacht an der Göhrde IMG 4092.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Anno [[2009]], pugna apud Göhrde a [[histrio]]nibus demonstrata est.]]
Göhrde ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Anno [[1813]], Francorum copiae in pugna apud Göhrde victi sunt. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Göhrde ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ex anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] ,vici supra dicti ad Göhrde adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170425115135/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5933/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Göhrde scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goehrde}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>3v3qe7fjyti5g25iipy9bskgvlxuts3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gusborn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198241</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979480</id>
      <parentid>3878618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:29:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1358" sha1="5plq4rurc9s134bh564dmblg35rlc60" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Gusborn Quickborn - Windmühle 01 ies.jpg|thumb|left|Molae ventis in vico Quickborn]]
'''Gusborn''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Gusborn vici Groß Gusborn (circa 340 incolae), Klein Gusborn (350), Quickborn (400), Siemen (120), Sipnitz (20) atque Zadrau (120) pertinent. Gusborn pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
Gusborn ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Gusborn ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Gusborn adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140131224103/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5934/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Gusborn scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>5plq4rurc9s134bh564dmblg35rlc60</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hitzacker</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198253</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979486</id>
      <parentid>3878640</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:34:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1487" sha1="cdqa8z8q5deoz5elffk1iv6tdhf693j" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Hitzacker 3982.jpg|thumb|left|Conspectus Hitzacker a vinea spectantibus]]
'''Hitzacker''' oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] ad [[Albis|Albim]] flumen situm et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Hitzacker etiam vici Bahrendorf, Grabau, Harlingen, Kähmen, Nienwedel, Pussade, Seerau, Tießau, Tiesmesland, Wietzetze atque Wussegel pertinent. Hitzacker pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
Hitzacker oppidum anno [[1258]] conditum est, sed iam antea hic castellum et fuerunt. Poseta pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Hitzacker ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Hitzacker adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130920110331/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5931/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Hitzacker scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1258]]</text>
      <sha1>cdqa8z8q5deoz5elffk1iv6tdhf693j</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jameln</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198258</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979482</id>
      <parentid>3878904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:32:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979482</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1550" sha1="3f3s48dbnv63qs2bvtm1jwg4i7c2d6n" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:GutskapelleBreese2.jpg|thumb|left|Capella in fundo Breese]]
'''Jameln''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Jameln vici Breese im Bruche, Breselenz (caput communis), Breustian, Jameln, Langenhorst, Mehlfien, Platenlaase, Teichlosen, Volkfien atque Wibbese pertinent. Jameln pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Breselenz_fire_station.jpg|thumb|left|Breselenz]]
[[Fasciculus:Breselenz_Dorfstr_10.jpg|thumb|left|Breselenz]]
Jameln ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Jameln ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Jameln adiuncti sunt.

== Cives clari ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Bernardus Riemann]] (1826 - 1866), mathematicus

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170426062121/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5935/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Jameln scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Karwitz</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198261</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979481</id>
      <parentid>3878907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:30:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979481</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1225" sha1="jdy24hubnavjvv2v9doit23cbj60ynq" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Karwitz''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Karwitz vici Dragahn, Gamehlen, Karwitz, Lenzen (caput communis), Nausen, Thunpadel atque Pudripp pertinent. Karwitz pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
Karwitz ab anno [[1671]] pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Karwitz ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Karwitz adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061219/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5936/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Karwitz scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>jdy24hubnavjvv2v9doit23cbj60ynq</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Langendorf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198300</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979479</id>
      <parentid>3878929</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:28:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1273" sha1="bkrenm7qbggjomscga4yofduh7y5owh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Langendorf''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Langendorf vici Kaltenhof, Brandleben, Cacherein, Langendorf, Grippel, Pretzetze atque Laase pertinent. Langendorf pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
Langendorf pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Langendorf ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Langendorf adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170426060055/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5937/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Langendorf scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>bkrenm7qbggjomscga4yofduh7y5owh</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Neu Darchau</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198320</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979489</id>
      <parentid>3889519</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:39:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1241" sha1="8tqku0makpt4r6crd7lzl9xe45c6011" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Neu Darchau''' est [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]]. Ad Neu Darchau etiam vici Darzau, Drethem, Glienitz, Katemin, Klein Kühren, Quarstedt, Sammatz atque Schutschur pertinent. Neu Darchau est pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]].

== Historia ==
Neu Darchau fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]; anno autem [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Neu Darchau ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Neu Darchau adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140131224108/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5938/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Neu Darchau scripta]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zernien</title>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="1453" sha1="rh3j1rj9eqan6uv9prrzqh7hoemcrnh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Zernien''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Zernien etiam vici Bellahn, Braasche, Breese an der Göhrde, Fließau, Glieneitz, Gülden, Keddien, Klöterhörn, Middefeitz, Mützingen, Prepow, Redemoißel, Reddien, Riebrau, Timmeitz, Sellien atque pertinent. Neu Zernien pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Fachwerkkirche Riebrau (Zernien)IMG 0480.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia vici Riebrau, quae anno 1534 primo in actis descripta est.]]
Zernien pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Zernien ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Zernien adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140130091643/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5939 Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Zernien scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Helimutus Brandt</title>
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      <text bytes="1463" sha1="6cdbkll3ol9u52q1yshafvq7r8uxgek" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Brandt,_Helmut-0617.jpg|thumb|left|Helimutus Brandt]]
'''Helimutus''' (Theod. ''Helmut'') '''Brandt''' (natus die [[24 Octobris]] [[1950]] in oppido Bardenberg nunc ad [[Mons Vermicularis|Montem Vermicularem]] -Theodisce ''Würselen''- pertinentem) rerum politicarum peritus [[Germania|Germanicus]] factionis [[CDU]] est.

== Iuventus et munus ==
Postquam anno [[1996]] scholam testimonium maturitatis adeptus finivit, miles conscriptus militavit. Deinde [[Universitas Fridericia Guilelmia Rhenana|Bonnae]] iurisprudentiae studebat atque causidicus admissus est.

== Familia ==
Anno [[1976]] uxorem duxit atque duos liberos habet.

== Cursus honorum ==
Brandt ab anno [[1969]] sodalis factionis Christianae Democraticae est. Annis [[1994]] - [[1999]] magister civium [[Alardi Villa]]e (Theodisce ''Alsdorf'') erat. Die [[28 Iunii]] [[2005]] pro [[Carolus-Iosephus Laumann|Carolo-Iosepho Laumann]] legatus ad [[Dieta Foederalis Germaniae|Dietam Foederalem Germaniae]] suffectus est et ad hunc diem manet.

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131128032914/http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete18/biografien/B/brandt_helmut.html Biographia apud pagina Dietae Foederalis Germaniae]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131230090059/http://helmut-brandt.de/ Pagina personalis]

{{Lifetime|1950||Brandt, Helimutus}}

[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Bonnensis]]
[[Categoria:Causidici]]
[[Categoria:Legati Diaetae foederalis Germaniae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hardhemium</title>
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      <text bytes="859" sha1="7k9lz6e7gos5o02av5a84v1vdqdn02b" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Hardheim_stitch.jpg|thumb|350px|Hardhemium: despectus in vicum.]]

'''Hardhemium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Armhein 1890&quot;&gt;Amrhein, A. (1890). ''Archiv des Historischen Vereines von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg'' (Vol. 33). [[Herbopolis|Herbipoli]]: Historischer Verein von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hardheim'') est vicus et commune [[Badenia-Virtembergia|Badense-Virtembergense]] 6846 incolarum (anno [[2012]]).
== Clari cives ==
* [[Gualterius Hohmann]], [[machinator]] ([[1880]]–[[1945]]) 
==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index Communium Badeniae-Virtembergiae|Indicem Communium Badeniae-Virtembergiae]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Hardheim|Hardhemium}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030420032829/http://hardheim.de/ Hardhemii pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Badeniae-Virtembergiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Index communium Brandenburgi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>216128</id>
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      <text bytes="76987" sha1="2m2pw83drggdunqiwmot80pwzgop59j" xml:space="preserve">Hic est index communium (in scriptā rotundā) et urbium municipiorumque (in scriptā crassā) [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Brandenburgum|Brandenburgi]]:

== A ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ad Lacum Mellensem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Am Mellensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ager Stagnorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Teichland''; Infrasorabice ''Gatojce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ager Ukrensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kosegarten&quot;&gt;Kosegarten, J. G. L., auctore (1862). ''Codex Pomeraniae Diplomaticus: Continuatio''. [[Gryphiswalda]]e.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Uckerfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Albimontes]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Leutinger 1729&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wittenberge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Althuttendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Althüttendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anteregio Costrinensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vorland&quot;&gt;Latinum substantivum [http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_01_ab.pdf &quot;anteregio -onis&quot;] Theodiscum ''Vorland'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gentilicum &quot;Costrinensis-e&quot; ad vicum [[Costrinum]]] (Theodisce ''Küstrin'') refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Küstriner Vorland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Dobra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1937&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altdöbern''; Infrasorabice ''Stara Darbnja'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Arausionis Castrum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oranienburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Arconia]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Riedel, Adolpho Friderico, auctore (1837-1868). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften für die Geschichte der Mark Brandenburg und ihrer Regenten''. F. H. Morin / G. Reime.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Erkner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arensfelda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/details/bsb11109559 ''Examen Philosophicum Quod cum Cosmiele Kircheriano asserente Solem Paroxysmum...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) &amp; Respondens Johannes Benjamin Meiner, Arensfelda (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ahrensfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Augia Ferina]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wildau''; Infrasorabice ''Wuše Łomy'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== B ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Balneae Belzigenses]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C., auctore (1977). ''Lexicon nominum locorum''. [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitate Vaticanā]]: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Belzig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balneae Sarovienses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977 Supplementum&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Saarow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnimia Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberbarnim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Baruthum (Brandenburgum)|Baruthum]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books?redir_esc=y&amp;hl=es&amp;id=mxc_AAAAcAAJ&amp;q=Baruthum#v=onepage&amp;q=Baruthi&amp;f=false ''Scriptores rerum Brandenburgensium''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''confessione edita Baruthi'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Baruth/Mark''; Infrasorabice ''Želm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Beelitium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beelitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Beescovia]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://books.google.es/books/about/Specimen_novum_nephelemetri%C3%A6_seu_disser.html?id=OaMJ0AEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y ''Specimen novum nephelemetriæ seu dissertatio physico-mathematica de pondere nubium, quam praeside Ludovico Philippo Thümmigio ...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Johannes Fridericus Göckner, Beescovia-Marchicus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beeskow''; Infrasorabice ''Bezkow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beiersdorfium-Freudenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Beiersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Beiersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Beiersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_JH54w1QV3-EC/bub_gb_JH54w1QV3-EC_djvu.txt ''Nouum volumen scriptorum rerum ...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Beiersdorfii (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Freudenberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freudenberg' in Latinam &quot;Freudenberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20251015233016/https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/bertius/bertius1/Bertius_commentarii_2.html ''P. BERTII COMMENTARIORVM RERVM GERMANICARVM''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Freudenbergae chalybs praeparatur optimae notae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beiersdorf-Freudenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belin]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/mecklenburgisch08altegoog/mecklenburgisch08altegoog_djvu.txt ''Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Johannes  de  Belin (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fehrbellin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Bellasilva]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönewalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bellicampus (Brandenburgum)|Bellicampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belliquercus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schöneiche bei Berli'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bellomarchia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönermark'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bercholte-Meienburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Lieselott Enders (2012). ''Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg. Teil VIII: Uckermark''. Klaus-D. Becker. ISBN: 978-3883720364.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyenburg&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Meyenburg'' in Latinam &quot;Meienburgum&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://blumenbach-online.de/item?ceid=1091&amp;tx_joportal_listeneinstieg%5Baction%5D=detailobjecttei&amp;tx_joportal_listeneinstieg%5Bcontroller%5D=Museo&amp;tx_joportal_listeneinstieg%5BjoDetailView%5D=jfb_tei_00000828&amp;tx_joportal_listeneinstieg%5Bloadend%5D=100&amp;tx_joportal_listeneinstieg%5Bloadstart%5D=50&amp;type=2345 ''COMMENTATIONES SOCIETATIS REGIAE SCIENTIARVM GOTTINGENSIS RECENTIORES''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dominus haereditarius Meienburgi in Ducatu Bremensi (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Berkholz-Meyenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Bernoa]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=KRg_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA13&amp;lpg=PA13&amp;dq=b&amp;soernoaurce=bl&amp;ots=4brJFBorwj&amp;sig=XY6QC0w1kGJeOjrx3OFX9A3-Yks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=op4iVdnuIIH2sgGc7YH4Dw&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=bernoa&amp;f=false google books: Scriptorum De Rebus Marchiae Brandenburgensis Maxime Celebrium Nicolai...]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bernau bei Berlin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Bernowa Nova]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Werneuchen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berstelandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bersteland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestwin]]&lt;ref&gt;Schlimpert, Gerhardo, auctore (1972). ''Die Ortsnamen des Teltow (Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Teil 3)''. Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bestensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bircoweder]]&lt;ref&gt;Schlimpert, Gerhardo, auctore. (1984). ''Die Ortsnamen des Barnim (Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Teil 7)''. Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger. ISBN: 978-3740006020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Birkenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blankenfeldium-Malow]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Blankenfelde&quot;&gt;Theodiscae voces ''Blankenfeld(e)(n)'' in Latinam &quot;Blankenfeldium&quot; verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_Ntk5AAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_Ntk5AAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''&quot;Davidis Chytraei Saxonia, ab Anno Christi 1500 usq[ue] ad MDXCIX''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ioannem Blankenfeldium, Episcopum (...) Ioanni Blankenfeldio successisse (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Codex_diplomaticus_brandenburgensis_Sammlung_der_urkunden%2C_chroniken_und_sonstigen_quellenschriften_f%C3%BCr_die_geschichte_der_mark_Brandenburg_und_ihrer_regenten_%28IA_bub_gb_me0-0zoKPTcC%29.pdf ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in villa Malow (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Blankenfelde-Mahlow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bleine-Gensmer]]&lt;ref&gt;Müller, Petro P., auctore (2005). ''Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg. Teil XII: Märkisch-Oderland''. Klaus-D. Becker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bleyen-Genschmar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliesdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bliesdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bonus Fons (Brandenburgum)|Bonus Fons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Guteborn''; Infrasorabice ''Wudwor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borcwaldia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Borkwalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Brandenburgum (oppidum)|Brandenburgum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Brandenburg an der Havel''; Sorabice ''Bramborska nad Habolu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;&gt;Buchholz, S., auctore (1767). ''Versuch einer Geschichte der Churmark Brandenburg''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]]: G. J. Decker.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bredin]]&lt;ref&gt;Schlimpert, Gerhardo, auctore (1984). ''Die Ortsnamen des Barnim (Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Teil 7)''. Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger. ISBN: 978-3740006020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Breydin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breselanga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Brieselang'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bresen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1979&quot;&gt;Lehmann, Rudolfo, auctore (1979). ''Historisches Ortslexikon für die Niederlausitz. Band II''. Hessisches Landesamt für geschichtliche Landeskunde. ISBN: 978-3921254967.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Briesen''; Infrasorabice ''Brjazyna'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breze (Brandenburgum)|Breze]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lieselott 1962&quot;&gt;Enders, Lieselott. (1962). ''Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg. Teil I: Prignitz'''. ISBN: 978-3883720326.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Breese'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brieskowium-Finkinherde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlimpert 1972&quot;&gt;Schlimpert, Gerhardo, auctore (1972). ''Die Ortsnamen des Teltow (Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Teil 3)''. Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Brieskow-Finkenheerd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Brieza Fida]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Treuenbrietzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britza (prope Neustadium Eberswaldum)|Britza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Britza&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma ''Britz(e)(n)'' in Latinam &quot;Britza&quot; verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/dupuy/dupuy1/Dupuy_nomina.html ''Dupuy Nomina.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Britza in Vandalia (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Britz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brizene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlimpert 1972&quot;&gt;Schlimpert, Gerhardo, auctore (1972). ''Die Ortsnamen des Teltow (Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Teil 3)''. Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Briesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bronkovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bronkow''; Infrasorabice ''Bronkow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Brucca (Brandenburgum)|Brucca]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Brück'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Brussowium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Brüssow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bubalovia et Praelacuus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thebebesius 1733&quot;&gt;Thebebesio, A. S., auctore (1733). ''Sciagraphia de Schidlow et Siehdichum''. [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti]] &amp; [[Lipsia]]e.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Turnow-Preilack''; Infrasorabice ''Turnow-Pśiłuk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Buchowe]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.europaradweg-r1.de/staedte-sehenswuerdigkeiten-landschaften/buckow ''Europadweg''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Buckow „villa buchowe“  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Buckow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bucovia Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohenbocka''; Suprasorabice ''Bukow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bucovium Superius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohe&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/superior?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 &quot;superior-ius&quot;] Theodiscum adiectivum ''hohe(n)'' et Theodisca praefixa ''Hoh(e)(n)-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohenbucko''; Infrasorabice ''Wusoki Bukow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgum (Silva Sprehae)|Burgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1850&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Burg''; Infrasorabice ''Bórkowy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byrkenbrucke]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berkenbrück&quot;&gt;Vide [http://www.berkenbrueck-spree.de/ ''Zur Geschichte des kleinen Ortes Berkenbrück''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  &quot;aqua Byrkenbrucke&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Berkenbrück'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Bysdal]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.biesenthal.de/index.php?vg=ge&amp;vd=zz.htm&amp;keys=ot ''NaturParkStadt Biesenthal''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Biesenthal (Bysdal) wird erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...) Die Heer- und Handelsstraße Berlin – Biesenthal wird urkundlich erwähnt (Via Bysdal) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Biesenthal'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== C ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Calovia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Calau''; Infrasorabice ''Kalawa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cantus Avium (Brandenburgum)|Cantus Avium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wohlbrück 1829&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vogelsang'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Carmzovia et Wallmovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Carmzow-Wallmow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Carstadium (Pregnitia)|Carstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Karstädt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Casekovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Casekow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Caselium-Goltzigium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kasel-Golzig''; Infrasorabice ''Kózłow-Gólsk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrum Prati]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wiesenburg/Mark''; Saxonice ''Wiesenborch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Cedlicensis]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zehdenick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Choricia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kyritz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clessenia-Gurnia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1804&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kleßen-Görne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis Marchicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Märkische Höhe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Conspectus Ericeti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Clandrianus 1715&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heideblick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Conspectus Lacus|Conspectus Lacūs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seeblick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cornu (Brandenburgum)|Cornu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Chorin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Cotbusium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Cottbus''; Infrasorabice ''Chóśebuz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Cremmene]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ocMKAAAAIAAJ/page/134/mode/2up?q=Cremmene ''Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cremmene, Bochzowe, Cedenic et in quantum ab ea parte (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kremmen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cramerum Superius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberkrämer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crinitzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Crinitz''; Infrasorabice ''Krynica'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Croppenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kroppen''; Infrasorabice ''Kropnja'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crusnicum-Magnum Aquaeburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wasserburg&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Wasserburg'' in Latinam &quot;Aquaeburgum&quot;; v.gr. vide {{Graesse}}; aut [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Krausnick-Groß Wasserburg''; Infrasorabice ''Kšušwica-Wódowy Grod'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cumlosenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Cumlosen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Lapidea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wohlbrück 1829&quot;&gt;Wohlbrück, S. W., auctore (1829). ''Geschichte des ehemaligen Bisthums Lebus und des Landes dieses Namens''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinhöfel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Monachorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Münchehofe'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== D ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dabergotzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dabergotz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Damis Marchia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahme&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Dahme'' plerumque latinizari solet &quot;Damis-is&quot;; quo de toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mark&quot;&gt;Latinum substantivum &quot;[[marchia|marchia-ae]]&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Mark'' vertit. Cuius gentilicium &quot;Marchicus-a-um&quot; est; v. gr. vide [https://duepublico2.uni-due.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/duepublico_derivate_00022358/matrikel-text-568S.pdf ''(S.1) Anno 1652...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Berolinensis Marchicus (...) Colonia-Marchicus (...) Sollquellensis Marchicus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dahme/Mark'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalghe-Dobericium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.dallgow.de/seite/102930/geschichte.html 'Gemeinde Dallgow-Döberitz''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in villa Dalghe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Döberitz&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Döberitz'' in Latinam &quot;Dobericium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/bornitz3/bornitiussufficientia.html ''Tractatus Politicus'', auctore Iacobi Bornito,], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et Pet. Galatium, Crollium, Dobericium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dallgow-Döberitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Debra (Brandenburgum)|Debra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;&gt;Gersdorf, E. G., auctore (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schenkendöbern''; Infrasorabice ''Derbno'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diensdorfium-Radlovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1850&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1850). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]]: F. H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Radlow&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Radlow'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam &quot;Radlovia&quot; verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://czasopisma.kul.pl ''Wypisy źródłowe do biografii polskich biskupów i opatów...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Datum Radloviae, die quindecima mensis Junii anno Domini millesimo (...) Radloviae, Sabbatho vigesima mensis Februarii (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Diensdorf-Radlow''; Infrasorabice ''Dimšojce-Radłow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna-Stresovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1937&quot;&gt;Lehmann, R., auctore (1937). ''Die Urkunden des Markgraftums Niederlausitz''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dissen-Striesow''; Infrasorabice ''Dešno-Strjažow'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Ditio Lapidea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Steinreich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Doberna]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Doberna&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Döbern'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam &quot;Doberna&quot; verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://obc.opole.pl/Content/19961/PDF/3022D.pdf ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Mathia plebano de Doberna (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Döbern''; Infrasorabice ''Derbno'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Dobrilugium et Kirchhayna]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Doberlug-Kirchhain''; Infrasorabice ''Dobrjoług-Góstkow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draconis Domus (Brandenburgum)|Draconis Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Drachhausen''; Infrasorabice ''Hochoza'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drahnsdorfium]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://opendata.uni-halle.de ''De Amore Patriæ Jvvenvm Animis Inserendo Prolvsio''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) DRAHNSDORFIO- LYSATVS (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Drahnsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Drebkovia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Drebkau''; Infrasorabice ''Drjowk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dreetzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dreetz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dreno]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1979&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Drehnow''; ''Drjenow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dumetum Rosarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schipkau''; Infrasorabice ''Šejkow'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== E ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Elsterwerda]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/franciscipassov00passgoog/franciscipassov00passgoog_djvu.txt ''Francisci Passovii opuscula academica, disposuit N. Bachius''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Elsterwerdae, apud avunculum quendam liberis orbum peregit, utrobique (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Elsterwerda''; Infrasorabice ''Wikow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erica Marchica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Märkische Heide''; Infrasorabice ''Markojska Góla'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Borchense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;&gt;Bratring, F. W. A., auctore (1799). ''Vicinitas Berolinensis: Seu descriptio geographica et statistica Marchiae Brandenburgensis''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Borkheide'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Ericetum Nigrum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Clandrianus 1715&quot;&gt;Clandriano, J. N., auctore (1715). ''Dissertatio inauguralis de Lusatiae superioris situ, qualitate et limitibus''. [[Wittenberga]]e.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwarzheide''; Sorabice ''Carny Gózd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Silvae Spreae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1781&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Spreewaldheide''; Infrasorabice ''Błośańska Góla'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Schorfiense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1775&quot;&gt;Gleditsch, J. G., auctore (1775). ''Systema Plantarum Berolinense''. Berolini.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schorfheide'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Viride (Marchia)|Ericetum Viride]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1781&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grünheide'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== F ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Fagetum Marchicum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mark&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Märkisch Buchholz''; Infrasorabice ''Serbski Bukojc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Falconis Mons (Marchia)|Falconis Mons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Falkenberg&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Falkenberg'' in Latinam &quot;Falconis Mons&quot; seu &quot;Falcoburgum&quot; seu &quot;Falconis Castrum&quot; seu &quot;Falcoberga&quot; seu &quot;Falckenburgum&quot; seu &quot;Falkenberga&quot; seu &quot;Falcomontium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/20.Februar.html ''Acta Sanctorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Falcoburgum, [an ab eo Falconis-mons?] id est, ''Falconis-castrum, vocant, Galli'' Falconis-montem, ''quod Teutonibus esset'' Falcoberga (...)&quot;; aut vide {{Graesse}}; aut [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Falkenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Falconis Mons/Elstra]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Falkenberg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elster&quot;&gt;Latino de hydronymo &quot;[[Elstra nigra|Elstra]]&quot; ''Elster'' vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Falkenberg/Elster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Falkenhagen&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Falkenhagen'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam &quot;Falkenhaga&quot; verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://arsi.jesuits.global/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GERMANIAE_1891-lowquality.pdf ''Provinciae Germaniae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Falkenhagae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Falkenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Ferrifodinarum Civitas]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977 Supplementum&quot;&gt;Egger, C., auctore (1977). ''Lexicon nominum locorum: Supplementum referens nomina Latina vulgata''. [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitate Vaticanā]]: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eisenhüttenstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Finovia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niederfinow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Finowia Alta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohenfinow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Finsterwalda]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/cellarius1/cellariushistoria.html ''Cellarii Historia''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ad Dobrilug et Finsterwalda saltim situs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Finsterwalde''; Infrasorabice ''Grabin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flemingia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niederer Fläming'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fliethium et Stegelitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Flieth-Stegelitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fons Temnicensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Temnitzquell'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Forsta]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;''(Kreisstadt)''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Forst''; Infrasorabice ''Baršć'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Francofortum ad Oderam]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Frankfurt an der Oder'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Frauendorfium (Brandenburgum)|Frauendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frauendorf&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Frauendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Frauendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://misc.bibl.u-szeged.hu/24285/1/011_010_001-144.pdf ''Deutsche Dialektgeographie''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frauendorf''';&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt; mdal. ''Frdndraf;'' urk. Assonfalva 1305 (I 230), villa Dominarum 1414 (III 599), villa Dominarum 1415 (III 646), Mariendorf, Frauendorfium, s. Mariae villa (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Frauendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredersdorfium et Vogelsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fredersdorf-Vogelsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Freienwalda]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Freienwalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friderici Silva (Brandenburgum)|Friderici Silva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Friedrichswalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Friedlandia (Lusatia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Friedland''; Infrasorabice ''Bryland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Friesacum (Brandenburgum)|Friesacum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Friesack&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friesack'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam &quot;Friesacum&quot; verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/urkundenbuchdes00zahngoog/urkundenbuchdes00zahngoog_djvu.txt ''Urkundenbuch des herzogthums Steiermark''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Friesacum  uenisset (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Friesack'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Furstenwaldium ad Spream]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Seutter 1730&quot;&gt;Seutter, M., auctore (1730). ''Marchionatus Brandenburgicus''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fürstenwalde/Spree'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== G ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Gartia (Viadrus)|Gartia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gartz&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Gartz'' in Latinam &quot;Gartia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gartz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garzovia et Garzinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Garzau-Garzin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdshagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gerdshagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersdorfium Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niedergörsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gessen-Nova Sitavia]]&lt;ref&gt;Quoniam hic vicus -Theodisce ''Gosen'' dictus- in paeninsulā situs erat atque tribus lateribus aquis aut paludibus cingebatur, nomen Gessen (Theodisce ''Gosen'') accepit. Hoc nomen originem ducit a loco biblico [[Gessen (regio historica)|Gessene]], qui in delta Nili situs erat. Quo de biblico toponymo, vide [https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_genesis_lt.html#45 Gen 45,10 apud ''Vulgatam''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et habitabis in terra Gessen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Neu?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 &quot;novus-a-um&quot;] Theodiscum ''neu'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sitavia&quot;&gt;Nova Sitavia nomen suum accepit ex oppido [[Sitavia|Sitaviā]] in Saxoniā. Re vera autem tantum duae familiae sicut coloni ex ea regione venerunt. De toponymo &quot;Sitavia&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gosen-Neu Zittau''; Infrasorabice ''Góźna-Nowa Žytawa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gholsow]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20151002110048/http://www.moz.de/artikel-ansicht/dg/0/1/2548 ''700 Jahre im Zeichen des Hahns''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) &quot;villam Gholsow&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Viadrus|Viadrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Golzow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glienickium/Via Septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Glienickium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Glienicke'' in Latinam &quot;Glienickium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/cil/cil10/cil10_p237-972.pdf ''Sine titulo apud db.edcs.eu'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hodie Glienickii apud Carolum e regia domo (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bahn&quot;&gt;Latinum nomen [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Bahn?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 &quot;via-ae&quot;]  Theodiscum lexema ''-bahn'' et Theodiscum nomen ''Bahn'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Septentrionalis&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;]  Theodiscum praefixum  ''Nord-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Glienicke/Nordbahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Gobya]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Guben''; Infrasorabice ''Gubin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Golcenne]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1765&quot;&gt;Gercken, P. W., auctore (1765). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. [[Salzwita]]e.(...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Golßen''; Infrasorabice ''Gólišyn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gollenberga (Terra Habalae)|Gollenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gollenberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Gollenberg'' in Latinam &quot;Gollenberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://bibliotekacyfrowa.eu/Content/70362/76695.pdf ''NAUTOLOGIA''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Montes pauci, praeter Gollenberga, prope Cuslinum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golsowe (Marchia Media)|Golsowe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer &amp; Witkowski&quot;&gt;Reinhardo E. Fischer et T. Witkowski auctoribus: ''Brandenburgisches Namenbuch''. H. Böhlaus Nachf., 1967, S. 62 (= ''Berliner Beiträge zur Namenforschung, Band 1: Die Ortsnamen der Zauche''); ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''usque bruch seu golsowe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Brandenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Golzow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorzkium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Görzke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gordena-Staupicius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1850&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1937&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gorden-Staupitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goricia (Brandenburgum)|Goricia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Göritz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grabonizi]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://werkstatt.formulae.uni-hamburg.de/texts/urn:cts:formulae:hersfeld.weirich0071.lat001/passage/1 ''Urkundenbuch der Reichsabtei Hersfeld. Erster Band (Ed. Weirich) Nr. 71''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) quarum ista sunt nomina: Nezesowa, Neuplizi, Soliteso, Budim, Rozmuzi, Neziuni, Netruzina, Virbinizi, Liuzewa, Grabonizi, Tribeni, Senatina, Sipli, Tropeni, Ozimzi, Ziazinauizi, Wiplizili, Zobemeh, Vussolizi, Grobizi, Curozuzi (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gräben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gramzowe]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.komoot.com/es-es/highlight/695900 ''Ruinas del Monasterio de Gramzow''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Gramzow se encuentra en el distrito de Uckermark y se menciona por primera vez en un documento de 1168 como villa Gramsowe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gramzow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Granzoge]]'''&lt;ref&gt;''Fratres minores in Granzoge'' (die 3 Maii anni 1302) apud P. Riedel, D. Schumann: Gransee - Franziskaner, in: ''Brandenburgisches Klosterbuch 2007'', Bd. 1, S.&amp;3;536–542,&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gransee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grodenium (Brandenburgum)|Grodenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gröden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunovia-Dammendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grunovia&quot;&gt;Theodiscae voces ''Grunow'' aut ''Grünow'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam &quot;Grunovia&quot; verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/taub2/books/taubmannschediasmata_11.html ''Frid. Taubmani EPIGRAMMATUM LIBER II''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Grunovia - Saxonem (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dammendorf&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Dammendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Dammendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://sachsen.digital/werkansicht/577953/1?tx_dlf%5Bdouble%5D=0&amp;tx_dlf%5Bpagegrid%5D=0&amp;cHash=2bc8c8dc9bb9644cda5f697ba5540b40 ''Thurea Vota, Qvum Rectore Magnifico...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dammendorfio-Saxoni (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grunow-Dammendorf''; Infrasorabice ''Grunow-Domašojce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunowia (prope Premislaviam)|Grunowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grünow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gulitzium et Reetzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gülitz-Reetz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gumthowe]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://rodnovery.ru/images/knigi/germanizatsiya-baltijskikh-slavyan.pdf ''ГЕРМАНИЗАЦІЯ''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) infra terminos villae Gumthowe fundaverunt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gumtow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gurovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Guhrow''; Infrasorabice ''Góry'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusovium et Platkovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gusow-Platkow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyherswalde]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://gerswalder-wasserburg.de/gerswalde-before-import/ ''Gerswalder Wasserburg''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Gyherswalde castrum et oppidum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Gerswalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== H ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Halbia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Halbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heckelbergium et Brunovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heckelberg-Brunow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Hennigsdorfium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hennigsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hermsdorfium (Brandenburgum)|Hermsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hermsdorf''; Infrasorabice ''Lubušow''; Suprasorabice ''Hermanecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Herzberga (Elstra Nigra)|Herzberga ad Elstram]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Herzberg&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Herzberg'' in Latinam &quot;Herzberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}} et [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elster&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Herzberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzberga (Marchia)|Herzberga Marchiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herzberg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mark&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Herzberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hirschfelda (Brandenburgum)|Hirschfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hirschfeld&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hirschfeld'' in Latinam &quot;Hirschfelda&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://medit.lutheran.hu/files/buchwald_georg_wittenberger_ordiniertenbuch_1560_1572_1895.pdf ''Wittenberger Ordiniertenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in oppidum Hirschfeldam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holbeke-Rulevestorppe]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PuNSAAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_PuNSAAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Meklenburgisches Urkundenbuch/7 1322-1328''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Holbeke vnde Ruleuestorppe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Halenbeck-Rohlsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hornovium et Wadelsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hornow-Wadelsdorf''; Infrasorabice ''Lěšće-Zakrjejc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hortus Lupularius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hoppegarten'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== I ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iacobsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsdorf&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Jacobsdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Iacobsdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/christophorisax01saxegoog/christophorisax01saxegoog_djvu.txt ''Christophori Saxii onomasticon literarium, sive Nomenclator historico-criticus...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Jacobsdorfii in  vico (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jacobsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iamlicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jamlitz''; Infrasorbice ''Jemjelnica'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemlicium-Dubenum Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1937&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jämlitz-Klein Düben''; Infrasorabice ''Jemjelica-Źěwink'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Iezera]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ziesar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ilowia (Flamingia)|Ilowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ihlow''; Infrasorabice ''Jiłow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Petri/Eggardisvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1857&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1857). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Petershagen/Eggersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Spreae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Spreenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Ioachimica Vallis]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Joachimsthal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ioannis Silva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jänschwalde''; Infrasorabice ''Janšojce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Iutrebocum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Jüterbog''; Infrasorabice ''Jutšobog'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== K ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Ketzinium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ketzin/Havel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kolkwizium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kolkwitz''; Infrasorabice ''Gołkojce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kotzenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kotzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== L ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Lacus Betzese (commune)|Lacus Betzese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beetzsee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacus Ericeti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1781&quot;&gt;Gleditsch, J. G., auctore (1781). ''Systema Plantarum Berolinense''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heidesee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lacus Falconum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Seutter 1730&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Falkensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacus Felix (commune)|Lacus Felix]]&lt;ref name=&quot;see&quot;&gt;Latinum substantivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lacus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 &quot;Lacus-ūs&quot;] Theodiscum suffixum ''-see'' et Theodiscum substantivum ''See'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Felixsee''; Infrasorabice ''Feliksowy Jazor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lacus Habalae]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;see&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Havel&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Havelsee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacus Sedynensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacus Sedynensis&quot;&gt;Latinum substantivum &quot;Lacus-ūs&quot; Theodiscum ''See'' vertit et  Latinum gentilicium &quot;Sedynensis-e&quot;, Theodiscum &quot;Seddiner&quot; vertens, ad oppidulum [[Sedyn]] refertur. De hoc oppidulo, vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_VAc_AAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_VAc_AAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg''], ubi &quot;(...) quorum duo coluntur de Sedyn (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seddiner See'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacus Swilowensis (commune)|Lacus Swilowensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1804&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwielowsee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacus Swiluchensis (commune)|Lacus Swiluchensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwielochsee''; Infrasorabice ''Gójacki jazor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacus Uckera Superior (commune)|Lacus Uckera Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oberuckersee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Landinia Marchica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mark Landin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Landsberga Vetus]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Altlandsberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lantium (Pregnitia)|Lantium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eubel&quot;&gt;Eubel, Conrado, auctore (1913). ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi''. Volumen I o II. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Libraria Regensbergiana&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lanz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lavicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janauschek&quot;&gt;Janauschek, Leopoldo, auctore (1877). ''Originum Cisterciensium. Tomus I''. Vindobonae: Alfred Hölder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lawitz''; Infrasorabice ''Lawojce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lebusium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lebus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Legda/Quitzowbelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Legde/Quitzöbel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Legebruchium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;&gt;Riedel, Adolpho Friderico, auctore (1843). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Leegebruch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lencena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lenzerwische'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leninum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kloster Lehnin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Leontium (Brandenburgum)|Leontium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lenzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lescina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1859&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1859). ''Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Namenverzeichnis zu sämmtlichen Bänden''. Berolini: G. Reimer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Letschin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Libenverda]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/image/rosdok_ppn734832206/12/ ''Mecklenburg-Vorpommern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Christiani Avgvsti Schvlzii, Praetoris Provinciae Saxonvm Libenverda(...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Liebenwerda''; Infrasorabice ''Rukow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Liberosa]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lieberose''; Infrasorabice ''Luboraz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Licin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lietzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lindenavia (Lusatia Superior)|Lindenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov&quot;&gt;Carpzov, B., auctore (1653). ''Decisiones illustres Saxonicae''. Lipsiae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lindenau''; Sorabice ''Lipina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lindendorffium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;&gt;Bekmann, J. C., auctore (1751). ''Historische Beschreibung der Chur und Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Vossische Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lindendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lintum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Linthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lipa (Barnimia)|Lipa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Liepe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lipsia Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohenleipisch''; Sorabice ''Lubuš'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lubbena Sprewaldensis]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lübbenau/Spreewald''; Infrasorabice ''Lubnjow/Błota'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lubena]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lübben''; Infrasorabice ''Lubin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lubuse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thietmarus&quot;&gt;Thietmaro Merseburgense auctore. ''Chronicon''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lebusa''; Infrasorabice ''Lubuš'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Luccavia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Luckau''; Infrasorabice ''Łukow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lucidus Campus-Scacisvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;&gt;Hoffmann, C. G., auctore (1734). ''Scriptores Rerum Lusaticarum''. Lipsiae &amp; Budissae: David Richter.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1979&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lichterfeld-Schacksdorf''; Infrasorabice ''Swětłe-Šachlejce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lucovaldia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Luckenwalde''; Infrasorabice ''Łukowc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Ludovicocampus]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamberger 1797&quot;&gt;Hamberger, G. C., auctore (1797). ''Das gelehrte Teutschland: oder Lexikon der jetzt lebenden teutschen Schriftsteller.'' [[Lemgovia]]e: Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ludwigsfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunovia-Stolzenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lunow-Stolzenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lupia (Brandenburgum)|Lupia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Thebebesius 1733&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Welzow''; Infrasorabice ''Wjelcej'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lychenia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lychen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Lyndowensis (Marchia)|Lyndowensis]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Lyndowensis&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lindow'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== M ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Machnovia Parva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1838&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1838). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kleinmachnow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Berne]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_frwKAAAAIAAJ/bub_gb_frwKAAAAIAAJ_djvu.txt ''Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villa magna Berne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großbeeren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Derschavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Neu?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] Theodiscum adiectivum praefixumque ''groß(-)'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Derschau&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Derschau'' in Latinam &quot;Derschavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/rikskanslerenax00akadgoog/rikskanslerenax00akadgoog_djvu.txt ''Rikskansleren Axel Oxenstiernas skrifter och brefvexling''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) consedit medium milliare Derschavia (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großderschau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magnum Kmehlen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kmehlen&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kmehlen'' in Latinam &quot;Kmehlen&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://medit.lutheran.hu/files/buchwald_georg_wittenberger_ordiniertenbuch_1560_1572_1895.pdf ''Wittenberger Ordiniertenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad ministerium diaconi pagi Kmehlen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großkmehlen''; Infrasorabice ''Wjelike Chmjelny'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magnum Pancovium (Pregnitia)|Magnum Pancovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pankow&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Pankow'' in Latinam &quot;Pancovium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [[Pancovium]] apud Vicipaediam Latinam aut vide [https://www.e-rara.ch ''Thesaurus literaturae botanicae omnium gentium, inde a ...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pancovium transierunt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Groß Pankow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magnum Schacksdorfium et Simmersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Groß Schacksdorf-Simmersdorf''; Infrasorabice ''Tśěšojce-Žymjerojce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magnum Thiemigium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-thiemig&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymicum lexema ''-thiemig'' in Latinam &quot;Thiemigium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de ''Vocis Clientis Disquisitio Etymologico-Synonymico-Critica ...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) partemque Klein-Thiemigii incolunt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großthiemig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magnum Woltersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woltersdorf&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Woltersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Woltersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_b0gWAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_b0gWAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Opuscula philologica et historica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Minus recte Woltersdorfium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großwoltersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magnus Corys]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Köris&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Köris'' in Latinam &quot;Corys&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/codexdiplomatic00elecgoog/codexdiplomatic00elecgoog_djvu.txt ''Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) monasterii de Corys (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Groß Köris'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magnus Lyndowensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Groß&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lyndowensis&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Lindow'' in Latinam &quot;Lyndowensis&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Groß Lindow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maior Crucewiz]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://chronik-gross-kreutz.de/index.php?title=Zeit%C3%BCberblick_in_Form_eines_Zeitstrahls ''Zeitüberblick in Form eines Zeitstrahls''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ecclesie ville nostre, que maior crucewiz appellatur (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Groß Kreutz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Malleus Lauchamensis]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Lauchhammer''; Infrasorabice ''Łuchow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marchia Transuckerana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nordwestuckermark'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mariae Verda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Marienwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Massena Lusatiae Inferioris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Massen-Niederlausitz''; Infrasorabice ''Mašow-Dolna Łužyca'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Meienburgum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Meyenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Melchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Melchow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merica Betzensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Beetzseeheide'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mescherinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mescherin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Michendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Michendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Milmersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Milmersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Mittenwalda]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mittenwalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mittenwaldia Uckermarchica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mittenwalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Monachomontium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Müncheberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Albus et Belina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thebebesius 1733&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Byhleguhre-Byhlen''; Infrasorabice ''Běła Góra-Bělin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Mons Principis/Habala]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Fürstenberg&quot;&gt;Theodisca vox ''Fürstenberg'' in Latinam &quot;Mons Principis&quot; seu &quot;Fürstenberg&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Havel&quot;&gt;Latino de hydronymo &quot;[[Habala]]&quot;, Theodisce ''Havel'', vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fürstenberg/Havel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Solis (Brandenburgum)|Mons Solis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sonnenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Montes (Pregnitia)|Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchholz 1767&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Montes Molendinorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlenberge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Muellrosium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Müllrose''; Infrasorabice ''Miłoraz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Mylbergium ad Albim]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlberg/Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== N ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Navia (Brandenburgum)|Navia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nauen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Nemicensis]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Niemegk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nennhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nennhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenhagium prope Berolinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuenhagen bei Berlin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhausium ad Spream]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuhausen/Spree''; Infrasorabice ''Kopańce/Sprjewja'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Neustadium Eberswaldum]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=KRg_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA13&amp;lpg=PA13&amp;dq=b&amp;soernoaurce=bl&amp;ots=4brJFBorwj&amp;sig=XY6QC0w1kGJeOjrx3OFX9A3-Yks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=op4iVdnuIIH2sgGc7YH4Dw&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Neustadium&amp;f=false google books: Scriptorum De Rebus Marchiae Brandenburgensis Maxime Celebrium Nicolai ...]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; - &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eberswalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nigritia (Brandenburgum)|Nigritia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tschernitz''; Infrasorabice ''Cersk)'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Cella (Brandenburgum)|Nova Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuzelle''; Infrasorabice ''Nowa Cala'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Nova Civitas ad Dossam]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Indago Petri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neupetershain''; Infrasorabice ''Nowe Wiki'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Terra Lacuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neu-Seeland''; Infrasorabice ''Nowa Jazorina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Nova Villa Alta]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohen Neuendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Zucha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neu Zauche''; Infrasorabice ''Nowa Niwa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Novirupinum]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=qnoDAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA140&amp;lpg=PA140&amp;dq=Novirupinum&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=NQa5Zw-i7h&amp;sig=S-V1byTw4W_k7bfntkjPbrhCPWY&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KX4xVYznO5WwaZjigNgP&amp;ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Novirupinum&amp;f=false google books: Scriptores Rerum Brandenburgensium: Quibus Historia Marchiae Brandenburgensis Eiusque Variae Mutationes Et Transitus Rerum Ab Origine Gentis Ad Nostra Usque Tempora Recensentur Et Illustrantur, Francofurti/Viadrum: Kleybe, 1741-1753].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuruppin''; Saxonice ''Reppin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novus Levinus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neulewin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novus Mons Durus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuhardenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novus Trebinus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neutrebbin'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== O ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Oderberga]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=KRg_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA13&amp;lpg=PA13&amp;dq=b&amp;soernoaurce=bl&amp;ots=4brJFBorwj&amp;sig=XY6QC0w1kGJeOjrx3OFX9A3-Yks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=op4iVdnuIIH2sgGc7YH4Dw&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Oderberga&amp;f=false google books: Scriptorum De Rebus Marchiae Brandenburgensis Maxime Celebrium Nicolai...]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oderberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Ortrandia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ortrand''; Sorabice ''Wótrań'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Os Anguillae]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Angermünde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ostia Nissae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neißemünde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== P ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Palus Marchica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Märkisch Luch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Planae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Planebruch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parstene]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1849&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1849). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Parsteinsee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Passowia (Brandenburgum)|Passowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zeiller 1652&quot;&gt;Zeiller, M., auctore (1652). ''Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae''. [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti]]: Merian.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Passow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Peitzium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Zeiller 1652&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Peitz''; Infrasorabice ''Picnjo'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Perleberga]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Perleberga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/philippicluverii00clve_7/philippicluverii00clve_7_djvu.txt ''Philippi Cluverii Introductio in universam geographiam''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Templariorum olim sedes: Perleberga, Pritzwald, Kiritz, Lentzen haud procul (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Perleberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pessinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pessin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Picearum Altitudo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1781&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fichtenhöhe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Piceorum Silva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1775&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Fichtwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pinnowia (Brandenburgum)|Pinnowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;&gt;Buno, J., auctore (1672). ''Philippi Cluverii Germania Antiqua: Ad vsum serenissimi principis''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Bunonianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pinnow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pirowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pirow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Plattenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wohlbrück 1796&quot;&gt;Wohlbrück, S. W., auctore (1796). ''Geschichte des ehemaligen Bisthums Havelberg''. Berolini.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Plattenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Plessa (Brandenburgum)|Plessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1863&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1863). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Plessa''; Sorabice ''Plesow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Podolzigium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büsching 1775&quot;&gt;Büsching, A. F., auctore (1775). ''Magazin für die neue Historie und Geographie''. Hallae: J.J. Curt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Podelzig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pons Henrici (Brandenburgum)|Pons Henrici]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heinersbrück''; Infrasorabice ''Móst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Potestampium]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=0hEyAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA196&amp;lpg=PA196&amp;dq=Potestampium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=KFLXAK3c2s&amp;sig=ACfU3U1Oa2chv0kUHIkotjFcHzUHGyWnrg&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiPjPvBi8XsAhVLExoKHTaLBWM4FBDoATABegQIAhAC#v=onepage&amp;q=Potestampium&amp;f=false Frederici Henrici Theodori Bischoff ''Verleichendes wörterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen Geographie''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Potsdam'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Povesin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Päwesin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prata Oderae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CCM&quot;&gt;''Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Oderaue'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Cremizae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-aue&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kremitz&quot;&gt;De hydronymo &quot;Cremiza&quot;, Theodisce ''Kremitz''; vide ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kremitzaue'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Habalae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-aue&quot;&gt;Latinum substantivum [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/german-english/aue?utm_source=chatgpt.com &quot;Pratum-i&quot;] Theodiscum suffixum ''-aue'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Havel&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Havelaue'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Paulinae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J., auctore (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42,000 geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Paulinenaue'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Premnicium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Premnitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Premislavia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Prenzlau''; Infrasorabice ''Prentzlow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Prizvalcensis Civitas]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Pritzwalk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Protzelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büsching 1775&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Prötzel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pulchra Silva-Glinna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiche 1927&quot;&gt;Meiche, A., auctore (1927). ''Historisch-topographische Beschreibung der Amtshauptmannschaft Pirna''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasselbach Kosegarten 1862&quot;&gt;Hasselbach, K. F., &amp; Kosegarten, J. G. L., auctoribus (1862). ''Codex Pomeraniae Diplomaticus''. [[Gryphiswalda]]e.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönwalde-Glien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Putlicium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Putlitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== Q ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quatuor Tiliae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wohlbrück 1829&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vierlinden'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== R ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Rabensteinium/Flaminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rabenstein/Fläming'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ragovia-Mertzius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ragow-Merz''; Infrasorabice ''Rogow-Měrc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rankestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1856&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1856). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rangsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Ratenovia]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=SdddAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA1368&amp;lpg=PA1368&amp;dq=ratenovia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=59Io4-Vdnj&amp;sig=4KDEyOYLDgrAofx5YTTW-SAbjZ8&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=0PMzVaaWOY7vatipgeAM&amp;ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=ratenovia&amp;f=false google books Vollständiges Lexicon Der Alten Mittlern und Neuen Geographie, In welchem ...]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rathenow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rauena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rauen''; Infrasorabice ''Rowno'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Redschin Magnum]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.marktplatz-grossräschen.de/01983 ''Marktplatz-Grossräschen.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Redschin magnum et parvum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Großräschen''; Infrasorabice ''Rań'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Regis Wusterhusa]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Regis Wusterhusa&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Wusterhausen'' in Latinam &quot;Wusterhusa&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_xPkUAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_xPkUAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Aeltere universitäts Matrikeln I; Universität Frankfurt a.O''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Wusterhusa-Marchicus (...)&quot;; Alterā ex parte, Latinum substantivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 &quot;regis&quot;] -genetivo singulari- Theodiscum substantivum etiam genetivo singulari ''Königs'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Königs Wusterhausen''; Infrasorabice ''Parsk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenovium et Moglinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reichenow-Möglin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenwaldia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reichenwalde''; Infrasorabice ''Rychwałt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reitweinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Reitwein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Retzowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Retzow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Revelde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rehfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Rheniburgus]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rheinsberg''; Saxonice ''Rhinsbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rietzium-Nova Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1861&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1861). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rietz-Neuendorf''; Infrasorabice ''Nowa Wjas pśi rěce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rietzium Vandalicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wendisch Rietz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rietzneuendorfium-Stakovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rietzneuendorf-Staakow''; Infrasorabice ''Nowa Wjas pśi rěce-Stoki'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Rinowia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rhinow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Marienfließ'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Molendinarius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlenfließ'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rivulus Niger (Lusatia)|Rivulus Niger]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen Kreysig 1730&quot;&gt;Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwarzbach''; Suprasorabice ''Čorna Woda'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Roboretum (Brandenburgum)|Roboretum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Eichwalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Roskowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Roskow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rueckersdorfium (Brandenburgum)|Rueckersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rückersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ruedersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rüdersdorf bei Berlin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ruednicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rüdnitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Rulandia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ruhland''; Sorabice ''Rólany'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ruestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rühstädt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ruethnicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rüthnick'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== S ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Salgastium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sallgast''; Infrasorabice ''Załgozdź'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salicetum (Brandenburgum)|Salicetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1775&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Werben''; Infrasorabice ''Wjerbno'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sanctum Sepulcrum (Brandenburgum)|Sanctum Sepulcrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heiligengrabe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schenkenbergium (Brandenburgum)|Schenkenbergium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schenkenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schilda (Brandenburgum)|Schilda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schilda''; Infrasorabice ''Šydłow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schlepzigium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schlepzig''; Infrasorabice ''Slopišća'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Schlibenium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schlieben''; Infrasorabice ''Sliwin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schoenbornium (Brandenburgum)|Schoenbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schoenebergium (Brandenburgum)|Schoenebergium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schöneberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schoenefeldia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scraden]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schraden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Seelovium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Seelow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selchowia et Pinnowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen Kreysig 1730&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Hohenselchow-Groß Pinnow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Senftenbergum]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/BIUSante_pharma_res005374/BIUSante_pharma_res005374_djvu.txt ''Georgii Agricolae De ortu &amp; causis subterraneorum, lib. V''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) prope  Senftenbergum,  quas  cinereo  colore  iunt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[municipium]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Senftenberg''; Infrasorabice ''Zły Komorow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sichovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1857&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zichow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Siehdichumium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Siehdichum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sifridi Villa Silvestris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Waldsieversdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sigefridi Villa-Hypocaustum Altum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sieversdorf-Hohenofen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Silva Cara]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Liebenwalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Formosa (Brandenburgum)|Silva Formosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schönwald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Spreae Inferior (commune)|Silva Spreae Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1781&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Unterspreewald''; Infrasorabice ''Dolny Błota'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Smogrowia-Fehrowia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schmogrow-Fehrow''; Infrasorabice ''Smogorjow-Prjawoz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Solis Silva (Brandenburgum)|Solis Silva]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sonnewalde''; Infrasorabice ''Groźišćo'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Spremberga]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Spremberga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://medit.lutheran.hu/files/buchwald_georg_wittenberger_ordiniertenbuch_1560_1572_1895.pdf Wittenberger Ordiniertenbuch], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ego ''Mattheus Sartorius'' natus in oppido Spremberga inferioris Lusatiae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Spremberg''; Infrasorabice ''Grodk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stansdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;&gt;Gercken, P. W., auctore (1766). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. [[Salzwita]]e: Hemmerde.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stahnsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stechlin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1841&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1841). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]]: F. H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stechlin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stechowia et Ferchesaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stechow-Ferchesar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Storbeckium et Frankendorfia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Storbeck-Frankendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Storkovia (Marchia)|Storkovia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Leutinger 1729&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce et Infrasorabice ''Storkow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Straupitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Straupitz''; Infrasorabice ''Tšupc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Strausbergum]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=KRg_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA13&amp;lpg=PA13&amp;dq=strausbergium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4brJFBorwj&amp;sig=XY6QC0w1kGJeOjrx3OFX9A3-Yks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=op4iVdnuIIH2sgGc7YH4Dw&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=strausbergium&amp;f=false google books: Scriptorum De Rebus Marchiae Brandenburgensis Maxime Celebrium Nicolai ...]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Strausberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Studenitzium et Schoenemarka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Stüdenitz-Schönermark'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Suerinum (Brandenburgum)|Suerinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leutinger 1729&quot;&gt;Leutinger, N., auctore (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia Brandenburgensi''. [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti]] &amp; [[Lipsia]]e.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwerin''; Infrasorabice ''Zwěrin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Suetia ad Viadrum]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1847&quot;&gt;Riedel, A. F., auctore (1847). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]]: F. H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schwedt/Oder'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== T ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tantovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen Kreysig 1730&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tantow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Taucha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tauche''; Infrasorabice ''Tuchow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tauria (Brandenburgum)|Tauria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tauer''; Infrasorabice ''Turjej'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Teltovia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Teltow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Temmenium et Ringenwaldia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Temmen-Ringenwalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Templin]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Templin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.thomasgraz.net/glass/gl-1976.htm thomasgraz.net], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A document of 1314 for the first time mentions the place as ''oppidum Templin'', and thus refers to it as a town (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Templin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Terra Altitudinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1805&quot;&gt;Bratring, F. W. A., auctore (1805). ''Statistisch-topographische Beschreibung der gesammten Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Friedrich Maurer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Höhenland'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Terra Boitzenburgensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Land&quot;&gt;Latinum substantivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Land?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 &quot;terra-ae&quot;] Theodisca suffixa ''-land'' et Theodiscum substantivum ''Land'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gentilicum &quot;Boitzenburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Boitzenburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Belli_SuecoGermanici_volumen_primum%2C_in_quo%2C_post_causas_belli_paulo_curatius_enucleatas%2C_series_ejusdem_ab_ortu_usque_ad_gloriosissimi_Sueciae_Gustavi_Adolphi%2C_secundi..._%28IA_bub_gb_QUsVAAAAQAAJ_2%29.pdf ''Belli Sueco-Germanici volumen primum''], ubi dicitur (...) Boitzenburgum. Leoburgum, Neohusium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Boitzenburger Land'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Terra Ericeti (Brandenburgum)|Terra Ericeti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleditsch 1775&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Heideland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Terra Leopolitana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Land&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gentilicum &quot;Leopolitanus-a-um&quot; ad Leopolin refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Löwenberger Land'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Terra Milovensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MGH&quot;&gt;''Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Milower Land'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Terra Molendinobekensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fidicin&quot;&gt;Fidicin, E., auctore (1857). ''Die Territorien der Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: J. Guttentag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mühlenbecker Land'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Terra Rederae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1863&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Röderland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Terra Ukrana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1857&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Uckerland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tettavium (Brandenburgum)|Tettavium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tettau''; Sorabice ''Ćětowa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Teupitium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Teupitz''; Infrasorabice ''Tupc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tilietum Marchicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Märkisch Linden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Torrens Sydovensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Sydower Fließ'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Trebbinium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Trebbin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Treplinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Treplin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Triglitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Triglitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trobitia]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Tröbitz''; Infrasorabice ''Trjebice'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== U ==
{{div col|3}}
* '''[[Uebigavia et Wahrenbruckia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Uebigau-Wahrenbrück'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== V ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vallis Buckaviensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Buckautal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Comenizensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;vallis&quot;&gt;Latinum substantivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/vallis?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 &quot;vallis-is&quot;] Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gentilicum &quot;Comenizensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Comeniz]] (Theodisce ''Kümmernitz'') refertur. Quo de hydronymo, vide: Riedel, A. F. (Ed.). (1843). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Kümmernitztal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Dahmensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Dahmetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Longa (Brandenburgum)|Vallis Longa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring&quot;&gt;Bratring, Friderico Gulielmo Augusto, auctore (1805). ''Statistisch-topographische Beschreibung der gesammten Mark Brandenburg. Zweiter Band: Die Mittelmark und Ukermark enthaltend''. Berolini: Friedrich Maurer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Langewahl''; Infrasorabice ''Ławjele'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Luckaitzensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Luckaitztal''; Infrasorabice ''Łukajcyny doł'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Nissensis et Malxensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Neiße-Malxetal''; Infrasorabice ''Dolina Nyse a Małkse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Nuthae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nuthetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Nuthae Prisca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bekmann 1751&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Nuthe-Urstromtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Pancae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Panketal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Planae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Planetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Pratensis (Brandenburgum)|Vallis Pratensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wiesengrund''; Infrasorabice ''Łukojce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Pratorum (Brandenburgum)|Vallis Pratorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1847&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wiesenaue'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Randoviae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Randowtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Rosarum (Brandenburgum)|Vallis Rosarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Rosenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Slubae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1861&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schlaubetal''; Infrasorabice ''Žłobiny doł'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Temnicensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1799&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Temnitztal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Veltenium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Velten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Vetzschovia]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vetschau/Spreewald''; Infrasorabice ''Wětošow/Błota'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vetus Tuchebandium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alt&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum, interfixum et adiectivum''(-)Alt(e)(n)(-)'' Latino adiectivo [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Alt?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 &quot;vetus veteris&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tucheband&quot;&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_xPkUAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_xPkUAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Aeltere universitäts Matrikeln. I. Universität Frankfurt a.O''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Fridericus  Paulus  Jacobi  Tuchebandio-Mesomarchicus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Alt Tucheband'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vielitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Vielitzsee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bennonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1847&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bensdorf'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Villa Martini (Brandenburgum)|Villa Martini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Merzdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Nicolai (Brandenburgum)|Villa Nicolai]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1843&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Mixdorf''; Infrasorabice ''Mikošojce'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Sculteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1804&quot;&gt;Bratring, F. W. A., auctore (1804). ''Statistisch-topographische Beschreibung der gesammten Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Friedrich Maurer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Schulzendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Viridis Silva (Brandenburgum)|Viridis Silva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Grünewald''; Infrasorabice ''Zeleny Gozd''; Suprasorabice ''Zeleny Hózd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Vuritza]]'''&lt;ref&gt;''Scriptorum de rebus marchiae Brandenburgensis maxime celebrium Nicolai Leuthingeri'' (Francofurti: 1729), [https://books.google.com/books?id=KRg_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA13&amp;dq=Vuritza p. 13].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wriezen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vustrowia Marchica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leutinger 1729&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wustermark'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== W ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Walslebium (Brandenburgum)|Walslebium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Walsleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wandlitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wandlitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weisenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Weisen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wenzlovium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wenzlow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Werdere (Habala)|Werdere]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Werder&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.marktplatz-werder.de/13738 www.marktplatz-werder.de], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Werder wurde im Jahre 1317 als „oppidum Werdere“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Werder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiesenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wiesenau''; Infrasorabice ''Łuka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Wilsnacum]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/Anhang_Oktober_XIII.html ''Acta Sanctorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Wilsnacum, prope Havelbergam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Bad Wilsnack'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Wittstockium ad Dossam]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wittstock/Dosse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollinum (Brandenburgum)|Wollinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wollin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Woltersdorfium (Brandenburgum)|Woltersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bratring 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Woltersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wusterhausium ad Dossam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1849&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wusterhausen/Dosse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wusterwitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Wusterwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

