Elizabetha I (regina Angliae)

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      <comment>de Ecclesia Annglica et Philippo II, rege Hispaniae</comment>
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'''Elizabetha I'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nos Elizabetha Dei gratia Regina Angliae ...&quot; {{Google Books|SGZdAAAAcAAJ|f. 457v}}; eisdem verbis, eadem orthographia {{Google Books|j7N2853uJjQC|p. 507}}; &quot;Elisabetha D. G. Angliae ... Regina&quot; in [[:Fasciculus:Elisabeth I England MATEO.jpg|imagine nostra]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;I&quot; vel &quot;huius nominis prima&quot; fortasse non ante accessionem [[Elizabetha II|Elizabethae II]] medio saeculo XX nominata est?&lt;/ref&gt; familiae [[Tudor (familia)|Tudor]] (nata [[Grenovicum|Grenovici]] [[7 Septembris]] [[1533]]; mortua in [[Surria]] [[24 Martii]] [[1603]]), '''Regina virgo''' nuncupata&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Obiit Regina virgo 1603. postquam annos quinquaginta quinque imperasset&quot;: Ioachim Hagemeierus, 1678 {{Google Books|ogdyszsqCG4C|p. 20}}. NB: eadem locutio Latina alibi de [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Maria]] Iesu matre dicitur&lt;/ref&gt; ([[lingua Anglica|Anglice]] ''the Virgin Queen''), regina fuit [[Anglia]]e et [[Hibernia]]e.

== Vita ==
=== Adolescentia et quaestio hereditatis ===
Elizabetha I nata est in [[Palatium Placentiae|Palatio Placentiae]] [[Grenovicum|Grenovici]], filia natu minima [[Henricus VIII (rex Anglicus)|Henrici VIII]] ([[1491]]–[[1547]]) et [[Anna Bolina|Annae Bolinae]] ([[1507]]–[[1536]]) [[uxor]]is eius secundae. Quam cum repudiavisset maiestatis laesae damnatam, Elizabetha regno exheredata est. Modo [[1543]] heres throni iterum facta est decreto regnantium minorum.

Filio [[Eduardus VI (rex Anglicus)|Eduardo VI]] [[1537]]–[[1553]]) paucis post annis demortuo, [[soror]] dimidia Elizabetha [[Maria I]] ([[1516]]–[[1558]]) [[rex|regina]] facta est. Quia haec maxime [[religio]]ni [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] favit, Elizabethae faventi religioni Ecclesiae Anglicae ad suum fidem persuadere voluit.

Elizabetha, cum favere religioni Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae imitaretur, tamen semper adhaerebat [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Ecclesiae Anglicae]]. Maria rebus gestis non falsa Elisabetham in custodiam tradi iussit. Ibi verisimiliter amor{{dubsig}} vitae novit, [[Robertus Dudleius, I comes Leicestriae|Robertum Dudleium]], postea Comes [[Leicestria]]e.

Paulo post Maria Philippo II de Hispania ([[1527]]–[[1598]]) nupsit. Infans utriusque [[Anglia]]m ad [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] reduxisset. Sed Maria die [[17 Novembris]] [[1558]] sine infantibus mortua est, tunc Elisabetha die [[15 Ianuarii]] [[1559]] Londinii [[coronatio|coronata]] est.

=== Primi anni reginae ===
Tempore illo res in Anglia fuerunt periculosae. Positio frugalitatis pessima fuit, Anglia bellum gessit contra Franciam et divisa quaestionibus fidei est. Elizabetha primo religionem Ecclesiae Catholicae, cui soror sua faverat, religione [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Ecclesiae Anglicae]] substituit. [[1563]] [[triginta novem articuli]] Anglicani moderate decreti sunt. Quo facto Elizabetha Angliam ab Ecclesia Catholica tandem diviserat. Cuius disceptationis causa Elizabetha a [[Pius V|Papa Pio V]] ([[1504]]–[[1572]]) anno [[1570]]  [[bulla apostolica|bulla]] [[Regnans in Excelsis]] sacris interdicta est. 

[[Fasciculus:Elisabeth I England MATEO.jpg|thumb|Elisabetha I.]]

Bello contra Franciam die [[3 Aprilis]] [[1559]] pace [[Castrum Cameracense|Cameracesii Castelli]] finito positio frugalitatis Anglicae emendari potuit. Simul [[Iunius|Iunio]] [[1560]] inimica Elizabethae, [[Maria Guisae]] Scotia hydropis causa mortua est Scotiaque foedus cum Francia adhuc habitum deseruit. Cum [[Calisium]] expugnare non potuisset, Elizabetha decrevit se non fautura esse bellis talibus sumptuosis et [[1564]] praemio accepto postulationes Angliae Calisii finivit. 

In pace Anglia tandem aera aliena renumerare potuit. Elizabethae [[avus]] [[Henricus VII (rex Anglicus)|Henricus VII]] ([[1457]]–[[1509]]) [[navigatio]]nis Angliae mercatorum conditionem fecerat, reginae [[pater]] [[Henricus VIII]] navigationem bellandam Angliae, cum iussu suo naves Anglicae armatae essent armis tela longe mittentibus. Praefectus aerarii navigationis Elizabetha Dominus [[Ioannes Hawkinus]] ([[1532]]-[[1595]]) navigationem plus emendare potuit. Anglia facta est potentia [[mare|maritima]]; e.g. expulit foedus Hanseanum orientale ex [[Europa]].&lt;!--?--&gt;

Die [[19 Maii]] [[1568]] Elizabetha reginam Scotiae pristinam [[Maria Stuarta|Mariam Stuartam]] ([[1542]]–[[1587]]) in custodiam tradidit. Maria Stuarta Ecclesiae favit Catholicae praetereaque plena erat ambitionum throni Angliae. Maria capta, Ecclesia Calvinistica Scotiae ecclesia facta est, et anno [[1587]] Maria &quot;Coniurationis Babingtonis&quot; causa carnificata est. 

Annis sequentibus, divitiae Angliae augebantur, praeter navigationem mercatorum etiam negotio furtivo atque raptis magistri navis Anglici [[Franciscus Drakus|Francisci Draki]] ([[1540]]–[[1595]]). Dracus unus ex plurimum pugnantibus belli contra [[Hispania]]m publice numquam coepti fuit. Anno [[1572]] apud [[Panama]]m expugnavit portationem argenti Hispaniae praeter argentum etiam multum auri continentem. Praedae parte adfecti sunt domus regis Angliae nobilesque pauci.

=== Classis magna ===
Acquisita Mariae Stuartae causa [[Philippus II (rex Hispaniae)|Philippus II]], Hispaniae rex, bellum contra Angliam amplius auxit. Principio [[Aprilis]] [[1588]], classem Hispaniae (in universum 130 naves) ad invasionem Angliae misit. Philippus imprimis Angliam raptus in Oceano Atlantico finituram esse voluit; praeterea Angliam incolas Bataviae Hispanicae Ecclesiae Protestanticae adiuvare noluit. Sed classis Angliae ducibus [[Franciscus Drakus|Francisco Drako]] atque Domino Huardo de Effinghame Hispaniae classem in [[Oceanus Britannicus|Britannico Oceano]] intercipere potuit. Hispaniae classis fuit prope oppidum Gallicum Calisium ancoris eiectis, nam duci classis, Duci Medinae Sidoniae, exercitus [[Alexander Farnesius (dux Parmae et Placentiae)|Ducis Parmae]], unius ex Philippi optimis imperatoribus, fuit tute comitandus per Oceanum Britannicum Angliam.

Iussu [[Franciscus Drakus|Draki]] pauci naves ardentes navigati sunt ad directionem Hispaniae classis. Hispaniis ancorae inferendae fuerunt, ut effugerent naves ardentes, itaque defensores Anglici nunc pugnare contra Hispanios potuerunt. Anglici, quod eorum naves fuerunt leviores et celeriores Hispanicis, classi Hispaniae magis obesse potuerunt quam Hispanici Angliae classi. Sic nominatum proelium maris Gravelinis in universum finitum est iniudicatum. Hispanici, quod ancoras intulerant Ducemque Parmae itaque comitari non potuerunt, Medina Sidonia iuxta litora Scotiarum navigare decrevit, ut illa via venirent Hispaniam Lusitaniamque. Sed via Hispaniae classis venit in tempestatem magnam 60 paene naves aut demittentem aut in litora Hiberniae appellentem. Interim etiam multi milites Angliae mortui sunt.

=== Anni seri reginae ===
Cum classis Hispaniae clade maiore affecta esset, tamen proelium decretorium non fuit, quod Hispanici naves pensissimas, fundamenta regni Hispanici in America, conservaverant. Classis magna Angliae itaque [[1589]] Hispaniam Lusitaniamque navigavit ad naves ceteras Hispaniae demittendas, Philippum e Lusitania expellendum et classem Hispaniae argentum continentem intercipiendam. Haec Angliae classis ducibus [[Franciscus Drakus|Drako]] atque Domino Ioanne Norri sine effectu fuit, milia militum mortui sunt morbis gravibus. Itaque temptatio Anglica invasionis admodum fuit sine effectu Philippusque classem Hispaniae iterum auxit. Qua de causa Hispaniae classis nunc multo fortior fuit quam fuerat anno [[1588]] ter argenti portationes faciens Angliae classem multis proeliis aliis vincens.

Anno [[1595]] et Drakus et Hawkinus mortui sunt. Anno eodem Hispanici duce Domino Carolo de Amesquita efficaciter pedem posuerunt in Angliam occidam prope Pencancem multaque oppida Anglica usserunt.

Belli illius causa Elisabetha colonias novas Angliae in septemtrionali America condere non potuit. Angliae exspectandus Iacobus I ([[1566]]–[[1625]]) rex finiens bellum contra Hispaniam contracto Londinii anno [[1604]] et condens [[1607]] coloniam primam prope Iacobi Oppidum ([[lingua Anglica|Anglice]] Jamestown) fuit.

[[1593]] Hibernia Hugh O'Neill pugnam coepit sanguineam contra Anglicos. Bellum tum incipiens crudelissimum, maxime sumptuosum et Angliae plenum amissionum maximarum, itaque auctoritas Elizabetha apud incolas valde est minuta. Bellum etiam origo fuit aeris alieni novi Angliae. Sic Elizabetha vendendae fuerunt multae possessiones regis. 

Etiam memoranda est coniuratio Essexae reginam senem valde offendens finitaque [[1601]] carnificato Duce. Bellum Hiberniae [[1603]] potuit finiri, eodem quoque anno in [[Palatium Richmondiae|Palatio Richmondiae]] in [[Surria]] regina mortua est. Successor Elizabethae factus est [[Iacobus I (rex Anglicus)|Iacobus VI]], rex Scotiae, Mariae Stuartae filius.

===Meditationes seriores===
Cum contra [[Hispania]]m [[Hibernia]]mque bellaret et positio frugalitatis Anglicae esset non bona, Elizabetha tamen origo fuit annorum efficacum Angliae. Ea quadraginta quattuor annos regente Anglia natio facta est fortior et, cum classis Hispaniae usque ad [[1650]] maneret classis fortissima, tamen classis Angliae seri saeculi decimi et sexti fuit origo seriorum Angliae nautarum fortissimorum. 

Elizabetha, etiam [[musica]]m et artem amantem, [[litterae|litteras]] adiuvit. Tempus [[Gulielmus Shakespeare|Shakespearis]], theatri civilis atque [[Franciscus Bacon|Francisci Baconis]]; cives Angliae industrie divitiis affecti sunt [[mercatura]] artificioque postulationes suas pertinentes ad et rationem rei publicae gerendae et cultum perficientes. Praeterea Elizabetha ecclesiam suam ab auctoritate Romana solvere et sic lubricusum pertinentem ad religionem finire potuit.

Consultores politici imprimis erant Gulielmus Cecilius de Burghley filiusque eius Robertus, Francus Walsingham; annis seris comes Essexiae auctoritatem magnam possessit.

Traditur regina non ducta in matrimonium habuisse plures amantes, inter quos [[Robertus Dudleius, I comes Leicestriae|Dudleius]] Comes Leicestriae; Franciscus Hercules Dux [[Alenconium|Alenconii]]; [[Robertus Devereux]] Comes Essexiae; Dominus [[Christophorus Hatton]]; [[Thomas Heneagis]]; [[Eduardus de Vere]] Comes Oxoniae; Dominus [[Gulielmus Pickering]]; Dominus [[Gualtherus Ralegh]]. Sed ipsa adfirmavit se sepulturam esse virginem et amantem unicum suum esse Angliam. Sic reminiscitur nomine &quot;Virgin Queen&quot;, virgo regina.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Chamberlain, F., ed. [[1923]]. ''The Sayings of Queen Elizabeth.'' Urbe Novo Eboraco.
* Hackett, Helen. 1995. ''Virgin Mother, Maiden Queen: Elizabeth I and the cult of the Virgin Mary''. Londinii: Macmillan
* Harrison, G. B. ed. [[1938]]. ''Die Briefe der Königin Elisabeth I. von England.'' Vindobonae.
* Black, J. B. [[1959]]. ''The Reign of Elizabeth.'' Ed. 2a. Oxoniae.
* Collinson, P. [[1967]]. ''The Elizabethan Puritan Movement.'' Londinii.
* Lottes, G. [[1981]]. ''Elisabeth I: Eine politische Biographie.'' Gottingae.

; Numismatica
* D. G. Borden, J. G. Brown, &quot;[https://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1983_BNJ_53_9.pdf The Milled Coinage of Elizabeth I]&quot; in ''British Numismatic Journal'' vol. 53 (1983) pp. 108-132 (de opere [[Eloy Mestrelle]])
* I. D. Brown, C. H. Comber, &quot;[https://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1988_BNJ_58_9.pdf Portrait Punches Used on the Hammered Coinage of Queen Elizabeth I]&quot; in ''British Numismatic Journal'' vol. 58 (1988) pp. 90-95
* I. D. Brown, C. H. Comber, &quot;[https://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1989_BNJ_59_9.pdf Notes on the Gold Coinage of Elizabeth I]&quot; in ''British Numismatic Journal'' vol. 59 (1989) pp. 91-119

{{NexInt}}
*[[Domus reginae]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Elizabeth I of England|Elizabetham I}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [http://www.felsted.essex.sch.uk/~jms/history/tudor2/elizab/for1.htm Ratio rei publicae gerendae prima Elisabethae (Anglice.)]{{Nexus deficit|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=Foreign%20policy%20under%20Queen%20Elizabeth%20I Ratio rei publicae gerendeae Elisabethae (Anglice)]
* [http://www.elizabethi.org Res multae fortasse sciendae de Elisabetha I (Anglice)]
* [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/camden/ , ''Annales Rerum Gestarum Angliae et Hiberniae Regnante Elizabetha''] a [[Gulielmus Camden|Gulielmo Camden]] scripti {{Ling|Anglice|Latine}}

{{Reges Angliae 1066–1707}}

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[[Categoria:Elisabetha I (regina Angliae)|!]]
[[Categoria:Henricus VIII]]
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[[Categoria:Reges Reginaeque Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Tudor (familia)]]

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    <title>Tempus</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Montinari_Milano.jpg|thumb|[[Horologium armillare]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Wooden hourglass 3.jpg|thumb|Fluxus [[harena]]e in [[Clepsydra (horologium)|clepsydra]] adhiberi potest ad metiendum tempus intercessum.]]
'''Tempus''' {{victio|tempus|oris|n}} nuncupatur et eventuum durationum [[mensura]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/time |title=MacMillan Dictionary |year=2010 |quote=''the quantity that you measure using a clock'' ([[Latine]] &quot;quantitas quam horologio metiris&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; et [[continuum (theoria)|continuum]] abstractum in quo ipsi eventus accidunt, quod tribus partibus temporum [[praeteritum|praeteriti]], [[tempus praesens|praesentis]], et [[tempus futurum|futuri]] successione rationali ordinatis constat.&lt;ref&gt;Seneca, ''ep.'' 124.7. Nota [[Seneca]]m futurum appellavisse venturum.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/time |title=The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language |edition=4th |year=2010 |quote=
1a. A nonspatial continuum in which events occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. 1b. An interval separating two points on this continuum; a duration: a long time since the last war; passed the time reading. 1c. A number, as of years, days, or minutes, representing such an interval: ran the course in a time just under four minutes. 1d. A similar number representing a specific point on this continuum, reckoned in hours and minutes: checked her watch and recorded the time, 6:17 A.M. 1e. A system by which such intervals are measured or such numbers are reckoned: solar time. . . . 11. The rate of speed of a measured activity: marching in double time.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Physici quidem strictiore sensu tempus definiunt sicut [[quantitas|quantitatem]] unius [[dimensio (mensura)|dimensionis]]&lt;ref name=quantity&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/time/ |title=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2010 |quote=Time is what clocks measure. We use time to place events in sequence one after the other, and we use time to compare how long events last. . . . Among philosophers of physics, the most popular short answer to the question &quot;What is physical time?&quot; is that it is not a substance or object but rather a special system of relations among instantaneous events. This working definition is offered by Adolf Grünbaum who applies the contemporary mathematical theory of continuity to physical processes, and he says time is a linear continuum of instants and is a distinguished one-dimensional sub-space of four-dimensional spacetime.}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/time |title=Collins English Dictionary |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2003 |quote=2. (Physics) a quantity measuring duration, usually with reference to a periodic process such as the rotation of the earth or the vibration of electromagnetic radiation emitted from certain atoms. . . . In classical mechanics, time is absolute in the sense that the time of an event is independent of the observer. According to the theory of relativity it depends on the observer's frame of reference. Time is considered as a fourth coordinate required, along with three spatial coordinates, to specify an event. See space-time continuum.}}
* {{cite web |url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Time.html |title=Eric Weisstein's World of Science |year=2007 |quote=A quantity used to specify the order in which events occurred and measure the amount by which one even preceded or followed another. In special relativity, ct (where c is the speed of light and t is time), plays the role of a fourth dimension.}}
* {{cite web |url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Glossary/Glossary_T.html |title=Glossary for Extragalactic Astronomy |year=2005 |quote=A dimension distinguishing past, present, and future. In relativity, time is portrayed as a geometrical dimension, analogous to the dimensions of space. |publisher=CalTech}}
&lt;/ref&gt; adhibita ad eventus in seriem definitam ordinandos, ut [[spatium|durationes]] eventuum eorumque [[spatium|intervalla]] [[quantificatio|enumerentur]], et ut enumerentur scianturque [[motus (physica)|motus]] [[corpus physicum|rerum]] aliarumque mutationum.&lt;ref name=DicDefs&gt; {{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/time |title=Merriam Webster Online Dictionary |year=2010 |quote=1a: the measured or measurable period during which an action, process, or condition exists or continues: duration; 1b: a nonspatial continuum that is measured in terms of events which succeed one another from past through present to future; 2: the point or period when something occurs : occasion}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861720331 |title=Encarta Online Dictionary |year=2010 |quote=1. system of distinguishing events: a dimension that enables two identical events occurring at the same point in space to be distinguished, measured by the interval between the events.}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/time |title=Webster's New World College Dictionary |year=2010 |quote=1.indefinite, unlimited duration in which things are considered as happening in the past, present, or future; every moment there has ever been or ever will be . . . a system of measuring duration 2.the period between two events or during which something exists, happens, or acts; measured or measurable interval}}
* {{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/time?r=66 |title=Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on Random House Dictionary |year=2010 |quote=1. the system of those sequential relations that any event has to any other, as past, present, or future; indefinite and continuous duration regarded as that in which events succeed one another. . . . 3. ( sometimes initial capital letter ) a system or method of measuring or reckoning the passage of time: mean time; apparent time; Greenwich Time. 4. a limited period or interval, as between two successive events: a long time. . . . 14. a particular or definite point in time, as indicated by a clock: What time is it? . . . 18. an indefinite, frequently prolonged period or duration in the future: Time will tell if what we have done here today was right.}}
* {{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/time?r=66 |title=The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary @dictionary.com |year=2002 |quote=A duration or relation of events expressed in terms of past, present, and future, and measured in units such as minutes, hours, days, months, or years.}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.collinslanguage.com/results.aspx?context=3&amp;reversed=False&amp;action=define&amp;homonym=-1&amp;text=time |title=Collins Language.com |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2010 |quote=1. the past, present, and future regarded as a continuous whole. . . .  2. (Physics) a quantity measuring duration, measured with reference to the rotation of the earth or from the vibrations of certain atoms}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/596034/time |title=Britannica Concise Encyclopedia |year=2010 |quote=Measured or measurable period. More broadly, it is a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions.}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Temporis mensurae unitas in [[Systema Internationalis|Systemate Internationali]] (seu S.I.) definita [[secundum]] est littera ''s'' [[abbreviatio|abbreviatum]].

Tempus antiquitus intellegitur dimensio esse in qua eventa ordinantur, ut quodam modo futura a praeteritis discernantur. Quia autem [[physica]]e [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]] exactam temporis definitionem requirit, temporis definitio novis theoriis excogitatis mutata est. Cum vulgus [[horologium]] parvum satis habet ad temporis mensuram, physici atomicis horologiis saepe utuntur, non solum quia atomica horologia optima sunt, sed etiam quia tempus [[atomus|atomicis]] transitionibus definitur. &lt;!--Hoc modo tempus mensi sunt physici similibus praeceptis in laboratoribus per totum orbem terrarum dispersis. = ??? --&gt; 

Tempus saepe indicatur per ''s'' ([[secundum|secunda]]), ''min'' ([[minutum|minuta]]), ''h'' ([[hora]]s), ''d'' ([[dies]]), ''a'' ([[annus|annos]]).

== Historia ==
Constat [[philosophus|philosophos]] Graecos de temporis natura valde cogitasse. [[Paradoxum Zenonis]] est praeclarissimum exemplum quod tempus semper exspectationem hominum movit.

[[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtoni]] aevo, [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] tempus nondum accurate definiebat, sicut in scholio primo libri a Newtono scripti ''[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Newton&quot;&gt;Isaacus Newtonus, ''Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica'', editio prima, 1687&lt;/ref&gt; (pg. 5 editionis primae, [[1687]]) legitur:
:Nam tempus, spatium, locum et motum ut omnibus notissima non definio.
Nihilominus in sententiis quae secutae sunt has observationes facit:
:Dicam tamen quod vulgus quantitates hasce non aliter quam ex relatione ad sensibilia concipit. Et inde oriuntur praejudicia quaedam, quibus tollendis convenit easdem in absolutas &amp; relativas, veras &amp; apparentes, Mathematicas et vulgares distingui.
Tunc, praeclarissima sequitur sententia '''tempus''' statuens '''absolutum''', quae anno [[1905]] ab [[Albertus Einstein|Einstein]] abrogata est:
: {{tpe|I}} Tempus absolutum verum &amp; Mathematicum, in se &amp; natura sua absq; relatione ad externum quodvis, aequabiliter fluit, alioq; nomine dicitur Duratio; relativum apparens &amp; vulgare est sensibilis &amp; externa quaevis Durationis per motum mensura, (seu accurata seu inaequabilis) qua vulgus vice veri temporis utitur; ut Hora, Dies, Mensis, Annus.

Haec definitio temporis esse vera omnibus usque ad annum [[1905]] videbatur. Einstein autem, de [[celeritas luminis|celeritate luminis]] cogitans, recte intellexit tempus (et spatium) non esse absolutum sed relativum. Dehinc, post complures computationes, theoriam [[relativitas specialis|relativitatis specialis]] proposuit, quae [[spatium|spatii]] temporisque comprehensionem secundum scientiam physicam magnopere mutavit. Theoria [[relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]] eius, anno [[1915]] excogitata, connectionem inter tempus spatiumque et relativam eorum naturam patefecit. Demum theoriae relativitatis praecepta circa tempus spatiumque facta sunt veritates quibus omne [[experimentum]] adhuc obtemperavit, atque multa sunt exempla de natura relativa temporis.

== Tempus secundum relativitatis theoriam ==

=== Relativitas specialis ===
Secundum [[relativitas specialis|Relativitatis Specialis]] theoriam, temporis definitio ex ''simultaneitatis'' concepto originem habet. Non unum ''tempus absolutum'' est, quemadmodum Newtonus cogitavit, quia constantia [[celeritas luminis|celeritatis luminis]] obtemperata, tempus ex inertialibus referentialibus pendet, sicut ab [[Albertus Einstein|Einstein]] anno [[1905]] demonstratus est. Duo autem homines dissimiles [[velocitas|velocitates]] habentes unus cum alio non consentiunt circa temporis durationem. Manifestum est hanc affirmationem esse contrariam ei qua a [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtono]] scripta est, sicut in ''Principia'' (p. 7) legitur:
:Accelerari &amp; retardari possunt motus omnes, sed fluxus Temporis absoluti mutari nequit. Eadem est duratio seu perseverantia existentiae rerum, sive motus sint celeres, sive tardi, sive nulli.

Mathematicas aequationes usum faciendo, temporis durationem ex duobus hominibus mensuratam non eandem esse expedite comprobare possumus, si velocitates quibus illi se movent dissimiles sint. Facilior intelligendae causa, sit &lt;math&gt; \Delta t_0 &lt;/math&gt; temporis duratio sive intervallum quam Carolus, qui nullam velocitatem habet, horologio suo metitur (hoc tempus est saepe a [[physicus|physicis]] vocatum ''tempus proprium''). Si autem Iosephus velocitatem &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt; habet (secundum Caroli referentialem) sequitur ut intervallum &lt;math&gt; \Delta t_1 &lt;/math&gt; ab Iosepho mensuratum est,
:&lt;math&gt; \Delta t_1 = \Delta t_0\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}&lt;/math&gt;
unde ''c'' [[celeritas luminis|celeritatem luminis]] denotat. Ex quo sequitur ut tempus ab Iosepho mensuratus minor quam Caroli tempus est. Hoc est praeclarissimus '''temporis dilatatio''' effectus, qui usque ad hodie vulgi comprehensionem excitat.

=== Relativitas generalis ===
Einstein anno [[1915]], quando [[relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]] theoriam excogitavit, temporis comprehensionem rursus mutavit. Non solum spectatoris relativa [[velocitas]] temporis fluxum mutat sed etiam [[acceleratio]]. Rustice relativitas generalis afirmat quod accelerans spectator minus senescit quam maior est eius [[acceleratio]]. Deinde, post accelerationem cum campo gravitationalis identificare (''Equivalentiae Principium''), 
temporis fluxum prope [[massa|massiva]] corpora esse lentior recte conclusit. 

Sit, exempli gratia, spectator super [[planeta]]m sphericum radium ''r'' atque massam ''M'' habentem. Hic spectator temporis intervallum &lt;math&gt; \Delta t_0 &lt;/math&gt; metitur. Si &lt;math&gt; \Delta t_1 &lt;/math&gt; temporis durationem mensuratam a maxime distante homine (i.e. &lt;math&gt;r\to\infty&lt;/math&gt;) denotat tunc mathematice sequitur quod inter eas relatio est
:&lt;math&gt; \Delta t_0 = \Delta t_1\sqrt{1-\frac{2GM}{rc^2}}&lt;/math&gt;
unde &lt;math&gt;G&lt;/math&gt; est Newtoni constans.

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|3}}
* [[Aeternitas]]
* [[Cronus]]
* [[Chronologia]]
* [[Chronosophia]]
* [[Horologium]]
* [[Index magnitudinum physicarum]]
* [[Iter transtemporale]]
* [[Numerus circadianus]]
* [[Philosophia spatii et temporis]]
* [[Praeteritum (grammatica)]]
* [[Reditus aeternus]]
* [[Sagitta temporis]]
* [[Synechismus]]
* [[Temporalitas]]
* [[Tempus aestivum]]
* [[Tempus (ars grammatica)]]
* [[Tempus Atomicum Internationale]]
* [[Ungleichzeitigkeit]]
{{div col end}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes ==
* Isaacus Newtonus, ''Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica'', editio prima, 1687
* [http://dibinst.mit.edu/BURNDY/Collections/Babson/OnlineNewton/Principia.htm ''Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica''] (omne opus in forma .pdf)
* [http://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Time/ Tempus apud &quot;Open Directory&quot;]
* [http://www.nmm.ac.uk/harrison Regium Observatorium et historia astronomiae: John Harrison et quaestio longitudinis]

=== Perceptio temporis ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930072044/http://manchestertiming.co.uk/ Studia de perceptione temporis apud Universitatem Mancuniensem]

=== Physica ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19970729054246/http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/world.html Ambulatio per tempus]
* [http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16607-seven-things-you-need-to-know-about-time.html Septem Res Tibi Necesse Est Scire De Tempore]

=== Philosophia ===
;'''Philosophia orientalis'''
* [http://www.literati-tradition.com/time.html Schema Conceptualis Cogitationis Sinensis de Philosophiae: Tempus]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100805074616/http://www.beyondthemind.net/time.html Menda in Mente: Inventio Temporis]

;'''Philosophia Occidentalis'''
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.onphilosophy.co.uk/time_-_a_dialogue.html
|title=Is there a defensible argument for the non-existence of time?
|first=Will
|last=Crouch
|Copyright James Nicholson
|year=2006-2008
|work=On Philosophy}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/t/time.htm
|title=Time
|first=Bradley (California State University, Sacramento)
|last=Dowden
|year=2007
|encyclopedia=The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
|editor=James Fieser, Ph.D., Bradley Dowden, Ph.D.}}
* {{Stanford|http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2004/entries/time-experience|The Experience and Perception of Time|Robin Le Poidevin|2004}}
* {{Stanford|http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2007/entries/leibniz-physics/|Leibniz's Philosophy of Physics|Jeff Mcdonough|2007}}
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.friesian.com/space.htm#clarke
|title=The Clarke-Leibniz Debate (1715-1716)
|first=Kelley L., Ph.D. (Los Angeles Valley College)
|last=Ross
|publisher=The Proceedings of the Friesian School, Fourth Series (1996, 1999, 2001)}}
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.friesian.com/space.htm#kant
|title=Three Points in Kant's Theory of Space and Time
|first=Kelley L., Ph.D. (Los Angeles Valley College)
|last=Ross
|publisher=The Proceedings of the Friesian School, Fourth Series (1996, 1999, 2001)}}
* {{Stanford|http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-bebecome/|Being and Becoming in Modern Physics|Steven Savitt|2007}}
* {{Stanford|http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2004/entries/kant-leibniz/|Kant and Leibniz|Catherine Wilson|2004}}

=== Conservatio temporis ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151016211032/http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/systime.html Systemata varia temporis mensi]
* [http://www1.bipm.org/en/scientific/tai/time_server.html UTC/TAI Timeserver]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3486160.stm Commentarius BBC de minimo tempore menso]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040707014907/http://www.fhs.ch/en/ Foederatio Industriae &quot;Swiss Watch&quot;]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050125085359/http://www.awi-net.org/ American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute]
* [http://www.nawcc.org National Association of Watch &amp; Clock Collectors]

=== Miscellanea ===
* [http://exploringtime.org/?page=segments Tempus Exploratum] a Tempore Planck ad vitam universi
* [http://www.studyoftime.org/ Societas Internationalis pro Studio Temporis]

{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Physica}}

[[Categoria:Philosophia]]
[[Categoria:Tempus|!]]
[[Categoria:Physica]]
[[Categoria:Chronobiologia]]</text>
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== Eventa ==
=== Mense Martio ===
*[[4 Martii]] - [[Franklinus Pierce]] praeses [[CFA]] [[Milvardus Fillmore|Milvardo Fillmore]] successit.
*[[7 Martii]] - [[Nicolaus I (imperator Russiae)|Nicolaus I]] imperator [[Imperium Russicum|Russiae]] tutelam Christianorum in dicione Turcorum viventium pro se ab [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Imperio Ottomanico]] extrema condicione postulavit.

=== Mense Iulio ===
*[[3 Iulii]] - Milites [[Russia|Russici]]  principatus [[Principatus Moldaviae|Moldaviae]] et [[Principatus Valachiae|Valachiae]], quae regiones adhuc ad [[Imperium Ottomanicum]] pertinuerant, occupaverunt. Id factum initium [[Bellum Crimaeanum|Belli Crimaeani]] fuit.

=== Mense Augusto ===
*[[28 Augusti]] - [[Carolus Alexander (Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach)|Carolus Alexander]] dux magnus [[Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach|Saxoniae-Vimarii-Eisenach]] regnum iniit.

=== Mense Octobri ===
*[[16 Octobris]] - [[Abd-ul-Mejid (sultanus Ottomanicus)|Abdulmechidus I]] sultanus [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Ottomanicus]] Imperio Russico bellum indixit, postquam frustra postulavit, ut [[Imperium Russicum|Russia]] principatus [[Principatus Moldaviae|Moldaviae]] et [[Principatus Valachiae|Valachiae]] relinqueret.

=== Mense Novembri ===
*[[4 Novembris]] - [[Omarus Pasha]] dux militum [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Turcicus]] [[Imperium Russicum|Russicos]] [[Petrus Dannenberg|Petro Dannenberg]] duce apud [[Constantiana Daphne|Constantianam Daphnen]] urbem [[Proelium Constantiolae|primo proelio]] [[Bellum Crimaeanum|Belli Crimaeani]] vicit.
[[Fasciculus:Battle of Sinop.jpg|thumb|Proelium Navale Sinopae die 30 Novembris 1853]]
*[[30 Novembris]] - Classis [[Imperium Russicum|Russica]] classem [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Ottomanicam]] in sinu [[Sinope|Sinopae]] clausam [[Proelium Navale Sinopae (1853)|proelio navali]] delevit.

=== Mense Decembri ===
*[[1 Decembris]] - [[Imperium Russicum|Russici]] inter [[Bellum Crimaeanum]] apud ''[[Pugna apud Baschkadyklar (1853)|Baschkadyklar]]'' in provincia [[Chorzene (provincia)|Chorzene]] [[Basilius Osipi filius Bebutov|Basilio Bebutov]] duce [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Turcos]], quibus [[Abdülkerim Nadir Pascha]] imperabat, vicerunt.
*[[5 Decembris]] - [[Vindobona]]e civitates maiores [[Europa]]e convenerunt, ut [[Bellum Crimaeanum]] inter Russiam et [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Turciam]] finirent. Sed [[Imperium Russicum]] proposita ceterorum regnorum negavit.

=== Ignotis Diebus ===
*Ignoto die - [[Schola Superior Polytechnica Foederalis Lausannensis]] [[Lausonium|Lausonii]] condita est.

== Nati ==
=== Mense Martio ===
*[[14 Martii]] - [[Ferdinandus Hodler]], pictor [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]; mortuus est anno [[1918]].

=== Mense Maio ===
*[[28 Maii]] - [[Carl Larsson]], pictor [[Suecia|Suecicus]], mortuus est anno [[1919]].

=== Mense Iulio ===
*[[18 Iulii]] - [[Henricus Antonius Lorentz]], [[mathematicus]] et [[physicus]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1944]].

=== Mense Septembri ===
* [[23 Septembris]] - [[Constantinus Stoilov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]]; mortuus est anno [[1901]].

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[14 Decembris]] - [[Henricus Malatesta]], politicorum peritus et [[Anarchismus|anarchista]] [[Italia|Italicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1932]].
* [[16 Decembris]] - [[Robertus Ferruzzi]], pictor [[Italia|Italicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1934]].
* [[31 Decembris]] - [[Iacobus Reumann]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Austria]]cus; mortuus est anno [[1925]].

== Mortui ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
*[[9 Ianuarii]] - [[Ioannes Nicasius Gallego]], [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|catholicus]], fuit [[poeta]] [[Hispania|Hispanicus]]; natus est anno [[1777]].
*[[13 Ianuarii]] - [[Theophilus Caires]], [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae Orthodoxae]], polyhistor et propugnator belli rerum novarum Graeci; natus est anno [[1784]].

=== Mense Aprili ===
*[[3 Aprilis]] - [[Comes Iosephus Ludovicus von Armansperg]], iuris prudens atque vir publicus [[Bavaria|Bavaricus]] et [[Graecia|Graecus]]; natus est anno [[1787]].
*[[28 Aprilis]] - [[Aloysius Tieck]], [[scriptor]] et [[editor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1773]].

=== Mense Iulio ===
*[[8 Iulii]] - [[Carolus Fridericus (Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach)|Carolus Fridericus]], ab anno [[1828]] dux magnus [[Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach]]; natus est anno [[1783]].

=== Mense Septembri ===
*[[8 Septembris]] - [[Beatus]] [[Fridericus Ozanam]], diurnarius Francogallicus; natus est anno [[1813]].</text>
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      <text bytes="3911" sha1="dnmc4cio9vz13cno2k7dx4h4fbntegi" xml:space="preserve">{{Decennium|182|MDCCCXIII}}
== Eventa ==
=== Mense Februario ===
* [[5 Februarii]] - Ordines provinciae [[Borussia orientalis|Borussiae Orientalis]] [[Regiomontium|Regiomontii]] motum populi contra dicionem [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francorum]] constituerunt.
* [[27 Februarii]] - Foedus inter [[Russia]]m et [[Borussia]]m contra [[Francia]]m signatum est.

=== Mense Martio ===
* [[4 Martii]] - Milites Russiae [[Berolinum]] occupaverunt.
* [[16 Martii]] - Borussia Franciae bellum indixit.
* [[18 Martii]] - Russi etiam [[Hamburgum]] urbem occupaverunt.
* [[25 Martii]] - [[Megalopolis-Suerinum]] Magnus Ducatus [[Confoederatio Rhenana|Confoederationem Rhenanam]] reliquit.

=== Mense Octobri ===
* ab [[16 Octobris|16&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;]] usque ad [[19 Octobris]]- [[Pugna Lipsiensis]].
* [[17 Octobris]] - [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo I]] imperator [[Francia|Francorum]] frustra [[Franciscus II (imperator)|Francisco I]] imperatori [[Austria]]e foedus de pace offerebat.
* [[29 Octobris]] - [[Regnum Westphaliae]] a militibus Russicis occupatum et dissolutum est.
* [[30 Octobris|30]] et [[31 Octobris]] - [[Pugna apud Hannoviam]] inter [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicos]] milites atque [[Regnum Bavariae|Bavarienses]] et [[Austria]]cos.

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[2 Decembris]] - Regnum [[Nederlandia]]e conditum, [[Gulielmus I (rex Nederlandiae)|Gulielmus I]] primus rex proclamatus est.

== Nati ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[4 Ianuarii]] - [[Alexander Bach]], iuris consultus et vir publicus [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|Austriacus]]; mortuus est anno [[1893]].

=== Mense Martio ===
* [[18 Martii]] - [[Fridericus Hebbel]], tragoediarum scriptor et poeta [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1863]].

=== Mense Maio ===
* [[5 Maii]] - [[Serenus Kierkegaard]], jutus philosophus mortuus anno [[1855]].
* [[22 Maii]] - [[Wilhelminus Richardus Wagner]], compositor Theodiscus; mortuus est anno [[1883]].
* [[28 Maii]] - [[Ioannes Baptista Reiter]], [[pictor]] [[Austria]]cus; mortuus est anno [[1890]].

=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[23 Aprilis]] - [Beatus]] [[Fridericus Ozanam]], diurnarius Francogallicus; mortuus est anno [[1853]].

=== Mense Iulio ===
* [[12 Iulii]] - [[Claudius Bernard (medicus)|Claudius Bernard]], celeber [[medicus]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1878]].
* [[13 Iulii]] - [[Theophilus Hansen]], [[architectus]] [[Dania|Danicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1891]].

=== Mense Octobri ===
* [[10 Octobris]] - [[Iosephus Verdi]], compositor Italicus (mortuus anno [[1901]])
* [[17 Octobris]] - [[Georgius Büchner]], [[scriptor]], [[natura]]e studiosus et [[Res Novae|revolutionarius]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1837]].
* [[29 Octobris]] - [[Carolus Ploug]], [[diurnarius]] et [[poeta]] [[Dania|Danicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1894]].

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[8 Decembris]] - [[Adolphus Kolping]], [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|catholicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] fuit, qui pro operaris et iuvenibus pugnavit; mortuus est anno [[1865]].

=== Diebus incertis ===
* [[Alexander Bida]], pictor [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1895]].

== Mortui ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[20 Ianuarii]] - [[Christophorus Martinus Wieland]], [[scriptor]] et [[editor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]], natus anno [[1733]].

=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[10 Aprilis]] - [[Iosephus Ludovicus Lagrange]], [[mathematicus]] et [[astronomus]] (natus [[1736]]).

=== Mense Maio ===
* [[22 Maii]] - [[Iohannes Kearney]], in [[Collegium Trinitatis (Dublinum)|Collegio Trinitatis]] [[Universitas Dublinensis|Universitatis Dublinensis]] [[rhetorica]]e professor: mortuus est anno [[1813]].

=== Mense Iulio ===
* [[11 Iulii]] - [[Carlota Finch]], paedagoga principum et principissarum Britanniae; nata est anno [[1725]].

=== Mense Novembri ===
* [[29 Novembris]] - [[Ioannes Baptista Bodoni]], [[typographus]] et [[editor]] [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus est anno [[1740]].</text>
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      <text bytes="3912" sha1="78y3pclpu2bcinei4dji88f7r56hamg" xml:space="preserve">{{Decennium|182|MDCCCXIII}}
== Eventa ==
=== Mense Februario ===
* [[5 Februarii]] - Ordines provinciae [[Borussia orientalis|Borussiae Orientalis]] [[Regiomontium|Regiomontii]] motum populi contra dicionem [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francorum]] constituerunt.
* [[27 Februarii]] - Foedus inter [[Russia]]m et [[Borussia]]m contra [[Francia]]m signatum est.

=== Mense Martio ===
* [[4 Martii]] - Milites Russiae [[Berolinum]] occupaverunt.
* [[16 Martii]] - Borussia Franciae bellum indixit.
* [[18 Martii]] - Russi etiam [[Hamburgum]] urbem occupaverunt.
* [[25 Martii]] - [[Megalopolis-Suerinum]] Magnus Ducatus [[Confoederatio Rhenana|Confoederationem Rhenanam]] reliquit.

=== Mense Octobri ===
* ab [[16 Octobris|16&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;]] usque ad [[19 Octobris]]- [[Pugna Lipsiensis]].
* [[17 Octobris]] - [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo I]] imperator [[Francia|Francorum]] frustra [[Franciscus II (imperator)|Francisco I]] imperatori [[Austria]]e foedus de pace offerebat.
* [[29 Octobris]] - [[Regnum Westphaliae]] a militibus Russicis occupatum et dissolutum est.
* [[30 Octobris|30]] et [[31 Octobris]] - [[Pugna apud Hannoviam]] inter [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicos]] milites atque [[Regnum Bavariae|Bavarienses]] et [[Austria]]cos.

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[2 Decembris]] - Regnum [[Nederlandia]]e conditum, [[Gulielmus I (rex Nederlandiae)|Gulielmus I]] primus rex proclamatus est.

== Nati ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[4 Ianuarii]] - [[Alexander Bach]], iuris consultus et vir publicus [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|Austriacus]]; mortuus est anno [[1893]].

=== Mense Martio ===
* [[18 Martii]] - [[Fridericus Hebbel]], tragoediarum scriptor et poeta [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1863]].

=== Mense Maio ===
* [[5 Maii]] - [[Serenus Kierkegaard]], jutus philosophus mortuus anno [[1855]].
* [[22 Maii]] - [[Wilhelminus Richardus Wagner]], compositor Theodiscus; mortuus est anno [[1883]].
* [[28 Maii]] - [[Ioannes Baptista Reiter]], [[pictor]] [[Austria]]cus; mortuus est anno [[1890]].

=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[23 Aprilis]] - [[Beatus]] [[Fridericus Ozanam]], diurnarius Francogallicus; mortuus est anno [[1853]].

=== Mense Iulio ===
* [[12 Iulii]] - [[Claudius Bernard (medicus)|Claudius Bernard]], celeber [[medicus]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1878]].
* [[13 Iulii]] - [[Theophilus Hansen]], [[architectus]] [[Dania|Danicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1891]].

=== Mense Octobri ===
* [[10 Octobris]] - [[Iosephus Verdi]], compositor Italicus (mortuus anno [[1901]])
* [[17 Octobris]] - [[Georgius Büchner]], [[scriptor]], [[natura]]e studiosus et [[Res Novae|revolutionarius]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1837]].
* [[29 Octobris]] - [[Carolus Ploug]], [[diurnarius]] et [[poeta]] [[Dania|Danicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1894]].

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[8 Decembris]] - [[Adolphus Kolping]], [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|catholicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] fuit, qui pro operaris et iuvenibus pugnavit; mortuus est anno [[1865]].

=== Diebus incertis ===
* [[Alexander Bida]], pictor [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1895]].

== Mortui ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[20 Ianuarii]] - [[Christophorus Martinus Wieland]], [[scriptor]] et [[editor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]], natus anno [[1733]].

=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[10 Aprilis]] - [[Iosephus Ludovicus Lagrange]], [[mathematicus]] et [[astronomus]] (natus [[1736]]).

=== Mense Maio ===
* [[22 Maii]] - [[Iohannes Kearney]], in [[Collegium Trinitatis (Dublinum)|Collegio Trinitatis]] [[Universitas Dublinensis|Universitatis Dublinensis]] [[rhetorica]]e professor: mortuus est anno [[1813]].

=== Mense Iulio ===
* [[11 Iulii]] - [[Carlota Finch]], paedagoga principum et principissarum Britanniae; nata est anno [[1725]].

=== Mense Novembri ===
* [[29 Novembris]] - [[Ioannes Baptista Bodoni]], [[typographus]] et [[editor]] [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus est anno [[1740]].</text>
      <sha1>78y3pclpu2bcinei4dji88f7r56hamg</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Linux</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13363</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986516</id>
      <parentid>3928954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:44:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3490" sha1="miug3r16n7qxf3mv2lev5nbwjjhilg1" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
[[Fasciculus:Ubuntu_10.10.png|thumb|[[Ubuntu]]: GNU/Linux cum systemate fenestrarum [[GNOME]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Linus Torvalds.jpeg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Linus Torvalds]], qui Linucem systematum administrativorum nucleum creavit.]]

{{Res|Linux}} ({{pns|ucis|m}})&lt;ref&gt;Anglice forma pluralis est saepe ''Linuces'' (a suffixo Latino ''-ux, -ucis,'' tamquam vocabulo ''dux''); {{*cf}} {{cite web
	| url = https://opensource.com/article/17/11/politics-linux-desktop
	| title = The politics of the Linux desktop
	| last = Bursell
	| first = Mike
	| date = [[28 Novembris]] [[2017]]
	| website = opensource.com
}}: “RPM '''Linuces''' scaled as well as Debian/Apt Linux”. Vide etiam nomen ''[[Unix|Unicis]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; dicitur omnia [[systema administrativum computatrale|systemata administrativa computatralia]] quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nucleus Linux|nucleum Linucem|d|en|qid=Q14579}} comprehendunt. Haec systemata, quamquam ubique simplius ''Linuces'' appellantur, a rerum autem [[informatica]]rum peritis saepe potius GNU/Linux appellantur, quia omnia haec systemata multis programmatibus ab [[inceptum GNU|incepto GNU]] prolatis utuntur.

In mundi [[merx|mercatu]], Linux est unus ex variis substitutionibus{{dubsig}} [[Microsoft Windows|systematis Microsoft]]. Linux autem a communione programmatorum creatus est, sicut [[Vicipaedia]]. Non solum gratis, sed etiam ''apertus'' est, quare haec [[programmatura libera|programmata libera]] ab omnibus usoribus inspectari et elaborari possunt.

In familia Linucum [[Chrome OS]] praeclarum reperitur.

== Historia ==
Linux ex cogitatione [[Linus Torvalds|Lini Torvalds]] anno [[1991]] ortus est. Linus enim, qui [[Minix|systema Minicem]] amabat, hoc [[systema administrativum computatrale|systema]] [[Unix|systemati Unici]] simile factum haud putabat esse perfectum, maluitque novum [[systema administrativum computatrale|systema administrativum]] creare modo ad se delectandum et ad se [[informatica]]m melius discendum.

Postea, die [[17 Septembris]] anno [[1991]], Linus suo [[systema administrativum computatrale|systemati administrativo]] versionem 0.1 [[Nucleus (informatica)|nuclei]] creavit.

Tandem anno [[1992]] [[Orestes Zborowski]] Linucem [[X Server]] excogitavit ad non solum systema texticum sed systema graphicum quoque habendum.

Anno [[1994]] demum Linus versionem 1.0 praebuit post versiones 66 medias.

== Distributiones ==
Linux exsistit in multis formis, quae species Linucis ''distributiones'' appellantur.&lt;ref&gt;Anglice ''[[:en:Linux distribution|Linux distribution]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Quaeque distributio suum [[nomen proprium]] habet. Una distributio hodierna populo grata est [[Ubuntu]]. 

Alia exempla distributionium Linucis sunt:
{{div col|3}}
* [[Arch Linux]]
* [[Debian GNU/Linux]]
* [[Fedora]]
* [[Gentoo]]
* [[Kanotix]]
* [[Knoppix]]
* [[Linspire]]
* [[Lycoris]]
* [[Mandriva]]
* [[pocketlinux]]
* [[RedHat]]
* [[Slackware]]
* [[SuSE]]
* [[Turbolinux]]
* [[Ubuntu]] ([[Kubuntu]], [[Lubuntu]], [[Xubuntu]], [[Edubuntu]], [[Ubuntu Christian Edition]])
* [[Vine Linux]]
{{div col end}}

== Nexus interni ==
* [[Chrome OS]]
* [[GNU]]
* [[Microsoft]]
* [[Unix]]
* [[9885 Linux]]. [[asteroides]] in eius honorem nominatus.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;
*[https://www.britannica.com/technology/Linux Commentarius Interretelis Encyclopaediae Britannicae de Linux.] 

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Linux|Linucem}}

[[Categoria:Signa mercatoria]]
[[Categoria:Systemata operativa]]
{{Myrias|Technologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ars athletica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986509</id>
      <parentid>3958662</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:51:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <text bytes="8782" sha1="f6vvkr1pv6zbm7nx7c32or69nddh90d" xml:space="preserve">{{latinitas}}
[[Fasciculus:Football in Bloomington, Indiana, 1996.jpg|thumb|Binae turmae [[pediludium|pediludio]] ludunt, ludo athletico [[orbis terrarum]] populo gratissimo.]]
[[Fasciculus:ChessStartingPosition.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Consilium Olympicum inter Gentes|Consilium Olympicum inter Gentes|en|qid=Q40970}} [[scacci|scaccos]] aliosque [[ludus tabularis|ludos tabulares]] sicut artes athleticas agnoscit.]]
[[Fasciculus:Showjumping white horse.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Saltatio spectabilis||en|qid=Q211773}}{{dubsig}} est ars athletica [[Equitatio|equestris]].]]

{{res|Ars athletica}}, seu {{res|disportus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|disportus}}),&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Gross
	| nomen auctoris = Nicolaus
	| commentatio de auctore = Nicolaus Gross
	| titulus = Officina vocabulorum (III)
	| contextus = Epistulae Leoninae
	| volumen = 221
	| tempus = 2020-10-04
	| url contextus = http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/leonina/EL%20221.pdf
	| retrospectio contextus = 20221012045511
	| salus url contextus = obiit
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; est [[ludus]] vel {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|actio corporea||en|qid=Q747883}},&lt;ref name=&quot;sportaccord&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Definition of sport
	| domus editoria = SportAccord
	| url = http://www.sportaccord.com/en/members/index.php?idIndex=32&amp;idContent=14881
	| retrospectio = 20111028112912
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; saepe {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Competitio|competitivus|en|qid=Q476300}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Regula (ludus)|regulis|en|qid=Q766366}} [[organizatio|temperatus]], cuius propositum [[vires]] vel [[Peritia|peritias]] corporeas adhibendas, sustentandas, vel emendandas{{Latinitas dolet}} est, cum [[voluptas]] quibus rei intersunt et aliquando [[spectator]]ibus [[oblectamentum]] prosit.&lt;ref name=&quot;council&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = Consilium Europae
	| commentatio de auctore = Consilium Europae
	| titulus = The European sport charter
	| tempus = 1992-09-24
	| url = https://wcd.coe.int/wcd/ViewDoc.jsp?id=206451
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20200606204451
	| tempus inspectionis = 2012-03-05
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Athletae [[gladius|gladiis]], [[pila|piliis]], aliisque instrumentis saepe ludunt. Quique ludus per praecepta, metas, et instrumenta ei praecipua definitur. Ludorum praecepta multum a [[civitas|civitatum]] [[lex|legibus]] [[mos|moribusque]] et a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sodalitas|sodalitate|en|qid=Q988108}} vel [[collegium athleticum|societate athletica]] ludum gubernante dependent. Ludunt et amatores fructus otiique causa, et negotiosi {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Emolumentum|emolumenti|en|qid=Q1742093}} causa. Multi ludi et certamina habent aspectus{{dubsig}} inter [[natio|gentes]], sicut [[Olympia (certamina)|ludi Olympici]], [[pediludium|FIFA Certamen Mundiale Pediludii]], et [[Circuitus Franciae]]. 

==Physiologia et sanitas==
Hodie plerasquae artium athleticarum salubritati [[corpus|corporis]] [[mens|mentisque]] servare putatur. 
=== Commendationes OMS ===
[[Ordo mundi sanitarius]] (OMS) commendat et iubet:
* omnes homines inter 18 et 64 annorum natos [[hebdomas|hebdomade]] non citra quam 150 minuta moderate vel 75 minuta vehementer artem athleticam exercere,
* artem athleticam moderatam centesimarum a 50 ad 70 maximae [[frequentia cardiaca|frequentiae cardiacae]], quo [[sermo]] plreumque liceat, significare,
* artem athleticam vehehemtem centesimae ab 70 ad 85 frequentiae cardiacae maximae, quo sermo haud facile vel haudquamquam liceat, significare,
* unitates athleticas singulares non minus quam 10 minuta solere esse, 
* exercitationem artis athleticae hebdomade saltem binas esse.

==De instrumentis==
Athletae saepe [[instrumentum (ars athletica)|instrumentis]] propriis ludunt. Birotarii [[birota|birotis]], cursores [[cursi calceus|cursi calceis]], [[gladiator]]es rudibus (vel olim gladiis), iactatores [[iuculum|iaculis]] [[pilum|pilis]] [[discus|discisque]], natatores [[perspicillum subaquaticum|perspicillis subaquaticis]], nartatores [[narta|nartis]], sagittarii [[arcus (arma)|arcibus]] [[sagitta (arma)|sagittisque]], sclopetarii [[sclopetum|sclopetiis]] utuntur. 

Multi ludi ([[tenniludium|teniludium]], [[harpastum]]) [[pila|folle]] (sicut [[pediludium]], [[canistripilae ludus|canistriludium]]), [[volatuludium]], vel [[pila]] (sicut [[criccetius lusus]] et [[basipila|basiludium]]) utuntur.

== De turmis et manibus ==
Alii ludi certamina inter [[homo|homines]] [[unus|singulos]] sunt, sicut [[birotatio]], [[equitatio]], [[natatio]], [[nartatio]], [[patinaticum]], [[gymnastica]], et [[teniludium]]. Alii ludi certamina inter manus vel turmas hominum sunt, sicut fere omnes pilis ludi, [[remigandi certamen|remidandi certamina]], et [[velificatio]]nes. Alii ludi et inter turmas et inter homines singulos possunt esse, quod multum a [[civitas|civitate]] et eius [[mos|moribus]] dependet.

==De lusoribus, societatibus et foederibus==
Et negotiosi emolumenti causa ludunt, et amatores fructus otiique causa. Multi ludi certaminaque habent aspectus internationales. 