== Z ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zaucha Antiqua-Wussewerckia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riedel 1859&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 1734&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Alt Zauche-Wußwerk''; Infrasorabice ''Stara Niwa-Wózwjerch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zechinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zechin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zernitium et Lohmia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zernitz-Lohm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zeschdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zeschdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zeuthenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zeuthen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ziethenium (Barnimia)|Ziethenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ziethen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ziltendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thebebesius 1733&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Ziltendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Zossenium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gercken 1766&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(Theodisce ''Zossen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Brandenburgi|!]]</text>
      <sha1>2m2pw83drggdunqiwmot80pwzgop59j</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index urbium, oppidorum et communium Saxoniae Inferioris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>216135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979495</id>
      <parentid>3979250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:50:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="81579" sha1="m9pmzjbrz0ualchjuij4zmoyfcky8d4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communium et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auricum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auricum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danndorf]]
* [[Dannenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassel]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Dedelstorf]]
* [[Deensen]]
* [[Deinste]]
* [[Deinstedt]]
* [[Delligsen]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Denkte]]
* [[Derental]]
* [[Dersum]]
* [[Despetal]]
* [[Detern]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]
* [[Deutsch Evern]]
* [[Dickel]]
* [[Didderse]]
* [[Diekholzen]]
* [[Dielmissen]]
* [[Diepenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklage]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dissen am Teutoburger Wald]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohren (Emsland)|Dohren]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohren]] &lt;small&gt;(Nordheide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dollern]]
* [[Dornum]]
* [[Dörpen]]
* [[Dorstadt]]
* [[Dorum]]
* [[Dörverden]]
* [[Dötlingen]]
* [[Drage (Elbe)|Drage]]
* [[Drakenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drangstedt]]
* [[Dransfeld]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drebber]]
* [[Drentwede]]
* [[Drestedt]]
* [[Drochtersen]]
* [[Düdenbüttel]]
* [[Duderstadt]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dünsen]]
* [[Dunum]]
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebergötzen]]
* [[Eberholzen]]
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echem]]
* [[Edemissen]]
* [[Edewecht]]
* [[Egestorf]]
* [[Eggermühlen]]
* [[Ehra-Lessien]]
* [[Ehrenburg (Niedersachsen)|Ehrenburg]]
* [[Eickeloh]]
* [[Eicklingen]]
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eime]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimen]]
* [[Eimke]]
* [[Einbeck]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbe (Niedersachsen)|Elbe]]
* [[Elbingerode (bei Herzberg am Harz)|Elbingerode]]
* [[Eldingen]]
* [[Elmlohe]]
* [[Elsdorf (Niedersachsen)|Elsdorf]]
* [[Elsfleth]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elze]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsen]]
* [[Emda]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emlichheim]]
* [[Emmendorf]]
* [[Emmerthal]]
* [[Emsbüren]]
* [[Emstek]]
* [[Emtinghausen]]
* [[Engden]]
* [[Engelschoff]]
* [[Erkerode]]
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esche]]
* [[Eschede]]
* [[Eschershausen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esens]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]]
* [[Essen (Oldenburgum)]]
* [[Esterwegen]]
* [[Estorf (Landkreis Stade)|Estorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorf (Weser)|Estorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Weser)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everode]]
* [[Eversmeer]]
* [[Evessen]]
* [[Eydelstedt]]
* [[Eyendorf]]
* [[Eystrup]]
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farven]]
* [[Faßberg]]
* [[Filsum]]
* [[Fintel]]
* [[Firrel]]
* [[Flögeln]]
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flöthe]]
* [[Frankenfeld]]
* [[Freden]]
* [[Fredenbeck]]
* [[Freiburg/Elbe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freistatt]]
* [[Frellstedt]]
* [[Freren]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburg]]
* [[Friedeburg]]
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]]
* [[Friesoythe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fürstenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesee]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesbergen]]
* [[Garbsen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorf]]
* [[Garrel]]
* [[Garstedt]]
* [[Gartow]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geeste]]
* [[Geestland]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrde]]
* [[Gehrden]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorf]]
* [[Georgsmarienhütte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdau]]
* [[Gersten]]
* [[Getelo]]
* [[Gevensleben]]
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geversdorf]]
* [[Gieboldehausen]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesen]]
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilten]]
* [[Glandorf]]
* [[Gleichen]]
* [[Gnarrenburg]]
* [[Gödenstorf]]
* [[Göhrde]]
* [[Goldenstedt]]
* [[Gölenkamp]]
* [[Golmbach]]
* [[Gorleben]]
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorst]]
* [[Grasberg]]
* [[Grasleben]]
* [[Grethem]]
* [[Gronau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Groß Berßen]]
* [[Großefehn]]
* [[Großenkneten]]
* [[Großenwörden]]
* [[Großheide]]
* [[Groß Ippener]]
* [[Groß Meckelsen]]
* [[Groß Oesingen]]
* [[Groß Twülpstedt]]
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grünendeich]]
* [[Guderhandviertel]]
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusborn]]
* [[Gyhum]]
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorf]]
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hage]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagen am Teutoburger Wald]]
* [[Hagen im Bremischen]]
* [[Hagenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagermarsch]]
* [[Hahausen]]
* [[Halbemond]]
* [[Halle (comitatus Binethensis)|Halle]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Neuenhaus)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halle (Holtisminni)|Halle]] &lt;small&gt;(Montes Visurgis)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]]
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambergen]]
* [[Hambühren]]
* [[Hämelhausen]]
* [[Hamersen]]
* [[Hammah]]
* [[Handeloh]]
* [[Handorf]]
* [[Handrup]]
* [[Hankensbüttel]]
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hann. Münden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstedt (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstedt]] &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstedt (Nordheide)|Hanstedt]] &lt;small&gt;(Nordheide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harbarnsen]]
* [[Hardegsen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haren (Amisia)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorf]]
* [[Harpstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsefeld]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]]
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasbergen]]
* [[Haselünne]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haßbergen]]
* [[Hassel (Weser)]]
* [[Hassendorf]]
* [[Haste]]	
* [[Hatten]]
* [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Häuslingen]]
* [[Haverlah]]
* [[Hechthausen]]
* [[Hedeper]]
* [[Heede (Emsland)|Heede]]
* [[Heemsen]]
* [[Heere]]	
* [[Heeslingen]]
* [[Heeßen]]
* [[Hehlen]]
* [[Heidenau (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenau]]
* [[Heinade]]
* [[Heinbockel]]
* [[Heiningen (Niedersachsen)|Heiningen]]
* [[Heinsen]]
* [[Hellwege]]
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsen]]
* [[Helvesiek]]
* [[Hemmingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbünde]]
* [[Hemslingen]]
* [[Hemsloh]]
* [[Hepstedt]]
* [[Herzberg am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlake]]
* [[Hesel]]
* [[Hespe]]
* [[Hessisch Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerßen]]
* [[Heyen]]
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilgermissen]]
* [[Hilkenbrook]]
* [[Hillerse]]
* [[Hilter am Teutoburger Wald]]
* [[Himbergen]]
* [[Himmelpforten]]
* [[Hinte]]
* [[Hipstedt]]
* [[Hittbergen]]
* [[Hitzacker]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhagen]]
* [[Höhbeck]]
* [[Hohenhameln]]
* [[Hohne]]
* [[Hohnhorst]]
* [[Hohnstorf (Albis)]]
* [[Holdorf (Niedersachsen)|Holdorf]]
* [[Holenberg]]
* [[Holle]]
* [[Hollenstedt]]
* [[Hollern-Twielenfleth]]
* [[Hollnseth]]
* [[Holste]]
* [[Holtgast]]
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtland]]
* [[Holzen (bei Eschershausen)|Holzen]]
* [[Hoogstede]]
* [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Horneburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstedt (Niedersachsen)|Horstedt]]
* [[Hoya]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoyerhagen]]
* [[Hoyershausen]]
* [[Hude (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Hüde]]
* [[Hülsede]]
* [[Husum (bei Nienburg)|Husum]]
* [[Hüven]]
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienworth]]
* [[Ihlow (Frisia Orientalis)|Ihlow]]
* [[Ilsede]]
* [[Ingeleben]]
* [[Isenbüttel]]
* [[Isernhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberg]]
* [[Itterbeck]]
{{div col end}}

=== J ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Jade (Saxonia Inferior)|Jade]]
* [[Jameln]]
* [[Jelmstorf]]
* [[Jembke]]
* [[Jemgum]]
* [[Jerxheim]]
* [[Jesteburg]]
* [[Jork]]
* [[Jühnde]]
* [[Juist]]
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorf]]
* [[Kalbe (Niedersachsen)|Kalbe]]
* [[Kalefeld]]
* [[Karwitz]]
* [[Katlenburg-Lindau]]
* [[Kettenkamp]]
* [[Kirchbrak]]
* [[Kirchdorf (bei Sulingen)|Kirchdorf]]
* [[Kirchgellersen]]
* [[Kirchlinteln]]
* [[Kirchseelte]]
* [[Kirchtimke]]
* [[Kirchwalsede]]
* [[Kissenbrück]]
* [[Klein Berßen]]
* [[Klein Meckelsen]]
* [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]]
* [[Kneitlingen]]
* [[Köhlen]]
* [[Königsmoor]]
* [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]]
* [[Krebeck]]
* [[Krummendeich]]
* [[Krummhörn]]
* [[Kührstedt]]
* [[Küsten]]
* [[Kutenholz]]
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lünne]]
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhaus]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rheden (Niedersachsen)|Rheden]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spelle]]
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadtoldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979614</id>
      <parentid>3979495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:08:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="83476" sha1="3f8ssa59mke8ozkc97k28kvbpa8x3dj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communium et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auricum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auricum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deensen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinste]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstedt]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delligsen]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Denkte]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derental]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Despetal]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Detern]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deutsch Evern]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dickel]]
* [[Didderse]]
* [[Diekholzen]]
* [[Dielmissen]]
* [[Diepenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklage]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dissen am Teutoburger Wald]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohren (Emsland)|Dohren]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohren]] &lt;small&gt;(Nordheide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dollern]]
* [[Dornum]]
* [[Dörpen]]
* [[Dorstadt]]
* [[Dorum]]
* [[Dörverden]]
* [[Dötlingen]]
* [[Drage (Elbe)|Drage]]
* [[Drakenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drangstedt]]
* [[Dransfeld]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drebber]]
* [[Drentwede]]
* [[Drestedt]]
* [[Drochtersen]]
* [[Düdenbüttel]]
* [[Duderstadt]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dünsen]]
* [[Dunum]]
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebergötzen]]
* [[Eberholzen]]
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echem]]
* [[Edemissen]]
* [[Edewecht]]
* [[Egestorf]]
* [[Eggermühlen]]
* [[Ehra-Lessien]]
* [[Ehrenburg (Niedersachsen)|Ehrenburg]]
* [[Eickeloh]]
* [[Eicklingen]]
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eime]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimen]]
* [[Eimke]]
* [[Einbeck]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbe (Niedersachsen)|Elbe]]
* [[Elbingerode (bei Herzberg am Harz)|Elbingerode]]
* [[Eldingen]]
* [[Elmlohe]]
* [[Elsdorf (Niedersachsen)|Elsdorf]]
* [[Elsfleth]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elze]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsen]]
* [[Emda]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emlichheim]]
* [[Emmendorf]]
* [[Emmerthal]]
* [[Emsbüren]]
* [[Emstek]]
* [[Emtinghausen]]
* [[Engden]]
* [[Engelschoff]]
* [[Erkerode]]
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esche]]
* [[Eschede]]
* [[Eschershausen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esens]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]]
* [[Essen (Oldenburgum)]]
* [[Esterwegen]]
* [[Estorf (Landkreis Stade)|Estorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorf (Weser)|Estorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Weser)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everode]]
* [[Eversmeer]]
* [[Evessen]]
* [[Eydelstedt]]
* [[Eyendorf]]
* [[Eystrup]]
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farven]]
* [[Faßberg]]
* [[Filsum]]
* [[Fintel]]
* [[Firrel]]
* [[Flögeln]]
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flöthe]]
* [[Frankenfeld]]
* [[Freden]]
* [[Fredenbeck]]
* [[Freiburg/Elbe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freistatt]]
* [[Frellstedt]]
* [[Freren]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburg]]
* [[Friedeburg]]
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]]
* [[Friesoythe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fürstenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesee]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesbergen]]
* [[Garbsen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorf]]
* [[Garrel]]
* [[Garstedt]]
* [[Gartow]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geeste]]
* [[Geestland]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrde]]
* [[Gehrden]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorf]]
* [[Georgsmarienhütte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdau]]
* [[Gersten]]
* [[Getelo]]
* [[Gevensleben]]
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geversdorf]]
* [[Gieboldehausen]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesen]]
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilten]]
* [[Glandorf]]
* [[Gleichen]]
* [[Gnarrenburg]]
* [[Gödenstorf]]
* [[Göhrde]]
* [[Goldenstedt]]
* [[Gölenkamp]]
* [[Golmbach]]
* [[Gorleben]]
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorst]]
* [[Grasberg]]
* [[Grasleben]]
* [[Grethem]]
* [[Gronau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Groß Berßen]]
* [[Großefehn]]
* [[Großenkneten]]
* [[Großenwörden]]
* [[Großheide]]
* [[Groß Ippener]]
* [[Groß Meckelsen]]
* [[Groß Oesingen]]
* [[Groß Twülpstedt]]
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grünendeich]]
* [[Guderhandviertel]]
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusborn]]
* [[Gyhum]]
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorf]]
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hage]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagen am Teutoburger Wald]]
* [[Hagen im Bremischen]]
* [[Hagenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagermarsch]]
* [[Hahausen]]
* [[Halbemond]]
* [[Halle (comitatus Binethensis)|Halle]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Neuenhaus)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halle (Holtisminni)|Halle]] &lt;small&gt;(Montes Visurgis)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]]
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambergen]]
* [[Hambühren]]
* [[Hämelhausen]]
* [[Hamersen]]
* [[Hammah]]
* [[Handeloh]]
* [[Handorf]]
* [[Handrup]]
* [[Hankensbüttel]]
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hann. Münden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstedt (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstedt]] &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstedt (Nordheide)|Hanstedt]] &lt;small&gt;(Nordheide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harbarnsen]]
* [[Hardegsen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haren (Amisia)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorf]]
* [[Harpstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsefeld]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]]
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasbergen]]
* [[Haselünne]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haßbergen]]
* [[Hassel (Weser)]]
* [[Hassendorf]]
* [[Haste]]	
* [[Hatten]]
* [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Häuslingen]]
* [[Haverlah]]
* [[Hechthausen]]
* [[Hedeper]]
* [[Heede (Emsland)|Heede]]
* [[Heemsen]]
* [[Heere]]	
* [[Heeslingen]]
* [[Heeßen]]
* [[Hehlen]]
* [[Heidenau (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenau]]
* [[Heinade]]
* [[Heinbockel]]
* [[Heiningen (Niedersachsen)|Heiningen]]
* [[Heinsen]]
* [[Hellwege]]
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsen]]
* [[Helvesiek]]
* [[Hemmingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbünde]]
* [[Hemslingen]]
* [[Hemsloh]]
* [[Hepstedt]]
* [[Herzberg am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlake]]
* [[Hesel]]
* [[Hespe]]
* [[Hessisch Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerßen]]
* [[Heyen]]
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilgermissen]]
* [[Hilkenbrook]]
* [[Hillerse]]
* [[Hilter am Teutoburger Wald]]
* [[Himbergen]]
* [[Himmelpforten]]
* [[Hinte]]
* [[Hipstedt]]
* [[Hittbergen]]
* [[Hitzacker]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhagen]]
* [[Höhbeck]]
* [[Hohenhameln]]
* [[Hohne]]
* [[Hohnhorst]]
* [[Hohnstorf (Albis)]]
* [[Holdorf (Niedersachsen)|Holdorf]]
* [[Holenberg]]
* [[Holle]]
* [[Hollenstedt]]
* [[Hollern-Twielenfleth]]
* [[Hollnseth]]
* [[Holste]]
* [[Holtgast]]
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtland]]
* [[Holzen (bei Eschershausen)|Holzen]]
* [[Hoogstede]]
* [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Horneburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstedt (Niedersachsen)|Horstedt]]
* [[Hoya]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoyerhagen]]
* [[Hoyershausen]]
* [[Hude (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Hüde]]
* [[Hülsede]]
* [[Husum (bei Nienburg)|Husum]]
* [[Hüven]]
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienworth]]
* [[Ihlow (Frisia Orientalis)|Ihlow]]
* [[Ilsede]]
* [[Ingeleben]]
* [[Isenbüttel]]
* [[Isernhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberg]]
* [[Itterbeck]]
{{div col end}}

=== J ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Jade (Saxonia Inferior)|Jade]]
* [[Jameln]]
* [[Jelmstorf]]
* [[Jembke]]
* [[Jemgum]]
* [[Jerxheim]]
* [[Jesteburg]]
* [[Jork]]
* [[Jühnde]]
* [[Juist]]
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorf]]
* [[Kalbe (Niedersachsen)|Kalbe]]
* [[Kalefeld]]
* [[Karwitz]]
* [[Katlenburg-Lindau]]
* [[Kettenkamp]]
* [[Kirchbrak]]
* [[Kirchdorf (bei Sulingen)|Kirchdorf]]
* [[Kirchgellersen]]
* [[Kirchlinteln]]
* [[Kirchseelte]]
* [[Kirchtimke]]
* [[Kirchwalsede]]
* [[Kissenbrück]]
* [[Klein Berßen]]
* [[Klein Meckelsen]]
* [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]]
* [[Kneitlingen]]
* [[Köhlen]]
* [[Königsmoor]]
* [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]]
* [[Krebeck]]
* [[Krummendeich]]
* [[Krummhörn]]
* [[Kührstedt]]
* [[Küsten]]
* [[Kutenholz]]
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lünne]]
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhaus]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rheden (Niedersachsen)|Rheden]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spelle]]
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadtoldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Valva (discretiva)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Nexus etc.</comment>
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      <text bytes="420" sha1="pq48gk09226ctwfvu7b4c2lx244k80i" xml:space="preserve">{{discretiva}}

'''Valva''' significare potest:

== Zoologia ==

=== Invertebrata ===

* [[Valva (conchae)|Valva]], pars conchae Bivalvium, Brachiopodorum et Ostracodorum

=== Vertebrata ===

* [[Valvae cordis]]
* [[Valva aortae]]
* [[Valva trunci pulmonalis]] 
* [[Valva atrioventricularis dextra]] 
* [[Valva atrioventricularis sinistra]]

==Toponyma==
* [[Valva (Aprutium)]] seu [[Corfinium]]:
* [[Valva (Campania)]]:</text>
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  <page>
    <title>David Rjazanov</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>230793</id>
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      <id>3979326</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1712" sha1="ectgwzpk9lkcqccghd7bgvpjrc7yo45" xml:space="preserve">{{L-1}}
[[Fasciculus:Riazanov.jpg|thumb|David Rjazanov]]
'''David Rjazanov''', nomine nativo &quot;David Borisis f. Gol'dendach&quot; ([[Russice]] Давид Рязанов, Давид Борисович Гольдендах; natus die [[10 Martii]] [[1870]] [[Odessa]]e et mortuus [[21 Ianuarii]] [[1938]] [[Saratovia]]e) fuit [[philologia|philologus]], [[rerum gestarum scriptor]], [[archivum|archivista]] et [[placita Marxiana|Marxista]].

Anno 1905 Marxista factus est apud res novae anno 1905 et dum [[Res novae Octobres]], hanc participavit. Anno 1921 Riazanov Institutum Marx-Engels ad studium operas [[Carolus Marx|Caroli Marx]], et [[Fridericus Engels|Friderico Engels]], inter eas fuit ''[[Die deutsche Ideologie]]'' et ''Dialectik der Natur'', recensuit, etiam textos [[Dionysius Diderotus|Dionysii Dideroti]], [[Ludovicus Feuerbach|Ludovici Feuerbach]], [[Hegel]] studuit, ac praeses eius factus est et anno 1929 socius [[Academia Scientiarum Russica|Academiae Scientiarum Unionis Sovieticae]] electus est.

At [[cogitatio]]nis et [[opinio]]nis suae causa, exsul a [[Iosephus Stalin|Iosepho Stalin]] subiectus ad [[Gulagia]]m et necatus ab [[arma ignifera]].

== Bibliographia ==
* Hugo Cerqueira, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312000228/http://www.cedeplar.ufmg.br/pesquisas/td/TD%20352.pdf David Riazanov e a edição das obras de Marx e Engels]''. Urbs Belli Horizontis, 2009

{{Lifetime|1870|1938|Rjazanov, Davidus}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Imperii Russici]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Ucrainae]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Unionis Sovieticae]]
[[Categoria:Iudaei]]
[[Categoria:Marxistae]]
[[Categoria:Rerum novarum cupidi Russiae]]
[[Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Russicae]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Stalinismi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elma-Assa (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>245844</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979387</id>
      <parentid>3505830</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:44:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)]] ad [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <text bytes="877" sha1="ax8iq16sc96vbc4q6g4fm8ppw3qn74u" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Elm-Asse''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schppenstedt]] et [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] communia generalia ad novum Elm-Asse commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Elm-Asse pertinentes ==
* [[Denkte]] (3023)
* [[Dahlum]] (722)
* [[Hedeper]] (540)
* [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
* [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Uehrde]] (947)
* [[Vahlberg]] (781)
* [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elm-Asse}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>ax8iq16sc96vbc4q6g4fm8ppw3qn74u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979393</id>
      <parentid>3979387</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:49:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979393</origin>
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      <text bytes="1539" sha1="qowy5f5qkypxzibd8i54qlz1vpzovdv" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Elma'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir III 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt;'''-Assa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schppenstedt]] et [[Assa (commune generale)|Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; communia generalia ad novum Elmam-Assam commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Elm-Asse pertinentes ==
* [[Denkte]] (3023)
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
* [[Hedeper]] (540)
* [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
* [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Uehrde]] (947)
* [[Vahlberg]] (781)
* [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elm-Asse}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>qowy5f5qkypxzibd8i54qlz1vpzovdv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979400</id>
      <parentid>3979393</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:07:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979400</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1587" sha1="czeau78ritmai2bu47s5begqp56szmf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Elma'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir III 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt;'''-Assa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elm-Asse'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schppenstedt]] et [[Assa (commune generale)|Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; communia generalia ad novum Elmam-Assam commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Elmam-Assam pertinentes ==
* [[Denkte]] (3023)
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
* [[Hedeper]] (540)
* [[Kissenbrück]] (1770)
* [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Uehrde]] (947)
* [[Vahlberg]] (781)
* [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elm-Asse}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>czeau78ritmai2bu47s5begqp56szmf</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aloysius Schwartz</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>246601</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979529</id>
      <parentid>3977519</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:37:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3979529</origin>
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      <text bytes="792" sha1="cmn6261j4istmce020gas35ogsjhs3s" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

Venerabilis {{res|Aloysius Schwartz}} ([[18 Septembris]] [[1930]] - [[16 Martii]] [[1992]]), fuit [[sacerdos]] [[catholicus]] qui instituta caritatium causa pauperum orborum in [[Corea]], [[Philippinis]] instituit et [[Mexico]] et Sororum Mariae Banneux conditor est et Fratrorum Christi. Venerabilis declaratur in [[2015]]. [[Sclerosis lateralis amyotrophica|Sclerose lateralis amyotrophica]] adflictus mortuus est die [[16 Martii]] [[1992]].

== Bibliographia ==
*[https://www.ncregister.com/blog/venerable-aloysius-schwartz De Aloysio Schwartz] in ''[[National Catholic Register]]''

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1930|1992|Schwartz, Aloysius}}
[[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Philippinarum]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979532</id>
      <parentid>3979529</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:49:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
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      <text bytes="1001" sha1="1dpirrroe00g60dvfx3e4zctf4ixqvk" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

Venerabilis {{res|Aloysius Philippus Schwartz}} ([[18 Septembris]] [[1930]] - [[16 Martii]] [[1992]]), fuit [[sacerdos]] [[catholicus]] qui instituta caritatium causa pauperum orborum in [[Corea]], [[Philippinis]] instituit et [[Mexico]] et Sororum Mariae Banneux conditor est et Fratrorum Christi. [[Presbyter]] die [[29 Iunii]] [[1957]] ab [[Ioannes Michael McNamara|Ioanne Michaele McNamara]] [[archidioecesis Vashingtonensis]] ordinatus est. [[Sclerosis lateralis amyotrophica|Sclerose lateralis amyotrophica]] adflictus mortuus est die [[16 Martii]] [[1992]]. [[Venerabilis]] ab [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisco papa]] declaratur in [[2015]].

== Bibliographia ==
*[https://www.ncregister.com/blog/venerable-aloysius-schwartz De Aloysio Schwartz] in ''[[National Catholic Register]]''

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|1930|1992|Schwartz, Aloysius}}
[[Categoria:Clerici Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Vasingtoniae (D.C.)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ferrivia vaporaria</title>
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      <text bytes="2544" sha1="kqfelmhbi78ip3b04shb67hgxcrpwgw" xml:space="preserve">'''Ferrivia vaporaria''' ([[Anglice]]: Steam railroad) institutio vecturae cum [[Vaporitraha|traminibus]] per vim [[vapor]]is motuis est.

[[Fasciculus:King George V pulling the Bristolian.JPG|thumb|Museum Ferriviarium [[Swindon]]iae]]
[[Fasciculus:2011-05-01 steam loc energie 507 at Fond-de-Gras station (Luxemburgisch heritage railway Train 1900).jpg|thumb|Locomotiva vaporaria historica luxemburgensis]]
Anno 1804 tramines vaporiariae primum ab machinatore [[Richard Trevithick]] ad usum ferriviae constructae sunt. Vapor in magno tubo ferri de aqua a calore ignis incensis ortus est. Ad [[Ignis|ignem]] in machinas vaporiarias carbo, lignum vel oleum utentur. Vis vaporis per [[Embolus|embolum]] et virgam ad rotas ductus est ad propulsandam traminem super regulas itineris ferriviae. Magnae et fortissimae locomotivae vaporariae usque ad velocitatem 202 chiliometrorum vehunt.&lt;ref&gt;LNER Locomotiva vaporaria A4 Pacific „Mallard“, anno 1938. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023032653/http://www.nrm.org.uk/OurCollection/york-highlights.aspx Situs musei ferriviae Eboraci].&lt;/ref&gt; Apud locomotivas vaporarias spicaria aquae necesse sunt. In multis locis restium linearum aedificia ad suppleandam aquam saepe in forma [[Turris aquae|turrium aquae]] constructae sunt.

[[Fasciculus:GWRwater.jpg|thumb |Conductus aquae ad locomotivam]]
Vehicula ferriviae motris electricis vel [[Benzinum|benzini]]&lt;ref&gt;Id est in forma ''Diesel''.&lt;/ref&gt; motae saeculo 20 vaporitrahas generaliter inutiles faciebant. Paulo post aliquae ferriviae vaporariae noviter qualis [[Monumentum|monumenta]] historiae technicae conservatae sunt (appellatae ''Ferriviae museales''&lt;ref&gt;Prima ferrivia musealis fuit ''Ferrivia Talyllyn'', [[Cambria]]e. Situs publicus: http://www.talyllyn.co.uk/.&lt;/ref&gt;) et in usum [[Periegesis|turistarum]] diriguntur&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nps.gov/stea/index.htm Situs publicus institutionis ''Steamtown'' Pennsilvaniae.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118202836/http://www.steam-museum.org.uk/ Situs musei ferriviarii [[Swindon]]iae].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151027204254/http://steamrailwaylines.co.uk/ Ferriviae vaporariae Britanniae].&lt;/ref&gt;.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Vapor]]
* [[Vaporitraha]]

==Nexus externi==
* [http://about-france.com/scenic-railways.htm Ferriviae historicae Franciae.]
* [http://www.alternatives-wandern.ch/verkehr/nostalgiebahnen.htm Ferriviae vaporariae (et aliae) Helvetiae.]

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

[[Categoria:Ferrivia]]
[[Categoria:Musea technologiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sublimis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>248679</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979570</id>
      <parentid>3903265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T22:10:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Bibliographia */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1392" sha1="466qiv73b43xo7gqxpl9wkxxgklspjp" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Mythen (ganz).JPG|thumb|Mons [[Mythen]], [[Alpes]] quod de notione sublimis loqueri]]
'''Sublimis''' est notio [[aesthetica]]e qui altitudinem vel respectum signat, similis [[pulchritudo|pulchritudine]].

Origo notio est &quot;De sublimi&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[lingua Graeca antiqua|Graece]]: &quot;Περὶ ὕψους&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; a [[Longinus|Longino]]. Et [[Edmundus Burke]] deinde [[Immanuel Kantius]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Critica facultatis iudicandi]], Caput I&lt;/ref&gt; notionem sublimatis quam pulchitudinem aestimavit. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* [[Edmundus Burke|Burke, Edmundus]] (1757). ''A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful''. {{ling|Anglice}}
* [[Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus Hegel|Hegel, Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus]] (1835). ''Vorlesungen über die Ästhetik''. {{ling|Theodisce}}
* [[Immanuel Kantius|Kantius, Immanuel]] (1764). ''Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen''. {{ling|Theodisce}}
* Kantius, Immanuel (1790). ''[[Critica facultatis iudicandi|Kritik der Urteilskraft]]''. {{ling|Theodisce}}
* [[Ioannes Ruskin|Ruskin, Ioannes]]. ''Modern Painters'', Vol. I, 1843; Vol. IV, 1856. {{ling|Anglice}}
* [[Arthurus Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer, Arthurus]] (1818). ''Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung''. {{ling|Theodisce}}

{{philo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Aesthetica]] 
[[Categoria:Philosophia]]

{{Myrias|Philosophia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Huracanum Katrina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>255979</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979497</id>
      <parentid>3051352</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:00:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bartholomite movit paginam [[Procella Katrina]] ad [[Huracanum Katrina]]: latinitas</comment>
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      <text bytes="1226" sha1="3nczxzwc0oe6x2rrxzk7b8nw8l2i7kd" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Katrina-port-sulphur-la-2005.jpg|thumbnail|Prospectus diluvi ex [[helicopterum|helicoptero]]]]
'''Hurricana Katrina''' fuit clades [[Typhon marinus|hurracani]] exitiabilis cum 1,800 mortuorum et omnibus, ut prodidit sedes National Hurricane Center, una ex quinque exitiabilissimarum hurricanorum
&lt;ref name=&quot;andrewtcr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Rappaport, Edward N|author2=National Hurricane Center|date=December 10, 1993|accessdate=January 1, 2013|title=Hurricane Andrew: August 16 – 28|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html|type=Preliminary Report|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; quae huic civitati [[CFA]] per violentiam procellae acciderunt pretiosior et numerata 'Category 3'. Initium  in ea parte super illes [[Insulae Bahamenses|Bahamas]] in  23 Augusti, 2005 et venit inter [[Miami]] et [[Florida]]. Die 29 Augusti [[Ludoviciana]] gravis populata est.

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
http://www.britannica.com/event/Hurricane-Katrina
{{CommuniaCat|Hurricane Katrina|Procella Katrina}}
[[Categoria:2005]]
[[Categoria:Huracana]]

[[Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum]]

[[Categoria:Ludoviciana]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979499</id>
      <parentid>3979497</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:10:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979499</origin>
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      <text bytes="1340" sha1="7znis3823lioyoa0abcyhi2665iaba9" xml:space="preserve">{{latinitas|dubium}}
[[Fasciculus:Katrina-port-sulphur-la-2005.jpg|thumbnail|Prospectus diluvi ex [[helicopterum|helicoptero]]]]
{{res|Hurricanum Katrina}} fuit clades [[Typhon marinus|hurracani]] exitiabilis cum 1,800 mortuorum et omnibus, ut prodidit sedes National Hurricane Center, una ex quinque exitiabilissimarum hurricanorum&lt;ref name=&quot;andrewtcr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Rappaport, Edward N|author2=National Hurricane Center|date=December 10, 1993|accessdate=January 1, 2013|title=Hurricane Andrew: August 16 – 28|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html|type=Preliminary Report|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; quae huic civitati [[CFA]] per violentiam procellae acciderunt pretiosior et numerata 'Category 3'. Initium  in ea parte super illes [[Insulae Bahamenses]] in  23 Augusti, 2005 et venit inter [[Miamia]] et [[Florida]]. Die 29 Augusti [[Ludoviciana]] gravis populata est.

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Hurricane Katrina|hurricanum Katrinam}}
* [http://www.britannica.com/event/Hurricane-Katrina Hurricanum Katrina] apud [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]

{{hist-stipula}}

[[Categoria:2005]]
[[Categoria:Huracana]]
[[Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Ludoviciana]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979528</id>
      <parentid>3979499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:33:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
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      <origin>3979528</origin>
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      <text bytes="1339" sha1="lpybmp05g80bodlwjesb4yzku4y9hw4" xml:space="preserve">{{latinitas|dubium}}
[[Fasciculus:Katrina-port-sulphur-la-2005.jpg|thumbnail|Prospectus diluvi ex [[helicopterum|helicoptero]]]]
{{res|Huracanum Katrina}} fuit clades [[Typhon marinus|hurracani]] exitiabilis cum 1,800 mortuorum et omnibus, ut prodidit sedes National Hurricane Center, una ex quinque exitiabilissimarum hurricanorum&lt;ref name=&quot;andrewtcr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Rappaport, Edward N|author2=National Hurricane Center|date=December 10, 1993|accessdate=January 1, 2013|title=Hurricane Andrew: August 16 – 28|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html|type=Preliminary Report|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; quae huic civitati [[CFA]] per violentiam procellae acciderunt pretiosior et numerata 'Category 3'. Initium  in ea parte super illes [[Insulae Bahamenses]] in  23 Augusti, 2005 et venit inter [[Miamia]] et [[Florida]]. Die 29 Augusti [[Ludoviciana]] gravis populata est.

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Hurricane Katrina|hurricanum Katrinam}}
* [http://www.britannica.com/event/Hurricane-Katrina Hurricanum Katrina] apud [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]

{{hist-stipula}}

[[Categoria:2005]]
[[Categoria:Huracana]]
[[Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Ludoviciana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Typhon Katrina</title>
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    <redirect title="Huracanum Katrina" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979558</id>
      <parentid>3048222</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:54:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[Procella Katrina]] to [[Huracanum Katrina]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="31" sha1="gd052jj9wzzzilwxhsl7ih8uy6wow8g" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Huracanum Katrina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Genus conchatum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>256849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979593</id>
      <parentid>3922665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:21:28Z</timestamp>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1085" sha1="5hugwyvgipc2jzeo649bts3gjswzgui" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ottobeuren-basilika flickr-2.jpg|thumb|Basilica [[Ottobura]]e, anni 1750]] '''Genus conchatum'''&lt;ref&gt;Helfer, Christian: ''Lexicon Auxiliare'', Saarbrücken 1985, p. 341.&lt;/ref&gt; est motus ratiove artis multiplex quae linguis vernaculis multis ''rococo'' vocatur.

[[Etymologia]] ducitur a [[lingua Francogallica]], nempe a verbis ''roc, rocaille,'' quae [[saxum|saxosa]] significant. Revera in [[Francia]] istud genus natum est, quod evolutionem a [[Barocus|genere Baroco]] duxit. Propriae sunt formae ornamentalissimae et volutarum dilectio. Videtur in [[architectura]], in [[supellex|supellectilibus]], in artificiis minutis, in [[pictura]].  

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Neoclassicismus]]

== Externi nexus ==
{{Commonscat|Rococo art|Genus conchatum}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20160314221016/http://www.bergerfoundation.ch/Vertige/english/distinction_dev.html De discrimine inter genus Barocum et genus conchatum] explicatio in pagina Helvetica

[[Categoria:Genera artis]]
[[Categoria:Historia artis]]

{{Myrias|Ars}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2016</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>257369</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
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      <comment>de terrae motu Kumamoto anni 2026</comment>
      <origin>3979618</origin>
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      <text bytes="1419" sha1="fx3vyk1oeo8vi2j6bybda7prhesq1cz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Japan Shakemap April 2016.jpg|thumb|Conditio terrae motu Kumamoto die [[14 Aprilis]] 2016]]
[[Fasciculus:Japan Shakemap 15 April 2016.jpg|thumb|Conditio terrae motu die [[16 Aprilis]] (tempore Iaponiae) 2016]]
'''Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2016''' est [[terrae motus]] quae regionem Kumamoto, [[mons Aso|Aso]] et Ōitka [[Ximum|Ximi]] primum die [[14 Aprilis]] anno [[2016]] cuius [[Scala Richteriana|magnitudo]] fuit 6.5, deinde die [[16 Aprilis]] 2016&lt;ref&gt;Eadem die [[Terrae motus Aequatoriae anni 2016]] parit.&lt;/ref&gt; cuius magnitudo fuit 7.5 quod [[calamitas|calamitatem]] pessimam in historia Ximi dedit et vice-moti terrae plus magnitudine 2 sunt puls quam 800 adhuc hodie sunt.

Terrae motu hic, 48 homines mortui et plus 3,00 homines vulnerati sunt et circa 48000 homines in refugio [[domo carens|sine domo]] vivere cogentur.&lt;ref&gt;Et homines qui [[autocinetum|autocineto]] vivere et multi [[vestimenta]] idonea, [[sanitatis cura]] et [[ius digitale|Interrete]] careant.&lt;/ref&gt; Et [[castellum mediaevale]] Kumamoto, symbolum [[urbs|urbis]] Kumamoto et multi [[aedificium|aedificia]] et [[infrastructura]]e (de [[aqua]], [[electricitas|electoritatis]], et [[gas]]o) destructae sunt. 

{{NexInt}}
*[[Circulus Ignis Pacificus]]
*[[Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026]]

== Nota ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

[[Categoria:Historia Iaponiae]]
[[Categoria:Terrae motus]]
[[Categoria:2016]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Domus Bismarckiana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>263297</id>
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      <id>3979397</id>
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      <text bytes="2537" sha1="87cpadcfwajfpmewrp2qy24zbhkcc8g" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Bismarck memorial.jpg|thumb|Domus Bismarckiana et [[statua]] cancellarii.]] 
'''Domus Bismarckiana'''&lt;ref&gt;Adiectivum hoc in arte botanica usurpatur ut [http://flora.org.il/en/plants/iribis/ hic videri potest.]&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Bismarckhaus'') perpulchra mediae [[Erfordia]]e [[domus]], sita est in via Anger numero 33. Tempore [[Res publica democratica Germanica|Rei publicae democraticae Germanicae]] domus pars fabricae vestimentorum fuit.&lt;ref&gt;De hoc narratur  [https://www.yelp.de/biz/bismarck-haus-erfurt apud yelp.de]{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descriptio ==
[[Genus florale|Generis floralis]] [[aedificium]] quoddam Erfordiense vocatur Domus Bismarckiana. Terminata est eius constructio anno 1900 ichnographiis architecti Erfordiensis Rudolphi Walter usurpatis. Attamen [[Otho de Bismarck]] ipse vixit in casa anteriori, cui erat nomen ''Haus Zum Tannenberge und Zum Grünen Löwen''.

Frons in pedeplaniis necnon tabulati primi una magna fenestra tegitur, cum superior frons est clausa cum pinnaculo et fastigium ad latus.

==Mora domni Bismarck Erfordiae et monumenti gravitudo==
Hic Bismarck mensibus Martio Aprilique anni [[1850]] degit. Senator fuit tunc in [[Parlamentum Erfordiense|Parlamento Erfordiensi]] quorum membra conveniebant in [[Coenobium Augustinianorum (Erfordia)|Coenobio Augustinianorum]]. Tabula commemorans in fronte effatum quoddam Bismarckianum reddit: ''In Erfurt habe ich mir meine diplomatischen Sporen verdient.'' Quae sententia Latine ita convertatur: ''Erfordiae diplomatica didici.'' Sublineatur monumentum hoc Erfordiense - i.e. statua cancellarii ante habitationem - utique excellere inter alia monumenta Bismarckiana propter diversitatem: nam pluries agi de turribus Bismarckianis, cum hic de iuveni politico quodam memoria tradatur.&lt;ref&gt;Anette Huber-Kemmesies, [http://www.erfurt-lese.de/index.php?article_id=11116 ''Des Reichskanzlers diplomatische Spuren'' apud erfurt-lese.de]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Statuae perditio==
Statua prima Bismarckium demonstrans anno [[1945]] a [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticis]] abdita erat. Statua amissa [[Christianus Paschold]] novam aeream fecit, quae magnitudinem humanam superavit. Pecuniam pro hoc collegit Sodalitas amicorum [[turris Bismarckiana|turris Bismarckianae]] Erfordiensis. Inauguratio eius facta est anno 2004, cum princeps Ferdinandus de Bismarck adesset, ipse e stirpe Othonis cancellarii.

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

[[Categoria:Aedificia Erfordiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Heroologia Anglica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>264031</id>
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      <id>3979623</id>
      <parentid>3972296</parentid>
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      <text bytes="1348" sha1="3dib5w5b7rwj4bli3vcqvl17rhl5juv" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Heroologia Anglica tp.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Titulus operis]]
'''''Herωologia Anglica'''''&lt;ref&gt;Sic littera [[omega]] in titulo scripta: in bibliographiis saepius &quot;Heroologia&quot; aut &quot;Herōologia&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; est vitarum brevium Latine scriptarum series, chalcographiis a [[Magdalena Passaea|Magdalena]] et [[Wilhelmus Passaeus|Gulielmo]] Passaeis factis, textu ab [[Henricus Hollandus|Henrico Hollando]] [[Londinium|Londiniensi]] scripto et edito. Liber anno [[1620]] duobus voluminibus [[Arnhemium|Arnhemii]] divulgatus est impensis [[Crispianus Passaeus|Crispini Passaei]] (pictorum pater) et Iansonii bibliopolae.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Heroologia Anglica|Heroologiam Anglicam}}
* [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009486511 Textus et imagines] apud ''Internet Archive''
* [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100242597 Textus et imagines] apud ''Hathi Trust''
* [https://bnedigital.bne.es/bd/card?oid=0000010544&amp;site=bdh Imagines]{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud ''Biblioteca Digital Hispánica''

[[Categoria:Scripta 1620]]
[[Categoria:Angliae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]]
[[Categoria:Libri biographici]]
[[Categoria:Libri picti]]
[[Categoria:Nederlandiae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Historia Angliae]]</text>
      <sha1>3dib5w5b7rwj4bli3vcqvl17rhl5juv</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Vetha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>267449</id>
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      <id>3979436</id>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="2453" sha1="luw63yzws7cdzdvg36uag77k61koikl" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in VEC.svg|200px|right|Communia in circulo Vetha]]
'''Circulus Vetha'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Vechta''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Fächt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Vechte''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1814]] conditus est.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager huius circuli ab anno [[1252]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|principatum episcopatus Monasterium]] pertinuit. Anno [[1801]] copiae [[Borussia]]e invaserunt. Anno [[1803]] pars [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis]] factus est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1814]] [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] eam regionem usurpavit. Anno [[1814]] magistratus Vethae conditus et anno [[1939]] circulus Vetha nominatus est. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1974]] circulus Vetha fines hodiernas accepit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli:

* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; (6123 incolae)
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme''), urbs (16.872)
* [[Dinklage]], oppidum (12.914)
* [[Goldenstedt]] (9572)
* [[Holdorf]] (6816)
* [[Lohne]], oppidum (26.060)
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] (8392)
* [[Steinfeld]] (9903)
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;, caput circuli (31.558)
* [[Visbek]] (9656)

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Landkreis Vechta|Circulum Vetham}}
* [http://www.landkreis-vechta.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vechta circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1814]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Foederatio Esperantica Austriaca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>270862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979510</id>
      <parentid>3826466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T19:19:20Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Juvavum</username>
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      <text bytes="2906" sha1="ptrllgfmm9ewpkughtr1870h70tshv3" xml:space="preserve">'''Foederatio Esperantica Austriaca''' (Esperantice: ''Aŭstria Esperanto-Federacio'', compendiarie AEF, Theodisce: ''Österreichischer Esperanto-Verband'') fundata est anno 1936. Sedes eius [[Vindobona]]e est. Agitur de officiali associatione nationale [[Austria]]e apud [[Universalis Societas Esperantica|Universalem Societatem Esperanticam]].

==Scopus et periodica==
Associationis participibus in animo est ut [[lingua Esperantica]] in Austria magis colatur. Editio prima periodici officialis praetitulati ''Aŭstria Esperanto-Revuo'' (AER) mense Augusto 1946 in lucem prolata est, ultima autem mense Decembri 2000. Nunc periodicum officiale [[Associatio Esperantica Germanica|Associationis Esperanticae Germanicae]] singulas paginas Austriacis reservat.

==Historia== 
Sodalitas Esperantica [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|Imperii Austro-Hungarici]] totius prima [[Bruna]]e anno 1901 condita est. Annis 1920 vita esperantistarum floruit in societatibus variis (e.g. catholicorum, operariorum, democraticorum socialium). 

Anno 1934 gubernium [[engelbertus Dollfuß|Engelberti Dollfuß]] sodalitatem ALLE (Aŭstria Laborista Ligo Esperantista, i.e. gremium esperantistarum operariorum) interdici iussit. Nonnulli sodales tamen laborem continuabant (ducibus Glüxmann, Berdan, Grimme, Zodel, Scheibenreiter; Scheibenreiter vel commentarios praetitulatos ''Verda Revuo'' initiaverat). Anno 1936 condita est AEF, quae foederatio princeps in Austria facta est. Eodem anno congressus universalis XXVIII in Austriae capite actus est. Festum cum ballatione autem praeparatum in mensem Martium 1938 propter occupationem Germanicam non celebratum est. 

Dictatura catholica Austriaca annis a 1934 ad 1938 linguam Esperanticam valde subtenebat (e.g. [[Hugo Steiner]] mandatum habuit, ut praeconia pro politica Austriaca in terris peregrinis lingua Esperantica fierent). Museum Esperanticum maximi momenti Vindobonense ''(Esperanto-muzeo Vieno)'' iam anno 1927 portas patefecerat.

Clandestini esperantistae etiam tempore infelici [[nazismus|Nazismi]] facem Esperanticam in altum tollebant. Die 5 Octobris 1945 Institutum Esperanticum Austriacum conditum est necnon bibliopolium Tramondo. Eodem anno in aula Schubert domus symphoniacae hora festiva sollemniter facta est sub argumento &quot;Vieno, la ponto inter oriento kaj okcidento&quot; (Vindobona, pons inter orientem et occidentem). Festum [[ludovicus Lazarus Zamenhof|Zamenhofianum]] postbellicum primum die 16 Decembris fuit.

Periodicum sodalitatis AEF novum sub titulo ''Informilo'' inde a die 31 Decembris 1946 apparuit quod initio fuit actionum multarum potissimarum foederationis Austriacae. Fructus laboris optimi congressus universalis LV anno 1970 Vindobonae celebratus videtur.

== Nexus externi==
* [https://www.esperanto.at Situs proprius cum historia motionis]

 
[[categoria:Societates linguisticae]]
[[categoria:Austria]]
[[categoria:Lingua Esperantica]]</text>
      <sha1>ptrllgfmm9ewpkughtr1870h70tshv3</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Opioides</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>274001</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979416</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:21:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3979416</origin>
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      <text bytes="1232" sha1="sh9ijzgpxn258wzm1b4dn9poug6g0u2" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}

{{cautio}}

[[Fasciculus:Morphin - Morphine.svg|thumb|[[Morphina]] est substantia opioidorum.]]

{{Res|Opioides}}&lt;ref name=&quot;oides-oidia&quot;&gt;De nomine latino {{*cf}} “Perturbationes mentis et modi se gerendi ex usu {{Lectio|opioidum}}” [https://r10.risteys.finregistry.fi/endpoints/F5_OPIOIDS hic] et [https://www.finngen.fi/sites/default/files/inline-files/FINNGEN_ENDPOINTS_DF8_Final_2021-10-08_public.xlsx hic] &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; word-spacing: -0.4em;&quot;&gt;'''&amp;#91;XLSX&amp;#93;'''&lt;/span&gt;. Etiam vide: [[Alcaloides]] et suffixum {{wikten|-oides}} apud [[Victionarium]] Anglicum.&lt;/ref&gt; (s. opioides {{pns|is|m|opioides}}, g. pl. opioidum) sive fortasse {{Res|opioidia}}&lt;ref name=&quot;oides-oidia&quot; /&gt; (s. opioides {{pns|is|n}}, g. pl. opioidium) sunt substantiae [[medicamentum|medicamenti]] structuris chemicae diversis per [[receptorium opioidum|receptoria opioidum]] antagonistae perficientes, sicut [[morphina]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Algologia]]
* [[Dolor]]
* [[Neuroscientia]]
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Opium]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm Praescriptio opioidum contra dolorem chronicum]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Analgetica]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Directivitas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1655" sha1="fn4gzd8lzzcn7skqnvoc9exfrely6nl" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Sidelobes en.svg|thumb|Diagramma directivitatis.]]
'''Directivitas'''{{FD ref}} in [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetica]] est parameter [[antenna (radiophonia)|antennae]] vel [[systema opticum|systematis optici]] quod gradum metitur ad quem [[radiatio]] in unam partem emissa contrahitur. Ergo [[densitas potentiae|densitatem potentiae]] quam antenna radiat in partem eius emissionis fortissimae metitur, contra densitatem potentiae a perfecto [[radiator isotropicus|radiatore isotropico]] radiatam (quae aequabiliter in omnes partes emittit), qui eandem potentiam radiat.

Directivitas antennae est elementum sui [[lucrum antennae|lucri]]&lt;!--?gain--&gt;; aliud elementum est [[efficientia antennae|efficientia electrica]]. Directivitas est mensura magni momenti quia multae antennae et systemata optica designantur ut [[unda electromagnetica|undas electromagneticas]] in unam partem vel per [[angulus|angulum]] angustum radient. Directivitas etiam pro antenna undas electromagneticas accipiente definitur, cuius directivitas accipiendo eius directivitatem transmittendo aequat.

Directivitas verae antennae a 1.76 dBi in [[dipolus|dipolo brevi]] ad 50 dBi in magna [[antenna patinaria]]&lt;!--dish antenna--&gt; variare potest.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130312112156/http://www.antenna-theory.com/basics/directivity.php Directivity,] ''Antenna Theory.''&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Coleman, Christopher. [[2004]]. ''An Introduction to Radio Frequency Engineering.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83481-3.

{{stipula}}

[[Categoria:Antennae (radiophonia)]]
[[Categoria:Electronica radiophonica]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alcaloides</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>280515</id>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
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      <comment>+“sphaeroides” in Vitruvii libris De architectura</comment>
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      <text bytes="5076" sha1="f4dhkan0kfd464lpvlispfdtofdybaj" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}

[[Fasciculus:Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg|thumb|Anno [[1804]], primus alcaloides [[morphina]]e ex [[papaver somniferum|papavere somnifero]] extractus est.]]

{{res|Alcaloīdēs}} (nom. sing. alcaloides, {{pns|is|m|alcaloīdēs}}; g. pl. alcaloīdum)&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. “{{omissis}} lipoides, {{lectio|alcaloides}}, carboidrata et tandem proteinae, quae sunt precipua componentia substantiae viventis”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Selvaggi
	| nomen = Philippus
	| titulus = Cosmologia
	| annus = 1959
	| pagina = 278
	| locus = [[Roma]]e
	| domus editoria = [[Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana]]
	| url = https://archive.org/details/COSMOLOGIA_201704/page/n139/mode/2up?view=theater
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brandis
	| nomen = Dietrich
	| titulus = De alcaloidum hydrocyanetis, imprimis duplicibus
	| annus = 1848
	| locus = [[Bonna|Bonnae]]
	| domus editoria = Typis Caroli et Friderici Krüger
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-oeDtgEACAAJ
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Kraakman
	| nomen = Jacobus Petrus
	| titulus = Dissertatio toxicologico-medica, quaedam de narcoticis in genere continens et de opio in specie
	| annus = 1845
	| pagina = 20
	| locus = [[Alcmaria]]e
	| domus editoria = H. J. van Vloten
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BaVlAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA20&amp;lpg=PA20
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Engel
	| nomen = Joh. Wilhelm
	| titulus = Symbolae quaedam ad cognitionem remediorum amarorum pertinentes: Specimen acad. resp. Maur. Forss, Nyland
	| annus = 1849
	| pagina = 6
	| locus = [[Helsingforsia]]e
	| domus editoria = Frenckell
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VIVPAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA6&amp;lpg=RA1-PA6
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = Utrechtsche Hoogeschool
	| titulus = Annales Academiae Rheno-Trajectinae
	| annus = 1827
	| pagina = 30
	| locus = [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Traiecti ad Rhenum]]
	| domus editoria = J. Altheer
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uiYGAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA30&amp;lpg=RA2-PA30
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = {{Vvaa}}
	| titulus = Paradigm of alcaloides (noun)
	| domus editoria = Numen - The Latin Lexicon
	| url = https://latinlexicon.org/paradigms.php?p1=4000114
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide etiam {{wikten|-oides}}: eadem suffixo, adiectivum “sphaeroīdes” iam in [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|Vitruvii]] libris {{Op|[[De architectura (Vitruvius)|De architectura]]}} {{Vf|De architectura/Liber VIII|Caput Quintum|invenitur}}.&lt;/ref&gt; vel interdum {{res|alcaloīdia}} (nom. sing. alcaloides, {{pns|is|n}}; g. pl. alcaloidium)&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. “{{omissis}} igitur {{lectio|alcaloidia}} in plantis conjuncta acidis vegetalibus {{omissis}}”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Pachl
	| nomen = Johannes
	| titulus = De alcaloidibus
	| annus = 1841
	| pagina = 9
	| locus = [[Patavium|Patavii]]
	| domus editoria = Penada
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yXFQAAAAcAAJ
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''steroīdes, {{pns|i|n}}'' (vocabulum eodem suffixo), apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Berard
	| nomen = Stephanus
	| titulus = Index locutionum novarum difficiliumque
	| annus = 2018
	| domus editoria = Cataractae (thesauro Interretiali operum ab auctoribus Latinis modernis conditorum)
	| url = https://boreoccidentales.com/latine/cataracta/auctore-berard/capti/index-locutionum.html
	| tempus inspectionis = 2023-04-14
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Raro etiam ''alcaloidea'' (nom. sing. ''alcaloideum'', ''{{pns|ei|n}}''), ex [[adiectivum|adiectivo]] ''alcaloideus, {{pna|ea|eum}}''. {{*Cf}} {{Opus
	| auctor = Pal I Kovacs
	| titulus = Dissertatio {{omissis}} sistens alcaloidea et acida plantarum roborantium
	| annus = 1837
	| locus = [[Pestinum|Pestini]]
	| domus editoria = Trattner
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PlFTAAAAcAAJ
}}. De [[suffixum|suffixo]] ''-oidea'', vide {{Wikten|-oidea|paginam apud Victionarium Anglicum|}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sunt [[compositum chemicum|composita chemica]] [[chemia organica|organica]] plerumque ex [[atomus|atomis]] [[nitrogenium|nitrogenii]] [[basis (chemia)|basium]] constituta, quamquam aliquot alcaloidibus etiam proprietates [[acidum|acidicae]] vel neutrales sunt.&lt;ref&gt;''IUPAC goldbook'': [http://goldbook.iupac.org/html/A/A00220.html de alcaloidibus] {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Praeterea, ut in compositis aliis organicis, [[carbonium]], [[hydrogenium]], etiam [[oxygenium]] [[sulphur]]que, rarius [[chlorum]], [[bromium]], [[phosphorus]] inveniuntur.

Multi [[organismus|organismi]], ut [[metabolismus|metabolismo]] [[plantae|plantarum]], [[fungi|fungorum]], [[bacteria|bacteriorum]], [[animales|animalium]], alcaloides generant. Effectus eorum multipliciter sunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Aniszewski, Tadeusz. [[2007]]. ''Alkaloids: secrets of life.'' Amstelodami: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52736-3.
*Begley, Tadhg P. [[2009]]. ''Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology,'' 1569–70. Novi Eboraci: Wiley. {{doi|10.1002/cbic.200900262}}. ISBN 978-0-471-75477-0.
*Brossi, Arnold. [[1989]]. ''The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology.'' Academic Press.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Robertus Robinson]]

[[Categoria:Alcaloides|!]]
[[Categoria:Composita organica]]
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg|thumb|Anno [[1804]], primus alcaloides [[morphina]]e ex [[papaver somniferum|papavere somnifero]] extractus est.]]

{{res|Alcaloīdēs}} (nom. sing. alcaloides, {{pns|is|m|alcaloīdēs}}; g. pl. alcaloīdum)&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. “{{omissis}} lipoides, {{lectio|alcaloides}}, carboidrata et tandem proteinae, quae sunt precipua componentia substantiae viventis”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Selvaggi
	| nomen = Philippus
	| titulus = Cosmologia
	| annus = 1959
	| pagina = 278
	| locus = [[Roma]]e
	| domus editoria = [[Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana]]
	| url = https://archive.org/details/COSMOLOGIA_201704/page/n139/mode/2up?view=theater
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brandis
	| nomen = Dietrich
	| titulus = De alcaloidum hydrocyanetis, imprimis duplicibus
	| annus = 1848
	| locus = [[Bonna|Bonnae]]
	| domus editoria = Typis Caroli et Friderici Krüger
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-oeDtgEACAAJ
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Kraakman
	| nomen = Jacobus Petrus
	| titulus = Dissertatio toxicologico-medica, quaedam de narcoticis in genere continens et de opio in specie
	| annus = 1845
	| pagina = 20
	| locus = [[Alcmaria]]e
	| domus editoria = H. J. van Vloten
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BaVlAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA20&amp;lpg=PA20
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Engel
	| nomen = Joh. Wilhelm
	| titulus = Symbolae quaedam ad cognitionem remediorum amarorum pertinentes: Specimen acad. resp. Maur. Forss, Nyland
	| annus = 1849
	| pagina = 6
	| locus = [[Helsingforsia]]e
	| domus editoria = Frenckell
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VIVPAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA6&amp;lpg=RA1-PA6
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| omnes auctores aliique = Utrechtsche Hoogeschool
	| titulus = Annales Academiae Rheno-Trajectinae
	| annus = 1827
	| pagina = 30
	| locus = [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Traiecti ad Rhenum]]
	| domus editoria = J. Altheer
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uiYGAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA30&amp;lpg=RA2-PA30
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = {{Vvaa}}
	| titulus = Paradigm of alcaloides (noun)
	| domus editoria = Numen - The Latin Lexicon
	| url = https://latinlexicon.org/paradigms.php?p1=4000114
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=Vide etiam {{wikten|-oides}}: eadem suffixo, adiectivum “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|sphaeroides|sphaeroīdēs|en|qid=Q208395}}” iam in [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|Vitruvii]] libris {{Op|[[De architectura (Vitruvius)|De architectura]]}} {{Vf|De architectura/Liber VIII|Caput Quintum|invenitur}}.|2=Q208395}} vel interdum {{res|alcaloīdia}} (nom. sing. alcaloides, {{pns|is|n}}; g. pl. alcaloidium)&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. “{{omissis}} igitur {{lectio|alcaloidia}} in plantis conjuncta acidis vegetalibus {{omissis}}”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Pachl
	| nomen = Johannes
	| titulus = De alcaloidibus
	| annus = 1841
	| pagina = 9
	| locus = [[Patavium|Patavii]]
	| domus editoria = Penada
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yXFQAAAAcAAJ
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''steroīdes, {{pns|i|n}}'' (vocabulum eodem suffixo), apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Berard
	| nomen = Stephanus
	| titulus = Index locutionum novarum difficiliumque
	| annus = 2018
	| domus editoria = Cataractae (thesauro Interretiali operum ab auctoribus Latinis modernis conditorum)
	| url = https://boreoccidentales.com/latine/cataracta/auctore-berard/capti/index-locutionum.html
	| tempus inspectionis = 2023-04-14
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Raro etiam ''alcaloidea'' (nom. sing. ''alcaloideum'', ''{{pns|ei|n}}''), ex [[adiectivum|adiectivo]] ''alcaloideus, {{pna|ea|eum}}''. {{*Cf}} {{Opus
	| auctor = Pal I Kovacs
	| titulus = Dissertatio {{omissis}} sistens alcaloidea et acida plantarum roborantium
	| annus = 1837
	| locus = [[Pestinum|Pestini]]
	| domus editoria = Trattner
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PlFTAAAAcAAJ
}}. De [[suffixum|suffixo]] ''-oidea'', vide {{Wikten|-oidea|paginam apud Victionarium Anglicum|}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sunt [[compositum chemicum|composita chemica]] [[chemia organica|organica]] plerumque ex [[atomus|atomis]] [[nitrogenium|nitrogenii]] [[basis (chemia)|basium]] constituta, quamquam aliquot alcaloidibus etiam proprietates [[acidum|acidicae]] vel neutrales sunt.&lt;ref&gt;''IUPAC goldbook'': [http://goldbook.iupac.org/html/A/A00220.html de alcaloidibus] {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Praeterea, ut in compositis aliis organicis, [[carbonium]], [[hydrogenium]], etiam [[oxygenium]] [[sulphur]]que, rarius [[chlorum]], [[bromium]], [[phosphorus]] inveniuntur.

Multi [[organismus|organismi]], ut [[metabolismus|metabolismo]] [[plantae|plantarum]], [[fungi|fungorum]], [[bacteria|bacteriorum]], [[animales|animalium]], alcaloides generant. Effectus eorum multipliciter sunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Aniszewski, Tadeusz. [[2007]]. ''Alkaloids: secrets of life.'' Amstelodami: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52736-3.
*Begley, Tadhg P. [[2009]]. ''Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology,'' 1569–70. Novi Eboraci: Wiley. {{doi|10.1002/cbic.200900262}}. ISBN 978-0-471-75477-0.
*Brossi, Arnold. [[1989]]. ''The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology.'' Academic Press.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Robertus Robinson]]

[[Categoria:Alcaloides|!]]
[[Categoria:Composita organica]]
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5220" sha1="hs1ot6im0l5vatka8i5b2lc1e9rdvvm" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}

[[Fasciculus:Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg|thumb|Anno [[1804]], primus alcaloides [[morphina]]e ex [[papaver somniferum|papavere somnifero]] extractus est.]]

{{res|Alcaloīdēs}} (nom. sing. alcaloīdēs, {{pns|is|m|alcaloīdēs}}; g. pl. alcaloīdum)&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. “{{omissis}} lipoides, {{lectio|alcaloides}}, carboidrata et tandem proteinae, quae sunt precipua componentia substantiae viventis”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Selvaggi
	| nomen = Philippus
	| titulus = Cosmologia
	| annus = 1959
	| pagina = 278
	| locus = [[Roma]]e
	| domus editoria = [[Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana]]
	| url = https://archive.org/details/COSMOLOGIA_201704/page/n139/mode/2up?view=theater
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brandis
	| nomen = Dietrich
	| titulus = De alcaloidum hydrocyanetis, imprimis duplicibus
	| annus = 1848
	| locus = [[Bonna|Bonnae]]
	| domus editoria = Typis Caroli et Friderici Krüger
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-oeDtgEACAAJ
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Kraakman
	| nomen = Jacobus Petrus
	| titulus = Dissertatio toxicologico-medica, quaedam de narcoticis in genere continens et de opio in specie
	| annus = 1845
	| pagina = 20
	| locus = [[Alcmaria]]e
	| domus editoria = H. J. van Vloten
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BaVlAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA20&amp;lpg=PA20
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Engel
	| nomen = Joh. Wilhelm
	| titulus = Symbolae quaedam ad cognitionem remediorum amarorum pertinentes: Specimen acad. resp. Maur. Forss, Nyland
	| annus = 1849
	| pagina = 6
	| locus = [[Helsingforsia]]e
	| domus editoria = Frenckell
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VIVPAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA6&amp;lpg=RA1-PA6
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| omnes auctores aliique = Utrechtsche Hoogeschool
	| titulus = Annales Academiae Rheno-Trajectinae
	| annus = 1827
	| pagina = 30
	| locus = [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Traiecti ad Rhenum]]
	| domus editoria = J. Altheer
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uiYGAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA30&amp;lpg=RA2-PA30
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = {{Vvaa}}
	| titulus = Paradigm of alcaloides (noun)
	| domus editoria = Numen - The Latin Lexicon
	| url = https://latinlexicon.org/paradigms.php?p1=4000114
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=Vide etiam {{wikten|-oides}}: eadem suffixo, adiectivum “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|sphaeroides|sphaeroīdēs|en|qid=Q208395}}” iam in [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|Vitruvii]] libris {{Op|[[De architectura (Vitruvius)|De architectura]]}} {{Vf|De architectura/Liber VIII|Caput Quintum|invenitur}}.|2=Q208395}} vel interdum {{res|alcaloīdia}} (nom. sing. alcaloīdēs, {{pns|is|n}}; g. pl. alcaloīdium)&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. “{{omissis}} igitur {{lectio|alcaloidia}} in plantis conjuncta acidis vegetalibus {{omissis}}”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Pachl
	| nomen = Johannes
	| titulus = De alcaloidibus
	| annus = 1841
	| pagina = 9
	| locus = [[Patavium|Patavii]]
	| domus editoria = Penada
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yXFQAAAAcAAJ
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''steroīdes, {{pns|i|n}}'' (vocabulum eodem suffixo), apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Berard
	| nomen = Stephanus
	| titulus = Index locutionum novarum difficiliumque
	| annus = 2018
	| domus editoria = Cataractae (thesauro Interretiali operum ab auctoribus Latinis modernis conditorum)
	| url = https://boreoccidentales.com/latine/cataracta/auctore-berard/capti/index-locutionum.html
	| tempus inspectionis = 2023-04-14
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Raro etiam ''alcaloidea'' (nom. sing. ''alcaloideum'', ''{{pns|ei|n}}''), ex [[adiectivum|adiectivo]] ''alcaloideus, {{pna|ea|eum}}''. {{*Cf}} {{Opus
	| auctor = Pal I Kovacs
	| titulus = Dissertatio {{omissis}} sistens alcaloidea et acida plantarum roborantium
	| annus = 1837
	| locus = [[Pestinum|Pestini]]
	| domus editoria = Trattner
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PlFTAAAAcAAJ
}}. De [[suffixum|suffixo]] ''-oidea'', vide {{Wikten|-oidea|paginam apud Victionarium Anglicum|}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sunt [[compositum chemicum|composita chemica]] [[chemia organica|organica]] quae saltem unam [[atomus|atomum]] [[nitrogenium|nitrogenii]] habent, plerumque [[basis (chemia)|basica]], etiamsi nonnulli alcaloides [[acidum|acidici]] aut neutrales esse possunt.&lt;ref&gt;''IUPAC goldbook'': [http://goldbook.iupac.org/html/A/A00220.html de alcaloidibus] {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Praeterea, ut in compositis aliis organicis, [[carbonium]], [[hydrogenium]], etiam [[oxygenium]] [[sulphur]]que, rarius [[chlorum]], [[bromium]], [[phosphorus]] inveniuntur.

Multi [[organismus|organismi]], ut [[metabolismus|metabolismo]] [[plantae|plantarum]], [[fungi|fungorum]], [[bacteria|bacteriorum]], [[animales|animalium]], alcaloides generant. Effectus eorum multipliciter sunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
*Aniszewski, Tadeusz. [[2007]]. ''Alkaloids: secrets of life.'' Amstelodami: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52736-3.
*Begley, Tadhg P. [[2009]]. ''Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology,'' 1569–70. Novi Eboraci: Wiley. {{doi|10.1002/cbic.200900262}}. ISBN 978-0-471-75477-0.
*Brossi, Arnold. [[1989]]. ''The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology.'' Academic Press.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Robertus Robinson]]

[[Categoria:Alcaloides|!]]
[[Categoria:Composita organica]]
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg|thumb|Anno [[1804]], primus alcaloides [[morphina]]e ex [[papaver somniferum|papavere somnifero]] extractus est.]]

{{res|Alcaloīdēs}} (nom. sing. alcaloīdēs, {{pns|is|m|alcaloīdēs}}; g. pl. alcaloīdum)&lt;ref&gt;{{*Cfr}} “{{omissis}} lipoides, {{lectio|alcaloides}}, carboidrata et tandem proteinae, quae sunt precipua componentia substantiae viventis”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Selvaggi
	| nomen = Philippus
	| titulus = Cosmologia
	| annus = 1959
	| pagina = 278
	| locus = [[Roma]]e
	| domus editoria = [[Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana]]
	| url = https://archive.org/details/COSMOLOGIA_201704/page/n139/mode/2up?view=theater
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brandis
	| nomen = Dietrich
	| titulus = De alcaloidum hydrocyanetis, imprimis duplicibus
	| annus = 1848
	| locus = [[Bonna|Bonnae]]
	| domus editoria = Typis Caroli et Friderici Krüger
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-oeDtgEACAAJ
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Kraakman
	| nomen = Jacobus Petrus
	| titulus = Dissertatio toxicologico-medica, quaedam de narcoticis in genere continens et de opio in specie
	| annus = 1845
	| pagina = 20
	| locus = [[Alcmaria]]e
	| domus editoria = H. J. van Vloten
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BaVlAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA20&amp;lpg=PA20
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Engel
	| nomen = Joh. Wilhelm
	| titulus = Symbolae quaedam ad cognitionem remediorum amarorum pertinentes: Specimen acad. resp. Maur. Forss, Nyland
	| annus = 1849
	| pagina = 6
	| locus = [[Helsingforsia]]e
	| domus editoria = Frenckell
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VIVPAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA6&amp;lpg=RA1-PA6
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| omnes auctores aliique = Utrechtsche Hoogeschool
	| titulus = Annales Academiae Rheno-Trajectinae
	| annus = 1827
	| pagina = 30
	| locus = [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Traiecti ad Rhenum]]
	| domus editoria = J. Altheer
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uiYGAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA30&amp;lpg=RA2-PA30
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = {{Vvaa}}
	| titulus = Paradigm of alcaloides (noun)
	| domus editoria = Numen - The Latin Lexicon
	| url = https://latinlexicon.org/paradigms.php?p1=4000114
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=Vide etiam {{wikten|-oides}}: eadem suffixo, adiectivum “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|sphaeroides|sphaeroīdēs|en|qid=Q208395}}” iam in [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|Vitruvii]] libris {{Op|[[De architectura (Vitruvius)|De architectura]]}} {{Vf|De architectura/Liber VIII|Caput Quintum|invenitur}}.|2=Q208395}} vel interdum {{res|alcaloīdia}} (nom. sing. alcaloīdēs, {{pns|is|n}}; g. pl. alcaloīdium)&lt;ref&gt;{{*Cfr}} “{{omissis}} igitur {{lectio|alcaloidia}} in plantis conjuncta acidis vegetalibus {{omissis}}”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Pachl
	| nomen = Johannes
	| titulus = De alcaloidibus
	| annus = 1841
	| pagina = 9
	| locus = [[Patavium|Patavii]]
	| domus editoria = Penada
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yXFQAAAAcAAJ
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''steroīdes, {{pns|i|n}}'' (vocabulum eodem suffixo), apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Berard
	| nomen = Stephanus
	| titulus = Index locutionum novarum difficiliumque
	| annus = 2018
	| domus editoria = Cataractae (thesauro Interretiali operum ab auctoribus Latinis modernis conditorum)
	| url = https://boreoccidentales.com/latine/cataracta/auctore-berard/capti/index-locutionum.html
	| tempus inspectionis = 2023-04-14
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Raro etiam ''alcaloidea'' (nom. sing. ''alcaloideum'', ''{{pns|ei|n}}''), ex [[adiectivum|adiectivo]] ''alcaloideus, {{pna|ea|eum}}''. {{*Cfr}} {{Opus
	| auctor = Pal I Kovacs
	| titulus = Dissertatio {{omissis}} sistens alcaloidea et acida plantarum roborantium
	| annus = 1837
	| locus = [[Pestinum|Pestini]]
	| domus editoria = Trattner
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PlFTAAAAcAAJ
}}. De [[suffixum|suffixo]] ''-oidea'', vide {{Wikten|-oidea|paginam apud Victionarium Anglicum|}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sunt [[compositum chemicum|composita chemica]] [[chemia organica|organica]] quae saltem unam [[atomus|atomum]] [[nitrogenium|nitrogenii]] habent, plerumque [[basis (chemia)|basica]], etiamsi nonnulli alcaloides [[acidum|acidici]] aut neutrales esse possunt.&lt;ref&gt;''IUPAC goldbook'': [http://goldbook.iupac.org/html/A/A00220.html de alcaloidibus] {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Praeterea, ut in compositis aliis organicis, [[carbonium]], [[hydrogenium]], etiam [[oxygenium]] [[sulphur]]que, rarius [[chlorum]], [[bromium]], [[phosphorus]] inveniuntur.

Multi [[organismus|organismi]], ut [[metabolismus|metabolismo]] [[plantae|plantarum]], [[fungi|fungorum]], [[bacteria|bacteriorum]], [[animales|animalium]], alcaloides generant. Effectus eorum multipliciter sunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
*Aniszewski, Tadeusz. [[2007]]. ''Alkaloids: secrets of life.'' Amstelodami: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52736-3.
*Begley, Tadhg P. [[2009]]. ''Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology,'' 1569–70. Novi Eboraci: Wiley. {{doi|10.1002/cbic.200900262}}. ISBN 978-0-471-75477-0.
*Brossi, Arnold. [[1989]]. ''The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology.'' Academic Press.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Robertus Robinson]]

[[Categoria:Alcaloides|!]]
[[Categoria:Composita organica]]
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5288" sha1="8eqv4cm95lak9qrms95n5dxqirrse28" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}

[[Fasciculus:Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg|thumb|Anno [[1804]], primus alcaloides [[morphina]]e ex [[papaver somniferum|papavere somnifero]] extractus est.]]

{{res|Alcaloīdēs}} (nom. sing. alcaloīdēs, {{pns|is|m|alcaloīdēs}}; g. pl. alcaloīdum)&lt;ref&gt;{{*Cfr}} “{{omissis}} lipoides, {{lectio|alcaloides}}, carboidrata et tandem proteinae, quae sunt precipua componentia substantiae viventis”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Selvaggi
	| nomen = Philippus
	| nomen ostentum = Philippum
	| titulus = Cosmologia
	| annus = 1959
	| pagina = 278
	| locus = [[Roma]]e
	| domus editoria = [[Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana]]
	| url = https://archive.org/details/COSMOLOGIA_201704/page/n139/mode/2up?view=theater
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brandis
	| nomen = Dietrich
	| titulus = De alcaloidum hydrocyanetis, imprimis duplicibus
	| annus = 1848
	| locus = [[Bonna|Bonnae]]
	| domus editoria = Typis Caroli et Friderici Krüger
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-oeDtgEACAAJ
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Kraakman
	| nomen = Jacobus Petrus
	| titulus = Dissertatio toxicologico-medica, quaedam de narcoticis in genere continens et de opio in specie
	| annus = 1845
	| pagina = 20
	| locus = [[Alcmaria]]e
	| domus editoria = H. J. van Vloten
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BaVlAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA20&amp;lpg=PA20
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Engel
	| nomen = Joh. Wilhelm
	| titulus = Symbolae quaedam ad cognitionem remediorum amarorum pertinentes: Specimen acad. resp. Maur. Forss, Nyland
	| annus = 1849
	| pagina = 6
	| locus = [[Helsingforsia]]e
	| domus editoria = Frenckell
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VIVPAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA6&amp;lpg=RA1-PA6
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| omnes auctores aliique = Utrechtsche Hoogeschool
	| titulus = Annales Academiae Rheno-Trajectinae
	| annus = 1827
	| pagina = 30
	| locus = [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Traiecti ad Rhenum]]
	| domus editoria = J. Altheer
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uiYGAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA30&amp;lpg=RA2-PA30
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = {{Vvaa}}
	| titulus = Paradigm of alcaloides (noun)
	| domus editoria = Numen - The Latin Lexicon
	| url = https://latinlexicon.org/paradigms.php?p1=4000114
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=Vide etiam {{wikten|-oides}}: eadem suffixo, adiectivum “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|sphaeroides|sphaeroīdēs|en|qid=Q208395}}” iam in [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|Vitruvii]] libris {{Op|[[De architectura (Vitruvius)|De architectura]]}} {{Vf|De architectura/Liber VIII|Caput Quintum|invenitur}}.|2=Q208395}} vel interdum {{res|alcaloīdia}} (nom. sing. alcaloīdēs, {{pns|is|n}}; g. pl. alcaloīdium)&lt;ref&gt;{{*Cfr}} “{{omissis}} igitur {{lectio|alcaloidia}} in plantis conjuncta acidis vegetalibus {{omissis}}”, apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Pachl
	| nomen = Johannes
	| nomen ostentum = Johannem
	| titulus = De alcaloidibus
	| annus = 1841
	| pagina = 9
	| locus = [[Patavium|Patavii]]
	| domus editoria = Penada
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yXFQAAAAcAAJ
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vide ''steroīdes, {{pns|i|n}}'' (vocabulum eodem suffixo), apud {{Opus
	| cognomen = Berard
	| nomen = Stephanus
	| titulus = Index locutionum novarum difficiliumque
	| annus = 2018
	| domus editoria = Cataractae (thesauro Interretiali operum ab auctoribus Latinis modernis conditorum)
	| url = https://boreoccidentales.com/latine/cataracta/auctore-berard/capti/index-locutionum.html
	| tempus inspectionis = 2023-04-14
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Raro etiam ''alcaloidea'' (nom. sing. ''alcaloideum'', ''{{pns|ei|n}}''), ex [[adiectivum|adiectivo]] ''alcaloideus, {{pna|ea|eum}}''. {{*Cfr}} {{Opus
	| auctor = Pal I Kovacs
	| titulus = Dissertatio {{omissis}} sistens alcaloidea et acida plantarum roborantium
	| annus = 1837
	| locus = [[Pestinum|Pestini]]
	| domus editoria = Trattner
	| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PlFTAAAAcAAJ
}}. De [[suffixum|suffixo]] ''-oidea'', vide {{Wikten|-oidea|paginam apud Victionarium Anglicum|}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sunt [[compositum chemicum|composita chemica]] [[chemia organica|organica]] quae saltem unam [[atomus|atomum]] [[nitrogenium|nitrogenii]] habent, plerumque [[basis (chemia)|basica]], etiamsi nonnulli alcaloides [[acidum|acidici]] aut neutrales esse possunt.&lt;ref&gt;''IUPAC goldbook'': [http://goldbook.iupac.org/html/A/A00220.html de alcaloidibus] {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Praeterea, ut in compositis aliis organicis, [[carbonium]], [[hydrogenium]], etiam [[oxygenium]] [[sulphur]]que, rarius [[chlorum]], [[bromium]], [[phosphorus]] inveniuntur.

Multi [[organismus|organismi]], ut [[metabolismus|metabolismo]] [[plantae|plantarum]], [[fungi|fungorum]], [[bacteria|bacteriorum]], [[animales|animalium]], alcaloides generant. Effectus eorum multipliciter sunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
*Aniszewski, Tadeusz. [[2007]]. ''Alkaloids: secrets of life.'' Amstelodami: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52736-3.
*Begley, Tadhg P. [[2009]]. ''Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology,'' 1569–70. Novi Eboraci: Wiley. {{doi|10.1002/cbic.200900262}}. ISBN 978-0-471-75477-0.
*Brossi, Arnold. [[1989]]. ''The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology.'' Academic Press.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Robertus Robinson]]

[[Categoria:Alcaloides|!]]
[[Categoria:Composita organica]]
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thomas Pusch</title>
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      <text bytes="6057" sha1="bka31n9zh56l7hp4btke5l85nzvs1cx" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Thomas Pusch diskutas en la IJF 1992 en La Salle.jpg|thumb|Pusch nugans anno 1992 cum sodalibus [[sala (Vallis Augustana)|Salae]]]]
'''Thomas Pusch''' (natus die [[4 Augusti]] [[1965]] [[recklinghusium|Recklinghusii]]) medicus [[germania|Germanicus]] est qui annis inter 1978 et 1996 motioni [[lingua Esperantica|Zamenhofianae]] in Germania valde studebat et iuventutem Esperanticam Germanicam (GEJ) annis inter 1991 et 1992 regebat. 
== Actiones apud TEJO et GEJ ==
[[File:41-a IJK.jpg|thumb|Folia invitatora ad Congressum internationalem iuventutis, anno 1985 Geseke in Germania celebratum, ubi Pusch moderator fuit.]]
[[File:Parto de la 800-persona Esperanto-demonstracio en la IJK 1983.jpg|thumb|[[debrecinum|Debrecinum]] anno 1983, ubi Pusch pro ideis Esperanticis pugnans in manifestatione publica apparet]]
Linguam Esperanticam edidicit anno 1978; in ludis [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Dammae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce  ''Damme''; in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]), in muneribus civilibus, in studiis [[Bonna]]e [[berolinum|Berolini]]que in Esperanticis semper et ubique activus erat. Apud [[Associatio iuventutis Esperanticae internationalis|Associationem iuventutis Esperanticae internationalem (TEJO)]] in commissione sidebat ex anno 1984, periodicum iuvenum esperantistarum Europaeorum &quot;Koncize&quot; annis inter 1986 et 1989 moderabatur. Annis autem inter 1991 et 1995 vel primus inter iuvenes fuit. Eius fuit ut informationes quocumque in abundantia spargerentur et [[Pasporta Servo|Servitium syngraphi viatorii]] (Pasporta Servo) bene perficeretur. Iuvenili periodico &quot;Kontakto&quot; sub pseudonymo multas tractationes imprimendas dedit, periodicum &quot;TEJO Tutmonde&quot; cum aliis disponebat. Denique linguis XL edidit folia informatoria praetitulata ''Esperanto? Kio estas tio?'' et folia initiatoria ''Tiom facilas Esperanto'' linguis XII. Seminaria varia iuvenum moderabatur, cui labori auxilium monetarium a [[consilium Europae|Consilio Europae]] datum est. Insuper condidit cum aliis turbam [[birota|birotariorum]] Esperantice loquentium (BEMI) anno 1979. Annis 1980 numeros duos periodici cuiusdam, quod birotae amicis legendum erat, curavit (BEMI-revuo). Mense Iulio 1980 Manifestum [[Raumoa]]e, quod dicitur, subscripsit. 