==Ludi varii==
===Ludi turmales{{dubsig}}===
{{div col|3}}
====Follis====
* [[Alsulegia equestris]] &lt;!--polo--&gt;
* [[Alsulegia aquatica]] &lt;!--waterpolo--&gt;
* [[Alsulegia pratensis]]
* [[Alsulegia pedirotaria]] &lt;!--roller hockey--&gt;
* [[Canistriludium]]
* [[Canistriludium viarium]] &lt;!--streetball--&gt;
* [[Follis volaticus]]
* [[Harpastum]]
* [[Manufollium]]
* [[Pediludium]]
* [[Pediludium Americanum]]
* [[Pediludium aulare]] &lt;!--futsal--&gt;
* [[Pediludium litorale]] &lt;!--beach soccer--&gt;
* [[Unialsulegia]] &lt;!--floorball--&gt;

====Pila====
* [[Alsulegia]] &lt;!--hockey--&gt;
* [[Basipila]]
* [[Basipila Finnica]] &lt;!--'pesäpallo--&gt;
* [[Criccetius lusus|Criccetius]]
* [[Crocia]]
* [[Ludus pilae Mesoamericanus]]
{{div col end}}

===Ludi in stadio===
* [[Athletica]]
* [[Gymnastica]]

===Ludi aquatici===
* [[Alsulegia aquatica]] &lt;!--waterpolo--&gt;
* [[Fluctivagatio]]
* [[Natatio]]
* [[Natatio saltatoria]]
* [[Saltus aquaticus]] &lt;!--diving--&gt;
* [[Velitabulatio]]

===Ludi martiales===
{{div col|2}}
* [[Chromatosphaerisis]]
* [[Iudo]]
* [[Lucta]]
* [[Luctatio libera disportiva]]{{dubsig}}
* [[Luctatio libera Mexicana]]
* [[Luctatio libera Olympica]]
* [[Luctatio libera professionalis]]
* [[Luctatio libera T36]]
* [[Pugilatus]]
* [[Pugilatio (Graeci antiqui)]]
* [[Taequondo]]
{{div col end}}

===Ludi cum manubriato reticulo===
* [[Pennaludium]] &lt;!--badmington--&gt;
* [[Pila Vasconica]] &lt;!--pelote basque--&gt;
* [[Teniludium]] &lt;!--tennis--&gt;
* [[Teniludium mensale]] &lt;!--table tennis--&gt;
* [[Teniludium parietarius]] &lt;!--squash--&gt;

===Ludi ad scopum===
* [[Ars sagittandi]] &lt;!--archery--&gt;
* [[Pillamalleus]] (Ludus Caledonicus) &lt;!--golf--&gt;

===Ludi cum animalibus===
* [[Alsulegia equestris]]
* [[Buzcasium]] 
* [[Equitatio]]

===Ludi birotarii===
* [[Birotatio]]

===Ludi hiemales===
* [[Alsulegia glacialis]] &lt;!--ice hockey--&gt;
* [[Alsulegia Russica]] &lt;!--bandy--&gt;
* [[Ludus scoparum]] &lt;!--curling--&gt;
* [[Nartatio]]

===Ludi mechanici===
* [[Birotatio automataria]]

===Ludi nautici===
* [[Certamen celocum lusoriorum]]
* [[Piraguismus]]
* [[Remigium (ars athletica)|Remigium]]

===Ludi alii===
* [[Patinatio rotalis velocitatis]] &lt;!--inline speed skating--&gt;
* [[Ambulatio viae]] &lt;!--road running--&gt;

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|3}}
* [[Alea (modus ludendi)]]
* [[Baculi pilaeque ludus]]
* [[Circuitus Franciae]]
* [[Circus]]
* [[Coniludium]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Educatio corporea||en|qid=Q243253}}
* [[Exercitium corporis]] 
* [[Ludus gymnicus campestris]]
* [[Ludus saggitarius]]
* [[Ludus sclopetarius]]
* [[Malleorum ludus]] &lt;!--croquet--&gt;
* [[Montium ascensus]]
* [[Olympia (certamina)|Ludi Olympici]]
* [[Tabula labens]]
* [[Trahea canum]]
* [[Trahea gubernabilis]]
{{div col end}}

== Bibliographia ==
* Mandelbaum, Michael. [[2004]]. ''The Meaning of Sports: Why Americans Watch Baseball, Football, and Basketball, and What They See When They Do.'' Novi Eboraci: Public Affairs, ISBN 1-58648-252-1.
* Polley, Martin. [[1998]]. ''Moving the Goalposts: A History of Sport and Society since 1945.'' Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0415142164; ISBN 0415142172 (charta).
* Sullivan, George. [[1979]]. ''The Complete Sports Dictionary.'' Novi Eboraci: Scholastic Book Services. ISBN 0-590-05731-6.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Sports|artes athleticas}}
{{Victionarium|Sports|artes athleticas}}
{{Vicicitatio|Sports|artes athleticas}}
* [https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/rjps20 ''Journal of the Philosophy of Sport.'']

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Societas humana}}
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Anthropologia}}

[[Categoria:Cultura]]
[[Categoria:Exercitatio corporis]]
[[Categoria:Ludi athletici|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Milvardus Fillmore</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>29821</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986572</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-08T04:24:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1607" sha1="bypnc2gdeqnkj9qogymt5woaxxwov9y" xml:space="preserve">{{Praesesamericae|
imago=Millard Fillmore.jpg|
nomen vulgare=''Millard Fillmore''|
anni=1850-1853|
Ordo=13|
natus=[[7 Ianuarii]] [[1800]]|
obiit=[[8 Martii]] [[1874]]|
ubi natus=''Summerhill, Novi Eboraci''|
ubi obiit=''[[Buffalo]], Novi Eboraci''|
uxor = '' [[Abigail Powers Fillmore]] ''|
factio = ''Whigus''|
vicarius = ''nullus''|
antecessus = ''[[Zacharias Taylor]]'' |
secutus = ''[[Franklinus Pierce]]'' |
ars = ''[[causidicus]]'' |
religio = ''[[Episcopalianus]]'' |
}}

{{latinitas|-3}}

{{res|Milvardus Fillmore}}{{dubsig}} (natus [[Cayuga Comitatus|comitatu Cayuga]] die [[7 Ianuarii]] [[1800]]; mortuus [[Buffalo|Buffali]] die [[8 Martii]] [[1874]]) fuit vir publicus, [[Zacharias Taylor]] praeside, [[Praeses vicarius]] et postea, cum Taylor repente obiit, praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae inter annos [[1850]] et [[1853]]. 

== Vita ==
Milvardus Fillmore factionis ''Whig'' erat et Tayloris, qui Compromisum [[1850]] vetare volebat, Praeses vicarius erat. Sed mors Taylori obfuit vetare et Fillmore, factus praeses, Compromisum approbavit.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Communia|Millard Fillmore|Milvardum Fillmore}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/mf13.html Biographia] officialis [[Aedes Albae|Domus Albae]] {{ling|Anglice}}

{{CFApraesides}}
{{CFApraesidesvicarii}}

{{Lifetime|1800|1874|Fillmore, Milvardus}}

[[Categoria:Episcopaliani Americani]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Novi Eboraci]]
[[Categoria:Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]
[[Categoria:Praesides Vicarii Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]
[[Categoria:Unitariani Civitatum Foederatarum]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986573</id>
      <parentid>3986572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T04:25:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
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      <minor />
      <origin>3986573</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1602" sha1="k1m38gr2q2ntbqjmvja7k3l3i2lwzn8" xml:space="preserve">{{Praesesamericae|
imago=Millard Fillmore.jpg|
nomen vulgare=''Millard Fillmore''|
anni=1850-1853|
Ordo=13|
natus=[[7 Ianuarii]] [[1800]]|
obiit=[[8 Martii]] [[1874]]|
ubi natus=''Summerhill, Novi Eboraci''|
ubi obiit=''[[Buffalo]], Novi Eboraci''|
uxor = '' [[Abigail Powers Fillmore]] ''|
factio = ''Whigus''|
vicarius = ''nullus''|
antecessus = ''[[Zacharias Taylor]]'' |
secutus = ''[[Franklinus Pierce]]'' |
ars = ''[[causidicus]]'' |
religio = ''[[Episcopalianus]]'' |
}}

{{latinitas|-3}}

{{res|Milvardus Fillmore}}{{dubsig}} (natus [[Cayuga Comitatus|comitatu Cayuga]] die [[7 Ianuarii]] [[1800]]; mortuus [[Buffalo]]nis die [[8 Martii]] [[1874]]) fuit vir publicus, [[Zacharias Taylor]] praeside, [[Praeses vicarius]] et postea, cum Taylor repente obiit, praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae inter annos [[1850]] et [[1853]]. 

== Vita ==
Milvardus Fillmore factionis ''Whig'' erat et Tayloris, qui Compromisum [[1850]] vetare volebat, Praeses vicarius erat. Sed mors Taylori obfuit vetare et Fillmore, factus praeses, Compromisum approbavit.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Communia|Millard Fillmore|Milvardum Fillmore}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/mf13.html Biographia] officialis [[Aedes Albae|Domus Albae]] {{ling|Anglice}}

{{CFApraesides}}
{{CFApraesidesvicarii}}

{{Lifetime|1800|1874|Fillmore, Milvardus}}

[[Categoria:Episcopaliani Americani]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Novi Eboraci]]
[[Categoria:Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]
[[Categoria:Praesides Vicarii Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]
[[Categoria:Unitariani Civitatum Foederatarum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arnoldus Schoenberg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>37266</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986527</id>
      <parentid>3926639</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:55:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986527</origin>
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      <text bytes="7676" sha1="i9jfr456roqtipnevgg134977gp2b0i" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Arnoldus Schoenberg}} ([[Vindobona]]e natus die [[13 Septembris]] anno [[1874]]; obiit [[Angelopolis|Angelopoli]] in [[California]] die [[13 Iulii]] anno [[1951]]) fuit [[compositor]] et studiosus [[musica]]e [[Austria]]cus. Inspiratus [[expressionismus (musica)|expressionismo]] novum excogitavit musicae modum, [[ratio tonorum duodecim|dodecaphonum]], qui [[modus toni|modum toni]] [[atonalitas|evitat]], cum omnes [[scala]]e gradus aequo pondere constituantur, ex quo [[serialismus]] ortus est. 

[[Albanus Berg|Albanum Berg]] et [[Antonius Webern|Antonium Webern]] compositionem musicam docuit.

== De vita ==
Schoenberg, natus in [[religio]]nem [[Iudaismus|Iudaicam]], dum vixit, tum in [[Lutheranismus|Lutheranismum]], tum in [[Ecclesia Catholica|Romanum Catholicismum]], tum iterum in Iudaismum se convertit.

Inter [[primum bellum mundanum]] ipse [[militia]]m voluntariam secutus est. Propter vexationes et [[lex|leges]] [[NSDAP|nazismi]] contra [[Iudaei|Iudaeos]] latas, anno [[1933]] in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitates Foederatas]] migravit. Eius corpus in [[Zentralfriedhof (Vindobona)|Medio Sepulcreto]] Vindobonae sepultum est.

== De operibus ==
Inter eius primas [[compositio]]nes hodie notissimas numerantur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|''Nox Transfigurata''||en|qid=Q534032}} (1899), {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|sextocinium chordarum||en|qid=Q368926}} ex [[poema]]te eiusdem nominis [[Ricardus Dehmel|Ricardi Dehmel]]; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|''Carmina Gurrensia''||en|qid=Q1555250}} (1903, refecta 1911), [[oratorium (musica)|oratorium]] ex circulo carminum [[Ioannes Petrus Jacobsen|Ioannis Petri Jacobsen]]; et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|''Perotinus Lunarius''||en|qid=Q965040}} (1912), [[fabula melodramatica]] ex poematibus eiusdem nominis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Albertus Giraud|Alberti Giraud|en|qid=Q972661}}.

== Bibliographia ==
* [[Theodorus Adorno|Adorno, Theodor]]. [[1967]]. ''Prisms'', ex Theodisco sermone converterunt Samuel et Shierry Weber. Spearman &amp; MIT Press.
* Beaumont, Antony. [[2000]]. ''Zemlinsky.'' Londinii: Faber. ISBN 0-571-16983-X Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3803-5.
* Buhle, Pal, et David Wagner. [[2002]]. ''Radical Hollywood: The Untold Story Behind America's Favorite Movies''. Novi Eboraci: The New Press. ISBN 1-56584-819-5.
* Freitag, Eberhard. [[2000]]. ''Schönberg.'' Ed. undecima. Reinbek: Rowohlt ISBN 3-499-50202-X.
* Gervink, Manuel. [[2000]]. ''Arnold Schönberg und seine Zeit.'' Laaber: Laaber-Verlag. ISBN 3-921518-88-1.
* Greissle-Schönberg, Arnold, et Nancy Bogen. [sine anno] ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090823073704/http://www.schoenbergseuropeanfamily.org/ Arnold Schönberg’s European Family]'' (e-book). ''The Lark Ascending, Inc''. 
* [[Hubertus J. Foss|Foss, Hubert]]. [[1951]]. &quot;Schoenberg, 1874–1951&quot; ''Musical Times'' 92, no. 1 (September): 401–403.
* Hailey, Christopher. [[1993]]. ''Franz Schreker, 1878–1934: A Cultural Biography.'' Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-39255-6.
* Haimo, Ethan. [[1990]]. ''Schoenberg's Serial Odyssey: The Evolution of his Twelve-Tone Method, 1914–1928.'' Oxoniae: Clarendon Press; Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-315260-6.
* Lebrecht, Norman. [[1985]]. ''The Book of Musical Anecdotes.'' Novi Eboraci: Simon and Schuster; Londinii: Sphere Books. ISBN 0-02-918710-9.
* Lebrecht, Norman. [[2001]]. &quot;[http://www.scena.org/columns/lebrecht/010708-NL-Schoenberg.html Why We're Still Afraid of Schoenberg].&quot; ''The Lebrecht Weekly,'' 8 Iulii.
* [[Ton de Leeuw|Leeuw, Ton de]]. [[2005]]. ''Music of the Twentieth Century: A Study of Its Elements and Structure,'' conversus ex Nederlandica a Stephano Taylor. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 90-5356-765-8. Conversio libri ''Muziek van de twintigste eeuw: een onderzoek naar haar elementen en structuur''. Utrecht: Oosthoek, [[1964]]. Impressio tertia, Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema &amp; Holkema, [[1977]]. ISBN 90-313-0244-9.
* Mahler, Alma. [[1960]]. ''Mein Leben,'' cum praefatione a Willy Haas scripta. Francofurti: S. Fischer.
* [[Carolus Rosen|Rosen, Charles]]. [[1975]]. ''Arnold Schoenberg.'' Novi Eboraci: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-13316-7 (pbk) ISBN 0-670-01986-0 (cloth). Reprinted 1996, with a new preface. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-72643-6.
* Ross, Alex. [[2007]]. ''And the Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century.'' Novi Eboraci: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, ISBN 978-0-374-24939-7.
* [[Haroldus C. Schonberg|Schonberg, Harold C.]] [[1970]]. ''The Lives of the Great Composers.'' Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-02146-7. Editio retractata, Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton, [[1980]]. ISBN 0-393-01302-2. Editio tertia, Novi Eboraci: W.W. Norton, [[1997]]. ISBN 0-393-03857-2.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. [[1922]]. ''[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=%28creator%3A%22Arnold%20Sch%C3%B6nberg%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Arnold%20Schoenberg%22%29%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts%20NOT%20Goethe Harmonielehre].'' Ed. tertia. Vindobonae: Universal Edition. Primo edits 1911. Conversio editionis tertiae a Roy E. Carter ut ''Theory of Harmony.'' Berkeleiae, Angelopoli: University of California Press, 1978. ISBN 0-520-04945-4.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. [[1959]]. ''Structural Functions of Harmony.'' Comversus a Leonard Stein. Londinii: Williams and Norgate Revised edition, Novi Eboraci, Londinii: W. W. Norton and Company 1969. ISBN 0-393-00478-3.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. [[1964]]. ''Arnold Schoenberg Letters,'' selectae et editae ab Erwin Stein, ex Theodisca ab Eithne Wilkins et Ernst Kaiser. Londinii: Faber. Paperback reprint, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. ISBN 978-0-520-06009-8.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. [[1967]]. ''Fundamentals of Musical Composition.'' Edita a Gerald Strang, cum praefatione a Leonard Stein. Novi Eboraci: St. Martin's Press. Iterum impressus [[1985]], Londinii: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-09276-4.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. [[1975]]. ''Style and Idea: Selected Writings of Arnold Schoenberg.'' Editus a Leonard Stein, cum conversionibus Leo Black. Novi Eboraci: St. Martins Press; Londinii: Faber &amp; Faber. ISBN 0-520-05294-3. Expansus ab editione 1950 Philosophical Library (Novi Eboraci), a [[Dika Newlin]] edita.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. [[1984]]. ''Style and Idea: Selected Writings.'' Convertit Leo Black. Berkeleiae: California University Press.
* [[Michael Steinberg (criticus musicus)|Steinberg, Michael]]. [[1995]]. ''The Symphony: A Listener's Guide.'' Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506177-2 (cloth) ISBN 0-19-512665-3 (pbk).
* Strimple, Nick. [[2005]]. ''Choral Music in the Twentieth Century.'' Portlandiae Oregoniae et Cantabrigiae: Amadeus. ISBN 1-57467-122-7.
* [[Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt|Stuckenschmidt, Hans Heinz]]. [[1977]]. ''Schoenberg: His Life, World and Work.'' Convertit ex Theodisca Humphrey Searle. Novi Eboraci: Schirmer Books.&lt;!--

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;--&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.schoenberg.at Arnold-Schönberg-Center Vindobonae: Biographia, Opera, Imagines.] 
* [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/SchoenbergArnold/ Biographia.]

{{NexInt}}
* [[6-Z44]]
* [[4527 Schoenberg]] 

{{Anni vitae|1874|1951|Schoenberg, Arnoldus}}

[[Categoria:Clavilistae]]
[[Categoria:Compositores Austriae]]
[[Categoria:Compositores dodecaphonici et serialistici]]
[[Categoria:Compositores saltationum scaenicarum]]
[[Categoria:Musici Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Sepulturae in Zentralfriedhof]]
[[Categoria:Participes primi belli mundani]]

{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Buffalo</title>
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    <id>37473</id>
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        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
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      <text bytes="1215" sha1="g5wvf3mst7f1clwz6zj4molnx6mvcz2" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Buffalo NY City Hall.jpg|thumb|left|Municipium urbis Buffalo.]]

{{res|Buffalo}}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.eng.buffalo.edu/Commencement/2012/closingdeclaration/ Me haec duo milia duodecimo University PRINCIPIUM Universitatis ad Buffalo ut publice concludi.]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&quot; [sic]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cf. etiam adiectiva ''Buffalonensis'' in &quot;[[Universitas Buffalonensis]]&quot;, ''Buffaloensis'' in &quot;[[Circulus Latinus Buffaloensis]]&quot; et ''Buffalensis'' in {{CathHierDiocese|buff|Dioecesis Buffalensis}}&lt;/ref&gt; est urbs in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]], accurate secunda quod ad incolas pertinet in civitate [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]].

== Incolae notabiles ==
* [[Amanda Blake]], actrix

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo]]
*[[Canalis Eriensis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Buffalo, New York|Buffalonem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19960224032211/http://www.ci.buffalo.ny.us/ Pagina officialis] {{ling|Anglice}}

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Buffalo|!]]
[[Categoria:Canalis Eriensis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Index nominum Latinorum hominum praeclarorum</title>
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      <comment>/* O */</comment>
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      <text bytes="88581" sha1="5qgezpqdiczrgthtbbmox0vxv30610l" xml:space="preserve">{{Index imperfectus}}
'''Index nominum Latinorum praeclarorum hominum.'''—Homines [[antiquitas|aevo antiquo]], [[Medium Aevum|aevo medio]], [[Aevum litterarum artiumque renatarum|aevoque litterarum artiumque renatarum]] [[nomen proprium|nomina propria]] et [[patrius sermo|linguis vulgaribus]] et [[lingua Latina|nostra lingua]] habere solebant. Etiam nomina in [[sermo]]nibus in [[Europa]] ignotis Latine scribebantur. Hic est index aliquorum exemplorum:

__NOTOC__
{| border=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;toccolours&quot;
! Argumentum 
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
[[#A|A]] [[#B|B]] [[#C|C]] [[#D|D]] [[#E|E]] [[#F|F]] [[#G|G]] [[#H|H]] [[#I|I]] [[#J|J]] [[#K|K]] [[#L|L]] [[#M|M]] [[#N|N]] [[#O|O]] [[#P|P]] [[#Q|Q]] [[#R|R]] [[#S|S]] [[#T|T]] [[#U|U]] [[#V|V]] [[#W|W]] [[#X|X]] [[#Y|Y]] [[#Z|Z]]
|-
|}

== A ==
[[Fasciculus:St-thomas-aquinas.jpg|thumb|&lt;center&gt;[[Thomas Aquinas]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Johannes Aventinus.png|thumb|&lt;center&gt;[[Ioannes Aventinus]].]]
* [[Abubacer]] (Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail) (1105-1185)
* [[Abulcasis]] (Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi) (936–1013)
* [[Gregorius Abulpharagius]] (Grīghōr Abū'l-Faraǧ) (1226–1286)
* [[Ioannes Acascicamon]] (Akashi Takenori) (1569?–1618?)
* [[Acbarus (imperator)|Acbarus]] (Jalāl-ud-dīn Muhammad Akbar) (1542–1605)
* [[Valens Acidalius]] (Havekenthal) (1567–1595)
* [[Iacobus Acontius]] (Giacomo Aconcio) (mortuus circa annum [[1567]])
* [[Melchior Acontius]] (Melchior Volz) (1515-1569)
* [[Ioannes Acutus]] (John Hawkwood) (circa 1320-1394)
* [[Ioannes Adamius]] (John Adams) (1735-1826)
* [[Ioannes Quintius Adamius]] (John Quincy Adams) (1767-1848)
* [[Gustavus II Adolphus (rex Sueciae)|Gustavus II Adolphus]] (Gustav II Adolf Vasa) (1594-1632)
* [[Fridericus I (imperator)|Fridericus I]], dictus Aënobarbus (Friedrich I Hohenstaufen) (1122-1190)
* [[Iohannes Aepinus]] (Johann Hoeck, etiam Huck, Hugk, Hoch aut Äpinus) (circa annum [[1499]] -[[1553]])
* [[Iohannes Aesticampianus]] (Johannes Rak) (1457-1520)
* [[Leo Africanus]] (Al-Hassan al-Wazzan al-Fasi) (1492-1527)
* [[Georgius Agricola]] (Georg Pawer sive Bauer) (1494-1555)
* [[Rudolphus Agricola]] (Roelof Huysman) ([[1444]]-[[1485]])
* [[Dantes Alagherius]] (Dante Alighieri) (1265-1321)
* [[Albatenius]] (Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī) (circa 858– 929)
* [[Leo Baptista Albertus]] (Leone Battista Alberti) (1404-1472)
* [[Agrippa Albinaeus]] (Théodore-Agrippa d'Aubigné) (1552-1630)
* [[Bernardus Siegfriedus Albinus]] (Bernhard Siegfried Weiss) ([[1697]]-[[1770]])
* [[Albirunius]] (Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī) (973-1048)
* [[Andreas Alciatus]] (Andrea Alciato) (1492-1550)
* [[Hippolytus Aldobrandinius]] (Ippolito Aldobrandini aut Papa [[Clemens VIII (papa)|Clemens VIII]]) (1536-1605)
* [[Stephanus Aldoensis]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Stephanus Aldoensis, doctus Maronitarum patriarcha&quot; apud librum ''De vita et scriptis Sancti Jacobi, Batnarum Sarugi in Mesopotamia episcopi'' (Lovanii, 1867): 305 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_vita_et_scriptis_Sancti_Jacobi_Batnar/XSIYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Stephanus+Aldoensis&amp;pg=PA305&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Isṭifānūs al-Duwayhī) (1630-1704)
* [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]] (Ulisse Aldrovandi) ([[1522]]-[[1605]])
* [[Franciscus Alegrius|Franciscus Xaverius Alegrius]] (Francisco Javier Alegre) (1729-1788)
* [[Eberhardus Alemannus]] (Eberhard von Bremen) (XIII saeculum)
* [[Victorius Alfierius]] (Vittorio Alfieri) (1749-1803)
* [[Algorismus]] (Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī) (circa 750-circa 850)
* [[Alhazenus]] (Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham) (965-1040)
* [[Aliaptu]] (Öljaitü) (1282-1316)
* [[Franciscus Alidosius]] (Francesco Alidosi) ([[1455]]-[[1511]])
* [[Alexander Allorius]] (Alessandro Allori) (1535-1607)
* [[Andreas Alpagus]] (Andrea Alpago) (...-1521)
* [[Alpetragius]] (Nur ed-Din al-Betrugi) (XI saeculum-1204)
* [[Alpharabius]] (Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Fārābī) (ca. 872 – ca. 950)
* [[Amavangus]] (Dorgon) (1612-1650)
* [[Vitus Amerbachus]] (Veit Amerbach) (1503-1557)
* [[Amitrochates]] (Bindusara Amitraghata) (320 a.C.n. circa-272/268 a.C.n.)
* [[Ioannes Amorbachius]] (Johannes Welcker) (circa 1444 - 1513)
* [[Marcus Antonius Amulius]] (Marco Antonio da Mula) (1506-1572)
* [[Paulus Lucius Anafestus]] (Paoluccio Anafesto) (...-...)
* [[Marcus Antonius Amulius]] (Marcantonio Amulio) (1506-1572)
* [[Kyriacus Anconitanus de Picenicollibus]] (Ciriaco de'Pizzecolli) (1391–1452)
* [[Georgius de Ambasia]]&lt;ref&gt;cfr.[http://www.araldicavaticana.com/creati%20da%20paolo_iii1.htm]&lt;/ref&gt; (Georges d’Amboise) ([[1460]]-[[1510]])
* [[Andreas Ammonius]] (Andrea Ammonio) (1476-1517)
* [[Anselmus Cantuariensis]] (Anselmo d'Aosta / Anselm of Canterbury) (1033-1109)
* [[Antelmus Ciniensis]] (Anthelme de Belley) (1107-1178)
* [[Petreius Aperbacchus]] (Peter Eberbach) (1480-1531)
* [[Petrus Apianus]] (Peter Apian) (1495 -1552)
* [[Matthias Apiarius]] (Matthias Biener) (circa [[1500]]–[[1554]]) 
* [[Aquecius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; (Akechi Mitsuhide) (1528-1582) 
* [[Thomas Aquinas]] (Tommaso d'Aquino) (1225-1274)
* [[Iaser Arafatius]] (Yāsir ʿArafāt) (1929-2004)
* [[Ioanna Arcensis]] (Jehanne Darc) (1412-1431)
* [[Iosephus Arcimboldus]] (Giuseppe Arcimboldo) (1527-1593)
* [[Guido Aretinus]] (Guido d'Arezzo) (992-1050)
* [[Spinellus Aretinus|Spinellus Lucae Aretinus]] (Spinello Aretino) (1350 circa-1410)
* [[Leonardus Aretinus]] (Leonardo Bruni) (circa 1369-1444)
* [[Philippus Argelatus]] (Filippo Argelati) (1685 - 1755)
* [[Michaël Arimandonus]] (Arima Naozumi) (1586-1641)
* [[Protasius Arimondonus]] (Arima Harunobu) (1567-1612)
* [[Arminius]] (Hermann der Cherusker) (18 a.C.n.-19)
* [[Iacobus Arminius]] (Jacob Harmensz) (1560-1609)
* [[Benedictus Arnoldius]] (Benedict Arnold) (1741-1801)
* [[Arzachel]] (Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī) (1029-1087)
* [[Asonodangius]] (Asano Nagimasa) (1547-1611)
* [[Atabalipa]] (Atahualpa) (1502-1533)
* [[Ioannes Auratus]] (Jean Dinemandi aut Jean Dorat) ([[1508]]- [[1588]])
* [[Carolus Aurelianensis]] (Charles d'Orléans) (1394-1465)
* [[Andreas Auria]] (Andrea Doria) (1466-1560)
* [[Gulielmus Auriacus]] (Willem van Oranje) (1533-1584)
* [[Avempace]] (Ibn Bajjah) (1080-1138)
* [[Iohannes Avenarius]] (Johann(es) Habermann) ([[1516]]-[[1590]])
* [[Ioannes Aventinus]] (Johann Georg Turmair) ([[1477]]-[[1534]])
* [[Avenzoar]] (Abū Marwān ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Zuhr) (1091-1162)
* [[Averroës]] (Ibn Rušd) (1126-1198)
* [[Avicenna]] (Ibn Sina Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn) (980-1037)
* [[Maximus Azelius]] (Massimo d'Azeglio) (1798-1866)
* [[Ignatius Azevedius]] (Inácio de Azevedo) (1526-1570)
* [[Azilises]] (Ayiliṣa) (floruit 57 a.C.n.-35 a.C.n.)
* [[Azophi]] (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī) (903-986)

== B ==
[[Fasciculus:Bale1.JPG|thumb|&lt;center&gt;[[Ioannes Balaeus]]&lt;/center&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:Hendrik Hondius (I) 005.jpg|thumb|&lt;center&gt;[[Hieronymus Boschius (pictor)|Hieronymus Boschius]]&lt;/center&gt;]]
* [[Andreas Baccius]] (Andrea Bacci) (1524-1600)
* [[Ioannes Sebastianus Bachius|Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]] (Johann Sebastian Bach) (1685-1750)
*[[Franciscus Baco]],&lt;ref&gt;'''1662''' ''Fr. Baconis de Verulam. Angliae cancellarii De avgmentis scientiarvm lib. IX.''&lt;/ref&gt; seu Baconus seu Baconis de Verulamio''&lt;ref&gt;'''1662''' ''Fr. Baconi de Verulamio Historia naturalis &amp; experimentalis de ventis &amp;c.''&lt;/ref&gt; ''(Francis Bacon) (1561- 1626)
*[[Ioannes Antonius Baifius]] (Jean-Antoine de Baïf) (1532-1589)
*[[Ioannes Balaeus]] (John Bale) (1495-1563)
*[[Ioannes Balbus]] (Giovanni Balbi) (...-1298)
*[[Ioannes Ludovicus Guez de Balzac|Ioannes Ludovicus Guezius Balzacius]] (Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac) (1597-1654)
*[[Adrianus Bancherius]] (Adriano Banchieri) (1568-1634)
*[[Hermolaus Barbarus]] (Ermolao Barbaro) (1454-1493)
*[[Ariadenus Barbarussa]] (Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa) (circa 1466-1546)
*[[Ioannes Barclaius]] (John Barclay) (1582-1621)
*[[Gulielmus Barentsius]] (Willem Barentsoen) (circa 1550-1597)
*[[Casparus Barlaeus]] (Kaspar van Baerle) (1584-1648)
*[[Franciscus Barocius]] (Francesco Barozzi) (1537-1604)
*[[Fridericus Barocius]] (Federico Barocci) (1535-1612)
*[[Caesar Baronius]] (Cesare Baronio) (1538-1607)
*[[Ebrahimus Bassa]] (İbrāhīm Paşa) (1493 circa-1536)
*[[Adelardus Bathensis]] (Adelard of Bath) (circa 1080 - circa 1152)
*[[Andreas Bathoreus]] (Andrei Báthory) (1563-1599)
*[[Batus]] seu Bathus (Batu) (1205-1255)
*[[Gulielmus Baudartius]] (Willem Baudaert) (1565-1640)
*[[Casparus Bauhinus]] (Gaspard Bauhin) (1560-1624)
*[[Theodorus I (tzar Russiae)|Theodorus I Beatus]] (Fёdor I Ivanovič Blažennyj) (1557-1598)
*[[Franciscus Beaumontius]] (Francis Beaumont) (1584-1616)
*[[Iacobus Bedrotus]] (Jacob Bedrott) (1493 aut 1497-1541)
*[[Ludovicus Beethovenius]] (Ludwig van Beethoven) (1770-1827)
*[[Menachem Beginus]] (Menachem Begin) (1913-1992)
*[[Ulug Beigus]] sive Beighus (Mīrzā Muhammad Tāriq bin Schāhruch Ulugh Beg) (1394-1449)
*[[Ionas Beius]] (Yunus Bey) (...-1550/1551)
*[[Ioachimus Bellaius]] (Ioachim Du Bellay) (circa 1522-1560)
*[[Robertus Bellarminus]] (Roberto Bellarmino) (1542-1621)
*[[Petrus Bembus]] (Pietro Bembo) (1470-1547)
*[[Marcus Mantua Benavidius]] (Marco Mantova Benavides) (1489-1582)
*[[Philippus Benitius]] (Filippo Benizi) (1233-1285)
*[[Vitus Bering|Vitus Beringius]] (Vitus Bering) (1681-1741)
*[[Georgius Berkeley|Georgius Berkeleius]] (George Berkeley) (1685-1753)
*[[Silvius Berlusconius]] (Silvio Berlusconi) (1936-2023)
*[[Ioannes Laurentius Berninus]] (Gian Lorenzo Bernini) (1598-1680)
*[[Iohannes Bernoullius]] (Johann Bernoulli) (1667-1748)
*[[Xystus Betulius]] (Sixt Birck) (1501-1554)
*[[Sigismundus Betulius]] (Sigmund von Birken) (1626-1681)
*[[Theodorus Bibliander]] (Theodor Buchmann) (1509-1564)
*[[Iacobus Bifrons]] (Jachiam Bifrun) (1506-1572)
*[[Vannoccius Biringuccius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110320074507/http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/toc/toc.cgi?page=4;dir=agric_remet_001_la_1556;step=textonly Agricola, Georgius De re metallica 1556]&lt;/ref&gt; (Vannoccio Biringuccio) ([[1480]] -[[1537]])
*[[Otho Bismarckius]] (Otto von Bismarck) (1815-1898)
*[[Georgius Blandrata]] (Giorgio Biandrata) (1515 circa-1590 circa)
*[[Flavius Blondus]] (Flavio Biondo) (1388-1463)
*[[Boadicea]] (Boudicca) (circa annum 60)
*[[Iohannes Boccacius]] (Giovanni Boccaccio) (1313-1375)
*[[Samuel Bochartus]] (Samuel Bochartus) (1599-1667)
*[[Ioannes Bodinus]] (Jean Bodin) (1530-1596)
*[[Matthaeus Maria Boiardus]] (Matteo Maria Boiardo) (1441-1494)
*[[Ioannes Iacobus Boissardus]] (Jean-Jacques Boissard) (1528-1602)
*[[Anna Bolena]] (Anne Boleyn) (1507-1536)
*[[Perinus Bonaccursius]] (Piero Buonaccorsi, qui dicitur Perin del Vaga) (1501-1547)
*[[Lazarus Bonamicus]] (Lazzaro Buonamici) (1479-1552)
*[[Michael Angelus Bonarotius]] (Michelangelo Buonarroti) (1475-1564)
*[[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo Bonapars]] (Napoléon Bonaparte sed natus Napoleone di Buonaparte) (1769-1821)
*[[Hugo Boncompagnius]] (Ugo Boncompagni aut papa [[Gregorius XIII]]) (1502-1585)
*[[Giottus Bondonis]] (Giotto di Bondone) (1266/1267-1337)
*[[Howelus Bonus]] (Hywel Dda) (880-950)
*[[Carolus Borromeus]] (Carlo Borromeo) (1538-1584)
*[[Fridericus Borromeus]] (Federico Borromeo) (1564-1631)
*[[Hieronymus Boschius]] (Jeroen Anthoniszoon van Aken Bosch) (1450-1516)
*[[Hieronymus Boschius (poëta)|Hieronymus Boschius]] (Jeronimo de Bosch) (1740-1811)
*[[Bartholomaeus Boscovichius]] (Baro Bošković) (1699-1770)
*[[Rogerius Boscovicius|Rogerius Iosephus Boscovicius]] (Ruđer Josip Bošković) (1711-1787)
*[[Paulus Bosellius]] (Paolo Boselli) (1838-1932)
*[[Alexander Botticellus]] (Alessandro Mariani Vanni Filipepi, qui dicitur Sandro Botticelli) (1445-1510)
*[[Carolus Boucheronus]] (Carlo Boucheron) (1773-1838)
*[[Carolus Bovillus]] (Charles de Bouelles) ([[1476]] - [[1566]])
*[[Marcus Zuerius Boxhornii]] (Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn) ([[1612]] - [[1653]])
*[[Poggius Bracciolinus]] (Poggio Bracciolini) (1380-1459)
*[[Iacobus Bradleius]] (James Bradley) (1692 circa-1762)
*[[Marcus Antonius Bragadinus]] (Marcantonio Bragadin) (1523-1571)
*[[Tycho Brahe]]&lt;ref&gt;Sed etiam ''Braheus'' seu ''Braheorum'' seu Tycho de Brahe&lt;/ref&gt; seu Braheus (Tyge Ottesen Brahe) (1546 -1601)
*[[Donatus Bramantius]] (Donato Bramante) (1444-1514)
*[[Ioannes Angelus Braschius]] (Giovanni Angelo Braschi aut Papa [[Pius VI]]) (1717-1799)
*[[Iohannes Brassicanus]] (Johannes Kölli, Köl, Kohl, Koehl) (post annum [[1475]] - [[1514]])
*[[Ormus Ioannis filius|Ormus Breidabolstadicus]] (Ormur Jónsson Breiðbælingur) (saeculum 12-1218)
*[[Iohannes Brentius]] (Johannes Brenz) ([[1499]] -[[1570]])
*[[Aristides Briandus]] (Aristide Briand) (1862-1932)
*[[Plautilla Briccia]] (Plautilla Bricci) (1616-1705)
*[[Ioannes Briccius]] (Giovanni Briccio) (1579-1645)
*[[Guillelmus Brito|Gullelmus Brito]] (Guillaume le Breton) (circa 1165-1226)
*[[Germanus Brixius]] (Germain de Brie) ([[1490]] - [[1538]])
*[[Angelus Bronzinus]] (Agnolo Bronzino) (1503-1572)
*[[Miecislaus Broscius]] (Mieczysław Brożek) (1911-2000)
*[[Philippus Brunelleschi|Philippus Brunelleschius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. Ianotii Manetti ''De dignitate et excellentia hominis'': (...) quanto mentis acumine Philippus, cognomento ''Brunelleschius'', architectorum omnium nostri temporis facile princeps.&lt;/ref&gt; (Filippo Brunelleschi) (1377-1446)
*[[Iordanus Brunus]] (Giordano Bruno) (1548-1600)
*[[Franciscus Brusonus]] (Francesco Brusoni) (1465/1470-1536)
*[[Gabriel Bucelinus]] (Gabriel Buzlin) (1599-1681)
*[[Martinus Bucerus]] (Martin Butzer) (1491 - 1551)
*[[Arnoldus Buchelius]] (Aernout van Buchel) (1565-1641)
*[[Guglielmus Budaeus]] (Guillaume Budé) (1468-1540)
*[[Melchior Bugendonus]] (Kumagai Motonao) (1555-1605)
*[[Ismaël Bullialdus]] (Ismaël Boulliau) (1605-1691)
*[[Henricus Bullingerus]] (Heinrich Bullinger) (1504-1575)
*[[Vincentius Buneus]] (Vice Bune) (1559-1612)
*[[Burchardus Wormatiensis]] (Burchard von Worms) (965-1025)
*[[Iohannes Burckardus]] (Johannes Burckard) (circa annum [[1450]] -[[1506]])
*[[Camillus Burghesius]] (Camillo Borghese aut papa [[Paulus V]])
*[[Petrus de Burgo]] (Piero della Francesca) (1416/1417-1492)
*[[Ioannes Buridanus]] (Jean Buridan) (1290/1300-post 1358)
*[[Margarita Maria Burgunda]] (Marguerite-Marie Alacoque) (1647-1690)
*[[Ioannes Burmannus]] (Johannes Burman) ([[1706]] -[[1779]])
**[[Nicolaus Laurentius Burmannus]] (Nicolaas Laurens Burman) ([[1734]] -[[1793]])
*[[Augerius Gislenius Busbequius]] (Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq) (ante 1522-1592)
*[[Buddha|Butta]]&lt;ref&gt;Nomen invenitur in [[Clemens Alexandrinus|Clementis Alexandrini]] ''Miscellaneis'' 1.15.71.6, &quot;εἰσὶ δὲ τῶν Ἰνδῶν οἱ τοῖς Βούττα πειθόμενοι παραγγέλμασιν.&quot; ('sunt apud Indos qui Buttae praecepta sequuntur').&lt;/ref&gt; (Siddhārtha Gautama vel Buddha) (566 a.C.n.-486 a.C.n.)
*[[Aetius Buxus]] (Ezio Bosso) (1971-2020)

== C ==
[[Fasciculus:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Nicolaus Copernicus]]
[[Fasciculus:Caterina Cornaro - Queen of Cyprus.jpg|thumb|273x273px|Catharina Cornara]]
* [[Ioannes Cabottus]] (Giovanni Caboto) (1450-1498/1500)
* [[Cacubau]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Berhardus Varenius, ''Tractatus in quo agitur de Japoniorum religione, de Christianae religionis introductione in ea loca, de eiusdem exstirpatione'' (Amstelodami 1649): 17 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Tractatus_in_quo_agitur_de_Japoniorum_re/6P1AAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=cacubau+Combadaxi&amp;pg=PA17&amp;printsec=frontcove].&lt;/ref&gt; (Kakuban) (1095-1144)
* [[Aloisius Cadamustus]] (Alvise Ca' Da Mosto) (circa 1430-1483)
* [[Andreas Caesalpinus]] (Andrea Cesalpino) (1519-1603)
* [[Iosephus Caesar Arpinas]] (Giuseppe Cesari, qui dicitur Cavalier d'Arpino) (1568-1640)
* [[Cainocamus]] (Kuroda Nagamasa) (1568-1623)
* [[Ioannes Caius]] (John Kees) (1510-1573)
* [[Calid]] (Khalid ibn Yazid) (?-704)
* [[Philippus Callimachus Experiens]] (Filippo Buonaccorsi) (1437-1497)
* [[Ioannes Calvinus]] (Jean Cauvin) (1509-1564)
* [[Sethus Calvisius]] (Seth Kalwitz) (1556-1615)
* [[Cambacudonus]] (Toyotomi Hidetsugu) (1568-1595)
* [[Arnulphus de Cambio]] (Arnolfo di Cambio) (1235 circa-1302 circa)
* [[Gulielmus Camdenus]] (William Camdem) (1551-1623)
* [[Georgius Iosephus Camellus]] (Georg Joseph Kamel) (1661-1706)
* [[Ioachim Camerarius Senior]] (Joachim Kammermeister) (1500-1574)
* [[Laurentius Campeggius]] (Lorenzo Campeggio) (1474-1539)
* [[Ioannes Bruyerinus Campegius]] (Jean Bruyerin Champier) (circa 1500-circa 1565)
* [[Samuel Camplenius]] (Samuel de Champlain) (1574-1635)
* [[Ludovicus Camonius]] (Luís Vaz de Camões) (1524-1580)
* [[Alexander V (antipapa)|Petrus de Candia]] (Pietro di Candia aut Antipapa Alexander V) (1339-1410)
* [[Petrus Canisius]] (Pieter Kanijs) (1521-1597)
* [[Serbanus Cantacuzenus]] (Șerban Cantacuzino) (1640 circa-1688)
* [[Demetrius Cantemirius]] (Dimitrie Cantemir) (1673-1723)
* [[Augustinus Cantuariensis]] (Augustine of Canterbury) (534-604)
* [[Canzuiendonus]] (Katō Kiyomasa, cuius titulus erat Kazue-no-Kami) (1562-1611)
* [[Hugo Capetius]] (Hugues Capet) (939-996)
* [[Wolfgangus Fabricius Capito]] (Wolfgang Köpfel) ([[1478]]–[[1541]])
* [[Ioannes Capnio]] (Johannes Reuchlin) (1455-1522)
* [[Samuel Fridericus Capricornus]] (Samuel Friedrich Bockshorn) ([[1628]]-[[1665]])
* [[Franciscus Caracciolus]]&lt;ref&gt;Vincentius Gioberti, ''Vita di Fra Lorenzo Ganganelli, Papa Clemente XIV'' (Romae et Lausannae 1847): 187 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Vita_di_Fra_Lorenzo_Ganganelli_Papa_Clem/TXc9AQAAMAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=franciscum+caracciolum&amp;pg=RA1-PA186&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Francesco Caracciolo) (1563-1608)
* [[Michael Angelus Caravagius]] (Michelangelo Merisi, qui dicitur Caravaggio) (1571-1610)
* [[Hieronymus Cardanus]] (Gerolamo Cardano) (1501-1576)
* [[Iosue Carduccius]] (Giosuè Carducci) (1835-1907)
* [[Andreas Carlostadius]] (Andreas Rudolf Bodenstein aut Andreas Rudolff-Bodenstein) ([[1482]]-[[1541]]) 
* [[Augustinus Carraccius]] (Agostino Carracci) (1557-1602) 
* [[Hannibal Carraccius]] (Annibale Carracci) (1560-1609) 
* [[Ludovicus Carraccius]] (Ludovico Carracci) (1555-1619) 
* [[Carolus Magnus]] ([[imperator]]) (Charlemagne) (742-814)
* [[Victor Carpathius]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Victor Carpathius venetus pinxit MDXVIIII&quot;; Ioannes Antonius Moschini, ''Giovanni Bellini e pittori contemporanei'' (1834): 94 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Giovanni_Bellini_e_pittori_contemporanei/p8lWAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Victor+Carpathius&amp;pg=PA94&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Vittore Carpaccio) (1465-1520)
* [[Carolus Carrollius Carrolltoniae]] (Charles Carroll of Carrollton) (1737-1832)
* [[Renatus Cartesius]] (René Descartes) (1596-1650)
* [[Michael Carvallius]] (Miguel de Carvalho) (1579-1624)
* [[Isaacus Casaubonus]] (Isaac Casaubon) (1559-1614)
* [[Bartholomaeus Casaus]] (Bartolomé de las Casas) (1484-1566) 
* [[Ioannes Caselius]] (Johannes Bracht) (1533-1613)
* [[Petrus Castellanus]] (Pierre du Chastel) (circa 1480-1552)
* [[Branda Castellioneus]] (Branda Castiglioni) (ante 1360-1443)
* [[Ranulphus Castrensis]] (Ranulf Higden) (1280 circa-1364)
* [[Sebastianus Castellio]] (Sébastien Châtillon) (1515-1563)
* [[Gulielmus Caulius]] (Guillaume du Choul) (1495/1500-1560)
* [[Caupolicanus]] (Kallfülikan) (saeculum XVI-1568)
* [[Pomponius Cecius]] (Pomponio Ceci) (circa 1500-1542)
*[[Christophorus Cellarius]] (Christoph Keller) (1634-1707)
* [[Conradus Celtis]] (Konrad Pickel) ([[1459]]-[[1508]])
* [[Beatrix Cencia]] (Beatrice Cenci) (1577-1599)
* [[Aelius Lampridius Cervinus]] (Ilija Crijević aut Elio Lampridio Cerva)
* [[Melchior Cesarottus]] (Melchiorre Cesarotti) (1730-1808)
* [[Ceteus]] (Malayketu) (IV saeculum a.C.n.)
* [[Ioannes Franciscus Champollio]] (Jean-François Champollion) (1790-1832)
* [[Georgius Chapmanus]] (George Chapman) (1559 circa-1634)
* [[Charamostis]] (Kharamosta) (…-...)
* [[Martinus Chemnitius]] (Martin Chemnitz) (1522-1586)
* [[Ioannes Iacobus Chiffletius]] (Jean-Jacques Chifflet) (1588-1673)
* [[Chingus]] (Qín Shǐ Huáng) (259 a.C.n.-210 a.C.n.)
* [[Bogdanus Chmielnicius]] (Bohdan Chmel'nyc'kyj) (circa 1595-1657)
* [[Nicolaus Chorerius]] (Nicolas Chorier) (1612-1692)
* [[David Chytraeus]] (David Kochhafe) ([[1530]]–[[1600]])
* [[Ioannes Cincinnius]] (Johannes Kruyshaer) (1485-1555)
* [[Cingischam]] (Činggis Qaɣan sed natus Temüjin) (probabiliter 1162–1227)
* [[Geraldus Cinthius]] (Giambattista Giraldi) (1504-1573)
* [[Nicolaus Cisnerus]] (Nikolaus Kistner) (1529-1583)
* [[Henricus Citharoedus]] (Hendrik Herp) (ca. 1405–1478)
* [[Franciscus Ciuan]] (Ōtomo Sōrin) (1530-1587)
* [[Petrus Ciunangodonus]] (Oda Hidenobu) (1580-1605)
* [[Nicolaus de Clamengiis]] (Nicolas de Clamanges aut Clémanges) (circa 1360–1435/40)
* [[Christophorus Clavius]] (Christoph Clau) (1537/1538-1612))
* [[Alexius (tzar Russiae)|Alexius Clementissius]] (Aleksej Michajlovič Tišajšij) (1629-1676)
* [[Bernardus Clesius]] (Bernardo Clesio aut Bernhard von Cles) (1485-1539)
* [[Hilaria Clintonia]] (Hillary Clinton) (1947-)
* [[DeWitt Clintonius]] (DeWitt Clinton) (1769-1828)
* [[Henricus Clintonius]] (Henry Clinton) (1738-1795)
* [[Carolus Clusius]] (Charles de l’Écluse) (1526-1609)
* [[Christophorus Clavius]] (scilicet Christoph Clau) (1537/38–1612)
* [[Philippus Cluverius]] (Philipp Clüver etiam Klüwer, Cluwer, aut Cluvier) ([[1580]]–[[1623]]) 
* [[Chlodovechus|Chlodovechus I]] (Clodovech/Chlodwig, [[Franci|Francorum]] rex) (466–511)
* [[Ioannes Churchillus (dux Marlburiensis)|Ioannes Churchillus, dux Malburiensis]] (John Churchill) (1650-1722)
* [[Scipio Cobellutius]] (Scipione Cobelluzzi) (1564-1616)
* [[Cobila]] (Kublai Khan) (1215-1294)
* [[Ioannes Cocceius]] (Johannes Koch) (1603-1669)
* [[Ioannes Cochanovius]] (Jan Kochanowski) (1530–1584)
* [[Ioannes Cochlaeus]] (Johannes Dobeneck) (1479–1552)
* [[Collimitius]] (Georg Tannstetter) (1482–1535)
* [[Antonius de Allegris Corigiensis]] (Antonio Allegri, il Correggio) (circa 1489-1534)
* [[Antonius Cornazzanus|Antonius Cornazzarus]] (Antonio Cornazzaro) (circa 1430-1484)
* [[Christophorus Columbus]] (Cristoforo Colombo) ([[1451]]–[[1506]])
* [[Realdus Columbus]] (Matteo Realdo Colombo) (1516-1559)
* [[Franciscus Columna]] (Francesco Colonna) (1433-1527)
* [[Victoria Columna]] (Vittoria Colonna) (1490/1492-1547)
* [[Combodasci]]&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Bartoli, ''De Vita et gestis S. Francisci Xaverii'' (Lugduni 1666): 149 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Vita_Et_Gestis_S_Francisci_Xaverii_E/hzllAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=De+Vita+et+gestis+S.+Francisci+Xaverii+Combodafci&amp;pg=PA149&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; seu Combadaxi&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; (Kūkai, qui dicitur Kōbō Daishi) (774-835)
* [[Iohannes Amos Comenius]] (Jan Amos Komenský) ([[1592]]–[[1670]])
* [[Philippus Cominaeus]] (Philippe de Commynes) (1447-1511)
* [[Natalis de Comitibus]] seu Natalis Comes (Natale Conti) (circa 1520-1582)
* [[Ioannes Commelinus]] (Jan Commelin) (1623-1690)
* [[Confucius]] (Kǒng Fū Zǐ) (551–[[479 a.C.n.]])
* [[Hermannus Conringlus]] (Hermann Conrin) ([[1606]]–[[1681]])
* [[Terrentius Constantiensis]] (natus Johann Schreck) ([[1576]]–[[1630]])
* [[Matthaeus Contarellus]] (natus Matthieu Cointerel) ([[1519]]–[[1585]])
* [[Hermannus Contractus]] (Hermann von Reichenau) ([[1013]]–[[1054]]) 
* [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] (Nikolaus Koppernigk) ([[1473]]–[[1543]])
* [[Andreas Corsalius]] (Andrea Corsali) (1487-...)
* [[Catharina Cornara (regina Cypri)|Catharina Cornara]] (Caterina Cornaro) (1454-1510)
* [[Ianus Cornarius]] (Simon Haynpol) ([[1500]]–[[1588]])
* [[Nicolaus Corderius]] (Nicolas Cordier) (1567-1612)
* [[Maturinus Corderius]] (Mathurin Cordier) (circa annum [[1480]]–[[1564]]) 
* [[Euricius Cordus]] (Heinrich Ritze) ([[1486]]–[[1535]])
* [[Archangelus Corellius]] (Arcangelo Corelli) (1653-1713)
* [[Ferdinandus Cortesius]] (Hernán Cortés) (1485-1547)
* [[Gregorius Cortesius]] (Giovanni Andrea Cortese) (1483-1548)
* [[Franciscus Corticius]] (Francesco Corteccia) ([[1502]]–[[1571]])
* [[Laurentius Corvinus]] (Lorenz Rabe) ([[1465]]–[[1527]])
* [[Matthias Corvinus]] (Hunyadi Mátyás) (1443-1490)
* [[Thaddaeus Cosciusco]] (Tadeusz Kościuszko) (1746-1817)
* [[Hieronymus Cotendadonus]] (Koteda Yasukazu) (1553-XVII saeculum)
* [[Sanctus Patricius|Magonus Succetus Patricius Cothirthiacus]] (Maewyin Succat) (385-461)
* [[Ioannes Craigius]] (John Craig) (...-1620)
* [[Gerardus Cremonensis]] (Gerardo da Cremona) ([[1114]]–[[1187]])
* [[Oliverius Cromwellus]] (Oliver Cromwell) (1599-1658)
* [[Nicolaus Samuelis Cruquius]] (Nicolaas aut Klaas Kruik) ([[1678]]–[[1754]])
* [[Martinus Crusius]] (Martin Kraus) (1526–1607)
* [[Balthasar Crusius]] (Balthasar Kraus) (1550–1630)
* [[Raymundus Cunichius]] (Rajmund Kunić) (1719-1794)
* [[Ioachim Cureus]] seu Curaeus (Joachim Scheer) (1532-1573)
* [[Coelius Secundus Curio]] (Celio Secondo Curione) (1503-1569)
* [[Nicolaus Cusanus]] (Nikolaus von Kues) (1401–1464)
* [[Ioannes Cuspinianus]] (Johannes Spießheimer) (1473–1529)
* [[Georgius Cuvier|Georgius Leopoldus Christianus Fredericus Dagobertus Cuvierius]] aut breviter Georgius Cuvierius (Georges Cuvier) (1769-1832)
* [[Henricus Cuyckius]] (Hendrik van Cuyk) (1546-1609)

== D ==
[[Fasciculus:Dürer - Selbstbildnis im Pelzrock - Alte Pinakothek.jpg|thumb|Albertus Durerus]]
* [[Ieiasus Daifusama]] (Tokugawa Ieyasu) (1543-1616)
* [[Iacobus Dalechampius]] (Jacques Daléchamps) (1513-1588)
* [[Dajondonus]] (Matsunaga Hisahide) (1508-1577)
*[[Henricus Dandulus]] (Enrico Dandolo) (circa 1107-1205)
* [[Carolus Darwinius]] (Charles Darwin) (1809-1882)
*[[Leonardus Dathius]] (Leonardo Dati) (1408-1472)
*[[Augustinus Datus|Augustinus Dathus]] (Agostino Dati) (1420/1421-1478)
*[[Nicolaus de Albergatis]] (Niccolò Albergati) [[cardinalis]] ([[1375]]-[[1443]])
*[[Petrus de Alliarco]] (Pierre d'Ailly) [[cardinalis]] ([[1351]]-[[1420]])
*[[Iacobus de Cessolis]] (Jacopo da Cessole) (circa annum [[1250]] - circa annum [[1322]])
*[[Ioannes de Lapide]] (Johannes Heynlin) ([[1430]] –[[1496]])
*[[Petrus Candidus Decembrius]] (Pier Candido Decembrio) (1399-1477)
*[[Iohannes Decumanus]] (Johannes Zehender) (1564-1613)
*[[Demetrius Tanaiticus]] (Dmitrij Donskoj) (1350-1389)
*[[Porphyrius Diazius]] (Porfirio Díaz) (1830-1915)
*[[Dionysius Diderotus]] (Denis Diderot) (1713-1784)
*[[Kenelmus Digbius]] (Kenelme Digby) (1603-1665)
*[[Gabriel Divutius]] (Gabriel von Dievoet) (1875-1934)
*[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]] (Rembert Dodoens) (1517-1585)
*[[Stephanus Doletus]] (Estienne Dolet) (1509-1546)
*[[Donatellus Florentinus]] (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, Donatello) (1386-1466)
*[[Caietanus Donizettus]] (Gaetano Donizetti) (1797-1848)
*[[Ianus Dousa]] (Jan van der Does) ([[1545]]-[[1604]])
*[[Franciscus Drakus]] (Francis Drake) (circa annum [[1540]]-[[1596]])
*[[Dreses]] (Muḥammad al-Idrīsī) (1099-1164 circa)
*[[Franciscus Dryander]] (Francisco de Enzinas) (1518 circa-1552)
*[[Robertus Duraeus Fortunatus]] (Robert Dure, dit Fortunat) (?-1527)
*[[Albertus Durerus]] (Albrecht Dürer) (1471-1528)

== E ==
* [[Ebenbitar]] (Ibn al-Baiṭār) (1190-1248)
* [[Sveinbjörnus Egil filius|Sveinbjörnus Egilssonius]] (Sveinbjörn Egilsson) (1791-1852)
* [[Iohannes Sylvius Egranus]] (Johannes Wildenauer) (...-1535)
* [[Laurentius Eichstadius]] (Lorentz Eichstadt) (1596-1660)
* [[Engentinus]] (Philipp Engelbrecht) (1490-1528)
* [[Desiderius Erasmus]] (Gerrit Gerritszoon) (1466-1536)
* [[Thomas Erastus]] (Thomas Lieber aut Lüber) (1524-1583)
* [[Leifus Erissonius]] (Leifr Eiríksson) (circa 970-circa 1020)
* [[Ianus Nicius Erythraeus]] (Gian Vittorio Rossi) (1570-1647)
* [[Thomas Erpenius]] (Thomas van Erpe) (1584-1624)
* [[Hippolytus Estensis]] (Ippolito d'Este) (1479-1520)
* [[Leonhardus Eulerus]] (Leonhard Euler) (1701-1783)
* [[Bartholomaeus Eustachius]] (Bartolomeo Eustachi) (circa annum 1510-1574)

== F ==
[[Fasciculus:Portrait of Marsilio Ficino at the Duomo Firence 2.jpg|thumb|Marsilius Ficinus]]
* [[Basilius Faber]] (Basilius Schmidt) (circa annum [[1520]]–[[1576]]) 
* [[Henricus Faber]] aut Henricus Fabri (Heinrich Schmidt) (circa annum [[1490]]–[[1552]]) 
* [[Iacobus Faber Stapulensis]] (Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples) ([[1450]]/[[1455|55]]-[[1536]])
* [[Petrus Faber]] (Pierre Favre) ([[1506]]-[[1546]])
* [[Balthasar Fabricius]] (Balthasar Vach) ([[1478]]-[[1541]])
* [[Georgius Fabricius]] (Georg Goldschmidt) ([[1516]]–[[1571]])
* [[Gulielmus Fabricius Hildanus]] (Wilhelm Fabry) ([[1560]]-[[1634]])
* [[Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente]] (Girolamo Fabrizio) (1537-1619)
* [[Iohannes Fabricius Montanus]] (Johannes Schmid) (1527-1566)
* [[Theodosius Fabricius]] (Theodor Faber) (1560 - 1597)
* [[Bartholomaeus Facius]] (Bartolomeo Facio) (1400-1457)
* [[Ioannes Faesulanus]], dictus Angelicus (Beato Angelico sed natus Guido di Pietro) (1395 circa-1455)
* [[Sigismundus Fagilucus]] (Sigismund Buchwald) (1483 -ante annum 1510)
* [[Gabriel Fallopius]] (Gabriele Falloppio) ([[1523]]-[[1562]])
* [[Guido Fawkes|Guido Falxius]] seu Fauxus&lt;ref&gt;Nomen apud Ioannem Miltonum:

&quot;Cum simul in regem nuper satrapasque Britannos
Ausus es infandum, perfide Fauxe''',''' nefas…&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; (Guy Fawkes) (1570-1606)
* [[Ioannes Faramondus]] (Hara Tanenobu, cuius titulus erat &quot;Mondo-no-Suke&quot;) (1587-1623)
* [[Prosper Farinaccius]] (Prospero Farinacci) (1544-1618)
* [[Alexander Farnesius (dux Parmae et Placentiae)|Alexander Farnesius]], dux Parmae et Placentiae (Alessandro Farnese) (1545-1592)
* [[Eduardus Farnesius]] (Odoardo Farnese) (1612-1646)
* [[Fascegava Gonrocuus]] (Hasegawa Fujimasa, seu Gonroku) (...-1630)
* [[Fasciegaua Safiogius]] (Hasegawa Fujihirō, seu Sahyōe) (1567-1617)
* [[Faxecura Rocuyemon]] (Hasekura Rokuemon) (1571-1622)
* [[Iustinus Febronius]] (Joannes Nikolaus ab Honthemio) (1711-1790)
* [[Ioannes Fernelius]] (Jean François Fernel) (1497-1558)
* [[Iohannes Ferrarius]] aut Ferrarius Montanus (Johannes Eisermann) (circa annum [[1486]]–[[1558]])
* [[Ludovicus Ferrarius]] (Ludovico Ferrari) (1522-1565)
* [[Marsilius Ficinus]] (Marsilio Ficino) (1433-1499)
* [[Orontius Finaeus]] (Oronce Finé) (1494-1555)
* [[Leo Findadonus]] (Gamō Ujisato) (1556-1595)
* [[Normanus Finkelsteinius]] (Norman G. Finkelstein) (1953)
* [[Thomas Finkius]] (Thomas Fincke) (1561-1656)
* [[Andreas Fiocchus]] (Andrea Fiocchi) (…-ante 1452)
* [[Armen Firman]] (Abbas Qasim Ibn Firnas) (810-887)
* [[Matthias Flacius]] (Matija Vlačić) (1520-1575)
* [[Nicolaus Flamellus]] (Nicolas Flamel) (ca. 1330-1417)
* [[Ioannes Fletcherus]] (John Fletcher) (1579-1625)
* [[Rubeus Florentinus]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rubeus Florentinus inven.&quot; apud [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Notices_of_engravers_and_their_works_the/VKzjQ3NLkLMC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=rubeus+florentinus&amp;pg=PP50&amp;printsec=frontcover librum] Gulielmi Young Ottley nuncupatur.&lt;/ref&gt; (Rosso Fiorentino) (1494-1540)
* [[Petrus Forestus]] (Pieter van Foreest) (1521-1597)
* [[Hieronymus Fracastorius]] (Girolamo Fracastoro) (ca. [[1478]]-[[1513]])
* [[Ioannes Fragosus]] (Juan Fragoso) (circa 1530-1597)
* [[Augustus Hermannus Franckius]] (August Hermann Francke) (1663-1727)
* [[Hieronymus Frescobaldus]] (Girolamo Frescobaldi) (1583-1643)
* [[Iohannes Freinsheimius]] (Johann Freinsheim) (1608-1660)
* [[Gemma Frisius]] (Reiner Gemma) (1508-1555)
* [[Iohannes Frobenius]] (Johann Froben) (circa 1460 - 1527)
* [[Ioannes Froissartius]] (Jean Froissart) (1337-1404)
* [[Vannes Fuccius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [https://books.google.it/books?id=6RNFAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA94&amp;lpg=PA94&amp;dq=Vannes+Fuccius&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=W_tO8dehHZ&amp;sig=ACfU3U1OjKEzCPl6V33tdgZLy7e_JaeUzQ&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjcgdf_iOPzAhWM66QKHWhmBeMQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Vannes%20Fuccius&amp;f=false ''Dantis Alligherii Divina comoedia hexametris latinis reddita ab abbate dalla Piazza, Vicentino''], p. 94.&lt;/ref&gt; (Vanni Fucci) (...-post 1295 sed ante 1300)
* [[Leonhartus Fuchsius]] (Leonhart Fuchs) (1501-1566)
* [[Fucuscimandonus]] (Fukushima Masanori) (1561-1624)
* [[Oquaxen Fungedonus]] (Oda Nobukatsu) (1558-1630)

== G ==
[[Fasciculus:Janæ Graiæ, PA01244.jpg|thumb|Iana Graia]]
[[Fasciculus:Flickr - Yale Law Library - JX 2093.A1 1670.jpg|thumb|Hugo Grotius]]
*[[Franchinus Gaffurius]] (Franchino Gaffori aut Gaffurio aut Gafori) (1451 -1522)
*[[Robertus Gaguinus]] (Robert Gaguin) (1433-1501)
*[[Galilaeus Galilaei]] (Galileo Galilei) (1564-1642)
*[[Iacobus Gallus]] (Jacob Handl) (1550-1591)
*[[Aloisius Galvanus]] (Luigi Galvani) (1737-1798)
*[[Galvarinus]] (Kalwarëngo seu Kallfürüngi) (1490-1557)
*[[Vascus Gama]] (Vasco da Gama) (1469-1524)
*[[Ioannes Gandavensis]] (John of Gaunt) (1340-1399)
*[[Iustus Gandavinus]] (Joos van Wassenhove) (circa 1410-circa 1480)
*[[Iosephus Garibaldius]] (Giuseppe Garibaldi) (1807-1882)
*[[Achilles Pirminius Gassarus]] (Achilles Pirminius Gasser) (1505 -1577)
*[[Geber]] (Ǧābir ibn Hayyān) (721-815)
*[[Sigismundus Gelenius]] (Zikmund Hrubý z Jelení) ([[1497]]-[[1554]])
*[[Augustinus Gemuseus]] (Augustin Gschmus) (1490-1543)
*[[Artemisia Gentilescia]] (Artemisia Gentileschi) (1593-1654)
*[[Horatius Gentilescius]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;HORATIVS GENTILESCIVS, ITAL. PICTOR HVMANARVM FIGVRARVM, IN ANGLIA&quot;, sub [https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.10780.html hoc imaginem] pictoris.&lt;/ref&gt; (Orazio Gentileschi) (1563-1639)
*[[David Georgius]] (David Joris) (1501/1502-1556)
*[[Franciscus Georgius]] (Francesco Zorzi) (1466-1540)
*[[Conradus Gesnerus]] (Conrad Gessner) ([[1516]]–[[1565]])
*[[Iohannes Gesnerus]] (Johannes Gessner) ([[1709]]–[[1790]])
*[[Gersonides]] (Levi ben Gershom) (1288-1344)
*[[Thaddaeus Gaddi|Thaddaeus Ghaddus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Quid dicam de viris excellentibus in pictura ut fuit Joctus ac Thomas Masacius, Stephanus Symia, Thadeus Ghaddus ...&quot;; ''Opusculum de mirabilibus novae et veteris urbis Romae'' (1519): 96 [https://books.google.it/books?id=36hSAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA96&amp;lpg=PA96&amp;dq=thadeus+ghaddus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=8BfAOwEH6v&amp;sig=ACfU3U3v09077otzuIqvFZMbhzRxDGHK0Q&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiCqdfJkpP0AhWD3KQKHWl5D7UQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=thadeus%20ghaddus&amp;f=false].&lt;/ref&gt; (Taddeo Gaddi) (1300 circa-1366)
*[[Ghenifoin]] vel Genefoin&lt;ref&gt;Ludovicus Frois, ''De rebus Iaponicis historica relatio'' (Moguntiae, 1599): 115 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_rebus_Iaponicis_historica_relatio/qMYWAAAAQAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Genefoin&amp;pg=PA115&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Maeda Gen'i, seu Gen'i Hōin) (1539-1602)
*[[Gibunoscius]] (Ishida Mitsunari) (1559-1600)
*[[Iohannes Gigas]] (Johannes Hüne) (1514-1581)
*[[Dominicus Girlandaeus|Dominicus Girlandeus]] (Domenico Ghirlandaio) (1449-1494)
*[[Christophorus Willibaldus Gluckius]] (Christoph Willibald Gluck) (1714-1787)
*[[Ioannes Georgius Gmelin]] (Johann Georg Gmelin) (1709-1755)
*[[Ioannes Volfgangus Goethius]] (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) (1749-1832)
*[[Carolus Goldonius]] (Carlo Goldoni) (1707-1793)
*[[Iacobus Golius]] (Jacob van Gool) (1596–1667)
*[[Theodorus Golovinius]] (Fëdor Golovin) (1867-1937)
*[[Hendricus Goltius]] (Hendrick Goltzius) (1588-1616/1617)
*[[Agenor Maria Goluchowskius]]&lt;ref&gt;''Vox Urbis'', ann. VI, n. III (Romae, 1903): 27 [https://arxlatina.org/pegmata/periodica/voxurbis/VoxUrbis.1903.ann06.num03.Kal_Feb.vat.pdf].&lt;/ref&gt; (Agenor Maria Gołuchowski) (1849-1921)
*[[Iohannes Oger Gombaldus]] (Jean Ogier de Gombauld, sive Gombault) (1576-1666)
*[[Alexander Gorciakofius]] (Aleksandr Michajlovič Gorčakov) (1798-1883)
*[[Abrahamus Gorlaeus]] (Abraham van Goorle) (1549-1608)
*[[Iohannes Goropius Becanus]] (Jan Gerartsen) (1519-1572)
*[[Gotondonus]] (Gotō Harumasa) (1548-1612)
*[[Laurentius Grimalius Goslicius|Laurentius Gromalius Goslicius]] (Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki) (1538-1607)
*[[Dionysius Gothofredus]] (Denis Godefroy) (1549-1622)
*[[Ioannes Christophorus Gottschedius]] (Johann Christoph Gottsched) (1700-1766)
*[[Iohannes Georgius Graevius]] (Johann Georg Graeve seu Graef) (1632-1703)
*[[Antonius Gramscius]] (Antonio Gramsci) (1891-1937)
*[[Iana Graia]] (Jane Grey) (1534-1554)
*[[Ulysses S. Grantius]] (Ulysses S. Grant) (1822-1885)
*[[Iacobus Greselius]] (Jakob Gresel) (1483-1552)
*[[Franciscus Griffus]] (Francesco Griffo) (1450-1518)
*[[Melchior Grodecius]] (Melichar Grodecký) (1584 circa-1619)
*[[Hugo Grotius]] (Huig de Groot seu Hugo de Groot) (1583-1645)
*[[Andreas Gryphius]] (Andreas Greif) (1616–1664)
*[[Simon Grynaeus]] (Simon Griner) ([[1493]]–[[1541]])
*[[Iosephus Guarnerius]] (Giuseppe Guarneri) (1698–1744)
*[[Iulianus Guembadonus]] (Naitō Genba) (Saeculum XVI)
*[[Guercinus]] (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, il Guercino) (1591-1666)
*[[Bernardus Guidonis]] (Bernard Gui) (1261/1262-1331)
*[[Melchior Guilandinus]] (Melchior Wieland) (circa annum [[1520]]-[[1589]])
*[[Robertus de Altavilla]], dictus Guiscardus (Robert Guiscard aut Roberto il Guiscardo) (1015-1085)
*[[Petrus Gyllius]] (Pierre Gilles) (1489-1555)

== H ==
[[Fasciculus:Stanisław Hozjusz 1.PNG|thumb|Stanislaus Hosius]]
[[Fasciculus:Jacob Verheiden-IOANNES HVSSVS BOHEMVS.jpg|thumb|Ioannes Hussus]]
*[[Laurentius Haechtanus]] (Laureis van Haecht Goidtsenhoven) (1527-1603)
*[[Ricardus Hakluytus]] (Richard Hakluyt) (1552/1553-1616)
*[[Edmundus Halleius]] (Edmund Halley) (1656-1742)
* [[Alexander Hamiltonius]] (Alexander Hamilton) (1755/1757-1804)
* [[Georgius Fridericus Handelius]] (Georg Friederich Händel) (1685-1759)
*[[Martin Hayneccius]] (Martin Heinigke) (1544-1611)
*[[Martinus Hanckius]] (Martin Hancke) (1633-1709)
*[[Gulielmus Henricus Harrisonius]] (William Henry Harrison) (1773-1841)
*[[Gulielmus Harveus]] (William Harvey) (1578-1657)
*[[Iosephus Haydinius]] (Joseph Haydn) (1732-1809)
*[[Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus Hegel|Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus Hegelius]] (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel) (1770-1831)
*[[Bartholomaeus Herbelotius]] (Barthélemy d'Herbelot) (1625-1695)
*[[Conradus Heresbachius]] (Konrad Heresbach) (1496-1576)
*[[Helius Eobanus Hessus]] (Eoban Koch) (1488-1540)
*[[Iohannes Hevelius]] (Johannes Hewelcke) (1611-1687)
*[[Hiangyus]] (Xiàng Yǔ) (232 a.C.n.-202 a.C.n.)
*[[Paulus Hindenburgius]] (Paul von Hindenburg) (1847-1934)
*[[Thomas Hobbius]] vel Hobbesius&lt;ref&gt; Cf. [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dionysii_Andreae_Pasio_in_regio_taurinen/ZWJduHPwkLYC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=thomas+hobbesius&amp;pg=PA74&amp;printsec=frontcover ''Dionysii Andreae Pasio in regio taurinensi athenaeo professoris Elementa philosophiae moralis''] (1822).&lt;/ref&gt; (Thomas Hobbes) (1588-1679)
*[[Iohannes Fridericus Hodannus]] (Johann Friedrich Hodann) (1674 – post annum 1734)
*[[Fridericus Hoelderlinus|Fridericus Hoederlinus]] (Friedrich Hölderlin) (1770-1843)
*[[Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus]] (Johann Jacob Hofmann) (1635-1706)
*[[Robertus Hookius]] (Robert Hooke) (1635-1703)
*[[Henricus Hollandus]] (Henry Holland) (1583-post 1649)
*[[Iohannes Holpenius]] seu Holbenius (Hans Holbein) (1497-1543)
*[[Lucas Holstenius]] (Lukas Holste) (1596-1661)
*[[Stanislaus Hosius]] (Stanisław Hozjusz) (1504-1579)
*[[Gregorius Horstius]] (Gregor Horst) (1578-1636)
*[[Mathias Hovius]] (Matthijs Van Hove) (1542-1620)
*[[Petrus Daniel Huetius]] (Pierre Daniel Huet) (1630-1721)
*[[Christianus Hugenius]] (Christiaan Huygens) (1629-1695)
*[[Saddamus Husseinus]] (Saddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī) (1937-2006)
*[[Ioannes Hussius]] vel Hussus (Jan Hus) (circa 1370-1415)
*[[Nicolaus Hussovianus]] (Mikołaj Hussowski) (circa 1470-circa 1533)
*[[Anna Hutchinsonia]] (Anne Hutchinson) (1591-1643)
*[[Iohannes Huttichius]] (Iohannes Huttich) (circa 1490-1544)
*[[Martinus Hylacomylus|Martinus Hylacomylus aut Ilacomilus]] (Martin Waldseemüller) (1470-1522)
*[[Ursus Hypatus]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ursus Hypatus Venetiarum Dux&quot; apud librum ''Rerum Italicarum scriptores'' (1733): 1284 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_Italicarum_scriptores/jU6byajDoDIC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=ursus+hypatus&amp;pg=PA1283&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Orso Ipato) (...-737)

== I ==
* [[Iaenoquida Cambioie]] (Yonekitsu Tadamasa) (1563-1625)
* [[Georgius Iafensidonus]] (Yūki Yaheiji) (1544-...)
* [[Cornelius Iansenius]] (Cornelius Jansen) (1585-1638)
* [[Idates Massamunes]] (Date Masamune) (1567-1636)
* [[Eduardus Iennerus]] (Edward Jenner) (1749-1823)
* [[Paulus Iensius]] aut Ienischius (Paul Jenisch) ([[1551]]-[[1612]])
* [[Carolus Iesualdus]] (Carlo Gesualdo) (1566-1613)
* [[Angelus Illycinus]]&lt;ref&gt;Bibliotheca Laurentana Florentiae&lt;/ref&gt; (Angelo Maria d'Elci) (1751-1824)
* [[Iohannes Iessenius]] (János Jeszenszky or Ján Jesenský) (1566-1621)
* [[Franciscus Irenicus]] (Franz Friedlieb) (1494/95-1553)
* [[Henricus Institor]] (Heinrich Kramer) (1430-1505)
* [[Iohannitius]] (Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq) (808-873)
* [[Arngrimus Ionas]] (Arngrímur Jónsson) (1568-1648)
* [[Ionoschedonus]] (Oda Nobutada) (1557-1582)
* [[Lucas Iordanus]] (Luca Giordano) (1634-1705)
* [[Paulus Iovius]] (Paolo Giovio) (1483-1552)
* [[Simeon Iquenda Tangodonus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Franciscus Sacchinus, ''Historiae Societatis Iesu pars quarta siue Euerardus. Auctore R.P. Francisco Sacchino Societatis eiusdem sacerdote'' (Romae, 1652): 131 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiae_Societatis_Iesu_pars_quarta_si/KZ2pJNs4iFQC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Sancius+Tangodonus&amp;pg=PA131&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Ikeda Norimasa) (saeculum XVI)
* [[Isafaydonus]] (Ryūzōji Ieharu) (saeculum XVI-1613)
* [[Ioachim Iungius]] (Joachim Jung) (1587-1657)
* [[Marcus Antonius Iustinianus]] (Marcantonio Giustinian) (1619-1688)

== J ==
* [[Andreas Jacksonius]] (Andrew Jackson) (1767-1845)
* [[Jacondonus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; (Hosokawa Tadaoki) (1563-1646)
* [[Martha Jeffersonia Randolphia]] (Martha Jefferson Randolph) (1772-1836)
* [[Thomas Jeffersonius]] (Thomas Jefferson) (1743-1826)

== K ==
[[Fasciculus:Portrait Confused With Johannes Kepler 1610.jpg|thumb|Iohannes Keplerus]]
* [[Engelbertus Kaempfer|Engelbertus Kaempferus]] (Engelbert Kaempfer) (1651-1716)
* [[Immanuel Kantius]] (Immanuel Kant) ([[1724]]-[[1804]])
* [[Iohannes Keplerus]] (Johannes Kepler) (1571-1630)
* [[Ibn Khaldunus]] (''‘''Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Ḫaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī) (1332-1406)
* [[Athanasius Kircherus]] (Athanasius Kircher) (1602-1680)
* [[Michael Korycius]] (Michal Karycki) (1714-1781)
* [[Aloysius Kossuthius]] (Kossuth Lajos) (1802-1894)
* [[Paulus Krugerius]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ad lacus Lemanni ripas [...]  gravis annis procellosae vitae cursum absolvit Paulus ille Krugerius&quot;; ''Vox Urbis'', ann. VII, n. IX (Romae, 1904): 73 [https://arxlatina.org/pegmata/periodica/voxurbis/VoxUrbis.1904.ann07.num09.Kal_Sept.tusc.pdf].&lt;/ref&gt; (Paul Kruger) (1825-1904)
* [[Iosaphat Kuncevicius]] (Josafat Kuncevyč) (1580-1623)

== L ==
* [[Ioannes Baptista Lamarckius|Ioannes Baptista Lamarkius]] (Jean-Baptiste de Monet de Lamarck) (1744-1829)
*[[Petrus Lambeccius]] aut Lambecius (Peter Lambeck) ([[1628]] - [[1680]])
*[[Dionysius Lambinus]] (Denis Lambin) (1520-1572)
*[[Ioannes Maria Lancisium|Ioannes Maria Lancisius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041214023337/http://www.antiqbook.com/boox/bok/7706.shtml www.antiqbook.com].&lt;/ref&gt; (Giovanni Maria Lancisi) ([[1654]]-[[1720]])
*[[Fridericus Lanckisius]] (Friedrich Lanckisch) (1648-1669)
*[[Christophorus Landinus]] (Cristoforo Landino) ( [[1424]]-[[1498]])
*[[Ioannes Lanfrancus]] (Giovanni Lanfranco) (1582-1647)
*[[Laocius]] (Lǎozǐ aut Lao Zi) ([[6 a.C.n. saeculum|VI saeculo a.C.n.]])
*[[Orlandus Lassus]] (Orlande de Lassus aut Orlando di Lasso) (ca. 1530-1594)
*[[Burnectus Latinus]] (Brunetto Latini) (circa 1220-1294)
*[[Lautarus]] (Lef-Traru) (1535-1557)
*[[Antonius Lavoisierius]] (Antoine Laurent de Lavoiser) (1743-1794)
*[[Vladimirus Leninus]] (Vladimir Lenin, vere Vladimir Il'ič Ul'janov) (1870-1924)
*[[Nicolaus Leoninus]] aut Nicolaus Leonicenus Vicentinus (Niccolò Leoniceno aut Nicolo Lonigo aut Nicolò da Lonigo da Vincenza) ([[1428]]-[[1524]])
*[[Iacobus Leopardius]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Jacobus Leopardius, cujus nomine inter poetas aeque ac pedestris orationis scriptores vix aliud majus&quot; apud librum Italicum ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Opere_di_Giacomo_Leopardi/_PsFAAAAQAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Iacobus+Leopardius&amp;pg=PA25&amp;printsec=frontcover Opere di Giacomo Leopardi]'' (1884): 25.&lt;/ref&gt; (Giacomo Leopardi) (1798-1837)
*[[Mundinus de Leuciis]] (Mondino dei Luzzi) (ca. 1275-1326)
*[[Lieupangus]] (Liu Bang) (256 a.C.n.-195 a.C.n.)
*[[Pyrrhus Ligorius]] (Pirro Ligorio) (1513-1583)
*[[Aloisius Lilius]] (Luigi Lilio aut Giglio) (ca. 1510-1576)
*[[Thomas Linacrius]] (Thomas Linacre) (ca. 1460-1524)
*[[Abrahamus Lincolnius]] (Abraham Lincoln) (1809-1865)
*[[Carolus Linnaeus]] (Carl von Linné) (1707-1778)
*[[Philippus Lippius]] (Filippo Lippi) (1406 circa-1469 circa)
*[[Iustus Lipsius]] (Joest Lips) (1547-1606)
*[[Franciscus Lisztius]] (Liszt Ferenc) (1811-1886)
*[[Ioannes Lockius]] (John Locke) (1632-1704)
*[[Theodoricus Loher a Stratis]] (Dietrich Loher) (circa annum 1495–1554)
*[[Michael Lomonosov|Michael Lomonosovius]] (Михаил Ломоносов, tr. Michail Lomonosov) (1711-1765)
*[[Georgius Longimanus]] (Jurij Dolgorukij) (1090-1157)
*[[Christophorus Longolius]] (Christophe de Longueil)
*[[Gisbertus Longolius]] (Gijsbert van Langerack) (1507-1543)
*[[Adamus Lonicerus]] vel Adam Lonicer (Adam Lonitzer) (1528 - 1586)
*[[Leonardus Loredanus]] (Leonardo Loredan) (1436-1521)
*[[Petrus Lotichius Secundus]] (Peter Lotz) (1528-1560)
*[[Amatus Lusitanus]] (João Rodrigues) (1511-1568)
*[[Martinus Lutherus]] (Martin Luther) (1483–1546)
*[[Sigismundus Luxemburgicus]] (Sigismund von Luxemburg) (1368-1437)
*[[Luzzalus]] (Kılıç Ali Paşa sed natus Giovanni Dionigi Galeni) (1519-1587)
*[[Georgius Lycoripensis]] (Georg Tannstetter) (1482-1535)
*[[Conrad Lycosthenes]] (Konrad Wolffhart) (1518–1561)
*[[Gulielmus Lylius]] (William Lilye aut Lily) (circa [[1468]]–[[1522]])

== M ==
[[Fasciculus:Philipp Melanchthon 3.jpg|thumb|251x251px|Phillippus Melanchthon]]
[[Fasciculus:GerhardMercator.jpg|thumb|Gerardus Mercator]]
* [[Machometus]] (Muḥammad) (circa 570–632)
*[[Nicolaus Maclavellus]] (Niccolò Machiavelli) (1469-1527)
* [[Georgius Macropedius]] (Joris van Lanckvelt) (1487-1558)
* [[Iacobus Madisonius]] (James Madison) (1751-1836)
* [[Nicolaus Madurus]] (Nicolás Maduro) (1962)
* [[Christophorus Madrutius]] (Cristoforo Madruzzo) (1512-1578)
** [[Ioannes Ludovicus Madrutius]] (Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo) (1532–1600) 
* [[Bruno Magdeburgensis]] (Bruno von Sachsenkrieg) (saeculum XI)
*[[Ferdinandus Magellanus]] (Fernão de Magalhães) (1480-1521)
*[[Moses Maimonides]] (Moshe ben Maimon) (1135-1204)
* [[Thomas Maius]] (Thomas May) (1594/1595-1650)
*[[Felix Malleolus]] (Felix Hemmerlin) (ca. 1389 - ca. 1459)
*[[Iohannes Manardus]] (Giovanni Manardo aut Giovanni Manardi aut [[Hungarice]] János Manardus) (1462-[[1536]])
*[[Mandorocosamia]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mandorocosamia quondam Tayci coniunx &amp; mater Fideyori&quot;; ''Francisci Pasii Relatio historica rerum in Iaponiae gestarum anno 1603, 1604, 1605 et parte 1606'' (1610): 6 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Franc_Pasii_Relatio_historica_rerum_in_I/Em5GAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=mater+Fideyori&amp;pg=PA6&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Yodo-dono) (1569-1615)
*[[Aldus Manutius]] (Aldo Manuzio) (1449-1515)
*[[Alexander Manzonius]] (Alessandro Manzoni) (1785-1873)
*[[Alexander Marcellus|Alexander Ignatius Marcellus]] (Alessandro Marcello) (1673-1747)
*[[Guidus Ubaldus e Marchionibus Montis]] (Guidobaldo del Monte) (1545-1607)
*[[Ioannes Marcus Marci]] (Jan Marek Marci) (1595-1667)
*[[Gulielmus Marconius]] (Guglielmo Marconi) (1874-1937)
*[[Heribertus Marcusius]] (Herbert Marcuse) (1898-1979)
*[[Hyacintha Marescotta]] (Giacinta Marescotti) (1585-1640)
*[[Simon Marius]] (Simon Mayr) (1573-1624)
*[[Christophorus Marlovius]] (Christopher Marlowe) (1564-1593)
*[[Philippus Marnixius]] (Philips van Marnix) (1540-1598)
*[[Lanzarotus Marocelus]] (Lanzerotto Marocello) (1270-1336)
*[[Ioannes Marshallus]] (John Marshall) (1755-1835)
*[[Aloysius Ferdinandus Marsilius]] (Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli) ([[1658]]-[[1730]])
*[[Marcus Marulus]] (Marko Marulić) (1450-1524)
*[[Carolus Marxius]] (Karl Heinrich Marx) (1818-1883)
*[[Thomas Masacius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (Tommaso di ser Giovanni di Mone Cassai, Masaccio) (1401-1428)
*[[Mesrobes Mastosius]] (Mesrop Maštoc’) (360-440)
*[[Theodoricus Martinus]] (Dick Martens) (1446–1534)
*[[Galeottus Martius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [http://www.maremagnum.com/index.php?option=com_ricerca&amp;task=risult&amp;desiditem=33886991 ''Maremagnum'' apud www.maremagnum.com]{{Nexus deficitur|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Galeotto Marzio) (1427-[[1497]])
*[[Andreas Masius]] (Andreas Maes) (1514-1573)
*[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]] (Piero Andrea Gregorio Mattioli) (1501-1577)
*[[Matsucuza Bungodonus]] (Matsukura Shigemasa) (1574-1630)
*[[Franciscus Maturantius]] (Francesco Maturanzio) (1443-1518)
*[[Franciscus Maurocenus]] (Francesco Morosini) (1619-1694)
*[[Franciscus Maurolicus]] vel Maurolycus (Francesco Maurolico) (1494-1575)
*[[Iulius Mazarinus]] (Jules Mazarin aut [[Italice]] Giulio Mazzarino) (1602-1661)
*[[Marcus Mazzaroppus]] (Marco Mazzaroppi) (1550-1620)
*[[Iosephus Mazzinius]] (Giuseppe Mazzini) (1805-1872)
*[[Iacobus Mazochius]] (Giacomo Mazzocchi) (...-1527?)
*[[Laurentius Medices]] seu Maediceus (Lorenzo de' Medici) (149-1492)
*[[Ioannes Megabachus]] (Johann Magenbuch) ([[1487]]-[[1546]])
*[[Philippus Melanchthon]] (Philippus Schwarzerd) (1497–1560)
*[[Rupertus Meldenius]] (Peter Meiderlin) ([[1582]] - [[1661]])
*[[Meledinus]] (Al-Kāmil Muḥammad) (1178-1238)
*[[Carolus Mellinus]] (Charles Mellin) (1597-1641)
*[[Mencius]] (Mèngzǐ) (ca. 370-[[290 a.C.n.]])
*[[Iacobus Menochius]] (Giacomo Menochio) (1532-1607)
*[[Gerardus Mercator]] (Gerard de Kremer) (1512-1594)
*[[Nicolaus Mercator]] (Nikolaus Kauffmann) (1620-1687)
*[[Hieronymus Mercurialis]] (Girolamo Mercuriale) (1530-1606)
*[[Angela Merkela]] (Angela Merkel) (1954)
*[[Georgius Merula]] (Giorgio Merlano di Negro) (natus circa annum [[1430]]-[[1494]])
*[[Paulus Merula]] (Paul van Merle) (1558-1607)
*[[Marinus Mersennus]] (Marin Mersenne) ([[1588]]-[[1648]])
*[[Quintinus Mesius]] (Quentin Massys) (circa annum 1466–1530)
*[[Antonellus Messanensis]] (Antonello da Messina) (1430-1479)
*[[Petrus Metastasius]] (Pietro Metastasio sed natus Pietro Trapassi) (1698-1782)
*[[Clemens Vencelus Nepomucus Lotharius Metternicus]] (Klemens Wenzel Lothar Nepomuk von Metternich) (1773-1859)
*[[Ioannes Meursius]] (Johannes van Meurs) ([[1579]]–[[1639]])
*[[Micius]] (Mòzi) (479 a.C.n.-381 a.C.n.)
*[[Iacobus Micyllus]] (Jakob Moltzer) (1503–1558)
*[[Midsunus Cavachius]] (Mizuno Morinobu, cuius titulus erat &quot;Kawachi-no-Kami&quot;) (1577-1637)
*[[Paulus Mikius]] (Pauro Miki) (1565-1597)
*[[Ioannes Miltonus]] (John Milton) (1608-1674)
*[[Mimbudonus]] (Ōmura Sumiyori) (1592-1616)
*[[Simon Minervius]] (Simon Schaidenreisser) (1497-1572)
*[[Mioxindonus]] (Miyoshi Yoshitsugu) (1549-1573)
*[[Ioannes Picus Mirandula]] (Giovanni Pico della Mirandola) (1463-1494)
*[[Andreas Fricius Modrevius]] (Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski) (1503-1572)
*[[Ambrosius Moibanus]] (Ambrosius Moyben) (1494–1554)
*[[Ioannes Molanus]] (Jan Vermeulen) (1533-1585)
*[[Molierus]] (Molière, vere Jean-Baptiste Poquelin) (1622-1673)
*[[Claudius Mons Viridis]] (Claudio Monteverdi) (1567-1643)
*[[Vladimirus II Monomachus]] (Volodimer Monomach) (1053-1125)
*[[Iacobus Montanus]] (Jakob Berg) (circa annum 1460–1534)
*[[Michael Montanus]] (Michel de Montaigne) (1533-1592)
*[[Guidus Ubaldus e Marchionibus Montis]] (Guidobaldo Del Monte) (1545–1607)
*[[Braccius Montonus]] (Braccio da Montone seu vere Andrea Fortebraccio) (1368-1424)
*[[Iacobus Monrovius]] (James Monroe) (1758-1831)
*[[Paulus Morigius]] (Paolo Morigia) (1525-1604)
*[[Ioannes Baptista Morinus]] (Jean-Baptiste Morin) (1583-1656)
*[[Ioannes Morinus]] (Jean Morin) (1591 – 1659)
*[[Ioannes Mortonus]] (John Morton) (circa 1420-1500)
*[[Thomas Morus]] (Thomas More) (1478-1535)
*[[Petrus Mosellanus]] (Peter Schade) (1493-1524)
*[[Leopoldus Mozartus]] (Leopold Mozart) (1719-1787)
*[[Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozartus]] (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) (1756-1791)
*[[Nicolaus Mulerius]] (Nicolaas des Mulier/s) (1564-1630)
*[[Carolus Mullerus]] (Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller) (1813-1894)
*[[Ludovicus Antonius Muratorius]] (Ludovico Antonio Muratori) ([[1672]] - [[1750]])
*[[Wolfgangus Musculus]] (Wolfgang Müslin) ([[1497]]-[[1563]])
*[[Iohannes Carolus Augustus Musaeus]] (Johann Karl August Musäus) (1735-1787)
*[[Benitus Mussolinius]] vel Mussolinus&lt;ref&gt;Nomen latinum nuncupatum apud varias medalias aetatis Fasticicae, ubi BENITVS MVSSOLINVS (sic) scribitur. Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151241/https://digital.wolfsonian.org/WOLF007140/00001 hic].&lt;/ref&gt; (Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini) (1883-1945)
*[[Marcus Antonius Muretus]] (Marc Antoine Muret) (1526-1585)
*[[Elonus Muscus]] (Elon Musk) (1971-)
*[[Mutezuma I]] (Motēcuhzōma Ilhuicamīna) (1398-1469)
*[[Mutezuma II]] (Motēcuhzōma Xōcoyōtzin) (1465-1520)
*[[Hieronymus Mutianus]] (Girolamo Muziano) 1532-1592)
*[[Mutianus Rufus]] (Konrad Muth) (1470-1526)
*[[Fridericus Myconius]] (Friedrich Mekum) (1490-1546)

== N ==
[[Fasciculus:Nostradamus by Lemud.jpg|thumb|Michael Nostradamus]]
* [[Naichidonus]] (Hosokawa Tadatoshi) (1586-1641)
* [[Magdalena Nagasaciensis]] (Nagasaki no Magudarena) (1610-1634)
* [[Ioannes Naitodonus]] (Naitō Yukiyasu) (1550-1626)
* [[Nangatodonus]] (Matsukura Katsuie, cuius titulus erat Nagato-no-Kami) (1598-1638)
* [[Ioannes Nannius Utinensis]] (Giovanni Nanni da Udine) (1487-1564)
* [[Pamphilus Narvaëzius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Cf. [https://books.google.it/books?id=hIc9faAutbgC&amp;pg=RA1-PP15&amp;lpg=RA1-PP15&amp;dq=Quatimocus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=H_YwiVdnVD&amp;sig=ACfU3U20XTzBszQOSkFo9YdaqFLFRlEz_g&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi-icfH_OLzAhW7hP0HHdLcD2UQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Quatimocus&amp;f=false ''Joannis Genesii Sepulvedæ ... Opera, cum edita, tum inedita, accurante Regia Historiæ Academia'']&lt;/ref&gt; (Pánfilo de Narváez) (1470-1528)
* [[Adolphus Nassovius]] (Adolf von Nassau) (ante 1250-1298)
* [[Petrus Paulus Navarrus]] (Pietro Paolo Navarro) (1560-1622)
* [[Neachile]] (Nyaicili Boki Raja) (...-1556)
* [[Christophorus Neander]] (Christoph Neumann) (1589-1625) 
* [[Georgius Neapolitanus]] (Giorgio Napolitano) (1925-2023) 
* [[Philippus Nerius|Philippus Romulus Nerius]] (Filippo Romolo Neri) (1515-1595)
* [[Beniaminus Netanjahuus]] (Binyamin Netanyahu) (1949)
* [[Isaacus Newtonus]]&lt;ref&gt;''Isaacus Newtonus'' apud [[Christianus Hugenius|Christianum Hugenium]], ''Cosmotheoros'' liber 2 [http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/11-ResearchProjects/boulliau/bio-historical/06-b-sir-d-brewster.htm ''Boulliau Biography - Sir David Brewster on Ismael Boulliau - Boulliau Homepage - Information, Resources, Links, Images, Original Research &amp; Writing'' apud web.clas.ufl.edu].&lt;/ref&gt; (Isaac Newton) (1642-1727) 
* [[Paulus Niavis]] (Paul Schneevogel) (circa annum 1460-1514)
* [[Ioannes Nicolaus Niclasius]] (Johann Nicolaus Niclas) (1733-1808)
* [[Petrus Niger]] aut Petrus Nigrus&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [[Marcus Tanner]], ''The Raven King: Matthias Corvinus and the Fate of His Lost Library,'' pag. 122.&lt;/ref&gt; (Peter Schwarz) (1434- 1481 circa)
* [[Guliemus Nigrinus]] (Wilhelm Schwartze) (1588 -1638)
* [[Baptista Nigronus]] (Battista Negrone) (1530-1592)
* [[Gaspar Nixiguenca]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Gaspar Nixiguenca, Jamandæ dynaftes, genere ac pietate Christiana nobilissimus&quot;: Josephus Juvencius, ''Historiæ Societatis Jesu pars quinta. Tomus posterior ab anno Christi 1591. ad 1616'' (Romae, 1710): 629 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Histori%C3%A6_Societatis_Jesu_pars_quinta_To/fAp6T_O7llAC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=gaspar+nixiguenca&amp;pg=PA629&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Nishi Genka) (1556-1609)
* [[Marius Nizolius]] (Mario Nizolio) (1488-1567) 
* [[Nobexima Xinanonus]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Præcipuus Dynastarum, qui sunt in regno Figensi, est Nobexima Xinanonus&quot;: Ioannes Rodrigues, ''Historia Japonensis a. 1624'' (Moguntiae, 1624): 46 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historia_Japonensis_a_1624/GDw8AAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Nobexima+Xinanonus&amp;pg=PA46&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Nabeshima Katsushige, cuius titulus erat &quot;Shinano-no-Kami&quot;) (1580-1657)
* [[Robertus Nobilis]] (Roberto de' Nobili) (1541-1559)
* [[Ludovicus Nonnius]] (Ludovic Nunez) (1553-1645)
* [[Noradinus (Saladini filius)|Noradinus]] (Nūr al-Dīn al-Malik al-ʾAfḍal) (1170-1225)
* [[Michael Nostradamus]] (Michel de Nostredame) (1503-1566)
* [[Gabriel Nuntius]] (Gabriele d'Annunzio) (1863-1938)
* [[Nuraldinus]] (Nūr al-Dīn Zangī) (1118-1174)

== O ==
* [[Bernardinus Ochinus|Bernandinus Ochinus]] (Bernandino Ochino) (1487-1564)
* [[Odoacer]] sive Odovacar (Audawakrs) (433-493)
* [[Nicolaus Odoenus]] (Nicholas Owen) (1550-1606)
* [[Hyacinthus Odrovantius]] (Jacek Odrowąż) (1185-1257)
* [[Ioannes Oecolampadius]] (Johannes Heussgen) (1482–1531)
* [[Arnaldus Oihenartus]] ([[Vasconice]] Arnaut Oihenart seu [[Francogallice]] Arnauld Oihénart) (1592-1668)
* [[Odoardus Olcornus]] (Edward Oldcorne) (1561-1606)
* [[Adam Olearius]] (Adam Oehlschlegel aut Ölschläger) (1599-1671)
* [[Omar|Omar Magnus]] ('Umar ibn al-Ḫaṭṭāb) (ca. 582 - 644)
* [[Bartholomaeus Omurandonus]] (Ōmura Sumitada) (1533-1587)
* [[Gualterus Ophamilius]] (Gualtiero Offamilio) (12 saeculum-1190)
* [[Iohannes Oporinus]] (Iohannes Herbst) (1507-1568)
* [[Bernardus Oricellarius]] (Bernardo Rucellai) (1449-1514)
** [[Ioannes Oricellarius]] (Giovanni Rucellai) (1475-1525)
* [[David Origanus]] (David Tost) (1558 - 1628)
* [[Petrus Orseolus (rex Hungariae)|Petrus Orseolus]] (Velencei Péter) (1010/1011-circa 1056)
* [[Abraham Ortelius]] (Abraham Ortels, Oertel, Örtel, Orthellius, Wortels) ([[1527]] - [[1598]])r
* [[Abraham Ortelius]] (Abraham Ortels, Oertel, Örtel, Orthellius, Wortels) ([[1527]] - [[1598]])
* [[Hieronymus Osorius]] (Jerónimo Osório) (1506-1580)
* [[Fridericus Ozanam|Fridericus Ozanamius]] (Frédéric Ozanam) (1813-1853)

== P ==
[[Fasciculus:MatteoPalmieri.jpg|thumb|Matthaeus Palmerius [[humanista]] et [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Italia|Italus]] ]]
[[Fasciculus:Magdalena de Passe.png|thumb|301x301px|[[Magdalena Passaea]]]]
* [[Eduardus Pachecus]] (Duarte Pacheco Pereira) (1460-1533)
* [[Franciscus Pachecus]] (Francisco Pacheco) (1566-1626)
*[[Iulius Pacius de Beriga]] (Giulio Pace da Beriga) (1550-1631)
*[[Aonius Palearius]] (Antonio della Pagliara) ([[1503]]-[[1570]])
*[[Marcellus Palingenius Stellatus]] sive Palingenius (Marcello Palingenio Stellato aut Pier Angelo Manzolli) (circa 1500-ante 1551)
*[[Arcangela Palladinia]] (Arcangela Paladini) (1599-1622)
*[[Petrus Simon Pallas|Petrus Simon Pallasius]], seu Pallas (Peter Simon Pallas) (1741-1811)
*[[Matthaeus Palmerius]] (Matteo Palmieri) ([[1406]]-[[1475]])
*[[Benedictus Pamphilius]] (Benedetto Pamphilij) (1653-1730)
*[[Ianus Pannonius]] (Hungarice ''János Csezmicei'' aut Croatice ''Ivan Česmički'') (1434-1472)
*[[Onuphrius Panvinius]] (Onofrio Panvinio) (1530-1568)
*[[Daniel Papebrochius]] (Daniel Papebroch) (1628-1714)
*[[Philippus Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim]] sive [[Paracelsus]] (Phillip von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)
*[[Ambrosius Paraeus]] (Ambroise Paré) (circa annum [[1510]]-[[1590]])
*[[Petrus Parlerius]] (Peter Parler) (1330 vel 1333-1399)
*[[Matthaeus Parisiensis]] (Matthew Paris) (1200 circa-1259)
*[[Angelus Particiacus]] (Agnello vel Angelo Partecipazio) (...-827)
*[[Blasius Pascalis]] (Blaise Pascal) ([[1623]]-[[1662]])
*[[Ioannes Pascoli|Ioannes Pascolus]]&lt;ref&gt; Cf. [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Humanistica_Lovaniensia/EEgwaHabP88C?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=ioannes+pascolus&amp;pg=PA440&amp;printsec=frontcover ''Humanistica Lovaniensia'']&lt;/ref&gt; (Giovanni Pascoli) (1855-1912)
*[[Ioannes Baptista Pasqualinus]] (Giovanni Battista Pasqualini) (1595-1631)
*[[Magdalena Passaea]] (Magdalena van de Passe) (1600-1638)
*[[Crispianus Passaeus]] (Crispijn van de Pass) (1564-1637)
*[[Wilhelmus Passaeus]] (Willem van de Passe) (1597-1637)
*[[Marsilius Patavinus]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [http://www.antiqbook.de/boox/hein/21070.shtml ww.antiqbook.de]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Marsiglio dei Mainardini) ([[1275]]/[[1290]]-[[1342]] aut [[1343|43]])
*[[Gabrielis Carola Patina]] (Gabrielle-Charlotte Patin) (1655-1750)
*[[Carolus Patinus]] (Charles Patin) (1633-1693)
*[[Franciscus Patricius]] (Francesco Patrizi da Cherso aut Frane Petrić/Petris/Petrišević) (1526-1597)
*[[Marcus Paulus Venetus|Marcus Paulus]] (Marco Polo) (1254-1324)
*[[Maria Magdalena de Pazzis]] seu Pactia&lt;ref&gt;Vincentius Puccini, ''Vita di Suor Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi'' (Florentiae, 1611): 765 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Vita_di_Suor_Maria_Maddalena_de_Pazzi/MSxSAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=maria+magdalena+pactia&amp;pg=PA15&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi) (1566-1607)
*[[Iacobus Peletarius]] (Jacques Peletier du Mans) (1517-1582)
*[[Petrus Ioannes Perpinianus]] (Pedro Juan Perpiñá) (1530-1566)
*[[Balthasar Perutius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [http://books.google.ch/books?id=PiwDAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA216&amp;lpg=PA216&amp;dq=Balthasar+Perutius&amp;source=web&amp;ots=6VD-m_6-P_&amp;sig=O_Nd94jxMxnVA7oklRBQG3igjkc&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ct=result Angelo Fabroni, Leonis X. pontificis maximi vita - - 1797].&lt;/ref&gt; (Baldassarre Peruzzi) ([[1481]] – [[1536]])
*[[Felix Petancius Ragusinus]]&lt;ref&gt;cfr. [[Marcus Tanner]], ''The Raven King: Matthias Corvinus and the Fate of His Lost Library'' , pag. 122&lt;/ref&gt; (Feliks Petančić) (1455-1517/1522)
*[[Simon Peterzanus]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SIMON PETERZANUS VENETUS TITIANI ALUMNUS FECIT MDLXXXVIIII&quot; apud encyclopaediam Italicam [https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/simone-peterzano_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ Treccani] {{ling|Italice}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Simone Peterzano) (1535-1599)
*[[Petrus Petitus]] (Pierre Petit) (1617-1687)
*[[Alexander Petofius]] (Petőfi Sándor) (1823-1849)
*[[Pandolfus Petrucius]] (Pandolfo Petrucci) ([[1452]] – [[1512]])
*[[Georgius Peurbachius]] (Georg von Peuerbach) ([[1423]]-[[1461]])
*[[Bernardinus Pictoricius]] (Pinturicchio) ([[1454]] – [[1513]])
*[[Ioannes Baptista Piranesius]] (Giambattista Piranesi) ([[1720]]-[[1778]])
*[[Ascanius Philamarinus]] (Ascanio Filomarino) (1583-1666)
*[[Franciscus Philelphus]] (Francesco Filelfo) (1398-1481)
*[[Aimericus Picaudus]] (Aymeric Picaud) (XII saeculum-?)
*[[Philippus Picinellus]] (Filippo Picinelli) (1604-1678)
*[[Aeneas Silvius Picolomineus]] (Enea Silvio Piccolomini vel papa Pius II) (1405-1464)
*[[Bernardinus Pictoricius|Bernandinus Pictoricius]] (Bernardino di Betto di Biagio, Pinturicchio) (1454-1511)
*[[Antonius Pinaeus]] (Antoine du Pinet) (?-1584)
*[[Piodasses]] (Aśoka) (circa 304 a.C.n.-232 a.C.n.)
*[[Andreas Pisanus]] (Andrea Pisano) (1290-1348)
*[[Ioannes Piscator]] (Johannes Fischer) (1546-1625)
*[[Pisanus]] (Pisanello sed natus Antonio di Puccio Pisano) (ante 1390-1455 circa)
*[[Antonius Pintus Ixida]] (Ishida Kyūtaku) (1569-1632)
*[[Franciscus Pizardus]] seu Pizarrus (Francisco Pizarro) (1476-1541)
*[[Iohannes Placentius]] (Léon le Plaisant) (...-1548)
*[[Bartholomaeus Platina]] (Bartolomeo Sacchi) ([[1421]]-[[1481]])
*[[Pocahonta]] (Matoaka, quae dicitur Pocahontas) (1595 circa-1617)
*[[Francisca Polentana]] (Francesca da Polenta) (1259-1285)
*[[Reginaldus Polus]] (Reginald Pole) (1500-1558)
*[[Petrus Pomponatius]] (Pietro Pomponazzi) ([[1462]]-[[1525]])
*[[Iulius Pomponius Laetus]] (Giulio Pomponio Leto) (1428-1498)
*[[Ioannes Pontius Legionensis]] (Juan Ponce de Leòn) (1460-1521)
*[[Iacobus Pontormus]] (Jacopo da Pontormo) (1494-1557)
*[[Simon Portius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf.filium eius Camillum Portium [http://edit16.iccu.sbn.it/scripts/iccu_ext.dll?fn=11&amp;res=17016]&lt;/ref&gt; (Simone Porzio) ([[1497]] – [[1554]])
**[[Camillus Portius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf.[http://edit16.iccu.sbn.it/scripts/iccu_ext.dll?fn=11&amp;res=17016]&lt;/ref&gt; (Camillo Porzio) ([[1526]] – [[1580]])
*[[Porus]] (Puruṣottama) (?-317 a.C.n.)
*[[Powhatanus]] (Wahunsenacawh, qui dicitur Chief Powhatan) (1547 circa-1618 circa)
*[[Antonius Possevinus]] (Antonio Possevino) ([[1533]]–[[1611]])
*[[Gulielmus Postellus]] (Guillaume Postel) ([[1510]]–[[1581]])
*[[Hieronymus Pragensis]] (Jeroným Pražský) (1365 circa-1416)
*[[Iosquinus Pratensis]] (Josquin Des Prés) (1450-1521)
*[[Michael Praetorius]] (Michael Schultheiß) ([[1571]]–[[1621]])
*[[Laurentius Pucius]] (Lorenzo Pucci) (1458-1531)
*[[Casimirus Pulaskius]] (Kazimierz Pułaski) (1746-1779)
*[[Ioannes II (magnus dux Moscoviae)|Ioannes II Pulcher]] (Ivan II Krasnyj) (1326-1359)
*[[Antonius Pullarius]] (Antonio del Pollaiolo) (circa 1430-1498)
*[[Alexander Puskinus]] (Aleksandr Puškin) (1799-1837)
*[[Nicolaus Pussinus]] (Nicolas Poussin) (1594-1665)
*[[Vladimirus Putinus]] (Vladimir Putin) (1952-)

== Q ==
* [[Quahutimocus]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Annales_ecclesiastici0/GgRlAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Quahutimocus&amp;pg=PA317&amp;printsec=frontcover ''Annales ecclesiastici ab anno quo desinit Caes. Card. Baronius MCXCVIII usque ad annum MDXXXIV..... ab anno MDIV vsque ad annum MDXXXIV'']&lt;/ref&gt; (Cuitláhuac) (circa 1476-1520)
* [[Simon Quambioiendonus]] (Kuroda Yoshitaka) (1546-1587)
*[[Iacobus Quarterius]] (Jacques Cartier) (1491-1557)
* [[Quatimocus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; (Cuauhtémoc) (1496-1525)
* [[Artus Quellinus]] (Arnoldus Quellijn) ([[1609]] - [[1668]])
* [[Quingodonus]] (Kobayakawa Hideaki, cuius titulus erat ''Kingo Chūnagon'')
* [[Quitano Mandocoro]] (Kōdai-in, cuius titulus erat ''Kita no Mandokoro'') (16 saeculum-1624)
* [[Quoniambecus]] (Cunhambebe) (XVI saeculum)

== R ==
[[Fasciculus:Ludwika Karolina Radziwill.jpg|thumb|306x306px|[[Ludovica Carolina Radivilia]]]]
[[Fasciculus:Pope_Julius_II.jpg|thumb|200 px|Papa [[Iulius II]], natus ''Giuliano della Rovere'', [[Latine]] Iulianus Roverus]]
* [[Franciscus Rabelaesus]] (François Rabelais) (circa annum 1494–1553)
* [[Ludovica Carolina Radivilia]] (Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł) (1667-1695)
*[[Ioannes Radvanus]] (Jonas Radvanas) (16 saeculum-post 1591)
*[[Raisulius]] (Mūlāy ʿAḥmad al-Raisūnī) (1871-1925)
*[[Benedictus Rambertus]] (Benedetto Ramberti) (1503-1547)
*[[Petrus Ramus]] (Pierre de la Ramée) (1515-1572)
*[[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius]] (Giovanni Battista Ramusio) (1485-1557)
*[[Renatus Rapinus]] (René Rapin) (1621-1687)
*[[Raschius]] vere Salomo Isaacides Iarchi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaqi) (1040-1105)
*[[Wolfgangus Ratichius]] (Wolfgang Ratke) (1571-1635)
*[[Urbanus Rattazzius]] (Urbano Rattazzi) (1808-1873)
* [[Iohannes Ravisius Textor]] (Jean Tixier de Ravisi) (1480–1524)
* [[Ioannes Regiomontanus]] (Johannes Müller aus Königsberg) (1436–1476)
* [[Guido Renius]] (Guido Reni) (1575-1642)
* [[Balthasar Resinarius]] (Balthasar Harzer) (circiter [[1480]]-[[1544]])
* [[Urbanus Rhegius]] (Urban Rieger) ([[1489]]–[[1541]])
* [[Beatus Rhenanus]] (Beat Bild) (1485–1547)
* [[Georgius Ioachim Rheticus]] etiam ''Rhäticus'', ''Rhaeticus'', ''Rhetikus'' (Georg Joachim von Lauchen) ([[1514]]– [[1574]])
* [[Matthaeus Riccius]] (Matteo Ricci) (1552-1610)
*[[Armandus Ioannes Plessaeus Richelaeus]] (Armand-Jean du Plessis Richelieu) (1585-1642)
* [[Paulus Ricius]] (Paul Ritz) (circa 1480-1541)
* [[Robertus Ridolfus]] (Roberto di Ridolfo) (1531-1612)
* [[Riosogi]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Hayus, ''De Rebus Iaponicis, Indicis et Peruanis Epistolae Recentiores'' (Antverpiae, 1605): 123 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/De_Rebvs_Iaponicis_Indicis_Et_Pervanis_E/f79GAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=riofogi+Arimenfem&amp;pg=PA123&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Ryūzōji Takanobu) (1530-1584)
* [[Andreas Rivetus]] (André Rivet) (1572-1651)
*[[Ludovicus Caelius Rhodiginus]] (Ludovico Ricchieri) (1469-1525)
* [[Johannes Rhodius]] (Hinne Rode) (1385-1439)
* [[Iohannes Roffensis]] aut Iohannes Fischerius (John Fisher) (1469-1535)
*[[Romanus (poeta Persicus)|Romanus]] (Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī) (1207-1273)
*[[Iulius Romanus]] (Giulio Romano, sed natus Giulio Pippi de' Jannuzzi) (1499-1546)
* [[Gulielmus Rondeletius]] (Guillaume Rondelet) (1507-1566)
* [[Franklinius Delano Rooseveltius]] (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) (1882-1945)
* [[Theodorus Rooseveltius]] (Theodore Roosevelt) (1858-1919)
* [[Antonius Rosminius]] (Antonio Rosmini) (1797-1855)
* [[Propertia Rossia]] (Properzia de' Rossi) (1490 circa-1530 circa)
* [[Ioachimus Rossinius]] (Gioachino Rossini) (1792-1868)
* [[Robertus Rossius]] (Robert Ross) (1766-1814)
* [[Iulianus Roverus]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080801072533/http://christianism.com/supresearch/supres2.html ''from: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, In Association with The'' apud www.christianism.com] www.christianism.com.&lt;/ref&gt; vel Iulianus Rovereus&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0874/_P4.HTM] VITA LEONIS DECIMI PONT. MAX. A PAOLO IOVIO EPISCOPO NUCERINO CONSCRIPTA.&lt;/ref&gt; (Giuliano della Rovere aut [[Papa]] Iulius II) ([[1443]]–[[1513]])
* [[Ioannes Roverus]] vel Ioannes Rovereus&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. fratrem suum [[Iulianus Roverus|Iulianum Roverum]] &lt;/ref&gt; (Giovanni della Rovere) ([[1457]]–[[1501]])
*[[Roxolana]] (Aleksandra Anastazja Lisowska, vel Roksolana) (1500-1558)
* [[Crotus Rubeanus]] aut Crotus Rubianus (Johannes Jäger) (circa annum 1480–post annum [[1539]])
* [[Petrus Paulus Rubenius]] (Pieter Paul Rubens) (1577-1640)
*[[Paulus Rubigallus]] (Pavol Rothan) (1515-1577)
*[[Maximilianus de Robespierre|Maximilianus Rubopetraeus]]&lt;ref&gt;Sic apud Wyttenbachium, ''Opuscula selecta'' (1825), p.245, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=Dl4bp--EdV8C&amp;lpg=PA228&amp;ots=1RF6SIffb0&amp;dq=Dan.%20Wyttenbachii%20Philom.&amp;hl=fr&amp;pg=PA245#v=onepage&amp;q=Dan.%20Wyttenbachii%20Philom.&amp;f=false hic].&lt;/ref&gt; (Maximilien de Robespierre) (1758-1794)
*[[Ioannes Ruellius]] (Jean Ruel) (1474-1537)
* [[Girardus Ruffus]] (Gérard Roussel) (circa annum 1500-1550)
*[[Ericus Rufus]] (Eiríkr Rauði) (950-1003)
*[[David Ruhnkenius]] (David Ruhnken) (1723-1798)
*[[Iohannes Rusbroquius]] (Jan van Ruusbroec) (1293-1381)