Ei valde in animo erat, ut motio Esperantica in patria sua effloresceret. Seminaria internationalia pro GEJ instigavit et grapheum iuvenibus [[Bonna]]e aperiendum esse censuit. Hinc esperantistis ubique in Germania dispersis auxilium multum datum est. Communismo in [[Res publica democratica Germanica|Germania orientali]] victo Pusch Berolinum petivit ad esperantistas burgenses corroborandos. Pusch studuit id, ut iuvenibus esperantistis diaetae in pristino centro iuventutis communisticae (FDJ) traderentur. Cum multis colloquia habuit et technicam modernam necnon supellectiles necessarios diligenter machinans prospiciebat. Pusch expedivit, ut monetae publicae sat abundanter inter novas sodalitates Esperanticas distribuerentur.

==De grapheis Bonnae et Berolini erectis ==
Thomae Pusch persuasum erat, ut iuventus Esperantica graphea duo et in Germania occidentali et in Germania orientali erigere deberet. Sed mox grapheum Bonnae clausum est et labor auxilii monetarii petendi ingratus vix iam impleretur. Anno 1995 Pusch inertia in grapheis irrepta laborem in motione Esperantica nationali deposuit. Antea operam navabat, ut Bonnae centrum iuvenum Europaeum crearetur.
 
==De unionibus, de communicatione sociali, de libris scriptis==
Pusch annis inter 1993 et 1994 apud Foederalem iuvenum unionem ''Bundesjugendring'' operam dabat, ubi quasi Esperanticorum advocatus fuit. Iste homo assiduus ex anno 1987 in diversis canalibus televisificis radiophonicisve spectatores auditoresve de Esperanticis rebus certiores fecit. Una cum Nicolao Dahmann versionem Esperanticam in serie didactica ''Kauderwelsch'' exaravit. Anno 2009 editio aucta [[lingua Francica]] apud domum editoriam ''Assimil'' apparuit.

==Diversa==
*Annis inter 1986 et 1991 histrio Esperanticus fuit in grege ''Kia koincido''.
*Aliquando cum [[Associatio omnium gentium non nationalis|Associatione omnium gentium non nationali]] cooperationes fecit. 
*Thomas Pusch hodie adulescentium infantiumque psychotherapeutae munere fungitur [[darmstadium|Darmstadii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sanego.de/Arzt/Hessen/3011-Darmstadt/Kinder-+u.+Jugendpsychiatrie/322000-Thomas-Pusch/ Pagina tabernae medicinalis]&lt;/ref&gt;. 
*In matrimonium duxerat Esperantici fautricem e [[Lithuania]], quacum duos infantes (natos annis 1998 et 2004) habet. Sermo quotidianus domi omnibus est [[lingua Lithuanica]]. Ei est frater et soror, qui fratrem imitantes ambo esperantistae facti sunt. 
*Anno 2006 in [[Vicipaedia]] Esperantica scribere coepit, quoniam ab opera in officiali motione Esperantica interim abhorret. 
*Publice ut idiota atque medicus methodum paedagogicam [[rudolphus Steiner|Rudolphi Steiner]] defendit atque subtenet.
* Praeter Theodiscam et Esperanticam callet Pusch linguas Francogallicam, Lithuanicam, Anglicam et Hispanicam.

==Opera selecta ==
*''Esperanto - Schritt für Schritt'' (cursus linguae Esperanticae hominibus quorum sermo patrius Theodiscus, tribus in libellis, 1990/1991: libelli II/III autem una cum Nicolao Dahmann sunt confecti.
* ''Esperanto - Wort für Wort'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20130514234154/http://www.reise-know-how.de/esperanto-wort-fuer-wort-p-255.html] [http://www.amazon.de/Kauderwelsch-Esperanto-Wort-für/dp/3894162465], [[liber definitivus]] popularis seriei ''Kauderwelsch''; una cum Nicolao Dahmann 
*editio in Francia sub titulo: ''Espéranto de poche'' [http://katalogo.uea.org/katalogo.php?inf=8203] [http://www.amazon.fr/Guide-Esperanto-TEXIER-TRIOLLE-DAHMANN/dp/2700503996], Assimil, [[Chennevières-sur-Marne]] 2009

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Lifetime|1965||Pusch, Thomas}}
[[Categoria:Auctores Esperantici]]
[[categoria:Medici Germaniae]] 
[[categoria:Psychotherapeutae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Neuropeptidum</title>
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      <text bytes="2587" sha1="eqra1kxu72iup9wuzxctzwr3omdloc9" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptidis, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multi sunt unt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per vesiculas in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum exempla multiplicia insunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. Exocytosis ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2671" sha1="diypzwn3mnl3wktc8jolfj6clskzsck" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptidis, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multi sunt unt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per vesiculas in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum exempla multiplicia insunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. Exocytosis ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
      <sha1>diypzwn3mnl3wktc8jolfj6clskzsck</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979364</id>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3979364</origin>
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      <text bytes="2818" sha1="m4ngouz1te2k096q5dsbr7smuvu2de8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptidis, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multi sunt unt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per vesiculas in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum exempla multiplicia insunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. Exocytosis ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979369</id>
      <parentid>3979364</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:58:49Z</timestamp>
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        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notae */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3115" sha1="nwpk2ris918f5cruwo08huf8v2yyw7u" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptidis, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multi sunt unt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per vesiculas in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum exempla multiplicia insunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. Exocytosis ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979373</id>
      <parentid>3979369</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:05:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3444" sha1="cmcx5mnocf1h2zpl4fib68re25kt8nu" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptidis, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multi sunt unt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per vesiculas in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum exempla multiplicia insunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. Exocytosis ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979376</id>
      <parentid>3979373</parentid>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3695" sha1="cck0as8ilsd7rtevvziwwoi9oogp4zp" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptidis, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multi sunt unt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per vesiculas in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum exempla multiplicia insunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. Exocytosis ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="3695" sha1="iejxfpxn63egb2yubrc12uy4g78okg6" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptidis, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt unt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per vesiculas in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum exempla multiplicia insunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. Exocytosis ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979399</id>
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        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="3694" sha1="q1b6vh1okglg38mb40v7xogt6evb0ee" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptide, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt unt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per vesiculas in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum exempla multiplicia insunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. Exocytosis ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="3774" sha1="mxdv7r0em4pal72vwi5fdjkoego1aed" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptide, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, e quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per [[Vesicula|vesiculas]] in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum varia neuropeptidia respondent postquam per [[Enzymum|enzyma]] in plures partes divisa sunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. [[Exocytosis]] ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979422</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Physiologia */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3972" sha1="lost39yx430qh5ug6larcthdbqf6omk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptide, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, e quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per [[Vesicula|vesiculas]] in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus interdum varia neuropeptidia respondent postquam per [[Enzymum|enzyma]] in plures partes divisa sunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. [[Exocytosis]] ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] metabotropa movent et eorum effectus multo diuturniores sunt quam neurotransmissorum e parva molecula consistentium.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979426</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Physiologia */</comment>
      <origin>3979426</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4006" sha1="qbd1p0gjwq7fvwatpx5k3p5as725q85" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptide, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, e quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per [[Vesicula|vesiculas]] in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus singulis interdum varia neuropeptidia respondent postquam per [[Enzymum|enzyma]] in plures partes divisa sunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. [[Exocytosis]] ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] metabotropa movent et eorum effectus multo diuturniores sunt quam neurotransmissorum e parva molecula consistentium (ut [[Aminum|monoamina]].

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979430</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:39:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Physiologia */</comment>
      <origin>3979430</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4128" sha1="77pi0p78s41pyhdm71dcrkthd71n2zr" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptide, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, e quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per [[Vesicula|vesiculas]] in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus singulis interdum varia neuropeptidia respondent postquam per [[Enzymum|enzyma]] in plures partes divisa sunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. [[Exocytosis]] ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] metabotropa movent et eorum effectus multo diuturniores sunt quam neurotransmissorum e parva molecula consistentium (ut [[Aminum|monoamina]]) eo magis quo multo minor quantitas eorum necessaria sit ad proxima neura excitanda et multo lentior fit eorum degradatio.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979432</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Physiologia */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4289" sha1="35pzf477enw6rvhahvyq6rbtxotrqro" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptide, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, e quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per [[Vesicula|vesiculas]] in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus singulis interdum varia neuropeptidia respondent postquam per [[Enzymum|enzyma]] in plures partes divisa sunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. [[Exocytosis]] ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] metabotropa movent et eorum effectus multo diuturniores sunt quam neurotransmissorum e parva molecula consistentium (ut [[Aminum|monoamina]]) eo magis quo multo minor quantitas eorum necessaria sit ad proxima neura excitanda et multo lentior fit eorum degradatio. [[Agonista (biochemia)|Agonistae]] et [[Antagonista|antagonistae]] neuropeptidium in [[pharmacologia]] ut [[Medicamentum pharmaceuticum|medicamina]] adhibentur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Physiologia */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4312" sha1="cc6lhg6942cqx3kz29lab9pb2eeya5q" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptide, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidus compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, e quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per [[Vesicula|vesiculas]] in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus singulis interdum varia neuropeptidia respondent postquam per [[Enzymum|enzyma]] in plures partes divisa sunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. [[Exocytosis]] ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] metabotropa movent et eorum effectus multo diuturniores sunt quam neurotransmissorum e parva molecula consistentium (ut [[Aminum|monoamina]]) eo magis quo multo minor quantitas eorum necessaria sit ad proxima neura excitanda et multo lentior fit eorum degradatio. [[Agonista (biochemia)|Agonistae]] et [[Antagonista|antagonistae]] neuropeptidium in [[pharmacologia]] ut [[Medicamentum pharmaceuticum|medicamina]] adhibentur in moribus corrigendis.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4312" sha1="fj3f7jznm5v144skjx0zzygpcj6hu10" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oxytocin color.svg|thumb|[[Hormon]] [[oxytocinum]], cum novem [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], exemplum neuropeptidium.]]
'''Neuropeptidia''' (s. neuropeptide, {{pns|is|n}})&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. &quot;We propose as the genus name Peptidiphaga (Pep.ti.di.pha’.ga. N.L. n. '''''peptidis''''', '''''-is''''', peptide; Gr. fem. n. ''phaga'', ''-ae'', eater; N.L. fem. n. Peptidiphaga, peptide eater)&quot; apud {{cite journal
	| last1 = Beall
	| first1 = Clifford J.
	| last2 = Mokrzan
	| first2 = Elaine M.
	| last3 = Griffen
	| first3 = Ann L.
	| last4 = Leys1
	| first4 = Eugene J.
	| date = [[Februarius|Februarii]] 2018
	| title = Cultivation of Peptidiphaga gingivicola from subgingival plaque: the first representative of a novel genus of Actinomycetaceae
	| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771945/
	| journal = Molecular Oral Microbiology
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 105-110
	| doi = 10.1111/omi.12205
}}&lt;/ref&gt; sunt catenae ex aminoacidis compositae breves ([[peptidis|peptidia]]), ergo moleculae minutis proteinis similia, quae 
communicationi inter [[neuron]]es operam dare videntur. Ab [[neuron]]ibus liberantur. Eo modo [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoribus]] valde similia sunt; quamquam hic communiter notio neuro''modulationis'' praefertur.

Hodie circiter sex milia neuropeptidium in organismis biologicis, divisa in plus quam sexaginta gregibus, descripta sunt, secundum situm interretialem ''Neuropep''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wang Y., Wang M., Yin S., Jang R., Wang J., Xue Z., Xu T. |title=NeuroPep: a comprehensive resource of neuropeptides |journal=Database (Oxford) |year=2015 |month=Apr |pages=2015:bav038 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931458}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tam multa sunt ut [[Periodicum scientificum|periodicum]] totum eis dicatum sit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neuropeptides Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Physiologia ==
Biosynthesis neuropeptidium in [[reticulum endoplasmaticum|reticulo endoplasmatico granuloso]] fit, e quo ''praecursores'' (praepropeptidia) per [[Vesicula|vesiculas]] in [[apparatus Golgianus|apparatum Golgianum]] transferuntur. Praepropeptidibus singulis interdum varia neuropeptidia respondent postquam per [[Enzymum|enzyma]] in plures partes divisa sunt. Secta secundum [[microtubulus|microtubulos]] neuropeptidia ad [[synapsis chemica|synapses chemicas]] portantur. [[Exocytosis]] ope neuropeptidia ex cellula nervali in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] liberantur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] metabotropa movent et eorum effectus multo diuturniores sunt quam neurotransmissorum e parva molecula consistentium (ut [[Aminum|monoamina]]) eo magis quo multo minor quantitas eorum necessaria sit ad proxima neura excitanda et multo lentior fit eorum degradatio. [[Agonista (biochemia)|Agonistae]] et [[Antagonista|antagonistae]] neuropeptidium in [[pharmacologia]] ut [[Medicamentum pharmaceuticum|medicamina]] adhibentur in moribus corrigendis.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Umer Saleem Bhat, Navneet Shahi, Siju Surendran, Kavita Babu . &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471/full Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs]&quot;,  ''Frontiers in Mololecular Neuroscience'', 2021:786471
*Eric G. Ceballos, Asa Farahani, Zhen-Qi Liu, Filip Milisav, Justine Y. Hansen, Alain Dagher &amp; Bratislav Misic, &quot;[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02236-w Organization of neuropeptide systems in the human brain]&quot;, ''Nature Neuroscience'', 2026: 1212–1224 
*Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin rt Denis Burdakov, &quot;[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.644313/full Neuropeptides as Primary Mediators of Brain Circuit Connectivity]&quot;, ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2021:644313
 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Neurotransmissor]]
* [[Synapsis chemica]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuropeptides neuropeptides] spectant
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219010131/http://isyslab.info/NeuroPep/ Situs interretialis ''Neuropep'' de neuropeptidibus]. {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Neuropeptida|!]]</text>
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    <title>Monumentum Vicipaediae</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Nexus</comment>
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      <text bytes="3982" sha1="d9h98b7jgyc2ot2i9jw2vcsjmdfuflu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:14-12-29-frankfurt-slubice-RalfR-DSCF6349-13.jpg|thumb|Monumentum hieme]]
'''Monumentum Vicipaediae''' (Polonice: ''Pomnik Wikipedii'', Esperantice: ''Monumento de Vikipedio'') est [[monumentum]] [[altitudo|altitudinis]] 1,70 [[metrum|metrorum]] a domino Mihran Hakobjan anno 2014 creatum [[Słubice]] in [[Palatinatus Lubucensis|Palatinatu Lubucensi]] invenitur. [[aes (mixtura)|Aere]] est et globum in altitudinem apertum a duabus feminis una cum duobus viris allatum monstrat. Partes singulae [[opus vermiculatum|operi vermiculato]] similes sunt, ut mos est in [[insigne|insignibus]] Vicipediae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150430084639/http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/gid,16956479,gpage,3,img,16956530,kat,355,title,Tak-powstaje-pomnik-Wikipedii,galeria.html &quot;Tak powstaje pomnik Wikipedii&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; Figurae in suggesto sunt, quasi in [[Pegma (supellex)|pegmate]] librorum. Sculptae res plastica sunt, ne pluviae eis noceant.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.3sat.de/page/?source=/kulturzeit/news/179127/index.html Die Kulturzeit-Nachrichten: Kulturzeit-News, 23.10.2014]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historia erectionis ==
Christophorus Wojciechowski [[polonia|Polonus]], scriptor et praeses [[Collegium Polonicum|Collegii Polonici]], pater monumenti fuisse fertur. Vicipaediam esse hominum maximum usque inceptum et Polonos Vicipaediae fautores entheos. Inde locum monumento dignissimam esse Poloniam.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/wikipedia-polnische-stadt-will-online-lexikon-ein-denkmal-setzen-a-996324.html ''Slubice: Polnische Stadt setzt Wikipedia ein Denkmal.''] 9.10. 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Thomas Ciszewicz, demarchus pristinus, ideam istam magni aestimans fecit, ut quindecim milia [[euro]]num omnino a fisco municipali solverentur.&lt;ref&gt;Eva Krafczyk: ''Denkmal für Wikipedia als „Zeichen der Hoffnung“.'' In: &quot;Weser Kurier&quot;, 20.10.2014, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; Ab artifice [[armenia|Armeno]] Mihran Hakobjan, Collegii Polonici alumno, rogatum est ut aliquid pulcrum fingeret.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cp.edu.pl/de/public_relations/startsite_news/spalte_4_oben/wikipedia/pomnik-wikipedii/mihran-hakobyan/index.html Collegium Polonicum: Über den Künstler Mihran Hakobjan]&lt;/ref&gt; Symposium die 22.10.2014 in Collegio Polonico celebratum homines ad Plateam Francofurtensem invitavit ut inauguratione sollemni participes essent et congauderent. 
&lt;gallery&gt;
Celebration of the Wikipedia monument in Słubice – talk (DerHexer) 04.jpg|Symposium im Collegio Polonico
Celebration of the Wikipedia monument in Słubice – unveiling (DerHexer) 11.jpg|Velum a monumento remotum 
Celebration of the Wikipedia monument in Słubice – unveiling (DerHexer) 18.jpg|Homines illustres die inaugurationis
2014-10-22 Poland Slubice unveiling of the wikipedia monument.webm|Pellicula de die festo
Wikipedia Monument in Slubice 20190918-1.jpg|Digiti a barbaris rupti, 2019
&lt;/gallery&gt;
In monumenti basi inscriptio variis linguis visibilis est.&lt;ref&gt;Versio Anglica ecce: ''With this monument the citizens of Słubice would like to pay homage to thousands of anonymous editors all over the world, who have contributed voluntarily to the creation of Wikipedia, the greatest project co-created by people regardless of political, religious or cultural borders. In the year this monument is unveiled Wikipedia is available in more than 280 languages and contains about 30 million articles. The benefactors behind this monument feel certain that with Wikipedia as one of its pillars the knowledge society will be able to contribute to the sustainable development of our civilization, social justice and peace among nations.''&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Wikipedia Monument|Monumentum Vicipaediae}}
* [http://www.cp.edu.pl/de/public_relations/startsite_news/spalte_4_oben/wikipedia/pomnik-wikipedii/index.html Collegium Polonicum: monumenti inauguratio]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Coordinate|NS=52.349279|EW=14.560129|region=PL-08|type=landmark}}

[[categoria:Monumenta Poloniae]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta]]
[[categoria:Vicipaedia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8913" sha1="lkzxzhi9lrfbcf85a2men49f44qj2zy" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oton Ivekovic, Dolazak Hrvata na Jadran.jpg|thumb|''Accessus [[Croati|Croatorum]] ad [[mare Hadriaticum]].'' [[Pictura]] ab [[Oton Iveković]] facta.]]
[[Fasciculus:Bascanska ploca.jpg|thumb|[[Tabula Bescanovensis]] ([[Croatice]] ''Baščanska ploča''), veterrimum [[abecedarium Glagoliticum|abecedariae Glagoliticae]] documentum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Kingdom_of_Croatia.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Maximi [[regnum Croatiae|regni Croatiae]] fines.]]
[[Fasciculus:Zadar Donat Forum.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Architectura]] [[medium aevum|mediaevalis]] Croatiae, [[Iadera]]e.]]
[[Fasciculus:Forteresse de Dubrovnik.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Moenia [[Ragusium|Ragusiensia]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Savka Dabcevic Kucar.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Savka Dabčević-Kučar]], particeps [[Ver Croatianum|Veris Croatiani]] et prima [[primus minister]] [[femina (sexus)|femina]] in [[Europa]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Vuka river.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Confluentia [[Ulca]]e et [[Danubius|Danubii]] [[Cornacum|Cornaci]].]]
'''Historia Croatiae''' in [[Ducatus Croatiae|ducatu Croatiae]]{{dubsig}} [[Ducatus Croatiae Pannonicae|ducatuque Croatiae Pannonicae]]{{dubsig}} incipere commode habetur,&lt;ref&gt;Rao 2012: ix–x.&lt;/ref&gt; binis [[ducatus|ducatibus]] [[Slavi]]cis [[saeculum 7|saeculo septimo]] coniunctis ut [[regnum Croatiae]] fierent, quod ab anno [[925]] usque ad annum [[1918]] duravit. Quod [[regnum]] in coniunctionem personalem cum [[regnum Hungariae|regno Hungariae]] [[saeculum 12|saeculo duodecimo]] intravit, [[civitas]] autem [[civitas sui iuris|sui iuris]] manens, cui erat [[rectio|rector]] ([[Croatice]] ''ban'') et [[parlamentum]] (''sabor''), sed suas domus regias e [[potestas|potestatibus]] propinquis, praecipue [[regnum|regnis]] [[Hungaria]]e et [[regnum Neapolis|Neapolis]] ac [[monarchia Habsburgensis|monarchia Habsburgensi]] eligebat.

[[Diocletianus]], [[imperator]] [[imperium Romanum|Romanus]], in [[Dalmatia]] [[regio]]ne natus, se ab imperio removens, magnum [[palatium]] prope [[Salona]]m [[aedificium|aedificavit]], ex quo [[Spalatum]] [[urbs]] hodierna exorta est.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17691 C.Michael Hogan, &quot;Diocletian's Palace&quot;, The Megalithic Portal, Andy Burnham ed., Oct 6, 2007].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=[[Eduardus Gibbon]]|author2=[[Ioannes Bagnell Bury]]|author3=[[Daniel J. Boorstin]]|title=The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|publisher=Modern Library|year=1995|location=Novi Eboraci|page=335|isbn=978-0-679-60148-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bdKLyie1M50C}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Croatia a [[saeculum 15|saeculo quinto decimo]] ad [[saeculum 17 |saeculum septimum decimum]] cum [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Imperio Ottomanico]] vehementer certabat. Croatia autem in dicione [[Iugoslavia]]e plurimo [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicensimi]] redacta [[libertas|libertatem]] anno [[1991]] recuperavit.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Adkins, Roy, et Lesley Adkins. [[2008]]. ''The War for All the Oceans.'' Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-311392-8. [https://books.google.hr/books?id=3u9jdSlnGiMC Google Books.]
*Agičić, Damir, Dragutin Feletar, AnitaFilipčić, Tomislav Jelić, et Zoran Stiperski. [[2000]]. ''Povijest i zemljopis Hrvatske: priručnik za hrvatske manjinske škole'' ['Historia et Geographia Croatiae: Liber Definitivus Scholarum Minoritatum']. ISBN 978-953-6235-40-7. [https://books.google.com/?id=9SArPwAACAAJ Google Books.]
*Banac, Ivo. [[1984]]. ''The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics.'' Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9493-2. [https://books.google.com/books?id=KfqbujXqQBkC Google Books.]
*Biondich, Mark. [[2000]]. ''Stjepan Radić, the Croat Peasant Party, and the politics of mass mobilization, 1904–1928.'' Toronti: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8294-7. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dZBgIIZ18WMC Google Books.]
*Carmichael, Cathie. [[2015]]. ''A concise history of Bosnia.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107016156, ISBN 9781107602182.
*Cresswell, Peterjon.. [[2006]]. ''Time Out Croatia.'' Londinii, Berkeleiae, Toronti: Time Out Group Ltd &amp; Ebury Publishing, Random House. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1. [https://books.google.com/?id=kwOYuX-Oy18C Google Books.]
*Fisher, Sharon. [[2006]]. ''Political change in post-Communist Slovakia and Croatia: from nationalist to Europeanist.'' Londinii: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-7286-6. [https://books.google.com/?id=7TiFZQHwAjQC Google Books.]
*Forbrig, Joerg, et Pavol Demeš. [[2007]]. ''Reclaiming democracy: civil society and electoral change in central and eastern Europe.'' The German Marshall Fund of the United States. ISBN 978-80-969639-0-4. [https://books.google.com/?id=MWTrLQAACAAJ Google Books.]
*Frucht, Richard C. [[2005]]. ''Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture.'' ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6. [https://books.google.hr/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C Google Books.]
*Gaži, Stephen. [[1973]]. ''A history of Croatia.'' Novi Eboraci: Philosophical Library. ISBN 0802221084.
*Kasapović, Mirjana, ed. [[2001]]. ''HRVATSKA POLITIKA 1990.–2000'' ['Res politicae Croatiae, 1990–2000']. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Political Science. ISBN 978-953-6457-08-3. [https://books.google.com/books/about/Hrvatska_politika_1990_2000.html?id=z7sVAQAAIAAJ Google Books.]
*Klemenčič, Matjaž, et Mitja Žagar. [[2004]]. ''The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook.'' ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-294-3. [https://books.google.hr/books?id=ORSMBFwjAKcC Google Books.]
*Lane, Frederic Chapin. [[1973]]. ''Venice, a Maritime Republic.'' JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-1460-0. [https://books.google.com/?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC Google Books.]
*Magaš, Branka. [[2007]]. ''Croatia through history: the making of a European state.'' Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-775-9. [https://books.google.com/books?id=OY5pAAAAMAAJ Google Books.]
*Mužić, Ivan. [[2007]]. ''Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća'' ['Historia Croatiae saeculo nono']. Naklada Bošković. ISBN 978-953-263-034-3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808024028/http://www.muzic-ivan.info/hrvatska_povijest.pdf PDF.]
*Omrčanin, Ivo. [[1972]]. ''Diplomatic and political history of Croatia.'' Philadelphiae: Dorrance. ISBN 0805916040.
*Omrčanin, Ivo. [[1984]]. ''Military history of Croatia.'' Bryn Mawr Pennsylvaniae: Dorrance. ISBN 0805928936.
*[[Basilius Pandžić|Pandžić Basilius]]. [[1954]]. ''A Review of Croatian History.'' Sicagi: Cultural Publishing Center. [https://books.google.de/books/about/A_Review_of_Croatian_History.html?id=nWvRAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y Google Books.]
*Rao, D. Vijaya. [[2012]]. ''Armies, Wars and their Food.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-81-7596-938-4. [https://doi.org/10.1017/UPO9788175969384.002 Editio interretialis.]
*Tapon, Francis. [[2012]]. ''The Hidden Europe: What Eastern Europeans Can Teach Us.'' WanderLearn Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GlbAmn_cajYC Google Books.]

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
*[[Balcania]]
*[[Dravus]]
*[[Liburnia]]
*[[Liburnicae Insulae]]
*[[Litorale Austriacum]]
*[[Pannonia]]
*[[Sinus Liburnicus]]
*[[Tomislav (rex Croatiae)|Tomislavus]]
{{div col end}}

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|History of Croatia|historiam Croatiae}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091005195007/http://www.isp.hr/index.php?lang=en Institutum Historiae Croatianum.]
*[http://www.mdc.hr/ Sedes Documentationis Musei.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090203102549/http://hismus.hr/english/main.htm Museum Historiae Croatianae.]
*[https://www.pdcnet.org/jcroatstud ''Journal of Croatian Studies.'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101212010304/http://croatia.aventin.hr/croatia/history.htm Brevis historia Croatiae,]
*[http://www.croatianhistory.net/ De historia, cultura, scientia.]
*[http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Croatia:_Primary_Documents Documenta primaria de historia Croatiae.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070812200230/http://www.hr/darko/etf/etfss.html De historia, cultura, scientia.]
*[http://vlib.iue.it/history/europe/croatia.html &quot;WWW-VL History: Croatia.&quot;]
*McAdams, Michael. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040216002953/http://mirror.veus.hr/myth/ &quot;Croatia: Myth and Reality.&quot;]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041205124759/http://www.felbar.com/siteindex/create.php?lang=en&amp;rtype=1&amp;mnav=maps&amp;ext=htm Tabulae historicae Croatiae.]
*Klaic, Nada. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027044912/http://geocities.com/hrvatskapovijest/img/09.gif &quot;Croatia sub Tomislav.&quot;]
*[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/EasternCroatia.htm Croatia.] The History Files.
*[http://www.metodios.org/brief.history.croatia Brevis historia Croatiae.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191206065003/https://tourcroatia.co.uk/early-history-croatia/ Prima historia Croatiae.]
*[http://croatia.org/crown/content_images/2018/Croatia_1990-2018.pdf Croatia post libertatem, 1990–2018.]

[[Categoria:Historia Croatiae|!]]
{{Myrias|Historia}}</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Substance P.png|thumb|'''Substantia P''']]
'''Substantia P''' (etiam abbreviatura '''SP''') est [[peptidum]] undecim [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], ita ''hendecapeptidum''. Attribuitur substantia P familiae [[tachykininum|tachykininorum]], quo substantia P inter cetera tachykinina abundantissimum in corpore apparet. Ut cetera tachykinina substantia P quoque effectus suos [[receptorium tachykinini|receptoriis tachykinini]] exercet, imprimis [[receptorium tachykinini 1|receptorio tachykini 1]] (NK&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;).

Invenitur substantia P [[neurotransmissor]] in partibus systematum nervosorum et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]], quibus liberatur SP de [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] terminalibus. Imprimis [[neurotransmissor]] est in [[apparatus digestorius|apparatu digestorio]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Hökfelt T., Pernow B., Wahren J. |title=Substance P: a pioneer amongst neuropeptides |journal=Journal of internal medicine |year=2001 |month=Ian |volume=249 |issue=1 |pages=27-40 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11168782/}}&lt;/ref&gt; et [[nervus vagus|nervo vago]]. SP effectus sunt salivationis incrementum, [[musculus levis|musculorum levium]] contractio. 

Putatur alia munera eius ad [[inflammatio]]nem et [[curatio vulnerum|vulnerum curationem]] pertinere&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Suvas S. |title=Role of Substance P Neuropeptide in Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Tissue Homeostasis |journal=Journal of immunology |year=2017 |month=Sep |volume=199 |issue=5 |pages=1543-52 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28827386/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Partes effectuum substantiae P ope obsidionis receptorii NK&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; inhiberi potest ([[antagonista receptorii NK1]], per exemplum [[antiemeticum]] [[Aprepitantum]]).

== De substantiae P natura ==
=== Molecula ===
Substantia P est ''hendecapeptidum'', quod est catena ex undecim [[aminoacidum|aminoacidis]] composita:
:H-[[Argininum|Arg]]&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-[[Prolinum|Pro]]-[[Lysinum|Lys]]-Pro-[[Glutaminum|Gln]]-Gln-[[Phenylalaninum|Phe]]-Phe-[[Glycinum|Gly]]-[[Leucinum|Leu]]-[[Methioninum|Met]]&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;-NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

=== Synthesis ===
SP de [[genum|geno]] TAC1 [[praeprotachykininum 1|praeprotachykinini 1]] (TAC&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;), denique ab molecula praecurrente derivatur: Praecursori huic aliud [[aminoacidum]] [[Glycinum]] inest (SP-Gly, SP-G), quod post [[translatio genetica|translationem]] dissecatur. Dissectioni enzymaticae, [[peptidylglycini alpha amida dans monooxygenasis|peptidylglycini alpha amida dantis monooxygenasis]] (PAM) ope&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Jeng A. Y., Fujimoto R. A., et al. |title=Suppression of substance P biosynthesis in sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion by prodrug esters of potent peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase inhibitors |journal=The journal of biological chemistry |year=1997 |month=Iun |volume=272 |issue=23 |pages=14666-71 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9169429/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[vitaminum C]] et [[cuprum]] (Cu&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt;) necesse est&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wong M., Jeng A. Y. |title=Posttranslational modification of glycine-extended substance P by an alpha-amidating enzyme in cultured sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia |journal=Journal of neuroscience research |year=1994 |month=Ian |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=97-102 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7511706/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
==== Praeprotachykininum (TAC&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) ==== 
Praeprotachykini [[genum]] in hominibus in [[chromosoma 7 (homo)|chromosomate 7 locato]] (7q21-22) locatum est.

== Physiologia ==
In corpore substantia P [[neurotransmissor]] agit.
=== Distributio substantiae P in corpore ===
Invenitur substantia P neurotransmissor afferentium [[fibra nervalis|fibrarum nervalium]] nonnullis in partibus systematum nervosorum et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Ribeiro-da-Silva A., Hökfelt T. |title=Neuroanatomical localisation of Substance P in the CNS and sensory neurons |journal=Neuropeptides |year=2000 |month=Oct |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=256-71 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11049730/}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 
==== In systemate nervoso centrali ====
[[Synapsis chemica|Synapses]] substantiam P continentes in utroque [[medulla spinalis|medullae spinalis]] ''cornu dorsali'' abunde (20% omnium cellularum eorum cornuum) demonstratae sunt. Adveniunt in cornus laminis zonis extremis (laminis I et II) [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] in [[anxietas|anxietate]] [[dolor]]eque&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0079612306610078?via%3Dihub Substance P in traumatic brain injury]&lt;/ref&gt; axones&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Charnay Y., Paulin C., et al. |title=Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the human foetus and infant |journal=Neuroscience |year=1983 |month=Sep |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=41-55 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6196680/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, processus quorum in [[epidermis|epidermi]] atque [[vas sanguineum|vasorum]] [[glandula]]rumque parietibus oriuntur.

Ut in [[medulla spinalis|medulla spinali]] fibrae nervales substantiam P continentes in substantiam gelatinosam [[nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini|nuclei spinalis nervi trigemini]] proficiscuntur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Priestley J.V., Somogyi P., Cuello A. C. |title=Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat: a light and electron microscopic study |journal=The journal of comparative neurology |year=1982 |month=Oct |volume=211 |issue=1 |pages=31-49 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6184386/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Praeterea demonstrata est substantia P in [[cerebrum|cerebri]] utraque [[substantia nigra]] ([[nuclei basales|nucleis basalibus]]) et utroque [[corpus amygdaloideum|corpore amygdaloideo]] (parte mediali).

==== In sytemate nervoso peripherico ====
Multipliciter reperiuntur substantia P in ''fibris nervosis sensoriis tenuioribus'' et in [[systema nervosum entericum|''systemate nervoso enterico'']].

=== Effectus physiologici ===
Effectus sunt excitantes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Otsuka M., Konishi S., et al. |title=Substance P and primary afferent transmission |journal=Advances in biomedical psychopharmacology |year=1976 |volume=15 |pages=187-91 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/192049/}}&lt;/ref&gt; cum tardioribus et ascensu et descensu.

== Historia ==
Substantia P primum anno 1931 ab [[Ulf von Euler]] et [[Ioannes Gaddum|Ioanne Gaddum]] descripta est&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Euler U. S. V., Gaddum J.H. |title=An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts |journal=The journal of physiology |year=1931 |month=Iun |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=74-87 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16994201/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Ulf von Euler.jpg|[[Ulf von Euler]]
Fasciculus:John Gaddum.png|[[Ioannes Gaddum]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Systema immunitatis]]
* [[Intestinum]]
* [[Vulnus]]

== Nexus externi ==
* ''Britannica.com'' de [https://www.britannica.com/science/substance-P Substantia P] {{Ling|Anglice}}

{{biologia-stipula}}
[[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Substance P.png|thumb|'''Substantia P''']]
'''Substantia P''' (etiam abbreviatura '''SP''') est [[peptidum]] undecim [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], ita ''hendecapeptidum''. Attribuitur substantia P familiae [[tachykininum|tachykininorum]], quo substantia P inter cetera tachykinina abundantissimum in corpore apparet. Ut cetera tachykinina substantia P quoque effectus suos [[receptorium tachykinini|receptoriis tachykinini]] exercet, imprimis [[receptorium tachykinini 1|receptorio tachykini 1]] (NK&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;).

Invenitur substantia P [[neurotransmissor]] in partibus systematum nervosorum et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]], quibus liberatur SP de [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] terminalibus. Imprimis [[neurotransmissor]] est in [[apparatus digestorius|apparatu digestorio]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Hökfelt T., Pernow B., Wahren J. |title=Substance P: a pioneer amongst neuropeptides |journal=Journal of internal medicine |year=2001 |month=Ian |volume=249 |issue=1 |pages=27-40 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11168782/}}&lt;/ref&gt; et [[nervus vagus|nervo vago]]. SP effectus sunt salivationis incrementum, [[musculus levis|musculorum levium]] contractio. 

Putatur alia munera eius ad [[inflammatio]]nem et [[curatio vulnerum|vulnerum curationem]] pertinere&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Suvas S. |title=Role of Substance P Neuropeptide in Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Tissue Homeostasis |journal=Journal of immunology |year=2017 |month=Sep |volume=199 |issue=5 |pages=1543-52 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28827386/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Partes effectuum substantiae P ope obsidionis receptorii NK&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; inhiberi potest ([[antagonista receptorii NK1]], per exemplum [[antiemeticum]] [[Aprepitantum]]).

== De substantiae P natura ==
=== Molecula ===
Substantia P est ''hendecapeptidum'', quod est catena ex undecim [[aminoacidum|aminoacidis]] composita:
:H-[[Argininum|Arg]]&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-[[Prolinum|Pro]]-[[Lysinum|Lys]]-Pro-[[Glutaminum|Gln]]-Gln-[[Phenylalaninum|Phe]]-Phe-[[Glycinum|Gly]]-[[Leucinum|Leu]]-[[Methioninum|Met]]&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;-NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

=== Synthesis ===
SP de [[genum|geno]] TAC1 [[praeprotachykininum 1|praeprotachykinini 1]] (TAC&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;), denique ab molecula praecurrente derivatur: Praecursori huic aliud [[aminoacidum]] [[Glycinum]] inest (SP-Gly, SP-G), quod post [[translatio genetica|translationem]] dissecatur. Dissectioni enzymaticae, [[peptidylglycini alpha amida dans monooxygenasis|peptidylglycini alpha amida dantis monooxygenasis]] (PAM) ope&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Jeng A. Y., Fujimoto R. A., et al. |title=Suppression of substance P biosynthesis in sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion by prodrug esters of potent peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase inhibitors |journal=The journal of biological chemistry |year=1997 |month=Iun |volume=272 |issue=23 |pages=14666-71 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9169429/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[vitaminum C]] et [[cuprum]] (Cu&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt;) necesse est&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wong M., Jeng A. Y. |title=Posttranslational modification of glycine-extended substance P by an alpha-amidating enzyme in cultured sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia |journal=Journal of neuroscience research |year=1994 |month=Ian |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=97-102 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7511706/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
==== Praeprotachykininum (TAC&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) ==== 
Praeprotachykini [[genum]] in hominibus in [[chromosoma 7 (homo)|chromosomate 7 locato]] (7q21-22) locatum est.

== Physiologia ==
In corpore substantia P [[neurotransmissor]] agit.
=== Distributio substantiae P in corpore ===
Invenitur substantia P neurotransmissor afferentium [[fibra nervalis|fibrarum nervalium]] nonnullis in partibus systematum nervosorum et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Ribeiro-da-Silva A., Hökfelt T. |title=Neuroanatomical localisation of Substance P in the CNS and sensory neurons |journal=Neuropeptides |year=2000 |month=Oct |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=256-71 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11049730/}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 
==== In systemate nervoso centrali ====
[[Synapsis chemica|Synapses]] substantiam P continentes in utroque [[medulla spinalis|medullae spinalis]] ''cornu dorsali'' abunde (20% omnium cellularum eorum cornuum) demonstratae sunt. Adveniunt in cornus laminis zonis extremis (laminis I et II) [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] in [[anxietas|anxietate]] [[dolor]]eque&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0079612306610078?via%3Dihub Substance P in traumatic brain injury]&lt;/ref&gt; axones&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Charnay Y., Paulin C., et al. |title=Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the human foetus and infant |journal=Neuroscience |year=1983 |month=Sep |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=41-55 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6196680/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, processus quorum in [[epidermis|epidermi]] atque [[vas sanguineum|vasorum]] [[glandula]]rumque parietibus oriuntur.

Ut in [[medulla spinalis|medulla spinali]] fibrae nervales substantiam P continentes in substantiam gelatinosam [[nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini|nuclei spinalis nervi trigemini]] proficiscuntur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Priestley J.V., Somogyi P., Cuello A. C. |title=Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat: a light and electron microscopic study |journal=The journal of comparative neurology |year=1982 |month=Oct |volume=211 |issue=1 |pages=31-49 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6184386/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Praeterea demonstrata est substantia P in [[cerebrum|cerebri]] utraque [[substantia nigra]] ([[nuclei basales|nucleis basalibus]]) et utroque [[corpus amygdaloideum|corpore amygdaloideo]] (parte mediali).

==== In sytemate nervoso peripherico ====
Multipliciter reperiuntur substantiae P in ''fibris nervosis sensoriis tenuioribus'' et in [[systema nervosum entericum|''systemate nervoso enterico'']].

=== Effectus physiologici ===
Effectus sunt excitantes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Otsuka M., Konishi S., et al. |title=Substance P and primary afferent transmission |journal=Advances in biomedical psychopharmacology |year=1976 |volume=15 |pages=187-91 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/192049/}}&lt;/ref&gt; cum tardioribus et ascensu et descensu.

== Historia ==
Substantia P primum anno 1931 ab [[Ulf von Euler]] et [[Ioannes Gaddum|Ioanne Gaddum]] descripta est&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Euler U. S. V., Gaddum J.H. |title=An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts |journal=The journal of physiology |year=1931 |month=Iun |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=74-87 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16994201/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Ulf von Euler.jpg|[[Ulf von Euler]]
Fasciculus:John Gaddum.png|[[Ioannes Gaddum]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Systema immunitatis]]
* [[Intestinum]]
* [[Vulnus]]

== Nexus externi ==
* ''Britannica.com'' de [https://www.britannica.com/science/substance-P Substantia P] {{Ling|Anglice}}

{{biologia-stipula}}
[[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Substance P.png|thumb|'''Substantia P''']]
'''Substantia P''' (etiam abbreviatura '''SP''') est [[peptidum]] undecim [[aminoacidum|aminoacidorum]], ita ''hendecapeptidum''. Attribuitur substantia P familiae [[tachykininum|tachykininorum]], quo substantia P inter cetera tachykinina abundantissimum in corpore apparet. Ut cetera tachykinina substantia P quoque effectus suos [[receptorium tachykinini|receptoriis tachykinini]] exercet, imprimis [[receptorium tachykinini 1|receptorio tachykini 1]] (NK&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;).

Invenitur substantia P [[neurotransmissor]] in partibus systematum nervosorum et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]], quibus liberatur SP de [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] terminalibus. Imprimis [[neurotransmissor]] est in [[apparatus digestorius|apparatu digestorio]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Hökfelt T., Pernow B., Wahren J. |title=Substance P: a pioneer amongst neuropeptides |journal=Journal of internal medicine |year=2001 |month=Ian |volume=249 |issue=1 |pages=27-40 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11168782/}}&lt;/ref&gt; et [[nervus vagus|nervo vago]]. Itaque inter [[Neuropeptidis|neuropeptides]] ''cerebrointestinales'' numeratur. SP effectus sunt salivationis incrementum, [[musculus levis|musculorum levium]] contractio. 

Putatur alia munera eius ad [[inflammatio]]nem et [[curatio vulnerum|vulnerum curationem]] pertinere&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Suvas S. |title=Role of Substance P Neuropeptide in Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Tissue Homeostasis |journal=Journal of immunology |year=2017 |month=Sep |volume=199 |issue=5 |pages=1543-52 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28827386/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Partes effectuum substantiae P ope obsidionis receptorii NK&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; inhiberi potest ([[antagonista receptorii NK1]], per exemplum [[antiemeticum]] [[Aprepitantum]]).

== De substantiae P natura ==
=== Molecula ===
Substantia P est ''hendecapeptidum'', quod est catena ex undecim [[aminoacidum|aminoacidis]] composita:
:H-[[Argininum|Arg]]&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-[[Prolinum|Pro]]-[[Lysinum|Lys]]-Pro-[[Glutaminum|Gln]]-Gln-[[Phenylalaninum|Phe]]-Phe-[[Glycinum|Gly]]-[[Leucinum|Leu]]-[[Methioninum|Met]]&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;-NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

=== Synthesis ===
SP de [[genum|geno]] TAC1 [[praeprotachykininum 1|praeprotachykinini 1]] (TAC&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;), denique ab molecula praecurrente derivatur: Praecursori huic aliud [[aminoacidum]] [[Glycinum]] inest (SP-Gly, SP-G), quod post [[translatio genetica|translationem]] dissecatur. Dissectioni enzymaticae, [[peptidylglycini alpha amida dans monooxygenasis|peptidylglycini alpha amida dantis monooxygenasis]] (PAM) ope&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Jeng A. Y., Fujimoto R. A., et al. |title=Suppression of substance P biosynthesis in sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion by prodrug esters of potent peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase inhibitors |journal=The journal of biological chemistry |year=1997 |month=Iun |volume=272 |issue=23 |pages=14666-71 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9169429/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[vitaminum C]] et [[cuprum]] (Cu&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt;) necesse est&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Wong M., Jeng A. Y. |title=Posttranslational modification of glycine-extended substance P by an alpha-amidating enzyme in cultured sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia |journal=Journal of neuroscience research |year=1994 |month=Ian |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=97-102 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7511706/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
==== Praeprotachykininum (TAC&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) ==== 
Praeprotachykini [[genum]] in hominibus in [[chromosoma 7 (homo)|chromosomate 7 locato]] (7q21-22) locatum est.

== Physiologia ==
In corpore substantia P [[neurotransmissor]] agit.
=== Distributio substantiae P in corpore ===
Invenitur substantia P neurotransmissor afferentium [[fibra nervalis|fibrarum nervalium]] nonnullis in partibus systematum nervosorum et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Ribeiro-da-Silva A., Hökfelt T. |title=Neuroanatomical localisation of Substance P in the CNS and sensory neurons |journal=Neuropeptides |year=2000 |month=Oct |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=256-71 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11049730/}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 
==== In systemate nervoso centrali ====
[[Synapsis chemica|Synapses]] substantiam P continentes in utroque [[medulla spinalis|medullae spinalis]] ''cornu dorsali'' abunde (20% omnium cellularum eorum cornuum) demonstratae sunt. Adveniunt in cornus laminis zonis extremis (laminis I et II) [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] in [[anxietas|anxietate]] [[dolor]]eque&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0079612306610078?via%3Dihub Substance P in traumatic brain injury]&lt;/ref&gt; axones&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Charnay Y., Paulin C., et al. |title=Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the human foetus and infant |journal=Neuroscience |year=1983 |month=Sep |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=41-55 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6196680/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, processus quorum in [[epidermis|epidermi]] atque [[vas sanguineum|vasorum]] [[glandula]]rumque parietibus oriuntur.

Ut in [[medulla spinalis|medulla spinali]] fibrae nervales substantiam P continentes in substantiam gelatinosam [[nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini|nuclei spinalis nervi trigemini]] proficiscuntur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Priestley J.V., Somogyi P., Cuello A. C. |title=Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat: a light and electron microscopic study |journal=The journal of comparative neurology |year=1982 |month=Oct |volume=211 |issue=1 |pages=31-49 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6184386/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Praeterea demonstrata est substantia P in [[cerebrum|cerebri]] utraque [[substantia nigra]] ([[nuclei basales|nucleis basalibus]]) et utroque [[corpus amygdaloideum|corpore amygdaloideo]] (parte mediali).

==== In sytemate nervoso peripherico ====
Multipliciter reperiuntur substantiae P in ''fibris nervosis sensoriis tenuioribus'' et in [[systema nervosum entericum|''systemate nervoso enterico'']].

=== Effectus physiologici ===
Effectus sunt excitantes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Otsuka M., Konishi S., et al. |title=Substance P and primary afferent transmission |journal=Advances in biomedical psychopharmacology |year=1976 |volume=15 |pages=187-91 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/192049/}}&lt;/ref&gt; cum tardioribus et ascensu et descensu.

== Historia ==
Substantia P primum anno 1931 ab [[Ulf von Euler]] et [[Ioannes Gaddum|Ioanne Gaddum]] descripta est&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Euler U. S. V., Gaddum J.H. |title=An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts |journal=The journal of physiology |year=1931 |month=Iun |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=74-87 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16994201/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Ulf von Euler.jpg|[[Ulf von Euler]]
Fasciculus:John Gaddum.png|[[Ioannes Gaddum]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Systema immunitatis]]
* [[Intestinum]]
* [[Vulnus]]

== Nexus externi ==
* ''Britannica.com'' de [https://www.britannica.com/science/substance-P Substantia P] {{Ling|Anglice}}

{{biologia-stipula}}
[[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]]</text>
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    <title>Categoria:Opera terrestria Imperii Romani</title>
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      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: new key for [[Categoria:Opera terrestria]]: &quot;- Romanum imperium&quot;</comment>
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[[Categoria:Imperium Romanum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gens Sepullia</title>
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      <text bytes="3952" sha1="bu4h0w6vakxx670b5yt84sf9dpcsu46" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Iulius Caesar denarius 44 BC 851830.jpg|thumb|Denarius a Publio Sepullio 44 a.C.n. signatus, adhuc vivo Caesareː ex una parte caput dictatoris perpetui, ex altera [[Venus (dea)|Venus Genitrix]] victoriolam manu porrigens.]]
[[Fasciculus:Denarius P. Sepullius Macer Clementiae Caesaris.jpg|thumb|Denarius iam mortuo Caesare a Sepullio signatus et Clementiae Caesaris dedicatus. Ex una parte templum, ex altera desultor duos equos simul agens, corona et palma et nomen viri monetalisː P. SEPVLLIVS MACER.]]
'''Gens Sepullia''' fuit [[Gentes Romanae|gens Romana]] [[Plebs|plebeia]] a primo saeculo a.C.n. memorata. Per nummos notus est [[Publius Sepullius Macer]] qui anno [[44 a.C.n.]] quattuorvir monetalis&lt;ref&gt;[[Triumviratus|Triumviri]] magistratus monetales solebant esse, tum vero quartum addidit dictator Caesar.&lt;/ref&gt; fuit cum Lucio Aemilio Buca, Gaio Cossutio Maridiano et Marco Mettio. Hoc anno primum homini vivo, [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaio Iulio Caesari]], effigiem suam nummis imprimere licuit. Itaque Sepullius Macer [[Denarius|denarios]] capite laureato [[Dictatura|dictatoris]] signavit et post [[Idus|Idus Martias]] capite barbato (luctus causa) et velato [[Marcus Antonius|Marci Antonii]]. [[Quinarius|Quinarios]] et [[Sestertius|sestertios]] quoque percussit&lt;ref&gt; Ernest Babelon, ''Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la République romaine'' t.II, 1885ː 438-441. [https://www.lesdioscures.com/1543an-denier-marc-antoine/ Apud Dioscuros denarius Marcum Antonium barbatum et velatum exhibens.] [https://www.lesdioscures.com/1548se-sesterce-sepullia-publius-sepullius-macer/ Ibidem sestertius ab eodem quattuorviro signatus]. Cf Michael Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', 1985ː 480&lt;/ref&gt;. Notus insuper erat orator Sepullius Bassus a [[Seneca maior|Seneca rhetore]] memoratus&lt;ref&gt;''Controversiae'', III 16-17 et 20–22&lt;/ref&gt;.

Alii Sepullii in monumentis funerariis memorantur, e quo apparet multos [[Patavium|Patavio]] oriundos fuisseː
* Gaius Sepullius C. l. Abdaeus, libertus Romae sepultus sive ultimis annis primi saeculi a.C.n. sive ineunte primo saeculo p.C.&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|6|19521}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Publius Sepullius P. l. Florens, [[Libertus|libertus]] [[Patavium|Patavii]] primo saeculo sepultus&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|5|3036}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Gaius Sepullius C. f. Maturus, in monumento ab Ettia C.f. Prima primo saeculo Patavii erecto sepultus&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|5|2948}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Publius Sepullius P. f. Tacitus, primo saeculo [[Patavium|Patavii]] sepultus.&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|5|3037}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gaius Sepullius Onesimus, officinator,  [[Patavium|Patavii]] sepultus&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|5|2885}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Gaius Sepullius C. f. Rufus, [[Cyzicus|Cyzici]] in [[Asia (provincia Romana)|Asia]], una cum uxore Caecinia L. f. Prima&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|3|373}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Sepullia Fausta, liberta, [[Tibicen|tibicinis]] Gai Urveili Pedonis uxor, [[Aquinum|Aquini]] sepulta.&lt;ref&gt;[[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210817110729/https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel.php?s_sprache=en&amp;p_belegstelle=AE+1974,+00235&amp;r_sortierung=Belegstelle 1974/235].&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sepullius quidam (servus?), secundo saeculo [[Interamna Lirenas Nova|Interamnae]] monumentum in  Timeti memoriam dedicavit &lt;ref&gt;[[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210817182811/https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel.php?s_sprache=en&amp;p_belegstelle=AE+2010,+00260&amp;r_sortierung=Belegstelle 2010/260].&lt;/ref&gt;.
Alias et in fictilibusː
* Publius Sepullius P. f., figulus cuius signaculum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]], in [[Gallia Narbonensis|Narbonensi]], in [[Liguria (provincia Romana)|Liguria]] [[Transpadana|Transpadanaque]] inventum est&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|12|05686,0819}}, {{CIL|5|8112}}, 76a-e.&lt;/ref&gt;.
Aut in aliis inscriptionibusː
* Item anno [[46 a.C.n.]] Marcus Sepullius quidam, inter [[Pompeii (urbs antiqua)|Pompeianorum]] magistros vici et compiti memoratur&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|4|60}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.
==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Categoria:Gens Sepullia| ]]
[[Categoria:Gentes Romanae]]</text>
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    <title>Dickson (colonia urbana)</title>
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      <text bytes="2129" sha1="fjjno7951jaf9qku510nj5riwozdzhm" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}{{videdis|Dickson}}
'''Dickson'''&lt;ref&gt;Idem nomen, ut [[insula Dickson|insulae]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Russice]] Диксон) est [[Colonia urbana|colonia urbana]] in [[territorium Crasnoiarense|territorio Crasnoiarensi]] [[Russia|Russiae]]. Sita est in ostio [[sinus Ieniseensis]] ad litus [[mare Karense|maris Karensis]]. Pars coloniae in [[insula Dickson]] aedificata est, pars in litore [[continens|continentali]]; eas partes [[fretum Vega]] dividit. Incolas 319 habuit anno 2021 (ad quinque milia [[decennium 199|annis octogesimis]] saeculi XX). Portus et [[locus habitatus]] perpetuus (non [[statio polaris|statio exploratoria]] vel militaris) est Russiae maxime septentrionalis.

[[fasciculus:Soviet Union-1965-Stamp-0.06. 50 Years of Dikson.jpg|thumb|Dickson in [[pittacium cursuale|pittacio cursuali]] [[URSS|Sovietico]] (1965)]]
==Historia==

[[Pomoria|Pomoris]] insula a saeculo XVII nota erat; anno 1610 [[Condratius Kuročkin]] [[Ienisea]]e ostium visitavit. Insula tunc ''Longa'' (''Dolgij'') vel ''Cosmae'' (''Kuz'kina'') nuncupabatur. Anno 1737 [[Charito Laptev]] hic navigavit et anno 1938 [[Theodorus Minin]], qui insulam ''Boreorientalem Maiorem'' nominavit. Anno 1875 [[Adolfus Nordenskiöld|Nordenskiöld]]ii expeditio hos locos exploravit; tunc nomen hodiernum insulae datum est.  Anno 1894 expeditio [[Andreas Vilkitzkij|Andreae Vilkitzkii]] hoc nomen confirmavit. 

Anno 1901 [[Eduardus de Toll]] primum aedificium ad carbonem servandum hic reliquit. Anno 1915 colonia maior cum stationibus [[statio radiophonica|radiophonica]] et [[statio meteorologica|meteorologica]] aedificabatur. Portus marinus anno 1934 construi coepit. [[Ludus litterarum]] anno 1943 apertus est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221214190433/http://dikson-taimyr.ru/ Situs proprius] {{ling|Russice}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221214190434/https://o-words.ru/dikson-snezhnoj-arktiki-stolica-chast-1/ Dicksonis historia] {{ling|Russice}}

[[Categoria:Territorium Crasnoiarense]]
[[Categoria:Portus oceani Arctici]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1916]]</text>
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    <title>Brachiopoda</title>
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      <text bytes="9645" sha1="3gt0uivgzppgwzro6y97wws5lty3i7e" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Lower Cambrian|Recent}}
| image = LingulaanatinaAA.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Lingula anatina]],'' brachiopus [[linguliformea|linguliforme]] inarticulatum
| image2 = Terebratalia transversa 141510036.jpg
| image2_caption = ''[[Terebratalia transversa]],'' brachiopus [[rhynchonelliformea|rhynconelliforme]] articulatum
| display_parents = 3
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = '''Brachiopoda'''
| taxon = Brachiopoda
| phylum_authority = [[Andreas Maria Constant Duméril|Duméril]], 1806
| subdivision_ranks = Subphyla et classes
| subdivision =
| diversity_ref = Cohen (2002): Brachiopoda ELS
| diversity_link = 
| diversity = Circa 100 genera viventia&lt;br/&gt;Cirac 5000 genera [[fossile|fossilia]]
}}
'''Brachiopoda''' sunt [[animalia]] nonnisi [[mare|marina]], immobilia, quorum [[corpus]] inter [[organum (biologia)|organa]] principalia lophophorum (coronam tentaculorum) habet et [[concha]] e duabus [[Valva (conchae)|valvis]] inaequalibus consistente tegitur. In [[taxinomia]] [[biologia|biologica]] tamquam [[phylum (taxinomia)|phylum]] habentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Giribet, G. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. (2020), ''The Invertebrate Tree of Life'' (Princeton–Oxford: Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691170251).&lt;/ref&gt; Brachiopoda hodierna pauca sunt, circa 100 [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]] cum circa 400 [[species|speciebus]];&lt;ref&gt;Ye, F., Shi, G. R. &amp; Bitner, M. A. (2021), &quot;Global biogeography of living brachiopods: Bioregionalization patterns and possible controls,&quot; ''PLoS ONE'' 16 (11): e0259004.&lt;/ref&gt; attamen numerus generum brachiopodorum [[fossile|fossilium]] plus quam 4200 est.&lt;ref&gt;Curry, G.B. &amp; Brunton, C.H.C. (2007), &quot;Stratigraphic distribution of brachiopods&quot; in Selden, P. (ed.), ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Brachiopoda'' (retractata), 6: 2901–3081 (Boulder–Lawrence: Geological Society of America &amp; University of Kansas Press).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historia investigationis ==
[[Fasciculus:Terebratalia tranverse.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|''Terebratalia transversa'', brachiopodum hodiernum, [[litus]] [[California]]e in [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]] [[habitatio|habitat]].]]
Nomen brachiopodorum e [[vocabulum|vocabulis]] Graecis βραχίων ‘[[brachium]]’ et πούς ‘[[pes]]’ compositum est, propter opinionem erroneam brachia lophophori extensibilia esse, iisque a brachiopodis tamquam pedibus ad gradiendum uti.&lt;ref&gt;Muir-Wood, H.M., 1955. ''A history of the classification of the phylum Brachiopoda.'' British Museum (Natural History), London.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoc nomen [[Andreas Maria Constans Duméril]] [[zoologus]] anno [[1805]] introduxit.&lt;ref&gt;Duméril, A.-M. C. 1805. ''Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l’aide de tableaux synoptiques.'' Allais, Paris. [‘1806’; de anno editionis vide Gregory, 2010, ''Zoological Bibliography'' 1(1): 6–8.].&lt;/ref&gt; Antea Brachiopoda inter [[Mollusca]] annumerabantur, ut puta apud [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeum]].

Cum brachiopoda fossilia multo plura hodiernis sint, a palaeontologis praesertim investigantur, rarius autem a zoologis.&lt;ref&gt;Carlson, S., 2016. The Evolution of Brachiopoda. ''Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences'', 44: 409-438.&lt;/ref&gt; Brachiopodologi congressum primum anno 1985 [[Brestia|Brestiae]] celebraverunt; anno 2018 octavus congressus brachiopodologicus [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] habitus est.&lt;ref&gt;Halamski, A.T., 2019. ''Eighth International Brachiopod Congress Milan, Italy, 11th-14th September, 2018.'' &lt;nowiki&gt;http://paleopolis.rediris.es/BrachNet/REF/Pub/halamski-2019.html&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ad brachiopoda investiganda structurae eorum interiores, quae in fossilibus plerumque visui non apparent, revelandae sunt. Unde frequenter brachiopodorum conchae fossiles in substantia abrasiva a palaeontologis teruntur poliunturque, quo fit, ut structurae interiores conchae observari possint, sed in fine concha destruitur. Quod methodus sectionum serialium dicitur.&lt;ref&gt;Sollas, W.J., 1904. A method for the investigation of fossils by serial sections. ''Philospohical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B'', 196: 259–265&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Croft, W.N., 1950. A parallel grinding instrument for the investigation of fossils by serial sections. ''Journal of Paleontology'', 24: 693–698.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descriptio ==
[[Fasciculus:PZSL1852PlateMollusca14.png|alt=Tabula, in qua aliquot conchae brachiopodorum hodiernorum delineantur|thumb|Brachiopoda hodierna]]

=== Concha ===
[[Concha]] (seu testa&lt;ref&gt;Nilsson, S., 1827. ''Petrificata Suecana formationis cretaceae, descripta et iconibus illustrata. Pars prior, Vertebrata et Mollusca sistens.'' Officina Berlingiana, Londini Gothorum.&lt;/ref&gt;) brachiopodorum e duabus valvis consistit, ideo conchae Molluscorum [[Bivalvia|bivalvium]] (seu Lamellibranchiatorum) vel nonnullorum [[Arthropoda|Arthropodorum]] (ut Ostracodorum vel Conchostracorum) similis est. Attamen apud Mollusca et Arthropoda ambae valvae symmetricae sunt respectu plani symmetriae inter eas siti (ideoque valva sinistra et dextra dicuntur); e contra, valvae conchae Brachiopodorum inaequales sunt, quarum una minor dorsalis vel brachialis dicitur, altera maior autem ventralis vel peduncularis. Planum symmetriae conchae brachiopodorum perpendiculare respectu plani inter valvas siti est.&lt;ref&gt;Roger, J., 1960. Brachiopodes fossiles. 1431–1499. In: Grassé, P.-P. (ed.), ''Traité de Zoologie. Tome V, fasc. 2.'' Masson, Paris.&lt;/ref&gt;

Conchae brachiopodorum plerumque parvae sunt; brachiopodum omnium maximum, ''Gigantoproductus'' dictum, tempore [[Carbonifera]] vivens, usque ad 37.5 cm tantum crescebat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Hyman, L.H., 1959. ''The Invertebrates. Volume V: Smaller coelomate groups.''  McGraw-Hill, New York–London–Toronto.&lt;/ref&gt; Conchae brachiopodorum tum e [[Carbonatum calcii|carbonate calcii]], tum e phosphate fiunt.&lt;ref&gt;Cusack, M., Walton, D. &amp; Curry, G.B., 1997. Shell biochemistry. 243–266. In: Kaesler, R.L. (ed.), ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Brachiopoda (revised), Volume 1.'' Geological Society of America &amp; University of Kansas Press, Boulder–Lawrence.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Corpus ===
Inter organa principalia brachiopodorum lophophorus, pallium et pedunculus habentur. Lophophorus corona tentaculorum est et semper cavum interius coelomaticum habet; ad [[victus|vescendum]] animali servit, qui eo ad colligendas particulas parvas quae in [[aqua salsa|aqua]] [[mare|maris]] inveniuntur (exempli gratia [[Diatomae|diatomeas]]) utitur. A pallio, totum corpus molle brachiopodi operiente, concha exhalatur. [[Pediculus|Pedunculus]], qui non semper adest, trans foramen pedunculare e concha exiens, eandem in substrato stabilit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Evolutio ==

=== Brachiopoda inter alia phyla animalium ===
Brachiopoda, [[bryozoa]], et [[phoronida]] lophophorum habent, quod cognationem eorum arctam demonstrat, unde haec tria phyla in [[superphylum]] [[Lophophorata|Lophophoratorum]] iunguntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Yuganotheca'', animal [[Cambrium|periodi Cambriae]] ad Chengjiang in Sina inventum, proprietates brachiopodorum phoronidorumque simul exhibet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Harper, D.A.T., Popov, L.E. &amp; Holmer, L.E., 2017. Brachiopods: origin and early history. ''Palaeontology'', 60 (5): 609-631.&lt;/ref&gt; Lophophorata subdivisio Lophotrochozoorum, Lophotrochozoa (ad quae [[Annelida]] et Mollusca pertinent) subdivisio [[Protostomia|Protostomiorum]] est.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Historia brachiopodorum ===
Brachiopoda antiquissima in stratis stadii secundi [[Cambrium|Cambrii]] reperiuntur,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; sunt ergo antiquiores [[Trilobita|trilobitis]] nonnisi in stadio tertio apparentium.&lt;ref&gt;Holmes, J. D. &amp; Budd. G. E., 2022. Reassessing a cryptic history of early trilobite evolution. ''Communications Biology'', 5: 1177. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04146-6.&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Per totam [[Palaeozoicum|aeram Palaeozoicam]] brachiopoda inter animalia in maris frequentissima inveniebantur. In [[Devonium|Devonio]] [[Oecosystema|oecosystemata]] brachiopodeta dicta aderant, tamquam prata marina a permultis brachiopodis obsita. In [[Permium|Permio]] brachiopoda quaedam [[scopulus curalii|scopulos]] aedificabant, ut hodie [[anthozoa]]. Post [[Exstinctio Permia Triassica|catastrophen]] quae Palaeozoicum a [[Mesozoicum|Mesozoico]] (scilicet [[Permium]] a [[Triassicum|Triassico]]) separat brachiopoda paulatim rariora facta sunt. In iisdem oecosystematibus, ubi in Palaeozoico brachiopoda molluscis bivalvibus frequentiora fuerunt, in Mesozoico et [[Caenozoicum|Caenozoico]] bivalvia plura quam brachiopoda sunt.&lt;ref&gt;Gould, Stephen J. &amp; Calloway, C. B., 1980. Clams and brachiopods—ships that pass in the night. ''Paleobiology'', 6 (4): 383-96.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Kaesler, R., ed. [[1997]]–[[2006]]. ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H, Brachiopoda (revised).'' Vol. 1 (1997), vols 2–3 (2000), vol. 4 (2002), vol. 5 (2006). Geological Society of America &amp; University of Kansas Press.
* Rudwick, M. J. S. [[1970]]. ''Living and fossil brachiopods.'' Londinii: Hutchinson University Library.
* Selden, P., ed. [[2007]]. ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H, Brachiopoda (revised).'' Vol. 6. Geological Society of America &amp; University of Kansas Press.

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250214070631/http://paleopolis.rediris.es/BrachNet/index.htm &quot;BRACHNET,&quot;] pagina de brachiopodis brachiopodologisque apud situm paleopolis.rediris.es.

[[Categoria:Animalia]]
[[Categoria:Animalia classificatione digesta]]
[[Categoria:Bilateria]]
[[Categoria:Phyla animalium]]</text>
      <sha1>3gt0uivgzppgwzro6y97wws5lty3i7e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Homines hac in categoria secundum annum ultimum vitae/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>307720</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979339</id>
      <parentid>3977134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:26:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+{{[[Formula:Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3979339</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2217" sha1="n0e0dioib82qfnya24ks06cfzvyflp9" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Hic sunt automata|UVbot}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita|Homines}}
{{Formula tabularia|censens=homines in categoriis Vicipaediae|prodens=singillatim|praeclusio=Robota Vicipaediae data redintegrabunt.|Data|Data1|Data2|Data3|Data4|Data5|Data6|Data7|Data8|Data9|Data10}}

Adde hanc metaformulam cuidam '''categoriae''' ut prospectum hominum ibi enumeratorum, secundum ultimum annum vitae ordinatorum, creet.

== De usu ==

'''Codex manuscriptus:'''

&lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Homines hac in categoria secundum annum ultimum vitae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

== Nexus utiles ==
* Adde hanc formulam ad has categoriarum paginas: [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=la&amp;depth=999&amp;categories=Homines&amp;negcats=Homines+per+annos+natales+digesti%0D%0AHomines+per+ultimos+vitae+annos+digesti&amp;ns%5B14%5D=1&amp;templates_no=Homines+hac+in+categoria+secundum+annum+ultimum+vitae&amp;sortby=ns_title]
* Remove hanc formulam ex his paginis: [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=la&amp;depth=99&amp;categories=Homines+per+annos+natales+digesti%0D%0AHomines+per+ultimos+vitae+annos+digesti&amp;comb%5Bunion%5D=1&amp;ns%5B0%5D=1&amp;ns%5B2%5D=1&amp;ns%5B4%5D=1&amp;ns%5B6%5D=1&amp;ns%5B8%5D=1&amp;ns%5B10%5D=1&amp;ns%5B12%5D=1&amp;ns%5B14%5D=1&amp;ns%5B100%5D=1&amp;ns%5B1%5D=1&amp;ns%5B3%5D=1&amp;ns%5B5%5D=1&amp;ns%5B7%5D=1&amp;ns%5B9%5D=1&amp;ns%5B11%5D=1&amp;ns%5B13%5D=1&amp;ns%5B15%5D=1&amp;ns%5B101%5D=1&amp;templates_any=Homines+hac+in+categoria+secundum+annum+ultimum+vitae&amp;sortby=ns_title&amp;ext_image_data=1]

== Vide quoque ==
* [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data|Data]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data1|Data1]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data2|Data2]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data3|Data3]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data4|Data4]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data5|Data5]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data6|Data6]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data7|Data7]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data8|Data8]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data9|Data9]], [[Formula:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Data10|Data10]] (do not update this data yourself, as it will be updated by dump analysis)

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n0e0dioib82qfnya24ks06cfzvyflp9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Appendicula de hac pagina</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>308530</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979391</id>
      <parentid>3790688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:44:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Minora</comment>
      <origin>3979391</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="408" sha1="gukc2l7japhnzqvqcs0bb22d2eadwyf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#tag:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|div|h2}}|De hac pagina|style=border: none; text-align: right; font-size: .8em; position: relative; font-family: sans-serif; margin: 2em 0 .5em 0; padding: 0; clear: both;}}{{#if:{{{1|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right; margin: .5em 0; font-size: .8em; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;
{{#if:x|{{{1}}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gukc2l7japhnzqvqcs0bb22d2eadwyf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Nuntium de pagina mensis/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>309100</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979392</id>
      <parentid>3920099</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:47:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3979392</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2444" sha1="ej75nyer86waa8tk8hm0f8lttyqbf7k" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}
{{Compendia formulae|PagMens}}

Insere hanc formulam in {{Fn|Appendicula de hac pagina}} ad usores mondendos ut pagina fuerit [[Vicipaedia:Pagina mensis|pagina mensis]].

Paginae quae hac formula utuntur in [[:Categoria:Paginae mensis]] numerabuntur.

== De usu ==
Duo argumenta anonyma acceptantur: mensis et annus.

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{PagMens|4|2023}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{PagMens|propositum=exhibitio|4|2023}}
* {{vvt|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;PagMens{{!}}{{CURRENTMONTH1}}{{!}}{{CURRENTYEAR}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
*: ↳ {{PagMens|propositum=exhibitio|{{CURRENTMONTH1}}|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}
* {{vvt|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;PagMens{{!}}{{#time:n{{!}}Y|now + 2 months}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
*: ↳ {{PagMens|propositum=exhibitio|{{#time:n|now + 2 months}}|{{#time:Y|now + 2 months}}}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{PagMens}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{PagMens|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus plenus mense labente:'''

{{fvt|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Appendicula de hac pagina|
{{PagMens|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTMONTH1}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTYEAR}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}

'''Effectus:'''

{{Appendicula de hac pagina|propositum=exhibitio|
{{PagMens|propositum=exhibitio|{{CURRENTMONTH1}}|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}
}}

== De formula adhibenda ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Insere hanc formulam in {{Appendicula de hac pagina}} ad usores mondendos ut pagina fuerit pagina mensis.&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Mensis&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Mensis ostentus&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;4&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Annus&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Annus ostentus&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;2023&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Paginae mensis}}
* [[Vicipaedia:Pagina mensis]]
* {{Fn|Capsa disputationis de pagina mensis}}
* {{Fn|FA stella}}
* {{Fn|PaginaMensis}}
* {{Fn|TranslHebd}}
* {{Fn|Appendicula de hac pagina}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae de paginis honoratis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ej75nyer86waa8tk8hm0f8lttyqbf7k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dingo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>310728</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979407</id>
      <parentid>3812675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:14:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979407</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1438" sha1="s5d2xm7nu5u00g0z1pd2x55utrs2qdg" xml:space="preserve">{{Vicificanda}}
[[Fasciculus:Dingo (Canis lupus dingo) Kakadu 2.jpg|thumb|Dingo prope Aquam Flavam&lt;!--Yelllow Water--&gt; in {{Creanda|en|Kakadu National Park|Hortus Nationalis Kakadu|Horto Cacatuarum Nationali}} [[Territorium Septentrionale (Australia)|Territorii Septentrionalis]] Australiae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Dingo-Distribution-Fleming.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Regio ubi habitat.]]
'''Dingo''' (gen. ''dingonis''&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [https://books.google.ru/books?id=NOVwAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=canem+flavidum+dingonem&amp;dq=canem+flavidum+dingonem&amp;hl=ru&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwivtJGyo--DAxUTJhAIHfQvDaoQ6AF6BAgEEAI ''Latin Teaching'', vol. 36, 1981, pp. 55, 58, 59] (e &quot;Nenia senis Kangarunis&quot;, versione Latina ''The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo'', fabulae [[Rudyard Kipling|Rudyardi Kipling]]).&lt;/ref&gt;), recte '''''Canis familiaris dingo''''' vel '''''Canis dingo''''' et '''''Canis lupus dingo''''', est [[canis]] qui in [[Australia]] habitat. Hic canis est mediae magnitudinis. [[Corpus]] habet longum et angustum; aptus celeritati, agilitati, patientiae est.

[[Saepes dingonum]] longissima per totam [[Australia]]m extenta partem continentem austrorientalem, ubi oves pascuntur, a dingonibus, ceteram Australiam sicciorem incolentibus, defendit. 

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes biologici}}

[[Categoria:Mammalia Australiae]]&lt;!--
[[Categoria:Varietates animalium]]--&gt;
[[Categoria:Varietates canum]]
[[Categoria:Verba Anglica]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio Vicipaediae:De categoriis</title>
    <ns>5</ns>
    <id>313962</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979559</id>
      <parentid>3978162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:56:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* De ordine paginarum in categoriis */</comment>
      <origin>3979559</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1802" sha1="es159ub2mycueerj1q1lxilkhzy2qxf" xml:space="preserve">{{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}}

Disputationes veteres:
{{Specialis:Praefixa/{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Tabularium}}

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
[[Vicipaedia:De categoriis#De ordine paginarum in categoriis|Hanc tabellam]] paginae addidi. Signa &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt; et ''nihil'' iam diu in usu Vicipaediano sunt; signa &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; (videantur formulae {{Fn|Metaformula tantum}} et {{Fn|Metaformula quoque}}) et &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt; (videatur formula {{Fn|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita}}) a me proposita sunt. Quaeso, si aliud proponere vultis, ferte hic vestras sententias. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:01, 5 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Ego viginti annos adhuc usque &quot;!&quot; ad paginam principalem categoriarum indicandum misi. Differentiam inter &quot;!&quot; et &quot;[nihil]&quot; nunquam intellegi. Si melius erit &quot;[nihil]&quot; uti, utor. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:45, 6 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:: [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrea]], nescio quid sit melius, sed signa distinguere oportet, et significationes eorum a nobis constituendae sunt. Mihi videtur adhuc plura signa adhibita esse ad paginas principales indicandas—e.g. ''nihil'' in pagina “[[Roma]]” (i.e. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;), quae [[:Categoria:Roma|sic in sua categoria patescit]], signum &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; in pagina “[[Ars]]”, quae [[:Categoria:Ars|sic in sua categoria patescit]], signum &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt; in pagina “[[Geographia]]”, quae [[:Categoria:Geographia|sic in sua categoria patescit]], et cetera. Mea sententia, oportet unum signum tantum tamquam normam statuere atque ubique constanter adhibere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:57, 6 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>es159ub2mycueerj1q1lxilkhzy2qxf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979560</id>
      <parentid>3979559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:57:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De ordine paginarum in categoriis */</comment>
      <origin>3979560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1966" sha1="t80etnfwsj65mx4owog06h9tqf3dy4y" xml:space="preserve">{{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}}

Disputationes veteres:
{{Specialis:Praefixa/{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Tabularium}}

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
[[Vicipaedia:De categoriis#De ordine paginarum in categoriis|Hanc tabellam]] paginae addidi. Signa &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt; et ''nihil'' iam diu in usu Vicipaediano sunt; signa &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; (videantur formulae {{Fn|Metaformula tantum}} et {{Fn|Metaformula quoque}}) et &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt; (videatur formula {{Fn|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita}}) a me proposita sunt. Quaeso, si aliud proponere vultis, ferte hic vestras sententias. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:01, 5 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Ego viginti annos adhuc usque &quot;!&quot; ad paginam principalem categoriarum indicandum misi. Differentiam inter &quot;!&quot; et &quot;[nihil]&quot; nunquam intellegi. Si melius erit &quot;[nihil]&quot; uti, utor. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:45, 6 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:: [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrea]], nescio quid sit melius, sed signa distinguere oportet, et significationes eorum a nobis constituendae sunt. Mihi videtur adhuc plura signa adhibita esse ad paginas principales indicandas—e.g. ''nihil'' in pagina “[[Roma]]” (i.e. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;), quae [[:Categoria:Roma|sic in sua categoria patescit]], signum &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; in pagina “[[Ars]]”, quae [[:Categoria:Ars|sic in sua categoria patescit]], signum &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt; in pagina “[[Geographia]]”, quae [[:Categoria:Geographia|sic in sua categoria patescit]], et cetera. Mea sententia, oportet unum signum tantum tamquam normam statuere atque ubique constanter adhibere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:57, 6 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::: {{tpe|Nova}} Interim etiam alia signa inveni, quae tabellae addidi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:57, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>t80etnfwsj65mx4owog06h9tqf3dy4y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979561</id>
      <parentid>3979560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:57:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* De ordine paginarum in categoriis */</comment>
      <origin>3979561</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1974" sha1="kmw683b1v9csz35ok6egfrlyjq7fpz6" xml:space="preserve">{{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}}

Disputationes veteres:
{{Specialis:Praefixa/{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Tabularium}}

== De ordine paginarum in categoriis ==
[[Vicipaedia:De categoriis#De ordine paginarum in categoriis|Hanc tabellam]] paginae addidi. Signa &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt; et ''nihil'' iam diu in usu Vicipaediano sunt; signa &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; (videantur formulae {{Fn|Metaformula tantum}} et {{Fn|Metaformula quoque}}) et &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt; (videatur formula {{Fn|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita}}) a me proposita sunt. Quaeso, si aliud proponere vultis, ferte hic vestras sententias. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:01, 5 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Ego viginti annos adhuc usque &quot;!&quot; ad paginam principalem categoriarum indicandum misi. Differentiam inter &quot;!&quot; et &quot;[nihil]&quot; nunquam intellegi. Si melius erit &quot;[nihil]&quot; uti, utor. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:45, 6 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:: [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrea]], nescio quid sit melius, sed signa distinguere oportet, et significationes eorum a nobis constituendae sunt. Mihi videtur adhuc plura signa adhibita esse ad paginas principales indicandas—e.g. ''nihil'' in pagina “[[Roma]]” (i.e. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Categoria:Roma| ]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;), quae [[:Categoria:Roma|sic in sua categoria patescit]], signum &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; in pagina “[[Ars]]”, quae [[:Categoria:Ars|sic in sua categoria patescit]], signum &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt; in pagina “[[Geographia]]”, quae [[:Categoria:Geographia|sic in sua categoria patescit]], et cetera. Mea sententia, oportet unum signum tantum tamquam normam statuere atque ubique constanter adhibere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:57, 6 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::: {{tpe|Nova}} Interim etiam alia signa usitata inveni, quae tabellae addidi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:57, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>kmw683b1v9csz35ok6egfrlyjq7fpz6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Stanleius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>316127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979367</id>
      <parentid>3962369</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Stanley]] ad [[Stanleius]] praeter redirectionem: Sic formulā {{[[Formula:Movenda|Movenda]]}} suadetur</comment>
      <origin>3962369</origin>
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      <text bytes="1831" sha1="px9euda1i71aqd8a9rz612cir601nyu" xml:space="preserve">{{Movenda|Stanleius}}
{{Titulus italicus}}
{{Disnomen}}
{{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Anglica|significatio=&quot;pratum petrarum&quot;|imago=Stan Laurel c1920.jpg|capitulum=[[Stan Laurel]], actor Anglicus}}

'''''Stanleius''''',&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Quorum præcipui erant Gulielmus Stanleius hospitii regis camerarius&quot; apud librum Anglicum ''The Works of Francis Bacon'' (1826): 387 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Works_of_Francis_Bacon_Baron_of_Veru/U1CnumF4eAoC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Gulielmus+Stanleius&amp;pg=PA387&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''''Stanleyus''''',&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hoc enim Stanleyus quidem expresse profitetur&quot; ; Franciscus Xaverius Patritius, ''De Evangeliis, Vol. 2'' (Friburgi Brisgoviae, 1853): 311 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Evangeliis/3d8p-17NPKYC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=stanleyus&amp;pg=PA311&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; vulgo '''''Stanley''''', est [[cognomen]], nomen et [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Anglice|Anglicum]], quod a [[vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''stan'' (id est 'saxum') et ''leah'' (id est 'pratum') derivatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. &quot;[https://www.behindthename.com/name/stanley Stanley]&quot;. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Qui hoc cognomen habuerint ==
* [[Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley]]
* [[Thomas Bahnson Stanley]]
* [[Wendell Meredith Stanley]]

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==
* [[Claudius Stanley Choules]]
* [[Arthurus Stanley Jefferson]], magis notus ut Stan Laurel

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Stanley Baldwin]]
* [[Stanley Bruce]]
* [[Stanley Cavell]]
* [[Stanley Clisby Arthur]]
* [[Stanley Cohen]]
* [[Stanley Graham Stephens]]
* [[Stanley Holloway]]
* [[Stanley Kubrick]]
* [[Stanley B. Prusiner]]
* [[Stanley Rous]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
* [[Stanley Whittingham]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[9626 Stanley]], asteroides
[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]</text>
      <sha1>px9euda1i71aqd8a9rz612cir601nyu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979370</id>
      <parentid>3979367</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:59:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3979370</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1849" sha1="c8owbj69wwbcgedycnxe7ih8qh895e1" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Anglica
	| significatio = “pratum petrarum”
	| imago = Stan Laurel c1920.jpg
	| capitulum = [[Stan Laurel]], actor Anglicus
}}

{{res|Stanleius}},&lt;ref&gt;“Quorum præcipui erant Gulielmus {{lectio|Stanleius}} hospitii regis camerarius” apud librum Anglicum ''The Works of Francis Bacon'' (1826): 387 [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Works_of_Francis_Bacon_Baron_of_Veru/U1CnumF4eAoC?gbpv=1&amp;dq=Gulielmus+Stanleius&amp;pg=PA387&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Stanleyus}},&lt;ref&gt;“Hoc enim {{lectio|Stanleyus}} quidem expresse profitetur” ; Franciscus Xaverius Patritius, ''De Evangeliis, Vol. 2'' (Friburgi Brisgoviae, 1853): 311 [https://www.google.com/books/edition/De_Evangeliis/3d8p-17NPKYC?gbpv=1&amp;dq=stanleyus&amp;pg=PA311&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; vulgo ''Stanley'', est [[cognomen]], nomen et [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Anglice|Anglicum]], quod a [[vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''stan'' (id est 'saxum') et ''leah'' (id est 'pratum') derivatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/stanley Stanley]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Qui hoc cognomen habuerint ==
* [[Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley]]
* [[Thomas Bahnson Stanley]]
* [[Wendell Meredith Stanley]]

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==
* [[Claudius Stanley Choules]]
* [[Arthurus Stanley Jefferson]], magis notus ut Stan Laurel

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Stanley Baldwin]]
* [[Stanley Bruce]]
* [[Stanley Cavell]]
* [[Stanley Clisby Arthur]]
* [[Stanley Cohen]]
* [[Stanley Graham Stephens]]
* [[Stanley Holloway]]
* [[Stanley Kubrick]]
* [[Stanley B. Prusiner]]
* [[Stanley Rous]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
* [[Stanley Whittingham]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[9626 Stanley]], asteroides
[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]</text>
      <sha1>c8owbj69wwbcgedycnxe7ih8qh895e1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979371</id>
      <parentid>3979370</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <minor />
      <origin>3979371</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1857" sha1="7ch25gkcxat9m9tupi5cwv1r0747s2p" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Anglica
	| significatio = “pratum petrarum”
	| imago = Stan Laurel c1920.jpg
	| capitulum = [[Stan Laurel]], actor Anglicus
}}

{{res|Stanleius}},&lt;ref&gt;“Quorum præcipui erant Gulielmus {{lectio|Stanleius}} hospitii regis camerarius” apud librum Anglicum ''The Works of Francis Bacon'' (1826): 387 [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Works_of_Francis_Bacon_Baron_of_Veru/U1CnumF4eAoC?gbpv=1&amp;dq=Gulielmus+Stanleius&amp;pg=PA387&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Stanleyus}},&lt;ref&gt;“Hoc enim {{lectio|Stanleyus}} quidem expresse profitetur” ; Franciscus Xaverius Patritius, ''De Evangeliis, Vol. 2'' (Friburgi Brisgoviae, 1853): 311 [https://www.google.com/books/edition/De_Evangeliis/3d8p-17NPKYC?gbpv=1&amp;dq=stanleyus&amp;pg=PA311&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; vulgo ''Stanley'', est [[cognomen]], nomen et [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Anglice|Anglicum]], quod a [[vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''stan'' (id est ‘saxum’) et ''leah'' (id est ‘pratum’) derivatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/stanley Stanley]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Qui hoc cognomen habuerint ==
* [[Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley]]
* [[Thomas Bahnson Stanley]]
* [[Wendell Meredith Stanley]]

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==
* [[Claudius Stanley Choules]]
* [[Arthurus Stanley Jefferson]], magis notus ut Stan Laurel

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Stanley Baldwin]]
* [[Stanley Bruce]]
* [[Stanley Cavell]]
* [[Stanley Clisby Arthur]]
* [[Stanley Cohen]]
* [[Stanley Graham Stephens]]
* [[Stanley Holloway]]
* [[Stanley Kubrick]]
* [[Stanley B. Prusiner]]
* [[Stanley Rous]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
* [[Stanley Whittingham]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[9626 Stanley]], asteroides
[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]</text>
      <sha1>7ch25gkcxat9m9tupi5cwv1r0747s2p</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Personificatio</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>319357</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979513</id>
      <parentid>3972591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:05:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de dea Cura</comment>
      <origin>3979513</origin>
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      <text bytes="1252" sha1="keksgznipn11ncf6zja24dzfhsyab2p" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Britannia2.jpg|thumb|[[Britannia (dea)|Britannia]], personificata [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regni]]]]
[[Fasciculus:CathedralOfTrier_Skeleton.JPG|thumb|[[Mors (personificatio)|Mors]] personificata cum [[falx|falce]]]]
'''Personificatio''' est [[figura dicendi]] quae rem vel [[abstractio]]nem ut [[ens|entem]] [[homo sapiens|humanum]] exprimet.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.oed.com/dictionary/personification_n?tab=meaning_and_use#30966621 De personoficatione] (''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'').&lt;/ref&gt;

In [[ars|arte]], personificatio rem non humana vel [[civitas|civitates]] quasi hominis actionem repraesentat, cum charactero [[motus animi]] ut [[metaphora]]. Personificatio saepe in [[ars oculorum|arte oculorum]] adhibetur.

== Exempli personificatio ==
*[[Abundantia (dea)]]
*[[Aeon]]
*[[Ate (mythologia)]]
*[[Britannia (dea)]]
*[[Cura]]
*[[Fortuna (dea)]]
*[[Harmonia]]
*[[Irene (mythologia)]]
*[[Laetitia (dea)]]
*[[Mors (personificatio)]]
*[[Nemesis]]
*[[Parcae]]
*[[Proioxis]]
*[[Rhenus (personificatio)]]
*[[Selene]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Personifications|Personificationes}}

[[Categoria:Ars rhetorica]]
[[Categoria:Figurae orationis]]
[[Categoria:Litterae]]
[[Categoria:Personificationes]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Index municipiorum pagi Genavae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321450</id>
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      <text bytes="3712" sha1="dj3pqrmzkt4qc6peo5n2wux9el0ldoq" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Switzerland Locator Map GE.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Tabula pagi Genavae in Helvetia]]
[[Fasciculus:Karte Gemeinden des Kantons Genf farbig 2011.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Tabula pagi Genavae secundum repartitionem municipiorum anno [[2011]].]]
Hic est index municipiorum [[Genava (pagus)|Pagi Genavae]], cui subsunt municipia 45 numero anno 1931.&lt;ref name=&quot;Document90142&quot;&gt;{{opus
 | url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.90142.xls
 | titulus=Officialis index municipiorum helveticorum - 01.01.2012
 | domus editoria=Office fédéral de la statistique
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Caput pagi est urbs [[Genava]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+ Municipia
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Nomen 
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|  Numerus OFS&lt;ref name=&quot;Document90142&quot; /&gt; 
|-
| [[Aeria Villa]] 
| 6601 
|-
| [[Anières]] 
| 6602 
|-
| [[Avully]] 
| 6603 
|-
| [[Avusy]] 
| 6604 
|-
| [[Bardonacum]] 
| 6605 
|-
| [[Bellevue]] 
| 6606 
|-
| [[Bernex]] 
| 6607 
|-
| [[Quadruvium]] 
| 6608 
|-
| [[Cartiniacum]] 
| 6609 
|-
| [[Siliniacum]] 
| 6610 
|-
| [[Chancy]] 
| 6611 
|-
| [[Chêne-Bougeries]] 
| 6612 
|-
| [[Quercus (Helvetiae vicus)|Quercus]] 
| 6613 
|-
| [[Choulex]] 
| 6614 
|-
| [[Coliacum-Bocium]] 
| 6615 
|-
| [[Collonge-Bellerive]] 
| 6616 
|-
| [[Colonia Allobrogum]] 
| 6617 
|-
| [[Cofiniacum]] 
| 6618 
|-
| [[Corsiacum]] 
| 6619 
|-
| [[Dardaniacum]] 
| 6620 
|-
| [[Genava]] 
| 6621 
|-
| [[Genthod]] 
| 6622 
|-
| [[Gy (Genava)|Gy]] 
| 6624 
|-
| [[Armentia]] 
| 6625 
|-
| [[Jussiacum]] 
| 6626 
|-
| [[Laconnex]] 
| 6627 
|-
| [[Lanciacus]] 
| 6628 
|-
| [[Le Grand-Saconnex]] 
| 6623 
|-
| [[Meinier]] 
| 6629 
|-
| [[Meyrin]] 
| 6630 
|-
| [[Onex]] 
| 6631 
|-
| [[Perliacum-Sartoux]] 
| 6632 
|-
| [[Plan-les-Ouates]] 
| 6633 
|-
| [[Priniacum-Sambesie]] 
| 6634 
|-
| [[Presingium]] 
| 6635 
|-
| [[Puplinge]] 
| 6636 
|-
| [[Russin]] 
| 6637 
|-
| [[Satiniacum]] 
| 6638 
|-
| [[Soral]] 
| 6639 
|-
| [[Thônex]] 
| 6640 
|-
| [[Triuniacum]] 
| 6641 
|-
| [[Vandœuvres]] 
| 6642 
|-
| [[Vernier (Genava)|Vernier]] 
| 6643 
|-
| [[Versoix]] 
| 6644 
|-
| [[Veyrier]]
| 6645 
|-
|}

Ad septentrionalem orientalem partem, municipium [[Siliniacum]] non contigua est reliquo territorio pagi; ex duobus fragmentis distinctis constat, in [[Valdensis (pagus)|pago Valdensi]] inclusis.

== Regiones genavenses ==
=== Champagne ===
[[Champagne]] componitur a septem municipiis:
*Aire-la-Ville
*Avully
*Avusy
*Cartiniacum
*Chancy
*Laconnex
*Soral

=== Mandement ===
[[Mandement]] est regio vini quae componitur a tribus municipiis:
*Dardaniacum
*Russin
*Satiniacum

=== Campagna genavensis ===
Campagna genavensis componitur a sequentibus municipiis&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus|titulus=LA CAMPAGNE GENEVOISE -STRUCTURE DE LA POPULATION|pagina=2|locus=Genavae|tempus=1980|url=https://www.ge.ch/statistique/tel/publications/1980/hors_collection/ocstat/hc-ocstat-1980-10.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; :
*Avusy
*Cartiniacum
*Choulex
*Coliacum-Bocium
*Dardaniacum
*Gy
*Jussiacum
*Laconnex
*Meinier
*Presingium
*Russin
*Satiniacum
*Soral
*Triuniacum

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{ling|francice}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080723212011/http://www.communal.ch/ Index helveticorum communium]
* {{ling|francice}} {{opus|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/bases-statistiques/repertoire-officiel-communes-suisse.assetdetail.33807962.html|titulus=Les 2121 communes de la Suisse au 1.1.2025 |domus editoria=www.bfs.admin.ch}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021010747/https://ge.ch/noms-geographiques/ Nomina pagi Genavae]

{{geo-stipula}}
{{Municipia Genavae}}
{{Helvetia}}
[[Categoria:Municipia Helvetiae]]
[[Categoria:Genava (pagus)]]</text>
      <sha1>dj3pqrmzkt4qc6peo5n2wux9el0ldoq</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Monitus de adumbratione recensenda/capsa</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>323978</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979333</id>
      <parentid>3979289</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:04:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Non semper textus de adumbratione capituli ostendendus est</comment>
      <origin>3979333</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4496" sha1="190c27gtp51h1k29xug115zhhlikina" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#if:{{{adumbratio-abest}}}||!}}{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME:{{{pagina}}}}}|||!}}
	| {{#if:{{{pagina-abest|}}}{{{redirectio-paginae|}}}{{{capitulum|}}}
		| {{Capsa recensionis
			| titulus = {{#if:{{{adumbratio-abest|}}}|Nova|Haec est}} [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|adumbratio]] {{#if:{{{capitulum|}}}|capituli}}
			| imago = Twemoji2 1f4dd.svg
			| color = #607D8B
			| pigmentum = var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5)
			| 1 =

{{#if:{{{capitulum|}}}
	| Capitulum “[[{{{pagina}}}#{{{capitulum}}}|{{{pagina}}} §&amp;nbsp;{{{capitulum}}}]]”
	| {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER:{{{pagina}}}}}|0|Commentatio|Pagina}} “[[{{{pagina}}}]]{{#if:{{{redirectio-paginae|}}}
		| ” (quae {{#ifeq:{{{redirectio-paginae|}}}|{{{adumbratio|}}}
			| huc
			| ad “[[{{{redirectio-paginae}}}]]”
		}} redigit)
		| ”
	}}
}}, nomine caduco “'''{{{adumbratio}}}'''”, hic {{#if:{{{adumbratio-abest|}}}
	| parabitur. Adumbratio creata, aucta
	| paratur. Adumbratio aucta
}} et demum finita ponitor in spatium nominale {{Sin secus|{{NAMESPACE:{{{pagina}}}}}|encyclopaedicum|&lt;code&gt;|:&lt;/code&gt;}}.