== S ==
[[Fasciculus:Portrait of Michael Servetus. Wellcome M0009083.jpg|thumb|Michael Servetus]]
[[Fasciculus:Carolina Bonafede, Donne bolognesi insigni - Elisabetta Sirani.jpg|thumb|333x333px|Elisabetha Sirania]]
* [[Paulus Sacondonus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; (Maeda Hidenori) (1576-1601)
* [[Sacumandonus]] (Sakuma Nobumori) (1528-1582)
* [[Iacobus Sadoletus]] (Jacopo Sadoleto) (1477-1577)
*[[Henricus Sagittarius]] (Heinrich Schütz) ([[1585]]–[[1672]])
*[[Sagthanas]] (Ṭahmāsp I) (1514-1576)
*[[Saisciodonus]] (Kyōgoku Takatsugu) (1560-1609)
*[[Saladinus]] (Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb) (1138-1193)
*[[Franciscus Salesius]] (François de Sales) (1567-1622)
*[[Claudius Salmasius]] (Claude de Saumaise) ([[1588]]-[[1653]])
*[[Iohannes Sambucus]] (János Zsámboky) ([[1531]]-[[1584]])
*[[Sanandadonus]] (Sanada Yukimura) (1567-1615)
*[[Sancius]] (Zhuāngzǐ) (369 a.C.n. circa-286 a.C.n. circa)
*[[Raphael Sanctius Urbinas]] (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino) (1483-1520)
*[[Iacobus de Sancto Andrea]] (Jacopo da Sant'Andrea) (...-1239)
*[[Sandrocottus]] (Candragupta Maurya) (343 a.C.n.-274 a.C.n. circa)
*[[Sancius Sangandonus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; (Sanga Yoriteru) (1510-post 1587)
*[[Gregorius Sanocensis]] (Grzegorz z Sanoka) ([[1403]]-[[1477]])
*[[Iacobus Sansovinus]] (Jacopo Sansovino) (1485-1570)
*[[Sanxius Chindonus]] (Oda Nobutaka) (1558-1583)
*[[Sapalbizes]] (Sapadbizes) (floruit 20 a.C.n.-1 a.C.n.)
*[[Nicolaus Sarkozius]] (Nicolas Sarkozy) (1955-)
*[[Andreas Sartius]] (Andrea del Sarto) (1486-1530)
*[[Saturiona]] (Saturiwa) (floruit 1562-1565)
*[[Alexander Saulius]] (Alessandro Sauli) (1534-1592)
*[[Iohannes Saxonius]] (Johann Sachse) (1507-1561)
*[[Iulius Caesar Scaliger]] (Giulio Cesare della Scala) (1484-1558)
*[[Ioannes Schenckius]] (Johannes Schenck von Grafenberg) ([[1530]]-[[1599]])
*[[Ioannes Schicchius]] (Gianni Schicchi) (XIII saeculum)
*[[Bartolomaeus Schidonius]] (Bartolomeo Schedoni) (1578-1615)
*[[Erasmus Schmidius]] (Erasmus Schmidt) (1570-1637)
*[[Iulius Georgius Schottelius]] (Justus Georg Schottel) ([[1612]]-[[1676]])
*[[Andreas Schottus]] (André Scott) (1552-1629)
*[[Caspar Schwenckfeldius]] (Kaspar Schwen[c]kfeld von Ossig) (circa [[1490]] - [[1561]])
*[[Antonius Maria Schyrleus de Rheita|Antonius Maria '''Schyrleus''' de Rheita]] (Antonín Maria Šírek z Reity) ([[1597]]-[[1660]])
*[[Ioannes Sciurinodonus]] (Kyōgoku Takatomo) (1572-1622)
*[[Robertus Falcon Scottus]] (Robert Falcon Scott) (1868-1912)
*[[Gualterus Scott|Walterus Scotus]] (Walter Scott) (1771-1832)
*[[Laurentius Scupulus]] (Lorenzo Scupoli) (1530-1610)
*[[Ianus Secundus]] (Iohannes Everardi) (1511-1536)
*[[Volodimirus Selenscius]] (Volodymyr Zelens'kyj) (1978-)
*[[Nicolaus Selneccerus]] (Nicolaus Selnecker) (1530-1592)
*[[Seltan Segued]] (Sūsinyōs) (1571/1575 circa-1632)
*[[Michael Sendivogius]] (Michał Sędziwój) (1566-1636)
*[[Duccius Senensis]] (Duccio di Buoninsegna) (circa 1255-1318/1319)
*[[Hieronymus Seripandus]] (Girolamo Seripando) (1493-1563)
*[[Sebastianus Serlius]] (Sebastiano Serlio) (1475-1554)
*[[Michael Servetus]] (Miguel Serveto y Reves) (1511-1553)
*[[Ioannes IV (tzar Russiae)|Ioannes IV Severus]] seu Ioannes Basilides (Ivan IV Vasil'evič Groznyj) (1530-1584)
*[[Antonius Sexagius]] (Antoon van T'Sestich) (...-1585)
*[[Ludovicus Sfortia]] vel Sphortia, dictus Maurus (Ludovico Sforza il Moro) (1452-1508)
*[[Gulielmus Shakesperius]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=IgARAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=shakesperius&amp;dq=shakesperius&amp;pgis=1 Jahrbuch, ab ''Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellschaft''].&lt;/ref&gt; (William Shakespeare) (1564–1616)
*[[Georgius Bernardus Shavius]] (George Bernard Shaw) (1856-1950)
*[[Michael Sidonius]] (Michael Helding) ([[1506]]–[[1561]])
*[[Carolus Sigonius]] (Carlo Sigonio aut Sigone) (1520-1584)
*[[Angelus Silesius]] (Ioannes Scheffler) ([[1624]] - [[1677]])
*[[Melchior Adamus|Melchior Adamus Silesius]] (Melchior Adam) (1575 circa-1622)
*[[Elisabetha Sirania]] (Elisabetta Sirani) (1638-1665)
*[[Gulielmus Smallvoodius]] (William Smallwood) (1732-1792)
*[[Adamus Smith|Adamus Smithius]] (Adam Smith) (1723-1790)
*[[Ioannes Smithius]] (John Smith) (1580-1631)
*[[Willebrordus Snellius]] (Willebrord van Roijen Snell) ([[1580]]-[[1626]])
*[[Sophagasenus]] (Subhagasena) (floruit 206 a.C.n.-190 a.C.n.)
*[[Ferdinandus Sotus]] (Hernando de Soto) (1500-1542)
*[[Georgius Spalatinus]] (Georg Burkhardt) (1484-1545)
*[[Spalyris]] (Śpalahora) (floruit 50-47)
*[[Ezechiel Spanhemius]] (Ezechiel von Spanheim) (1629-1710)
*[[Fridericus Spanhemius]] (Friederich Spanheim) (1600-1649)
*[[Paulus Speratus]] (Paul Spret aut Hoffer) (1484-1551)
*[[Henricus Spondanus]] (Henry de Sponde) ([[1568]]-[[1643]])
*[[Iacobus Sponius]] (Jacob Spon) (1647-1685)
*[[Antonius Squarcialupus]] (Antonio Squarcialupi) (1416-1480)
*[[Laelius Socinus]] (Lelio Sozzini) (1525-1562)
*[[Faustus Socinus]] (Fausto Paolo Sozzini) (1539-1604)
*[[Ludovicus Sotellus]] (Luis Sotelo) (1574-1624)
*[[Iohannes Stabius]] (Johannes Stöberer aut Stab) (circa annum 1460-1522)
*[[Iohannes Stadius]] (Jan Van Ostaeyen aut Jean Stade)  (1487-1561)
*[[Georgius Stampelius]] (Georg Stampel) (1561-1622)
*[[Demetrius Stanciowius]] (Dimităr Janev Stančov) (1863-1940)
*[[Gerardus Stederburgensis]] (Gerhard von Steterburg) (...-1209)
*[[Nicolaus Steno]] (Niels Stensen) (1638-1686)
*[[Georgius Stiernhielmus]] (Georg Stiernhielm) (1598-1672)
*[[Antonius Stradivarius]] (Antonio Stradivari) (1648-1737)
*[[Gulielmus Stephanides]] (William Fitzstephen) (?-1191)
*[[Henricus Stephanus (mortuus 1598)|Henricus Stephanus]] (Henri Estienne) (1528/1531-1598)
*[[Andreas Stiborius]] (Andreas Stöberl) (circiter [[1464]]-[[1515]])
*[[Petrus Stolypinius]] (Pëtr Stolypin) (1862-1911)
*[[Iohannes Stuckius]] (Johannes Stuck) (1587–1653)
*[[Snorro Sturlaeus]] (Snorri Sturluson) (1179-1241)
*[[Daniel Suavius]] (Daniel Sudermann) (1550–1631)
*[[Thomas Sumterus]] (Thomas Sumter) (1734-1832)
*[[Suncius]] (Sun Tzu) (544 a.C.n.-496 a.C.n.)
*[[Sungteius]] (Shunzhi) (1638-1661)
*[[Henricus Suso]] (Heinrich Seuse) (circa 1295 - 1366)
*[[Iacobus Sylvius]] (Jacques Dubois) (1478 – 1555)
*[[Actius Syncerus]] (Jacopo Sannazaro) (1456-1530)
*[[Gerardus Synellius]] (Gerard Schnell) (circa annum 1470-1552)

== T ==
[[Fasciculus:Libr0367.jpg|thumb|&quot;EN VIRESCIT GALILÆVS ALTER Anagr. EVANGELISTA TORRICELLIVS Sereniſſimi M. Ducis Hetruriæ Mathem.&lt;sup&gt;cus&lt;/sup&gt; &amp; Philos:&lt;sup&gt;us&lt;/sup&gt; Obijt Anno Dom. [[1647|MDCXLVII]] Aet.&lt;sup&gt;s&lt;/sup&gt; XL&quot; Evangelista Torricellius pictus in frontispicium libri ''Lezioni Accademiche d'Evangelista Torricelli'' anno 1715 impressi]]
* [[Iacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus]] (Jakob Diether von Bergzabern) (1522−1590)
* [[Tacaiamandonus Darius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; (Takayama Momoteru) (1531-1595)
* [[Taichangus]] (Taichang) (1582-1620)
* [[Taicosama]] (Toyotomi Hideyoshi) (1537-1598)
* [[Tamerlanes]] seu Tamerlanus (Temür) (1336-1405)
* [[Sancius Tangadonus]] (Ōmura Yoshiaki) (1599-1616)
* [[Taqua Nombo]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Taqua Nombo Firandi Rex&quot;; Iohannes Petrus Maffeius, ''Historiarum Indicarum libri XVI. Selectarum item ex India epistolarum libri IV'' (Antverpiae, 1605): 306 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Historiarum_Indicarum_libri_XVI_Selectar/7nZUAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=taqua+nombo+indicarum&amp;pg=RA5-PA488-IA20&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Matsūra Takanobu) (1529-1599)
* [[Taquenaca Unemius]] (Takenaka Shigeyoshi, cuius titulus erat Uneme-no-Shō) (XVI saeculum-1633)
* [[Nicolaus Tartalea]] (Nicolò Tartaglia) (circa [[1500]]-[[1557]])
* [[Gaspar Taliacotius]] (Gaspare Tagliacozzi Trigambe) (1546−1599) 
* [[Taquia]] (Dájǐ) (1076 a.C.n.-1046 a.C.n.)
* [[Iacobus Tappius]] (Jacob Tappe) (1603−1680) 
* [[Augustinus Tarazavandonus]] seu Ximanocamius Terazaua&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Habet Ximanocamius Terasaua Princeps Amacusæ, arcis Xiqui Præfectum, illarumque insularum Gubernatorem, clientem quendam suum, virum nobilem, Tobioium Miaquem&quot;; Christophorus Ferreira, ''Narratio persecutionis adversus christianos excitatae in variis Japoniae regnis ann. 1628, 1629, 1630'' (1635): 127 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Narratio_persecutionis_adversus_christia/X2Y1w1bbifMC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=ximanocamius&amp;pg=PA127&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Terazawa Hirotaka, cuius titulus erat Shima-no-kami) (1563-1633)
* [[Iosephus Tartinius]] (Giuseppe Tartini) (1692-1770)
* [[Torquatus Tassus]] (Torquato Tasso) (1544-1595)
* [[Marcus Tatius]] (Markus Tach) (circa annum 1509-1562)
* [[Nicolaus Taurellus]] (Nikolaus Öchslein aut Nicolas Tourot) ([[1547]]-[[1606]]) 
* [[Taxiles]] (Ambhi) (...-post 321 a.C.n.)
* [[Georgius Philippus Telemannus]] (Georg Philipp Telemann) (1681-1767)
* [[Carolus Temerarius]] (Charles le Téméraire) (1433-1477)
* [[Iacobus Tentoretus]] (Jacopo Tintoretto) (1518-1594)
* [[Ioannes Terrentius]] (Johann Schrek) (1576-1630)
* [[Andreas Thevetus]] (André Thevet) (1516-1590)
* [[Thienkius]] (Tianqi) (1605-1627)
* [[Thienmingus]] (Nurhaci) (1559-1626)
* [[Stephanus Thomae]] (Stjepan Tomašević) (circa 1438-1463)
* [[Iacobus Augustus Thuanus]] (Jacques-Auguste de Thou) (1553-1617)
* [[Gudbrandus Thorlacius]] (Guðbrandur Þorláksson) (1542-1627)
* [[Gulielmus Tindalus]] (William Tyndale) (1484-1536)
* [[Cuthebertus Tonstallus]] (Cuthebert Tonstall) (1474-1559)
* [[Evangelista Torricellius]] (Evangelista Torricelli) (1608-1647)
* [[Thomas Tosa Naitodonus]] (Naitō Sadanobu, cuius titulus erat Tosa-no-Kami) (saeculum XVI)
* [[Simon Toscirondonus Findenanus]] (Mōri Hidekane) (1567-1601)
* [[Toxogunsama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Xogunsamæ tyranno sanguinario anno 1629 successit barbaræ crudelitatis &amp; Imperii hæres Toxogunsama filius&quot;; Josephus Biner, ''Apparatus eruditionis ad jurisprudentiam praesertim ecclesiasticam'' (1766): 182 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Apparatus_eruditionis_ad_jurisprudentiam/PeoYYeuN0PUC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Xogunsam%C3%A6&amp;pg=RA1-PA182&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Tokugawa Iemitsu) (1604-1651)
* [[Iohannes Trithemius]] (Johannes Heidenberg oder Zeller) (1462-1516)
* [[Marcus Antonius Trivisanus]] ‎(Marcantonio Trevisan) (1475 circa-1554)
* [[Primus Truberus]] (Primož Trubar) (1508-1586)
* [[Tuctais]] (Toqta) (ante 1282-1312)
* [[Petrus Codicillus de Tulechowa]] (Petr Kodicil z Tulechova) (1533-1589)
* [[Hadrianus Turnebus]] (Adrien Turnèbe) (1512-1565)
*[[Guilielmus Turnerus]] (William Turner) (1510-1568)
* [[Iacobus Tutor]] (Jacob de Wocht)&lt;ref&gt;P. Ackroyd, ''The life of Thomas More'', pag. 123.&lt;/ref&gt; (XV saeculum)
* [[Tusi]] (Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī) ([[1201]]-[[1274]])
* [[Augustinus Tzunocamindonus]] (Konishi Yukinaga) (1558-1600)

== U ==
* [[Iustus Ucondonus]] (Takayama Ukon) (1552-1612)
* [[Paulus Ugiellus]] (Paolo Uccello) (1397-1475)
* [[Uiesuqui Caguecatsu]] (Uesugi Kagekatsu) (1556-1623)
* [[Uiesuqui Danion]] (Uesugi Sadakatsu) (1604-1645)
* [[Ulxius]] (Qin Er Shi) (229 a.C.n.-207 a.C.n.)
* [[Nicolaus III|Ioannes Caetanus de Ursinis]] (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini aut [[Papa]] Nicolaus III)
* [[Fulvius Ursinus]] (Fulvio Orsini) (1529-1600)
* [[Christopherus Ursuychus]] (Christopher Urswick) 1448-1522)
* [[Usbecus]] (Özbeg) (1282-1341)
* [[Uxuiacandonus]] (Minamoto no Yoshitsune) (1159-1189)

== V ==
[[Fasciculus:Vespucci-Amerigo Vespucci.jpg|thumb|Americus Vespucius]]
* [[Ioachim Vadianus]] (Joachim von Watt) ([[1484]]-[[1551]])
* [[Henricus Valesius]] (Henri de Valois) (1603-1676)
* [[Thomas Vallaurius]] (Tommaso Vallauri) (1805-1897)
* [[Robertus Valturius]]&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [http://www.vialibri.net/item_pg/1167765.htm ''(ll) viaLibri ~ De re militari - VALTURIUS, ROBERTUS - 1483. (1167765)'' apud www.vialibri.net]{{Nexus deficitur|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; (Roberto Valturio) ([[1405]]–[[1475]])
* [[Vanleius]] (Wanli) (1563-1620)
* [[Benedictus Varchius]] (Benedetto Varchi) (1503-1565)
* [[Iosephus Varrenius]] (Joseph Warren) (1741-1775)
* [[Georgius Vasarius]] (Giorgio Vasari) (1511-1574)
* [[Vatadonus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Josephus Juvencius, ''Epitome Historiae Sociatatis Jesu. Ab anno Christi MDLVII ad annum MDLXXXI · Volume 2'' (Gandavi, 1853): 229 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Epitome_Historiae_Sociatatis_Jesu/9L9GAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Zamalucus&amp;pg=PA229&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Wada Koremasa) (1536-1571)
* [[Titianus Vecellii]] seu Vecellius (Tiziano Vecellio) (1488-1576)
* [[Maphaeus Vegius]] (Maffeo Vegio) (1407-1458)
* [[Didacus Velazquius]] (Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez) (1559-1660)
* [[Sebastianus Venetus]] (Sebastiano del Piombo) (circa 1485-1547)
* [[Faustus Verantius]] (Faust Vrančić) (1551-1617)
* [[Polydorus Vergilius]] aut [[Polydorus Virgilius|Virgilius]] (Polidoro Virgili) (circa 1470- 1555)
* [[Petrus Martyr Vermilius]] (Pietro Martire Vermigli) (1499-1562)
* [[Richardus Versteganus]] (Richard Rowlands) (circa 1548-1640)
* [[Iohannes Sulpitius Verulanus]] (Giovanni Sulpizio da Veroli) (floruit 1470-1490)
* [[Andreas Vesalius]] (Andries van Wesel) (1514-1564)
* [[Ioannes Vesleius]] (John Wesley) (1703-1791)
* [[Americus Vespucius]] (Amerigo Vespucci) (1451-1512)
* [[Ianus Verazanus]] (Giovanni da Verrazano) (1485-1528)
* [[Iosephus Verdius]] (Giuseppe Verdi) (1813-1901)
* [[Scotus Viator (auctor pseudonymus)|Scotus Viator]] (Robert William Seton-Watson) (1879-1951)
* [[Thomas Viatus]] (Thomas Wyatt) (1503-1542)
* [[Ioannes Galeacius Vicecomes]] (Gian Galeazzo Visconti) (1351-1402)
* [[Petrus Victorius]] (Pietro Vettori) (1499-1585)
* [[Aeneas Vicus]] (Enea Vico) (1523-1567)
* [[Franciscus Vieta]] (François Viète) (1540-1603)
* [[Otho Hollandus Villiamius]] (Otho Holland Williams) (1749-1794)
* [[Leonardus Vincius]] (Leonardo da Vinci) ([[1452]]-[[1519]]) 
* [[Petrus de Vinea]] (Pier delle Vigne) (1190 circa-1249)
* [[Mutius Vitellescus]] (Muzio Vitelleschi) (1563-1645)
* [[Gisbertus Voetius]] (Gijsbert Voet) (1589-1676)
* [[Canadonus Voiacata]] (Ashikaga Yoshiaki) (1537-1597)
* [[Melchior Volmarius]] (Melchior Volmar) ([[1497]]–[[1560]])
* [[Voltarius]]&lt;ref&gt;''Voltarii Henriados: editio nova, Latinis versibus &amp; Gallicis, q. dedicat [[:en:Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg|Carolo-Theodoro]], [[Calcius Cappavallis]]'', 1772.&lt;/ref&gt; (Voltaire, vere François Marie Arouet) (1694-1778)
* [[Gerardus Vossius|Gerardus Iohannis Vossius]] (Gerrit Janzoon Vos) (1577-1649)
* [[Petrus Vrangelus]] (Pëtr Nikolaevič Vrangel') (1878-1928)

== W ==
[[Fasciculus:Johanna Elisabeth Weston.jpg|thumb|Elisabetha Ioanna Westonia]]
* [[Albertus Wallensteinius]], Dux Fridlandiae&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/cluever/cluever4.html] textus [[universitas Manhemiensis]]. Lectum 21 Iulii 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camena/bald1/baldepoemata1-toc.html] Iacobi Balde e Societate Jesu Lyricorum Liber Primus, [[CAMENA]]: Lectum 21 Iulii 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; seu Albertus Waldsteinius dux Fridlandiae&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=HHoRAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA30&amp;lpg=PA30&amp;dq=dux+Fridlandiae&amp;source=web&amp;ots=3UTM7EBVFS&amp;sig=0mFE7xxci6ucx5w-DhVpcnRbICE&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ct=result#PPP5,M1 Liber apud books.google.de] &quot;De Alberto Waldsteinio duce proditore&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; plenius Albertus Wenceslaus Eusebius Waldsteinius dux Fridlandiae&lt;ref&gt;''Znovu o Valdštejnovi'' [http://www.jicinsko.cz/nn/01/07/nn107-b.htm] {{ling|Bohemice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna ~ Vojtěch Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna) ([[1583]]-[[1634]])
* [[Georgius Washingtonius]] (George Washington) ([[1732]]-[[1799]])
* [[Accius Watanabeus]] (Akihiko Watanabe) (1973-)
* [[Erhardus Weigelius]] (Erhard Weigel) (1625-1699)
* [[Ioachim Westphalus]] (Joachim Westphal) (1510-1574)
* [[Elisabetha Ioanna Westonia]] (Elizabeth Jane Weston) (1581-1612)
* [[Carolus Antonius Wetstenius]] (Carel Antoni de Wetstein) (1742-1797)
*[[Iohannes Rodolfus Wetsteinius]] (Johann Rudolf Wettstein) (1594-1666)
*[[Woodrovius Wilsonius]] (Woodrow Wilson) (1856-1924)
* [[Ioannes Hildebrandus Withofius]] (Johann Hildebrand Withof) ([[1694]]-[[1769]])
* [[Ioannes Philippus Laurentius Withofius]] (Johann Philipp Lorenz Withof) ([[1725]]-[[1789]])
* [[Fridericus Augustus Wolfius]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Prolegomena ad Homerum]] . . . scripsit Frid. Aug. Wolfius. Volumen I. Halis Saxonum: e libraria Orphanotrophei, 1795.&lt;/ref&gt; (Friedrich August Wolf) ([[1759]]–[[1824]])
* [[Thomas Wolsa]] (Thomas Wolsey) ([[1475]]–[[1530]])
* [[Olaus Wormius]] (Ole Worm) (1588-1654)
* [[Henricus Wottonius]] (Henry Wotton) (1568-1639)
* [[Daniel Albertus Wyttenbachius]] (Daniel Albert Wyttenbach) (1746-1820) 

== X ==
[[Fasciculus:Wilhelm Xylander (12158348).jpg|thumb|Guilielmus Xylander]]
* [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] (Satake Yoshinobu) (1570-1633)
* [[Xandrames]] (Dhana Nanda) (IV saeculum a.C.n.-321 a.C.n.)
* [[Franciscus Xaverius|Franciscus Xavierus]] (Francisco de Jasso Azpilicueta Atondo y Aznares de Javier) (1506-1556)
* [[Xengandonus]] (Arima Haruzumi) (1483-1566)
* [[Xibatadonus]] (Shibata Katsuie) (1522-1583)
* [[Ximonda Daisem]] (Ishimoda Muneyori) (1584-1647)
* [[Constantinus Xiungendonus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Daniel Papebrochius, ''Acta sanctorum quotquot toto orbe coluntur, vel a catholicis scriptoribus celebrantur, quae ex latinis et graecis, tomus secundus'' (Parisiis, 1863): 765 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Acta_sanctorum_quotquot_toto_orbe_colunt/22n91tzTnNgC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Gratia+Jacundonus&amp;pg=PA765&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; (Maeda Shigekatsu) (1852-1621)
* [[Rodericus Ximenius|Rodericus Ximenius Toletanus]] (Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada) (1170-1247)
* [[Fidetadda Xogunsama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; (Tokugawa Hidetada) (1579-1632)
* [[Xunchius]] (Shùnzhì) (1638-1611)
* [[Guilielmus Xylander]] (Wilhelm Holtzman) (1532-1576)

== Y ==
* [[Yzit I (calipha Omayadarum)|Yzit I]] (Yazīd I ibn Muʿāwiya) (645-683)
* [[Yzit II (calipha Omayadarum)|Yzit II]] (Yazid II ibn 'Abd al-Malik) (690-724)
* [[Yzit III (calipha Omayadarum)|Yzit III]] (Yazīd ibn al-Walīd) (701-744)

== Z ==
* [[Zamalucus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; (Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, qui dicitur &quot;Nizim-ul Mulk&quot;) (1518-1580)
* [[Nicolaus Serinius (1508–1566)|Nicolaus Zarinus]] ([[Hungarice]] Miklós Zrínyi aut [[Croatice]] Nikola Šubić Zrinski) (1508-1566)
* [[Huldrichus Zasius]] (Ulrich Zäsy) ([[1461]]–[[1536]])
* [[Zeonises]] (Jihonika) (floruit circa 20–40)
* [[Zizimus]] (Cem) (1459–1495)
* [[Zoroastres]] seu Zoroaster (Zarathuštra) (IX saeculum a.C.n.–VIII saeculum a.C.n.)
* [[Thaddaeus Zuccarus]] (Taddeo Zuccari) (1529–1566)
* [[Zungchinius]] (Chongzhen) (1611-1644)
* [[Zungteus]] (Huang Taiji) (1592–1643)
* [[Ioannes Baptista Zupus]] (Giovanni Battista Zupi) (circiter [[1590]]–[[1650]])
* [[Huldericus Zvinglius]] (Ulrich Zwingli) ([[1484]]–[[1531]])

{{NexInt}}
*[[Index nominum]]
*[[Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi]]
*[[Lexicon Nominum Virorum et Mulierum]] 

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Indices nominum]]</text>
      <sha1>5qgezpqdiczrgthtbbmox0vxv30610l</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Sorghum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="4863" sha1="lri6rwzi27ra0357jo1fpkt3eqrd16w" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus italicus}}
{{taxobox
|image = Sorghum.jpg
|regnum = [[Planta]]e
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocotyledones]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinidae]]
|ordo = [[Poales]]
|familia = [[Poaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Panicoideae]]
|tribus = [[Andropogoneae]]
|genus = '''''Sorghum'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = [[Species (taxinomia)|Species]]
|subdivision = Circa 30 species; vide commentarium.
|}}

{{ires|Sorghum}} est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] cui sunt multae [[Poaceae|Poacearum]] [[species (taxinomia)|species]], quarum aliae pro [[frumentum|frumento]] excoluntur et multae pro [[pabulum|pabulo]] sunt, vel excultae vel in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ager pascua|agris pascuis|en|qid=Q30121}} crescentes. Plantae in [[clima]]tibus [[calor|calidioribus]] per [[orbis terrarem|orbem terrarum]] excoluntur. Species in zonis [[zona tropica|tropicis]] et [[zona subtropica|subtropicis]] omnium [[continens|continentium]] [[endemismus|endemicae]] sunt, inter quos [[Oceania]] et [[Australasia]].&lt;!-- For details on commercially exploited sorghum, see [[commercial sorghum]].--&gt;

== Species ==
{{div col|2}}
* ''[[Sorghum almum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum amplum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum angustum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum arundinaceum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum bicolor]]'' (prima species exculta)
* ''[[Sorghum brachypodum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum bulbosum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum burmahicum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum controversum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum drummondii]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum ecarinatum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum exstans]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum grande]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum halepense]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum interjectum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum intrans]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum laxiflorum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum leiocladum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum macrospermum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum matarankense]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum miliaceum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum nigrum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum nitidum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum plumosum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum propinquum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum purpureosericeum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum stipoideum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum timorense]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum trichocladum]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum versicolor]]'' 
* ''[[Sorghum virgatum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum vulgare]]''
{{div col end}}

== Hybridae ==
*''Sorghum × almum''
*''Sorghum × drummondii''

== Bibliographia ==
* [Commentatio ignota] in ''Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution'' vol. 48 (2001), pp. 131–142
* A. B. L. Stemler, J. R. Harlan, J. M. J. de Wet, &quot;The Sorghums of Ethiopia&quot; in ''Economic Botany'' vol. 31 (1977) pp. 446-460. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4253874 JSTOR.]
* Andrew Watson, ''Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world.'' Cambridge University Press.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat}}
{{Vicispecies}}
{{Fontes biologici}}
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/sorghum.html &quot;Alternative Field Crops,&quot;] apud www.hort.purdue.edu
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0818e/T0818E00.HTM &quot;Sorghum and millets in human nutrition,&quot;] apud www.fao.org (1995)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100505233003/http://www.fao.org/inpho/content/compend/toc_main.htm#TopOfPage &quot;Compendium on post-harvest operations,&quot;] apud www.fao.org
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050324042221/http://www.icrisat.org/text/research/grep/homepage/sorghum/sorghumhomepage.htm De sorgho,] apud www.icrisat.org (ICRISAT)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090911064046/http://amarillo.tamu.edu/programs/irrigtce/publications/Grain%20Sorghum%20Irrigation%20B-6152.pdf Inrigatio sorghi,] apud amarillo.tamu.edu
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071202074553/http://www.grains.org/galleries/default-file/Sorghum%20Handbook.pdf &quot;Liber manualis de sorgho,] apud www.grains.org
*[http://www.sorghumgrowers.com &quot;National Grain Sorghum Producers,&quot;] apud www.sorghumgrowers.com
*[http://www.ca.uky.edu/nssppa/production.html &quot;National Sweet Sorghum Producers and Processors Association,&quot;] apud www.ca.uky.edu
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100115115217/http://www.phytozome.net/sorghum &quot;Preliminary assembly and annotation of sorghum bicolor genome,&quot;] apud www.phytozome.net
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090618084047/http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/11762.html &quot;Risk management of cyanide (prussic acid) and nitrates in sorghum crops,&quot;] apud www2.dpi.qld.gov.au
*[http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&amp;doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030013 &quot;Sequencing of the Sorghum Genome by Methylation Filtration,&quot;] apud biology.plosjournals.org
*[http://www.grains.org/page.ww?section=Barley%2C+Corn+%26+Sorghum&amp;name=Sorghum Situs publicus &quot;US Grains Council,&quot;] apud www.grains.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070429022343/http://weedsoft.unl.edu/documents/GrowthStagesModule/Sorghum/Sorg.htm Stationes auctus sorghi] apud weedsoft.unl.edu

[[Categoria:Agricultura tropica]]
[[Categoria:Frumenta]]
[[Categoria:Genera plantarum]]
[[Categoria:Pabula]]
[[Categoria:Sorghum|!]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]]
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arnus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>54139</id>
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      <text bytes="3144" sha1="igqrcexgagu70j643bxe7xtz7csgtd2" xml:space="preserve">{{Amnes (Flumina)
|Nomen                       = Arnus
|Nomen_vulgarium             = '''Arno'''
|Imago                       = [[Fasciculus:Italy - Pisa - Ponte di Mezzo.jpg|300px|Pisarum Arnus ex aere]]
|Inscriptio_imaginis         = ''Pisarum Arnus ex aere''
|Nomina_latina               = Arnus {{victio|Arnus|i|m}}
|Nomina_vulgaria             = Arno
|Longitudo                   = 241
|Moles_decussis              = 110
|Altitudo principii          = 1.385
|Area                        = 8.228
|Principium                  = [[Mons Falteronae]]
|Ostium                      = [[Mare Tyrrhenicum]]&lt;br /&gt; ([[Marina Pisana]])
|Amnes_influentes            = [[Hera (flumen)|Hera]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Elsa (flumen)|Elsa]]
|Altera                      = 
|Terrae                      = [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italia]] [[Italia]]
|Regiones                    = [[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Tuscany.svg|15px|Tuscia]] [[Tuscia]]
|Provinciae                  = [[Provincia Arretina]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Urbs metropolitana Florentina|U.m. Florentina]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Provincia Pratensis]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Provincia Pisana]]
|Urbes_principes             = [[Florentia]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Pisae]]
|postscripta                 = [[:la:Categoria:Flumina Italiae|Flumina Italiae]]
|tabula                      = [[Fasciculus:LocationArno.PNG|300px|Arni collocatio]]
}}
'''Arnus'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.it/books?id=UvsEaRJt0ZAC&amp;dq=Il+mondo+antico,+moderno,+e+novissimo,+tomo+1&amp;hl=it&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo'', Tomo primo]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Castiglioni}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Arnus|i|m}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Arno|Arno]]'') est flumen in [[Tuscia]], regionibus [[Italia|Italicis]]. 

==Decursus==
Ex [[Mons Falteronae|Falteronis]] Mons Arnus nascitur, et per urbes [[Arretium|Arretiii]], [[Florentia]]e atque [[Pisae|Pisarum]], ad occidentem solem in [[Mare Tyrrhenicum]] decurrit.

== Amnes influentes ==
* [[Bisentium (flumen)|Bisentium]]),
* [[Clanis]],
* [[Ebula]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Egola|Egola]]''),
* [[Elsa]] vel [[Aelsa]], 
* [[Greve (flumen)|Greve]] (Gen. ''Grevis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Greve (fiume)|Greve]]''),
* [[Hera (flumen)|Hera]] vel [[Era (flumen)|Era]],
* [[Iuxiana]] vel [[Gusciana]],
* [[Pesa (flumen)|Pesa]], ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pesa (fiume)|Pesa]]''),
* [[Piscia (flumen)|Piscia]],
* [[Seve (flumen)|Seve]] (Gen. ''Sevis'') et [[Sieve (flumen)|Sieve]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sieve|Sieve]]''),
* [[Umbro Pistoriensis]],
* [[Vingo]] (Gen. ''Vingonis''') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Vingone|Vingone]]''),

** [[Canalis Decumulator Arni]] seu [[Canalis Decumulator Arnonicus]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Tuscia]],
* [[Vallis Arnonica]],
* [[Ostium Arnonicum]],
* [[Clusentinus]],
* [[Falteronae mons]],
* [[Marina Pisana]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060216041421/http://www.arno.autoritadibacino.it/ Auctoritas Arni Vallis]

== Alia coepta Vici ==
{{commonscat|Arno River|Arnum}}

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{flumen-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Arnus|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iuliana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55428</id>
    <revision>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="1190" sha1="166jryk7ef6kuiop31lharyfcolzxcw" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Femininum
	| origo = Latina
	| significatio = “mulier Iulii”
	| imago = Giulianafalconieri.jpg
	| capitulum = [[Iuliana Falconiera]], sancta Italica
}}

{{res|Iuliana}} est [[praenomen]] femininum, a [[Iulia]] ortum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/juliana Juliana]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma masculina praenominis est [[Iulianus (nomen)|Iulianus]]. [[Gilliana]] est forma antiqua [[Anglica]] huius praenominis.

== Mulieres ==
* [[Iuliana (regina Nederlandiae)|Iuliana]], regina Nederlandensis
* [[Anicia Iuliana]]
* [[Iuliana Anderson]]
* [[Iuliana De Sio]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iuliana Falconiera||it|qid=Q292196}}
* [[Iulianna Lusenge]]
* [[Iuliana Moore]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iuliana Nicomediensis||d|qid=Q241423}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iuliana Nordovicensis||en|qid=Q236699}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Iulianopolis]], vulgo ''Giuliana'', urbs Italiae
* [[Julienne (Carantonus)]]

[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Dacoromanica]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aegidius Deleuze</title>
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    <id>55810</id>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="32075" sha1="aea82nnxhfjf7gmgdlngmm9jp97829p" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Aegidius Ludovicus Renatus Deleuze}} ([[Francogallice]] ''Gilles Louis René Deleuze'' [{{IPA|ʒil dəˈløːz}}] (natus [[Lutetia]]e die [[18 Ianuarii]] [[1925]]; ibidem mortuus die [[4 Novembris]] [[1995]])) fuit [[philosophus]] [[Francia|Francicus]], cuius [[theoria]] [[mos|more]] [[structuralismus|structuralismo]], [[postmodernismus|postmodernismo]], [[metaphilosophia|metaphilosophiaque]] est.

Deleuze, post promotionem Lyceo Carnot, de [[philosophia]], [[litterae|litteris]], [[pellicula|pelliculis]], et [[ars|arte]] scribere solebat, annoque [[1957]] creatus est professor [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitatis Parisiensis]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=Deleuze erat doctor Universitatis Parisiensis, vel {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Universitas Sorbonensis|Universitatis Sorbonnensis|en|qid=Q41497113}},{{dubsig}} pre{{dubsig}} dissolutionem illius [[schola]]e. Post dissolutionem docuit in Universitatis Parisiensis VIII ''Vincennes/St. Denis.''|2=Q41497113|group=note|name=:0}} Post turbas Francicas anni 1968, Deleuze creatus est professor Universitatis Parisiensis VIII ''Vincennes-Saint-Denis'', et ibi manebat usque ad annum [[1987]]. Eius libri ''[[L'Anti-Oedipe|Anti-Oedipus: capitalismus et dissidentia phrenetica]]'' (scriptus 1972) et ''Mille planities'' (scriptus 1980),&lt;ref group=note&gt; Francogallice ''Capitalisme et schizophrénie: L'anti-Œdipe'' et ''Mille plateaux.''&lt;/ref&gt; quos ab ipso cum [[Petrus Felix Guattari|Petro Felice Guattari]] scribebantur, eius libri maximi hodie habentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Philos, Nurs. [[doi:10.1111/j.1466-769X.2007.00306.x.|&quot;Capitalism, Psychiatry, and Schizophrenia: A Critical Introduction to Deleuze and Guattari's Anti-Oedipus.&quot;]] ''Nursing Philosophy'', (2007). Accessum December 17, 2024. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Smith, Daniel W.; Protevi, John; Voss, Daniela. &quot;[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/deleuze/ Gilles Deleuze.]&quot; ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (&quot;Summer 2023 edition&quot;). Retrieved{{dubsig}} December 17, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Differentia et repetitio,'' tractatus [[metaphysica|metaphysicus]] a Deleuze scriptus, consideratur quoque a scholaribus philosophiae postmodernismi maximum librum suum esse.

Magna pars indicis suorum librorum animadvertit opera philosphorum aliorum, ut [[Placita Stoicorum|Stoicorum]], [[Immanuel Kantius|Immanuelis Kantii]], [[Fridericus Nietzsche|Friderici Nietzsche]], [[Benedictus de Spinoza|Benedicti de Spinoza]], et [[Henricus Bergson|Henrici Bergson]]. Appellatur &quot;apud philosophos maximos&quot; a philosopho Anglico Adriano Gulielmo Moore&lt;ref&gt;A. W. Moore, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vo-ZLmfwe_oC&amp;pg=PA543#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false The Evolution of Modern Metaphysics: Making Sense of Things],'' Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 543.&lt;/ref&gt; et quoque &quot;unum de philosophis gratiossimis et fecundissimis Francicis dimidii secundi saeculi vicesimi post Christum natum&quot; a doctore philosophiae Americano Daniele Smith,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Deleuze notus est reiectioni suae conceptus &quot;finis [[Metaphysica|metaphysicae]],&quot; a [[Martinus Heidegger|Martino Heidegger]] propositae. Notus est quoque et conceptibus suis ''rhizomae, multiplicitatis,'' et ''arborescendi,''&lt;ref&gt;Scott, John, and Gordon Marshall. 2015. ''[[doi:10.1093/acref/9780199533008.001.0001|A Dictionary of Sociology]]''. 3rd ed. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt; et conceptui suo ''differentiae.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://iep.utm.edu/gilles-deleuze/ Gilles Deleuze.]&quot; Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Accessed December 17, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Opera et philosophia Aegidii Deleuze multas disciplinas affecerunt, ut [[Ars|artem]], [[Litterae|litteras]], [[Architectura|architecturam]], [[Geographia|geographiam]], [[Anthropologia|anthropologiam]], et cetera.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== De Vita ==
=== De iuventute ===
Aegidius Ludovicus Renatus Deleuze in [[Lutetia|Lutetiae Parisiorum]] natus est die [[18 Ianuarii]] [[1925]], et per maximam partem vitae suae ibi in [[Circumdarium|Circumdario XVII]] habitavit. Dixit ipse [[adulescentia]]m suam tensionem{{dubsig}} antebelli{{dubsig}} habere, et se [[familia]]m &quot;incultam&quot; faeneratorum ordinis habere.&lt;ref&gt;Boutang, Pierre-André, director. [[iarchive:2nz_20200124|''L'abécédaire de Gilles Deleuze''.]] La Fémis, 1996. 7 hr., 30 min.&lt;/ref&gt; Illo tempore [[mundus|mundum]] modo politico videre et investigare coepit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Marks, John. 1998. ''Gilles Deleuze: Vitalism and Multiplicity''. Londinii: Pluto Press.&lt;/ref&gt;

Quando incipit [[secundum bellum mundanum]] familia sua iter recreatorium in [[Deauville]] faciebat, et in principio belli ibi mansit; Deleuze doctus est in Lyceo illius oppidi a Petro Halwachs, quo introduxit ei opera [[Anatolius France|Anatolii France]] et [[Carolus Baudelaire|Caroli Baudelaire]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Bell, Jeffrey A., and John K. Roth. 2000. ''World Philosophers and Their Works''. 1st ed. Pasadenae: Salem Press.&lt;/ref&gt; Revenit Deleuze ad Lutetiam post initium belli, et in Lyceo Carnot&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt; Francice: ''Lycée Carnot'' seu ''École Monge.''&lt;/ref&gt; incumbuit studiis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Tum continuavit studia in Lyceo Henrici IV Deleuze doctus quoque est a philosopho [[Ioannes Hippolytus Mariéjol|Ioanne Hippolyto]], quo docuit ei philosophiam [[Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus Hegel|Hegelii]].&lt;ref&gt;Smith, Donald W. &quot;[https://deleuze.cla.purdue.edu/people/jean-hippolyte/ Gilles Deleuze.]&quot; The Deleuze Seminars. Purdue University, December 13, 2021. &lt;/ref&gt;

Ut philosophiam studeret Deleuze anno 1944 venit in Universitatem Parisiensem, ubi doctus est a nonnullis philosophis Francicis, ut Georgio Canguilhelm, Ferdinando Alquié, et Mauritio de Gandillac.  

Dum Francia occupabatur a [[Germania nazistica]] frater Aegidii Deleuze, nomine Georgius Deleuze, in custodiam coniectus est a militibus [[Regimen Viciacense|Regiminis Viciacensis]], et dum in castram carceraliam adducebatur periit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Dosse, François. 2011. ''[https://cup.columbia.edu/book/gilles-deleuze-and-felix-guattari/9780231145619 Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari: Intersecting Lives.]'' 1st ed. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== De curriculo academico matutino ===

Post bellum Deleuze anno 1948 e probatione philosophiae&lt;ref group=note&gt;Francice: ''agrégation de philosophie.''&lt;/ref&gt; feliciter evasit et coepit philosophiam in lycea nonnulla docere. Scripsit 1953 monographiam primam suam, nomine ''Empirismus et Ingenium'' (Francice: ''Empirisme et subjectivité'') de [[David Humius|Davide Humio]].&lt;ref&gt;Voss, Daniela. 2013. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt3fgr7x ''Conditions of Thought: Deleuze and Transcendental Ideas''.] 1st ed. Edinburgi: Edinburgh University Press. &lt;/ref&gt; Iam in hoc opere matutino scribebat Deleuze partes fundationis philosophiae suae:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Isn't this the answer to the question &quot;what are we?&quot; We are habits, nothing but habits — the habit of saying &quot;I.&quot; Perhaps, there is no more striking answer to the problem of the Self. We could certainly prolong this list, which already testifies to the genius of Hume.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Nonne hoc responsum est quaestioni &quot;quid sumus?&quot; Habiti sumus, nihil nisi habiti — habitus &quot;ego&quot; dicendi. Fortasse non est responsum notabilius problemati Ipsius. Certe possumus hoc indicem prorogare, qui iam genio Humii testificatur.&lt;ref&gt;Deleuze, Gilles. 1953. ''[http://www.elimeyerhoff.com/books/Deleuze/Deleuze%20-%20Empiricism%20and%20Subjectivity.pdf Empiricism and Subjectivity: An Essay on Hume's Theory of Human Nature.]'' Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Duxit Dionysiam &quot;Fanny&quot; Grandjouan in matrimonium anno 1956. Duos liberos habuit cum ea, Iulianus et Aemilia Deleuze nominantur.&lt;ref&gt;Whitney, Craig R. &quot;[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/07/world/gilles-deleuze-70-french-professor-and-author.html Gilles Deleuze, 70, French Professor and Author.]&quot; ''New York Times'' (Novi Eboraci), November 7, 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;

Anno 1957 Deleuze professorem factus est [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitatis Parisiensis]], et a 1960 ad 1964 erat quoque doctor Centri Nationalis Investigationi Scientiali (Francice: ''Centre National de Recherche Scientifique,'' CNRS). Donec in CNRS laborabat librum magnum, nomine ''Nietzsche et Philosophia,'' anno 1962 scribebat. In hoc tempore favit quoque [[Michael Foucault|Michaelem Foucault]], alterum philosophum notum.&lt;ref&gt;Schönher, Mathias. &quot;[[doi:10.16995/lefou.8|Deleuze, a Split with Foucault.]]&quot; ''Le Foucaldien'' ''1'', no. 1 (2015): 2. Accessed December 17, 2024. &lt;/ref&gt;

A 1964 ad 1969 erat professorem [[Universitas Lugdunensis|Universitatis Lugdunensis]], ubi discipuli sui a illi imprimebantur: &quot;Tantum erat charisma suum ut poteremus muscas bombientes audire.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Post Maium 68 et societas cum Felice Guattari ===
[[Fasciculus:1968-05 Évènements de mai à Bordeaux - Rue Paul-Bert 2.jpg|thumb|Via obstructa a concitatoribus [[Burdigala|Burdigalensibus]] inter turbis Maii 68]]
Pars turbarum mundarum anni 1968 erat turbae Francicae in urbe [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]]. Disciupli [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitatis Parisiensis]] et operarii ut [[Capitalismus|capitalismum]], [[Imperialismus|imperalismum]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanum]], et institutiones tralaticias interpellarent opus intermisserunt et pugnaverunt vigiles.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2018/04/05/1968-was-no-mere-year 1968 Was No Mere Year.]&quot; ''The Economist'' (Londinii), April 7, 2018. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Knabb, Ken. 2006. [[iarchive:SituationistInternationalAnthology/page/n299/mode/2up|''Situationist International Anthology''.]] Berkleiae: Bureau of Public Secrets. &lt;/ref&gt; In apice huius tumulti, nomine Maius 68, inflammabantur autocineta et obstruebantur viae obstructionibus a concitatoribus turbae aedificatis.&lt;ref&gt;Rubin, Alissa J. &quot;[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/05/world/europe/france-may-1968-revolution.html May 1968: A Month of Revolution Pushed France Into the Modern World.]&quot; ''New York Times'' (Novi Eboraci), May 5, 2018. &lt;/ref&gt; 

Turbae mutavit, dissolvendo [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitatem Parisiensem ''Sorbonne'']] creandoque Universitatem Parisiensem VIII ''Vincennes-Saint-Denis,'' locum in quo Deleuze docebat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt; Sed turbae mutavit quoque philosophiam suam: philosophia differentiae sua fiebat philosophia politica. Post turbas Deleuze coepit demonstrare quo modo res ''conductae'' mundi, e.g. corpora conducta quae scientiam digerunt, institutio conducta philosophiae, etc., producta sunt virium historicarum et politicarum, inter se pugnantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Post hoc Deleuze non desiit adiuvare turbas anni 1968; fidem suam obligavit saepe tumultibus illi anno, et tanta erat auctoritas huius eventus ut hoc scriberet de se commentario Francico ''Magazine Littéraire'' anno 1988: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Distinguishing features: travelled little, never joined the Communist Party, was never either a phenomenologist or a Heideggerian, never renounced Marx, never repudiated May 68.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Notae propriae: rare peregrinatus est, numquam iunxit [[Factio communistica Francica|factionem communisticam]], numquam fuit vel discipulus [[Phaenomenologia|phaenomonologiae]] vel discipulus [[Martinus Heidegger|Martini Heidegger]], numquam renuntiavit [[Carolus Marx|Carolum Marx]], numquam renuntiavit Maium 68.&lt;ref&gt;Maniglier, Patrice. &quot;[http://www.ladeleuziana.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Maniglier.eng_.pdf May 68 in Theory (and in Practice).]&quot; ''La Deleuziana'' ''8'', (2018). Accessed December 17, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

[[Fasciculus:フェリックス・ガタリ.jpg|thumb|[[Petrus Felix Guattari|Felix Guattari]]]]
Post Maium 68 Deleuze favit [[Petrus Felix Guattari|Felicem Guattari]], philosophum politicum et scholarem [[psychoanalysis]], et societatem cum eo fecit. Guattari, qui notus erat in communitate Francica communisticorum, docuit quoque in Universitate Parisiense VIII. Una scripserunt anno 1972 librum primum suorum, nomine ''[[L'Anti-Oedipe|Anti-Oedipus]];'' hic liber ac celebrabatur ac reprehendebatur a philosophis Francicis et ceteri Europae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Post octo annos scripserunt librum secundum, nomine ''Mille planities.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Deleuze in Universitate Parisiense VIII docuit philosophiam per duodeviginti annos, et anno 1987 a munere decessit. Post cursus suum honorum dixit de vita sua nonnumquam, et Deleuze, maritus et cum duobus liberis, vixit vitam professoris normalis Francici.&lt;ref&gt;Miller, James. 2000. [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674001572 ''The Passion of Michel Foucault''.] Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press. &lt;/ref&gt; Quando olim rogatus est de vita sua, responsit ei: &quot;Vitae academicorum rarenter excitant studium.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Deleuze, Gilles. 1997. ''[https://cup.columbia.edu/book/negotiations-1972-1990/9780231075817 Negotiations]''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Morbus ac mors ===
In anno 1968 [[Phthisis|tubercolosem]] contraxit et pulmo suus ablatus est. Deleuze, qui saepe sustulerat in iuventute morbos respirandi et solebat [[Sigarellum|fumare]],&lt;ref&gt;Deleuze, Gilles. &quot;[https://www.ammppu.org/litterature/deleuze.htm Gilles Deleuze et les médecins.]&quot; ''Magazine Littéraire'' (Lutetiae), September 8, 1988. &lt;/ref&gt; per ultimam partem vitae suae problemata salutis et respirando toleravit; salus sua peior fit, et obrutus est morbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Die 4 Novembris 1995 Deleuze sibi consciit mortem a se fenestra membri sui iactando.&lt;ref&gt;Kirkup, James. &quot;[https://www.the-independent.com/news/people/obituary-gilles-deleuze-5641650.html OBITUARY: Gilles Deleuze.]&quot; ''The Independent'' (Londinii), November 7, 1995. &lt;/ref&gt; Habuit 70 annos. 

Post mortem celebrabatur Deleuze communitate mundanorum philosophiarum et comentariis mundi. Philosophi Francici cum amico eius Ioanno Francisco Lyotard dixerunt eum &quot;inventorem, innocentum, fugitivum&quot; esse;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Rogerius Pol Droit dixit eum &quot;philosophum pluralem ac valde unicum&quot; esse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Droit, Roger-Pol. &quot;[https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1995/11/07/gilles-deleuze-un-penseur-pluriel-et-pourtant-tres-singulier_3890358_1819218.html Gilles Deleuze, Un Penseur Pluriel Et Pourtant Très Singulier.]&quot; ''Le Monde'' (Lutetiae), November 7, 1995. &lt;/ref&gt; In funere eius [[Iacobus Derrida]], alius philosophus notus et amicus eius, de Aegidio Deleuze laudem dedit, et ait de eo:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Oui, nous aurons tous aimé la philosophie... Mais, c'est vrai, il l'a dit, Deleuze était de tous, dans cette «génération», celui qui en «faisait» le plus gaiement, le plus innocemment... C'était sans doute la condition pour laisser en profondeur, dans la philosophie de ce siècle, la marque qui restera la sienne, incomparable. La marque d'un grand philosophe et d'un grand professeur.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Ita, nos omnes philosophiam amaverimus... sed, ita vero, is ipse ait, Deleuze erat omnium illorum in hac &quot;generatione&quot; qui felicissime purissimeque &quot;fecit&quot;... Hoc sine dubio erat conditio super philosophiam huius saeculi notae profundae ponendae, nota quae semper sua ipsa remanebit, incomparabilis. Nota philosophi magni ac professoris magni.&lt;ref&gt;Derrida, Jacques. &quot;[https://www.liberation.fr/culture/1995/11/07/il-me-faudra-errer-tout-seul_149753/ Il me faudra errer tout seul.]&quot; ''Libération'' (Lutetii), November 7, 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Deleuze sepultus est in coemeterio vici Sancti Leonardi de Noblat (Francice: ''Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat'').&lt;ref&gt;Landru, Philippe. &quot;[https://www.landrucimetieres.fr/spip/spip.php?article2932 DELEUZE Gilles.]&quot; Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs. August 6, 2011. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Philosophia ==

=== Empirismus transcendentalis ===

==== ''Quid est philosophia?'' et ''Differentia et repetitio'' ====
[[Fasciculus:Immanuel Kant portrait c1790.jpg|thumb|left|[[Immanuel Kantius]], cuius philosophia idealismi transcendentali a Deleuze reprehensa est ]]
In ''Quid est philosophia?'', scripto 1991, Deleuze et Guattari locuti sunt philosophiam creationem conceptuum esse. Negaverunt philosophiam esse rem reflexionis vel communicationis; fecerunt potius philosophiam systemam ''movendi.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Id est, philosophia debet quam ad constantes &quot;veritates universitates&quot; reverti sicut ''theatrum'' fieri, mutans semper sine una origine permanente. Igitur oportet philosophiam, secundum Deleuze, mundum videre qua mutantem et moventem semper.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Deleuze cum ''Differentia et repetitio,'' scripto 1968, conatus est philosophiam differentiae facere, et hic liber non solum attentat hanc systemam movendi et differentiae in traditione philosophorum differentiae, ut [[Iacobus Derrida|Iacobi Derrida]] et Ioanni Francisci Lyotard, ponere, sed attentat quoque de &quot;differentia in se&quot; cogitare. Deleuze ait differentiam modum rerum distinguendarum esse, vel &quot;determinatio ''in se.''&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

Mutavit Deleuze idealismum transcendentalem [[Immanuel Kantius|Kantii]] et [[Empirismus|empirismum]] Humii, et synthesim fecit cum his philosophis duis ut crearet philosophiam novam observandi geneses, vel principia transcendentalia, experientiae verae. Creando philosophiam novam ''fiendi'' ac ''creandi'', nomine ''empirismus transcendentalis,'' Deleuze philosophiam fecit sine universalitate Kantii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Deleuze credit philosophiam ipsam creantem esse, et igitur ait quoque conceptus esse neque cohaerentes neque restringentes, sed mutantes et creantes semper.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Jovićević, Andrej. &quot;[https://epochemagazine.org/41/concepts-between-kant-and-deleuze-from-transcendental-idealism-to-transcendental-empiricism/ Concepts Between Kant and Deleuze: From Transcendental Idealism to Transcendental Empiricism.]&quot; ''Epoché'' ''4'', no. 41 (2021). Accessed December 19, 2024. &lt;/ref&gt; Dixit philosophiam aedificatam conceptibus creantibus esse, et ait eam &quot;res celeritatum infinitarum&quot; esse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Philosophia Aegidii Deleuze igitur non est adveniendi ad veritatem obiectivam, sed creandi conceptus.