{{#if:{{{capitulum|}}}
	| {{#if:{{{redirectio-paginae|}}}{{{pagina-abest|}}}
		| {{Capsa monitus
			| 1 = [[Imago:Simple warning.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] Pagina “[[{{{pagina}}}]]” {{#if:{{{redirectio-paginae|}}}
				| {{#ifeq:{{{redirectio-paginae|}}}|{{{adumbratio|}}}
					| hic
					| ad “[[{{{redirectio-paginae}}}]]”
				}} redigit.
				| abest.
			}}
		}}
	}}
}}

		}}
		| {{Capsa recensionis
			| imago = Important2.svg
			| color = var(--background-color-content-removed, #ffe49c)
			| pigmentum = var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5)
			| titulus = {{#if:{{{adumbratio-abest|}}}
				| Novum testimonium [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|adumbrationis]] perfectae
				| {{#if:{{{redirectio-adumbrationis|}}}
					| Hoc est testimonium [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|adumbrationis]] perfectae
					| Oportet hanc adumbrationem facere [[Vicipaedia:Redirectio|redirectionem]]!
				}}
			}}
			| 1 =

Cave! Pagina “[[{{Sin secus|{{{redirectio-adumbrationis}}}|{{{pagina}}}}}]]” iam creata est! {{#if:{{{adumbratio-abest|}}}
	| Si hic parata erat, tibi licet tantummodo sequentem vicitextum hic scribere:
	| {{#if:{{{redirectio-adumbrationis|}}}
		| Nisi deleri cupitur, oportet hanc paginam manere [[Vicipaedia:Redirectio|redirectionem]]. Tibi licet tantummodo sequentem vicitextum hic scribere:
		| Scribe:
	}}
}}

{{Folium vicitextuale|#REDIRECT [[{{Sin secus|{{{redirectio-adumbrationis|}}}|{{{pagina}}}}}]]&lt;nowiki&gt;

{{De hac redirectione}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

{{murmur|(Aliae formulae, velut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Confestim delenda}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Pagina retracta}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc., vel categoriae)}}}}

Si pagina “[[{{Sin secus|{{{redirectio-adumbrationis|}}}|{{{pagina}}}}}]]” nondum quartum mensem egit, etiam potes {{Nexus cum parametris
	| wpReason = Locus opportunior
	| prefix = {{ns:118}}:
	| wpNewTitle = {{{pagina}}}
	| 1 = Special:MovePage/{{{pagina}}}
	| 2 = huc eam movere
}}{{Idcirco verbatim|{{{redirectio-adumbrationis|}}}| (si huic redirectioni sunt emendationes, in pagina movenda tibi scribendum erit: {{Versus vicitextualis|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Confestim movenda praeter redirectionem|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{adumbratio}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}})}}{{#if:{{#if:{{{adumbratio-abest|}}}|+|{{#if:{{{redirectio-adumbrationis|}}}|+}}}}

	|

. Si autem novam sectionem paginae in spatium adumbrationum parare vis, scribe nomen capituli hic infra.

{{{!}} style=&quot;margin: 2em auto;&quot;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; {{!}} Novum capitulum paginae “[[{{{pagina}}}]]” adumbrandum:
{{!}}-
{{!}} {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#tag:inputbox|
	type = create
	break = no
	width = 48em
	prefix = {{{adumbratio}}}/§&amp;#32;
	summary = Prima adumbratio
	preload = Vicipaedia:Exemplaria communia/Adumbratio capituli
	placeholder = Scribe hic nomen capituli adumbrandi (e.g. “Nexus externi”)
	buttonlabel = Parare
}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size: x-small&quot; {{!}} (litterae capitaneae minusculaeque capituli recto modo scribendae sunt)
{{!}}}

	| .

}}

		}}
	}}
	| {{Monitus de titulo per virgulam obliquam finito}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}{{Formula in nuntiis systematis adhibita|custodes=usores
	| r3949391 = Formula:Monitus de adumbratione recensenda/inspectio
	| Capsa recensionis
	| Folium vicitextuale
	| Idcirco verbatim
	| Monitus de titulo per virgulam obliquam finito
	| Murmur
	| Nexus cum parametris
	| Sin secus
	| Versus vicitextualis
}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>190c27gtp51h1k29xug115zhhlikina</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quod spiritu David precinuit</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>324412</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979494</id>
      <parentid>3979175</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:46:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Descriptio */</comment>
      <origin>3979494</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3987" sha1="iug6cd5shbpx89i8hvx8ye7yzk2ojjt" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lres|Quod spiritu David precinuit}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLVIII reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De cruce signatis 46–55
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo5.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
Quod spiritu David precinuit,
nunc exposuit
nobis Deus, et sic innotuit.
Sarracenus sepulcrum polluit,
quo recubuit,
qui pro nobis crucifixus fuit.
quantum nobis in hoc condoluit,
quantum nobis propitius fuit,
dum sic voluit
mortem pati cruce, nec meruit!
(Refl.) Exsurgat Deus!

Et dissipet hostes, quos habuit,
postquam prebuit
Sarracenis locum, quo iacuit,
quia nobis propitius fuit,
dum sic voluit
mortem pati cruce, nec meruit!
duo ligna diu non habuit
Sarreptina, quibus ut caruit,
semper doluit
et dolebit, dum rehabuerit.
(Refl.) Exsurgat Deus!

Sunamitis clamat pro filio,
qui occubuit,
nec Giezi sanare potuit;
Heliseus nisi met venerit,
non surrexerit,
et os ori recte coniunxerit.
Heliseus nisi nunc venerit,
ni peccata compassus tulerit,
non habuerit
ecclesia crucem, qua caruit.
(Refl.) Exsurgat Deus!

Et adiuvet in hoc exercitu
quos signaverit
signo crucis, qua nos redemerit!
iam venie tempus advenerit,
quo potuerit
se salvare, qui crucem ceperit.
nunc videat quisque, quid fecerit,
quibus et quot Deum offenderit!
quod si viderit
et se signet, his solutus erit.
(Refl.) Exsurgat Deus!

Exsurrexit! et nos assurgere
ei propere
iam tenemur atque succurrere.
Ierusalem voluit perdere,
ut hoc opere
sic possemus culpas diluere.
nam si vellet, hostes destruere
absque nobis et terram solvere
posset propere,
cum sibi nil possit resistere.
(Refl.) Exsurgat Deus!&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen, in sectione morali et satirica servatum, est hortatio ad [[Cruciata|cruce signandos]] ut [[Ierusalem]] a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sarraceni|Sarracenis|en|qid=Q105763}} liberent. Auctor [[propheta|prophetias]] [[biblia|biblicas]], praesertim [[Psalmi|Davidicas]], commemorat ad statum praesentem [[Terra Sancta|Terrae Sanctae]] demonstrandum, ubi sepulcrum Christi polluitur, iam pridem praevisum esse. Per [[Allegoria|allegoriam]] “Sunamitidis” ({{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Abisag||en|qid=Q321469}}) et [[Elisaeus|Elisaei]] (“Heliseus”), ecclesia, auxilio divino et humana virtute indigens, describitur ad crucem amissam recuperandam.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;

Argumentum praecipuum carminis est [[poenitentia]] per militem christianum peracta: Deus dicitur Ierusalem “perdere” voluisse non ob inopiam potentiae, sed ut fidelibus occasionem praebeat culpas suas diluendi per laborem [[Expeditio sacra|cruciatae]]. Ita bellum sacrum fit non solum politica defensio, sed [[Mysterium fidei|mysterium]] salutis et remissio [[Peccatum|peccatorum]], ubi quicumque signum crucis ceperit, solutionem poenarum invenire potest.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Lehtonen, 1995
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen = Lehtonen
		| nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy
		| annus = 1995
		| lingua = en
		| locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]]
		| domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]]
		| isbn = 978-951-717-846-4
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>iug6cd5shbpx89i8hvx8ye7yzk2ojjt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325848</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979637</id>
      <parentid>3971012</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:12:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>1422</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[c:COM:CDC|automaton]]: Substituens [[File:M_7.5_-_17_km_W_of_Catia_La_Mar,_Venezuela.png]] pro File:M_7.5_-_23_km_SE_of_Yumare,_Venezuela.png. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error)</comment>
      <origin>3979637</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2293" sha1="5sj7gxlskzhehbl9tftsz5p3t8tu4hv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:M 7.2 - 24 km ENE of San Felipe, Venezuela.png|thumb|Primus terrae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.2 die 24 Iunii 2026]]
[[Fasciculus:M 7.5 - 17 km W of Catia La Mar, Venezuela.png|thumb|Secundus teerae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.5 die 24 Inii 2026]]
'''Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026''' est series [[terrae motus|terrae motorum]] magnorum quae die [[24 Iunii]] [[2026]] in regione septemtrionali et centrali [[Venetiola]] fit, prumus [[scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 7.2 in Yaracuy deinde secundus motus magnitudine 7.5 fuit, a quo plus quam 920 homines necati adhuc die 26 Iunii 2026&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dw.com/en/venezuela-earthquakes-search-intensifies-for-hundreds-trapped/live-77699720 Venezuela earthquake: Race to save those trapped]&lt;/ref&gt;, 2600 homines necati adhuc die 6 Iulii 2026,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czx5k8pxdevo Venezuela earthquakes in maps and graphics - where they hit and how severe they could be]&lt;/ref&gt; et plus multos homines [[vulnus|vulnera]] sunt, atque plus quam 46,000 homines iam dispariti sunt ratione hae calamitatis.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/thousands-feared-dead-after-two-major-earthquakes-strike-venezuela-2026-06-25/ Venezuela races to rescue hundreds trapped in rubble after major twin earthquakes]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Delicia Rodríguez]] praeses temporaria Venetiola stutum emergentiae cum [[lex militaris|lege militari]] declavit.

Communitas internationalis sicut [[Unio Europaea]] et [[Nationes Unitae]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/25/venezuela-earthquakes-live-two-powerful-quakes-shake-s-american-country Venezuela earthquakes updates:At least 188 killed, 1.500 injured]&lt;/ref&gt;, civitates [[America Australis|Americae Australis]], [[America Centralis|Centralis]] et [[Civitas Vaticana]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-06/pope-sends-aid-to-earthquake-struck-venezuela.html Pope Leo sends aid to earthquake-struck Venezuela]&lt;/ref&gt; [[auxilium humanitarium]] dare opus dixit cum [[solidaritas|solidaritate]]. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Historia Venetiolae]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|2026 earthquakes in Venezuela|Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026}}

[[Categoria:Venetiola]]
[[Categoria:Terrae motus]]
[[Categoria:2026]]</text>
      <sha1>5sj7gxlskzhehbl9tftsz5p3t8tu4hv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979644</id>
      <parentid>3979637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:52:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Menda manent.</comment>
      <origin>3979644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2336" sha1="h5tk7qe10zkhei8c020i7ccbvf7vsl2" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}
[[Fasciculus:M 7.2 - 24 km ENE of San Felipe, Venezuela.png|thumb|Primus magnus terrae motus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.2 die 24 Iunii 2026,]]
[[Fasciculus:M 7.5 - 17 km W of Catia La Mar, Venezuela.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Secundus teerae motus magnus Venetiolani magnitudine 7.5 die 24 Inii 2026]]
'''Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026''' est series magnorum [[terrae motus|terrae motuum]] quae die [[24 Iunii]] [[2026]] in [[septentrio]]nali et media [[Venetiola]]e [[regio]]e facta est, primus [[scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 7.2 in Yaracuy, secundus magnitudine 7.5, a quo plus quam 920 homines adhuc die 26 Iunii 2026,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dw.com/en/venezuela-earthquakes-search-intensifies-for-hundreds-trapped/live-77699720 Venezuela earthquake: Race to save those trapped].&lt;/ref&gt; 2600 hominum adhuc die 6 Iulii 2026 mortui sunt,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czx5k8pxdevo Venezuela earthquakes in maps and graphics - where they hit and how severe they could be].&lt;/ref&gt; et multi alii homines [[vulnus|vulnerti]] sunt, ac plus quam 46&amp;thinsp;000 hominum iam dispariti{{dubsig}} sunt.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/thousands-feared-dead-after-two-major-earthquakes-strike-venezuela-2026-06-25/ Venezuela races to rescue hundreds trapped in rubble after major twin earthquakes].&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Delicia Rodríguez]], civitatis praeses agens, statum emergentiae{{dubsig}} [[lex militaris|lege militari]] declaravit.

Societates gentium, inter quas [[Unio Europaea]] et [[Consociatio Nationum]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/25/venezuela-earthquakes-live-two-powerful-quakes-shake-s-american-country Venezuela earthquakes updates:At least 188 killed, 1.500 injured].&lt;/ref&gt; civitates [[America Australis|Americae Australis]] [[America Centralis|Mediaeque]], et [[Civitas Vaticana]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2026-06/pope-sends-aid-to-earthquake-struck-venezuela.html Pope Leo sends aid to earthquake-struck Venezuela].&lt;/ref&gt; [[auxilium humanitarium]] opus dare dixit{{dubsig}} cum [[solidaritas|solidaritate]].{{dubsig}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Historia Venetiolae]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|2026 earthquakes in Venezuela|Terrae motus Venetiolanus anni 2026}}

[[Categoria:Terrae motus]]
[[Categoria:Venetiola]]
[[Categoria:2026]]</text>
      <sha1>h5tk7qe10zkhei8c020i7ccbvf7vsl2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Servatio concors</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>326798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979571</id>
      <parentid>3973319</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T22:11:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Colores et imaginem mutavi</comment>
      <origin>3979571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2098" sha1="byh1gt5hrv5e458sortooctxale8i61" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Schedula
	| titulus = Cave!
	| imago = Important2.svg
	| color = var(--background-color-content-removed, #ffe49c)
	| pigmentum = var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5)
	| 1 = '''Noli mutare.''' {{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}
		| 0 = Haec commentatio inter plures sitūs Vicimediales eadem
		| 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 101 | 119 | 711 | 829 = Haec pagina disputationis inter plures sitūs Vicimediales eadem
		| 6 = Hic fasciculus inter plures sitūs Vicimediales idem
		| 10 = Haec formula inter plures sitūs Vicimediales eadem
		| 118 = Haec adumbratio inter plures sitūs Vicimediales eadem
		| 828 = Hic modulus inter plures sitūs Vicimediales idem
		| 14 = Haec categoria inter plures sitūs Vicimediales eadem
		| #default = Haec pagina inter plures sitūs Vicimediales eadem
	}} servatur. Omnes emendationes in [[:{{#if:{{{1|}}}
		| {{{1}}}
		| mw
	}}:{{Sin secus
		| 1 = {{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus
			| 1 = {{#switch:{{{1|}}}
				| mw | = mediawikiwiki
				| c = commonswiki
				| m = metawiki
				| s = sourceswiki
				| #default = {{{1}}}wiki
			}}
		}}
		| 2 = {{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}
			| 0 =
			| 1 = Talk:
			| 2 = User:
			| 3 = User talk:
			| 4 = Wikipedia:
			| 5 = Wikipedia talk:
			| 6 = File:
			| 7 = File talk:
			| 8 = MediaWiki:
			| 9 = MediaWiki talk:
			| 10 = Template:
			| 11 = Template talk:
			| 12 = Help:
			| 13 = Help talk:
			| 14 = Category:
			| 15 = Category talk:
			| 100 = Portal:
			| 101 = Portal talk:
			| 118 = Draft:
			| 119 = Draft talk:
			| 126 = MOS:
			| 127 = MOS talk:
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		}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}
	}}|exemplari interviciali communi]] faciendae sunt. '''Si {{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}
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	}} obsolevit, renovare licet.'''
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  <page>
    <title>Ecclesia Sancti Michaelis in Korpo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>3979406</id>
      <parentid>3979279</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:14:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>~</comment>
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      <text bytes="2240" sha1="rkrm23i45kzzlt0fzjxwi6cnrtua5un" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Korpo kyrka, den 28 juni 2007, bild 75.JPG|thumb|Ecclesia Sancti Michaelis]]
'''Ecclesia Corponensis'''{{FD ref}} ([[Finnice]] ''Korppoon kirkko''; [[Suecice]] ''Korpo kyrka''), plenius '''Ecclesia Sancti Michaelis in Korpo''',{{FD ref}} est [[ecclesia]] mediaevalis [[Ecclesia Evangelica Lutherana Finlandiae|Ecclesiae Evangelicae Lutheranae Finlandiae]], quae {{Creanda|en|Korpo|Korpoo}} in insula {{Creanda|en|Archipelago Sea|Mare Archipelagicum|Turcuensi}}{{dubsig}} sita est, ad [[urbs|urbem]] [[Pargas]] in [[regio]]ne [[Varsinais-Suomi]] [[Finnia]]e pertinens. [[Aedificium]] [[saeculum 14|saeculi quarti decimi]] posterioris dimidii exstructum est, [[Michael Archangelus|Sancto Michaeli Archangelo]] dedicatum. Ad [[Dioecesis Borgoensis|Dioecesim Borgoensem]] pertinet, et inter optime conservata archipelagi Finniae [[templum|templa]] mediaevalia numeratur.

== Historia ==
[[Paroecia]] Corponensis videtur [[saeculum 14|saeculo quarto decimo]] constituta esse. Primum in fontibus scriptis anno [[1434]] memoratur. Anno [[1554]], [[cappella]] mediaevalis Houtskär ad paroeciam pertinebat.

== Architectura ==
Ecclesia ex [[lapis|lapide]] aedificata est, choro mediaevali insignis. [[Turris]] lapidea, praeter usum [[campana]]rium, ad defensionem destinata esse videtur. Cum aedificium annos [[1952]] et [[1953]] reficeretur, [[pictura]]e murales [[saeculum 15|saeculi quinti decimi]] detectae sunt.

== Partes interiores ==
In ecclesia servantur complures [[statua]]e ligneae mediaevales necnon unicum in Finnia cancellum chori mediaevale (''lettner''). ''Madonna Corponensis,'' celebris statua, [[Rhenania]]e circa annum [[1225]] confecta, ex hoc aedificio provenit; hodie autem in [[Museum Nationale Finniae|Museo Nationali Finniae]] [[Helsingia]]e conservatur.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Hiekkanen, Markus. ''Finlands medeltida stenkyrkor''. Holmiae: Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitetsakademien, 2020.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Ecclesia Sancti Michaelis in Korpo|Ecclesiam Sancti Michaelis in Korpo}}&lt;!--
{{Coord}}--&gt;

[[Categoria:Ecclesia Evangelica Lutherana Finlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Ecclesiae Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Ecclesiae mediaevales]]&lt;!--
[[Categoria:Varsinais-Suomi]]--&gt;</text>
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    <title>Formula:Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Denuo ‘@’…—videatur [[Vicipaedia:De categoriis#De ordine paginarum in categoriis]]</comment>
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		renaming_by_mixing|$@|
		discarding||
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		scoring|h|in_substack|
		entering_substack|
			mapping_by_magic|PLURAL|2|
				Haec formula saepe perutilis est in paginis categoriisve huius categoriae:

&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|
				Haec formula saepe perutilis est in paginis categoriisve harum categoriarum:

&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|
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    <title>Disputatio:Samuel Hartlibius</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
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      <comment>/* Decennia */ Reply</comment>
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      <text bytes="5426" sha1="bx3wmsbn6wf6vugo2xy89of4qka7pun" xml:space="preserve">== Decennia ==
I took this out &lt;nowiki&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|decennium 167|decennio 167|en|qid=Q196549}} incipiente&lt;/nowiki&gt; -- because (more years ago than I care to remember) we discussed such expressions and decided not to use them or create pages from them: basically because they aren't used in Latin, they aren't easy to understand, and the resulting pages (if created) would not necessarily be notable or useful. Anyway, that's how I recall it. Maybe someone can find that old discussion?

In this particular case, if they told me (in English or Latin) that something happened to Hartlib in the 167th decade, I wouldn't know what they meant; and if they explained it to me carefully, I would still find it difficult to connect with other knowledge, because I know he died in the early 1660s. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:50, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

: Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I had changed it
:: “initio annorum 1660” → “decennio 167 incipiente”
: because, if ''decennium 167'' is uncommon, I thought ''anni 1660'' might be even less idiomatic in Latin. How would you translate the English expression “in the early 1660s”? I think we should find a consistent solution, since pages are often translated from other European languages that have such expressions. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:39, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::My neurons must fire differently from Andrew's, because to them, ''decennium 167'' is plainly &amp; unambiguously 'between the years 1661 and 1670, inclusive', exactly as ''saeculum 20'' is 'between the years 1901 and 2000, inclusive'; but since the concept apparently confuses many and is indeed uncommon, Vicipaedia may want a workaround. My first thought is this expression, vague though it be: ''paulo post 1660,'' and if decennial precision is truly wanted (and it may seldom be!), then we may try ''paulo post 1660 sed ante 1671.''  [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:01, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::Grufo, you're quite right, we don't have any Latin source for expressions like &quot;anni 1660&quot; -- but a Latin reader, since all Latin readers are bilingual or multilingual, ''might'' be able to understand such expressions. I don't know ''any'' language in which people would say &quot;the decade 167&quot; -- hence it's less likely that any human reader at all could understand it. I admit in advance, it's not a very strong argument -- and you could immediately kill it by saying &quot;Si si, Albanian (or Cambodian) readers could understand it easily&quot;. I'd give up if you said that.
::::I agree with Iacobus (and I don't say that every day! make a note of it!) a workaround would work better for everybody. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:06, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Now don't be silly! We agree 99 percent of the time! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:37, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::: I also agree that, in a case like this, where it is easy to find a workaround, we should prefer the workaround. There are cases, however, where that becomes harder. For instance, how would we translate “music of the 1960s”? In such cases we may discover that ''musica decennii 197'' is difficult to avoid, unless we are prepared to use a longer paraphrase such as ''musica inter annos 1960 et 1970 composita'' (I apologize if I have not been precise with the boundaries). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:22, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Maybe someone would like to ping [[Usor:Sinister Petrus]], author of the article &quot;[[Decennium]].&quot; He might have suggestions. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:41, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Classical Latin has neither, but &quot;decennium 167&quot; is completely incomprehensible, one has to spend a long time trying to figure out what it means; &quot;anni sexagesimi saeculi septimi decimi&quot; or &quot;post annum 1660&quot; is understandable. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 10:42, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::: We all agree that there is no classical Latin equivalent; yet we all disagree on what the best way should be! In the meanwhile, here are a couple of examples I found in modern Latin:
:::* “Denique Norbertus Weber difficillimas condiciones {{lectio|medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi}} in monasterio Ottiliensi vigentes attulit” [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/Historia_Ottiliensis/Historia%20Ottiliensis%2015.pdf here] (p. 6)
:::* “{{lectio|medio decennio 2030}}” [https://diggita.altervista.org/topia-oeconomica/paradoxum-berolinense-germania-in-procinctu-est-hispaniam-in-aere-alieno-publico-superare-sed-matritum-adhuc-ignotum-est/2026-04-23/ here]
::: Both use ''decennium'', but the second example mixes it with the English way. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:02, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::&quot;Decennium nonum saeculi undevicesimi&quot; I can still understand (and what's its number? 200? Horrible, I would say 189 or 199), &quot;decennium 2030&quot; is again not good (is it 2030-2040? then &quot;decennium post 2030&quot;). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:45, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>bx3wmsbn6wf6vugo2xy89of4qka7pun</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3979395</id>
      <parentid>3979353</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:03:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
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      <comment>/* Decennia */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5926" sha1="4h8udofar9vvyhb54u79lx6ngod40lk" xml:space="preserve">== Decennia ==
I took this out &lt;nowiki&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|decennium 167|decennio 167|en|qid=Q196549}} incipiente&lt;/nowiki&gt; -- because (more years ago than I care to remember) we discussed such expressions and decided not to use them or create pages from them: basically because they aren't used in Latin, they aren't easy to understand, and the resulting pages (if created) would not necessarily be notable or useful. Anyway, that's how I recall it. Maybe someone can find that old discussion?

In this particular case, if they told me (in English or Latin) that something happened to Hartlib in the 167th decade, I wouldn't know what they meant; and if they explained it to me carefully, I would still find it difficult to connect with other knowledge, because I know he died in the early 1660s. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:50, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

: Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I had changed it
:: “initio annorum 1660” → “decennio 167 incipiente”
: because, if ''decennium 167'' is uncommon, I thought ''anni 1660'' might be even less idiomatic in Latin. How would you translate the English expression “in the early 1660s”? I think we should find a consistent solution, since pages are often translated from other European languages that have such expressions. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:39, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::My neurons must fire differently from Andrew's, because to them, ''decennium 167'' is plainly &amp; unambiguously 'between the years 1661 and 1670, inclusive', exactly as ''saeculum 20'' is 'between the years 1901 and 2000, inclusive'; but since the concept apparently confuses many and is indeed uncommon, Vicipaedia may want a workaround. My first thought is this expression, vague though it be: ''paulo post 1660,'' and if decennial precision is truly wanted (and it may seldom be!), then we may try ''paulo post 1660 sed ante 1671.''  [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:01, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::Grufo, you're quite right, we don't have any Latin source for expressions like &quot;anni 1660&quot; -- but a Latin reader, since all Latin readers are bilingual or multilingual, ''might'' be able to understand such expressions. I don't know ''any'' language in which people would say &quot;the decade 167&quot; -- hence it's less likely that any human reader at all could understand it. I admit in advance, it's not a very strong argument -- and you could immediately kill it by saying &quot;Si si, Albanian (or Cambodian) readers could understand it easily&quot;. I'd give up if you said that.
::::I agree with Iacobus (and I don't say that every day! make a note of it!) a workaround would work better for everybody. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:06, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Now, now, Andrew! We agree 99 percent of the time! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:37, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::: I also agree that, in a case like this, where it is easy to find a workaround, we should prefer the workaround. There are cases, however, where that becomes harder. For instance, how would we translate “music of the 1960s”? In such cases we may discover that ''musica decennii 197'' is difficult to avoid, unless we are prepared to use a longer paraphrase such as ''musica inter annos 1960 et 1970 composita'' (I apologize if I have not been precise with the boundaries). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:22, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Maybe someone would like to ping [[Usor:Sinister Petrus]], author of the article &quot;[[Decennium]].&quot; He might have suggestions. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:41, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Classical Latin has neither, but &quot;decennium 167&quot; is completely incomprehensible, one has to spend a long time trying to figure out what it means; &quot;anni sexagesimi saeculi septimi decimi&quot; or &quot;post annum 1660&quot; is understandable. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 10:42, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::: We all agree that there is no classical Latin equivalent; yet we all disagree on what the best way should be! In the meanwhile, here are a couple of examples I found in modern Latin:
:::* “Denique Norbertus Weber difficillimas condiciones {{lectio|medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi}} in monasterio Ottiliensi vigentes attulit” [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/Historia_Ottiliensis/Historia%20Ottiliensis%2015.pdf here] (p. 6)
:::* “{{lectio|medio decennio 2030}}” [https://diggita.altervista.org/topia-oeconomica/paradoxum-berolinense-germania-in-procinctu-est-hispaniam-in-aere-alieno-publico-superare-sed-matritum-adhuc-ignotum-est/2026-04-23/ here]
::: Both use ''decennium'', but the second example mixes it with the English way. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:02, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::&quot;Decennium nonum saeculi undevicesimi&quot; I can still understand (and what's its number? 200? Horrible, I would say 189 or 199), &quot;decennium 2030&quot; is again not good (is it 2030-2040? then &quot;decennium post 2030&quot;). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:45, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::''Medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi'' feels like a roundabout way of saying 'circa 1885', but Norbert Wiener hadn't been been born yet: he faced &quot;dificillimas condiciones&quot; indeed! Meanwhile ''medio decennio 2030'' is plainly wrong, as it indicates the middle of the years between 20,291 and 20,300, or 'circa 20,295', an uncomfortably precise prognostication for a time so far off! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>4h8udofar9vvyhb54u79lx6ngod40lk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979508</id>
      <parentid>3979395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T19:03:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Decennia */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>3979508</origin>
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      <text bytes="6159" sha1="o2v23efdfm6nmb88rrcfttislen8zu9" xml:space="preserve">== Decennia ==
I took this out &lt;nowiki&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|decennium 167|decennio 167|en|qid=Q196549}} incipiente&lt;/nowiki&gt; -- because (more years ago than I care to remember) we discussed such expressions and decided not to use them or create pages from them: basically because they aren't used in Latin, they aren't easy to understand, and the resulting pages (if created) would not necessarily be notable or useful. Anyway, that's how I recall it. Maybe someone can find that old discussion?

In this particular case, if they told me (in English or Latin) that something happened to Hartlib in the 167th decade, I wouldn't know what they meant; and if they explained it to me carefully, I would still find it difficult to connect with other knowledge, because I know he died in the early 1660s. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:50, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

: Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I had changed it
:: “initio annorum 1660” → “decennio 167 incipiente”
: because, if ''decennium 167'' is uncommon, I thought ''anni 1660'' might be even less idiomatic in Latin. How would you translate the English expression “in the early 1660s”? I think we should find a consistent solution, since pages are often translated from other European languages that have such expressions. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:39, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::My neurons must fire differently from Andrew's, because to them, ''decennium 167'' is plainly &amp; unambiguously 'between the years 1661 and 1670, inclusive', exactly as ''saeculum 20'' is 'between the years 1901 and 2000, inclusive'; but since the concept apparently confuses many and is indeed uncommon, Vicipaedia may want a workaround. My first thought is this expression, vague though it be: ''paulo post 1660,'' and if decennial precision is truly wanted (and it may seldom be!), then we may try ''paulo post 1660 sed ante 1671.''  [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:01, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::Grufo, you're quite right, we don't have any Latin source for expressions like &quot;anni 1660&quot; -- but a Latin reader, since all Latin readers are bilingual or multilingual, ''might'' be able to understand such expressions. I don't know ''any'' language in which people would say &quot;the decade 167&quot; -- hence it's less likely that any human reader at all could understand it. I admit in advance, it's not a very strong argument -- and you could immediately kill it by saying &quot;Si si, Albanian (or Cambodian) readers could understand it easily&quot;. I'd give up if you said that.
::::I agree with Iacobus (and I don't say that every day! make a note of it!) a workaround would work better for everybody. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:06, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Now, now, Andrew! We agree 99 percent of the time! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:37, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::: I also agree that, in a case like this, where it is easy to find a workaround, we should prefer the workaround. There are cases, however, where that becomes harder. For instance, how would we translate “music of the 1960s”? In such cases we may discover that ''musica decennii 197'' is difficult to avoid, unless we are prepared to use a longer paraphrase such as ''musica inter annos 1960 et 1970 composita'' (I apologize if I have not been precise with the boundaries). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:22, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Maybe someone would like to ping [[Usor:Sinister Petrus]], author of the article &quot;[[Decennium]].&quot; He might have suggestions. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:41, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Classical Latin has neither, but &quot;decennium 167&quot; is completely incomprehensible, one has to spend a long time trying to figure out what it means; &quot;anni sexagesimi saeculi septimi decimi&quot; or &quot;post annum 1660&quot; is understandable. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 10:42, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::: We all agree that there is no classical Latin equivalent; yet we all disagree on what the best way should be! In the meanwhile, here are a couple of examples I found in modern Latin:
:::* “Denique Norbertus Weber difficillimas condiciones {{lectio|medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi}} in monasterio Ottiliensi vigentes attulit” [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/Historia_Ottiliensis/Historia%20Ottiliensis%2015.pdf here] (p. 6)
:::* “{{lectio|medio decennio 2030}}” [https://diggita.altervista.org/topia-oeconomica/paradoxum-berolinense-germania-in-procinctu-est-hispaniam-in-aere-alieno-publico-superare-sed-matritum-adhuc-ignotum-est/2026-04-23/ here]
::: Both use ''decennium'', but the second example mixes it with the English way. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:02, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::&quot;Decennium nonum saeculi undevicesimi&quot; I can still understand (and what's its number? 200? Horrible, I would say 189 or 199), &quot;decennium 2030&quot; is again not good (is it 2030-2040? then &quot;decennium post 2030&quot;). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:45, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::''Medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi'' feels like a roundabout way of saying 'circa 1885', but Norbert Wiener hadn't been been born yet: he faced &quot;dificillimas condiciones&quot; indeed! Meanwhile ''medio decennio 2030'' is plainly wrong, as it indicates the middle of the years between 20,291 and 20,300, or 'circa 20,295', an uncomfortably precise prognostication for a time so far off! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Ah, &quot;deсennium nonum&quot; is 1880-1890, and I thought 1890-2000... No, ''per decennia'' is a terrible system. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="6391" sha1="6h2tlljt5t0ezaah3czmwcefx4qje44" xml:space="preserve">== Decennia ==
I took this out &lt;nowiki&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|decennium 167|decennio 167|en|qid=Q196549}} incipiente&lt;/nowiki&gt; -- because (more years ago than I care to remember) we discussed such expressions and decided not to use them or create pages from them: basically because they aren't used in Latin, they aren't easy to understand, and the resulting pages (if created) would not necessarily be notable or useful. Anyway, that's how I recall it. Maybe someone can find that old discussion?

In this particular case, if they told me (in English or Latin) that something happened to Hartlib in the 167th decade, I wouldn't know what they meant; and if they explained it to me carefully, I would still find it difficult to connect with other knowledge, because I know he died in the early 1660s. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:50, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

: Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I had changed it
:: “initio annorum 1660” → “decennio 167 incipiente”
: because, if ''decennium 167'' is uncommon, I thought ''anni 1660'' might be even less idiomatic in Latin. How would you translate the English expression “in the early 1660s”? I think we should find a consistent solution, since pages are often translated from other European languages that have such expressions. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:39, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::My neurons must fire differently from Andrew's, because to them, ''decennium 167'' is plainly &amp; unambiguously 'between the years 1661 and 1670, inclusive', exactly as ''saeculum 20'' is 'between the years 1901 and 2000, inclusive'; but since the concept apparently confuses many and is indeed uncommon, Vicipaedia may want a workaround. My first thought is this expression, vague though it be: ''paulo post 1660,'' and if decennial precision is truly wanted (and it may seldom be!), then we may try ''paulo post 1660 sed ante 1671.''  [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:01, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::Grufo, you're quite right, we don't have any Latin source for expressions like &quot;anni 1660&quot; -- but a Latin reader, since all Latin readers are bilingual or multilingual, ''might'' be able to understand such expressions. I don't know ''any'' language in which people would say &quot;the decade 167&quot; -- hence it's less likely that any human reader at all could understand it. I admit in advance, it's not a very strong argument -- and you could immediately kill it by saying &quot;Si si, Albanian (or Cambodian) readers could understand it easily&quot;. I'd give up if you said that.
::::I agree with Iacobus (and I don't say that every day! make a note of it!) a workaround would work better for everybody. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:06, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Now, now, Andrew! We agree 99 percent of the time! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:37, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::: I also agree that, in a case like this, where it is easy to find a workaround, we should prefer the workaround. There are cases, however, where that becomes harder. For instance, how would we translate “music of the 1960s”? In such cases we may discover that ''musica decennii 197'' is difficult to avoid, unless we are prepared to use a longer paraphrase such as ''musica inter annos 1960 et 1970 composita'' (I apologize if I have not been precise with the boundaries). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:22, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Maybe someone would like to ping [[Usor:Sinister Petrus]], author of the article &quot;[[Decennium]].&quot; He might have suggestions. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:41, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Classical Latin has neither, but &quot;decennium 167&quot; is completely incomprehensible, one has to spend a long time trying to figure out what it means; &quot;anni sexagesimi saeculi septimi decimi&quot; or &quot;post annum 1660&quot; is understandable. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 10:42, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::: We all agree that there is no classical Latin equivalent; yet we all disagree on what the best way should be! In the meanwhile, here are a couple of examples I found in modern Latin:
:::* “Denique Norbertus Weber difficillimas condiciones {{lectio|medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi}} in monasterio Ottiliensi vigentes attulit” [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/Historia_Ottiliensis/Historia%20Ottiliensis%2015.pdf here] (p. 6)
:::* “{{lectio|medio decennio 2030}}” [https://diggita.altervista.org/topia-oeconomica/paradoxum-berolinense-germania-in-procinctu-est-hispaniam-in-aere-alieno-publico-superare-sed-matritum-adhuc-ignotum-est/2026-04-23/ here]
::: Both use ''decennium'', but the second example mixes it with the English way. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:02, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::&quot;Decennium nonum saeculi undevicesimi&quot; I can still understand (and what's its number? 200? Horrible, I would say 189 or 199), &quot;decennium 2030&quot; is again not good (is it 2030-2040? then &quot;decennium post 2030&quot;). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:45, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::''Medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi'' feels like a roundabout way of saying 'circa 1885', but Norbert Wiener hadn't been been born yet: he faced &quot;dificillimas condiciones&quot; indeed! Meanwhile ''medio decennio 2030'' is plainly wrong, as it indicates the middle of the years between 20,291 and 20,300, or 'circa 20,295', an uncomfortably precise prognostication for a time so far off! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Ah, &quot;deсennium nonum&quot; is 1880-1890, and I thought 1890-2000... No, ''per decennia'' is a terrible system. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Almost! ''Decennium nonum'' of the nineteenth century is 1881–1890. It all goes back to the beginning: the ''first'' decade was from the year 1 to the year 10, the ''second'' was from the year 11 to the year 20, and so on.</text>
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      <text bytes="6609" sha1="5se40xzbkw9qqzv96znrtwucaw4v91c" xml:space="preserve">== Decennia ==
I took this out &lt;nowiki&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|decennium 167|decennio 167|en|qid=Q196549}} incipiente&lt;/nowiki&gt; -- because (more years ago than I care to remember) we discussed such expressions and decided not to use them or create pages from them: basically because they aren't used in Latin, they aren't easy to understand, and the resulting pages (if created) would not necessarily be notable or useful. Anyway, that's how I recall it. Maybe someone can find that old discussion?

In this particular case, if they told me (in English or Latin) that something happened to Hartlib in the 167th decade, I wouldn't know what they meant; and if they explained it to me carefully, I would still find it difficult to connect with other knowledge, because I know he died in the early 1660s. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:50, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

: Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I had changed it
:: “initio annorum 1660” → “decennio 167 incipiente”
: because, if ''decennium 167'' is uncommon, I thought ''anni 1660'' might be even less idiomatic in Latin. How would you translate the English expression “in the early 1660s”? I think we should find a consistent solution, since pages are often translated from other European languages that have such expressions. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:39, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::My neurons must fire differently from Andrew's, because to them, ''decennium 167'' is plainly &amp; unambiguously 'between the years 1661 and 1670, inclusive', exactly as ''saeculum 20'' is 'between the years 1901 and 2000, inclusive'; but since the concept apparently confuses many and is indeed uncommon, Vicipaedia may want a workaround. My first thought is this expression, vague though it be: ''paulo post 1660,'' and if decennial precision is truly wanted (and it may seldom be!), then we may try ''paulo post 1660 sed ante 1671.''  [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:01, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::Grufo, you're quite right, we don't have any Latin source for expressions like &quot;anni 1660&quot; -- but a Latin reader, since all Latin readers are bilingual or multilingual, ''might'' be able to understand such expressions. I don't know ''any'' language in which people would say &quot;the decade 167&quot; -- hence it's less likely that any human reader at all could understand it. I admit in advance, it's not a very strong argument -- and you could immediately kill it by saying &quot;Si si, Albanian (or Cambodian) readers could understand it easily&quot;. I'd give up if you said that.
::::I agree with Iacobus (and I don't say that every day! make a note of it!) a workaround would work better for everybody. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:06, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Now, now, Andrew! We agree 99 percent of the time! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:37, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::: I also agree that, in a case like this, where it is easy to find a workaround, we should prefer the workaround. There are cases, however, where that becomes harder. For instance, how would we translate “music of the 1960s”? In such cases we may discover that ''musica decennii 197'' is difficult to avoid, unless we are prepared to use a longer paraphrase such as ''musica inter annos 1960 et 1970 composita'' (I apologize if I have not been precise with the boundaries). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:22, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Maybe someone would like to ping [[Usor:Sinister Petrus]], author of the article &quot;[[Decennium]].&quot; He might have suggestions. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:41, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Classical Latin has neither, but &quot;decennium 167&quot; is completely incomprehensible, one has to spend a long time trying to figure out what it means; &quot;anni sexagesimi saeculi septimi decimi&quot; or &quot;post annum 1660&quot; is understandable. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 10:42, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::: We all agree that there is no classical Latin equivalent; yet we all disagree on what the best way should be! In the meanwhile, here are a couple of examples I found in modern Latin:
:::* “Denique Norbertus Weber difficillimas condiciones {{lectio|medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi}} in monasterio Ottiliensi vigentes attulit” [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/Historia_Ottiliensis/Historia%20Ottiliensis%2015.pdf here] (p. 6)
:::* “{{lectio|medio decennio 2030}}” [https://diggita.altervista.org/topia-oeconomica/paradoxum-berolinense-germania-in-procinctu-est-hispaniam-in-aere-alieno-publico-superare-sed-matritum-adhuc-ignotum-est/2026-04-23/ here]
::: Both use ''decennium'', but the second example mixes it with the English way. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:02, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::&quot;Decennium nonum saeculi undevicesimi&quot; I can still understand (and what's its number? 200? Horrible, I would say 189 or 199), &quot;decennium 2030&quot; is again not good (is it 2030-2040? then &quot;decennium post 2030&quot;). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:45, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::''Medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi'' feels like a roundabout way of saying 'circa 1885', but Norbert Wiener hadn't been been born yet: he faced &quot;dificillimas condiciones&quot; indeed! Meanwhile ''medio decennio 2030'' is plainly wrong, as it indicates the middle of the years between 20,291 and 20,300, or 'circa 20,295', an uncomfortably precise prognostication for a time so far off! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Ah, &quot;deсennium nonum&quot; is 1880-1890, and I thought 1890-2000... No, ''per decennia'' is a terrible system. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Almost! ''Decennium nonum'' of the nineteenth century is 1881–1890. It all goes back to the beginning: the ''first'' decade was from the year 1 to the year 10, the ''second'' was from the year 11 to the year 20, and so on. Then the ''first'' decade of the nineteenth century is 1801–1810, the ''second'' is 1811–1820, and so on. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 22:19, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="8037" sha1="1xj1er1pis926imi4vfn5yar91gaeue" xml:space="preserve">== Decennia ==
I took this out &lt;nowiki&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|decennium 167|decennio 167|en|qid=Q196549}} incipiente&lt;/nowiki&gt; -- because (more years ago than I care to remember) we discussed such expressions and decided not to use them or create pages from them: basically because they aren't used in Latin, they aren't easy to understand, and the resulting pages (if created) would not necessarily be notable or useful. Anyway, that's how I recall it. Maybe someone can find that old discussion?

In this particular case, if they told me (in English or Latin) that something happened to Hartlib in the 167th decade, I wouldn't know what they meant; and if they explained it to me carefully, I would still find it difficult to connect with other knowledge, because I know he died in the early 1660s. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:50, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

: Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I had changed it
:: “initio annorum 1660” → “decennio 167 incipiente”
: because, if ''decennium 167'' is uncommon, I thought ''anni 1660'' might be even less idiomatic in Latin. How would you translate the English expression “in the early 1660s”? I think we should find a consistent solution, since pages are often translated from other European languages that have such expressions. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:39, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::My neurons must fire differently from Andrew's, because to them, ''decennium 167'' is plainly &amp; unambiguously 'between the years 1661 and 1670, inclusive', exactly as ''saeculum 20'' is 'between the years 1901 and 2000, inclusive'; but since the concept apparently confuses many and is indeed uncommon, Vicipaedia may want a workaround. My first thought is this expression, vague though it be: ''paulo post 1660,'' and if decennial precision is truly wanted (and it may seldom be!), then we may try ''paulo post 1660 sed ante 1671.''  [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:01, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::Grufo, you're quite right, we don't have any Latin source for expressions like &quot;anni 1660&quot; -- but a Latin reader, since all Latin readers are bilingual or multilingual, ''might'' be able to understand such expressions. I don't know ''any'' language in which people would say &quot;the decade 167&quot; -- hence it's less likely that any human reader at all could understand it. I admit in advance, it's not a very strong argument -- and you could immediately kill it by saying &quot;Si si, Albanian (or Cambodian) readers could understand it easily&quot;. I'd give up if you said that.
::::I agree with Iacobus (and I don't say that every day! make a note of it!) a workaround would work better for everybody. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:06, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Now, now, Andrew! We agree 99 percent of the time! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:37, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::: I also agree that, in a case like this, where it is easy to find a workaround, we should prefer the workaround. There are cases, however, where that becomes harder. For instance, how would we translate “music of the 1960s”? In such cases we may discover that ''musica decennii 197'' is difficult to avoid, unless we are prepared to use a longer paraphrase such as ''musica inter annos 1960 et 1970 composita'' (I apologize if I have not been precise with the boundaries). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:22, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Maybe someone would like to ping [[Usor:Sinister Petrus]], author of the article &quot;[[Decennium]].&quot; He might have suggestions. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:41, 7 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Classical Latin has neither, but &quot;decennium 167&quot; is completely incomprehensible, one has to spend a long time trying to figure out what it means; &quot;anni sexagesimi saeculi septimi decimi&quot; or &quot;post annum 1660&quot; is understandable. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 10:42, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::: We all agree that there is no classical Latin equivalent; yet we all disagree on what the best way should be! In the meanwhile, here are a couple of examples I found in modern Latin:
:::* “Denique Norbertus Weber difficillimas condiciones {{lectio|medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi}} in monasterio Ottiliensi vigentes attulit” [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/Historia_Ottiliensis/Historia%20Ottiliensis%2015.pdf here] (p. 6)
:::* “{{lectio|medio decennio 2030}}” [https://diggita.altervista.org/topia-oeconomica/paradoxum-berolinense-germania-in-procinctu-est-hispaniam-in-aere-alieno-publico-superare-sed-matritum-adhuc-ignotum-est/2026-04-23/ here]
::: Both use ''decennium'', but the second example mixes it with the English way. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:02, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::&quot;Decennium nonum saeculi undevicesimi&quot; I can still understand (and what's its number? 200? Horrible, I would say 189 or 199), &quot;decennium 2030&quot; is again not good (is it 2030-2040? then &quot;decennium post 2030&quot;). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 13:45, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::''Medio decennio nono saeculi undevicesimi'' feels like a roundabout way of saying 'circa 1885', but Norbert Wiener hadn't been been born yet: he faced &quot;dificillimas condiciones&quot; indeed! Meanwhile ''medio decennio 2030'' is plainly wrong, as it indicates the middle of the years between 20,291 and 20,300, or 'circa 20,295', an uncomfortably precise prognostication for a time so far off! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Ah, &quot;deсennium nonum&quot; is 1880-1890, and I thought 1890-2000... No, ''per decennia'' is a terrible system. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:03, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Almost! ''Decennium nonum'' of the nineteenth century is 1881–1890. It all goes back to the beginning: the ''first'' decade was from the year 1 to the year 10, the ''second'' was from the year 11 to the year 20, and so on. Then the ''first'' decade of the nineteenth century is 1801–1810, the ''second'' is 1811–1820, and so on. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 22:19, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::::: Rursus, formae “primo/secundo/tertio/etc. decennio saeculi XXXXX” usitatissimae esse videntur. Sic Google dixit:
::::::::* &lt;s&gt;“[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22primo%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 primo decennio]”&lt;/s&gt; (nimis multae paginae Italice scriptae)
::::::::* “[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22secundo%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 secundo decennio]”
::::::::* “[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22tertio%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 tertio decennio]”
::::::::* &lt;s&gt;“[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22quarto%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 quarto decennio]”&lt;/s&gt; (nimis multae paginae Italice scriptae)
::::::::* &lt;s&gt;“[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22quinto%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 quinto decennio]”&lt;/s&gt; (nimis multae paginae Italice scriptae)
::::::::* “[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22sexto%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 sexto decennio]”
::::::::* “[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22septimo%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 septimo decennio]”
::::::::* “[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22octavo%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 octavo decennio]”
::::::::* &lt;s&gt;“[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22nono%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 nono decennio]”&lt;/s&gt; (nimis multae paginae Italice scriptae)
::::::::* &lt;s&gt;“[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22decimo%20decennio%22&amp;nfpr=1 decimo decennio]”&lt;/s&gt; (nimis multae paginae Italice scriptae)
:::::::: --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:31, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
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        <username>Martinus0000001</username>
        <id>197073</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Conspectus operis */</comment>
      <origin>3979394</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="8347" sha1="k604xm34mpwl5hg24r46a1na1r3y4eo" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus|lingua=en}}
{{Capsa libri Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:&quot;Why Nations Fail&quot; by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson.jpg|thumb|Liber in exhibitione quadam ostentus, G. Villamil [[photographus|photographo]]]]

{{ores|Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty|lingua=en}} (''Cur nationes concidant: de ortu potestatis, prosperitatis. et paupertatis'') est liber primum anno [[2012]] in lucem editus, ab [[Daron Acemoğlu]] [[oeconomus|oeconomo]] [[Armenia|Armeno]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americano]]que et [[Iacobus A. Robinson|Iacobo A. Robinson]] oeconomo [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannico]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americano]]que exaratus. Ipsi anno [[2024]], propter sua studia de prosperitate [[civitas|civitatum]], unā cum [[Simon Johnson|Simone Johnson]] [[Praemium Nobelianum oeconomicarum scientiarum]] acceperunt.

Liber conspectum praebet de [[oeconomia]] institutorum, oeconomia ad progressionem nationalem directa, historiaque oeconomiae, ut comprehendatur, quare nationes diversa ineant itinera in progressione, in uno quibusdam contingit ut potestas et bona coacerventur, in altero autem hoc nisu succumbunt. Auctores condiciones ex toto orbe terrarum depromptas longe lateque ostendunt ad examinandum.

==Contextus==
===Antecedentia===
Liber summatim complectitur plurium annorum investigationem Daronii Acemoglu de theoria incrementi oeconomici, et Iacobi Robinson de oeconomia [[Africa]]e et [[America Latina|Americae Latinae]], necnon aliorum, qui idem indagaverunt. Historiam varias civitates tam exstinctas quam modernas interpretandi comprehendit, ratione illius scholae, quae animum in institutiones intendit oeconomicam navitatem sustinentes. Cardo operum multorum ab auctoribus exaratorum in eo sita est, ut partem, quam institutiones agunt ad summam salutem publicam assequendam, definiant. In libro priori auctores eandem causam pertractare studebant, qui vero multa exempla historica non continuit.

===Disputatio contentiosa contra theoriam oeconomicam geographicam===
Auctores crebro disputant assertiones aliarum theoriarum, quae inaequalitatem mundialem explicare conantur:
* [[Galfridus Sachs]] et [[Iared Diamond]]: theoria oeconomica geographica,
* Abhijit Banerjee et Esther Duflo: theoria ignorantiae ordinis pollentissimorum,
* Seymour Martin Lipset et theoria eius de theoria oeconomiam ad praesentiam accomodandi (modernisationis).

Insuper adduntur theoriae ad culturam spectantes:
* David Landes de peculiari structura culturali incolarum Europae septentrionalis,
* David Fisher de vi et effectu opportuno culturae Britannicae,
* Max Weber de vi qua ethica Protestanticarum religionum oeconomiae incrementa affecerit.
Acerrime theoriam geographicam reprehendunt, quam inaequalitatem mundialem generatim explicare non posse autument, neque id explicatur, cur nationes quaedam diu in quiete oeconomica versarentur, et postea aliquando oeconomia celeriter increscere incipiat, quamquam situs earum non mutatus est.

==Conspectus operis==
Liber ex 15 capitibus constat.

===Praerequisita progressus durabilis===
Urbes finitimas, Nogales (Arizona) et Nogales (Sonora), describentes, auctores in dubium vocant causas, quas affere solent ad discrimen rationis vivendi statuendum. Liber animum in id intendit, quemadmodum nationibus quibusdam contigerit, ut ad summam prosperitatem pervenerint, cum aliae consequenter in incremento durabili defecerint.

===Causae===
Progressus durabilis  perpetuis technologiis mutandis et provehendis concomitatur, cursus quem progressum scientificum et technologicam appellant. Cum eae causae quaerantur, quamobrem hoc incidat in quibusdam nationibus neque in aliis, auctores concludunt, ad scientiarum et technologiarum progressum necessarium esse, ut iura proprietatis ordinum socialium protegantur et proventum ex societatibus effectoriis et innovationibus ex diplomatibus inventionum adipiscantur.

Simulatque civis diploma iuris praecipii nanciscitur, extemplo ei intererit, ne quis privilegium obtineat propter genus inventionis eius provectum, ut sempiterne proventum ex diplomate eius adipiscatur. Itaque, ad progressum durabilem, mechanismo cuidam opus est, qui hoc facere ei prohibet, quoniam una cum privilegio ingentem opulentiam valet possidere.

Unde concludunt auctores, talem mechanismum instituta imprimis politica polyarchica praestare, quo facto ordines societatis participes fiunt in civitate gubernanda. In hoc exemplo, inventor prioris diplomatis aliquantulum perdit, omnes vero alii vincunt.

===Instituta pluralistica===

Instituta politica pluralistica decernunt quid maiori societatis parti prosint, quod sibi velit, inventorem prioris privilegii nequiturum esse recentiorem inventionem antevenire; itaque artes technologicae continuo evolventur. Hanc oeconomici incrementi interpretationem, veluti constantem bonorum artiumque mutationem, primum proposuit Iosephus Schumpeter, qui hunc cursum ''destructionem creativam'' nuncupavit. Sub forma proplasmatis oeconomici hanc notionem adhibuerunt Philippus Aghion et Petrus Howitt in suo proplasmate Aghion-Howitt, ubi incitamentum ad nova bona gignenda evolvenda est lucrum monopolicum ex effectione, quod post opus melius inventum finitur.

Cum instituta politica pluralistica tantum praestent, ut possessores monopoliorum iam exstantium, suae potestatis oeconomicae ope, novarum artium introductionem impedire nequeant, ista instituta civilia, ut auctorum fert sententia, requiruntur, ut civitas ad progressum durabilem transeat. Aliud requisitum est, ut summa potestas in instituta civilia colligatur, quoniam, nisi ista hac potestate erint potita, pluralismus civilis in confusionem chaoticam convertetur. Fundamentum operis theoreticum in commentatione communi cum Simon Johnson scripta ostenduntur, et auctores de vi et effectu Douglass North, qui in eorum opinionem efformandam significanter exseruerit, commemorant.

===Examen analyticum circa oeconomicam diversarum civitatum progressionem===

Intra quindecim capita Acemoglu et Robinson examinare conantur, quae elementa civitates ad politicum oeconomicumque successum aut casum adducant. Arguunt explicationes, quae hucusque exstiterunt ad enucleandam prosperitatem et paupertatem, puta geographiam, clima, culturam, religionem, rassam vel rectorum politicorum ignorantiam, vel ratione sufficienti carere, vel defectus habere.

Acemoglu et Robinson assertionem suam studiis ad singularum civitatum comparationem spectantibus confirmant. Nationes rationibus supra memoratis haud dissimiles seligunt, quae ob diversa consilia politica patrata plus minusve prosperae factae sunt. Corea est exemplum acerrimum, natio scilicet, quae in duas civitates anno 1953 divisa est. Oeconomiae utriusque civitatis diversa omnino itinera inierunt: Corea meridiana in numerum civitatum praeditissimarum refertur, Corea septentrionalis pauperrima mansit. Ulterioribus exemplis hoc illustratur: Nogales, Sonora in Mexico, Nogales, Arizone in Civitatibus Foederatis. Quoad has duas urbes finitimas, auctores influxum examinant, quemadmodum circumiectus institutionalis prosperitatem incolarum affecerit ibidem itidemque viventium.

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Acemoğlu &amp; Robinson, 2012
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Acemoğlu
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Daron
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Daron Acemoğlu
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Robinson
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Iacobus A.
		| commentatio de auctore 2 = Iacobus A. Robinson
		| titulus = Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 2012
		| locus = [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]
		| domus editoria = Crown Publishers
		| isbn = 978-0-307-71923-2
		| url = https://archive.org/details/WhyNationsFailTheOriginsODaronAcemoglu
		| url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/WhyNationsFailTheOriginsODaronAcemoglu/Why-Nations-Fail_-The-Origins-o-Daron-Acemoglu.pdf
	}}
}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Daron Acemoğlu]]
* [[Iared Diamond]]
* [[Simon Johnson]]
* [[Iacobus A. Robinson]]
* [[Galfridus Sachs]]
* [[Osvaldus Spengler]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.theideasletter.org/essay/the-2024-nobel-laureates-are-not-only-wrong-about-china-but-also-about-the-west/ The 2024 Nobel Laureates Are Not Only Wrong About China, But Also About the West] by Ang Yuen Yuen

[[Categoria: Oeconomia]]</text>
      <sha1>k604xm34mpwl5hg24r46a1na1r3y4eo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979470</id>
      <parentid>3979394</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:05:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martinus0000001</username>
        <id>197073</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Examen analyticum circa oeconomicam diversarum civitatum progressionem */</comment>
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      <text bytes="9700" sha1="6d859ba1fz8pc8yws7hm0wz6o8p3lsw" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus|lingua=en}}
{{Capsa libri Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:&quot;Why Nations Fail&quot; by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson.jpg|thumb|Liber in exhibitione quadam ostentus, G. Villamil [[photographus|photographo]]]]

{{ores|Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty|lingua=en}} (''Cur nationes concidant: de ortu potestatis, prosperitatis. et paupertatis'') est liber primum anno [[2012]] in lucem editus, ab [[Daron Acemoğlu]] [[oeconomus|oeconomo]] [[Armenia|Armeno]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americano]]que et [[Iacobus A. Robinson|Iacobo A. Robinson]] oeconomo [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannico]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americano]]que exaratus. Ipsi anno [[2024]], propter sua studia de prosperitate [[civitas|civitatum]], unā cum [[Simon Johnson|Simone Johnson]] [[Praemium Nobelianum oeconomicarum scientiarum]] acceperunt.

Liber conspectum praebet de [[oeconomia]] institutorum, oeconomia ad progressionem nationalem directa, historiaque oeconomiae, ut comprehendatur, quare nationes diversa ineant itinera in progressione, in uno quibusdam contingit ut potestas et bona coacerventur, in altero autem hoc nisu succumbunt. Auctores condiciones ex toto orbe terrarum depromptas longe lateque ostendunt ad examinandum.

==Contextus==
===Antecedentia===
Liber summatim complectitur plurium annorum investigationem Daronii Acemoglu de theoria incrementi oeconomici, et Iacobi Robinson de oeconomia [[Africa]]e et [[America Latina|Americae Latinae]], necnon aliorum, qui idem indagaverunt. Historiam varias civitates tam exstinctas quam modernas interpretandi comprehendit, ratione illius scholae, quae animum in institutiones intendit oeconomicam navitatem sustinentes. Cardo operum multorum ab auctoribus exaratorum in eo sita est, ut partem, quam institutiones agunt ad summam salutem publicam assequendam, definiant. In libro priori auctores eandem causam pertractare studebant, qui vero multa exempla historica non continuit.

===Disputatio contentiosa contra theoriam oeconomicam geographicam===
Auctores crebro disputant assertiones aliarum theoriarum, quae inaequalitatem mundialem explicare conantur:
* [[Galfridus Sachs]] et [[Iared Diamond]]: theoria oeconomica geographica,
* Abhijit Banerjee et Esther Duflo: theoria ignorantiae ordinis pollentissimorum,
* Seymour Martin Lipset et theoria eius de theoria oeconomiam ad praesentiam accomodandi (modernisationis).

Insuper adduntur theoriae ad culturam spectantes:
* David Landes de peculiari structura culturali incolarum Europae septentrionalis,
* David Fisher de vi et effectu opportuno culturae Britannicae,
* Max Weber de vi qua ethica Protestanticarum religionum oeconomiae incrementa affecerit.
Acerrime theoriam geographicam reprehendunt, quam inaequalitatem mundialem generatim explicare non posse autument, neque id explicatur, cur nationes quaedam diu in quiete oeconomica versarentur, et postea aliquando oeconomia celeriter increscere incipiat, quamquam situs earum non mutatus est.

==Conspectus operis==
Liber ex 15 capitibus constat.

===Praerequisita progressus durabilis===
Urbes finitimas, Nogales (Arizona) et Nogales (Sonora), describentes, auctores in dubium vocant causas, quas affere solent ad discrimen rationis vivendi statuendum. Liber animum in id intendit, quemadmodum nationibus quibusdam contigerit, ut ad summam prosperitatem pervenerint, cum aliae consequenter in incremento durabili defecerint.

===Causae===
Progressus durabilis  perpetuis technologiis mutandis et provehendis concomitatur, cursus quem progressum scientificum et technologicam appellant. Cum eae causae quaerantur, quamobrem hoc incidat in quibusdam nationibus neque in aliis, auctores concludunt, ad scientiarum et technologiarum progressum necessarium esse, ut iura proprietatis ordinum socialium protegantur et proventum ex societatibus effectoriis et innovationibus ex diplomatibus inventionum adipiscantur.

Simulatque civis diploma iuris praecipii nanciscitur, extemplo ei intererit, ne quis privilegium obtineat propter genus inventionis eius provectum, ut sempiterne proventum ex diplomate eius adipiscatur. Itaque, ad progressum durabilem, mechanismo cuidam opus est, qui hoc facere ei prohibet, quoniam una cum privilegio ingentem opulentiam valet possidere.

Unde concludunt auctores, talem mechanismum instituta imprimis politica polyarchica praestare, quo facto ordines societatis participes fiunt in civitate gubernanda. In hoc exemplo, inventor prioris diplomatis aliquantulum perdit, omnes vero alii vincunt.

===Instituta pluralistica===

Instituta politica pluralistica decernunt quid maiori societatis parti prosint, quod sibi velit, inventorem prioris privilegii nequiturum esse recentiorem inventionem antevenire; itaque artes technologicae continuo evolventur. Hanc oeconomici incrementi interpretationem, veluti constantem bonorum artiumque mutationem, primum proposuit Iosephus Schumpeter, qui hunc cursum ''destructionem creativam'' nuncupavit. Sub forma proplasmatis oeconomici hanc notionem adhibuerunt Philippus Aghion et Petrus Howitt in suo proplasmate Aghion-Howitt, ubi incitamentum ad nova bona gignenda evolvenda est lucrum monopolicum ex effectione, quod post opus melius inventum finitur.

Cum instituta politica pluralistica tantum praestent, ut possessores monopoliorum iam exstantium, suae potestatis oeconomicae ope, novarum artium introductionem impedire nequeant, ista instituta civilia, ut auctorum fert sententia, requiruntur, ut civitas ad progressum durabilem transeat. Aliud requisitum est, ut summa potestas in instituta civilia colligatur, quoniam, nisi ista hac potestate erint potita, pluralismus civilis in confusionem chaoticam convertetur. Fundamentum operis theoreticum in commentatione communi cum Simon Johnson scripta ostenduntur, et auctores de vi et effectu Douglass North, qui in eorum opinionem efformandam significanter exseruerit, commemorant.

===Examen analyticum circa oeconomicam diversarum civitatum progressionem===

Intra quindecim capita Acemoglu et Robinson examinare conantur, quae elementa civitates ad politicum oeconomicumque successum aut casum adducant. Arguunt explicationes, quae hucusque exstiterunt ad enucleandam prosperitatem et paupertatem, puta geographiam, clima, culturam, religionem, rassam vel rectorum politicorum ignorantiam, vel ratione sufficienti carere, vel defectus habere.

Acemoglu et Robinson assertionem suam studiis ad singularum civitatum comparationem spectantibus confirmant. Nationes rationibus supra memoratis haud dissimiles seligunt, quae ob diversa consilia politica patrata plus minusve prosperae factae sunt. Corea est exemplum acerrimum, natio scilicet, quae in duas civitates anno 1953 divisa est. Oeconomiae utriusque civitatis diversa omnino itinera inierunt: Corea meridiana in numerum civitatum praeditissimarum refertur, Corea septentrionalis pauperrima mansit. Ulterioribus exemplis hoc illustratur: Nogales, Sonora in Mexico, Nogales, Arizone in Civitatibus Foederatis. Quoad has duas urbes finitimas, auctores influxum examinant, quemadmodum circumiectus institutionalis prosperitatem incolarum affecerit ibidem itidemque viventium.

Acemoglu et Robinson asserunt, prosperitatem oeconomicam imprimis ex eo pendere, quod instituta oeconomica et politica multos homines includunt; quod significat, plerosque homines habere ius se rebus politicis decernendis interponendi, contra in illis, cum perpaucorum sodalitia institutis civilibus praesunt, neque in animo habent ea mutare. Arguunt, in illa civitate ius legesque valere, ubi civitas democratica et pluralistica munere suo fungitur. Auctores id quoque asseverant, instituta inclusiva prosperitatem oeconomicam fovere, quoniam structuram incitatricem praebent cogitationes ingeniosas remunerantem.

E contra scriptores instituta describunt ''extrahentia'', ea quae pollentissimis concedunt, qui aliis ordinibus imperent aliosque exspolient, opes eis extrahant qui ad ordinem pollentissimorum non pertinent. Arguunt nationes institutorum extrahentium successos prosperos eo non habere, quod conductores et cives paulum incitamenti habuerunt pecuniam ibi collocandi et innovandi. Causa primaria, cur ordo regnans destructionem creatricem metuant, est cursus qui instituta vetera et mala in nihilum redigit, necnon bona et nova generat. Destructio creatrix nova creat sodalitia, quae ad potestatem impetrandam aemulantur adversus ordinem dominantem, qui accessum ad opes oecononomicas et pecuniarias civitatis singularem perdere possent.

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Acemoğlu &amp; Robinson, 2012
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Acemoğlu
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Daron
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Daron Acemoğlu
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Robinson
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Iacobus A.
		| commentatio de auctore 2 = Iacobus A. Robinson
		| titulus = Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 2012
		| locus = [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]
		| domus editoria = Crown Publishers
		| isbn = 978-0-307-71923-2
		| url = https://archive.org/details/WhyNationsFailTheOriginsODaronAcemoglu
		| url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/WhyNationsFailTheOriginsODaronAcemoglu/Why-Nations-Fail_-The-Origins-o-Daron-Acemoglu.pdf
	}}
}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Daron Acemoğlu]]
* [[Iared Diamond]]
* [[Simon Johnson]]
* [[Iacobus A. Robinson]]
* [[Galfridus Sachs]]
* [[Osvaldus Spengler]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.theideasletter.org/essay/the-2024-nobel-laureates-are-not-only-wrong-about-china-but-also-about-the-west/ The 2024 Nobel Laureates Are Not Only Wrong About China, But Also About the West] by Ang Yuen Yuen

[[Categoria: Oeconomia]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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'''Lamingamalus Nazarenus Ebana'''{{FD ref}} (natus [[Esplugues de Llobregat|Speluncarum]] in [[Provincia Barcinonensis|provincia Barcinonensi]] [[Hispania|Hispaniae]] die [[13 Iulii]] [[2007]]) est  pedilusor Hispanicus, qui pro [[Futbol Club Barcelona|Barcinonensi Pediludii Societate]] certat.

Anno 2016 vicit [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum]] cum Hispania.

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes biographici}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Nati 2007]]
[[Categoria:Pedilusores Hispaniae]]</text>
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'''Lamingamalus Nazarenus Ebana'''{{FD ref}} (natus [[Esplugues de Llobregat|Speluncarum]] in [[Provincia Barcinonensis|provincia Barcinonensi]] [[Hispania|Hispaniae]] die [[13 Iulii]] [[2007]]) est  pedilusor Hispanicus, qui pro [[Futbol Club Barcelona|Barcinonensi Pediludii Societate]] certat.

Anno 2026 vicit [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum]] cum Hispania.

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes biographici}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Nati 2007]]
[[Categoria:Pedilusores Hispaniae]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:03:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Paul Gilly de Richembeault</username>
        <id>213185</id>
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'''Lamingamalus Nazarenus Ebana''' (natus [[Esplugues de Llobregat|Speluncarum]] in [[Provincia Barcinonensis|provincia Barcinonensi]] [[Hispania|Hispaniae]] die [[13 Iulii]] [[2007]]) est  pedilusor Hispanicus, qui pro [[Futbol Club Barcelona|Barcinonensi Pediludii Societate]] certat.

Anno 2026 vicit [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum]] cum Hispania.

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes biographici}}

[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Nati 2007]]
[[Categoria:Pedilusores Hispaniae]]</text>
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| fossil_range = {{Scala fossilis|541|252|r=[[Cambrium]] &gt; [[Permium]]}}
| image =Conocardium aliforme, Ratingen bei Duesseldorf - Lethaea geognostica, oder Beschreibung und Abbildung der für die Gebirgs-Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen BHL20571225 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = ''Conocardium aliforme'' (J. de C. Sowerby, 1827), species [[Devonium|Devonica]]: concha a latere, a dorso et a regione posteriori visa  
| image_width = 230px
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| subphylum = '''Conchifera'''
| classis = '''Rostroconchia'''[[†]]
| classis_authority = Pojeta, Runnegar, Morris et Newell, 1972
| subdivision_ranks = [[Ordo (taxinomia)|Ordines]]
| subdivision =
[[Ribeirioida]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Conocardiida]]
}}'''Rostroconchia''' sunt [[Mollusca|Molluscorum]] classis exstincta, cuius species a [[Cambrium|Cambrio]] usque ad [[Permium]] reperiuntur.&lt;ref&gt;Pojeta, J. Jr., Runnegar, B., Morris, N. J. &amp; Newell, N. D. (1972) [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.177.4045.264 Rostroconchia: A New Class of Bivalved Mollusks.] ''Science'', '''177''': 264–267. DOI:10.1126/science.177.4045.264&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Mineralconcholo11812sowe 0380 large (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Rostroconchia [[Carboniferum|Carbonifera]]: ''Hippocardia hibernica'' (Sowerby, 1815)&lt;ref&gt;Amler, Michael R.W. &amp; Rogalla, Nicola S. (2004) History and nomenclature of the Conocardioidea (Mollusca: Rostroconchia). ''Paläontologische Zeitschrift'', 78 (2): 307–322.&lt;/ref&gt; [1, 2] et ''Conocardium elongatum'' (Sowerby, 1815) [3]]]

== Descriptio ==

=== Concha ===
[[Concha]] Rostroconchiorum pseudobivalvis dicitur: apud adulta enim e duabus [[Valva (conchae)|valvis]] symmetricis constituitur, sinistra nempe et dextra, similiter ut apud [[Bivalvia]]; e contra, concha [[Larva (zoologia)|larvarum]] et iuvenum univalvis est. Praeterea, in regione dorsali, ubi apud Bivalvia articulatio habetur, qua utraque valva respectu alterius moventur, apud Rostroconchia coniunctio valvarum est duplex firmaque, una exterior, ubi unaquaeque valva continue in alterutram transit, altera interior per processum in forma laminae (rarius duarum laminarum), pegma dictum, unde et valvae immobiles sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Runnegar, B. (1978) [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rstb/article-abstract/284/1001/319/53832/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-Class-Rostroconchia?redirectedFrom=fulltext Origin and evolution of the Class Rostroconchia.] ''Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B'', 284 (1001): 319–333.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Anatomia ===
Rostroconchia [[Os (anatomia oris)|orem]] anteriorem, [[Anus (anatomia)|anum]] posteriorem, duas [[Branchiae|branchias]] necnon pedem Bivalvium pedi similem habuisse opinantur.&lt;ref&gt;Pojeta, J., Jr. &amp; Runnegar, B. (1976) [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0968/report.pdf The Paleontology of Rostroconch Mollusks and the Early History of the Phylum Mollusca.] ''U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper'', 968: 1–88.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Oecologia ===
Vixisse creduntur saepius partim in fundum maris infossa, rarius in superficie fundi iacentia. Praesertim depositivora erant, parte anteriore corporis ad colligendam escam utentia, rarius vero suspensivora.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Evolutio ===
Rostroconchia e [[Monoplacophora|Monoplacophoris]] originem duxisse creduntur, ancestores vero fuisse Bivalvium.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Diversitas ==
Rostroconchiorum species sunt ad 400, quarum veterrimae certa in stratis Cambrii superioris reperiuntur.&lt;ref&gt;Valentine, Iacobus W. (2004) ''On the Origin of Phyla.'' xxiv+614 pp. Sicagi et Londini: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-84548-6&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heraultipegma'', e Cambrio inferiore, primo tamquam ad Rostroconchia pertinens descriptum, hodie potius genus incertae sedis habetur.&lt;ref&gt;Kouchinsky, A., Bengtson, S., Clausen, S. &amp; Vendrasco, M. J. (2015) [https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app60/app20120004.pdf An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia.] ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', 60 (2): 421–512.&lt;/ref&gt; Ultima vero nota species est ''Pseudoconocardium licharewi'' Zavodowsky, 1960 e Permio superiore ([[Changhsingium|Changhsingio]]).&lt;ref&gt;Mazaev, A.V.  &amp; Biakov, A.S. (2025) [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1871174X2400146X ''Pseudoconocardium licharewi'' Zavodowsky, 1960, the latest representative of the extinct class Rostroconchia (Mollusca).] ''Palaeoworld'', 34 (4): 100900.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]
[[Categoria:Classes animalium]]
[[Categoria:Cambrio nata]]
[[Categoria:Permio exstincta]]</text>
      <sha1>gviwno93rrpfxsdqr7m9af8bkxy60ij</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979414</id>
      <parentid>3979322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:20:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cats &amp;c.</comment>
      <origin>3979414</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4728" sha1="norlg19dc2lav0ght9io416t8lcttgt" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa taxinomica 
| name = Trilobites
| fossil_range = {{Scala fossilis|541|252|r=[[Cambrium]] &gt; [[Permium]]}}
| image =Conocardium aliforme, Ratingen bei Duesseldorf - Lethaea geognostica, oder Beschreibung und Abbildung der für die Gebirgs-Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen BHL20571225 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = ''Conocardium aliforme'' (J. de C. Sowerby, 1827), species [[Devonium|Devonica]]: concha a latere, a dorso et a regione posteriori visa  
| image_width = 230px
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| subphylum = [[Conchifera]]
| classis = '''Rostroconchia'''[[†]]
| classis_authority = Pojeta, Runnegar, Morris et Newell, 1972
| subdivision_ranks = [[Ordo (taxinomia)|Ordines]]
| subdivision =
[[Ribeirioida]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Conocardiida]]
}}
'''Rostroconchia''' sunt [[Mollusca|Molluscorum]] classis exstincta, cuius [[species]] a [[Cambrium|Cambrio]] usque ad [[Permium]] reperiuntur.&lt;ref&gt;Pojeta, J. Jr., Runnegar, B., Morris, N. J. &amp; Newell, N. D. (1972) [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.177.4045.264 Rostroconchia: A New Class of Bivalved Mollusks.] ''Science'', '''177''': 264–267. DOI:10.1126/science.177.4045.264&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Mineralconcholo11812sowe 0380 large (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Rostroconchia [[Carboniferum|Carbonifera]]: ''Hippocardia hibernica'' (Sowerby, 1815)&lt;ref&gt;Amler, Michael R.W. &amp; Rogalla, Nicola S. (2004) History and nomenclature of the Conocardioidea (Mollusca: Rostroconchia). ''Paläontologische Zeitschrift'', 78 (2): 307–322.&lt;/ref&gt; [1, 2] et ''Conocardium elongatum'' (Sowerby, 1815) [3].]]

== Descriptio ==

=== Concha ===
[[Concha]] Rostroconchiorum pseudobivalvis dicitur: apud adulta enim e duabus [[Valva (conchae)|valvis]] symmetricis constituitur, sinistra nempe et dextra, similiter ut apud [[Bivalvia]]; e contra, concha [[Larva (zoologia)|larvarum]] et iuvenum univalvis est. Praeterea, in regione dorsali, ubi apud Bivalvia articulatio habetur, qua utraque valva respectu alterius moventur, apud Rostroconchia coniunctio valvarum est duplex firmaque, una exterior, ubi unaquaeque valva continue in alterutram transit, altera interior per processum in forma laminae (rarius duarum laminarum), pegma dictum, unde et valvae immobiles sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Runnegar, B. (1978) [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rstb/article-abstract/284/1001/319/53832/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-Class-Rostroconchia?redirectedFrom=fulltext Origin and evolution of the Class Rostroconchia.] ''Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B'', 284 (1001): 319–333.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Anatomia ===
Rostroconchia [[Os (anatomia oris)|orem]] anteriorem, [[Anus (anatomia)|anum]] posteriorem, duas [[Branchiae|branchias]] necnon pedem Bivalvium pedi similem habuisse opinantur.&lt;ref&gt;Pojeta, J., Jr. &amp; Runnegar, B. (1976) [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0968/report.pdf The Paleontology of Rostroconch Mollusks and the Early History of the Phylum Mollusca.] ''U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper'', 968: 1–88.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Oecologia ===
Vixisse creduntur saepius partim in fundum maris infossa, rarius in superficie fundi iacentia. Praesertim depositivora erant, parte anteriore corporis ad colligendam escam utentia, rarius vero suspensivora.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Evolutio ===
Rostroconchia e [[Monoplacophora|Monoplacophoris]] originem duxisse creduntur, ancestores vero fuisse Bivalvium.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Diversitas ==
Rostroconchiorum species sunt ad 400, quarum veterrimae certa in stratis Cambrii superioris reperiuntur.&lt;ref&gt;Valentine, Iacobus W. (2004) ''On the Origin of Phyla.'' xxiv+614 pp. Sicagi et Londini: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-84548-6&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heraultipegma'', e Cambrio inferiore, primo tamquam ad Rostroconchia pertinens descriptum, hodie potius genus incertae sedis habetur.&lt;ref&gt;Kouchinsky, A., Bengtson, S., Clausen, S. &amp; Vendrasco, M. J. (2015) [https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app60/app20120004.pdf An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia.] ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', 60 (2): 421–512.&lt;/ref&gt; Ultima vero nota species est ''Pseudoconocardium licharewi'' Zavodowsky, 1960 e Permio superiore ([[Changhsingium|Changhsingio]]).&lt;ref&gt;Mazaev, A.V.  &amp; Biakov, A.S. (2025) [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1871174X2400146X ''Pseudoconocardium licharewi'' Zavodowsky, 1960, the latest representative of the extinct class Rostroconchia (Mollusca).] ''Palaeoworld'', 34 (4): 100900.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Cambrio nata]]
[[Categoria:Classes animalium]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]
[[Categoria:Permio exstincta]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Pojeta]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Runnegar]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Morris]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Newell]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1972]]</text>
      <sha1>norlg19dc2lav0ght9io416t8lcttgt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979445</id>
      <parentid>3979414</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:15:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Additiones minores</comment>
      <origin>3979445</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5342" sha1="5hkervadtxqyznea0wya1ls5u426dsn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa taxinomica 
| name = Trilobites
| fossil_range = {{Scala fossilis|541|252|r=[[Cambrium]] &gt; [[Permium]]}}
| image =Conocardium aliforme, Ratingen bei Duesseldorf - Lethaea geognostica, oder Beschreibung und Abbildung der für die Gebirgs-Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen BHL20571225 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = ''Conocardium aliforme'' (J. de C. Sowerby, 1827), species [[Devonium|Devonica]]: concha a latere, a dorso et a regione posteriori visa  
| image_width = 230px
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| subphylum = [[Conchifera]]
| classis = '''Rostroconchia'''[[†]]
| classis_authority = Pojeta, Runnegar, Morris et Newell, 1972
| subdivision_ranks = [[Ordo (taxinomia)|Ordines]]
| subdivision =
[[Ribeirioida]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Conocardiida]]
}}
'''Rostroconchia''' sunt [[Mollusca|Molluscorum]] classis exstincta, cuius [[species]] a [[Cambrium|Cambrio]] usque ad [[Permium]] reperiuntur.&lt;ref&gt;Pojeta, J. Jr., Runnegar, B., Morris, N. J. &amp; Newell, N. D. (1972) [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.177.4045.264 Rostroconchia: A New Class of Bivalved Mollusks.] ''Science'', '''177''': 264–267. DOI:10.1126/science.177.4045.264&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Mineralconcholo11812sowe 0380 large (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Rostroconchia [[Carboniferum|Carbonifera]]: ''Hippocardia hibernica'' (Sowerby, 1815)&lt;ref&gt;Amler, Michael R.W. &amp; Rogalla, Nicola S. (2004) History and nomenclature of the Conocardioidea (Mollusca: Rostroconchia). ''Paläontologische Zeitschrift'', 78 (2): 307–322.&lt;/ref&gt; [1, 2] et ''Conocardium elongatum'' (Sowerby, 1815) [3].]]

== Descriptio ==

=== Concha ===
[[Concha]] Rostroconchiorum pseudobivalvis dicitur: apud adulta enim e duabus [[Valva (conchae)|valvis]] symmetricis constituitur, sinistra nempe et dextra, similiter ut apud [[Bivalvia]]; e contra, concha [[Larva (zoologia)|larvarum]] et iuvenum univalvis est. Praeterea, in regione dorsali, ubi apud Bivalvia articulatio habetur, qua utraque valva respectu alterius moventur, apud Rostroconchia coniunctio valvarum est duplex firmaque, una exterior, ubi unaquaeque valva continue in alterutram transit, altera interior per processum in forma laminae (rarius duarum laminarum), [[pegma]] dictum, unde et valvae immobiles sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Runnegar, B. (1978) [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rstb/article-abstract/284/1001/319/53832/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-Class-Rostroconchia?redirectedFrom=fulltext Origin and evolution of the Class Rostroconchia.] ''Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B'', 284 (1001): 319–333.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Anatomia ===
Rostroconchia [[Os (anatomia oris)|orem]] anteriorem, [[Anus (anatomia)|anum]] posteriorem, duas [[Branchiae|branchias]] necnon pedem Bivalvium pedi similem habuisse opinantur.&lt;ref&gt;Pojeta, J., Jr. &amp; Runnegar, B. (1976) [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0968/report.pdf The Paleontology of Rostroconch Mollusks and the Early History of the Phylum Mollusca.] ''U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper'', 968: 1–88.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Oecologia ===
Vixisse creduntur saepius partim in fundum maris infossa, rarius in superficie fundi iacentia. Praesertim depositivora erant, parte anteriore corporis ad colligendam escam utentia, rarius vero suspensivora.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Evolutio ===
Rostroconchia e [[Monoplacophora|Monoplacophoris]] originem duxisse creduntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Olim proavi Bivalvium fuisse censebantur, nunc vero potius Rostroconchia et Bivalvia proavum communem habuisse putantur.&lt;ref&gt;Mackinnon, D. I. (1985) [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03115518508618959 New Zealand late Middle Cambrian molluscs and the origin of Rostroconchia and Bivalvia.] ''Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology'', 9 (1): 65–81.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Fang Zong-jie &amp; Sánchez, T. M. (2012) [https://journals.ku.edu/treatiseonline/article/view/4275/4017 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 16: Origin and early evolution of the Bivalvia.] Treatise Online 43: 1–21.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Diversitas ==
Rostroconchiorum species sunt ad 400, quarum veterrimae certa in stratis Cambrii superioris reperiuntur.&lt;ref&gt;Valentine, Iacobus W. (2004) ''On the Origin of Phyla.'' xxiv+614 pp. Sicagi et Londini: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-84548-6&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heraultipegma'', e Cambrio inferiore, primo tamquam ad Rostroconchia pertinens descriptum, hodie potius genus incertae sedis habetur.&lt;ref&gt;Kouchinsky, A., Bengtson, S., Clausen, S. &amp; Vendrasco, M. J. (2015) [https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app60/app20120004.pdf An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia.] ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', 60 (2): 421–512.&lt;/ref&gt; Ultima vero nota species est ''Pseudoconocardium licharewi'' Zavodowsky, 1960 e Permio superiore ([[Changhsingium|Changhsingio]]).&lt;ref&gt;Mazaev, A.V.  &amp; Biakov, A.S. (2025) [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1871174X2400146X ''Pseudoconocardium licharewi'' Zavodowsky, 1960, the latest representative of the extinct class Rostroconchia (Mollusca).] ''Palaeoworld'', 34 (4): 100900.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Cambrio nata]]
[[Categoria:Classes animalium]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]
[[Categoria:Permio exstincta]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Pojeta]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Runnegar]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Morris]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Newell]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1972]]</text>
      <sha1>5hkervadtxqyznea0wya1ls5u426dsn</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Valva (conchae)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327508</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979312</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:06:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pagina nova : valva, pars conchae Bivalvium et Brachiopodorum</comment>
      <origin>3979312</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1269" sha1="5w35p8fewtkgxdoc6hysb8tkwazpy9u" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Abra alba 2.jpg|thumb|Concha bivalvis ''Abrae albae'', clausa a latere visa, atque aperta, ambabus valvis ab interiore visis]]
'''Valva''' est unaquaeque duarum partium, e quibus nonnullae [[Concha|conchae]] constituuntur.

Apud [[Bivalvia]], [[Brachiopoda]] et nonnulla [[Crustacea]] (Ostracoda et Conchostraca) corpus cooperitur concha constituta e duabus partibus quae respectu alterutrius movere possunt. Quae valvae tum symmetricae sunt, sinistra nempe et dextera, ut saepe apud Bivalvia, tum una ventralis maior, altera dorsalis minor, ut apud Brachiopoda.&lt;ref&gt;Rudwick, M. J. S. (1970) ''Living and fossil brachiopods.'' Londinii: Hutchinson University Library.&lt;/ref&gt;

Inter valvas habetur articulatio. Concha vero [[Rostroconchia|Rostroconchiorum]] pseudobivalvis dicitur, valvis eorum firme fixeque (sine articulatione) coniunctis, ergo immobilibus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Runnegar, B. (1978) [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rstb/article-abstract/284/1001/319/53832/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-Class-Rostroconchia?redirectedFrom=fulltext Origin and evolution of the Class Rostroconchia.] ''Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B'', 284 (1001): 319–333.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
[[Categoria:Zoologia]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]
[[Categoria:Crustacea]]
[[Categoria:Conchologia]]</text>
      <sha1>5w35p8fewtkgxdoc6hysb8tkwazpy9u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979321</id>
      <parentid>3979312</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:37:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Minora</comment>
      <origin>3979321</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1275" sha1="93644tqusiq0azk1a0e3nxj683fzqa2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Abra alba 2.jpg|thumb|Concha bivalvis ''Abrae albae'', clausa a latere visa, atque aperta, ambabus valvis ab interiore visis]]
'''Valva''' est unaquaeque duarum partium, e quibus nonnullae [[Concha|conchae]] constituuntur.

Apud [[Bivalvia]], [[Brachiopoda]] et nonnulla [[Crustacea]] (Ostracoda et Conchostraca) corpus cooperitur concha constituta e duabus partibus quarum utraque respectu alterius movere potest. Quae valvae tum symmetricae sunt, sinistra nempe et dextera, ut saepe apud Bivalvia, tum una ventralis maior, altera dorsalis minor, ut apud Brachiopoda.&lt;ref&gt;Rudwick, M. J. S. (1970) ''Living and fossil brachiopods.'' Londinii: Hutchinson University Library.&lt;/ref&gt;

Inter valvas habetur articulatio. Concha vero [[Rostroconchia|Rostroconchiorum]] pseudobivalvis dicitur, valvis eorum firme fixeque (sine articulatione) coniunctis, ergo immobilibus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Runnegar, B. (1978) [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rstb/article-abstract/284/1001/319/53832/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-Class-Rostroconchia?redirectedFrom=fulltext Origin and evolution of the Class Rostroconchia.] ''Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B'', 284 (1001): 319–333.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
[[Categoria:Zoologia]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]
[[Categoria:Crustacea]]
[[Categoria:Conchologia]]</text>
      <sha1>93644tqusiq0azk1a0e3nxj683fzqa2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979418</id>
      <parentid>3979321</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:22:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cats</comment>
      <origin>3979418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1292" sha1="9ndkns4vvdr9zby4q1bynif4r264b3s" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Abra alba 2.jpg|thumb|Concha bivalvis ''Abrae albae'', clausa a latere visa, atque aperta, ambabus valvis ab interiore visis]]
'''Valva''' est unaquaeque duarum partium, e quibus nonnullae [[Concha|conchae]] constituuntur.