==== De philosophis aliis ====
Criticam fecit Deleuze de idealismo transcendentale [[Immanuel Kantius|Immanuelis Kantii]], et dixit eum sola principia ''transcendentalia'' experientiae ''possibilis'' exanimavisse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Deleuze conatus est iungere idealismum transcendentalem Kantii cum descriptiones [[Empirismus|empirici]], quam transcendentales, experientiae ''verae'' [[David Humius|Davidis Humii]]. Deleuze proposuit principia humanitatis deducere potere solo initia observando experientiae ''verae''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Philosophiam [[Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus Hegel|Georgii Gulilelmi Friderici Hegel]] Deleuze putavit esse falsam, nam negavit concemptum eius qui gentem humanam proposuit potere synthesim (vel ''[[Dialectica|dialecticam]]'') uti ut ad identitatem ac unitatem terminalem progrediatur. Declaravit enim Deleuze: &quot;Igitur contradictio Hegeliana videtur differentiam ad limitem suum repellare, sed fundula est, quae ad identitatem refert...&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Deleuze, Gilles. 1968. ''Difference et Répetition''. 1st ed. Lutetii: Presses Universitaires De France.&lt;/ref&gt; Problema primum philosophiae Hegelii, secundum Deleuze, erat usus eius formae ''abstractae'' contradictionis negationisque, sicut Kantius; agitatio &quot;falsa&quot; eius sola ''representatio identitatis'' vel essentiae est, et sola vera agitatio est ''differentia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

A [[Benedictus de Spinoza|Benedicto de Spinoza]], [[Fridericus Nietzsche|Friderico Nietzsche]], et [[Henricus Bergson|Henrico Bergson]] inspiratus est Deleuze praesertim.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Sententiam criticam fecit quoque de philosophia [[Plato|Platonis]], et conatus est criticam [[Fridericus Nietzsche|Friderici Nietzsche]] contra identitatem constantem persequi; in hoc modo Deleuze conatus est quoque criticam [[Benedictus de Spinoza|Benedicti de Spinoza]] contra mores transcendentales.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Smith, Daniel W. &quot;[[doi:10.1007/s11007-006-3305-8|The Concept of the Simulacrum: Deleuze and the Overturning of Platonism.]]&quot; ''Continental Philosophy Review'' ''38'', (2006). Accessed December 19, 2024. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Capitalismus et dissidentia phrenetica'' ===
[[Fasciculus:Organs of the human body portrayed as machines to illustrate Wellcome L0030535.jpg|thumb|[[Viscera]] corporis hominis, depicta sicut [[Machina|machinas]] videri]]

==== ''Anti-Oedipus'' ====
Anno 1975 pars prima seriei Aegidii Deleuze et Felicis Guattari, titulo ''Anti-Oedipus'', scripta est. Hic liber primus contra notionem [[Sigismundus Freud|Sigismundi Freud]] scribebatur, qui descripsit partem insciam mentis (Francice: ''l'inconscient'') criticam parti sciae mentis (Francice: ''la conaissance'') intellegendo et comprehendo esse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Deleuze et Guattari putaverunt partem insciam fabricam vel machinam esse cupidini facendi; id est, cupido fit mente, quia non solo &quot;matre et patre&quot; Sigismundi Freud struitur, sed etiam struitur historia, societate, genere, et ceteribus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. 1972. ''Capitalisme Et Schizophrénie. L'anti-Œdipe''. 1st ed. Lutetii: Les Éditions de Minuit.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Cupido igitur non reprimitur, sed magis fit, et cupido quoque est ''machina;'' et cupido et obiectum cupidonis machinae sunt iungentes. Hic processus, nomine ''productio-cupiens'' (Francice: ''production désirante''), simils est conceptui ''cupidonis ad potestatem'' ([[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''der Wille zur Macht'') a [[Fridericus Nietzsche|Friderici Nietzsche]] proposito.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Scripserunt:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Pas de machines désirantes qui existent en dehors des machines sociales qu'elles forment à grande échelle; et pas de machines sociales sas les désirantes qui les peuplent à petite échelle.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Non sunt machinae-cupientes quae extra machinas-sociales existant quas formant ampliore modulo; et non sunt machinae-sociales sine machinis-desirantibus quae in eis habitant minore modulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Hic liber fuit igitur critica theoriarum Sigismundi Freud et critica quoque partium theoriarum [[Carolus Marx|Caroli Marx]]; Deleuze et Guattari pugnaverunt &quot;Freudo-Marxismum,&quot; quem consideraverunt philosophiam identitatis constantis esse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Drapanka003.jpg|thumb|left|''Drapanka,'' vel [[ovum paschale]] [[Polonia|Polonicum]] lineis cancellatum]]
Introduxerunt quoque in hoc libro conceptum ''corporis sine visceribus'' (Francice: ''corps sans organes''), corpus quod aut corpus hominis aut corpus inhumanum sit, et quod deiunctum est notione identitatis constantis, id est, notio stabilis &quot;[[Id, ego, et superego|ego.]]&quot; Corpus sine visceribus non ordinatum est, et semper fit; multas potentias habet, sed fit unam potentiam numquam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bazzano, Manu. &quot;[[doi:10.1080/13642537.2021.1961833|The Body-without-organs: A User's Manual.]]&quot; ''European Journal of Psychotherapy &amp; Counselling'' ''23'', no. 3 (2021). Accessed December 20, 2024. &lt;/ref&gt; Scripserunt:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Le corps sans organes est un œuf: il est traversé d'axes et de seuils, de latitudes, de longitudes, de géodésiques, il est traversé de'' gradients ''qui marquent les devenirs et les passages, les destinations de celui qui s'y développe.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Corpus sine visceribus ovum est: axibus liminibusque, latitudinibus, longiditudinibus, lineis sphaerae cancellatur, ''libromentis'' quae notant motus fiendi et transitiones cancellatur, destinationes cuius ibi possidet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Considerunt Deleuze et Guattari dissidentiam phreneticam, vel [[Schizophrenia|schizophreniam]], liberationem seu effugium esse a modis super mentem positis. Dissentia phrenetica, secundum Deleuze, motus est a proprietate ingenii ad insciam transcendentalem.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; 

==== ''Mille planities'' ====
[[Fasciculus:Euphorbia rhizophora2 ies.jpg|thumb|Systema [[Rhizoma|rhizomarum]] horizontalium plantae. Caules subterranei sicut haec imago ex nodis se coniungunt cum nodis alteris eiusdem systemae.]]
[[Fasciculus:Adansonia digitata.jpg|thumb|Arbor ''([[Adansonia|Adansonia digitata]]).'' Rami arboris a trunco uno diffundunt, et arbor habet et terminos et formam unicam.]]
''Mille planities,'' pars secunda seriei, scripta est anno 1980. In hic libro Deleuze et Guattari expoliverunt conceptum suos ''[[Rhizoma|rhizomae]]''. Comparaverunt ut differentiam inter cogitandum ''verticaliter,'' seu ''hierarchiae,'' et cogitandum ''horizontaliter'' illustrarent arbores et rhizomas. 

Rhizomae sunt plantis [[Caulis|caules]] subterraneae quae emittunt ex nodis [[Radix (botanica)|radices]] surculosque. Germinant ad libram horizontalem et inter se coniungunt, iungens quoque plantes super terram. Utilaverunt Deleuze et Guattari rhizomas ut demonstrarent philosophiam suas cogitandi ''horizontaliter,'' vel in Francice ''rhizomatique:'' sicut rhizomae, haec philosophia non est hierarchiae; inter se et cum conceptibus contradictis exsistunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

Distant rhizomae cum [[Arbor|arboribus]], quas Deleuze et Guattari comparaverunt cum cogitando ''verticaliter'' seu cogitando arborescendi (Francice: ''arborescence''). Putaverunt structuram arboris, quae habet [[Radix (botanica)|radices]] et fontem unam: rami a fonte seu trunco uno diffundunt, et arbor habet formam unicam. In hoc modo consideravit Deleuze philosophiam [[Plato|Platonis]] et [[Platonismus|Platonismi]] sicut arbor esse. Secundum Platonem et [[Doctrina idearum|doctrinam idearum suam]], formae sunt quae existunt in mundo supernaturali; conceptae hominis sunt imagines vel reflexiones veritatis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; 

Deleuze dixit has formas et trunco uno arboris et constanti identitati [[Sigismundus Freud|Sigismundi Freud]] assidere, et cogitandum arboris pugnavit. Cogitare verticaliter, id est ab imo ad verticem, ad [[Dictatura|dictaturam]] et [[Fascismus|fascismum]] venit secundum Deleuze.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Is melius dixit sicut structura rhizomae cogitare:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Nous sommes fatigués de l'arbre. Nous ne devons plus croire aux arbres, aux racines ni aux radicelles, nous en avons trop souffert... Au contraire, rien n'est beau, rien n'est amoureux, rien n'est politique, sauf les tiges souterraines et les racines aériennes, l'adventice et le rhizome.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Nos taedemus arboris. Non amplius debemus arbores credere, et radices et radiculas, nimis toleravimus eis... nil immo pulchrum est, nil amans est, nil politicum est, nisi caules subterraneae radicesque aerii, adventicius et rhizoma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. 1980. ''Capitalisme et Schizophrenie. Mille Plateaux''. 1st ed. Lutetii: Les Éditions de Minuit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Hic enim liber scriptus est sicut systema rhizomarum, et Deleuze comparavit conceptum rhizomae cum conceptu planitiei; titulus libri, ''Mille planities,'' ab hac comparatione venit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Dixerunt Deleuze et Guattari de planitiebus:

&lt;blockquote&gt;''Nous écrivons ce livre comme un rhizome. Nous l'avons composé de plateaux. Nous lui avons donné une forme circulaire... Chaque matin nous nous levions, et chacun de nous se demandait quels plateaux il allait prendre, écrivant cinq lignes, ici, dix lignes ailleurs.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Hoc librum scribimus quemadmodum rhizoma. Composuimus eum planitierum. Dedimus ei formam circularem... Cotidie experrecti sumus mane, et nos uterque consideravimus quas planities accepturi essemus, et scripsimus hic quinque versus, illic decem versus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Opera==

=== Opera solo scripta ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
!Francice
!Latine
!Die editum
|-
|''Empirisme et subjectivité''
|''[[Empirismus]] et ingenium''
|1953
|-
|''Nietzsche et la philosophie''
|''[[Fridericus Nietzsche|Nietzsche]] et philosophia''
|1962
|-
|''La philosophie critique de Kant''
|''Philosophia critica [[Immanuel Kantius|Kantii]]''
|1963
|-
|''Proust et les signes''
|''[[Marcellus Proust|Proust]] et signa''
|1964
|-
|''Nietzsche''
|''[[Fridericus Nietzsche|Nietzsche]]''
|1965
|-
|''Le Bergsonisme'' 
|''[[Henricus Bergson|Bergsonismus]]''
|1966
|-
|''Présentation de Sacher-Masoch''
|''Praesentatio Saceris-Masochis''
|1967
|-
|''Différence et répétition'' 
|''Differentia et repetitio''
|1968
|-
|''Spinoza et le problème de l'expression''
|''[[Benedictus de Spinoza|Spinoza]] et problema expressionis''
|1968
|-
|''Logique du sens''
|''Ars logica lensus''
|1969
|-
|''Dialogues''
|''Dialogi''
|1977
|-
|''Un manifeste de moins''
|''Unum minus praeconiorum'' 
|1978
|-
|''Spinoza – Philosophie pratique''
|''[[Benedictus de Spinoza|Spinoza]]: philosophia utilis''
|1981
|-
|''Francis Bacon – Logique de la sensation''
|''[[Franciscus Baco]]: Ars logica sensationis''
|1981
|-
|''Cinéma I: L'image-mouvement''
|''Ars cinematographica I: motus-imago''
|1983
|-
|''Cinéma II: L'image-temps''
|''Ars cinematographica II: tempus-imago''
|1985
|-
|''Foucault''
|''[[Michael Foucault|Foucault]]''
|1986
|-
|''Le pli – Leibniz et le baroque''
|''Sinus: [[Godefridus Guilielmus Leibnitius|Leibniz]] et [[Barocus]]''
|1988
|-
|''Périclès et Verdi: La philosophie de Francois Châtelet''
|''[[Pericles]] et [[Iosephus Verdi|Verdi]]: philosophia Francisci Châtelet''
|1988
|-
|''Pourparlers''
|''Negotia''
|1990
|-
|''Critique et clinique''
|''Opera maximi et clinices''
|1993
|-
|''L'île déserte et autres textes''
|''Insula deserta et opera alia''
|2002&lt;ref group=note&gt; Hic liber et quoque ''Duo regimina'' vulgati sunt post mortem Aegidii Deleuze.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|''Deux régimes de fous et autres textes''
|''Duo regimina dementium et opera alia''
|2004
|}

=== Cum [[Felix Guattari|Felice Guattari]] conscripta ===
* ''[[L'Anti-Oedipe|Anti-Oedipus: capitalismus et dissidentia phrenetica]]'' (Francice: ''Capitalisme et Schizophrénie 1. L'Anti-Œdipe''), 1972
* [[Franciscus Kafka|''Kafka'']] (Francice: ''Kafka: Pour une Littérature Mineure''), 1975
* ''Rhizoma'' (Francice: ''Rhizome''), 1976
* ''Mille planities'' (Idem: ''Capitalisme et Schizophrénie 2. Mille Plateaux''), 1980
* ''In linea'' (Anglice: ''On the Line''), 1983
* ''Tractatus de [[nomades|nomadologia]]: machina belli'' (Francice: ''Traité de nomadologie: la machine de guerre''), 1986
* ''Quid est [[philosophia]]?'' (Francice: ''Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?''), 1991 

=== Cum [[Michael Foucault|Michaele Foucault]] conscripta ===

* ''Intellectuales et potestas: sermo inter Aegidium Deleuze et Michaelem Foucault'' (Anglice: ''Intellectuals and Power: A Discussion Between Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault''), 1973 

== Nota bene ==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Univocitas entis]]
*[[Petrus Felix Guattari|Felix Guattari]]
*''[[L'Anti-Oedipe|Anti-Oedipus]]''
*[[Metaphysica]]
*[[Postmodernismus]]
*[[Rhizoma]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Bibliographia==
; Bibliographica
* ''Felix Guattari and Gilles Deleuze: a Bibliography'', compilavit Joan Nordquist, Santa Cruz Californiae 1992, ISBN 0-937855-49-9
;Studia
* Balke, Friedrich, ''Gilles Deleuze.'' Francofurti ad Moenum 1998. ISBN 3593359804.
* Fahle, Oliver, et Lorenz Engell, (eds.), '' Le cinéma selon Deleuze.'' Verlag der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, Vimariae &amp; Parisiis 1999, ISBN 3-86068-060-9

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Gilles Deleuze|Aegidium Deleuze}}
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/deleuze De Aegidio Deleuze apud] Universitatem Staffordiensem pagina a  Daniel Smith scripta
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060111103417/http://www.webdeleuze.com/php/sommaire.html Pagina Aegidio Deleuze dicata]  
*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/deleuze.htm Pagina Aegidio Deleuze dicata]  a Jon Roffe scripta

{{Lifetime|1925|1995|Deleuze, Aegidius}}
[[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Monge et Lycei Carnot]]
[[Categoria:Eruditi Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Francia]]
[[Categoria:Philosophi Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Postmodernismus]]</text>
      <sha1>aea82nnxhfjf7gmgdlngmm9jp97829p</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Victorius Gregotti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1995" sha1="suv86hkk6z2up1ntagzzqyqw58kfs7m" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Victorius''', vulgo ''Vittorio,'' '''Gregotti''' (natus [[Novaria]]e die [[10 Augusti]] [[1927]]; [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] mortuus die [[15 Martii]] [[2020]]) fuit [[architectus]] [[Italia|Italus]]. Alumnus fuit [[Polytechnicum Mediolanense|Polytechnici Mediolanensis]], ubi postea docuit; deinde [[professor]] meruit [[institutum Superius Architecturae Venetiarum|instituti superioris architecturae Venetiarum]]. Inter opera sua sunt [[stadium Olympicum Barcinonense]], Centro Cultural de Belém [[Olisipo]]ne, [[theatrum]] Arcimboldi [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]. Sua [[theoria]] architecturae su{{dubsig}} spacie{{dubsig}} [[Phaenomenologia|phaenomenologiae]], [[Structuralismus|structuralismi]], et [[semiotica|semioticae]] fuit. Socius [[Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea|Academiae Scientiarum et Artium Europaeae]] fuit. [[Coronaviri morbus|Coronaviri novi]] causa mortem obiit.

== Bibliographia ==
* Stefano Bucci, &quot;[https://www.corriere.it/cultura/17_agosto_07/vittorio-gregotti-architetto-architettura-842bd7d4-7b76-11e7-8e8c-39c623892090.shtml Vittorio Gregotti: vi racconto i miei 90 anni (e 1.600 progetti)]&quot; in ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' (7/22 Augusti 2017)
* {{EnciItaliana|http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/vittorio-gregotti_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/|Gregotti, Vittorio|Cinzia Corradini|1992}}
* Pierluigi Panza, &quot;[https://www.corriere.it/cultura/20_marzo_15/gregotti-progetto-illuminista-dell-architettura-come-arte-4ac72ecc-66a0-11ea-a26c-9a66211caeee.shtml Morto Vittorio Gregotti, l’illuminista dell’architettura che amava la città]&quot; in ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' (15 Martii 2020)

==Nexus externi==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081225004611/http://www.gregottiassociati.it/ Situs interretialis ipsius proprius.]

{{Lifetime|1927|2020|Gregotti, Victorius}}
[[Categoria:Architecti Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Instituti Superioris Architecturae Venetiarum]]
[[Categoria:Professores Polytechnici Mediolanensis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Societas Zoologica Germanica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="773" sha1="515h3ioo6iujr390yf2c3a5nfw8yqt9" xml:space="preserve">'''Societas Zoologica Germanica'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Societas Zoologica Germanica&quot;: vide e.g. [http://www.mocavo.com/Catalogue-of-the-Books-Manuscripts-Maps-and-Drawings-in-the-British-Museum-Natural-History-Supplement-P-Z-Volume-8/625350/259 hic]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]]: ''Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft'') est societas erudita [[zoologia|zoologica]] [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti ad Moenum]] [[Germania]]e anno [[1890]] constituta.

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.dzg-ev.de Pagina officialis]
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225132106/http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/ Frontiers in zoology]'' {{Ling|Anglice}}

{{uni-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Societas Zoologica Germanica|!]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1890]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Regnum Syagrii</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="1822" sha1="16x16kzw92gqlazcnuh3u5bgjxr8io4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa civitatis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Regnum Syagrii}}{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Otto Jacobi|Ottonis Jacobi|de|qid=Q94891019}} [https://books.google.fr/books?id=vCdOAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA52&amp;dq=regnum+syagrii&amp;hl=la&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjj3O2JqIf0AhWDvYsKHfxeB20Q6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=regnum%20syagrii&amp;f=false ''De feudorum origine'', Berolini 1825, p. 52].|2=Q94891019}} vel {{res|Regnum Suessonense}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.fr/books?id=SjvEQHO8qJcC&amp;pg=RA2-PA41&amp;dq=Regnum+Suessonense&amp;hl=la&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjpsYGSqYf0AhV-CRAIHfY2A5YQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=Regnum%20Suessonense&amp;f=false ''Dictionnaire universel François et Latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trêvoux...'', vol. VIII,  p. 41].&lt;/ref&gt; fuit civitas [[Antiquitas posterior|Antiquitatis Posterioris]] in [[Gallia]], quae per annos 25 fuit inter regna [[Visigothi|Visigothorum]] et [[Franci|Francorum]], capite [[Suessonae|Suessonis]]. Creatum est regnum ab [[Aegidius|Aegidio]], magistro militum per Gallias sub principatu [[Maiorianus|Maioriani]], qui Maioriano occiso anno [[461]], potestatem in Gallia sibi obtiniut.

Rexit Aegidius usque ad mortem anno [[464]], et tunc filius [[Syagrius]] suscepit regnum. Sed tunc [[Chlodovechus I (rex Francorum)|Chlodovechus rex]] bellum gessit ex Belgia in Syagrium, et eum vicit anno [[486]]. Fuit tunc territorium pars regnorum Francorum, et ultime totum territorium vocatum est [[Neustria]].

== De Regno et Britannis ==
Cum Britanni auxilium petierunt a Romanis contra [[Saxones]], ut narratur in ''[[Gemitus Britannorum|Gemitu Britannorum]]'', fortasse non ab imperatore sed a Syagrio auxilium petierunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Antiquae civitates Europae|Syagrii]]
[[Categoria:Antiquitas Posterior]]
[[Categoria:Historia Franciae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sanctus Bricius de Coglesio</title>
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      <text bytes="1221" sha1="ey0mpgem0pjgo659h2skprw81vloiwv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Maen Roch (35) Hôtel-de-Ville.jpg |thumb|200 px|Sancti Bricii de Coglesio municipium]]
'''Sanctus Bricius de Coglesio'''&lt;ref&gt;''Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Redon en Bretagne (832-1134)'', a Aureliano de Courson publicatum, Parisiis, 1863, Imprimerie impériale, p. 460. [http://www03.us.archive.org/stream/cartulairedelabb00redo#page/n7/mode/2up]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Saint-Brice-en-Coglès'', [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''Saent-Bricz'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Sant-Brizh-Gougleiz'') est commune 2692 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Illa et Vicinonia|Illae et Vicinoniae]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e.
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Illae et Vicinoniae]]
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Saint-Brice-en-Coglès|Sanctum Bricium de Coglesio}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160601102832/http://www.st-brice-en-cogles.fr/ Sancti Bricii de Coglesio pagina interretialis] {{Ling|Francice}}
* {{INSEE commune|35257|de=Sancto Bricio de Coglesio}}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Ellae et Vicenoniae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Ellae et Vicenoniae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fabula e Decamerone (Waterhouse)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>136872</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>+{{Titulus italicus}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="1488" sha1="l5v9lql1wwse4a2w1oqrqz1inerf75z" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:1916-a-tale-from-the-decameron-.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|&quot;Fabula e Decamerone&quot; a [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno 1916 picta ([[Pinacotheca Dominae Lever]] [[Liverpolium|Liverpolii]])]]
[[Fasciculus:Waterhouse enchanted-garden.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|&quot;Hortus incantatus&quot; a [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno 1917 picta ([[Pinacotheca Dominae Lever]] [[Liverpolium|Liverpolii]])]]

{{ores|Fabula e Decamerone}} et {{ores|Hortus incantatus}} (titulis Anglicis ''A Tale from the Decameron'' et ''The Enchanted Garden'') sunt tabulae a [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno 1916 et 1917 pictae quae hodie [[Liverpolium|Liverpolii]] in [[Pinacotheca Dominae Lever]] ostentantur. Iuvenes figurant qui sicut in ''[[Decameron]]e'' [[Iohannes Boccacius|Ioannis Boccacii]] inter se fabulas narrant.

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Op|1=[http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/picture-of-month/displaypicture.asp?venue=7&amp;id=317 Fabula e Decamerone]}} apud Pinacothecam Dominae Lever
* {{Op|1=[http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/picture-of-month/displayPicture.asp?id=68&amp;venue=7 Hortus incantatus]}} apud Pinacothecam Dominae Lever

{{Ars-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Horti figurati]]
[[Categoria:Litterae figuratae]]
[[Categoria:Res litterariae figuratae]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 1916]]
[[Categoria:Iohannes Gulielmus Waterhouse]]
[[Categoria:Decameron]]
[[Categoria:Pinacotheca Lever (Liverpolium)]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986406</id>
      <parentid>3986404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:39:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <text bytes="1498" sha1="8inpsjm4oy52ji4p8plkj3eg01exld2" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:1916-a-tale-from-the-decameron-.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|{{Op|Fabula e Decamerone}} a [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno 1916 picta ([[Pinacotheca Dominae Lever]] [[Liverpolium|Liverpolii]])]]
[[Fasciculus:Waterhouse enchanted-garden.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|{{Op|Hortus incantatus}} a [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno 1917 picta ([[Pinacotheca Dominae Lever]] [[Liverpolium|Liverpolii]])]]

{{ores|Fabula e Decamerone}} et {{ores|Hortus incantatus}} (titulis Anglicis ''A Tale from the Decameron'' et ''The Enchanted Garden'') sunt tabulae a [[Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Ioanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] anno 1916 et 1917 pictae quae hodie [[Liverpolium|Liverpolii]] in [[Pinacotheca Dominae Lever]] ostentantur. Iuvenes figurant qui sicut in ''[[Decameron]]e'' [[Iohannes Boccacius|Ioannis Boccacii]] inter se fabulas narrant.

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Op|1=[http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/picture-of-month/displaypicture.asp?venue=7&amp;id=317 Fabula e Decamerone]}} apud Pinacothecam Dominae Lever
* {{Op|1=[http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/picture-of-month/displayPicture.asp?id=68&amp;venue=7 Hortus incantatus]}} apud Pinacothecam Dominae Lever

{{Ars-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Horti figurati]]
[[Categoria:Litterae figuratae]]
[[Categoria:Res litterariae figuratae]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 1916]]
[[Categoria:Iohannes Gulielmus Waterhouse]]
[[Categoria:Decameron]]
[[Categoria:Pinacotheca Lever (Liverpolium)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>139289</id>
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      <id>3986371</id>
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      <text bytes="12728" sha1="ovh14x67dvuwm6atr2c48kz0uw40285" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Auricherschloss.jpg|thumb|left|Castellum urbis Auriaci.]]
'''Auriacum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Affrica'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; seu '''Auricum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; seu '''Aurika'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; seu '''Aurikera'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; seu '''Awerkera'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; seu '''Aurica'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'') est urbs caput [[Circulus Auriacum|circuli Auriaci]]. Haec urbs sita est in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e.

== Historia ==
Auriacum nomine ''Aurechove'' anno [[1276]] primo in actis descriptum est. Deinde pars [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] ducatus fuit, tum annis [[1744]] ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Auriacum [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Auriacum pars novi Circuli Auriaci factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Tum multi perfugae e regionibus a [[Polonia]] et [[Russia]] occupatis hanc in hanc regionem venerunt: Numerus incolarum a 7.089 ad 10.350 crevit. Anno [[1972]] vici [[Ager Georgii (Auriacum)|Ager Georgii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AG&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Georgsfeld''), [[Ager Longus (Auriacum)|Ager Longus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AL&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Langefeld''), [[Ager Theoderici]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AT&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Dietrichsfeld''), [[Brockzetel]] (Theodisce ''Brockzetel''), [[Egels]] (Theodisce ''Egels''), [[Extum]] (Theodisce ''Extum''), [[Haxtum]] (Theodisce ''Haxtum''), [[Kirchdorfium (Auriacum)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Kirchdorf''), [[Locus Medius (Auriacum)|Locus Medius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;LM&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Middels''), [[Plaggenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Plaggenburg''), [[Popens]] (Theodisce ''Popens''), [[Raha (Auriacum)|Raha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Rahe''), [[Sandhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Sandhorst''), [[Schirum]] (Theodisce ''Schirum''), [[Spekendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Spekendorf''), [[Tannenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Tannenhausen''), [[Vicus Palatinatus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;VP&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Pfalzdorf''), [[Walla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Walle''), [[Wallinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Wallinghausen'') atque [[Wiesens]] (Theodisce ''Wiesens'') cum Auriaco consociati sunt.

==Urbis partes==
Auriacum dividitur in pagos&lt;ref name=&quot;Ortschaft&quot;&gt;[https://deu2lat.de-academic.com/15088/Ortschaft?utm Theodiscum vocabulum ''Ortschaft'' Latino &quot;pagus-i&quot; verti solet].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Ortschaften'') qui vicissim in vicos aut partes (Theodisce ''Ortsteilen'') dividuntur. Haec divisio inferiore in tabula monstratur:

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot;
! colspan=&quot;8&quot;| Urbis Auriaci vici 
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot;
! width=&quot;100&quot;|Pagus (Latine)
! width=&quot;100&quot;|Pagus (Theodisce)
! width=&quot;100&quot;|Vicus (Latine)
! width=&quot;100&quot;|Vicus (Theodisce)
! width=&quot;50&quot;|[[Area (geometria)|Area]] (km²)&lt;ref name=&quot;Zahlen&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100614210808/http://www.aurich.de/index.php/1005/0/ ''Zahlen, Daten, Fakten''].&lt;/ref&gt;
! width=&quot;50&quot;|[[Numerus incolarum]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aurich.de/stadtinformationen/zahlen-daten-fakten.html#c23295 ''Ortsteile''].&lt;/ref&gt;
! width=&quot;50&quot;|[[Spissitudo incolarum]] (inc./km²)
! [[Mappa]]
|-
|  [[Urbs Nuclearis Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kernstadt&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Kern?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Kern'' Latino adiectivo &quot;nuclearis-e&quot;] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Stadt?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum suffixum ''-stadt'' Latino nomine ''urbs urbis''] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; || ''Kernstadt Aurich'' || [[Urbs Nuclearis Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kernstadt&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; || ''Kernstadt Aurich'' || 5,83 || 12.399 || 2.124 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Kernstadt.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brockzetel et Wiesens]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| ''Brockzetel und Wiesens'' || [[Brockzetel]] || ''Brockzetel'' || 19,25 || 353 || 19 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Brockzetel.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Wiesens]] || ''Wiesens'' || 16,73 || 1.420 || 86 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Wiesens.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Egels et Wallinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| ''Egels und Wallinghausen'' || [[Egels]] || ''Egels'' || 4,43 || 1.788 || 416 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Egels.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Wallinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; || ''Wallinghausen'' || 5,81 || 3.560 || 579 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Wallinghausen.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Extum, Haxtum, Kirchdorfium et Raha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; || rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| ''Extum, Haxtum, Kirchdorf und Rahe'' || [[Extum]] || ''Extum'' || 4,17 || 2.151 || 427 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Extum.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Haxtum]] || ''Haxtum'' || 2,20 || 1.764 || 806 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Haxtum.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Kirchdorfium (Auriacum)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; || ''Kirchdorf'' || 4,77 || 1.444 || 280 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Kirchdorf.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Raha (Auriacum)|Raha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; || ''Rahe'' || 4,38 || 523 || 121 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Rahe.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ager Theoderici, Vicus Palatinatus et Plaggenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AT&quot;&gt;[https://personendatenbank.germania-sacra.de/index/gsn/050-01351-001?utm Theodiscum anthroponomicum praefixum ''Dietrichs-'' Latine &quot;Theoderici&quot; (casu genetivo) redditur]. [https://www.lateinlex.de/?call=ShowArticle&amp;id=220&amp;latein=ager&amp;utm Theodiscum suffixum ''-feld'' autem &quot;ager, -gri&quot; m. redditur]. Ergo Theodiscum toponymum ''Dietrichsfeld'' Latino &quot;Ager Theoderici&quot; verti potest.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VP&quot;&gt;&quot;[[Palatinatus]]&quot; est nomen Latinum regionis quae Theodisce ''Pfalz'' appellatur; [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Palatinatus?utm Georges, ''Kleines Handwörterbuch'', s. v. ''Pfalz'', habet &quot;Palatinatus, -ūs&quot; m]. &quot;Vicus&quot; autem proprie &quot;vicus, pagus, castellum&quot; significat atque etiam locum seu vicum ruralem, ergo Theodiscum suffixum ''-dorf'' verti potest; [https://www.lateinlex.de/?call=ShowArticle&amp;id=11&amp;latein=vicus&amp;utm Georges, s. v. vicus]. Itaque Theodiscum nomen ''Pfalzdorf'' &quot;Vicus Palatinatus&quot; Latine interpretari licet.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| ''Dietrichsfeld, Pfalzdorf und Plaggenburg'' || [[Ager Theoderici]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AT&quot;/&gt; || ''Dietrichsfeld'' || 11,31 || 789 || 70 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Dietrichsfeld.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Vicus Palatinatus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;VP&quot;/&gt; || ''Pfalzdorf'' || 6,11 || 234 || 37 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Pfalzdorf.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Plaggenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;/&gt; || ''Plaggenburg'' || 13,47 || 1.434 || 105 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Plaggenburg.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ager Georgii et Tannenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AG&quot;&gt;[https://de.langenscheidt.com/latein-deutsch/georgius?utm Theodiscum anthroponomicum praefixum ''Georgs-'' Latine &quot;Georgii&quot; (casu genetivo) redditur]. [https://www.lateinlex.de/?call=ShowArticle&amp;id=220&amp;latein=ager&amp;utm Theodiscum suffixum ''-feld'' autem &quot;ager, -gri&quot; m. redditur]. Ergo Theodiscum toponymum ''Georgsfeld'' Latino &quot;Ager Georgii&quot; verti potest.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| ''Georgsfeld und Tannenhausen'' || [[Ager Georgii (Auriacum)|Ager Georgii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AG&quot;/&gt; || ''Georgsfeld'' || 6,56 || 563 || 86 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Georgsfeld.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Tannenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; || ''Tannenhausen'' || 16,92 || 1.929 || 114 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Tannenhausen.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ager Longus, Locus Medius et Spekendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AL&quot;&gt;Theodiscum suffixum ''-feld'' Latino vocabulo casu genetivo &quot;agrī&quot; redditur, ut testatur [https://de.langenscheidt.com/deutsch-latein/feld?utm_source=chatgpt.com Langenscheidt, s. v. ''Feld'']; Theodiscum praefixu, ''Lange-'' autem &quot;longus, -a, -um&quot; Latine dicitur, [https://www.zeno.org/Georges-1910/A/lang?hl=kurz&amp;utm ut apud Georges, s. v. ''lang''], et &quot;longus&quot; formam adiectivi masculini habet. Quoniam vocabulum &quot;ager&quot; masculinum est, recte dicitur &quot;Ager Longus&quot;, id est ''Langes Feld'' et ergo Theodiscum toponymum ''Langefeld'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LM&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Middels'' ad notionem medii sive loci centralis referri potest. Latinum &quot;medius, -a, -um&quot; significat ''in der Mitte befindlich, gelegen'', id est &quot;in medio situm&quot;; [https://www.lateinlex.de/?call=ShowArticle&amp;id=601&amp;latein=medius&amp;utm Georges idem sensum locativum testatur et exemplum locus medius affert]. [https://de.langenscheidt.com/latein-deutsch/medius?utm Langenscheidt quoque medius reddit ''der in der Mitte (liegende)'' atque expresse exemplum &quot;locus medius&quot; exhibet]. Quare Theodiscum toponymum ''Middels'' interpretari licet &quot;Locus Medius&quot; Latine.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| ''Langefeld, Middels und Spekendorf'' || [[Ager Longus (Auriacum)|Ager Longus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AL&quot;/&gt; || ''Langefeld'' || 4,79 || 416 || 87 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Langefeld.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Locus Medius (Auriacum)|Locus Medius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;LM&quot;/&gt; || ''Middels'' || 23,01 || 1.222 || 51 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Middels.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Spekendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; || ''Spekendorf'' || 13,37 || 434 || 31 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Spekendorf.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Popens]] || ''Popens'' || [[Popens]] || ''Popens'' || 1,88 || 1.994 || 1.031 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Popens.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Schirum]] || ''Schirum'' || [[Schirum]] || ''Schirum'' || 13,19 || 1.411 || 106 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Schirum.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Sandhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; || ''Sandhorst'' || [[Sandhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; || ''Sandhorst'' || 10,77 || 4.458 || 395 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Sandhorst.svg|100x100px]]
|-
| [[Walla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; || ''Walle'' || [[Walla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; || ''Walle'' || 8,26 || 2.660 || 317 || [[Fasciculus:Aurich-Walle.svg|100x100px]]
|}

== Homines noti ==
=== Cives honoris causa ===
* [[Rudolphus Eucken]] (1846 - 1926) scriptor et philosophus.
* [[Paulus de Hindenburg]] (1847 - 1934) dux militum et vir publicus
* [[Franciscus Seldte]] (1882 - 1947), vir publicus
* [[Adolphus Hitler]] (1889 - 1945), vir publicus

=== Nati ===
* [[Carolus Henricus Ulrichs]] (1825 - 1895), conditor commentariorum latinorum quibus nomen ''[[Alaudae]]''.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Aurich|Auriacum}}
* [http://www.aurich.de Pagina officialis]

[[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aurières</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:41:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="587" sha1="p6fe8by5zjei946g9mdxoosv707vi0v" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 63020.png|left|thumb|300px|Aurières: communis tabula]]

''' Aurières''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 295 incolarum (anno [[2006]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Podium Dumiatis (praefectura Franciae)|Podii Dumiatis]] in regione [[Arvernia]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Podii Dumiatis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Aurières|Aurières}}

* {{INSEE commune|63020|de=Aurières}}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Montis Dumae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Montis Dumae]]</text>
      <sha1>p6fe8by5zjei946g9mdxoosv707vi0v</sha1>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="587" sha1="nvpy89a4ts3mmj8n7nqhihewfodd12u" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 63020.png|left|thumb|300px|Aurières: communis tabula]]

''' Aurières''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 373 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Podium Dumiatis (praefectura Franciae)|Podii Dumiatis]] in regione [[Arvernia]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Podii Dumiatis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Aurières|Aurières}}

* {{INSEE commune|63020|de=Aurières}}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Montis Dumae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Montis Dumae]]</text>
      <sha1>nvpy89a4ts3mmj8n7nqhihewfodd12u</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Holtisminnensis</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Plus quam stipula</comment>
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      <text bytes="13980" sha1="4qpvwhbdveu6i37cgexevo92rwyqnyl" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Holtisminnensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Holzminden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Holtsminne''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[12 Octobris]] [[1832]] a [[Gulielmus (Dux Brunsvici)|Gulielmo]] duce [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvici]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;  est.

== Historia ==
Circulus primo ad Ducatum, deinde ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinebat. A die [[1 Novembris]] [[1941]] circulus Holtisminnensis pars provinciae Hannoverae [[Borussia]]e erat. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Hodie disputatur, an circulus cum finitimo [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Circulo Northemiensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Northemiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Northeim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Northemiensis-e&quot; ad urbem [[Northemium]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; coniungendus sit.

== Communia circuli ==
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HOL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Holtisminnensi.]]
Circulus Holtisminnensis 32 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad &quot;communia generalia&quot; (Theodisce &quot;Samtgemeinden&quot;) coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt:

* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'') oppidum (8142 incolae)
* [[Holtisminni]] urbs, caput circuli (19.939)

* [[Bevernense Castrum (commune generale)|Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern''), commune generale (6056)
** [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'') (3946)
** [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'') (979)
** [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'') (440)
** [[Negenborn]] (691)

* [[Bodonis Insula-Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder-Polle''), commune generale (15.375)
** [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'') urbs (5546)
** [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'') (1089)
** [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'') (718)
** [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'') (1590)
** [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'') (861)
** [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'') (1912)
** [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'') (482)
** [[Ottenstein]] (1189)
** [[Pegestorf]] (428)
** [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') oppidum (1102)
** [[Vahlbruch]] (458)

* [[Boffeshusium (commune generale)|Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen''), commune generale (7042)
** [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (2701)
** [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -thal : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'') (671)
** [[Fürstenberg]] (1167)
** [[Lauenförde]] (2503)

* [[Eschershusa-Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf''), commune generale (15.375)
** [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') urbs (5457)
** [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'') (391)
** [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'') (1511)
** [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'') (812)
** [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'') (996)
** [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen''), urbs (3415)
** [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'') (920)
** [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'') (629)
** [[Lenne]] (673)
** [[Lüerdissen]] (448)
** [[Wangelnstedt]] (617)

Praeterea sunt loca quaedam, quae ad nullum commune pertinent. Quae omnia hominibus deserta sunt:

* Boffeshusium&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (23,40 km²)
* Eima&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'') (12,91 km²)
* Eschershusa&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'') (4,92 km²)
* Grünenplan (22,71 km²)
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'') (15,01 km²)
* Merxhausen (22,50 km²)
* Wenzen (15,84 km²)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Holtisminni]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1832]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Heya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>167116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986366</id>
      <parentid>3986327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T12:09:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
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      <text bytes="1407" sha1="mshk3ia76w8mrblfmat8147072icj2h" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Heyen im Landkreis Holzminden.jpg|thumb|upright=4|center||Heya.]]
'''Heya'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] est. Commune ad flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgim]] situm est.

== Historia ==
Heya saeculo anno [[1004]] nomine ''Hegen'' primo in actis [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henrici II]] imperatoris descripta est. Ab anno [[1973]] ad commune generale [[Bodonis Insula|Bodonis Insulam]] pertinuit, a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2010]] pars communis generalis [[Bodonis Insula-Collis|Bodonis Insulae-Collis]] est&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gemeinde-heyen.de/presse.php?text=2004-03-01-KurzberichtChronik.htm Chronicon communis in pagina gemeinde-heyen.de (Theodisce)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Clusa (discretiva)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1928" sha1="fqhn4xvb8o95a7lat4tw2zwv9n4s39h" xml:space="preserve">{{discretiva}}

'''Clusa''' aut '''Clusae''' vel etiam '''Clausa''' potest essere:

* '''[[Clusa (Topographia)]]''': forma telluris in regionibus montium
* '''[[Clusa (Sicilia)]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Clusa Vetus (Sicilia)]]''', deinde '''[[Clusa Sclafani]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusa (Tridentinum-Athesia Superior/Tirolis Meridionalis)]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Clausina]]''', '''[[Clusina]]''', '''[[Clausa]]''', '''[[Clausium]]'''):
* '''[[Clusa (Provincia Arretina)]]''' seu '''[[Clusae (Provincia Arretina)]]''', '''[[Clusium (Provincia Arretina)]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Clusium Alverniae]]''', '''[[Clusium in Clusentino]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusa Cuneensium]]''' [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusa Vetus]]''': [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusa (Gandershemium)]]''' (Theodisce ''Clus''): vicus communis [[Gandershemium|Gandershemii]]
* '''[[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse''): [[Germania|Germanicum]] commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]]
* '''[[Clusae Fulciniacenses]]''': [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusium]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Camars]]''', '''[[Clusa (Provincia Senensis)]]''', '''[[Clusae (Provincia Senensis)]]''', '''[[Clusina civitas]]''', '''[[Clusini Castellionis Castrum]]'''): Urbs et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Vaucluse (Dubis)|Clusa vallis]]''': urbs [[Francia]]e
* '''[[Vallis Clausa (praefectura Franciae)|Vallis Clausa]]''': praefectura Franciae
* '''[[Clusa (Balsthal)|Clusa]]''': vicus pagi [[Solodurum (pagus)|Saloduri]] [[Helvetia]]e
* '''[[Clausa Fortis]]''': oppidum Italiae
* '''[[Clausae Longobardorum]]''': oppidum Italiae
* '''[[Clausas de Albiciones]]''': oppidum Italiae
* '''[[Clausetum]]''': oppidum Italiae

{{NexInt}}
* [[Clusium (discretiva)]]

[[Categoria:Toponomastica]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986469</id>
      <parentid>3986467</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="1931" sha1="hnqsoy3vd380z8jtywoh0wtu69otxvr" xml:space="preserve">{{discretiva}}

'''Clusa''' aut '''Clusae''' vel etiam '''Clausa''' potest essere:

* '''[[Clusa (Topographia)]]''': forma telluris in regionibus montium
* '''[[Clusa (Sicilia)]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Clusa Vetus (Sicilia)]]''', deinde '''[[Clusa Sclafani]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusa (Tridentinum-Athesia Superior/Tirolis Meridionalis)]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Clausina]]''', '''[[Clusina]]''', '''[[Clausa]]''', '''[[Clausium]]'''):
* '''[[Clusa (Provincia Arretina)]]''' seu '''[[Clusae (Provincia Arretina)]]''', '''[[Clusium (Provincia Arretina)]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Clusium Alverniae]]''', '''[[Clusium in Clusentino]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusa Cuneensium]]''' [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusa Vetus]]''': [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusa (Gandershemium)]]''' (Theodisce ''Clus''): vicus communis [[Gandershemium|Gandershemii]]
* '''[[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]''' ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse''): [[Germania|Germanicum]] commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]]
* '''[[Clusae Fulciniacenses]]''': [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Clusium]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Camars]]''', '''[[Clusa (Provincia Senensis)]]''', '''[[Clusae (Provincia Senensis)]]''', '''[[Clusina civitas]]''', '''[[Clusini Castellionis Castrum]]'''): Urbs et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Vaucluse (Dubis)|Clusa vallis]]''': urbs [[Francia]]e
* '''[[Vallis Clausa (praefectura Franciae)|Vallis Clausa]]''': praefectura Franciae
* '''[[Clusa (Balsthal)|Clusa]]''': vicus pagi [[Solodurum (pagus)|Saloduri]] [[Helvetia]]e
* '''[[Clausa Fortis]]''': oppidum Italiae
* '''[[Clausae Longobardorum]]''': oppidum Italiae
* '''[[Clausas de Albiciones]]''': oppidum Italiae
* '''[[Clausetum]]''': oppidum Italiae

{{NexInt}}
* [[Clusium (discretiva)]]

[[Categoria:Toponomastica]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Gottingae</title>
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    <id>171434</id>
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      <text bytes="10120" sha1="azpthotp35pbpyopg3y1uhqokn4wtxe" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Gottingae'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Göttingen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] '' Landkreis Chöttingen''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] est [[Gottinga]].

== Historia ==
Circulus Gottingae anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno 2012 disputabatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Northemiensi]] et [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Osteroda]] coniungendus esset. Postquam Northeim e actionibus se recessit, consilium circuli Gottingae die [[6 Martii]] [[2013]] constituit, ut cum solo circulo Osteroda circulus Gottingae coniungendus sit&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.landkreis-goettingen.de/pics/medien/1_1362642492/2013_03_06_EILMELDUNG_Kreistag_beschliesst_Fusion.pdf Nuntius circuli Gottingae die 6 Martii 2013 promulgata]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] Osteroda ad Gottingam circulum adiuncta est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Communia circuli ==
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities_in_GÖ-2016.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Gottingae]]
Circulus Gottingensis 39 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad &quot;communia generalia&quot; (Theodisce &quot;Samtgemeinden&quot;) coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt:

* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'') (6449 incolae)
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt;  (Theodisce: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), commune sui iuris et urbs (11.080 incolae)
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'') oppidum (13.381)
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'') (21.609)
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'') (11.395)
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'') (9163)
* [[Gottinga]] (''Göttingen'', 121.364)
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (8824)
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573)
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen''), urbs (24.390)
* [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987)
* [[Rosdorf]] (12.005)
* [[Sathsa]] vel '''Aquae Sathsieneses''' (''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634)
* [[Staufenberg]] (8080)
* [[Walkenried]] (4666)

* [[Gieboldehusa (commune generale)|Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') commune generale (13.890)
** [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'') (2348)
** [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'') (767)
** [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') oppidum (3944)
** [[Krebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'') (1116)
** [[Obernfeld]] (972)
** [[Rhumspringe]] (1883)
** [[Rollshausen]] (901)
** [[Rüdershausen]] (868)
** [[Wollbrandshausen]] (612)
** [[Wollershausen]] (479)

* [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)|Radolfshausen]], commune generale (7282)
** [[Ebergötzen]] (1790)
** [[Landolfshausen]] (1132)
** [[Seeburg]] (1601)
** [[Seulingen]] (1369)
** [[Waake]] (1390)

* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes (commune generale)|Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'') (commune generale) (7606)
** [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'') (417)
** [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'') (4177)
** [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'') (1078)
** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934)

* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia (commune generale)|Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld''), commune generale (9158)
** [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'') (527)
** [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'') (1062)
** [[Niemetal]] (1596)
** [[Scheden]] (1963)
** [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'') urbs (4010)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
Circulus Gottingensis coniunctiones cum aliis pagis Europae habet:
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium]], ab anno 1962)
* [[Stroud]] ([[Glocestria]]), ab anno [[1951]]
* [[Surisna]] (praefectura [[Alta Sequanae]]), ab anno [[1959]]
* [[Hackney (Londinium)|Hackney]] ([[Londinium]]), ab anno [[1973]]
* [[Albensis Comitatus]] ([[Hungaria]]), ab anno [[2000]]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gottingae circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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    <title>Thransfellensis Ecclesia (commune generale)</title>
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      <id>3986523</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1727" sha1="1v1osuxqcq7jq5ihoxt0cc50ps6d7eb" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Thransfellensis Ecclesia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'') est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]].

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Thransfellensis Ecclesia commune constitutum est. E communibus [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren''; 527 incolae), urbe [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'') (4010), [[Iuniun]]e&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Cunradus de Berleibisin'' (...) 960 ''Iuniun'' (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) ''Johan de June'' (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'') (1062), [[Niemetal]] (1596) atque [[Scheden]] (1963) constat. In Dransfeld sedes administrationis est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Dransfeld|Dransfeld}}
* [http://www.dransfeld.de Pagina communis generalis Dransfeld (lingua Theodisca)]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1973]]</text>
      <sha1>1v1osuxqcq7jq5ihoxt0cc50ps6d7eb</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gieboldehusa (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172567</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986551</id>
      <parentid>3982537</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:17:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986551</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2679" sha1="ptfr7izn7dm0af0e7pxbxwdx22gdbss" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Gieboldehusa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]].

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Gieboldehusa commune constitutum est. E communibus [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen''), [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee''), [[Krebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck''), [[Obernfeld]], [[Rhumspringe]], [[Rollshausen]], [[Rüdershausen]], [[Wollbrandshausen]], [[Wollershausen]] atque oppido [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') constat. In Gieboldehausen sedes administrationis est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Gieboldehausen|Gieboldehausen}}
* [http://www.samtgemeinde-gieboldehausen.de Pagina communis generalis Gieboldehausen (lingua Theodisca)]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1973]]
[[Categoria:Eichsfeldia]]</text>
      <sha1>ptfr7izn7dm0af0e7pxbxwdx22gdbss</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Krebecca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>173110</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986543</id>
      <parentid>3982542</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:06:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Krebeck]] ad [[Krebecca]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <text bytes="973" sha1="ofgx6eoeidjyaunrx7rv0zhotzx8pan" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:StAlexander Krebeck.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Alexandri]]
'''Krebeck''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Krebeck etiam vicus Renshausen pertinet.

== Historia ==
Krebeck anno [[1256]] nomine ''Crebecke'' primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1802]] et [[1807]] brevi tempore ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit, tum cum toto regno ad Borussiam transiit et ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1973]] ad [[Gieboldehusa (commune generale)|Gieboldehusam]] commune generale pertinet.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Krebeck|Krebeck}}
* [http://www.gemeinde-krebeck.de Pagina communis Krebeck (lingua Theodisca)]


{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]
[[Categoria:Eichsfeldia]]</text>
      <sha1>ofgx6eoeidjyaunrx7rv0zhotzx8pan</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986545</id>
      <parentid>3986543</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:10:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986545</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1817" sha1="r7z3poa8qfghgdv2qqo852hhfljtj19" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:StAlexander Krebeck.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Alexandri.]]
'''Krebecca'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Krebeca'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;/&gt; seu '''Krebiki'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Krebeccam etiam vicus Renshausen pertinet.

== Historia ==
Krebecca anno [[1256]] nomine ''Crebecke'' primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1802]] et [[1807]] brevi tempore ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit, tum cum toto regno ad Borussiam transiit et ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1973]] ad [[Gieboldehusa (commune generale)|Gieboldehusam]] commune generale pertinet.

==Notae==


== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Krebeck|Krebeccam}}
* [http://www.gemeinde-krebeck.de Pagina communis Krebeccae (Theodisce)]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]
[[Categoria:Eichsfeldia]]</text>
      <sha1>r7z3poa8qfghgdv2qqo852hhfljtj19</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986546</id>
      <parentid>3986545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:10:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notae */</comment>
      <origin>3986546</origin>
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      <text bytes="1831" sha1="qz6u279eomj42u2s8dufdrdbk7yjccv" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:StAlexander Krebeck.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Alexandri.]]
'''Krebecca'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Krebeca'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;/&gt; seu '''Krebiki'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Krebeccam etiam vicus Renshausen pertinet.

== Historia ==
Krebecca anno [[1256]] nomine ''Crebecke'' primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1802]] et [[1807]] brevi tempore ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit, tum cum toto regno ad Borussiam transiit et ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1973]] ad [[Gieboldehusa (commune generale)|Gieboldehusam]] commune generale pertinet.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Krebeck|Krebeccam}}
* [http://www.gemeinde-krebeck.de Pagina communis Krebeccae (Theodisce)]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]
[[Categoria:Eichsfeldia]]</text>
      <sha1>qz6u279eomj42u2s8dufdrdbk7yjccv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986548</id>
      <parentid>3986546</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:15:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986548</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2277" sha1="nt6isqt1z4uye2bbgno66jvkpsvu06h" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:StAlexander Krebeck.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Alexandri.]]
'''Krebecca'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Krebeca'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;/&gt; seu '''Krebiki'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Krebeccam etiam vicus [[Renshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Renshausen'') pertinet.

== Historia ==
Krebecca anno [[1256]] nomine ''Crebecke'' primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1802]] et [[1807]] brevi tempore ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit, tum cum toto regno ad Borussiam transiit et ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1973]] ad [[Gieboldehusa (commune generale)|Gieboldehusam]] commune generale pertinet.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Krebeck|Krebeccam}}
* [http://www.gemeinde-krebeck.de Pagina communis Krebeccae (Theodisce)]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]
[[Categoria:Eichsfeldia]]</text>
      <sha1>nt6isqt1z4uye2bbgno66jvkpsvu06h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ligny-lès-Aire</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986426</id>
      <parentid>3444307</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:40:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986426</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="824" sha1="3x5wtgo21dqfekxyz5kmo2w7r5jk3di" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Moulin_ligny_les_aire.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Ligny-lès-Aire: antiquae [[molae]]&lt;ref&gt;Confer {{Langenscheidt-TWB}} ''Mühle'' [[Latine]] molae aut pistrinum&lt;/ref&gt; ]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 62512.png|thumb|300px|Ligny-lès-Aire: communis tabula]]
''' Ligny-lès-Aire''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 565 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Fretum Calisii|Freti Calisii]] in provincia [[Septentrio et Fretum|Septentrioni et Freto]].
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Freti Calisii]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Ligny-lès-Aire|Ligny-lès-Aire}}
* {{INSEE commune|62512|de=Ligny-lès-Aire}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Freti Gallici]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Freti Gallici]]</text>
      <sha1>3x5wtgo21dqfekxyz5kmo2w7r5jk3di</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986427</id>
      <parentid>3986426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:41:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986427</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="824" sha1="6p8asbn4ipq7ztj0ityduujp4q1c5w8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Moulin_ligny_les_aire.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Ligny-lès-Aire: antiquae [[molae]]&lt;ref&gt;Confer {{Langenscheidt-TWB}} ''Mühle'' [[Latine]] molae aut pistrinum&lt;/ref&gt; ]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 62512.png|thumb|300px|Ligny-lès-Aire: communis tabula]]
''' Ligny-lès-Aire''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 565 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Fretum Calisii|Freti Calisii]] in provincia [[Septentrio et Fretum|Septentrione et Freto]].
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Freti Calisii]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Ligny-lès-Aire|Ligny-lès-Aire}}
* {{INSEE commune|62512|de=Ligny-lès-Aire}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Freti Gallici]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Freti Gallici]]</text>
      <sha1>6p8asbn4ipq7ztj0ityduujp4q1c5w8</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Guelpherbytensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174922</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986418</id>
      <parentid>3985735</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:02:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9238" sha1="6q37asllb1wmwa2510i55hff85nv4bp" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Guelpherbytensi]]
'''Circulus Guelpherbytensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Wulfenbüttel''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1831]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvicum]] terram pertinuit. Caput circuli urbs [[Guelpherbytum]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
32 communia huius circuli magna parte in &quot;communia generalia&quot; coniuncti sunt:

* [[Guelpherbytum]] urbs (53.353)
* [[Schladen-Werla]] (8869)
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'') (12.831 incolae)

* [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale (10.479)
** [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891)
** [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'') (2314)
** [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'') (1649)
** [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'') (1558)
** [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'') (1155)
** [[Sehlde]] (912)

* [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elma-Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elm-Asse'') (18.816)
** [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
** [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'') (3023)
** [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'') (540)
** [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'') (1770)
** [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
** [[Remlingen-Semmenstedt]] (2256)
** [[Roklum]] (460)
** [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
** [[Uehrde]] (947)
** [[Vahlberg]] (781)
** [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
** [[Wittmar]] (1208)

* [[Silva Oderana (commune generale)|Silva Oderana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oderwald'') commune generale (6839)
** [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'') (2791, sedes administrationis)
** [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'') (952)
** [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'') (668)
** [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'') (1181)
** [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'') (664)
** [[Ohrum]] (583)

* [[Sickte (commune generale)|Sickte]] commune generale (10.308)
** [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1174)
** [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'') (1000)
** [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'') (1297)
** [[Sickte]] (5792)
** [[Veltheim (Ohe)|Veltheim]] (1045)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
* Circulus vetus Brunsvicum anno [[1965]] coniunctionem cum [[Cachan]] in [[Francia]] constituit, quam etiam nunc circulus novus colit.
* Cum Powiat Wrzesiński in [[Polonia]] circulus anno [[2001]] coniunctionem coepit.
* Rhondda Cynon Taf in [[Cambria]] ab anno [[1992]] cum circulo Guelpherbytensi coniunctione coniunctus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Wolfenbüttel|Circulus Guelpherbytensis}}
* [http://www.lk-wolfenbuettel.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulpherbytensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1831]]</text>
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      <text bytes="10046" sha1="52l0dlp2axoootm7z6r1ffe9q96encv" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Guelpherbytensi]]
'''Circulus Guelpherbytensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Wulfenbüttel''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1831]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvicum]] terram pertinuit. Caput circuli urbs [[Guelpherbytum]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
32 communia huius circuli magna parte in &quot;communia generalia&quot; coniuncti sunt:

* [[Guelpherbytum]] urbs (53.353)
* [[Schladen-Werla]] (8869)
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'') (12.831 incolae)

* [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale (10.479)
** [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891)
** [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'') (2314)
** [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'') (1649)
** [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'') (1558)
** [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'') (1155)
** [[Sehlde]] (912)

* [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elma-Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elm-Asse'') (18.816)
** [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
** [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'') (3023)
** [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'') (540)
** [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'') (1770)
** [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'') (823)
** [[Remlingen-Semmenstedt]] (2256)
** [[Roklum]] (460)
** [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
** [[Uehrde]] (947)
** [[Vahlberg]] (781)
** [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
** [[Wittmar]] (1208)

* [[Silva Oderana (commune generale)|Silva Oderana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oderwald'') commune generale (6839)
** [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'') (2791, sedes administrationis)
** [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'') (952)
** [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'') (668)
** [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'') (1181)
** [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'') (664)
** [[Ohrum]] (583)

* [[Sickte (commune generale)|Sickte]] commune generale (10.308)
** [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1174)
** [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'') (1000)
** [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'') (1297)
** [[Sickte]] (5792)
** [[Veltheim (Ohe)|Veltheim]] (1045)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
* Circulus vetus Brunsvicum anno [[1965]] coniunctionem cum [[Cachan]] in [[Francia]] constituit, quam etiam nunc circulus novus colit.
* Cum Powiat Wrzesiński in [[Polonia]] circulus anno [[2001]] coniunctionem coepit.
* Rhondda Cynon Taf in [[Cambria]] ab anno [[1992]] cum circulo Guelpherbytensi coniunctione coniunctus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Wolfenbüttel|Circulus Guelpherbytensis}}
* [http://www.lk-wolfenbuettel.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulpherbytensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1831]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Assa (commune generale)</title>
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    <id>174991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986415</id>
      <parentid>3985592</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986415</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2299" sha1="d5r0mz72u0nzrnx8yza6c6tae8klknw" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Assa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Asse'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] fuit.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Assa constitutum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sint&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/ Pagina interretialis Assae de communi condendo]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nomen a monte Assa&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Asse'') in agro communi sito accepit. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] Asse et [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] communia generalia ad novum [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmam-Assam]] commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Asse pertinentes ==
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'') (3023 incolae)
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'') (540)
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'') (1770)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813, sedes administrationis)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]
[[Categoria:Dissoluta 2015]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986416</id>
      <parentid>3986415</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:00:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Communia ad Asse pertinentes */</comment>
      <origin>3986416</origin>
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      <text bytes="2298" sha1="1ngijv8psxv9nlsgh1wxgfwsxjw2oo3" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Assa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Asse'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] fuit.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Assa constitutum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sint&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.samtgemeinde-asse.de/samtgemeinde/ Pagina interretialis Assae de communi condendo]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nomen a monte Assa&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Asse'') in agro communi sito accepit. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] Asse et [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] communia generalia ad novum [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmam-Assam]] commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Asse pertinentes ==
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'') (3023 incolae)
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'') (540)
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'') (1770)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813, sedes administrationis)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]
[[Categoria:Dissoluta 2015]]</text>
      <sha1>1ngijv8psxv9nlsgh1wxgfwsxjw2oo3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Schöppenstedt (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175353</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986481</id>
      <parentid>3979428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T19:19:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986481</origin>
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      <text bytes="1906" sha1="1yy2mp5xfwpchdr9xinfhgl7msjyc53" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Schöppenstedt''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] fuit.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Schöppenstedt conditum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sunt. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] Schöppenstedt et [[Asse (commune generale)|Asse]] communia generalia ad novum [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmam-Assam]] commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Schöppenstedt pertinentes ==
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722 incolae)
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'') (823)
* [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
* [[Uehrde]] (947)
* [[Vahlberg]] (781)
* [[Winnigstedt]] (761)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schoeppenstedt}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia antiqua Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]
[[Categoria:Dissoluta 2015]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kissenbruga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175405</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986410</id>
      <parentid>3984375</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:56:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986410</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2314" sha1="78lpw64mvxwnjjkz75jmatctzajz6l7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kissenbruga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Kissanbruggi'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; seu '''Kissanbruggi Villa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Kissenbrugam etiam vicus [[Hedwigsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hedwigsburg'') pertinet. Quo in loco castellum Guelphorum fuit, quod per [[secundum bellum mundanum|Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicorum]] aeroplanorum operibus deletum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121208013414/http://www.gaerten-parks.de/gaerten-und-parks/landkreis-wolfenbuettel/schlosspark-rittergut-hedwigsburg.html Pagina de Castello Hedwigsburg]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historia ==
Kissenbruga iam saeculo 10 primo in actis descripta est. Alio nomine &quot;Kissanbruggi&quot; (&quot;villa&quot;) appellatur. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Quod autem ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Assa (commune generale)|Assam]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kissenbrück|Kissenbrugam}}
* [http://www.kissenbrueck.de/Pagina communis Kissenbrugae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kissenbruga}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kneitlinga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>176637</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986475</id>
      <parentid>3979424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T19:02:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Kneitlingen]] ad [[Kneitlinga]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <text bytes="1079" sha1="2ee7pcpfqd9mh2sqctn0s1zreme2g36" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kneitlingen''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. E vicis Ampleben, Bansleben, Eilum atque Kneitlingen constat.