Apud [[Bivalvia]], [[Brachiopoda]] et nonnulla [[Crustacea]] (Ostracoda et Conchostraca) corpus cooperitur concha constituta e duabus partibus quarum utraque respectu alterius movere potest. Quae valvae tum symmetricae sunt, sinistra nempe et dextera, ut saepe apud Bivalvia, tum una ventralis maior, altera dorsalis minor, ut apud Brachiopoda.&lt;ref&gt;Rudwick, M. J. S. (1970) ''Living and fossil brachiopods.'' Londinii: Hutchinson University Library.&lt;/ref&gt;

Inter valvas habetur articulatio. Concha vero [[Rostroconchia|Rostroconchiorum]] pseudobivalvis dicitur, valvis eorum firme fixeque (sine articulatione) coniunctis, ergo immobilibus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Runnegar, B. (1978) [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rstb/article-abstract/284/1001/319/53832/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-Class-Rostroconchia?redirectedFrom=fulltext Origin and evolution of the Class Rostroconchia.] ''Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B'', 284 (1001): 319–333.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;reveferences/&gt;

[[Categoria:Conchologia]]
[[Categoria:Crustacea]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]
[[Categoria:Zoologia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dahlem (Saxonia Inferior)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327509</id>
    <redirect title="Dalemia" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979324</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:48:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dahlem (Saxonia Inferior)]] ad [[Dalemia]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979324</origin>
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      <text bytes="21" sha1="cxxoqc98g1j3y3quxczb5hltn65qydt" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dalemia]]</text>
      <sha1>cxxoqc98g1j3y3quxczb5hltn65qydt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalem</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327510</id>
    <redirect title="Dalemia" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979329</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:57:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Dalemia]]</comment>
      <origin>3979329</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="cxxoqc98g1j3y3quxczb5hltn65qydt" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dalemia]]</text>
      <sha1>cxxoqc98g1j3y3quxczb5hltn65qydt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dahlenburg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327511</id>
    <redirect title="Dalenburgum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979337</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:16:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dahlenburg]] ad [[Dalenburgum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979337</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="25" sha1="nek5p5jlifcbqgoqqfi3oqmzjx84lvo" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dalenburgum]]</text>
      <sha1>nek5p5jlifcbqgoqqfi3oqmzjx84lvo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalenburgia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327512</id>
    <redirect title="Dalenburgum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979343</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:37:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Dalenburgum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979343</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="nek5p5jlifcbqgoqqfi3oqmzjx84lvo" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dalenburgum]]</text>
      <sha1>nek5p5jlifcbqgoqqfi3oqmzjx84lvo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dahlenburg (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327513</id>
    <redirect title="Dalenburgum (commune generale)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979346</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:39:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dahlenburg (commune generale)]] ad [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979346</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="44" sha1="c978f0p7ejc6zr22gdyp2qekr6l8mzn" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)]]</text>
      <sha1>c978f0p7ejc6zr22gdyp2qekr6l8mzn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Stanley</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327514</id>
    <redirect title="Stanleius" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979368</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Stanley]] ad [[Stanleius]] praeter redirectionem: Sic formulā {{[[Formula:Movenda|Movenda]]}} suadetur</comment>
      <origin>3979368</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="amrvng2z8e9jqn40u0vbm45q2lp8vq1" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Stanleius]]</text>
      <sha1>amrvng2z8e9jqn40u0vbm45q2lp8vq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dahlum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327515</id>
    <redirect title="Dalum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979381</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:29:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dahlum]] ad [[Dalum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979381</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="ten6f8roqqpr59u0kgu62s9d1f1p8rl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dalum]]</text>
      <sha1>ten6f8roqqpr59u0kgu62s9d1f1p8rl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Elm-Asse (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327516</id>
    <redirect title="Elma-Assa (commune generale)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979388</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:44:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)]] ad [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979388</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="2npwnjwjtbk4j31w45l21l7476409lp" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)]]</text>
      <sha1>2npwnjwjtbk4j31w45l21l7476409lp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Asse (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327517</id>
    <redirect title="Assa (commune generale)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979402</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:09:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Asse (commune generale)]] ad [[Assa (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979402</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" sha1="bjlgh5x8okalhiev7oybvvxulikspu3" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Assa (commune generale)]]</text>
      <sha1>bjlgh5x8okalhiev7oybvvxulikspu3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Neuropeptidum</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>327518</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979403</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:10:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De neutro genere */ nova pars</comment>
      <origin>3979403</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="331" sha1="r47ukd2pahpfln49qi80nuwpzj0frh1" xml:space="preserve">== De neutro genere ==

Latine neutra nomina in -is non sunt. Tantum neutrum esse potest si ex adiectivo neutro ortum est: peptidis, is, e, hoc est e nominativo peptide. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:10, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>r47ukd2pahpfln49qi80nuwpzj0frh1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979450</id>
      <parentid>3979403</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:24:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De neutro genere */ Responsum</comment>
      <origin>3979450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="846" sha1="afjnq362x8yh8j7uomabmvrurmi7s5g" xml:space="preserve">== De neutro genere ==

Latine neutra nomina in -is non sunt. Tantum neutrum esse potest si ex adiectivo neutro ortum est: peptidis, is, e, hoc est e nominativo peptide. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:10, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Bene dicis, [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]]. Exstant nomina neutralia suffixo {{wikten|-oides}}, sed minime suffixo -is. Hic fortasse fontem non satis idoneum inveneram. Etiamsi [https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/peptidiphaga LPSN databularium] idem scribit, sunt etiam fontes qui formam “-peptidum, -i” praeferunt. {{LLHL26|Peptid|269}}. Fortasse similes paginae (-peptidis) ad formam -peptidum movendae sunt. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:23, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>afjnq362x8yh8j7uomabmvrurmi7s5g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979464</id>
      <parentid>3979450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:51:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1440" sha1="invomin7qvgeqth6c5pyfxw5n1c8kne" xml:space="preserve">== De neutro genere ==

Latine neutra nomina in -is non sunt. Tantum neutrum esse potest si ex adiectivo neutro ortum est: peptidis, is, e, hoc est e nominativo peptide. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:10, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Bene dicis, [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]]. Exstant nomina neutralia suffixo {{wikten|-oides}}, sed minime suffixo -is. Hic fortasse fontem non satis idoneum inveneram. Etiamsi [https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/peptidiphaga LPSN databularium] idem scribit, sunt etiam fontes qui formam “-peptidum, -i” praeferunt. {{LLHL26|Peptid|269}}. Fortasse similes paginae (-peptidis) ad formam -peptidum movendae sunt. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:23, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

Salve Grufo,
Ego quidem peptidum malo et tibi consentio  eo magis quod nescitur utrum formae in -peptidis masculinae an femininae esse debeant. Ut [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] vetus Romanus sum: ne suffixum novum quidem -oides,n noveram (Graece suffixum adiectivi frequentissimum invenitur -eides cum eodem sensu, sed cum e longa non neutrum). Bene facis certiorem me faciens alioqui fortasse tale verbum correxissem.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:50, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>invomin7qvgeqth6c5pyfxw5n1c8kne</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979539</id>
      <parentid>3979464</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:05:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De neutro genere */ Paginam movere possumus</comment>
      <origin>3979539</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1827" sha1="ritfn986xut65glapeuvv1zxsjn40g3" xml:space="preserve">== De neutro genere ==

Latine neutra nomina in -is non sunt. Tantum neutrum esse potest si ex adiectivo neutro ortum est: peptidis, is, e, hoc est e nominativo peptide. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:10, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Bene dicis, [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]]. Exstant nomina neutralia suffixo {{wikten|-oides}}, sed minime suffixo -is. Hic fortasse fontem non satis idoneum inveneram. Etiamsi [https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/peptidiphaga LPSN databularium] idem scribit, sunt etiam fontes qui formam “-peptidum, -i” praeferunt. {{LLHL26|Peptid|269}}. Fortasse similes paginae (-peptidis) ad formam -peptidum movendae sunt. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:23, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

Salve Grufo,
Ego quidem peptidum malo et tibi consentio  eo magis quod nescitur utrum formae in -peptidis masculinae an femininae esse debeant. Ut [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] vetus Romanus sum: ne suffixum novum quidem -oides,n noveram (Graece suffixum adiectivi frequentissimum invenitur -eides cum eodem sensu, sed cum e longa non neutrum). Bene facis certiorem me faciens alioqui fortasse tale verbum correxissem.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:50, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Ita, suffixum -oides videtur esse recentissimum; omnes fontes in pagina “[[Alcaloides]]” post annum 1841 scripti sunt, atque plerique nomen recte tractant masculinum (mea sententia, “alcaloides” nomen neutrale mala est inventio). Si nemo dissentit igitur hanc paginam movere possumus. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:05, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ritfn986xut65glapeuvv1zxsjn40g3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979546</id>
      <parentid>3979539</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:20:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De neutro genere */</comment>
      <origin>3979546</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2081" sha1="le1a81ucmz6olm9vdyjehy7g7jcowum" xml:space="preserve">== De neutro genere ==

Latine neutra nomina in -is non sunt. Tantum neutrum esse potest si ex adiectivo neutro ortum est: peptidis, is, e, hoc est e nominativo peptide. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:10, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Bene dicis, [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]]. Exstant nomina neutralia suffixo {{wikten|-oides}}, sed minime suffixo -is. Hic fortasse fontem non satis idoneum inveneram. Etiamsi [https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/peptidiphaga LPSN databularium] idem scribit, sunt etiam fontes qui formam “-peptidum, -i” praeferunt. {{LLHL26|Peptid|269}}. Fortasse similes paginae (-peptidis) ad formam -peptidum movendae sunt. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:23, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

Salve Grufo,
Ego quidem peptidum malo et tibi consentio  eo magis quod nescitur utrum formae in -peptidis masculinae an femininae esse debeant. Ut [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] vetus Romanus sum: ne suffixum novum quidem -oides,n noveram (Graece suffixum adiectivi frequentissimum invenitur -eides cum eodem sensu, sed cum e longa non neutrum). Bene facis certiorem me faciens alioqui fortasse tale verbum correxissem.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:50, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Ita, suffixum -oides est saepe recentissimum; omnes fontes in pagina “[[Alcaloides]]” post annum 1841 scripti sunt, atque plerique nomen recte tractant masculinum. Sed, cave, nomen “sphaeroīdes” iam {{Vf|De architectura/Liber VIII|Caput Quintum|in Vitruvii libris ''De architectura'' invenitur}}, et mihi videtur esse adiectivum singulae terminationis (vide [https://archive.org/details/5forcellini/page/n445/mode/2up Forcellini])—ergo forma neutralis etiam est “sphaeroides”. Si nemo dissentit igitur hanc paginam movere possumus. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:05, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>le1a81ucmz6olm9vdyjehy7g7jcowum</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979555</id>
      <parentid>3979546</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:48:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De neutro genere */</comment>
      <origin>3979555</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2144" sha1="h0t9bhgccgf3g7rqsgimoxyd1y41tn8" xml:space="preserve">== De neutro genere ==

Latine neutra nomina in -is non sunt. Tantum neutrum esse potest si ex adiectivo neutro ortum est: peptidis, is, e, hoc est e nominativo peptide. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:10, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Bene dicis, [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]]. Exstant nomina neutralia suffixo {{wikten|-oides}}, sed minime suffixo -is. Hic fortasse fontem non satis idoneum inveneram. Etiamsi [https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/peptidiphaga LPSN databularium] idem scribit, sunt etiam fontes qui formam “-peptidum, -i” praeferunt. {{LLHL26|Peptid|269}}. Fortasse similes paginae (-peptidis) ad formam -peptidum movendae sunt. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:23, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

Salve Grufo,
Ego quidem peptidum malo et tibi consentio  eo magis quod nescitur utrum formae in -peptidis masculinae an femininae esse debeant. Ut [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] vetus Romanus sum: ne suffixum novum quidem -oides,n noveram (Graece suffixum adiectivi frequentissimum invenitur -eides cum eodem sensu, sed cum e longa non neutrum). Bene facis certiorem me faciens alioqui fortasse tale verbum correxissem.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:50, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
: Ita, suffixum -oides est saepe recentissimum; omnes fontes in pagina “[[Alcaloides]]” post annum 1841 scripti sunt, atque plerique nomen recte tractant masculinum. Sed, cave, nomen “sphaeroīdes” iam {{Vf|De architectura/Liber VIII|Caput Quintum|in Vitruvii libris ''De architectura'' invenitur}}, et mihi videtur esse adiectivum singulae terminationis (vide [https://archive.org/details/5forcellini/page/n445/mode/2up Forcellini])—ergo forma neutralis etiam est “sphaeroides”. Si nemo dissentit hanc paginam movere possumus (sed fortasse melius est alios fontes formae “peptidum” invenire). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:05, 8 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>h0t9bhgccgf3g7rqsgimoxyd1y41tn8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saepes dingonum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327519</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979413</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3979413</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1462" sha1="jjdbh6zwisvwtr0yujmzomru38enrc9" xml:space="preserve">{{in usu}}[[Fasciculus:Sturt National Park3 - Dingo Fence - CameronsCorner.jpg|thumb|Saepes dingonum prope ad Angulum Cameronis inter Terram Reginae et Novam Cambriam Australem]]
{{res|Saepes dingonum}}{{Convertimus}} ([[Anglice]] ''Dingo Fence'') est [[saepes]] longissima per totam [[Australia]]m extenta. Partem continentis austrorientalem, ubi ovium greges in terris frugiferis pascuntur, a [[dingo|dingonibus]] defendit, qui Australiam ceteram sicciorem incolunt et permultos oves rapiunt, si possunt. Longitudinem 5614 [[chm]] habet.

[[Fasciculus:Dingo fence in Australia.PNG|thumb|Saepem dingonum linea violacea signat]]
==Situs==

A [[Magnus Sinus Australianus|Magno sinu Australiano]] per [[Australia Australis|Australiam Australem]] ad boreorientem tendit, et partem regionis austrorientalem separat; post per confinium Australiae Australis et [[Nova Cambria Australis|Novae Cambriae Australis]] ad septentrionem usque ad [[Angulus Cameronis|Angulum Cameronis]]&lt;ref&gt;''Cameron Corner''.&lt;/ref&gt; adit et ab eo ad orientem vertit per confinium Novae Cambriae Australis et [[Terra Reginae|Terrae Reginae]]; denique partem magnam australem Terrae Reginae a terris borealibus separat.

==Historia==


==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}

[[Categoria:Opera terrestria Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Terra Reginae]]
[[Categoria:Nova Cambria Australis]]
[[Categoria:Australia Australis]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 1885]]
[[Categoria:Saepes]]</text>
      <sha1>jjdbh6zwisvwtr0yujmzomru38enrc9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979454</id>
      <parentid>3979413</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:36:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2274" sha1="sr9syvjub3g1163dkjjnpz4e9fc8y6o" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Sturt National Park3 - Dingo Fence - CameronsCorner.jpg|thumb|Saepes dingonum prope ad Angulum Cameronis inter Terram Reginae et Novam Cambriam Australem]]
{{res|Saepes dingonum}}{{Convertimus}} ([[Anglice]] ''Dingo Fence'') est [[saepes]] longissima per totam [[Australia]]m extenta. Partem continentis austrorientalem, ubi ovium greges in terris frugiferis pascuntur, a [[dingo|dingonibus]] defendit, qui Australiam ceteram sicciorem incolunt et permultos oves rapiunt, si possunt. Longitudinem 5614 [[chm]] habet. Pali saepis chalybeii per 9 metra pancti sunt, qui rete metallicum tenent.

[[Fasciculus:Dingo fence in Australia.PNG|thumb|Saepem dingonum linea violacea signat]]
==Situs==

A [[Magnus Sinus Australianus|Magno sinu Australiano]] per [[Australia Australis|Australiam Australem]] ad boreorientem tendit, et partem regionis austrorientalem separat; post per confinium Australiae Australis et [[Nova Cambria Australis|Novae Cambriae Australis]] ad septentrionem usque ad [[Angulus Cameronis|Angulum Cameronis]]&lt;ref&gt;''Cameron Corner''.&lt;/ref&gt; adit et ab eo ad orientem vertit per confinium Novae Cambriae Australis et [[Terra Reginae|Terrae Reginae]]; denique partem magnam australem Terrae Reginae a terris borealibus separat, usque ad [[Toowoomba]]m urbem protenta.

==Historia==

Post annum 1880 prima saepes his locis contra [[Oryctolagus cuniculus|cuniculos]] constructa est, sed male eos arcebat, et consilium captum est maiorem hanc fecere, ne etiam dingones permitteret. Post 1948 saepis reconstructio et defensio res nationalis facta est, et nunc lex non solum pro saepe laesa vel destructa punit, sed iam pro portis in viis per saepem non opertis.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/nature-wildlife/2022/05/the-dog-fence/ ''The Dog Fence: what future for this iconic but contentious barrier?''] ([https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.australiangeographic.com.au%2Fnature-wildlife%2F2022%2F05%2Fthe-dog-fence%2F archivum]), in ''Australian Geographic'' 

[[Categoria:Opera terrestria Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Terra Reginae]]
[[Categoria:Nova Cambria Australis]]
[[Categoria:Australia Australis]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 1885]]
[[Categoria:Saepes]]</text>
      <sha1>sr9syvjub3g1163dkjjnpz4e9fc8y6o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Opera terrestria Australiae</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>327520</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979421</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:24:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3979421</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="60" sha1="jft2okcygcad9p1w89s10l4esgo17qk" xml:space="preserve">[[Categoria:Opera terrestria]]
[[Categoria:Loci Australiae]]</text>
      <sha1>jft2okcygcad9p1w89s10l4esgo17qk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979552</id>
      <parentid>3979421</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:42:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: new key for [[Categoria:Opera terrestria]]: &quot;- Australiae&quot;</comment>
      <origin>3979552</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="73" sha1="gpzs8w2fj6ixst061kd5l5ifzxp6l02" xml:space="preserve">[[Categoria:Opera terrestria|- Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Loci Australiae]]</text>
      <sha1>gpzs8w2fj6ixst061kd5l5ifzxp6l02</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Damnatz</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327521</id>
    <redirect title="Damnatzium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979440</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:06:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Damnatz]] ad [[Damnatzium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979440</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="rb9m0cc68u7nh3120e0vbyfpijpdej6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Damnatzium]]</text>
      <sha1>rb9m0cc68u7nh3120e0vbyfpijpdej6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pegma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327522</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979442</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:14:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pagina nova : pegma, structura anatomica apud nonnulla Mollusca</comment>
      <origin>3979442</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1797" sha1="9lte8lw19rns598x7tdy9hs263o47mc" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Polechova et al 2025 Molluscs of the Lower Ordovician Cabrières Lagerstätte Fig. 4 (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Ribeiria'' sp., [[Mollusca|molluscum]] rostroconche Ordovicicum. Pegma tamquam incisura profunda in anteriore parte fossilis conspicitur (sagittula monstratur)&lt;ref&gt;Polechová, M., Ebbestad, J. O. R., &amp; Kröger, B. (2025) [https://www.scup.com/doi/10.18261/let.59.2.1 Molluscs of the Lower Ordovician Cabrières Lagerstätte, France – diversity and distribution.] ''Lethaia'', 59 (2): 1–16.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Pegma''' est pars [[Concha|conchae]] nonnullorum [[Rostroconchia|Rostroconchiorum]].

== Quid sit et ubi occurrat ==
Pegma est processus in forma laminae, rarius duarum laminarum, quo ambae [[Valva (conchae)|valvae]] conchae Rostroconchiorum interius iunguntur. Invenitur in parte anteriore conchae. Si autem concha ipsa haud cum materie pristina conservata sit, sed tantum ut lithificata portio [[Sedimentum|sedimenti]] qui eam post mortem animalis implevit, tamquam flatura, pegma per incisuram in hoc fossili recognosci potest.&lt;ref&gt;Valentine, Iacobus W. (2004) ''On the Origin of Phyla.'' xxiv+614 pp. Sicagi et Londini: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-84548-6&lt;/ref&gt;

Pegma apud prima Rostroconchia apparuit, quod ea a [[Monoplacophora|Monoplacophoris]], proavis eorum distinguit.&lt;ref&gt;Fang Zong-jie &amp; Sánchez, T. M. (2012) [https://journals.ku.edu/treatiseonline/article/view/4275/4017 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 16: Origin and early evolution of the Bivalvia.] Treatise Online 43: 1–21.&lt;/ref&gt; Pegma habent Rostroconchia antiquiora, [[Cambrium|Cambrica]] nempe et [[Ordovicium|Ordovicica]], [[Devonium|Devonica]] vero pegmate carent.

== Notae ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Conchologia]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]</text>
      <sha1>9lte8lw19rns598x7tdy9hs263o47mc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979500</id>
      <parentid>3979442</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:20:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Discretiva</comment>
      <origin>3979500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1832" sha1="ti83skf4rsn13vy9j6lpp68paqwqurm" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|[[Pegma (discretiva)]]}}
[[Fasciculus:Polechova et al 2025 Molluscs of the Lower Ordovician Cabrières Lagerstätte Fig. 4 (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Ribeiria'' sp., [[Mollusca|molluscum]] rostroconche Ordovicicum. Pegma tamquam incisura profunda in anteriore parte fossilis conspicitur (sagittula monstratur)&lt;ref&gt;Polechová, M., Ebbestad, J. O. R., &amp; Kröger, B. (2025) [https://www.scup.com/doi/10.18261/let.59.2.1 Molluscs of the Lower Ordovician Cabrières Lagerstätte, France – diversity and distribution.] ''Lethaia'', 59 (2): 1–16.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Pegma''' est pars [[Concha|conchae]] nonnullorum [[Rostroconchia|Rostroconchiorum]].

== Quid sit et ubi occurrat ==
Pegma est processus in forma laminae, rarius duarum laminarum, quo ambae [[Valva (conchae)|valvae]] conchae Rostroconchiorum interius iunguntur. Invenitur in parte anteriore conchae. Si autem concha ipsa haud cum materie pristina conservata sit, sed tantum ut lithificata portio [[Sedimentum|sedimenti]] qui eam post mortem animalis implevit, tamquam flatura, pegma per incisuram in hoc fossili recognosci potest.&lt;ref&gt;Valentine, Iacobus W. (2004) ''On the Origin of Phyla.'' xxiv+614 pp. Sicagi et Londini: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-84548-6&lt;/ref&gt;

Pegma apud prima Rostroconchia apparuit, quod ea a [[Monoplacophora|Monoplacophoris]], proavis eorum distinguit.&lt;ref&gt;Fang Zong-jie &amp; Sánchez, T. M. (2012) [https://journals.ku.edu/treatiseonline/article/view/4275/4017 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 16: Origin and early evolution of the Bivalvia.] Treatise Online 43: 1–21.&lt;/ref&gt; Pegma habent Rostroconchia antiquiora, [[Cambrium|Cambrica]] nempe et [[Ordovicium|Ordovicica]], [[Devonium|Devonica]] vero pegmate carent.

== Notae ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Conchologia]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]</text>
      <sha1>ti83skf4rsn13vy9j6lpp68paqwqurm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979505</id>
      <parentid>3979500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:38:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979505</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1828" sha1="j50zt59jr2csvsc2lc7cckfmn9hfnvj" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|Pegma (discretiva)}}
[[Fasciculus:Polechova et al 2025 Molluscs of the Lower Ordovician Cabrières Lagerstätte Fig. 4 (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Ribeiria'' sp., [[Mollusca|molluscum]] rostroconche Ordovicicum. Pegma tamquam incisura profunda in anteriore parte fossilis conspicitur (sagittula monstratur)&lt;ref&gt;Polechová, M., Ebbestad, J. O. R., &amp; Kröger, B. (2025) [https://www.scup.com/doi/10.18261/let.59.2.1 Molluscs of the Lower Ordovician Cabrières Lagerstätte, France – diversity and distribution.] ''Lethaia'', 59 (2): 1–16.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Pegma''' est pars [[Concha|conchae]] nonnullorum [[Rostroconchia|Rostroconchiorum]].

== Quid sit et ubi occurrat ==
Pegma est processus in forma laminae, rarius duarum laminarum, quo ambae [[Valva (conchae)|valvae]] conchae Rostroconchiorum interius iunguntur. Invenitur in parte anteriore conchae. Si autem concha ipsa haud cum materie pristina conservata sit, sed tantum ut lithificata portio [[Sedimentum|sedimenti]] qui eam post mortem animalis implevit, tamquam flatura, pegma per incisuram in hoc fossili recognosci potest.&lt;ref&gt;Valentine, Iacobus W. (2004) ''On the Origin of Phyla.'' xxiv+614 pp. Sicagi et Londini: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-84548-6&lt;/ref&gt;

Pegma apud prima Rostroconchia apparuit, quod ea a [[Monoplacophora|Monoplacophoris]], proavis eorum distinguit.&lt;ref&gt;Fang Zong-jie &amp; Sánchez, T. M. (2012) [https://journals.ku.edu/treatiseonline/article/view/4275/4017 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 16: Origin and early evolution of the Bivalvia.] Treatise Online 43: 1–21.&lt;/ref&gt; Pegma habent Rostroconchia antiquiora, [[Cambrium|Cambrica]] nempe et [[Ordovicium|Ordovicica]], [[Devonium|Devonica]] vero pegmate carent.

== Notae ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Conchologia]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca]]</text>
      <sha1>j50zt59jr2csvsc2lc7cckfmn9hfnvj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Saepes</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>327523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979455</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:36:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3979455</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="5h8y6asokid06rduj1f4z4b4uotgzh6" xml:space="preserve">[[Categoria:Aedificia]]</text>
      <sha1>5h8y6asokid06rduj1f4z4b4uotgzh6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Elbtalaue (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327524</id>
    <redirect title="Prata Albis (commune generale)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979467</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:01:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Elbtalaue (commune generale)]] ad [[Prata Albis (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" sha1="37upecohahtsgs9adrlkpti1rd6p3sz" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Prata Albis (commune generale)]]</text>
      <sha1>37upecohahtsgs9adrlkpti1rd6p3sz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Procella Katrina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327525</id>
    <redirect title="Huracanum Katrina" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979498</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:00:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bartholomite movit paginam [[Procella Katrina]] ad [[Huracanum Katrina]]: latinitas</comment>
      <origin>3979498</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31" sha1="gd052jj9wzzzilwxhsl7ih8uy6wow8g" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Huracanum Katrina]]</text>
      <sha1>gd052jj9wzzzilwxhsl7ih8uy6wow8g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pegma (discretiva)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327526</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979501</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:23:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pagina discretiva nova</comment>
      <origin>3979501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="255" sha1="6r6x7qyey7tdadtfpl6vspeauick319" xml:space="preserve">[[Vocabulum]] '''pegma''' plurimas siginificationes habet:

* Latinitate classica: [[Pegma (supellex)|pegma]], supellex ubi libri ponuntur;
* in lingua neo-Latina zoologica: [[pegma]], processus conchae Rostroconchiorum.

[[Categoria:Paginae discretivae]]</text>
      <sha1>6r6x7qyey7tdadtfpl6vspeauick319</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pegma (supellex)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327527</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979506</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:43:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pagina nova: pegma librarium</comment>
      <origin>3979506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="568" sha1="4lnhxslgwbavdd5itu1rfacyu6qufts" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|[[Pegma (discretiva)]]}}
[[Fasciculus:BibliothekSG.jpg|thumb|Bibliotheca [[Monasterium Principale Sancti Galli|Coenobii Sangallensis]] cum permultis pegmatibus]]
'''Pegma''', seu '''pegma librarium''' est [[supellex]], ubi [[Liber|libri]] ponuntur. Secundum auctores, hoc vocabulum significat tum totum [[armarium]], tum unumquodque elementum eius horizontale, directe libros sustinens.&lt;ref&gt;Morgan, David (s.d.) ''[https://www.culturaclasica.com/lingualatina/lexicon_latinum_morgan.pdf Lexicon Latinum]'' [in interreti]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Categoria:Supellex domestica]]</text>
      <sha1>4lnhxslgwbavdd5itu1rfacyu6qufts</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979507</id>
      <parentid>3979506</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T19:02:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nota</comment>
      <origin>3979507</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="745" sha1="btbwnq1ltlcar76iwzoowdvzm5nhfiu" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|[[Pegma (discretiva)]]}}
[[Fasciculus:BibliothekSG.jpg|thumb|Bibliotheca [[Monasterium Principale Sancti Galli|Coenobii Sangallensis]] cum permultis pegmatibus]]
'''Pegma''', seu '''pegma librarium''' est [[supellex]], ubi [[Liber|libri]] ponuntur. Secundum auctores, hoc vocabulum significat tum totum [[armarium]], tum unumquodque elementum eius horizontale, directe libros sustinens.&lt;ref&gt;Morgan, David (s.d.) ''[https://www.culturaclasica.com/lingualatina/lexicon_latinum_morgan.pdf Lexicon Latinum]'' [in interreti]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Nihil  venustius,  quam  illa  tua  pegmata&amp;nbsp;» Cicero ad Atticum, lib. IV, epist. 8, vide [[iarchive:bub_gb_gfscVSyT4TAC/page/446/mode/2up|hic]], p. 447.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Categoria:Supellex domestica]]</text>
      <sha1>btbwnq1ltlcar76iwzoowdvzm5nhfiu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979509</id>
      <parentid>3979507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T19:13:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ailamnos</username>
        <id>165281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Additiones variae</comment>
      <origin>3979509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1171" sha1="k2omeasl29fh1hpsag0h2ndnujvgp7c" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|[[Pegma (discretiva)]]}}
[[Fasciculus:BibliothekSG.jpg|thumb|Bibliotheca [[Monasterium Principale Sancti Galli|Coenobii Sangallensis]] cum permultis pegmatibus]]
'''Pegma''', exactius '''pegma librarium''' est [[supellex]], ubi [[Liber|libri]] ponuntur. Secundum auctores, hoc vocabulum significat tum totum [[armarium]], tum unumquodque elementum eius horizontale, directe libros sustinens.&lt;ref&gt;Morgan, David (s.d.) ''[https://www.culturaclasica.com/lingualatina/lexicon_latinum_morgan.pdf Lexicon Latinum]'' [in interreti]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Nihil  venustius,  quam  illa  tua  pegmata&amp;nbsp;» Cicero ad Atticum, lib. IV, epist. 8, vide [[iarchive:bub_gb_gfscVSyT4TAC/page/446/mode/2up|hic]], p. 447.&lt;/ref&gt; Sunt et alia genera pegmatum.&lt;ref&gt;Rich, A. (1849) ''[[iarchive:illustratedcompa00rich/page/484/mode/2up|The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary and Greek lexicon; forming a glossary of all the words representing visible objects connected with the arts, manufactures, and every-day life of the Greeks and Romans, with representations of nearly two thousand objects from the antique.]]'' Londini: Longmans.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Categoria:Supellex domestica]]</text>
      <sha1>k2omeasl29fh1hpsag0h2ndnujvgp7c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Danndorf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327528</id>
    <redirect title="Danthorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979516</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:09:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Danndorf]] ad [[Danthorpum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danthorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Danthorp</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327529</id>
    <redirect title="Danthorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979520</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:17:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danthorpum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danthorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dandorfeum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327530</id>
    <redirect title="Danthorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979521</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:17:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danthorpum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danthorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dandorpheum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327531</id>
    <redirect title="Danthorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979522</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:18:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danthorpum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979522</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danthorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tandorffum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327532</id>
    <redirect title="Danthorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979523</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:19:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danthorpum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danthorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Danthorpe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327533</id>
    <redirect title="Danthorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979525</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:21:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danthorpum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danthorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>6ta59zdkme7lpoy2h6438ct911adisl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dannenberg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327534</id>
    <redirect title="Danneberga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979531</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:43:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dannenberg]] ad [[Danneberga]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979531</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danneberga]]</text>
      <sha1>c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Daneberga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327535</id>
    <redirect title="Danneberga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979537</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:01:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danneberga]]</comment>
      <origin>3979537</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danneberga]]</text>
      <sha1>c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dannenberga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327536</id>
    <redirect title="Danneberga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979541</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:11:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danneberga]]</comment>
      <origin>3979541</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danneberga]]</text>
      <sha1>c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dannenbergum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327537</id>
    <redirect title="Danneberga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979542</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:11:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danneberga]]</comment>
      <origin>3979542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danneberga]]</text>
      <sha1>c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Danorum Mons</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327538</id>
    <redirect title="Danneberga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979543</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:12:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danneberga]]</comment>
      <origin>3979543</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danneberga]]</text>
      <sha1>c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mons Abietum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327539</id>
    <redirect title="Danneberga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979545</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:16:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Danneberga]]</comment>
      <origin>3979545</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Danneberga]]</text>
      <sha1>c5ma0tqp2fl78c2t5sas0v4oudn4kac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saepes contra cuniculos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327540</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979548</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:34:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3979548</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2049" sha1="cgy245lktjzm37yig7tb3fp3p2pt004" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Rabbit proof fence in 2005.jpg|thumb|Saepes contra cuniculos prope ad Lacum Regis (''Lake King'')]]
{{res|Saepes contra cuniculos}}{{Convertimus}} ([[Anglice]] ''Rabbit-Proof Fence''), vel {{res|Saepes nationalis}} ([[Anglice]] ''State Barrriere Fence'') est [[saepes]] longissima per totam [[Australia]]m in provincia [[Australia Occidentalis|Australia Occidentali]] a litore boreali [[Mare Timorense|mare Timorensis]] usque ad litus australe [[Oceanus Australis|Oceani Australis]] (ut haec [[Oceanus Mundi|Oceani Mundi]] pars in Australia nominatur) extenta. Partem continentis occidentalem, quam agricolae maiore cum diligentia colunt, a regionus mediis sicciores [[Oryctolagus cuniculus|cuniculis]] abundantes defendat. Longitudinem 1833 [[chm]] habet. Saepes palos habet interdum ligneos, interdum [[chalybs|chalybeios]], fila metallica tenentes. 

[[Fasciculus:Rabbit proof fence in Western Australia.PNG|thumb|Saepem 1 linea ribra signat, saepem 2 viridis, saepem 3 violacea]]
==Tres saepes==
Sensu stricto prima linea saepium, longior vetustior, hoc nomen habet. Primis annis saecuki XX confecta est. Sed mox cuniculi multi et in parte interiore inventi sunt; tum saepes altera (nunc &quot;saepes 2'') ad occidentem a saepe prima aedificata est, anno 1907, et postea saepe tertia breviore cum litore [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceano Indico]] coniuncta est.

==Cuniculi in Australia==
Cuniculi in Australia a colonis Europaeis introducti erant et magnam calamitatem oecologicam attulerunt, donec post annum 1950 eos [[Virus biologicum|viribus]] ''[[Myxomatosis cuniculorum|Myxomatosis cuniculorum]]'' et postea ''[[Caliciviridae|Caliciviridis]]'' exstirpare temptaverunt, cum effectu dubio.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://www.dpird.wa.gov.au/businesses/pests-weeds-and-diseases/control-methods/state-barrier-fence/ Saepes in situ provinciae Australiae Occidentalis]

[[Categoria:Opera terrestria Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Australia Occidentalis]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 1907]]
[[Categoria:Saepes]]</text>
      <sha1>cgy245lktjzm37yig7tb3fp3p2pt004</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979550</id>
      <parentid>3979548</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:39:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tres saepes */</comment>
      <origin>3979550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2048" sha1="dntezg53wba05u2e1yctq28dbiiqvuw" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Rabbit proof fence in 2005.jpg|thumb|Saepes contra cuniculos prope ad Lacum Regis (''Lake King'')]]
{{res|Saepes contra cuniculos}}{{Convertimus}} ([[Anglice]] ''Rabbit-Proof Fence''), vel {{res|Saepes nationalis}} ([[Anglice]] ''State Barrriere Fence'') est [[saepes]] longissima per totam [[Australia]]m in provincia [[Australia Occidentalis|Australia Occidentali]] a litore boreali [[Mare Timorense|mare Timorensis]] usque ad litus australe [[Oceanus Australis|Oceani Australis]] (ut haec [[Oceanus Mundi|Oceani Mundi]] pars in Australia nominatur) extenta. Partem continentis occidentalem, quam agricolae maiore cum diligentia colunt, a regionus mediis sicciores [[Oryctolagus cuniculus|cuniculis]] abundantes defendat. Longitudinem 1833 [[chm]] habet. Saepes palos habet interdum ligneos, interdum [[chalybs|chalybeios]], fila metallica tenentes. 

[[Fasciculus:Rabbit proof fence in Western Australia.PNG|thumb|Saepem 1 linea ribra signat, saepem 2 viridis, saepem 3 violacea]]
==Tres saepes==
Sensu stricto prima linea saepium, longior vetustior, hoc nomen habet. Primis annis saecuki XX confecta est. Sed mox cuniculi multi et in parte interiore inventi sunt; tum saepes altera (nunc &quot;saepes 2&quot;) ad occidentem a saepe prima aedificata est, anno 1907, et postea saepe tertia breviore cum litore [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceano Indico]] coniuncta est.

==Cuniculi in Australia==
Cuniculi in Australia a colonis Europaeis introducti erant et magnam calamitatem oecologicam attulerunt, donec post annum 1950 eos [[Virus biologicum|viribus]] ''[[Myxomatosis cuniculorum|Myxomatosis cuniculorum]]'' et postea ''[[Caliciviridae|Caliciviridis]]'' exstirpare temptaverunt, cum effectu dubio.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://www.dpird.wa.gov.au/businesses/pests-weeds-and-diseases/control-methods/state-barrier-fence/ Saepes in situ provinciae Australiae Occidentalis]

[[Categoria:Opera terrestria Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Australia Occidentalis]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 1907]]
[[Categoria:Saepes]]</text>
      <sha1>dntezg53wba05u2e1yctq28dbiiqvuw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979639</id>
      <parentid>3979550</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:47:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979639</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2050" sha1="4at46y6vu223esognjcoi0o6i46k479" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Rabbit proof fence in 2005.jpg|thumb|Saepes contra cuniculos prope ad Lacum Regis (''Lake King'')]]
{{res|Saepes contra cuniculos}}{{Convertimus}} ([[Anglice]] ''Rabbit-Proof Fence''), vel {{res|Saepes nationalis}} ([[Anglice]] ''State Barrriere Fence'') est [[saepes]] longissima per totam [[Australia]]m in provincia [[Australia Occidentalis|Australia Occidentali]] a litore boreali [[Mare Timorense|mare Timorensis]] usque ad litus australe [[Oceanus Australis|Oceani Australis]] (ut haec [[Oceanus Mundi|Oceani Mundi]] pars in Australia nominatur) extenta. Partem continentis occidentalem, quam agricolae maiore cum diligentia colunt, a regionibus mediis sicciores [[Oryctolagus cuniculus|cuniculis]] abundantes defendat. Longitudinem 1833 [[chm]] habet. Saepes palos habet interdum ligneos, interdum [[chalybs|chalybeios]], fila metallica tenentes. 

[[Fasciculus:Rabbit proof fence in Western Australia.PNG|thumb|Saepem 1 linea ribra signat, saepem 2 viridis, saepem 3 violacea]]
==Tres saepes==
Sensu stricto prima linea saepium, longior vetustior, hoc nomen habet. Primis annis saecuki XX confecta est. Sed mox cuniculi multi et in parte interiore inventi sunt; tum saepes altera (nunc &quot;saepes 2&quot;) ad occidentem a saepe prima aedificata est, anno 1907, et postea saepe tertia breviore cum litore [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceano Indico]] coniuncta est.

==Cuniculi in Australia==
Cuniculi in Australia a colonis Europaeis introducti erant et magnam calamitatem oecologicam attulerunt, donec post annum 1950 eos [[Virus biologicum|viribus]] ''[[Myxomatosis cuniculorum|Myxomatosis cuniculorum]]'' et postea ''[[Caliciviridae|Caliciviridis]]'' exstirpare temptaverunt, cum effectu dubio.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://www.dpird.wa.gov.au/businesses/pests-weeds-and-diseases/control-methods/state-barrier-fence/ Saepes in situ provinciae Australiae Occidentalis]

[[Categoria:Opera terrestria Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Australia Occidentalis]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 1907]]
[[Categoria:Saepes]]</text>
      <sha1>4at46y6vu223esognjcoi0o6i46k479</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979640</id>
      <parentid>3979639</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:53:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3979640</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2050" sha1="spqfbv2j641j392u1dxhqt1ewdu7qxb" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Rabbit proof fence in 2005.jpg|thumb|Saepes contra cuniculos prope ad Lacum Regis (''Lake King'')]]
{{res|Saepes contra cuniculos}}{{Convertimus}} ([[Anglice]] ''Rabbit-Proof Fence''), vel {{res|Saepes nationalis}} ([[Anglice]] ''State Barrriere Fence'') est [[saepes]] longissima per totam [[Australia]]m in provincia [[Australia Occidentalis|Australia Occidentali]] a litore boreali [[Mare Timorense|mare Timorensis]] usque ad litus australe [[Oceanus Australis|Oceani Australis]] (ut haec [[Oceanus Mundi|Oceani Mundi]] pars in Australia nominatur) extenta. Partem continentis occidentalem, quam agricolae maiore cum diligentia colunt, a regionibus mediis sicciores [[Oryctolagus cuniculus|cuniculis]] abundantes defendat. Longitudinem 1833 [[chm]] habet. Saepes palos habet interdum ligneos, interdum [[chalybs|chalybeios]], fila metallica tenentes. 

[[Fasciculus:Rabbit proof fence in Western Australia.PNG|thumb|Saepem 1 linea rubra signat, saepem 2 viridis, saepem 3 violacea]]
==Tres saepes==
Sensu stricto prima linea saepium, longior vetustior, hoc nomen habet. Primis annis saecuki XX confecta est. Sed mox cuniculi multi et in parte interiore inventi sunt; tum saepes altera (nunc &quot;saepes 2&quot;) ad occidentem a saepe prima aedificata est, anno 1907, et postea saepe tertia breviore cum litore [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceano Indico]] coniuncta est.

==Cuniculi in Australia==
Cuniculi in Australia a colonis Europaeis introducti erant et magnam calamitatem oecologicam attulerunt, donec post annum 1950 eos [[Virus biologicum|viribus]] ''[[Myxomatosis cuniculorum|Myxomatosis cuniculorum]]'' et postea ''[[Caliciviridae|Caliciviridis]]'' exstirpare temptaverunt, cum effectu dubio.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://www.dpird.wa.gov.au/businesses/pests-weeds-and-diseases/control-methods/state-barrier-fence/ Saepes in situ provinciae Australiae Occidentalis]

[[Categoria:Opera terrestria Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Australia Occidentalis]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 1907]]
[[Categoria:Saepes]]</text>
      <sha1>spqfbv2j641j392u1dxhqt1ewdu7qxb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dassel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327541</id>
    <redirect title="Dassela" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979575</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T22:17:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dassel]] ad [[Dassela]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979575</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="g7y58vvb21g0b3yepfzxjugg0finnk6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dassela]]</text>
      <sha1>g7y58vvb21g0b3yepfzxjugg0finnk6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dassila</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327542</id>
    <redirect title="Dassela" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979579</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T22:26:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Dassela]]</comment>
      <origin>3979579</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="g7y58vvb21g0b3yepfzxjugg0finnk6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dassela]]</text>
      <sha1>g7y58vvb21g0b3yepfzxjugg0finnk6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Villa Dassila</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327543</id>
    <redirect title="Dassela" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979580</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T22:26:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Dassela]]</comment>
      <origin>3979580</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="g7y58vvb21g0b3yepfzxjugg0finnk6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dassela]]</text>
      <sha1>g7y58vvb21g0b3yepfzxjugg0finnk6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iacobus Sartorius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327544</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979594</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:35:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3979594</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="683" sha1="rkmic5np9lmvvfu7nq57o0pfcucnmcr" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Rodolphus Iacobus Sartorius}} (natus [[Tulsa]]e die [[2 Octobris]] [[2002]] est celebritas interretialis et [[cantor]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. Apud [[Vine]] circa annos [[2016]] et 2017 popularis erat.

== Discographia ==
* [[2017]]: ''Left Me Hangin'''
* [[2018]]: ''Better With You''
* [[2019]]: ''Where Have You Been?''
* [[2021]]: ''Lost but Found''
* [[2022]]: ''Sleep When I'm Dead''

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Jacob Sartorius|Iacobum Sartorium}}
* {{IMDb|8170426|Iacobo Sartorio}}
* [http://jacobsartorius.com/ Situs interretialis]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|2002||Sartorius, Iacobus}}
[[Categoria:Cantores Civitatum Foederatarum]]</text>
      <sha1>rkmic5np9lmvvfu7nq57o0pfcucnmcr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979597</id>
      <parentid>3979594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:36:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3979597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="684" sha1="48x23ly53zarnx4xcy1r88z6jgydwlk" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Rodolphus Iacobus Sartorius}} (natus [[Tulsa]]e die [[2 Octobris]] [[2002]]) est celebritas interretialis et [[cantor]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. Apud [[Vine]] circa annos [[2016]] et 2017 popularis erat.

== Discographia ==
* [[2017]]: ''Left Me Hangin'''
* [[2018]]: ''Better With You''
* [[2019]]: ''Where Have You Been?''
* [[2021]]: ''Lost but Found''
* [[2022]]: ''Sleep When I'm Dead''

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Jacob Sartorius|Iacobum Sartorium}}
* {{IMDb|8170426|Iacobo Sartorio}}
* [http://jacobsartorius.com/ Situs interretialis]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|2002||Sartorius, Iacobus}}
[[Categoria:Cantores Civitatum Foederatarum]]</text>
      <sha1>48x23ly53zarnx4xcy1r88z6jgydwlk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dedelstorf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327545</id>
    <redirect title="Theodolfestorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979596</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:35:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Dedelstorf]] ad [[Theodolfestorpum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3979596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="1zm9k7bz1s4oz7fpy1gx0c2zf4x1fmd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Theodolfestorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>1zm9k7bz1s4oz7fpy1gx0c2zf4x1fmd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dedelstorpum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327546</id>
    <redirect title="Theodolfestorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979602</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:42:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Theodolfestorpum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979602</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="1zm9k7bz1s4oz7fpy1gx0c2zf4x1fmd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Theodolfestorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>1zm9k7bz1s4oz7fpy1gx0c2zf4x1fmd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dedelstorfium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327547</id>
    <redirect title="Theodolfestorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979603</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:43:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Theodolfestorpum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979603</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="1zm9k7bz1s4oz7fpy1gx0c2zf4x1fmd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Theodolfestorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>1zm9k7bz1s4oz7fpy1gx0c2zf4x1fmd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Detlevestorpe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327548</id>
    <redirect title="Theodolfestorpum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3979606</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:44:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Theodolfestorpum]]</comment>
      <origin>3979606</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="1zm9k7bz1s4oz7fpy1gx0c2zf4x1fmd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Theodolfestorpum]]</text>
      <sha1>1zm9k7bz1s4oz7fpy1gx0c2zf4x1fmd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979617</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:42:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '[[Fasciculus:20260730 JGSDF Officers in AEON Mall Kumamoto after Earthquake.jpg|thumb|Visio ruinae AEON Mall Kumamoto anno 2026]] [[Fasciculus:M 6.8 - 5 km E of Uto, Japan.png|thumb|Carta geographica de terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026]] '''Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026''' est [[terrae motus]] quod die [[28 Iulii]] [[2026]] in [[index praefecturarum Iaponiae|praefectura]] Kumamoto [[Ximum|Ximi]] [[Iaponia]]e parit, [[scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 7.1.&lt;ref&gt;Ra...'</comment>
      <origin>3979617</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1439" sha1="iuu1eto04uza99w6g60ptfqp6xwstf8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:20260730 JGSDF Officers in AEON Mall Kumamoto after Earthquake.jpg|thumb|Visio ruinae AEON Mall Kumamoto anno 2026]]
[[Fasciculus:M 6.8 - 5 km E of Uto, Japan.png|thumb|Carta geographica de terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026]]
'''Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026''' est [[terrae motus]] quod die [[28 Iulii]] [[2026]] in [[index praefecturarum Iaponiae|praefectura]] Kumamoto [[Ximum|Ximi]] [[Iaponia]]e parit, [[scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 7.1.&lt;ref&gt;Ratione mensura Iaponiae, et ratione 6.8 mensura internationali&lt;/ref&gt; Dum terrae motus fit, aedificium [[commercium|commercii]] AEON Mall destructum est ex explosione [[gasium naturale|gasii]],&lt;ref&gt;Causa destructionis [[infrastructura]]e et absentiae medii artis [[fuga]]ndi.&lt;/ref&gt; quod plus quam decem [[opifex|opifeces]] necati sunt.

Adhuc die 4 Augusti 2026, 38 homines in Kumamoto necatu sunt, plus quam 8200 homines in refugio [[domo carens|domo caremte]], plus quam 12270 homines [[vulnus|vulnum]] subiecti sunt et circa 45282 familiae [[aqua]]m non uteri possunt e destructione [[aquae ductus]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20260804_09/ Kumamoto Praefecture marks one week since M 7.1 earthquake]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2016]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|2026 Kumsmoto earthquake|Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026}}

[[Categoria:Historia Iaponiae]]
[[Categoria:Terrae motus]]
[[Categoria:2026]]</text>
      <sha1>iuu1eto04uza99w6g60ptfqp6xwstf8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3979619</id>
      <parentid>3979617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:55:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>corrigendum et additamenta</comment>
      <origin>3979619</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1690" sha1="t91zh5xjbq24z8gx9b2nmd0k8a86riz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:20260730 JGSDF Officers in AEON Mall Kumamoto after Earthquake.jpg|thumb|Visio ruinae AEON Mall Kumamoto anno 2026]]
[[Fasciculus:M 6.8 - 5 km E of Uto, Japan.png|thumb|Carta geographica de terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026]]
'''Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026''' est [[terrae motus]] quod die [[28 Iulii]] [[2026]] in [[index praefecturarum Iaponiae|praefectura]] Kumamoto [[Ximum|Ximi]] [[Iaponia]]e parit, [[scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 7.1.&lt;ref&gt;Ratione mensura Iaponiae, et ratione 6.8 mensura internationali&lt;/ref&gt; Ordo [[meteorologia]]e Iaponiae hic Terrae Motum &quot;Reiwa 8-nen Kumamoto-jishin&quot; (Iaponice:令和8年熊本地震) publice nominavit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mainichi.jp/articles/20260728/k00/00m040/333000c 「令和8年熊本地震」と命名　気象庁]&lt;/ref&gt; Dum terrae motus fit, aedificium [[commercium|commercii]] AEON Mall destructum est ex explosione [[gasium naturale|gasii]],&lt;ref&gt;Causa destructionis [[infrastructura]]e et absentiae medii artis [[fuga]]ndi.&lt;/ref&gt; quod plus quam decem [[opifex|opifeces]] necati sunt.

Adhuc die 4 Augusti 2026, 38 homines in Kumamoto necatu sunt, plus quam 8200 homines in refugio [[domo carens|domo caremte]], plus quam 12270 homines [[vulnus|vulnum]] subiecti sunt et circa 45282 familiae [[aqua]]m non uteri possunt e destructione [[aquae ductus]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20260804_09/ Kumamoto Praefecture marks one week since M 7.1 earthquake]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2016]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|2026 Kumamoto earthquake|Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026}}

[[Categoria:Historia Iaponiae]]
[[Categoria:Terrae motus]]
[[Categoria:2026]]</text>
      <sha1>t91zh5xjbq24z8gx9b2nmd0k8a86riz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MrBeast</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327550</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3979626</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:31:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3979626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="773" sha1="t1hnb05rpoeg9ym7jpnpg944ozcsojf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:VidCon 2022 Anaheim California YouTube Shorts TikTok Mr. Beast.jpg|thumb|left|Machina gumballorum MrBeast]]
{{res|Iacobus Stephanus Donaldson}} (vulgo ''Jimmy''; natus [[Wichita]]e die [[7 Maii]] [[1998]]), {{res|MrBeast}} ('Dominus Bestia') tantum se appellans, est celebritas interretialis, [[negotiator]], et [[histrio|actor]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. Anno [[2012]] in [[YouTube]] videos ponere coepit, et hodie ibi est popularissimus.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat}}
* {{IMDb|10055663|Iacobo Donaldson}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/@MrBeast MrBeast] apud [[YouTube]]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|1998||MrBeast}}
[[Categoria:Cultura interretialis]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Carolinae Septentrionalis]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Kansiae]]</text>
      <sha1>t1hnb05rpoeg9ym7jpnpg944ozcsojf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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