== Historia ==
Kneitlingen anno [[1135]] primo in actis [[Lotharius III (imperator)|Lotharii III.]] imperatoris descripta est. Hic, si famae credimus, [[Till Eulenspiegel]] stultus notus natus est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Kneitlingen pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elmz-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.schoeppenstedt.net pagina communis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>2ee7pcpfqd9mh2sqctn0s1zreme2g36</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986479</id>
      <parentid>3986475</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T19:17:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2567" sha1="45ol5g8yuolyxh5bavi8omzvgcgbgu4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kneitlinga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. E vicis [[Ampleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  (Theodisce ''Ampleben''), [[Bansleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Bansleben''), [[Eilum|Eilo]] (Theodisce ''Eilum'') atque [[Kneitlinga (caput communis)|Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Kneitlingen'') constat.

== Historia ==
Kneitlinga anno [[1135]] primo in actis [[Lotharius III (imperator)|Lotharii III.]] imperatoris descripta est. Hic, si famae credimus, [[Till Eulenspiegel]] stultus notus natus est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Kneitlinga pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kneitlingen|Kneitlingam}}
* [http://www.schoeppçnstedt.net pagina communis generalis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986480</id>
      <parentid>3986479</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T19:18:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986480</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2593" sha1="fdd22pz9ic8b8n49u9fdie3vmvsiorb" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kneitlinga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. E vicis [[Ampleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  (Theodisce ''Ampleben''), [[Bansleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Bansleben''), [[Eilum|Eilo]] (Theodisce ''Eilum'') atque [[Kneitlinga (caput communis)|Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Kneitlingen'') constat.

== Historia ==
Kneitlinga anno [[1135]] primo in actis [[Lotharius III (imperator)|Lotharii III.]] imperatoris descripta est. Hic, si famae credimus, [[Till Eulenspiegel]] stultus notus natus est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Kneitlinga pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kneitlingen|Kneitlingam}}
* [http://www.schoeppçnstedt.net pagina communis generalis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>fdd22pz9ic8b8n49u9fdie3vmvsiorb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986484</id>
      <parentid>3986480</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T19:25:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986484</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2586" sha1="1u734m20arcu7scnpeqvj3we71m2xmo" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kneitlinga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. E vicis [[Ampleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  (Theodisce ''Ampleben''), [[Bansleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Bansleben''), [[Eilum|Eilo]] (Theodisce ''Eilum'') atque [[Kneitlinga (caput communis)|Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Kneitlingen'') constat.

== Historia ==
Kneitlinga anno [[1135]] primo in actis [[Lotharius III (imperator)|Lotharii III.]] imperatoris descripta est. Hic, si famae credimus, [[Tylus Saxo]] stultus notus natus est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Kneitlinga pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] et ab anno [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schöppenstedt]] commune generale pertinuit. A die autem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] pars maioris communis generalis [[Elma-Assa (commune generale)|Elmae-Assae]] est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kneitlingen|Kneitlingam}}
* [http://www.schoeppçnstedt.net pagina communis generalis Schöppenstedt]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>185937</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986433</id>
      <parentid>3438527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:46:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="921" sha1="3ik1jkxdx9g67ns4wlvk4f282qgk6xp" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Blason_ville_fr_Camps-Saint-Mathurin-L%C3%A9obazel_(Corr%C3%A8ze).svg |thumb|200px|Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel: [[vexillum]]]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 19034.png|left|thumb|300px|Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel: communis tabula]]

''' Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel''' est commune 206 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Francia]]e [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Curretia (praefectura Franciae)|Curretiae]] in provincia [[Lemovicensis (regio Franciae)|Lemovicensi]].
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Curretiae]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel|Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel}}
* [http://www.camps.correze.net/ Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel pagina interretialis]
* {{INSEE commune|19034|de=Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel}}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Curretiae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Curretiae]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Luneburgensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>191041</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986378</id>
      <parentid>3985302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:14:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986378</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10932" sha1="66nbbe9l1f5k4yhgh98k0uaopiljehi" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in LG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Luneburgensi]]
'''Circulus Luneburgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lümborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüneburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Luneburgum]] est.

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1929]] circulus pristinus Leopolitanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;/&gt; Leneburgo adiunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luneburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'') (10.288 incolae)
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'') (9.532)
* [[Luneburgum]] urbs (70.438)
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'') (4.830)


* [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (8.259)
** [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962)
** [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156)
** [[Oldendorf (Luya)|Oldendorf]] (985)
** [[Rehlingen]] (712)
** [[Soderstorf]] (1.444)

* [[Bardenuvicum (commune generale)|Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (16.584)
** [[Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 6.473)
** [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'') (1.828)
** [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (1.953)
** [[Mechtersen]] (662)
** [[Radbruch]] (1.970)
** [[Vögelsen]] (2.255)
** [[Wittorf]] (1.443)

* [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (6.150)
** [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393)
** [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599)
** [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 3351)
** [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236)
** [[Tosterglope]] (571)

* [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]] (12.849)
** [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') (2.279)
** [[Reppenstedt]] (sedes administrationis, 7.210)
** [[Südergellersen]] (1.602)
** [[Westergellersen]] (1758)

* [[Ilmenavia (commune generale)|Ilmenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ilmenau'')  (10.486)
** [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'') (747)
** [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'') (2.630)
** [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt; (3.736)
** [[Melbeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.373)

* [[Ostheide (commune generale)|Ostheide]] (10.178)
** [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2.418)
** [[Neetze]] (2.583)
** [[Reinstorf]] (1.290)
** [[Thomasburg]] (1.291)
** [[Vastorf]] (815)
** [[Wendisch Evern]] (1.781)

* [[Scharnebeck (commune generale)|Scharnebeck]] (15.091)
** [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'') (1.610)
** [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'') (3.319)
** [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'') (1.017)
** [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'') (912)
** [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'') (2.408)
** [[Lüdersburg]] (624)
** [[Rullstorf]] (1.880)
** [[Scharnebeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.321)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luneburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986386</id>
      <parentid>3986378</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:37:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986386</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11442" sha1="bgx8xcyuz3qic6b55y0jzgqww0cm5ws" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in LG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Luneburgensi]]
'''Circulus Luneburgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lümborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüneburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Luneburgum]] est.

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1929]] circulus pristinus Leopolitanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;/&gt; Leneburgo adiunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luneburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'') (10.288 incolae)
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'') (9.532)
* [[Luneburgum]] urbs (70.438)
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'') (4.830)


* [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (8.259)
** [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962)
** [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156)
** [[Oldendorf (Luya)|Oldendorf]] (985)
** [[Rehlingen]] (712)
** [[Soderstorf]] (1.444)

* [[Bardenuvicum (commune generale)|Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (16.584)
** [[Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 6.473)
** [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'') (1.828)
** [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (1.953)
** [[Mechtersen]] (662)
** [[Radbruch]] (1.970)
** [[Vögelsen]] (2.255)
** [[Wittorf]] (1.443)

* [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (6.150)
** [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393)
** [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599)
** [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 3351)
** [[Nahrendorf]] (1.236)
** [[Tosterglope]] (571)

* [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gellsen'') (12.849)
** [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') (2.279)
** [[Reppenstedt]] (sedes administrationis, 7.210)
** [[Südergellersen]] (1.602)
** [[Westergellersen]] (1758)

* [[Ilmenavia (commune generale)|Ilmenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ilmenau'')  (10.486)
** [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'') (747)
** [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'') (2.630)
** [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt; (3.736)
** [[Melbeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.373)

* [[Ostheide (commune generale)|Ostheide]] (10.178)
** [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2.418)
** [[Neetze]] (2.583)
** [[Reinstorf]] (1.290)
** [[Thomasburg]] (1.291)
** [[Vastorf]] (815)
** [[Wendisch Evern]] (1.781)

* [[Scharnebeck (commune generale)|Scharnebeck]] (15.091)
** [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'') (1.610)
** [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'') (3.319)
** [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'') (1.017)
** [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'') (912)
** [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'') (2.408)
** [[Lüdersburg]] (624)
** [[Rullstorf]] (1.880)
** [[Scharnebeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.321)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luneburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>bgx8xcyuz3qic6b55y0jzgqww0cm5ws</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gellersa (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>193251</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986377</id>
      <parentid>3505669</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:08:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986377</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1174" sha1="sk2ykj19125b090b3aecmeusr4dn2wi" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Gellersen''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Gellersen communia [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') (2.279 incolae), [[Reppenstedt]] (7.210, sedes administrationis), [[Südergellersen]] (1.602) atque [[Westergellersen]] (1758) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Gellersen anno [[1974]] e communibus supra dictis constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.gellersen.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Gellersen]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
      <sha1>sk2ykj19125b090b3aecmeusr4dn2wi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986379</id>
      <parentid>3986377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:17:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Gellersen (commune generale)]] ad [[Gellersa (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3986377</origin>
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      <text bytes="1174" sha1="sk2ykj19125b090b3aecmeusr4dn2wi" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Gellersen''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Gellersen communia [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') (2.279 incolae), [[Reppenstedt]] (7.210, sedes administrationis), [[Südergellersen]] (1.602) atque [[Westergellersen]] (1758) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Gellersen anno [[1974]] e communibus supra dictis constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.gellersen.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Gellersen]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
      <sha1>sk2ykj19125b090b3aecmeusr4dn2wi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986381</id>
      <parentid>3986379</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:26:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986381</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1244" sha1="954mnld0a4okn3de7ye0fo32o657lnu" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Gellersa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gellsen'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Gellersam communia [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') (2.279 incolae), [[Reppenstedt]] (7.210, sedes administrationis), [[Südergellersen]] (1.602) atque [[Westergellersen]] (1758) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Gellersa anno [[1974]] e communibus supra dictis constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.gellersen.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Gellersae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kirchgellersa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>193272</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986372</id>
      <parentid>3505670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T12:59:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Kirchgellersen]] ad [[Kirchgellersa]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3505670</origin>
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      <text bytes="1066" sha1="d73ud9s52vi45q55kfvp9jqjfcpow86" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kirchgellersen''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Est pars communis generalis [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Kirchgellersen_Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Laurentii Kirchgellersen]]
Quando Kirchgellersen conditum sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Kirchgellersen ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]] commune generale pertinet.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.kirchgellersen.de Pagina communis Kirchgellersen]


{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>d73ud9s52vi45q55kfvp9jqjfcpow86</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986374</id>
      <parentid>3986372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:05:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986374</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1646" sha1="epurakjugujb2yh3f9ecgsrkf2s2kig" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kirchgellersa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Est pars communis generalis [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Kirchgellersen_Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Laurentii Kirchgellersae.]]
Quando Kirchgellersa condita sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Kirchgellersa ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]] commune generale pertinet.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kirchgellersen|Kirchgellersam}}
* [http://www.kirchgellersen.de Pagina communis Kirchgellersen]


{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>epurakjugujb2yh3f9ecgsrkf2s2kig</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986375</id>
      <parentid>3986374</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:06:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986375</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1639" sha1="d988bg1ybapc6ebflvipkzy9g6ndsta" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kirchgellersa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Est pars communis generalis [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Kirchgellersen_Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Laurentii Kirchgellersae.]]
Quando Kirchgellersa condita sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Kirchgellersa ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Gellersen (commune generale)|Gellersen]] commune generale pertinet.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kirchgellersen|Kirchgellersam}}
* [http://www.kirchgellersen.de Pagina communis Kirchgellersen]


{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986385</id>
      <parentid>3986375</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:35:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1636" sha1="37exizg42rquqxyuinpzdor7d7t0nar" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Kirchgellersa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Est pars communis generalis [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersae]].

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Kirchgellersen_Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Laurentii Kirchgellersae.]]
Quando Kirchgellersa condita sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Kirchgellersa ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersam]] commune generale pertinet.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kirchgellersen|Kirchgellersam}}
* [http://www.kirchgellersen.de Pagina communis Kirchgellersae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>37exizg42rquqxyuinpzdor7d7t0nar</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Reppenstedt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>193298</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986384</id>
      <parentid>3505671</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:34:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986384</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1212" sha1="q6cf81b4l5rvji5ctwm0ct211phswxg" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Reppenstedt''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Est sedes administrationis communis generalis [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersae]]. Ad Reppenstedt etiam vicus Dachtmissen pertinet.

== Historia ==
Reppenstedt anno [[1197]] nomine ''Repinstid'' primo in actis descriptum est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Reppenstedt ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersam]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno Dachtmissen vicus cum Reppenstedt coniunctus, sed alia pars communis [[Luneburgum|Luneburgo]] urbi cessa est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.reppenstedt.de Pagina communis Reppenstedt]


{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>q6cf81b4l5rvji5ctwm0ct211phswxg</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Südergellersen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>193299</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986383</id>
      <parentid>3505672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:33:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <origin>3986383</origin>
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      <text bytes="1177" sha1="1il746976pu80b7vogozn5mozhl1mt2" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Südergellersen''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Est parss communis generalis [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersae]]. Ad Südergellersen etiam vicus Heiligenthal pertinet.

== Historia ==
Südergellersen anno [[1314]] primo in actis descriptum est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Südergellersen ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersam]] commune generale pertinet. Eodem anno Heiligenthal vicus cum Südergellersen coniunctus est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.suedergellersen.de/ Pagina communis Südergellersen]


{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suedergellersen}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
      <sha1>1il746976pu80b7vogozn5mozhl1mt2</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Westergellersen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>197863</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986382</id>
      <parentid>3709670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:32:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986382</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1118" sha1="aa4du1wsdc664wv8obquunzuniwvtpz" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Westergellersen''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Est pars communis generalis [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersae]].

== Historia ==
Westergellersen fuitpars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Westergellersen ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersam]] commune generale pertinet.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.westergellersen.de/ Pagina communis Westergellersen]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151104041350/http://www.gellersen.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2015/3963_read-22579 Pagina Communis generalis Gellersae de Westergellersen scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>aa4du1wsdc664wv8obquunzuniwvtpz</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kusta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198503</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986582</id>
      <parentid>3878910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T11:46:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Küsten]] ad [[Kusta]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <text bytes="1440" sha1="epmri2xzkuv9a7j2ms6nfmd95ytd735" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Gemeindehaus Küsten.jpg|thumb|left|Curia vici Küsten anno [[1793]] aedificata]]
'''Küsten''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Küsten etiam vici Belitz, Göttien (cum Nienhof et Olde-Mühle), Gühlitz, Karmitz, Klein Witzeetze, Krummasel, Lübeln, Meuchefitz, Naulitz, Reitze, Saggrian, Sallahn, Schwiepke, Seerau im Drawehn, Süthen, Tolstefanz atque Tüschau pertinent. Küsten pars communis generalis [[Lüchow (terra Wenedorum)|Lüchow]] est.

== Historia ==
Küsten pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Küsten ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Lüchow (terra Wenedorum)|Lüchow]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Küsten adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131224153003/http://www.luechow-wendland.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5752/ Pagina communis generalis Lüchow de Küsten scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuesten}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>epmri2xzkuv9a7j2ms6nfmd95ytd735</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986584</id>
      <parentid>3986582</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T11:55:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986584</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2365" sha1="j2dw272hk4pdx0przugpr419j7nlb7k" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Gemeindehaus Küsten.jpg|thumb|left|Curia Kustae anno [[1793]] aedificata.]]
'''Kusta'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Kustam etiam vici [[]] (Theodisce ''Belitz''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Göttien'') cum [[]] (Theodisce ''Nienhof'') atque [[]] (Theodisce ''Olde-Mühle''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Gühlitz''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Karmitz''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Klein Witzeetze''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Krummasel''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Küsten''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Lübeln''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Meuchefitz''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Naulitz''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Reitze''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Saggrian''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Sallahn''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Schwiepke''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Seerau im Drawehn''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Süthen''); [[]] (Theodisce ''Tolstefanz''); et [[]] (Theodisce ''Tüschau'') pertinent. Kusta pars communis generalis [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchoviae]] est.

== Historia ==
Kusta pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Kusta ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchoviae]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Kustam adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Küsten|Kustam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131224153003/http://www.luechow-wendland.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5752/ Pagina communis generalis Luchoviae de Kusta scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuesten}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>j2dw272hk4pdx0przugpr419j7nlb7k</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Harburgensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198696</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986497</id>
      <parentid>3986234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T20:55:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="13638" sha1="da4gmky7ca6ajsck2vzig6fchtqmb8t" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Harburgensi]]
'''Circulus Harburgensis''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Harburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Horborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Harburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Winsenia]] est.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus Harburgensis conditus est. Caput tum [[Hamburg-Harburg (regio urbana)|Harburgum]] erat. Quae urbs ab anno [[1937]] ad urbem [[Hamburgum]] pertinet. Tamen administratio circuli ad annum [[1945]] ibi mansit. Quod autem aedificia administrationis inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] deleta erant, administratio in castellum [[Winsenia]]e translata est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Harburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1958]] Winsenia caput perpetua circuli est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'') [[urbs]] et commune sui iuris (36.875 incolae)
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]] (19.935)
* [[Rosengarten (Saxonia Inferior)|Rosengarten]] (12.907)
* [[Seevetal]] (39.921)
* [[Stelle]] (10.827)
* [[Winsenia]] (Theod.: ''Winsen (Luhe)'', 32.638, sedes administrationis)

* [[Hanstadium (commune generale)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'') commune generale (13.747)
** [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'') (1903)
** [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'') (1767)
** [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'') (2395)
** [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää''), sedes administrationis (5317)
** [[Marxen]] (1386)
** [[Undeloh]] (979)

* [[Holdunesteti (commune generale)|Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'') commune generale (10.809)
** [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'') (1830)
** [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'') (744)
** [[Halvesbostel]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'') (728)
** [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst''), sedes administrationis (3400)
** [[Moisburg]] (1761)
** [[Regesbostel]] (1075)
** [[Wenzendorf]] (1271)

* [[Iesteburgum (commune generale)|Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'') commune generale (10.595)
** [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'') (2262)
** [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'') (884)
** [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg''), sedes administrationis (7449)

* [[Paludes Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Elbmarsch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elvmasch'') commune generale (11.932)
** [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'') (4038)
** [[Marschacht]], sedes administrationis (3786)
** [[Tespe]] (4108)

* [[Salzhausen (commune generale)|Salzhausen]] (14.065)
** [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'') (1235)
** [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'') (1081)
** [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'') (1449)
** [[Godenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'') (931)
** [[Salzhausen]], sedes administrationis (4642)
** [[Toppenstedt]] (2126)
** [[Vierhöfen]] (986)
** [[Wulfsen]] (1615)

* [[Tostedt (commune generale)|Tostedt]] (25.018)
** [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'') (1080)
** [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (2393)
** [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'') (2098)
** [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'') (1312)
** [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'') (638)
** [[Otter]] (1545)
** [[Tostedt]], sedes administrationis (13.089)
** [[Welle]] (1193)
** [[Wistedt]] (1670)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Harburg|Circulus Harburgensis}}
* [http://www.landkreis-harburg.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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      <text bytes="13638" sha1="85zh5hn2wvu45zjykjvzit8ieun9qlp" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Harburgensi]]
'''Circulus Harburgensis''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Harburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Horborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Harburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Winsenia]] est.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus Harburgensis conditus est. Caput tum [[Hamburg-Harburg (regio urbana)|Harburgum]] erat. Quae urbs ab anno [[1937]] ad urbem [[Hamburgum]] pertinet. Tamen administratio circuli ad annum [[1945]] ibi mansit. Quod autem aedificia administrationis inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] deleta erant, administratio in castellum [[Winsenia]]e translata est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Harburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1958]] Winsenia caput perpetua circuli est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'') [[urbs]] et commune sui iuris (36.875 incolae)
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]] (19.935)
* [[Rosengarten (Saxonia Inferior)|Rosengarten]] (12.907)
* [[Seevetal]] (39.921)
* [[Stelle]] (10.827)
* [[Winsenia]] (Theod.: ''Winsen (Luhe)'', 32.638, sedes administrationis)

* [[Hanstadium (commune generale)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'') commune generale (13.747)
** [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'') (1903)
** [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'') (1767)
** [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'') (2395)
** [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää''), sedes administrationis (5317)
** [[Marxen]] (1386)
** [[Undeloh]] (979)

* [[Holdunesteti (commune generale)|Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'') commune generale (10.809)
** [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'') (1830)
** [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'') (744)
** [[Halvesbostel]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'') (728)
** [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst''), sedes administrationis (3400)
** [[Moisburg]] (1761)
** [[Regesbostel]] (1075)
** [[Wenzendorf]] (1271)

* [[Iesteburgum (commune generale)|Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'') commune generale (10.595)
** [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'') (2262)
** [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'') (884)
** [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg''), sedes administrationis (7449)

* [[Paludes Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Elbmarsch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elvmasch'') commune generale (11.932)
** [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'') (4038)
** [[Marschacht]], sedes administrationis (3786)
** [[Tespe]] (4108)

* [[Salzhausen (commune generale)|Salzhausen]] (14.065)
** [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'') (1235)
** [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'') (1081)
** [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'') (1449)
** [[Godenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'') (931)
** [[Salzhausen]], sedes administrationis (4642)
** [[Toppenstedt]] (2126)
** [[Vierhöfen]] (986)
** [[Wulfsen]] (1615)

* [[Tostedt (commune generale)|Tostedt]] (25.018)
** [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'') (1080)
** [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (2393)
** [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'') (2098)
** [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'') (1312)
** [[Otter]] (1545)
** [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'') (638)
** [[Tostedt]], sedes administrationis (13.089)
** [[Welle]] (1193)
** [[Wistedt]] (1670)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Harburg|Circulus Harburgensis}}
* [http://www.landkreis-harburg.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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    <title>Tostedt (commune generale)</title>
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'''Tostedt''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circuli Harburgensis]] est. Ad Tostedt communia [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'') (1080 incolae), [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (2393), [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'') (2098), [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'') (1312), [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')&lt; (638), [[Otter]] (1545), [[Tostedt]] (sedes administrationis, 13.089), [[Welle]] (1193) atque [[Wistedt]] (1670) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Tostedt die [[1 Martii]] [[1971]] e communibus Kampen, [[Palus Regis|Palude Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')&lt;, Otter, Todtshorn atque Tostedt conditum est. Anno [[1972]] auctum est et nunc e communibus supra dictis constat.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.tostedt.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Tostedt]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1971]]</text>
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    <revision>
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'''Tostedt''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circuli Harburgensis]] est. Ad Tostedt communia [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'') (1080 incolae), [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (2393), [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'') (2098), [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'') (1312), [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'') (638), [[Otter]] (1545), [[Tostedt]] (sedes administrationis, 13.089), [[Welle]] (1193) atque [[Wistedt]] (1670) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Tostedt die [[1 Martii]] [[1971]] e communibus Kampen, [[Palus Regis|Palude Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor''), Otter, Todtshorn atque Tostedt conditum est. Anno [[1972]] auctum est et nunc e communibus supra dictis constat.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.tostedt.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Tostedt]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1971]]</text>
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    <revision>
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'''Tostedt''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circuli Harburgensis]] est. Ad Tostedt communia [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'') (1080 incolae), [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (2393), [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'') (2098), [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'') (1312), [[Otter]] (1545), [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'') (638), [[Tostedt]] (sedes administrationis, 13.089), [[Welle]] (1193) atque [[Wistedt]] (1670) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Tostedt die [[1 Martii]] [[1971]] e communibus Kampen, Otter, [[Palus Regis|Palude Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor''), Todtshorn atque Tostedt conditum est. Anno [[1972]] auctum est et nunc e communibus supra dictis constat.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.tostedt.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Tostedt]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1971]]</text>
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      <text bytes="41974" sha1="01fy09r1r35gdt50whhsc3mg4ovg1mh" xml:space="preserve">{{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}}

{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
&lt;!--__NOTOC__ --&gt;
&lt;!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --&gt;
{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt. Egli influenzò il suo stile pittorico iniziale e i suoi soggetti, così come il critico [[John Neal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per 25 anni, operò a Baltimora (1822–1847) e, saltuariamente, a Washington, D.C.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Partecipò alle sessioni del Congresso e dipinse ritratti di molte personalità pubbliche&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
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* {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&amp;page=130&amp;view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;prev_page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&amp;sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&amp;tabindex=44&amp;artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} 
* {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA382&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&amp;ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&amp;pg=PA65&amp;dq=Hendrik+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&amp;ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrik%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} 
* {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&amp;pg=PA79&amp;dq=Dirck+Hals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Dirck%20Hals&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&amp;pg=PA269&amp;dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&amp;ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA251&amp;dq=Riethoorn&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Riethoorn&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&amp;page=93&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&amp;page=340&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA751&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA742&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per 25 anni, operò a Baltimora (1822–1847) e, saltuariamente, a Washington, D.C.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Partecipò alle sessioni del Congresso e dipinse ritratti di molte personalità pubbliche&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}}
* {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&amp;page=130&amp;view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;prev_page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&amp;sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&amp;tabindex=44&amp;artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} 
* {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA382&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&amp;ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&amp;pg=PA65&amp;dq=Hendrik+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&amp;ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrik%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} 
* {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&amp;pg=PA79&amp;dq=Dirck+Hals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Dirck%20Hals&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&amp;pg=PA269&amp;dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&amp;ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA251&amp;dq=Riethoorn&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Riethoorn&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&amp;page=93&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&amp;page=340&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA751&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA742&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Partecipò alle sessioni del Congresso e dipinse ritratti di molte personalità pubbliche&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

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* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
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{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
&lt;!--__NOTOC__ --&gt;
&lt;!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --&gt;
{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Partecipò alle sessioni del Congresso e dipinse ritratti di molte personalità pubbliche&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
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* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
&lt;!--__NOTOC__ --&gt;
&lt;!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --&gt;
{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus Congressūs Civitatum Foederatarum interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}}
* {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&amp;page=130&amp;view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;prev_page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&amp;sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&amp;tabindex=44&amp;artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} 
* {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA382&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&amp;ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&amp;pg=PA65&amp;dq=Hendrik+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&amp;ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrik%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} 
* {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&amp;pg=PA79&amp;dq=Dirck+Hals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Dirck%20Hals&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&amp;pg=PA269&amp;dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&amp;ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA251&amp;dq=Riethoorn&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Riethoorn&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&amp;page=93&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&amp;page=340&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA751&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA742&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
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{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus Congressus [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}}
* {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&amp;page=130&amp;view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;prev_page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&amp;sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&amp;tabindex=44&amp;artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} 
* {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA382&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&amp;ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&amp;pg=PA65&amp;dq=Hendrik+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&amp;ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrik%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} 
* {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&amp;pg=PA79&amp;dq=Dirck+Hals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Dirck%20Hals&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&amp;pg=PA269&amp;dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&amp;ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA251&amp;dq=Riethoorn&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Riethoorn&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&amp;page=93&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&amp;page=340&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA751&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA742&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus Congressus [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est: primae feminae erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit.Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

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* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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&lt;!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --&gt;
{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est: primae feminae erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit.Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
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* {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
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* {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&amp;page=340&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA751&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA742&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
&lt;!--__NOTOC__ --&gt;
&lt;!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --&gt;
{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit.Sarah espose per la prima volta alla Pennsylvania Academy con ''Ritratto di una signora'' (1818). Fu ammessa alla [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] nel 1824&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; insieme a sua sorella [[Anna Claypoole Peale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le prime donne a raggiungere questo traguardo. Aprì uno studio a Baltimora nel 1831&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}}
* {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&amp;page=130&amp;view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;prev_page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&amp;sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&amp;tabindex=44&amp;artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} 
* {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA382&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&amp;ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&amp;pg=PA65&amp;dq=Hendrik+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&amp;ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrik%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} 
* {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&amp;pg=PA79&amp;dq=Dirck+Hals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Dirck%20Hals&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&amp;pg=PA269&amp;dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&amp;ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA251&amp;dq=Riethoorn&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Riethoorn&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&amp;page=93&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&amp;page=340&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA751&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA742&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
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* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; atque ibi mandatis ultra centum imagines personarum effinxit Sono noti oltre 100 ritratti su commissione realizzati durante il suo periodo a Baltimora. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

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* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
&lt;!--__NOTOC__ --&gt;
&lt;!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --&gt;
{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;; notaeque sunt plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
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* {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
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* {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&amp;page=93&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&amp;page=340&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA751&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA742&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
&lt;!--__NOTOC__ --&gt;
&lt;!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --&gt;
{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Era considerata l'artista più prolifica della città in quell'epoca&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}}
* {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&amp;page=130&amp;view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;prev_page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;page=1&amp;subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&amp;sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&amp;tabindex=44&amp;artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} 
* {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&amp;database=ChoiceArtists&amp;search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}}
* {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA382&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&amp;ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&amp;pg=PA65&amp;dq=Hendrik+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&amp;ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrik%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} 
* {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&amp;pg=PA79&amp;dq=Dirck+Hals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Dirck%20Hals&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&amp;pg=PA269&amp;dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&amp;ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA251&amp;dq=Riethoorn&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Riethoorn&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&amp;page=93&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&amp;page=340&amp;view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA751&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA742&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA908&amp;dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}}
* {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&amp;q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&amp;f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&amp;pg=PA28&amp;dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&amp;ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&amp;pg=PA220&amp;dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&amp;ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&amp;f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA768&amp;dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&amp;f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I suoi ritratti a olio furono subito richiesti da membri del Congresso, diplomatici e altri individui facoltosi nella zona del [[Maryland|Maryland.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Il suo lavoro di ritrattista è considerato stilisticamente unico per l'uso di pellicce, pizzi e tessuti dettagliati, nonché per la resa realistica di volti, pelle e capelli&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
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* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
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{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]]
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{{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit.

== Biographia ==
[[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]]
[[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]]

Sara filia minima natu erat minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]], et Miriamae Claypoole. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est&lt;ref name = &quot;Peale Family&quot;/&gt;. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operatus est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research &amp; Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;&gt;Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum&lt;/ref&gt; cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&amp;pg=PA367}}&lt;/ref&gt;: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&amp;pg=PA296}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem&lt;ref name=&quot;History of American Women&quot;/&gt;.

[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Hadriani Banckert effigies ([[1673]])]]
[[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]]
Nel 1847, problemi di salute la costrinsero a trasferirsi a [[St. Louis]], dove ebbe successo in modo indipendente, diventando una delle prime artiste professioniste americane in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere con il proprio lavoro&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. La maggior parte delle sue opere di quest'epoca si trova in mani private&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Intorno al 1860, ritornò alla realizzazione delle nature morte, ma con una composizione naturale e meno formale rispetto a quella dei suoi anni precedenti&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Nel 1878 fece ritorno nella sua città natale, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni con le sorelle Anna Claypoole (morta nel 1878) e Margaretta Angelica (morta nel 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;. Come sua sorella Margaretta, non si sposò mai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&amp;pg=PA25}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Morì nel 1885 nella sua città natale&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;/&gt;.

Diversi dipinti di Peale furono inclusi nella mostra inaugurale del [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], ''American Women Artists 1830-1930'', nel 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;Tufts(U.S.)1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Opera ==
* ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm
* ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura 
* ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection
* ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm,  apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref name=dulwich/&gt;
* ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]&lt;ref name=biesboer/&gt;
* ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]
* ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&amp;ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&amp;f=false Hortus floridus]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696
* ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690
* ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri &quot;Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris&quot; imagines'', chalcographiae&lt;ref name=meyer/&gt;
* ''&quot;A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica&quot; imagines'', 75 chalcographiae&lt;ref name=holden/&gt;
* ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;
* ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia&lt;ref name=bryan/&gt;

== Honores ==
[[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]])

[[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] 

[[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]])

[[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] 


Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

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* {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&amp;pg=PA201&amp;dq=Johannes+Goedaert&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Goedaert&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=David+Loggan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=David%20Loggan&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}}
* {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&amp;f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&amp;pg=PA292&amp;dq=Jan+van+Somer&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jan%20van%20Somer&amp;f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA207&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=Gerard+Valck&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Gerard%20Valck&amp;f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&amp;pg=PA106&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}}
* {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA526&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA64&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA466&amp;dq=Michael+Burghers&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20Burghers&amp;f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}}
* {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&amp;pg=PA319&amp;dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}}
* {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of &quot;The English Encyclopedia&quot;|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA706&amp;dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}}
* {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&amp;pg=PA299&amp;dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA356&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&amp;pg=PA295&amp;dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA483&amp;dq=Robert+White+engraver&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20White%20engraver&amp;f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT107&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&amp;pg=PA80&amp;dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&amp;f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&amp;pg=PR18&amp;dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&amp;pg=PA11&amp;dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&amp;f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA142&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&amp;pg=PA828&amp;printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes &amp; De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}}
* {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&amp;pg=PA41&amp;dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&amp;f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}}
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&amp;v=&amp;s=&amp;ondisplay=False&amp;ii=0&amp;p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}}
* [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&amp;sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&amp;mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}}
* [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|arte|biografie}}

&lt;!--
{{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}}
[[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Chalcographi]]
[[Categoria:Scalptores]]
[[Categoria:Entomologi]]
[[Categoria:Cartographi]]
{{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}}
{{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}}
ac ==&gt; atque ante vocalem
{{NexInt}}
{{Nexus nominis}}
 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>l2568di0hq0udzivz8mx2o5y21v6xye</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turris ad Sanctum Georgium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>207545</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986554</id>
      <parentid>3525468</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:35:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1247" sha1="58hwhpv4kgt6vje39s20qhq8augcm2b" xml:space="preserve">{{pro pagina discretiva vide|Turris (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Turris ad Sanctum Georgium'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Torre San Giorgio|Torre San Giorgio]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] et in [[Provincia Cuneensis|Provincia Cuneensi]] situm. Incolae ''Turrenses'' appellantur.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio ==
== Municipia finitima ==

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pedemontium]] (''regio''),
* [[Provincia Cuneensis]],
* [[Cuneum]] (''urbs''),
* [[Municipium Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110326045833/http://www.comune.torresangiorgio.cn.it/ Pagina officialis]
{{CommuniaCat|Torre San Giorgio|Turrem ad Sanctum Georgium}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Maps of the province of Cuneo.gif|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Cuneensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Cunei]]</text>
      <sha1>58hwhpv4kgt6vje39s20qhq8augcm2b</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ars hodierna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>209541</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986511</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:52:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>Pagina Anglica abest</comment>
      <origin>3986511</origin>
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      <text bytes="6813" sha1="ph5ewmasw1llvvuol4po8hrv6z4zu5j" xml:space="preserve">{{res|Ars hodierna}} est [[ars]] tempore praesente facta, artem [[postmodernismus|postmodernam]] comprehendens, ex qua exstitit, quae ipsa [[ars moderna|arti modernae]] successit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esaak&quot;&gt;Shelley Esaak, [https://web.archive.org/web/20161119211246/http://arthistory.about.com/od/current_contemporary_art/f/what_is.htm What is &quot;Contemporary&quot; Art?] apud www.rathistory.about.com (About.com).&lt;/ref&gt; In [[lingua]] vernacula ''modernus'' et ''hodiernus'' idem significant.
 
==Historia==
Hic index motus modosque artis hodiernae per initium [[decennium|decenniorum]] recentiorum perscribit. 

{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; width:100%; border:0 solid #e5ffec; background:#=#e5ffec; font-size: .8em&quot;
|-
|  style=&quot;vertical-align:top; width:17%;&quot;|
 
===1950===
* [[Abstractio lyrica]]&lt;!--Abstract lyrique--&gt;
* [[Antipodeani]]
* [[Ars non conformista Sovietica]]
* [[Ars serialis art]]
* [[Campus colorum]]&lt;!--Color Field--&gt;
* [[COBRA (motus avant-garde)]]
* [[Expressionismus abstractus]]&lt;!--
* [[Expressionismus Figurativus Americanus]]
* [[Expressionismus Figurativus Novi Eboraci]]--&gt;
* [[Generación de la Ruptura]]
* [[Grex Gutai]]
* [[Impressio lenticularis]]
* [[Les Plasticiens]]&lt;!--
* [[Motus Figurativus Regionis Sinus]]
* [[Pictura Baliana]]=Modern traditional Balinese painting--&gt;
* [[Pictura scaenarum Americana]]&lt;!--Am. scene painting--&gt;
* [[Schola Colorum Vasingtioniae]]
* [[Schola Novi Eboraci]]&lt;!--
* [[Schola photographiae camisae rubrae]] = Red shirt school of p.
* [[Schola Realismi Fantastici Vindobonensis]]
* [[Situationista Internationalis]]--&gt;
* [[Tachismus]]
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top; width:16%;&quot;|
 
===1960===&lt;!--
* [[Abstractio lyrica]] (American version)--&gt;
* [[Ars computatralis]]
* [[Ars Conceptualis]]
* [[Ars et lingua]]
* [[Ars kinetica]]&lt;!--
* [[Ars Op]]--&gt;
* [[Ars perfunctionis]]
* [[Ars plop]]&lt;!--
* [[Ars pop]]--&gt;
* [[Ars psychedelica]]&lt;!--
* [[Ars systematum]]--&gt;
* [[Campus colorum]]&lt;!--
* [[Eventus]] = Happenings--&gt;
* [[Expressionismus abstractus]]&lt;!--
* [[Expressionismus Figurativus Americanus]]--&gt;
* [[Fluxus]]&lt;!--
* [[Imagistae abstracti]]
* [[Imagistae Sicaginienses]]
* [[Impressio lenticularis]]--&gt;
* [[Lux et spatium]]
* [[Minimalismus]]&lt;!--
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria aestimationum||it|qid=Q3187415}}
* [[Motus artis Sicagi]]
* [[Motus Figurativus Regionis Sinus]] = Bay Area F. M.--&gt;
* [[Pictura marginum durorum]]&lt;!--Hard-edge painting--&gt;
* [[Postminimalismus]]
* [[Neodada]]
* [[Realismus novus]]&lt;!--Nouveau Réalisme--&gt;&lt;!--
* [[Schola Novi Eboraci]]
* [[Sculptura mollis]]
* [[Post-painterly Abstraction]]--&gt;
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top; width:16%;&quot;|
 
===1970===
* [[Agroglypha]]
* [[Ars corporea]]
* [[Ars circumiectorum]]&lt;!--Environmental art--&gt;&lt;!--
* [[Ars feminista]]--&gt;
* [[Ars funk]]
* [[Ars installationum]]&lt;!--
* [[Ars rationis]] = Process Art--&gt;
* [[Ars robotica]]
* [[Ars pauper]]&lt;!--Arte Povera--&gt;
* [[Ars ASCII]]
* [[Ars terrestris]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Exemplar et Ornatus||en|qid=Q7148372}}
* [[Holographia]]
* [[Liber artificis]]&lt;!--Artist's book--&gt;
* [[Photorealismus]]
* [[Pictura mala]]&lt;!--Bad Painting--&gt;
* [[Postminimalismus]]
* [[Transmissiones COUM]]&lt;!--
* [[Froissage]]
* [[Lowbrow (art movement)]]
* [[Mail art]]
* [[Papunya Tula]]
* [[Haitian art|Saint Soleil School]]
* [[Video art]]
* [[Warli|Warli painting revival]]
* [[Wildstyle]]--&gt;
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top; width:16%;&quot;|
 
===1980===
* [[NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt]]
* [[Ars appropriationis]]
* [[Ars circumiectorum]]
* [[Ars electronica]]
* [[Ars fractalis]]
* [[Ars neoconceptualis]]
* [[Ars postmoderna]]
* [[Ars sonorum]]
* [[Ars transgressiva]]
* [[Ars transhumanista]]
* [[Neoexpressionismus]]
* [[Neopop]]
* [[Transavanguardia]]&lt;!--
* [[Culture jamming]]--&gt;
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Demoscaena||en|qid=Q824340}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Figuratio libera||en|qid=Q1391488}}&lt;!--
* [[Graffiti Art]]
* [[Live Art (art form)|Live art]]
* [[Neue Slowenische Kunst]]--&gt;
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Schola Vancuverensis||en|qid=Q7914248}}&lt;!--
* [[Video installation]]
* [[Institutional Critique]]
* [[Contemporary Indigenous Australian art|Western and Central Desert art]]--&gt;
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top; width:16%;&quot;|
 
===1990===
* [[Ars digitalis]]&lt;!-- +
* [[Art interventionis]]--&gt;
* [[Ars corporea]]
* [[Ars bio]]
* [[Ars informationis]]
* [[Ars interretis]]
* [[Ars programmaturae]]
* [[Cyberartes]]
* [[Hyperrealismus]]
* [[Massurrealismus]]
*[[Maximalismus]]
* [[Nova Schola Lipsiensis]]
* [[Ars mediorum|Nova ars mediorum]]
* [[Nova Pictura Europaea]]
* [[Realismus Cynicus]]&lt;!--
* [[Relational art]]
* [[Tactical media]]
* [[Taring Padi]]
* [[Contemporary Indigenous Australian art|Western and Central Desert art]]
* [[Young British Artists]]--&gt;
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top; width:16%;&quot;|
 
===2000===
* [[Altermodernismus]]
* [[Ars urbana]]
* [[Ars viaria]]
* [[Ars virtualis]]
* [[Kitsch|Motus kitsch]]
* [[Pseudorealismus]]
* [[Remodernismus]]
* [[Realismus classicus]]
* [[Realismus cynicus]]
* [[Stuckismus]]
* [[Superflat]]&lt;!--
* [[Superstroke]]
* [[Renewable energy sculpture]]--&gt;
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Motus lentus||en|qid=Q27787189}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Avatara (computatio)||en|qid=Q152402}}&lt;!--
* [[Videogame art]]
* [[VJ (video performance artist)|VJ art]]--&gt;
|}
 
{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Acculturatio]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Antiars||en|qid=Q610106}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Anti-antiars||en|qid=Q4774322}}
* [[Ars abstracta]]
* [[Ars reductiva]]
* [[Avant-garde]]
* [[Cultura]]
* [[Historia artis]]
* [[Iracundi]]
* [[Modernismus]]
* [[Motus artis]]
* [[Neoexpressionismus]]
* [[Criticismus postmodernismi]]
* [[Index museorum artis hodiernae]]
* [[Index artificum hodiernorum]]
* [[Specificitas media]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria aestimationum||it|qid=Q3187415}}&lt;!--
* [[Classificatory disputes about art]]--&gt;
{{div col end}}

==Notae==  
&lt;references/&gt;
 
==Bibliographia==
*Smith, Terry. [[2009]]. ''What Is Contemporary Art?'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226764311, ISBN 9780226764313.
*Stiles, Kristine, et Peter Howard Selz. [[1996]]. ''Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists's Writings.'' ISBN 0520202511.
*Wallace, Isabelle Loring, et Jennie Hirsh. [[2011]]. ''Contemporary Art and Classical Myth.'' Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 9780754669746.
 
==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Contemporary art|artem hodiernam}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ars Hodierna}}
[[Categoria:Ars]]&lt;!--PRO TEM--&gt;
[[Categoria:Ars hodierna| ]]
[[Categoria:Ars postmoderna]]
[[Categoria:Postmodernismus]]
{{Myrias|Ars}}</text>
      <sha1>ph5ewmasw1llvvuol4po8hrv6z4zu5j</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Sennariolum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2103" sha1="qnhy3lqp5hoqvrljjctq1r6aj001r7i" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Sant'Andrea Apostolo (Sennariolo).jpg|thumb|Sennariolum]]
'''Sennariolum'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/faraejohannisfra13fara/faraejohannisfra13fara_djvu.txt &quot;Farae Johannis Francisci sassarensis De chorographia Sardiniae : libri duo De rebus sardois : libri quatuor ex recensione Victorii Angius ex S.P. R.T.S.A.S.A.L. : tomus primus : L. II. Chorog. continens, additio lexico ejusdem et oratione de laudibus auctoris&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pittau.it/Sardo/top_sard_meridionale.html Massimo Pittau - TOPONIMI DELLA SARDEGNA SETTENTRIONALE, Significato e origine]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Sennariolum|i|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sennariolo|Sennariolo]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Sardinia]] et in [[Provincia Arborensis|Provincia Arborensi]] situm. Incolae ''Sennariolenses'' appellantur.

Municipium in [[Mons Ferrus (historica regio Sardiniae)|Monte Ferro]] historica ac geographica terra situm.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Geographia ==
* [[Mons Ferrus (historica regio Sardiniae)|Mons Ferrus]] seu [[Mons Ferri (historica regio Sardiniae)|Mons Ferri]] (''terra''),

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio ==
== Municipia finitima ==

{{NexInt}}
* [[Sardinia]] (''regio et insula''),
* [[Provincia Arborensis]],
* [[Mons Ferrus (historica regio Sardiniae)|Mons Ferrus]] seu [[Mons Ferri (historica regio Sardiniae)|Mons Ferri]] (''terra''),
* [[Aristianis]] (''urbs''),
* [[Municipium Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200809223344/https://comune.sennariolo.or.it/ Pagina officialis]
{{CommuniaCat|Sennariolo|Sennariolum}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Map of comune of Sennariolo (province of Oristano, region Sardinia, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Arborensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Aristianis]]
[[Categoria:Mons Ferrus (Sardinia)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Index urbium, oppidorum et communium Saxoniae Inferioris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="179796" sha1="1h917tbvg5huxjf141jnnrzgrj49r8v" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-diek'' aut ''-deich'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelte]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimke]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalsede]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Klein Berßen]]
* [[Klein Meckelsen]]
* [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]]
* [[Kneitlingen]]
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Köhlen]]
* [[Königsmoor]]
* [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]]
* [[Krebeck]]
* [[Krummendeich]]
* [[Krummhörn]]
* [[Kührstedt]]
* [[Küsten]]
* [[Kutenholz]]
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="180117" sha1="9py1zj2xwcfw0rawk0guufzxxnoasvd" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-diek'' aut ''-deich'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Klein Berßen]]
* [[Klein Meckelsen]]
* [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]]
* [[Kneitlingen]]
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Köhlen]]
* [[Königsmoor]]
* [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]]
* [[Krebeck]]
* [[Krummendeich]]
* [[Krummhörn]]
* [[Kührstedt]]
* [[Küsten]]
* [[Kutenholz]]
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986486</id>
      <parentid>3986419</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T19:28:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="182539" sha1="j78mdhu7yc8xahgdktause5mvnr3avz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-diek'' aut ''-deich'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Köhlen]]
* [[Königsmoor]]
* [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]]
* [[Krebeck]]
* [[Krummendeich]]
* [[Krummhörn]]
* [[Kührstedt]]
* [[Küsten]]
* [[Kutenholz]]
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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      <id>3986501</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:04:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="183572" sha1="7xg7bffmfa4wfvml33dsus7ebzgsnnr" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-diek'' aut ''-deich'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krebeck]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummendeich]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummhörn]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kührstedt]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Küsten]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kutenholz]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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      <id>3986559</id>
      <parentid>3986501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:46:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="184593" sha1="mi6kh9ovyj4dk5bmsttu9gdm0nhamaa" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-diek'' aut ''-deich'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummhörn]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kührstedt]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Küsten]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kutenholz]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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      <id>3986560</id>
      <parentid>3986559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:47:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="184223" sha1="qrzhbjo38d3vyb9rnq95x4tn64y1eqa" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummhörn]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kührstedt]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Küsten]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kutenholz]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986585</id>
      <parentid>3986560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T11:56:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="184839" sha1="i5cr6qhgo2t8zm2908ndq0q9eoupwbk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cornu Curvatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;curvatus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine &quot;cornu-us&quot; (n.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kusta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kutenholz]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laar]]
* [[Laatzen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorf]]
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]]
* [[Lähden]]
* [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]]
* ''[[Lamspringe]]''
* [[Lamstedt]]
* [[Landesbergen]]
* [[Landolfshausen]]
* [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]]
* [[Langelsheim]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' &lt;small&gt;(b.Bremerhaven)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] &lt;small&gt;(Emsland)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]]
* [[Langenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langeoog]]
* [[Langlingen]]
* [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lastrup]]
* [[Lathen]]
* [[Lauenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbrück]]
* [[Lauenförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhagen]]
* [[Leese]]
* [[Leezdorf]]
* [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]]
* [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]]
* [[Lehrte]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferde]]
* [[Lembruch]]
* [[Lemförde]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgow]]
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengede]]
* [[Lengenbostel]]
* [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]]
* [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]]
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburg]]
* [[Lilienthal]]
* [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Lindhorst]]
* [[Lindwedel]]
* [[Lingen (Ems)]] &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburg]]
* [[Lintig]]
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lorup]]
* [[Loxstedt]]
* [[Lübberstedt]]
* [[Lübbow]]
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]]
* [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]]
* [[Lüdersburg]]
* [[Lüdersfeld]]
* [[Lüerdissen]]
* [[Luhden]]
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lütetsburg]]
* ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]''
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasen]]
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhafe]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marienhagen]]
* [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]]
* [[Marklohe]]
* [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]]
* [[Marschacht]]
* [[Martfeld]]
* [[Marxen]]
* [[Mechtersen]]
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerbeck]]
* [[Meine]]
* [[Meinersen]]
* [[Melbeck]]
* [[Melle]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghausen]]
* [[Menslage]]
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merzen]]
* [[Messenkamp]]
* [[Messingen]]
* [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]]
* [[Misselwarden]]
* [[Mittelnkirchen]]
* [[Mittelstenahe]]
* [[Moisburg]]
* [[Molbergen]]
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerland]]
* [[Moorweg]]
* [[Moringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müden (Alara)]]
* [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]]
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorf]]
* [[Natendorf]]
* [[Neetze]]
* [[Negenborn]]
* [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]]
* [[Neubörger]]
* [[Neu Darchau]]
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Altes Land)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(b.Bassum)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Land Hadeln)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Osnabrück)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;(Lüneb.Heide)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]]
* [[Neuharlingersiel]]
* [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]]
* [[Neukamperfehn]]
* [[Neulehe]]
* [[Neuschoo]]
* [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neu Wulmstorf]]
* [[Niederlangen]]
* [[Niedernwöhren]]
* [[Niemetal]]
* [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]]
* [[Nienstädt]]
* [[Norden]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenham]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderney]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordholz]]
* [[Nordleda]]
* [[Nordsehl]]
* [[Nordstemmen]]
* [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortmoor]]
* [[Nortrup]]
* [[Nottensdorf]]
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberlangen]]
* [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]]
* [[Obernfeld]]
* [[Obernholz]]
* [[Obernkirchen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]]
* [[Odisheim]]
* [[Oederquart]]
* [[Oerel]]
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetzen]]
* [[Ohne]]
* [[Ohrum]]
* [[Oldenburgum]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] &lt;small&gt;(Lkr.Stade)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]]
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]]
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]]
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]]
* [[Rohrsen]]
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]]
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]]
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]]
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]]
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]]
* [[Warpe]]
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]]
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]]
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
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    <title>Agricultura biodynamica</title>
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      <text bytes="14175" sha1="n3fk3g5724p21s02fpme90hoaswf1o3" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Steiner um 1905.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Rudolphus Steiner]].]]
'''Agricultura biodynamica''' est ratio [[agricultura organica|agriculturae organicae]] primum a [[Rudolphus Steiner|Rudolpho Steiner]] excogitata, rebus utens quas proponentes holisticum rationum [[agricultura|rusticarum]] intellectum appellant&lt;ref&gt;[[Anglice]]: &quot;a holistic understanding of agricultural processes.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;OrgAg2:145.&lt;/ref&gt; Unus ex primis motibus [[agricultura quae sustineri potest|agriculturae quae sustineri potest]]&lt;!--sustainable a.--&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;Paull, John (2011) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708205357/http://www.organic-systems.org/journal/Vol_6(1)/pdf/6(1)-Paull-pp27-41.pdf &quot;Biodynamic Agriculture: The Journey from Koberwitz to the World, 1924–1938&quot;], ''Journal of Organic Systems'', 2011, 6(1):27–41.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lotter&gt;D. W. Lotter, 2003.[https://web.archive.org/web/20180708123123/http://donlotter.net/lotter_organicag.pdf &quot;Organic agriculture&quot;] in ''Journal of Sustainable Agriculture'' 21(4).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Richard Harwood, olim C. S. Mott Chair for Sustainable Agriculture in Universitate Civica Michiganiae, motum biodynamicum appellat &quot;first organized and well-defined movement of growers and philosophies [in sustainable agriculture] (Harwood 1990:6).&lt;/ref&gt; [[fertilitas soli|fertilitatem soli]], auctum [[planta]]rum, et tutelam [[pecus|pecoris]] ut opera per [[oecologia]]m coniuncta tractat,&lt;ref&gt;OrgAg.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Duram2010&gt;{{cite book |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofor0000unse_u9g0/page/347 347]–349 |last=Ikerd |first=John |chapter=Sustainability, Rural |editor=Leslie A. Duram |title=Encyclopedia of Organic, Sustainable, and Local Food |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofor0000unse_u9g0 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2010 |isbn=0313359636}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |page=233 |last1=Abbott |first1=L. K. |last2=Murphy |first2=Daniel V. |title=Soil Biological Fertility: A Key to Sustainable Land Use in Agriculture |publisher=Springer |year=2007 |isbn=140206618X}}.&lt;/ref&gt; conspectus [[spiritualitas|spirituales]] et [[mysticismus|mysticos]] vehementius dicens. Proponentes agriculturae biodynamicae, inter quos Steiner, eam appellaverunt [[scientia (ratio)|scientiam]] incorpoream,&lt;!--spiritual s.--&gt; partem maioris motus [[anthroposophia]]e.&lt;ref&gt;OrgAg2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Paull2011&gt;Paull, John (2011) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708205357/http://www.organic-systems.org/journal/Vol_6(1)/pdf/6(1)-Paull-pp27-41.pdf &quot;Biodynamic Agriculture: The Journey from Koberwitz to the World, 1924–1938&quot;], ''Journal of Organic Systems,'' 2011, 6(1):27–41.&lt;/ref&gt;

Biodynamica multum communiter cum aliis doctrinis organicis habet: usum [[stercus|stercorum]] et [[compositum|compositorum]]&lt;!--composts--&gt; exprimit, usumque [[substantia chemica|substantiarum chemicarum]] artificiosorum in solo et [[planta|plantis]] vetat. Inter rationes in doctrina biodynamica unicas sunt tractatio [[animal]]ium, [[planta]]rum, et soli ut systema unum; [[fides]] productioni loci et systematibus distributionis; usus translaticorum et evolutio novorum generum et varietatum loci; et usus [[calendarium|calendarii]] [[astrologia|astrologici]] pro satione et plantatione. Agricultura biodynamica variis additamentis [[herba]]ceis et [[minerale|mineralibus]] pro addiectionibus compositi et asperginibus agrorum utitur; quae aliquando per rationes controversas parantur, sicut inhumatio [[quarzum|quarzi]] contusi in [[cornu]] [[bos|bovis]] farti, ratio quae &quot;[[vis|vires]] [[cosmos|cosmicas]] in solo&quot; legere dictur, tam [[magia sympathetica|magiae sympatheticae]] quam [[agronomia]]e similius.

Anno [[2011]], artes biodynamicae ad 142&amp;thinsp;482 [[hectarium|hectariorum]] in 47 [[civitas|civitatibus]] adhibebantur. [[Germania]] 45 centesimas summae per [[tellus|orbem terrarum]] tenebat;&lt;ref&gt;John Paull, [http://orgprints.org/18860/1/Paull2011OlympiadJSDS.pdf &quot;Organics Olympiad 2011: Global Indices of Leadership in Organic Agriculture,&quot;] ''Journal of Social and Development Sciences,'' 1(4):144–150 (Maio 2011).&lt;/ref&gt; reliquum 1750 hectariorum per [[civitas|civitatem]] peraequabat. Nonnullae vineae notabiles [[vinum biodynamicum|biodynamicas vitium cultorum rationes]] sibi sumpserunt.&lt;ref&gt;Reeve et al. 2005.&lt;/ref&gt; Sunt agenturae testificationis pro operibus biodynamicis, quarum plurimae sunt sodales [[Demeter International|Demetris Internationalis]], gregis internationalis normarum biodynamicarum.

Nulla differentia in eventibus commodis ratione probata est inter affirmatas agriculturae biodynamicae artes et [[agricultura organica|agriculturam organicam]] (similem) et usum [[agricultura integrata|agriculturae integratae]]. Reprehensores agriculturam biodynamicam [[scientia falsa|scientiam falsam]] aestimaverunt ob inopiam indiciorum validorum eius efficacitatis et [[scepticismus|scepticismum]] rerum tantum [[cogitatio magica]] reprehensarum.&lt;ref&gt;Jamie Goode, ''The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass'' (University of California Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-520-24800-7).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Chalker&gt;Linda Chalker-Scott (2004), [https://web.archive.org/web/20070415163815/http://www.puyallup.wsu.edu/~Linda%20Chalker-Scott/Horticultural%20Myths_files/Myths/Biodynamic%20agriculture.pdf &quot;The Myth of Biodynamic Agriculture,&quot;] ''Master Gardener Magazine.''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;D. Smith (2006), [http://www.sigihiss.com/files/eno/bioarticle%20fine.pdf &quot;On Fertile Ground? Objections to Biodynamics,&quot;] ''The World of Fine Wine,'' 12:108–113.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Holger Kirchmann (1994), &quot;Biological dynamic farming--an occult form of alternative agriculture?&quot; ''Journal of Agricural Environmental Ethics'' 7(2):173–187; doi:10.1007/BF02349036.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{NexInt}}&lt;!--
{{portal|Agricultura et Agronomia}}--&gt;
* [[Agrobiologia]]
* [[Agroecologia]]&lt;!--
*[[Agricultura biointensiva]]
*[[Permacultura]]--&gt;
* [[Spiritualismus]]
* [[Stercus viride]]
* [[Veriflora]]&lt;!--
*[[Alanus Chadwick]]
*[[Ehrenfried Pfeiffer]]
*[[List of Biodynamic Farms]]
*''[[The Real Dirt on Farmer John]]''
*[[Wild farming]]--&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{cite web |author=Biodynamic Agricultural Association |year=n.d.|title=How does the Calendar work? |work=Biodynamic Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.biodynamic.org.uk/FAQ.htm#calendar |publisher=The Biodynamic Agricultural Association (UK) |accessdate=2007-10-05 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070928221055/http://www.biodynamic.org.uk/FAQ.htm#calendar &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archivedate = 2007-09-28}}
* Burkitt, L. L., D. R. Small, J. W. McDonald, W. J. Wales, et M. L. Jenkin. [[2007]]. Comparing irrigated biodynamic and conventionally managed dairy farms. 1. Soil and pasture properties. ''Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture'' 47(5):479–488. doi:10.1071/EA05196. OCLC 12490171.
* Burkitt, L. L., W. J. Wales, J. W. McDonald, D. R. Small, et M. L. Jenkin, [[2007]]. Comparing irrigated biodynamic and conventionally managed dairy farms. 2. Milk production and composition and animal health. ''Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture'' 47(5) 489–494. doi:10.1071/EA06085. OCLC 12490171.
* Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne, John P. Reganold, et Ann C. Kennedy. [[2000]]a. Effects of Biodynamic Preparations on Compost Development. ''Biological Agriculture and Horticulture'' 17:313–328. ISSN 0144-8765. doi:10.1080/01448765.2000.9754852.[http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/36450000/Products-Reprints/2000/865.pdf PDF.]
* Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne, John P. Reganold, et Ann C. Kennedy. [[2000]]b. Biodynamic preparations: Short-term effects on crops, soils, and weed populations. ''American Journal of Alternative Agriculture'' 15(3):110–118. ISSN 0889-1893. doi:10.1017/S0889189300008614. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017160831/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&amp;cpsidt=794876 Situs.]

* {{cite journal |author=Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne |author2=Ann C. Kennedy|author3=John P. Reganold  |year = 2000c|date=1 September 2000|title=Organic and Biodynamic Management: Effects on Soil Biology  |url=http://soil.scijournals.org/cgi/content/full/64/5/1651 |journal=Soil Science Society of America Journal |volume=64 |pages=1651–1659 |publisher=Soil Science Society of America |issue=5 |doi=10.2136/sssaj2000.6451651x}}
* {{cite web |author=Chalker-Scott, Linda |year=2004 |title=The Myth of Biodynamic Agriculture |url=http://www.puyallup.wsu.edu/%7ELinda%20Chalker%2DScott/Horticultural%20Myths_files/Myths/Biodynamic%20agriculture.pdf |format=PDF |work=Horticultural Myths |publisher=Washington State University Puyallup Research &amp; Extension Center}}
* {{cite web |author=Diver, Steve |year=1999 |title=Biodynamic Farming &amp; Compost Preparation (ATTRA Publication #IP137) |url=http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodynamic.html |publisher=ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service}}

* Harwood, Richard R. [[1990]]. A History of Sustainable Agriculture. In ''Sustainable Agricultural Systems,'' ed. Clive A. Edwards, Rattan Lal, Patrick Madden, Robert H. Miller, et Gar House, 3–19. Ankeny Iovae: Soil and Water Conservation Society. ISBN 0-935734-21-X. OCLC 20933949.
* Kirchmann, Holger. [[1994]]. Biological dynamic farming: An occult form of alternative agriculture? ''Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics'' 7(2): 173–187. doi:10.1007/BF02349036. OCLC 41569500.
* Koepf, Herbert. [[2009]]. ''Research in Biodynamic Agriculture: Methods and Results.'' Biodynamic Farm and Gardening Association. ISBN 0-938250-34-5.
* Koepf, Herbert, et Bodo von Plato. [[2001]]. ''Die biologisch-dynamische Wirtschaftsweise im 20. Jahrhundert.'' Dornach.

* {{cite book |author=Kristiansen, Paul |year=2006 |chapter=Overview of organic agriculture |chapterurl=http://www.publish.csiro.au/samples/OrganicAgSample.pdf |format=PDF |edition=online sample reprint |editor=Paul Kristiansen, Acram Taji and John Reganold (eds.) |title=Organic Agriculture: A Global Perspective |location=Collingwood, VIC |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |pages=1–23 |isbn=9780643090903 |oclc=71801183}}&lt;!--
*{{cite journal |author=Mäder, Paul |author2=Andreas Fließbach|author3=David Dubois|author4=Lucie Gunst|author5=Padruot Fried|author6= Urs Niggli |year=2002 |title=Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2002-05-31_296_5573/page/1694 |journal=Science |volume=296 |issue=5573 |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |location=New York, NY |pages=1694–1697 |doi:10.1126/science.1071148 |pmid=12040197 |oclc=1644869}}--&gt;

* Martinez, A. W. [[1952]]. [http://rotheraine.com/golden_garbage.html The City With Golden Garbage.] ''Collier's Weekly,'' 31 Maii. OCLC 8755061.
* Nastati, Enzo. [[2010]]. [http://www.moodie.biz/enzobooks.html ''Commentary on Dr Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course.''] MM Publications.
* Paull, John. [[2011]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722003023/http://www.eurojournals.com/EJSS_21_1_05.pdf Attending the First Organic Agriculture Course: Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz, 1924.] ''European Journal of Social Sciences'' 21(1):64-70.
* Paull, John. [[2011]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708205357/http://www.organic-systems.org/journal/Vol_6(1)/pdf/6(1)-Paull-pp27-41.pdf Biodynamic Agriculture: The Journey from Koberwitz to the World, 1924-1938.] ''Journal of Organic Systems'' 6(1):27-41.
* Paull, John. [[2011]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723070359/http://www.ifrnd.org/JSDS/1(4)%20May%202011/Organics%20Olympiad%202011_Global%20Indices%20of%20Leadership.pdf Organics Olympiad 2011: Global Indices of Leadership in Organic Agriculture.] ''Journal of Social and Development Sciences'' 1(4):144-150.
* Paull, John. [[2011]]. ''The Secrets of Koberwitz: The Diffusion of Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course and the Founding of Biodynamic Agriculture. ''Journal of Social Research and Policy'' 2(1):19-29.
* Pfeiffer, Ehrenfried. [[1938]], [[2006]]. ''Soil Fertility, Renewal and Preservation: Bio-Dynamic Farming and Gardening.'' Dellii: Asiatic Publishing House. ISBN 81-87067-73-X.
* Reeve, Jennifer R., Lynne Carpenter-Boggs, John P. Reganold, Alan L. York, Glenn McGourty, et Leo P. McCloskey. [[2005]]. Soil and Winegrape Quality in Biodynamically and Organically Managed Vineyards. ''American Journal of Enology and Viticulture'' 56(4): 367–376. ISSN 0002-9254. OCLC 60652537. [http://www.ajevonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/4/367 Abstractum.]
* Reganold, John P., Alan S. Palmer, James C. Lockhart, et A. Neil Macgregor. [[1993]]. Soil Quality and Financial Performance of Biodynamic and Conventional Farms in New Zealand. ''Science'' 260(5106):344–349. doi:10.1126/science.260.5106.344.
* Schilthuis, Willy. [[2003]]. ''Biodynamic Agriculture.'' Floris Books. ISBN 0-86315-397-6.
* Storl, Wolf D. [[2013]]. ''Culture and Horticulture: The Classic Guide to Biodynamic and Organic Gardening.'' Berkeleiae: North Atlantic Bookd. ISBN 978-1-58394-550-6.
* Treue, Peter. [[2002]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20030417075038/http://www.nitrogen.de/bub/faz.htm Blut und Bohnen: Der Paradigmenwechsel im Künast-Ministerium ersetzt Wissenschaft durch Okkultismus.] ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung - Die Gegenwart,'' 62(12), 13 Martii. &lt;!--http://web.archive.org/web/20070928141852/http://www.nitrogen.de/bub/faz.htm--&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://oneco.biofach.de/en/news/biodynamic-agriculture-shows-steady-global-growth--focus--d93f8e9e-ff78-4609-b1b3-5847a5a679cb/?focus=d93f8e9e-ff78-4609-b1b3-5847a5a679cb&amp;rate=4 &quot;Biodynamic agriculture shows steady global growth,&quot;]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} oneco.biofach.de
* [http://www.rsarchive.org/Biodynamics/ Divisio de biodynamica in Archivo Rudolphi Steiner,] www.rsarchive.org
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthcomment/3346939/The-methods-behind-biodynamic-bounty.html &quot;The methods behind biodynamic bounty,&quot;] ''Telegraph,'' 11 Iulii 2008

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agricultura Biodynamica}}
[[Categoria:Anthroposophia]]
[[Categoria:Agricultura]]&lt;!--rcte: A. organica--&gt;
[[Categoria:Horticultura]]&lt;!--recte: H. organica--&gt;
[[Categoria:Scientia falsa]]&lt;!--
[[Categoria:Sustainable agriculture]]--&gt;</text>
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    <title>Saint-Avit-Rivière</title>
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[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 24378.png|thumb|left|250px| Saint-Avit-Rivière: communis tabula]]
''' Saint-Avit-Rivière ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 77 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Duranius (praefectura Franciae)|Duranii]] in regione [[Aquitania (regio Franciae)|Aquitania]].

{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Duranii]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat| Saint-Avit-Rivière | Saint-Avit-Rivière }}

* {{INSEE commune|24378|de=Saint-Avit-Rivière}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Dordoniae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Dordoniae]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 24378.png|thumb|left|250px| Saint-Avit-Rivière: communis tabula]]
''' Saint-Avit-Rivière ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 91 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Duranius (praefectura Franciae)|Duranii]] in regione [[Aquitania (regio Franciae)|Aquitania]].

{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Duranii]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat| Saint-Avit-Rivière | Saint-Avit-Rivière }}

* {{INSEE commune|24378|de=Saint-Avit-Rivière}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Dordoniae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Dordoniae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tactus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3779" sha1="g9uytrpwkqbl14418ru0b7xoc60nyz8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257


{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3986421</origin>
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      <text bytes="3951" sha1="2ekl1d8b79p0my7b7265l1khzzr4hn0" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/bThe organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257


{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
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      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
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[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257


{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4189" sha1="bj4tv2knoua7hi6od5s14tnbl2u6os5" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257


{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
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[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257


{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Receptoria tactus */</comment>
      <origin>3986443</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4931" sha1="63fiijzm2p266k8mwpdzseywl50btgu" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad truncum cerebri pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257


{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De informationis tactilis itinere */</comment>
      <origin>3986444</origin>
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      <text bytes="5155" sha1="sx9hr17kjzmuhxkpiicdss4gn1ny1i5" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum ingromationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257


{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986445</id>
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        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus */</comment>
      <origin>3986445</origin>
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      <text bytes="5155" sha1="hv8jyv973jz7qroww4yxy3w73m924nn" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257


{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986446</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3986446</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5307" sha1="dyikay2sjjzs11jhozk5s05dn70y7y3" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986447</id>
      <parentid>3986446</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T16:54:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus */</comment>
      <origin>3986447</origin>
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      <text bytes="5662" sha1="ours0adr0f5p4csovrzis0pjamuwiml" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medius|lemnisci medii]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] adducunt (I gyrum poscentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii).

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
      <sha1>ours0adr0f5p4csovrzis0pjamuwiml</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986449</id>
      <parentid>3986447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T16:58:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus */</comment>
      <origin>3986449</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5682" sha1="s0becon4b9e4d3u3qbs3ene22eworrg" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medius|lemnisci medii]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum poscentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii).

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
      <sha1>s0becon4b9e4d3u3qbs3ene22eworrg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986450</id>
      <parentid>3986449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T16:58:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus */</comment>
      <origin>3986450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5697" sha1="julka2ahl5q1fg7kchjijyh579mea57" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medius|lemnisci medii]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum poscentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
      <sha1>julka2ahl5q1fg7kchjijyh579mea57</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986454</id>
      <parentid>3986450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T17:02:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus */</comment>
      <origin>3986454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5866" sha1="7r9sgcuauj9pjht1qbp9q2c1mb7o03o" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medius|lemnisci medii]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum postcentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur.

In capite neuronum primariorum corpora in ganglione Gasseriano iacent. Inde informationem intra truncum ad complexum sensorium [[Nervus trigeminus|trigemini]] ducunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
      <sha1>7r9sgcuauj9pjht1qbp9q2c1mb7o03o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986473</id>
      <parentid>3986454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T18:53:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3986473</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5921" sha1="11bct8cwxmqalgfs2309fx5xsyy9xnv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneiformis|nucleo cuneiformi]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medius|lemnisci medii]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum postcentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur.

In capite neuronum primariorum corpora in ganglione Gasseriano iacent. Inde informationem intra truncum ad complexum sensorium [[Nervus trigeminus|trigemini]] ducunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Gray759.png|thumb|Via lemnisci medialis]]
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
      <sha1>11bct8cwxmqalgfs2309fx5xsyy9xnv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986477</id>
      <parentid>3986473</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T19:06:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus */</comment>
      <origin>3986477</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5920" sha1="c0y3njrsauoaymaonkpvtgtb4ofa9fm" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]]

{{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest.

In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. 

== Receptoria tactus ==
Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: 
[[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]]
* [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum)
* [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]])
* [[Cellula Merkeliana]]
* [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum
* [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}&lt;/ref&gt; (corpusculum tactus)

== De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus ==
[[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneatus|nucleo cuneato]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medialis|lemnisci medialis]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum postcentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur.

In capite neuronum primariorum corpora in ganglione Gasseriano iacent. Inde informationem intra truncum ad complexum sensorium [[Nervus trigeminus|trigemini]] ducunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Gray759.png|thumb|Via lemnisci medialis]]
*Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]&quot;, ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639
*Ian Darian Smith, &quot;[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]&quot;, ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 
**&quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]&quot;, ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788
*Matthew J. Hertenstein &amp; Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica]
*Roland S. Johansson &amp; J. Randall Flanagan. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]&quot;, ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 
*Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]&quot;, ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32
*Kenneth Johnson, &quot;[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]&quot; in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583
*Jon H. Kaas, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518
*J. Kaas, C. Collins. &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]&quot;, ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67
*Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]&quot;,  ''Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459
*Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur,  &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]&quot;, ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pressio]]
* [[Somatopsyche]]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Neurologia]]
[[Categoria:Tactus| ]]</text>
      <sha1>c0y3njrsauoaymaonkpvtgtb4ofa9fm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Prunay-le-Gillon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>228981</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986434</id>
      <parentid>3441319</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:46:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986434</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="782" sha1="mk6sw06rfxa7j0hefh7u21hic6f4yg3" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Saint-Denis_-_Prunay_2.JPG|300 px|thumb|Prunay-le-Gillon: [[ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Dionysius|Sancto Dionysio]] dicata]]
[[Fasciculus:Map commune FR insee code 28309.png|300 px|thumb|left|Prunay-le-Gillon: communis tabula]]
''' Prunay-le-Gillon''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1'019 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Ebura et Lidericus|Eburae et Liderici]] in regione [[Centrum (regio Franciae)|Media]] situm.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Eburae et Liderici]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Prunay-le-Gillon|Prunay-le-Gillon}}
* {{INSEE commune|28309|de=Prunay-le-Gillon}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Eburae et Liderici]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Eburae et Liderici]]</text>
      <sha1>mk6sw06rfxa7j0hefh7u21hic6f4yg3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986435</id>
      <parentid>3986434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:47:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986435</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="782" sha1="kcfgkgg11u83dxhezqai3bdt1u3aqip" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Saint-Denis_-_Prunay_2.JPG|300 px|thumb|Prunay-le-Gillon: [[ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Dionysius|Sancto Dionysio]] dicata]]
[[Fasciculus:Map commune FR insee code 28309.png|300 px|thumb|left|Prunay-le-Gillon: communis tabula]]
''' Prunay-le-Gillon''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1'164 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Ebura et Lidericus|Eburae et Liderici]] in regione [[Centrum (regio Franciae)|Media]] situm.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Eburae et Liderici]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Prunay-le-Gillon|Prunay-le-Gillon}}
* {{INSEE commune|28309|de=Prunay-le-Gillon}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Eburae et Liderici]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Eburae et Liderici]]</text>
      <sha1>kcfgkgg11u83dxhezqai3bdt1u3aqip</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Palus Regis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986491</id>
      <parentid>3505764</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T20:42:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Königsmoor]] ad [[Palus Regis]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3505764</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1432" sha1="pl2rp2fpzzxrwblk137eos0pdl2d01p" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Königsmoor''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circuli Harburgensis]]. Königsmoor etiam pars communis generalis [[Tostedt (commune generale)|Tostedt]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Kriegsgefangenenlager in Norddeutschland, Königsmoor.jpg|thumb|left|Castra captivorum belli in agro Königmoor situm inter annos [[1914]] et [[1918]]]]
Königsmoor commune in palude magno situm est. Anno [[1860]] ager ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] transiit et anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m. Pars fuit vicorum Todtglüsingen et [[Wistedt]]. Anno [[1887]] nomen &quot;''Königsmoor''&quot; accepit et fundus ad paludem explorandam conditus est. Inter [[Bellum mundanum primum]] hic castra captivorum belli fuit. Numerus incolarum crevit, cum post [[Bellum mundanum secundum]] profugi ex oriente Germaniae venissent. Ab anno [[1946]] ager Königsmoor pars Saxoniae Inferioris erat. Anno [[1957]] novum commune Königsmoor e partibus communium Todtglüsingen et Wistedt conditum et ab anno [[1972]] pars [[Tostedt (commune generale)|Tostedt]] communis generalis est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat}}
* [http://www.gemeindekoenigsmoor.de www.gemeindekoenigsmoor.de]
* [http://www.tostedt.de/buergerservice/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/koenigsmoor/ Pagina communis generalis Tostedt de vico Königsmoor]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1957]]</text>
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'''Palus Regis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circuli Harburgensis]]. Palus Regis etiam pars communis generalis [[Tostedt (commune generale)|Tostedt]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Kriegsgefangenenlager in Norddeutschland, Königsmoor.jpg|thumb|left|Castra captivorum belli in agro Paludis Regis situm inter annos [[1914]] et [[1918]].]]
Palus Regis in palude magna sita est. Anno [[1860]] ager ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] transiit et anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m. Pars fuit vicorum Todtglüsingen et [[Wistedt]]. Anno [[1887]] nomen &quot;Palus Regis&quot; (Theodisce ''Königsmoor'') accepit et fundus ad paludem explorandam conditus est. Inter [[Bellum mundanum primum]] hic castra captivorum belli fuit. Numerus incolarum crevit, cum post [[Bellum mundanum secundum]] profugi ex oriente Germaniae venissent. Ab anno [[1946]] ager Paludis Regis pars Saxoniae Inferioris erat. Anno [[1957]] novum commune Palus Regis e partibus communium Todtglüsingen et Wistedt conditum et ab anno [[1972]] pars [[Tostedt (commune generale)|Tostedt]] communis generalis est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Königsmoor|Paludem Regis}}
* [http://www.gemeindekoenigsmoor.de www.gemeindekoenigsmoor.de]
* [http://www.tostedt.de/buergerservice/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/koenigsmoor/ Pagina communis generalis Tostedt de communi Palude Regis]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1957]]</text>
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'''Palus Regis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circuli Harburgensis]]. Palus Regis etiam pars communis generalis [[Tostedt (commune generale)|Tostedt]] est.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Kriegsgefangenenlager in Norddeutschland, Königsmoor.jpg|thumb|left|Castra captivorum belli in agro Paludis Regis situm inter annos [[1914]] et [[1918]].]]
Palus Regis in palude magna sita est. Anno [[1860]] ager ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] transiit et anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m. Pars fuit vicorum [[Todtglusinga]]e&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Todtglüsingen'') et [[Wistedt]]. Anno [[1887]] nomen &quot;Palus Regis&quot; (Theodisce ''Königsmoor'') accepit et fundus ad paludem explorandam conditus est. Inter [[Bellum mundanum primum]] hic castra captivorum belli fuit. Numerus incolarum crevit, cum post [[Bellum mundanum secundum]] profugi ex oriente Germaniae venissent. Ab anno [[1946]] ager Paludis Regis pars Saxoniae Inferioris erat. Anno [[1957]] novum commune Palus Regis e partibus communium [[Todtglusinga]]e&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Todtglüsingen'') et Wistedt conditum et ab anno [[1972]] pars [[Tostedt (commune generale)|Tostedt]] communis generalis est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Königsmoor|Paludem Regis}}
* [http://www.gemeindekoenigsmoor.de www.gemeindekoenigsmoor.de]
* [http://www.tostedt.de/buergerservice/samtgemeinde/mitgliedsgemeinden/koenigsmoor/ Pagina communis generalis Tostedt de communi Palude Regis]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1957]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stella Occidentis</title>
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      <text bytes="2619" sha1="gxgx2mbu0byaypufwoatm7wl07gpdx5" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Steamship Star of the West, with reinforcements for Major Anderson, approaching Fort Sumter.jpg|thumb|300px|''Stella Occidentis'' [[Castellum Sumter]] appropinquat, commeatus subsidiariosque transportans. [[Adumbratio]], ''Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper,'' [[19 Ianuarii]] [[1861]].]]

'''''Stella Occidentis''''' ([[Anglice]] 'Star of the West') fuit [[privatus|privata]]&lt;!--civilian--&gt; [[navis vaporaria]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]], quae mense Ianuario [[1861]] a [[gubernatio Civitatum Foederatarum|gubernatione Civitatum Foederatarum]] conducta est ad commeatus subsidiariosque transportandos ad [[Castellum Sumter]], praesidium militare. Cui insigniter in  [[Proelium Castelli Sumter|Proelio Castelli Sumter]] [[discipulus militaris|discipuli militares]]&lt;!--en:Cadet--&gt; ex [[The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina|The Citadel]] tela [[tormentum|tormentis]] coniecerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190303150810/http://www.citadel.edu/root/star-ofthe-west-152 &quot;152nd anniversary of the Star of the West,] www.citadel.edu (The Citadel).&lt;/ref&gt; ''Stella Occidentis'' fuit vicarius navis ''Brooklyn,'' ''[[screw sloop]]'' armatae, quae eam per [[navigatio]]nem persequebatur.&lt;ref name=starofthewest&gt;{{cite web |url=http://blueandgraytrail.com/event/Star_of_the_West |title=Star of the West |website=Georgia's Blue and Gray Trail}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Carolopolis Carolinae Meridianae in Bello Civili Americano]]&lt;!--
*[[Sumter, South Carolina#Notable people|George Edward &quot;Tuck&quot; Haynesworth]]
*[[Gulielmus Stewart Simkins]]
*[[Yazoo Pass Expedition]]--&gt;

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Updike, John. [[1996]]. ''Memories of the Ford Administration.'' ISBN 0449912116.
 
==Nexus externi==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190616220107/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/major-anderson-ft-sumter_Dir/civil-war-star-west-battle.htm &quot;Shots at the Star of the West,&quot;] www.sonofthesouth.net (Son of the South)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181006123147/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/panamafleet.shtml ''Steamships on the Panama Route – Both Atlantic and Pacific,''] www.theshipslist.com (The Ships List)

[[Categoria:Bellum Civile Americanum]]
[[Categoria:Classis Unionis]]
[[Categoria:Naves bellicae]]
[[Categoria:1861]]
&lt;!--
[[Category:Secession crisis of 1860–61]]
[[Category:South Carolina in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Ships of the Confederate States Navy]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the Mississippi River]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the American Civil War]]
[[Category:1852 ships]]--&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Auriacum</title>
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      <text bytes="7932" sha1="498uqc5rvgv3x4q5ip9y5cz3qtjh9s4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in AUR.svg|thumb|Communia in Auriaco Circulo.]]
'''Circulus Auriacum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Aurich''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. Usque ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ex anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]] urbs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historia ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1977]], [[ager]] antiqui circuli Norden{{dubsig}} cum Auriaco consociatus est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'') (urbs et caput circuli, 40&amp;thinsp;637 incolae)
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'') (insula, 564)
* [[Cornu Curvatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;curvatus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine &quot;cornu-us&quot; (n.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'') (12&amp;thinsp;228)
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'') (4525)
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'') (8563)
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'') (6906)
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'') (insula, 1540)
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [[https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'') (13&amp;thinsp;646)
* [[Norden]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum, 24&amp;thinsp;887)
* [[Norderney]]{{dubsig}} (insula et oppidum, 5845)
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; (sedes administrationis: Ihlowerfehn) (12&amp;thinsp;139)
* [[Südbrookmerland]]{{dubsig}} (18&amp;thinsp;509)
* [[Wiesmoor]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum 12&amp;thinsp;887)
* [[Brookmerland (commune generale)|Brookmerland]]{{dubsig}}  commune generale (13&amp;thinsp;204)
** [[Leezdorf]]{{dubsig}}  (1859)
** [[Marienhafe]]{{dubsig}}  (sedes administrationis, 2253)
** [[Osteel]]{{dubsig}}  (2201)
** [[Rechtsupweg]]{{dubsig}}  (2060)
** [[Upgant-Schott]]{{dubsig}}  (3802)
** [[Wirdum]]{{dubsig}}  (1029)
* [[Haga (commune generale)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'' ) commune generale (10&amp;thinsp;978)
** [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'') (2620)
** [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'' ) (oppidum et sedes administrationis, 6162)
** [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'') (993)
** [[Lütetsburg]] (758)
** [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'') (445)
* Ager ad commune non pertinens:
** [[Memmert]] (insula, 5,17 km² non habitata)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Landkreis Aurich|Circulum Auriacum}}
[http://www.landkreis-aurich Situs interretialis Auriaci proprius.]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}
{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Circulus Auriacum}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]
[[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]]</text>
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    <title>Cornu Curvatum</title>
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      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Krummhörn]] ad [[Cornu Curvatum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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[[Fasciculus:Pilsumer_Leuchtturm_2010-10_CN-I.jpg|thumb|left|Pharus in vico Pilsum]]
[[Fasciculus:Eilsum Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia in vico Eilsum]]
'''Krummhörn''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] atque in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Ad Krummhörn commune vici Campen (in anno 2008 507 incolae), Canum (293), Eilsum (612), Freepsum (406), Greetsiel (1553), Grimersum (604), Groothusen (483), Hamswehrum (493), Jennelt (384), Loquard (621), Manslagt (413), Pewsum (3289), Pilsum (594), Rysum (730), Upleward (405), Uttum (505), Visquard (720), Woltzeten (200) atque Woquard (191) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Vici eius communis partes [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] ducatus fuerunt, tum annis [[1744]] ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Krummhörn regio [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Krummhörn vici partes novi Circuli Aurich erant. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinent. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti in communem Krummhörn coniuncti sunt. Nomen ''Krummhörn'', quod in lingua Latina &quot;cornu curvatum&quot; significat, ad formam agri communis pertinet.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.krummhoern.de/ www.krummhoern.de]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1972]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986578</id>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="7122" sha1="ksi6fkrxj916iqg2u4kbhhc2dm7wgp7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Pilsumer_Leuchtturm_2010-10_CN-I.jpg|thumb|left|Pharus [[Pillesum|Pillesi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pillesum&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Pilsum'').]]
[[Fasciculus:Eilsum Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia [[Eilshemium|Eilshemii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eilshemium&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Eilsum'').]]
'''Cornu Curvatum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;curvatus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine &quot;cornu-us&quot; (n.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'') est commune [[Circulus Auriacum|circuli Auriaci]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] atque in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Ad Cornu Curvatum commune vici [[Campa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jahrbuch&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/637/EJ02.pdf?utm ''Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Ältertliümer zu Emden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Campen (Campa major, Campum) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Campen'') (anno 2008, 507 incolae), [[Canigum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Canum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/8567/Canum.pdf?utm ''Canum, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich – Datenblatt''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Canigum hodie Canum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Canum'') (293), [[Eilshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eilshemium&quot;&gt;Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio &quot;Eilshemius-a-um&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://heidelblog.net/2015/11/canones-synodi-dordrechtanae/ ''Lexikon schwäbischer Ortsnamen. Herkunft und Bedeutung''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) DANIEL BERNARDUS EILSHEMIUS, Emdanæ Ecclesiæ Pastor senior (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eilsum'') (612), [[Freepsum]] (Theodisce ''Freepsum'') (406), [[Frisgana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisgana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3031/Visquard.pdf?utm ''Visquard, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in villa Frisgana (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Visquard'') (720), [[Gelete]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gelete&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/1492/EJ11.pdf?utm ''Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in villa Gelete terram 7 pecudum cum ceteris appendiciis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Jennelt'') (384), [[Greetsila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Materiales&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/38/09/04montaner.pdf?utm ''MATERIALES PARA UNA POÉTICA DE LA IMAGINACIÓN EMBLEMÁTICA'', Alberti Montaner Frutos], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Greetsila, Allenii Osterhusæ, beningii Grimershemi et Grothusæ, in Harlingia Cankenii, Larletani et Valderani Emdanis uicini (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Greetsiel'') (1553), [[Grimershemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Materiales&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Grimersum'') (604), [[Grothusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Materiales&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Groothusen'') (483), [[Hameswerum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hameswerum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3190/Hamswehrum.pdf?utm ''Hamswehrum, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hameswerum noviter erecta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hamswehrum'') (493), [[Huttum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Uttum'') (505), [[Loquardia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-arda&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ard(t)'' aut ''-ard(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ardia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stargardia (Megapolis)|Stargardia]], [[Bresegardia apud Hyldam]] atque [[Sagardia]] apud [[https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_communium_Megapolis_et_Pomeraniae_Citerioris|articulum Vicipardiae Latinae de indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]]; [[Hardia (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hardia]] apud [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae|articulum Vicipardiae Latinae de indice communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]]; et [[Babardia]], [[Leovardia]] ac [[Bigardia]], apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Loquard'') (621), [[Marsfliati]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marsfliati&quot;&gt;Vide [http://www.greetsiel-krummhoern.de/manslagt/ ''www.greetsiel-krummhoern.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Ortsname lautete damals &quot;Marsfliati&quot; und &quot;Marslati&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Manslagt'') (413), [[Pewsuma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hexenverfolgung&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/71486/1/Lenz_Hexenverfolgung%20in%20Ostfriesland.pdf?utm ''Hexenverfolgung in Ostfriesland'', Marinae Lenz], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Auricae 2, Lehrae 2, Pewsumae 2 et Nordae 3 ex insula Juist (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Pewsum'') (caput communis, 3289 incolae), [[Pillesum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pillesum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.ms-visucom.de/cgi-bin/ebidat.pl?id=6634&amp;utm ''EBIDAT - Die Burgendatenbank''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Folcardus Beningha in Pillesum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Pilsum'') (594), [[Plegewerde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Plegewerde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3053/Upleward.pdf?utm ''Upleward, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Acko provisor in Plegewerde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Upleward'') (405), [[Rysingum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rysingum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/drwOstfrUrkunde1878/0658/image,info ''Heidelberg historic literature – digitized''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) vir Focko Hayana in Rysingum, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Rysum'') (730), [[Wachwerdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wachwerdia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/HOO/HOO_Woquard.pdf?utm ''Woquard, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Emmius schreibt (um 1600) „Wachwerdia“. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Woquard'') (191) atque [[Waltsation]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Waltsation&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bouwstoffen.kantl.be/tw/lemma/?id=17262 ''bouwstoffen.kantl.be/''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Woltzeten (facs.) [ Woltzeten : Au : Ns ] UUaltsation (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Woltzeten'') (200) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Vici eius communis partes [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] ducatus fuerunt, tum annis [[1744]] ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Cornus Curvati regio [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] tradita est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Cornus Curvati vici partes novi Circuli Auriaci erant. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinent. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti in communem Cornu Curvatum coniuncti sunt. Nomen &quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot; (Theodisce ''Krummhörn'') acceptum est propter formam agri communis.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Krummhörn|Cornu Curvatum}}
* [http://www.krummhoern.de/ www.krummhoern.de]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1972]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986579</id>
      <parentid>3986578</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T11:27:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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[[Fasciculus:Pilsumer_Leuchtturm_2010-10_CN-I.jpg|thumb|left|Pharus [[Pillesum|Pillesi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pillesum&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Pilsum'').]]
[[Fasciculus:Eilsum Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia [[Eilshemium|Eilshemii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eilshemium&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Eilsum'').]]
'''Cornu Curvatum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;curvatus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine &quot;cornu-us&quot; (n.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'') est commune [[Circulus Auriacum|circuli Auriaci]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] atque in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Ad Cornu Curvatum commune vici [[Campa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jahrbuch&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/637/EJ02.pdf?utm ''Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Ältertliümer zu Emden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Campen (Campa major, Campum) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Campen'') (anno 2008, 507 incolae), [[Canigum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Canum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/8567/Canum.pdf?utm ''Canum, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich – Datenblatt''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Canigum hodie Canum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Canum'') (293), [[Eilshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Eilshemium&quot;&gt;Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio &quot;Eilshemius-a-um&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://heidelblog.net/2015/11/canones-synodi-dordrechtanae/ ''Lexikon schwäbischer Ortsnamen. Herkunft und Bedeutung''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) DANIEL BERNARDUS EILSHEMIUS, Emdanæ Ecclesiæ Pastor senior (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eilsum'') (612), [[Freepsum]] (Theodisce ''Freepsum'') (406), [[Frisgana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisgana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3031/Visquard.pdf?utm ''Visquard, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in villa Frisgana (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Visquard'') (720), [[Gelete]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gelete&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/1492/EJ11.pdf?utm ''Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in villa Gelete terram 7 pecudum cum ceteris appendiciis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Jennelt'') (384), [[Greetsila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Materiales&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/38/09/04montaner.pdf?utm ''MATERIALES PARA UNA POÉTICA DE LA IMAGINACIÓN EMBLEMÁTICA'', Alberti Montaner Frutos], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Greetsila, Allenii Osterhusæ, beningii Grimershemi et Grothusæ, in Harlingia Cankenii, Larletani et Valderani Emdanis uicini (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Greetsiel'') (1553), [[Grimershemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Materiales&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Grimersum'') (604), [[Grothusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Materiales&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Groothusen'') (483), [[Hameswerum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hameswerum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3190/Hamswehrum.pdf?utm ''Hamswehrum, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hameswerum noviter erecta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hamswehrum'') (493), [[Huttum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Uttum'') (505), [[Loquardia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-arda&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ard(t)'' aut ''-ard(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ardia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stargardia (Megapolis)|Stargardia]], [[Bresegardia apud Hyldam]] atque [[Sagardia]] apud [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_communium_Megapolis_et_Pomeraniae_Citerioris|articulum Vicipardiae Latinae de indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]; [[Hardia (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hardia]] apud [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae|articulum Vicipardiae Latinae de indice communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]]; et [[Babardia]], [[Leovardia]] ac [[Bigardia]], apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Loquard'') (621), [[Marsfliati]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marsfliati&quot;&gt;Vide [http://www.greetsiel-krummhoern.de/manslagt/ ''www.greetsiel-krummhoern.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Ortsname lautete damals &quot;Marsfliati&quot; und &quot;Marslati&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Manslagt'') (413), [[Pewsuma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hexenverfolgung&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/71486/1/Lenz_Hexenverfolgung%20in%20Ostfriesland.pdf?utm ''Hexenverfolgung in Ostfriesland'', Marinae Lenz], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Auricae 2, Lehrae 2, Pewsumae 2 et Nordae 3 ex insula Juist (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Pewsum'') (caput communis, 3289 incolae), [[Pillesum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pillesum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.ms-visucom.de/cgi-bin/ebidat.pl?id=6634&amp;utm ''EBIDAT - Die Burgendatenbank''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Folcardus Beningha in Pillesum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Pilsum'') (594), [[Plegewerde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Plegewerde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3053/Upleward.pdf?utm ''Upleward, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Acko provisor in Plegewerde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Upleward'') (405), [[Rysingum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rysingum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/drwOstfrUrkunde1878/0658/image,info ''Heidelberg historic literature – digitized''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) vir Focko Hayana in Rysingum, (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Rysum'') (730), [[Wachwerdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wachwerdia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/HOO/HOO_Woquard.pdf?utm ''Woquard, Gemeinde Krummhörn, Landkreis Aurich''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Emmius schreibt (um 1600) „Wachwerdia“. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Woquard'') (191) atque [[Waltsation]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Waltsation&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bouwstoffen.kantl.be/tw/lemma/?id=17262 ''bouwstoffen.kantl.be/''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Woltzeten (facs.) [ Woltzeten : Au : Ns ] UUaltsation (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Woltzeten'') (200) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Vici eius communis partes [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] ducatus fuerunt, tum annis [[1744]] ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Cornus Curvati regio [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] tradita est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Cornus Curvati vici partes novi Circuli Auriaci erant. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinent. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti in communem Cornu Curvatum coniuncti sunt. Nomen &quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot; (Theodisce ''Krummhörn'') acceptum est propter formam agri communis.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Krummhörn|Cornu Curvatum}}
* [http://www.krummhoern.de/ www.krummhoern.de]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1972]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elma-Assa (commune generale)</title>
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      <id>3986417</id>
      <parentid>3985859</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:01:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="2529" sha1="cz04hmh3n1j9ojg3hk51402uukt38hu" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Elma'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir III 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt;'''-Assa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elm-Asse'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schppenstedt]] et [[Assa (commune generale)|Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; communia generalia ad novum Elmam-Assam commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Elmam-Assam pertinentes ==
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'') (3023)
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'') (540)
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'') (1770)
* [[Kneitlingen]] (823)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Uehrde]] (947)
* [[Vahlberg]] (781)
* [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elm-Asse}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2015]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986482</id>
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      <text bytes="3337" sha1="hx4n00g1099rklg44dig5r3n3taba27" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Elma'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir III 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt;'''-Assa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elm-Asse'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] [[Schöppenstedt (commune generale)|Schppenstedt]] et [[Assa (commune generale)|Assa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meibom 1688&quot;/&gt; communia generalia ad novum Elmam-Assam commune generale coniuncta sunt.

== Communia ad Elmam-Assam pertinentes ==
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'') (722)
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'') (3023)
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'') (540)
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'') (1770)
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'') (823)
* [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813)
* [[Roklum]] (460)
* [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis)
* [[Semmenstedt]] (649)
* [[Uehrde]] (947)
* [[Vahlberg]] (781)
* [[Winnigstedt]] (761)
* [[Wittmar]] (1208)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elm-Asse}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2015]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Romana Villa</title>
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[[Fasciculus: Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Romainville.JPG |left|thumb|250 px|[[Castellum]] ]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 93063.png|upright=0.8|thumb|Communis tabula]]
'''Romana Villa''' ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Romainville'') est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 31&amp;nbsp;554 incolarum&lt;ref&gt;Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-93063 censum anno 2020 factum]&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]].
== Toponymia ==
Romanus, Meldensis episcopus saeculi VIII, origo nominis pagi esse potuit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217125518/http://www.persogeneal.fr/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=15:communesdilesdefrance&amp;id=105:romainville&amp;Itemid=331 De historia Romanae Villae pagina personalis]&lt;/ref&gt; Alia nomina: ''Romana villa'' (saeculo XIII); ''Romenvilla'' (anno 1227).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217125518/https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/village-de-Romainville Situs interretialis praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii proprius]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii|Indicem communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Romainville|Romanam Villam}}
* {{INSEE commune|93063|de=Romainville}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=29514 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [http://www.ville-romainville.fr/ Huius communis situs interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Setanis</title>
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[[Fasciculus: Station_de_la_GC_de_Stains_Pierrefitte.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|Antiqua [[statio ferriviaria]] ''Grande Ceinture.'']]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 93072.png|upright=0.8|left|thumb| Communis tabula.]]
'''Setanis''', sive '''Setenis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230206205011/https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/village-de-Stains&lt;/ref&gt; (saeculo XIII), sive '''Sextaniis''' (anno 1420), sive '''Stannis''' (saeculo XV)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Stains'') est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 39&amp;thinsp;277 incolarum&lt;ref&gt;Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-93072 censum anno 2020 factum.]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]]. 

Origo nominis urbis verisimiliter cohaeret cum praesentia [[stagnum|stagnorum]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220904020601/https://www.stains.fr/vivre-stains/connaitre-stains/histoire-de-la-ville/ Situs interretialis Setani proprius.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii|Indicem communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Stains|Setanem}}
*{{INSEE commune|93072|de=Stains}}
*[http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36812 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170425002957/http://www.ville-stains.fr/site/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=248&amp;Itemid=374 Huius communis pagina interretialis]

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vallis Jocosa</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Vaujours_Ecole_fenelon.jpg |left|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Castellum]] (nunc [[schola]] Fénelon)]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 93074.png|upright=0.8|thumb| Communis tabula]]
'''Vallis Jocosa''' ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Vaujours'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7283 incolarum&lt;ref&gt;Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-93074 censum anno 2020 factum]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]].

== Alia nomina ==
Per saecula pagus diversis nominibus et orthographias scivit: ''Vallis Jocosa'' (anno 1202); ''Vallis Joth'' (saeculo XIII); ''Vallis Jost'' (saec. XIII); ''Vallis Gaii'' (saec.XIII); ''Valle Gaii'' (anno 1250) V''allis Gaudii'' (saec. XIII); ''Vallis Gaudis'' (anno 1286); ''Vallis Jovis''; ''Valjoue,'' ''Vaujoust'' (anno 1351): ''Valle Jocosa'' (anno 1352); ''Vaujour'' (anno 1598) ''et Vaujou'' (anno 1744).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217141552/https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/village-de-Vaujours Situs interretialis praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii proprius]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Cocheris&quot;&gt;Hippolyte Cocheris, ''[http://www.corpusetampois.com/cls-19-cocheris1874dictionnaire.html Anciens noms des communes de Seine-et-Oise]'', anno 1874&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii|Indicem communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Vaujours|Vallem Jocosam}}
* {{INSEE commune|93074|de=Vaujours}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=39047 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [http://www.ville-vaujours.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Villa Mummoli</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Mairie_de_Villemomble.JPG |left|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Curia municipalis]]]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 93077.png|upright=0.8|thumb| Communis tabula]]
'''Villa Mummoli''' ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Villemomble'') est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 30&amp;nbsp;763 incolarum&lt;ref&gt;Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-93077 censum anno 2020 factum]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]].

== Toponymia ==
Nomen originarium urbis est forma Latinizata nominis Merovingiani, quae congruit cum argumentis archaeologicis praesentiae Merovingianorum in villa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217171215/https://www.villemomble.fr/l-origine-de-la-ville/ Situs interretialis Villae Mummoli] proprius&lt;/ref&gt; Forma scriptum apparuit in documento anno 1237.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Olivarius Touzeau'' et ''Ioannes Sache'', [https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-93-vi.html Villa Mummoli] Die 7 Mensis Iulii anno 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alia nomina ===
''Villa Mummoli'' (anno 1237&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;): ''Villa Mumbla'' (saeculo XIII) ; ''Villa Mobuli'' (anno 1267; ''Villa Mobili'' (anno 1273); ''Villa Mombli'' (anno 1352).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230217171214/https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/village-de-Villemomble Situs interretialis praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii proprius]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus interni ==
* [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii|Indicem communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Villemomble|Villam Mummoliem}}
* {{INSEE commune|93077|de=Villemomble}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=40268 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [http://www.villemomble.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Villa Tineosa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Fasciculus: VILLETANEUSE_Forum_de_l%27Universit%C3%A9_PXIII.JPG|left|thumb|250 px|[[universitas|Universitatis]] [[forum]]]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 93079.png|250 px|left|thumb| Communis tabula]]

'''Villa Tineosa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230206162601/https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/village-de-Villetaneuse&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''Villa Teignosa''' (anno 1209)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Villetaneuse,'' est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 13'513 incolarum&lt;ref&gt;Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-93079 censum anno 2020 factum]: &lt;/ref&gt; [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]].

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Villetaneuse|Villam Tineosam}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=40584 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [http://www.mairie-villetaneuse.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Villapicta</title>
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[[Fasciculus: Villepinte_-_Hotel-de-Ville_01.jpg|thumb|left|250 px|[[Curia municipalis]]]]
'''Villapicta'''&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230206143131/https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/village-de-Villepinte&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Villepinte'') est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]], 38'283 incolarum&lt;ref&gt;Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-93078 censum anno 2020 factum] &lt;/ref&gt;, [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]].

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Villepinte (Seine-Saint-Denis)|Villapictam}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=40397 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [http://www.ville-villepinte.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Trimlidum (Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius)</title>
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[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 93073.png|250 px|thumb|Tremblay-en-France: communis tabula]]
'''Trimlidum''' ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Tremblay-en-France'') est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 36&amp;nbsp;653 incolarum&lt;ref&gt;Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-93073 censum anno 2020 factum]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]].

== Toponymia ==
Urbis nomen suum mutavit ex ''Tremblay-Les-Gonesse'' ad Tremblay-en-France die 9 mensis Augusti anno 1989.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.leparisien.fr/seine-saint-denis-93/saint-denis-93200/quand-la-ville-a-rompu-avec-les-gonesse-15-08-2009-607208.php ''Quand la ville a rompu avec &quot;lès-Gonesse&quot;'',] in ''Le Parisien'', die 15 mensis Augusti, anno 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alia nomina ===
Varia nomina per saecula habuit, ''Trimlidum'' (anno 862), ''Tremblacum,'' ''Trembleium''; ''Trembleyum''; ''Tremblay'' (anno 1175);  ''Trembleio'' (saeculo XIII); ''Le Tremblay'' (saeculo XIII); ''Trembley''  (anno 1218); ''Tremblay-Saint-Denis'' (anno 1328);  ''Trembleyo'' sive ''Trambleyo'' (anno 1352); ''Tremblay en France'' (saeculo XV); ''Le Tremblay'' (saeculo XIX); ''Tremblay-les-Sans-Culottes''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (anno 1793); ''Tremblay-lès-Gonesses'' (anno 1887).&lt;ref name=&quot;Cocheris&quot;&gt;Hippolyte Cocheris, ''[http://www.corpusetampois.com/cls-19-cocheris1874dictionnaire.html Anciens noms des communes de Seine-et-Oise]'', anno 1874&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230214210348/https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/village-de-tremblay Situs interrretialis Sequanae et Sanctii Dionysii proprius].&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus: Tremblay-en-France_-_Vieux-Pays_panoramique_01.jpg|center|thumb|450 px|Despectus in antiquam mediam urbem]]
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii|Indicem communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Tremblay-en-France|Trimlidum}}
* {{INSEE commune|93073|de=Tremblay-en-France}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=38102 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110301065619/http://www.tremblay-en-france.fr/ Huius communis situs interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tylus Saxo</title>
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      <text bytes="3030" sha1="jdgjs9ytvp7kxqodd1ki0fc0lmoyhyo" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:2011 500 jahre till eulenspiegel bildseite.jpg|thumb|Nummus Germanicus cum imagine ioculatoris, anni 2011]] '''Tylus Saxo'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=hznljgEACAAJ&amp;hl=de&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s nomenclatio apud Ioannem Nemium, 1558]&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce: ''Till Eulenspiegel'') secundum traditionem vixit inter annos 1290 et 1350 circiter. Scurra sive ioculator erat agrestis, qui - ut ferunt - natus est [[Kneitlinga]]e am Elm apud [[Brunsvicum]] et obiit in [[Mölln]], [[Ducatus Lauenburgicus|Ducatus Lauenburgici]]. Documenta historica de ista persona tamen non sunt, quamquam Hermannus Bote de morte Tyli rettulit in opere suo quod appellatur ''Weltchronik'' (scriptum ad finem saeculi XV).

Tylus multis in libris popularibus prototypus procacis sed sapientis scurrae factus est qui homines omnium classium socialium ludibrio habet eisque interdum etiam damnum affert.

Cognomen &quot;Ulenspegel&quot; etymologice constat e verbis &quot;ulen&quot; (verrere) et &quot;spegel&quot; (podex). 

== Fabulae ==
Episodus fama est, in qua Tylus adlatus pistoris factus ordinem magistri ad verbum interpretatur et farina subacta &quot;ululas et cercopithecos&quot; fingit. Nemini parcetur, neque ecclesiasticis neque nobili genere natis. Credulis rectoribus [[Erfordia|Erfordiensibus]] promisit docere asinum artem legendi! His omnibus indirecte testimonium perhibetur ironice de moribus socialibus.

== Traditiones ==
Res gestae primo annis 1510/11, postea anno 1515 et anno 1519 in libro [[Dialecti Theodiscae altae|lingua Theodisca alta]] scripto apparuerunt qui praetitulatur ''Ein kurtzweilig lesen von Dil Ulenspiegel geboren uß dem Land zuo Brunßwick. Wie er sein Leben vollbracht hatt. XCVI. Seiner geschichten'' ([[Argentoratum|Argentorati]] apud officinam Johann Grüninger). Historiae collectae originem habent a versione quapiam [[lingua Saxonica|idiomate Saxonico]] pacta, quae proh dolor perdita est. Historiunculae in permultas linguas conversae sunt.

== Retractationes aliae ==
Argumenta saepe etiam paululum commutata sunt, e.g. a Ioanne Pauli in libro ''Schimpf und Ernst'' (1522), a Ioanne Sachs (1533-1557) sive a Carolus De Coster (''Tyll Ulenspiegel und Lamm Goedzak. Legende von ihren heroischen, lustigen und ruhmreichen Abenteuern im Lande Flandern und andern Orts'', 1867). Poema symphoniacum titulatum ''Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche'' (1895) composuit [[Ricardus Strauss]]. 
Ecce duo alia emolumenta:
* Gerhart Hauptmann: ''Des großen Kampffliegers, Landfahrers, Gauklers und Magiers Till Eulenspiegel Abenteuer, Streiche, Gaukeleien, Gesichte und Träume'', 1928 
* Christa et Gerhart Wolf (textus pro pellicula: 1972; pro dramate: 1982)

== Vide etiam ==
*[[Nasreddin Hoca]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Externi nexus ==
{{Commonscat|Till Eulenspiegel|Tylum Saxonem}}
* {{DNB-Portal|118531360}}
* [http://www.braunschweig-touren.de/Seiten/Till_Eulenspiegel.htm Till Eulenspiegel, ein Schelm?]

{{Lifetime|saeculo 13|saeculo 14|Tylus Saxo}}
[[Categoria:Germani]]
[[categoria:Ioculatores]]
[[categoria:Philosophi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Terrae Emesensis</title>
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{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Hoeltingmuehle_Meppen.jpg|thumb|left|In oppido [[Meppea]] flumina [[Amisia]] et [[Hasa]] confluunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in EL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Terrae Emesensis.]]

'''Circulus Terrae Emesensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Emsland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Oamselound''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est ex antiquis circulis ''Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi'', ''Meppea'' atque partibus circuli Lingae. Caput circuli urbs [[Meppea]] est.

== Historia ==
Terra Emesensis a medioaevo ad annum [[1802]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|Principatum episcopalem Monasterii]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1806]] Terra Emesensis ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit, ab anno [[1810]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]]. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Terra Emesensis ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circuli Aschendorfensis, Humlingensis, Meppea et Linga conditi sunt. Anno [[1932]] circuli Aschendorfensis et Humlingensis coniuncti sunt. Tempore dictaturae [[NSDAP|Nazistarum]] in Terra Emesensi multa castra carceralia condita sunt. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]&lt;/ref&gt;. Pars Terrae Emesensis etiam a captivis liberatis Polonicis ad annum [[1948]] &quot;Area occupationis Polonica&quot; administrata est&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/1945-als-das-emsland-polnisch-war.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=155820 deutschlandradiokultur.de die 24 Iunii 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1977]] circulus Terrae Emesensis conditus est ex antiquis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt 60 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'') (9903 incolae)
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'') (11.260)
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren''), urbs (23.255)
* [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]], oppidum (52.503)
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne''), urbs (12.504)
* [[Meppea]] oppidum et caput circuli (34.549)
* [[Papenburg]], oppidum (35.981)
* [[Rhede (Amisia)|Rhede]] (4175)
* [[Salzbergen]] (7535)
* [[Twist]] (9499)

* [[Thorpum (commune generale)|Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') commune generale (16.140)
** [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466)
** [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419)
** [[Kluse]] (1587)
** [[Lehe]] (999)
** [[Neubörger]] (1544)
** [[Neulehe]] (762)
** [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen''), sedes administrationis (4983)
** [[Walchum]] (1457)
** [[Wippingen]] (923)

* [[Frera (commune generale)|Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'') commune generale (10.304)

** [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'') (879)
** [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'') (1597)
** [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren''), urbs et sedes administrationis (5000)
** Messingen (1058)
** Thuine (1770)

* [[Herzlaka (commune generale)|Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'') commune generale (10.050)

** [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '') (1097)
** [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke''), sedes administrationis (4248)
** [[Lähden]] (4705)

* [[Lathen (commune generale)|Lathen]] commune generale (11.237)

** [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'') (909)
** [[Lathen]], sedes administrationis (6159)
** [[Niederlangen]] (1208)
** [[Oberlangen]] (951)
** [[Renkenberge]] (715)
** [[Sustrum]] (1295)

* [[Lengerich (commune generale)|Lengerich]] commune generale (9093)

** [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'') (2359)
** [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'') (1209)
** [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'') (841)
** [[Langen]] (1451)
** [[Lengerich]], sedes administrationis (2658)
** [[Wettrup]] (575)

* [[Nordhummlinga (commune generale)|Nordhummlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordhümmling'') commune generale (12.005)

** [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')(987)
** [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'') (788)
** [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede''), sedes administrationis (5179)
** [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'') (806)
** [[Surwold]] (4245)

* [[Sögel (commune generale)|Sögel]] commune generale (15.997)
** [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'') (1127)
** [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'') (656)
** [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'') (2747)
** [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'') (519)
** [[Sögel]], sedes administrationis (7335)
** [[Spahnharrenstätte]] (1511)
** [[Stavern]] (1066)
** [[Werpeloh]] (1036)

* [[Spella (commune generale)|Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'') commune generale (13.018)

** [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'') (1877)
** [[Schapen]] (2327)
** [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle''), sedes administrationis (8814)

** [[Werlte]] commune generale (16.749)

** [[Lahn]] (897)
** [[Lorup]] (3184)
** [[Rastdorf]] (1015)
** [[Vrees]] (1695)
** [[Werlte]], sedes administrationis (9958), sed etiam oppidum in anno domini 2017 est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Emsland|circulum Terrae Emesensis}}
* [http://www.emsland.de Pagina officialis circuli]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
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{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Hoeltingmuehle_Meppen.jpg|thumb|left|In oppido [[Meppea]] flumina [[Amisia]] et [[Hasa]] confluunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in EL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Terrae Emesensis.]]

'''Circulus Terrae Emesensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Emsland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Oamselound''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est ex antiquis circulis ''Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi'', ''Meppea'' atque partibus circuli Lingae. Caput circuli urbs [[Meppea]] est.

== Historia ==
Terra Emesensis a medioaevo ad annum [[1802]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|Principatum episcopalem Monasterii]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1806]] Terra Emesensis ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit, ab anno [[1810]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]]. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Terra Emesensis ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circuli Aschendorfensis, Humlingensis, Meppea et Linga conditi sunt. Anno [[1932]] circuli Aschendorfensis et Humlingensis coniuncti sunt. Tempore dictaturae [[NSDAP|Nazistarum]] in Terra Emesensi multa castra carceralia condita sunt. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]&lt;/ref&gt;. Pars Terrae Emesensis etiam a captivis liberatis Polonicis ad annum [[1948]] &quot;Area occupationis Polonica&quot; administrata est&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/1945-als-das-emsland-polnisch-war.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=155820 deutschlandradiokultur.de die 24 Iunii 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1977]] circulus Terrae Emesensis conditus est ex antiquis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt 60 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'') (9903 incolae)
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'') (11.260)
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren''), urbs (23.255)
* [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]], oppidum (52.503)
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne''), urbs (12.504)
* [[Meppea]] oppidum et caput circuli (34.549)
* [[Papenburg]], oppidum (35.981)
* [[Rhede (Amisia)|Rhede]] (4175)
* [[Salzbergen]] (7535)
* [[Twist]] (9499)

* [[Thorpum (commune generale)|Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') commune generale (16.140)
** [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587)
** [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466)
** [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419)
** [[Lehe]] (999)
** [[Neubörger]] (1544)
** [[Neulehe]] (762)
** [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen''), sedes administrationis (4983)
** [[Walchum]] (1457)
** [[Wippingen]] (923)

* [[Frera (commune generale)|Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'') commune generale (10.304)

** [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'') (879)
** [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'') (1597)
** [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren''), urbs et sedes administrationis (5000)
** Messingen (1058)
** Thuine (1770)

* [[Herzlaka (commune generale)|Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'') commune generale (10.050)

** [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '') (1097)
** [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke''), sedes administrationis (4248)
** [[Lähden]] (4705)

* [[Lathen (commune generale)|Lathen]] commune generale (11.237)

** [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'') (909)
** [[Lathen]], sedes administrationis (6159)
** [[Niederlangen]] (1208)
** [[Oberlangen]] (951)
** [[Renkenberge]] (715)
** [[Sustrum]] (1295)

* [[Lengerich (commune generale)|Lengerich]] commune generale (9093)

** [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'') (2359)
** [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'') (1209)
** [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'') (841)
** [[Langen]] (1451)
** [[Lengerich]], sedes administrationis (2658)
** [[Wettrup]] (575)

* [[Nordhummlinga (commune generale)|Nordhummlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordhümmling'') commune generale (12.005)

** [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')(987)
** [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'') (788)
** [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede''), sedes administrationis (5179)
** [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'') (806)
** [[Surwold]] (4245)

* [[Sögel (commune generale)|Sögel]] commune generale (15.997)
** [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'') (1127)
** [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'') (656)
** [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'') (2747)
** [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'') (519)
** [[Sögel]], sedes administrationis (7335)
** [[Spahnharrenstätte]] (1511)
** [[Stavern]] (1066)
** [[Werpeloh]] (1036)

* [[Spella (commune generale)|Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'') commune generale (13.018)

** [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'') (1877)
** [[Schapen]] (2327)
** [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle''), sedes administrationis (8814)

** [[Werlte]] commune generale (16.749)

** [[Lahn]] (897)
** [[Lorup]] (3184)
** [[Rastdorf]] (1015)
** [[Vrees]] (1695)
** [[Werlte]], sedes administrationis (9958), sed etiam oppidum in anno domini 2017 est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Emsland|circulum Terrae Emesensis}}
* [http://www.emsland.de Pagina officialis circuli]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thorpum (commune generale)</title>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="3051" sha1="kiqolivw2agol015emr4wn2jtt6h4eo" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Church at 26892 Dörpen IMG 7803.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Viti communis Thorpi.]]
'''Thorpum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Circulo Terrae Emesensis]].

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Thorpum commune generale a communibus novem est. Quae sunt [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587), [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466 incolae), [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419), [[Lehe]] (999), [[Neubörger]] (1544), [[Neulehe]] (762), [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') -quod est sedes administrationis- (4983), [[Walchum]] (1457) atque [[Wippingen]] (923). Ab die [[1 Novembris]] [[2011]] Hermannus Wocken magister civium communis generalis est et Ioanni Hansen successit, qui sodalis eiusdem factionis erat&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.noz.de/lokales/doerpen/artikel/239961/wocken-startet-mit-beifall-und-brotchen noz.de die 1 Novembris 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Dörpen|Thorpum}}
* [http://www.doerpen.de Pagina communis generalis Thorpi (Theodisce)]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doerpen}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1973]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus terrae Diepholtia</title>
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      <text bytes="9536" sha1="dkxwkcxk2sz9ivwc2vsufnpjw9mm8f5" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DH.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Diepholtia.]]
'''Circulus terrae Diepholtia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Diepholz''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Deefholt''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est et circulis pristinis comitatibus Diepholtia&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; et Hoya.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Imperii Francici]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1977]] circulus conditus est (vide supra).

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen''), [[urbs]] (15.768 incolae)
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt''), urbs et caput circuli (16.692)
* [[Stuhr]] (33.083)
* [[Sulingen]], oppidum (12.681)
* [[Syke]], oppidum (24.018)
* [[Twistringen]], oppidum (12.219)
* [[Wagenfeld]] (7102)
* [[Weyhe]] (30.388)

* [[Altes Amt Lemförde (commune generale)|Altes Amt Lemförde]] (8211)
** [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'') (1021)
** [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'') (1131)
** Lembruch (1148)
** Lemförde (sedes administrationis, 3105)
** Marl (718)
** Quernheim (424)
** Stemshorn (664)

* [[Barnstorfium (commune generale)|Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'') (12.016)
** [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'') (sedes administrationis, 6292)
** [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'') (994)
** [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'') (1759)
** [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'') (2971)

* [[Brochusium-Vilsena (commune generale)|Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'') (16.971)
** [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch:'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'') (2919)
** [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 8837)
** Martfeld (2681)
** Schwarme (2534)

* [[Kirchdorfium (commune generale)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'') (7444)
** [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'') (632)
** [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'') (1242)
** [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'') (1134)
** [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2145)
** Varrel (1504)
** Wehrbleck (787)

* [[Rehden (commune generale)|Rehden]] (5887)
** [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'') (1049)
** [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'') (462)
** [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'') (563)
** Rehden (sedes administrationis, 2055)
** Wetschen (1758)

* [[Schwaförden (commune generale)|Schwaförden]] (6892)
** [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'') (832)
** [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'') (1510)
** Neuenkirchen (1163)
** Scholen (808)
** Schwaförde (sedes administrationis, 1523)
** Sudwalde (1056)

* [[Siedenburg (commune generale)|Siedenburg]] (4604)
** [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'') (1249)
** Maasen (469)
** Mellinghausen (1075)
** Siedenburg (sedes administrationis, 1278)

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Diepholz|Circulum Diepholtiam}}
* [http://www.diepholz.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diepholz circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986368</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Plus quam stipula</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9519" sha1="q6zqx4vckqh5yguca7jvruown366crm" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DH.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Diepholtia.]]
'''Circulus terrae Diepholtia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Diepholz''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Deefholt''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est et circulis pristinis comitatibus Diepholtia&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; et Hoya.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Imperii Francici]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1977]] circulus conditus est (vide supra).

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen''), [[urbs]] (15.768 incolae)
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt''), urbs et caput circuli (16.692)
* [[Stuhr]] (33.083)
* [[Sulingen]], oppidum (12.681)
* [[Syke]], oppidum (24.018)
* [[Twistringen]], oppidum (12.219)
* [[Wagenfeld]] (7102)
* [[Weyhe]] (30.388)

* [[Altes Amt Lemförde (commune generale)|Altes Amt Lemförde]] (8211)
** [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'') (1021)
** [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'') (1131)
** Lembruch (1148)
** Lemförde (sedes administrationis, 3105)
** Marl (718)
** Quernheim (424)
** Stemshorn (664)

* [[Barnstorfium (commune generale)|Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'') (12.016)
** [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'') (sedes administrationis, 6292)
** [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'') (994)
** [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'') (1759)
** [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'') (2971)

* [[Brochusium-Vilsena (commune generale)|Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'') (16.971)
** [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch:'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'') (2919)
** [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 8837)
** Martfeld (2681)
** Schwarme (2534)

* [[Kirchdorfium (commune generale)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'') (7444)
** [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'') (632)
** [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'') (1242)
** [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'') (1134)
** [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2145)
** Varrel (1504)
** Wehrbleck (787)

* [[Rehden (commune generale)|Rehden]] (5887)
** [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'') (1049)
** [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'') (462)
** [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'') (563)
** Rehden (sedes administrationis, 2055)
** Wetschen (1758)

* [[Schwaförden (commune generale)|Schwaförden]] (6892)
** [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'') (832)
** [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'') (1510)
** Neuenkirchen (1163)
** Scholen (808)
** Schwaförde (sedes administrationis, 1523)
** Sudwalde (1056)

* [[Siedenburg (commune generale)|Siedenburg]] (4604)
** [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'') (1249)
** Maasen (469)
** Mellinghausen (1075)
** Siedenburg (sedes administrationis, 1278)

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Diepholz|Circulum Diepholtiam}}
* [http://www.diepholz.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diepholz circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Oldenburgum</title>
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      <id>3986400</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:12:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="6786" sha1="dc6stmghn3op9b0uecjom1wkb90p8mn" xml:space="preserve">{{Videdis|Oldenburgum (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Oldenburgensi]]
'''Circulus Oldenburgum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Oldenburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Oldenburgum&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Oldenburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Oldenburgum]]&quot; vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Oldenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Ollnborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Ooldenbuurich''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1939]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli partim ad [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis|Ducatum Oldenburgensem]], partim Episcopatum Bremensem et ab anno [[1648]] ad [[Sueciam]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Tum Ducatus Oldenburgensis restitutus est. Circulus Oldenburgum anno [[1939]] conditus est. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accipit. Administratio circuli primo [[Oldenburgum|Oldenburgi]] fuit, ab anno autem [[1988]] [[Vildhusia]]e est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad commune generale [[Harpstadium (commune generale)|Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; coniuncta sunt:

* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'') (6.212 incolae)
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'') commune sui iuris (30.943)
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'') (13.986)
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'') (16.166)
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'') (15.208)
* [[Vildhusia]], caput circuli (19.390)
* [[Wardenburg]] (15.804)
* [[Harpstadium (commune generale)|Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'') commune generale (10.899)
** [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'') (789)
** [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'') (1187)
** [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'') oppidum (4682)
** [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'') (1176)
** [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'') (785)
** [[Prinzhöfte]] (691)
** [[Winkelsett]] (573)
** [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'') (1016)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Oldenburg|Circulum Oldenburgum}}
* [http://landkreis-oldenburg/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oldenburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1939]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Osnabrugae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>3986363</id>
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        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
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      <text bytes="13668" sha1="pukmi4ymmy5oe04fuaegh5wexu67x3r" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OS.svg|upright=1|Communia in circulo Osnabrugensi]]
'''Circulus Osnabrugae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Osnabrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Ossenbrügge''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Ossenbrääch''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1803]] ad [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Ducatum Luneburgensem]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1974]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'') (15.263 incolae)
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'') (12.637)
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'') (13.581)
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'') (14.370)
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche''), urbs (36.013)
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'') (7839)
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald''), urbs (9390)
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'') (6664)
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'') (13.475)
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'') (10.901)
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'') (10.243)
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (31.520)
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig''), urbs (10.548)
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'') (9268)
* [[Melle]], oppidum(46.039)
* [[Ostercappeln]] (9566)
* [[Wallenhorst]] (23.018)

* [[Artlandia (commune generale)|Artlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artland'') commune generale (22.839)
** [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'') (4572)
** [[Menslage]] (2462)
** [[Nortrup]] (2960)
** [[Quakenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.845)

* [[Bersenbrugum (commune generale)|Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'') commune generale (28.870)
** [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; (3910) ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')
** [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; (7314) ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')
** [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge''), urbs et sedes administrationis (8315)
** [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'') (1703)
** [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'') (2504)
** [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '') (1688)
** [[Rieste]] (3436)

* [[Furstenavia (commune generale)|Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'') commune generale (15.873)
** [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'') (3518)
** [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'') (2945)
** [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau''), urbs et sedes administraionis (9410)

* [[Neuenkirchen (commune generale)|Neuenkirchen]] commune generale (10.162)
** [[Merzen]] (3921)
** [[Neuenkirchen]], sedes administrationis * (4498)
** [[Voltlage]] (1743)


{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Osnabrück|Circulum Osnabrugensem}}
* [http://landkreis-osnabrueck/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabrugensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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      <text bytes="13674" sha1="1sgxkkagzvvoychv484xen7o3ehyz08" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OS.svg|upright=1|right|Communia in circulo Osnabrugensi]]
'''Circulus Osnabrugae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Osnabrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Ossenbrügge''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Ossenbrääch''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1803]] ad [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Ducatum Luneburgensem]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1974]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'') (15.263 incolae)
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'') (12.637)
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'') (13.581)
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'') (14.370)
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche''), urbs (36.013)
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'') (7839)
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald''), urbs (9390)
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'') (6664)
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'') (13.475)
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'') (10.901)
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'') (10.243)
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (31.520)
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig''), urbs (10.548)
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'') (9268)
* [[Melle]], oppidum(46.039)
* [[Ostercappeln]] (9566)
* [[Wallenhorst]] (23.018)

* [[Artlandia (commune generale)|Artlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artland'') commune generale (22.839)
** [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'') (4572)
** [[Menslage]] (2462)
** [[Nortrup]] (2960)
** [[Quakenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.845)

* [[Bersenbrugum (commune generale)|Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'') commune generale (28.870)
** [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; (3910) ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')
** [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; (7314) ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')
** [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge''), urbs et sedes administrationis (8315)
** [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'') (1703)
** [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'') (2504)
** [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '') (1688)
** [[Rieste]] (3436)

* [[Furstenavia (commune generale)|Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'') commune generale (15.873)
** [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'') (3518)
** [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'') (2945)
** [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau''), urbs et sedes administraionis (9410)

* [[Neuenkirchen (commune generale)|Neuenkirchen]] commune generale (10.162)
** [[Merzen]] (3921)
** [[Neuenkirchen]], sedes administrationis * (4498)
** [[Voltlage]] (1743)


{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Osnabrück|Circulum Osnabrugensem}}
* [http://landkreis-osnabrueck/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabrugensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>1sgxkkagzvvoychv484xen7o3ehyz08</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="15530" sha1="1jhbafzq3lyqqczwfijpwk31bcin13r" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in ROW.svg|thumb|Communia in circulo Rotenburg (Wümme)]]
'''Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Rotenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Rodenborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accipit, cum circulus antiquus Vordae Bremensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') ad Rotenburgum adiunctus esset.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:
{{div col|2}}

* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg'': [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'') (9238)
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]], caput circuli (21.392)
* [[Scheeßel]] (12.946)
* [[Visselhövede]], oppidum (10.199)
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') urbs (18.645)

* [[Botela (commune generale)|Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')commune generale (8231)
** [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel''), sedes administrationis (2428)
** [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'') (1320)
** [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'') (1178)
** [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'') (1405)
** [[Kirchwalsede]] (1161)
** [[Westerwalsede]] (739)

* [[Fons Geestensis (commune generale)|Fons Geestensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FG&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/fons?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-quelle'' Latino vocabulo &quot;fons fontis&quot; vertitur]; Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Geestensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]] (Theodisce ''Geeste'') refertur. Quo de hydronymo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Geestequelle''; [[Saxonice]] ''Geestborn'') commune generale (6449)
** [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'') (864)
** [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'') (1430)
** [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'') (1058)
** [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'') (1237)
** [[Oerel]], sedes administrationis (1860)

* [[Selsingen (commune generale)|Selsingen]] commune generale (9631)
** [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'') (880)
** [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'') (658)
** [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'') (634)
** [[Ostereistedt]] (914)
** [[Rhade]] (1126)
** [[Sandbostel]] (822)
** [[Seedorf]] (950)
** [[Selsingen]], sedes administrationis (3647)

* [[Sittensen (commune generale)|Sittensen]] commune generale (11.009)
** [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'') (551)
** [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (453)
** [[Klein Meckelsen]] (902)
** [[Lengenbostel]] (455)
** [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'') (466)
** [[Sittensen]], sedes administrationis (5765)
** [[Tiste]] (876)
** [[Vierden]] (768)
** [[Wohnste]] (773)

* [[Sottrum (commune generale)|Sottrum]] commune generale (14.444)
** [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'') (1888)
** [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; [Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'') (1070)
** [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'') (1120)
** [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'') (1041)
** [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'') (1293)
** [[Reeßum]] (1679)
** [[Sottrum]], sedes administrationis (6353)

* [[Tarmstedt (commune generale)|Tarmstedt]] commune generale (10.796)
** [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'') (1065)
** [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'') (753)
** [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'') (987)
** [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'') (974)
** [[Tarmstedt]], sedes administrationis (3819)
** [[Vorwerk]] (1029)
** [[Westertimke]] (431)
** [[Wilstedt]] (1738)

* [[Vintlum (commune generale)|Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') commune generale (7461)
** [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'') (792)
** [[Lauenbrück]], sedes administrationis (2266)
** [[Stemmen]] (844)
** [[Vahlde]] (674)
** [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') (2885)

* [[Zeven (commune generale)|Zeven]] commune generale (22.812)
** [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'') (2046)
** [[Gyhum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'') (2250)
** [[Heeslingen]] (4756)
** [[Zeven]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (13.760)
{{div col end}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)|Circulum Rotenburg (Wümme)}}
* [http://lk-row.de/ Pagina officialis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rotenburg (Wümme) circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986402</id>
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      <text bytes="15605" sha1="nxh4u6l8w594r8c7jz38c90k1qow65g" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in ROW.svg|thumb|Communia in circulo Rotenburg (Wümme)]]
'''Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Rotenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Rodenborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accipit, cum circulus antiquus Vordae Bremensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') ad Rotenburgum adiunctus esset.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:
{{div col|2}}

* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg'': [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'') (9238)
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]], caput circuli (21.392)
* [[Scheeßel]] (12.946)
* [[Visselhövede]], oppidum (10.199)
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') urbs (18.645)

* [[Botela (commune generale)|Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')commune generale (8231)
** [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel''), sedes administrationis (2428)
** [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'') (1320)
** [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'') (1178)
** [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'') (1405)
** [Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'') (1161)
** [[Westerwalsede]] (739)

* [[Fons Geestensis (commune generale)|Fons Geestensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FG&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/fons?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-quelle'' Latino vocabulo &quot;fons fontis&quot; vertitur]; Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Geestensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]] (Theodisce ''Geeste'') refertur. Quo de hydronymo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Geestequelle''; [[Saxonice]] ''Geestborn'') commune generale (6449)
** [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'') (864)
** [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'') (1430)
** [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'') (1058)
** [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'') (1237)
** [[Oerel]], sedes administrationis (1860)

* [[Selsingen (commune generale)|Selsingen]] commune generale (9631)
** [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'') (880)
** [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'') (658)
** [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'') (634)
** [[Ostereistedt]] (914)
** [[Rhade]] (1126)
** [[Sandbostel]] (822)
** [[Seedorf]] (950)
** [[Selsingen]], sedes administrationis (3647)

* [[Sittensen (commune generale)|Sittensen]] commune generale (11.009)
** [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'') (551)
** [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (453)
** [[Klein Meckelsen]] (902)
** [[Lengenbostel]] (455)
** [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'') (466)
** [[Sittensen]], sedes administrationis (5765)
** [[Tiste]] (876)
** [[Vierden]] (768)
** [[Wohnste]] (773)

* [[Sottrum (commune generale)|Sottrum]] commune generale (14.444)
** [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'') (1888)
** [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; [Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'') (1070)
** [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'') (1120)
** [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'') (1041)
** [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'') (1293)
** [[Reeßum]] (1679)
** [[Sottrum]], sedes administrationis (6353)

* [[Tarmstedt (commune generale)|Tarmstedt]] commune generale (10.796)
** [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'') (1065)
** [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'') (753)
** [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'') (987)
** [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'') (974)
** [[Tarmstedt]], sedes administrationis (3819)
** [[Vorwerk]] (1029)
** [[Westertimke]] (431)
** [[Wilstedt]] (1738)

* [[Vintlum (commune generale)|Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') commune generale (7461)
** [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'') (792)
** [[Lauenbrück]], sedes administrationis (2266)
** [[Stemmen]] (844)
** [[Vahlde]] (674)
** [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') (2885)

* [[Zeven (commune generale)|Zeven]] commune generale (22.812)
** [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'') (2046)
** [[Gyhum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'') (2250)
** [[Heeslingen]] (4756)
** [[Zeven]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (13.760)
{{div col end}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)|Circulum Rotenburg (Wümme)}}
* [http://lk-row.de/ Pagina officialis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rotenburg (Wümme) circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986403</id>
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      <text bytes="15606" sha1="6vfh94lag4lwmew9vsn3kgdzd31s25n" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in ROW.svg|thumb|Communia in circulo Rotenburg (Wümme)]]
'''Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Rotenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Rodenborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accipit, cum circulus antiquus Vordae Bremensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') ad Rotenburgum adiunctus esset.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:
{{div col|2}}

* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg'': [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'') (9238)
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]], caput circuli (21.392)
* [[Scheeßel]] (12.946)
* [[Visselhövede]], oppidum (10.199)
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') urbs (18.645)

* [[Botela (commune generale)|Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')commune generale (8231)
** [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel''), sedes administrationis (2428)
** [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'') (1320)
** [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'') (1178)
** [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'') (1405)
** [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'') (1161)
** [[Westerwalsede]] (739)

* [[Fons Geestensis (commune generale)|Fons Geestensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FG&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/fons?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-quelle'' Latino vocabulo &quot;fons fontis&quot; vertitur]; Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Geestensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]] (Theodisce ''Geeste'') refertur. Quo de hydronymo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Geestequelle''; [[Saxonice]] ''Geestborn'') commune generale (6449)
** [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'') (864)
** [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'') (1430)
** [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'') (1058)
** [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'') (1237)
** [[Oerel]], sedes administrationis (1860)

* [[Selsingen (commune generale)|Selsingen]] commune generale (9631)
** [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'') (880)
** [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'') (658)
** [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'') (634)
** [[Ostereistedt]] (914)
** [[Rhade]] (1126)
** [[Sandbostel]] (822)
** [[Seedorf]] (950)
** [[Selsingen]], sedes administrationis (3647)

* [[Sittensen (commune generale)|Sittensen]] commune generale (11.009)
** [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'') (551)
** [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (453)
** [[Klein Meckelsen]] (902)
** [[Lengenbostel]] (455)
** [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'') (466)
** [[Sittensen]], sedes administrationis (5765)
** [[Tiste]] (876)
** [[Vierden]] (768)
** [[Wohnste]] (773)

* [[Sottrum (commune generale)|Sottrum]] commune generale (14.444)
** [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'') (1888)
** [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; [Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'') (1070)
** [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'') (1120)
** [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'') (1041)
** [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'') (1293)
** [[Reeßum]] (1679)
** [[Sottrum]], sedes administrationis (6353)

* [[Tarmstedt (commune generale)|Tarmstedt]] commune generale (10.796)
** [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'') (1065)
** [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'') (753)
** [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'') (987)
** [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'') (974)
** [[Tarmstedt]], sedes administrationis (3819)
** [[Vorwerk]] (1029)
** [[Westertimke]] (431)
** [[Wilstedt]] (1738)

* [[Vintlum (commune generale)|Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') commune generale (7461)
** [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'') (792)
** [[Lauenbrück]], sedes administrationis (2266)
** [[Stemmen]] (844)
** [[Vahlde]] (674)
** [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') (2885)

* [[Zeven (commune generale)|Zeven]] commune generale (22.812)
** [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'') (2046)
** [[Gyhum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'') (2250)
** [[Heeslingen]] (4756)
** [[Zeven]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (13.760)
{{div col end}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)|Circulum Rotenburg (Wümme)}}
* [http://lk-row.de/ Pagina officialis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rotenburg (Wümme) circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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      <text bytes="15714" sha1="jyv59ychdxt1j7zl8hs61naclb81rci" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in ROW.svg|thumb|Communia in circulo Rotenburg (Wümme)]]
'''Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Rotenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Rodenborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accipit, cum circulus antiquus Vordae Bremensis&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') ad Rotenburgum adiunctus esset.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:
{{div col|2}}

* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg'': [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'') (9238)
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]], caput circuli (21.392)
* [[Scheeßel]] (12.946)
* [[Visselhövede]], oppidum (10.199)
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') urbs (18.645)

* [[Botela (commune generale)|Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')commune generale (8231)
** [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel''), sedes administrationis (2428)
** [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'') (1320)
** [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'') (1178)
** [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'') (1405)
** [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'') (1161)
** [[Westerwalsede]] (739)

* [[Fons Geestensis (commune generale)|Fons Geestensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FG&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/fons?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-quelle'' Latino vocabulo &quot;fons fontis&quot; vertitur]; Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Geestensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]] (Theodisce ''Geeste'') refertur. Quo de hydronymo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Geestequelle''; [[Saxonice]] ''Geestborn'') commune generale (6449)
** [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'') (864)
** [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'') (1430)
** [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'') (1058)
** [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'') (1237)
** [[Oerel]], sedes administrationis (1860)

* [[Selsingen (commune generale)|Selsingen]] commune generale (9631)
** [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'') (880)
** [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'') (658)
** [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'') (634)
** [[Ostereistedt]] (914)
** [[Rhade]] (1126)
** [[Sandbostel]] (822)
** [[Seedorf]] (950)
** [[Selsingen]], sedes administrationis (3647)

* [[Sittensen (commune generale)|Sittensen]] commune generale (11.009)
** [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'') (551)
** [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (453)
** [[Lengenbostel]] (455)
** [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'') (466)
** [[Meckelsa Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'') (902)
** [[Sittensen]], sedes administrationis (5765)
** [[Tiste]] (876)
** [[Vierden]] (768)
** [[Wohnste]] (773)

* [[Sottrum (commune generale)|Sottrum]] commune generale (14.444)
** [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'') (1888)
** [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; [Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'') (1070)
** [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'') (1120)
** [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'') (1041)
** [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'') (1293)
** [[Reeßum]] (1679)
** [[Sottrum]], sedes administrationis (6353)

* [[Tarmstedt (commune generale)|Tarmstedt]] commune generale (10.796)
** [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'') (1065)
** [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'') (753)
** [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'') (987)
** [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'') (974)
** [[Tarmstedt]], sedes administrationis (3819)
** [[Vorwerk]] (1029)
** [[Westertimke]] (431)
** [[Wilstedt]] (1738)

* [[Vintlum (commune generale)|Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') commune generale (7461)
** [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'') (792)
** [[Lauenbrück]], sedes administrationis (2266)
** [[Stemmen]] (844)
** [[Vahlde]] (674)
** [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') (2885)

* [[Zeven (commune generale)|Zeven]] commune generale (22.812)
** [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'') (2046)
** [[Gyhum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'') (2250)
** [[Heeslingen]] (4756)
** [[Zeven]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (13.760)
{{div col end}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)|Circulum Rotenburg (Wümme)}}
* [http://lk-row.de/ Pagina officialis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rotenburg (Wümme) circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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    <title>Circulus Stadae</title>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14502" sha1="bnrptjo9ckm94pn8cfp882ogxoqazjs" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Stadae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Stade''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Stood''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Anno [[1932]] fines circuli aucti sunt. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1972]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu''), urbs Hanseatica et commune sui iuris (40.173 incolae)
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'') (12.050)
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'') (11.292)
* [[Stadae]] caput circuli et urbs Hanseatica (46.378)

* [[Abensium (commune generale)|Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis, decimis et pagis ditionis Stadiensis (Caput de parochia Abensii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  commune generale (8958)
** [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens''), sedes administrationis (3945)
** [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'') (2660)
** [[Sauensiek]] (2353)

* [[Fredenbiki (commune generale)|Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'') commune generale (12.704)
** [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst)'') (1999)
** [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek''), sedes administrationis (6072)
** [[Kutenholz]] (4633)

* [[Harsefeld (commune generale)|Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'') commune generale (20.929)
** [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'') (5273)
** [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'') (1987)
** [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'') (795)
** [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.874)

* [[Horneburgum (commune generale)|Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'') commune generale (12.388)
** [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'') (1180)
** [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'') (1717)
** [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'') (2034)
** [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (6026)
** [[Nottensdorf]] (1431)

* [[Kadingia Septentrionalis (commune generale)|Kadingia Septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kadingia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1868hist%29.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad eundem Gerlagum pertinentium, seu ultra Albiam seu in Kadingia sitorum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Septentrionalis&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;] Theodiscum praefixum aut vocabulum  ''Nord(-)'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nordkehdingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Noordkeden'') commune generale (7375)
** [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'') (1017)
** [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'') oppidum (1872)
** [[Krummendeich]] (490)
** [[Oederquart]] (1040)
** [[Wischhafen]] (2956)

* [[Lühe (commune generale)|Lühe]] commune generale (9844)
** [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'') (3360)
** [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-diek'' aut ''-deich'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'') (1871)
** [[Guderhandviertel]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'') (1111)
** [[Mittelnkirchen]] (1076)
** [[Neuenkirchen]] (838)
** [[Steinkirchen]], sedes administrationis (1588)

* [[Oldendorf-Himmelpforten (commune generale)|Oldendorf-Himmelpforten]] commune generale (17.963)
** [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'') (1007)
** [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten''), sedes administrationis (5127)
** [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum &quot;Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt; (726)
** [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'') (990)
** [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'') (763)
** [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'') (1428)
** [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'') (3066)
** [[Heinbockel]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'') (1420)
** [[Oldendorf]] (2982)
** [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'') (454)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Stade|Circulum Stadae}}
* [http://www.landkreis-stade.de/ Pagina officialis]


{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stadae circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14503" sha1="blhthkafxkxip3nvti4jusr2x64krhz" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Stadae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Stade''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Stood''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Anno [[1932]] fines circuli aucti sunt. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1972]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu''), urbs Hanseatica et commune sui iuris (40.173 incolae)
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'') (12.050)
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'') (11.292)
* [[Stadae]] caput circuli et urbs Hanseatica (46.378)

* [[Abensium (commune generale)|Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis, decimis et pagis ditionis Stadiensis (Caput de parochia Abensii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  commune generale (8958)
** [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens''), sedes administrationis (3945)
** [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'') (2660)
** [[Sauensiek]] (2353)

* [[Fredenbiki (commune generale)|Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'') commune generale (12.704)
** [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst)'') (1999)
** [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek''), sedes administrationis (6072)
** [[Kutenholz]] (4633)

* [[Harsefeld (commune generale)|Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'') commune generale (20.929)
** [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'') (5273)
** [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'') (1987)
** [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'') (795)
** [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.874)

* [[Horneburgum (commune generale)|Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'') commune generale (12.388)
** [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'') (1180)
** [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'') (1717)
** [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'') (2034)
** [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (6026)
** [[Nottensdorf]] (1431)

* [[Kadingia Septentrionalis (commune generale)|Kadingia Septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kadingia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1868hist%29.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad eundem Gerlagum pertinentium, seu ultra Albiam seu in Kadingia sitorum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Septentrionalis&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;] Theodiscum praefixum aut vocabulum  ''Nord(-)'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nordkehdingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Noordkeden'') commune generale (7375)
** [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'') (1017)
** [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'') oppidum (1872)
** [[Krummendeich]] (490)
** [[Oederquart]] (1040)
** [[Wischhafen]] (2956)

* [[Lühe (commune generale)|Lühe]] commune generale (9844)
** [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'') (3360)
** [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-diek'' aut ''-deich'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'') (1871)
** [[Guderhandviertel]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'') (1111)
** [[Mittelnkirchen]] (1076)
** [[Neuenkirchen]] (838)
** [[Steinkirchen]], sedes administrationis (1588)

* [[Oldendorf-Himmelpforten (commune generale)|Oldendorf-Himmelpforten]] commune generale (17.963)
** [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'') (1007)
** [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten''), sedes administrationis (5127)
** [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt; (726)
** [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'') (990)
** [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'') (763)
** [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'') (1428)
** [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'') (3066)
** [[Heinbockel]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'') (1420)
** [[Oldendorf]] (2982)
** [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'') (454)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Stade|Circulum Stadae}}
* [http://www.landkreis-stade.de/ Pagina officialis]


{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stadae circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14514" sha1="tf8i4r8g1r926404avlecui65hszu8u" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Stadae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Stade''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Stood''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Anno [[1932]] fines circuli aucti sunt. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1972]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu''), urbs Hanseatica et commune sui iuris (40.173 incolae)
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'') (12.050)
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'') (11.292)
* [[Stadae]] caput circuli et urbs Hanseatica (46.378)

* [[Abensium (commune generale)|Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis, decimis et pagis ditionis Stadiensis (Caput de parochia Abensii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  commune generale (8958)
** [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens''), sedes administrationis (3945)
** [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'') (2660)
** [[Sauensiek]] (2353)

* [[Fredenbiki (commune generale)|Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'') commune generale (12.704)
** [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst)'') (1999)
** [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek''), sedes administrationis (6072)
** [[Kutenholz]] (4633)

* [[Harsefeld (commune generale)|Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'') commune generale (20.929)
** [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'') (5273)
** [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'') (1987)
** [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'') (795)
** [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.874)

* [[Horneburgum (commune generale)|Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'') commune generale (12.388)
** [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'') (1180)
** [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'') (1717)
** [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'') (2034)
** [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (6026)
** [[Nottensdorf]] (1431)

* [[Kadingia Septentrionalis (commune generale)|Kadingia Septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kadingia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1868hist%29.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad eundem Gerlagum pertinentium, seu ultra Albiam seu in Kadingia sitorum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Septentrionalis&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;] Theodiscum praefixum aut vocabulum  ''Nord(-)'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nordkehdingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Noordkeden'') commune generale (7375)
** [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'') (1017)
** [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'') oppidum (1872)
** [[Krummendeich]] (490)
** [[Oederquart]] (1040)
** [[Wischhafen]] (2956)

* [[Lühe (commune generale)|Lühe]] commune generale (9844)
** [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'') (3360)
** [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'') (1871)
** [[Guderhandviertel]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'') (1111)
** [[Mittelnkirchen]] (1076)
** [[Neuenkirchen]] (838)
** [[Steinkirchen]], sedes administrationis (1588)

* [[Oldendorf-Himmelpforten (commune generale)|Oldendorf-Himmelpforten]] commune generale (17.963)
** [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'') (1007)
** [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten''), sedes administrationis (5127)
** [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt; (726)
** [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'') (990)
** [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'') (763)
** [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'') (1428)
** [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'') (3066)
** [[Heinbockel]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'') (1420)
** [[Oldendorf]] (2982)
** [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'') (454)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Stade|Circulum Stadae}}
* [http://www.landkreis-stade.de/ Pagina officialis]


{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stadae circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14597" sha1="e0yqc29mgeiga4gkva9tidb62ajj55g" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Stadae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Stade''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Stood''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Anno [[1932]] fines circuli aucti sunt. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1972]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu''), urbs Hanseatica et commune sui iuris (40.173 incolae)
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'') (12.050)
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'') (11.292)
* [[Stadae]] caput circuli et urbs Hanseatica (46.378)

* [[Abensium (commune generale)|Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis, decimis et pagis ditionis Stadiensis (Caput de parochia Abensii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  commune generale (8958)
** [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens''), sedes administrationis (3945)
** [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'') (2660)
** [[Sauensiek]] (2353)

* [[Fredenbiki (commune generale)|Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'') commune generale (12.704)
** [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst)'') (1999)
** [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek''), sedes administrationis (6072)
** [[Kutenholz]] (4633)

* [[Harsefeld (commune generale)|Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'') commune generale (20.929)
** [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'') (5273)
** [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'') (1987)
** [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'') (795)
** [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.874)

* [[Horneburgum (commune generale)|Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'') commune generale (12.388)
** [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'') (1180)
** [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'') (1717)
** [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'') (2034)
** [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (6026)
** [[Nottensdorf]] (1431)

* [[Kadingia Septentrionalis (commune generale)|Kadingia Septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kadingia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1868hist%29.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad eundem Gerlagum pertinentium, seu ultra Albiam seu in Kadingia sitorum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Septentrionalis&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;] Theodiscum praefixum aut vocabulum  ''Nord(-)'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nordkehdingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Noordkeden'') commune generale (7375)
** [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'') (1017)
** [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'') oppidum (1872)
** [[Krummendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'') (490)
** [[Oederquart]] (1040)
** [[Wischhafen]] (2956)

* [[Lühe (commune generale)|Lühe]] commune generale (9844)
** [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'') (3360)
** [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'') (1871)
** [[Guderhandviertel]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'') (1111)
** [[Mittelnkirchen]] (1076)
** [[Neuenkirchen]] (838)
** [[Steinkirchen]], sedes administrationis (1588)

* [[Oldendorf-Himmelpforten (commune generale)|Oldendorf-Himmelpforten]] commune generale (17.963)
** [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'') (1007)
** [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten''), sedes administrationis (5127)
** [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt; (726)
** [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'') (990)
** [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'') (763)
** [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'') (1428)
** [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'') (3066)
** [[Heinbockel]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'') (1420)
** [[Oldendorf]] (2982)
** [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'') (454)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Stade|Circulum Stadae}}
* [http://www.landkreis-stade.de/ Pagina officialis]


{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stadae circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Fardensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="4150" sha1="7loe7rkcyji5bbu7ma68tqy6ip9jfll" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in VER.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communia in circulo Fardensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Fardensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Fardensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Verden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Fardensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Fardium]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Verden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Veern''), est pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager huius circuli post [[Bellum triginta annorum]] anno [[1648]] finitum pars [[Suecia]]e factus est. Tum anno [[1714]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] translatus est. Anno [[1801]] copiae [[Borussia]]e invaserunt. Annis [[1810]] - [[1814]] [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] eam regionem usurpavit. Anno [[1814]] [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] hanc regionem suscepit. Tum anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] regnum Hannoveranum subegit et circulus Fardensis pars huius civitatis factus est. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1972]] et [[2006]] circulus Fardensis fines hodiernas accepit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad commune generale coniuncti sunt:

* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (31.156 incolae)
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'') (8993)
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern''), urbs et caput circuli (26.997)
* [[Langwedel]] (14.414)
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt; (10.132)
* [[Ottersberg]] (12.443)
* [[Oyten]] (15.604)


* [[Thedinghausen (commune generale)|Thedinghausen]] commune generale (14.906)
** [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'') (2856)
** [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'') (1504)
** [[Riede]] (2742)
** [[Thedinghausen]], sedes administrationis (7804)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Verden|Circulum Fardensem}}
* [http://www.landkreis-verden.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vechta circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>7loe7rkcyji5bbu7ma68tqy6ip9jfll</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Suman Pokhrel</title>
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      <text bytes="2963" sha1="ei4xrgw3fcpffkwgtghbr9mz43haxux" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Suman Pokhrel''' ([[Nepalice]]: सुमन पोखरेल) (natus [[21 Septembris]] [[1967]]) est [[poeta]] lyricus, [[scriptor fabularum]], et [[interpretatio|translator]] [[Nepalia|Nepalensis]] [[multilinguismus|multilinguis]], qui inter amplissimos [[artifex|artifices]] [[Asia Meridiana|Asiae Meridianae]] numeratur. [[Universitas|Universitates]] in Nepalia et [[India]] eius [[poema]]ta in suis curriculis includerunt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.foundationsaarcwriters.com/add_peot_table_des.php?table_id=8&amp;poet_id=1&amp;des_id=140 |title=Suman Pokhrel |publisher=Foundation of SAARC Wirters and Literature|date= |accessdate=2017-08-04}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lifeandlegends1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lifeandlegends.com/suman-pokhrel-translated-dr-abhi-subedi|title=Suman Pokhrel Translated by Dr Abhi Subedi|first=Suman|last=Pokhrel|translator=Abhi Subedi|editor=Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|publisher=Life and Legends|accessdate=2017-08-05}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;prachyareview.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.prachyareview.com/poems-by-suman-pokhrel||first=Suman|last=Pokhrel|title=Two Poems by Suman Pokhrel|translator=[[Abhi Subedi]]|editor=Shafinur Shafin|publisher=Prachya Review |website=prachyareview.com |date=12 Septembris 2015 |accessdate=2017-08-08}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gt&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Tripathee | first1 = Geeta| author-link1 =Geeta Tripathee| title = सुमन पोखरेल - कृतित्वका विस्तारित आयाम| trans-title = Suman Pokhrel - Extended Dimensions of Creativity | journal = Aalekha|editor=Achyut Ghimire| volume = 6| issue = 6| pages = 25–38| location = Kathmandu| date = Februarius 2024| url = | issn =2645-8659| doi = | mr = | zbl = }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Suman Pokhrel bis praemium litterarum organizationis collaborationi regionali in [[Asia Meridiana]] fovendae accepit, annis [[2013]] et [[2015]]. Multa alia praemia litteraria nationalia et internationalia, inter quae Praemium Litterarum Internationalis Shaluk et Praemium Poetae Inspicientis Asiae, accepit.&lt;ref name=&quot;gt&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SAARC Literary_1&quot;&gt;[[:en:SAARC Literary Award|SAARC Literary Award]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Suman Pokhrel}}
* [https://www.pw.org/directory/writers/suman_pokhrel|lingua=en| Suman Pokhrel] apud pw.org
* [https://www.goodreads.com/author/7160731.Suman_Pokhrel|lingua=en| Suman Pokhrel] apud goodreads.com
* [https://www.poemhunter.com/suman-pokhrel|lingua=en| Poemata Suman Pokhrel]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud poemhunter.com
* [http://kavitakosh.org/kk/सुमन_पोखरेल|lingua=ne| Nepali poemata Suman Pokhrel]{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud kavitakosh.org

{{Lifetime|1967||Pokhrel, Suman}}
[[Categoria:Auctores Nepalenses]]
[[Categoria:Nepalia]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Nepaliae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Nepaliae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Turones (populus)</title>
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      <text bytes="1889" sha1="r19h4tf24pcugxmkv2fz5xhxfoyq6z9" xml:space="preserve">'''Turones''' fuerunt populus [[Gallia]]e antiquae stirpis [[Celtae|Celtarum]], [[lingua Gallica]] loquentes. A tempore [[bellum Gallicum|belli Gallici]] a [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] annis fere 58-[[51 a.C.n.]] gesti, Turones sicut populi vicini sub [[imperium Romanum|imperio Romano]] comprehensi sunt. Civitatem Turonum in provincia [[Aquitania]] constituerunt, urbe capitali [[Turonum|Caesaroduno]]. Saeculo fere IV p.C.n. [[dioecesis Turonensis]] ecclesiae Christianae constituta est, eisdem fere limitibus quibus civitas Gallica, Caesaroduno sede episcopali.&lt;ref&gt;Christèle Hervé, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125757/http://a2t.univ-tours.fr/notice.php?id=16 De la cité des Turons au diocèse de Tours]&quot; in ''Atlas archéologique de Touraine'' (2014)&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Alain Ferdiere, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190530142603/http://a2t.univ-tours.fr/pdf/RACF_suppl53_AAT-148.pdf Les noms de personnes chez les Turons dans les sources épigraphiques]&quot; (2009) in ''Atlas archéologique de Touraine''
* M. Dondin-Peyre, &quot;L'Onomastique dans les cités de Gaule centrale (Bituriges Cubes, Éduens, Sénons, Carnutes, Turons, Parisii)&quot; in M. Dondin-Peyre, M. T. Raepsaet-Charlier, edd., ''Noms, identités culturelles et romanisation sous le Haut-Empire'' (Bruxellis, 2001) pp. 193-341
* Jean-Marie Laruaz, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190530150604/http://a2t.univ-tours.fr/pdf/RACF_suppl53_AAT-195.pdf Les agglomérations à la fin de l'âge du Fer, 200 à 25 av. n.-è.]&quot; (2014) in ''Atlas archéologique de Touraine''
* Jacques Seigne, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201124010520/http://a2t.univ-tours.fr/pdf/RACF_suppl53_AAT-152.pdf Les Voies de communication dans l'Antiquité]&quot; (2009) in ''Atlas archéologique de Touraine''

{{Civitates trium Galliarum}}

[[Categoria:Civitates Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Turones|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Spelunca Denisova</title>
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      <text bytes="2006" sha1="cvab3qy1rn6imxw5uq7yq4u3ijk8g7i" xml:space="preserve">{{charta locatrix 
|Kazachstaniae orientalis physica
|label=Spelunca&lt;br /&gt;Denisova
|lat_deg =51 |lat_min =24
|lon_deg =84  | lon_min =41
|position=left
|mark=Black pog.svg
|background = 
|width=250
|float=right
|caption= Situs in regione Altaica prope Kazachstaniae limitem
}}
'''Spelunca Denisova''', [[Russice]] Денисова пещера, est caverna locusque archaeologicus vel palaeontologicus [[Altai|montium Altaicorum]] in [[Siberia]] (in meridie [[territorium Altaicum|territorii Altaici]] [[Russia]]e). Ibi reperta sunt ossa pauca progeniei generis ''[[Homo|Hominis]]'' quae inter ''[[Homo neanderthalensis|H. neanderthalensem]]'' et ''[[Homo sapiens|H. sapientem]]'' ponitur: propter repertum [[Homo Denisovensis]] appellatur.

== Bibliographia ==
[[Fasciculus:Известная на весь Мир Денисова пещера. 01.jpg|thumb|Spelunca Denisova]]
* Susanna Sawyer et al., &quot;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4697428/ Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals]&quot; in ''PNAS'' 112 no. 51 (16 Novembris 2015) pp. 15696–15700
* Alisa Zubova, T. A. Chikisheva, M. V. Shunkov, &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315970345_The_Morphology_of_Permanent_Molars_from_the_Paleolithic_Layers_of_Denisova_Cave_in_English The Morphology of Permanent Molars from the Paleolithic Layers of Denisova Cave]&quot; in ''Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia'' 45 (2017) pp. 121-134

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{coord|51|23|51|N|84|40|34|E|display=title}}
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20071219035244/http://www.altaitravel.ru/objects/denisova.htm Денисова пещера]&quot; apud ''AltaiTravel''
* &quot;[https://www.wondermondo.com/denisova-cave/ Denisova Cave]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&quot; apud ''WonderMondo''

[[Categoria:Cavernae]]
[[Categoria:Loci archaeologici Russiae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati palaeolithici]]
[[Categoria:Altai]]
[[Categoria:Territorium Altaicum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sivaismus</title>
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      <text bytes="20577" sha1="2m7cc8j84psur9lezss5lntoeyyq8bk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:A havan ceremony on the banks of Ganges, Muni ki Reti, Rishikesh.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Sivus]] (supra) est prima Shavaismi [[deitas]]. -  [[Ritus]] ad Muni ki Reti in Rishikesh habitus]]
[[Fasciculus:Virabhadra silver plaque.jpg|thumb|Lamina [[veneratio]]nis Virabhadra.&lt;!--image on Commons has explanatory notes--&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:DevelopmentofShaivism.jpg|thumb|Evolutio variarum Sivaismi scholarum ex prima veneratione [[Rudra]]e.]]
[[Fasciculus:Shiva Pashupati.jpg|thumb|[[Sigillum]] &quot;Pashupati&quot; ex [[Cultus humanus Vallis Indi|cultu humano Vallis Indi]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Four sets of Gold Coins of Vima Kadphises.jpg|thumb|upright=1.8|[[Nummus|Nummi]] [[Kushan]] [[saeculum 2|saeculi  secundi]]: unum latus [[deitas|deitatem]] cum [[taurus|tauro]] pingit. Aliquot eruditi putant hanc deitatem esse Sivum quia [[tridens|tridentem]] tenet, statum [[wikt:ithyphallic|ithyphallicum]] monstrat, et iuxta [[Nandi (taurus)|Nandi]] taurum stat, ut in Shaivismo.&lt;ref name=&quot;sino-platonic.org&quot;&gt;Loeschner, Hans (2012) [http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp227_kanishka_stupa_casket.pdf The Stūpa of the Kushan Emperor Kanishka the Great], ''Sino-Platonic Papers'', No. 227 (July 2012), p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bopearachchi, O. 2007&quot;&gt;Bopearachchi, O. (2007), &quot;Some observations on the chronology of the early Kushans,&quot; ''Res Orientales'' 17: 41–53.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Perkins, J. (2007), &quot;Three-headed Śiva on the Reverse of Vima Kadphises's Copper Coinage,&quot; ''South Asian Studies'' 23 (1): 31–37.&lt;/ref&gt; Alii autem dicunt eum esse [[Oesho]] [[Zoroastrismus|Zoroastrismum]], non Sivum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bopearachchi, O. 2007&quot;/&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:(1) An Indian woman offering puja to the morning sun.jpg|thumb|[[Icon]]es [[Sivus|Sivi]] et [[mulier]] Hindu quae in flumine Narmada orat (''puja'' faciens) in [[Maheshwar]] Madhya Pradesh.]]
[[Fasciculus:Mamallapuram, Shore Temple, Visitors, India.jpg |thumb|upright=1.1|[[Templum litorale]] [[saeculum|saeculi]] [[saeculum 7|septimi]] aut [[saeculum 8|octavi]] ad Mahabalipuram est [[patrimonium totius mundi]]. Nonnulla milia [[sculptura]]rum ad Sivaismum conectarum ostendit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/249/ Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram], UNESCO World Heritage Sites; Quote: &quot;It is known especially for its rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries), giant open-air reliefs such as the famous 'Descent of the Ganges', and the temple of Rivage, with thousands of sculptures to the glory of Shiva.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:Female Ascetics (Yoginis) LACMA M.2011.156.4 (1 of 2).jpg|thumb|Duae [[ascesis|asceticae]] Sivi. [[Pictura]] [[saeculum 18|saeculi duodevicensimi]].]]
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| footer = Tres [[cinis]] lineae ([[Tripundra]]), notá [[ruber|rubrá]] in fronte, est [[signum]] quod multo in omnibus Shaivismi traditionibus observatur, ''[[om]]'' significans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last= Deussen|first=Paul| title=Sixty Upanishads of the Veda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gC&amp;pg=PA789|year= 1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1467-7|pages=789–790}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Antonio Rigopoulos (2013), ''Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism,'' vol.5 (Brill Academic, ISBN 978-9004178960), 182-183.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Sivaismus'''&lt;ref&gt;Petrus A. Bohlen, ''De Buddhaismi origine et aetate definiendis tentamen'' (Regimontii Prussorum, 1827), p. 24, ''Sivaismum.''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Fridericus Ozanam|Antonius Fridericus Ozanam]], ''De frequenti apud veteres poetas heroum ad inferos descensu'' (Lutetiae, 1839), p. 39, ''Sivaismi.''&lt;/ref&gt; (''Śaivam''; [[lingua Tamulica|Tamulice]] சைவம்; [[Devanagari]] शैव संप्रदाय;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/education/story/history-of-shaivism-1-769753.html|title=History of Shaivism|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web 
|url=http://hindi.webdunia.com/hindu-religion/shaiv-sampraday-113072400020_1.html|title=facts on the Shaivism|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/media/books/dancing-with-siva/web/glossary_c.html|title=Dancing with Siva|publisher=Himalayan Academy|year=|isbn=|location=USA|at=section: Glossary—Śabda Kośaḥ N-S}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang-as|শৈৱ}}; {{lang-bn|শৈব}}; {{lang-te|శైవ సాంప్రదాయం}}; {{lang-kn|ಶೈವ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ}}; {{lang-ml|ശൈവമതം}};{{lang-or|ଶିବ ସମ୍ପ୍ରଦାୟଂ}}; {{lang-si|ශිවාගම/ශෛවවාදය}}) est una ex [[traditio]]nibus maximi momenti intra [[Hinduismus|Hinduismum]], quae [[Sivus|Sivum]] veneratur [[deus|ens supremum]].&lt;ref&gt;S. Parmeshwaranand 2004: 19–20, 272–275.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Raju1985p10&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=P. T. Raju|title=Structural Depths of Indian Thought |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ_iahRQomwC |year=1985|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-139-4|pages=10–14, 509–516}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cum [[Vaishnavismus|Vaishnavismo]], [[Saktismus|Saktismo]], et [[Smartismus|Smartismo]].&lt;/ref&gt; Sectatores Shaivites et Saivites appellantur. Sivaismus est una ex maximis sectis quae [[fides|credunt]] Sivum, [[mundus|mundorum]] creatorem deletoremque rite cultum, esse deum supremum, supra omnes.&lt;ref&gt;Flood 2003: 200–201.&lt;/ref&gt; Cultoribus sunt multae traditiones, inter quas [[cosmologia dualistica|theismus dualisticus]] (sicut [[Siva Siddhanta]]) et non-theismus [[monismus|monisticus]] ad [[ioga]]m inclinans, sicut [[Shaivismus Kashmiriensis]].&lt;ref&gt;Flood 1996: 162–167.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ganeshtagare&quot;&gt;Ganesh Tagare (2002), ''The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy'' (Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1892-7), 16–19.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Flood 2003: 202–204.&lt;/ref&gt; Ambo [[Vedi]] et [[Āgama (Hinduismus)|Agamae]] fontes [[theologia]]e magnam auctoritatem apud cultores habent.&lt;ref name=dhavamony&gt;Mariasusai Dhavamony (1999), ''Hindu Spirituality'' (Gregorian University and Biblical Press, ISBN 978-88-7652-818-7), 31–34 et notae.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mark Dyczkowski 1989 pages 43&quot;&gt;Mark Dyczkowski (1989), ''The Canon of the Śaivāgama'' (Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-0595-8), 43–44.&lt;/ref&gt; Origo Shaivismi a [[Rudra|Rudrá]] conceptó in [[Rigveda]] repeti potest.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Textbooks from India, Volume 1|publisher=National Council of Educational Research and Training|year=2002|page=199|quote=The origin of Saivism may be traced to the conception of Rudra in the RigVeda}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Etymologia et nomina==
[[Vocabulum]] ''Shiva'' (''śiva,'' [[lingua Tamulica|Tamulice]] சிவன், [[Sanscrite]] शिव) ad verbum [[significatio (linguistica)|significat]] 'benignum, amicum, propitium, felicem' ([[Anglice]] &quot;kind, friendly, gracious, auspicious&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965), ''The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary,'' ed. quarta, retractata (Dellii: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0567-4), p. 919.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Macdonell, p. 314&quot;&gt;Macdonell, p. 314.&lt;/ref&gt; unde [[nomen proprium]], quod 'felicem, prosperum, secundum, faustum' ([[Anglice]] &quot;The Auspicious One&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Macdonell, p. 314&quot;/&gt;) significat.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Hinduismus]]
*[[Om]]
*[[Saktismus]]
*[[Sophia (sapientia)]]
*[[Sufismus]]
*[[Upanishad]]

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
* {{cite book |last=Apte |first=Vaman Shivram |authorlink= |title=The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/practicalsanskri0000apte |year=1965 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-208-0567-5 }} (ed quarta).
* {{cite book |last=Basham |first=A. L. |authorlink= |editor=Zysk, Kenneth |title=The Origins and Development of Classical Hinduism |url=https://archive.org/details/originsdevelopme0000bash |year=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Novi Eboraci |isbn=978-0-19-507349-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Bhandarkar |first=Ramakrishna Gopal |authorlink= |title=Vaisnavism, Śaivism, and Minor Religious Systems |year=1913 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-206-0122-2 }} Third AES reprint edition, 1995.
* {{cite book |editor-last=Bhattacharyya |editor-first=Haridas|authorlink= |title=The Cultural Heritage of India |url=https://archive.org/details/culturalheritage04bhat |year=1956 |publisher=The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture |location=Calcuttae |isbn= }} Four volumes.
* {{cite journal | last=Briggs | first=Lawrence Palmer | title=The Syncretism of Religions in Southeast Asia, Especially in the Khmer Empire | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_october-december-1951_71_4/page/230 | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume=71 | issue=4 | pages=230–249 | year=1951 | doi=10.2307/596106 | ref=harv | jstor=596106 }}
* {{Citation|last = Chakravarti|first = Mahadev|year = 1994|title = The Concept of Rudra-Śiva Through The Ages |place = Dellii|publisher = Motilal Banarsidass|edition = Second Revised|isbn = 978-81-208-0053-3}} 
* {{cite book |last=Courtright |first=Paul B. |authorlink= |title={{IAST|Gaṇeśa}}: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings |year=1985 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Novi Eboraci|isbn=978-0-19-505742-3 }}
* {{cite book| author=Alain Daniélou|title=The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x9RrAwAAQBAJ |year=1991|publisher=Inner Traditions |isbn=978-1-59477-733-2}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author= Alain Daniélou|title=While the Gods Play: Shaiva Oracles and Predictions on the Cycles of History and the Destiny of Mankind|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=qNZrAwAAQBAJ |year= 1987|publisher= Inner Traditions |isbn= 978-1-59477-736-3}}
* {{cite book|last= Dasgupta| first= Surendranath| title= A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. 5: The Southern Schools of Śaivism|location=Cantabrigiae|publisher= Cambridge University Press|year= 1955|url=https://archive.org/stream/AHistoryOfIndianPhilosophyBySurendranathDasgupta-5Volumes/A.History.of.Indian.Philosophy.by.Surendranath.Dasgupta#page/n2311/mode/2up |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=Mariasusai Dhavamony|title=Love of God according to Śaiva Siddhānta: a study in the mysticism and theology of Śaivism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tD8qAAAAYAAJ|year=1971|location=Oxoniae|publisher=Clarendon Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin |authorlink= |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo |url-access=registration |year=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cantabrigiae |isbn= 978-0-521-43878-0|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Flood |editor-first=Gavin|authorlink=Gavin Flood |chapter=The Śaiva Traditions|title=The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781405132510 |year=2003 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Malden Massachusettae|isbn=978-1405132510|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book | last=Gray | first=David B. | title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion |chapter=Tantra and the Tantric Traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism | location=Oxoniae | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2016 | doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.59 | ref=harv | isbn=9780199340378 }}
* {{cite book |series=SUNY Series in Religious Studies |last=Grimes |first=John A. |authorlink= |title=Ganapati: Song of the Self |url=https://archive.org/details/ganapatisongofse0000grim |year=1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albaniae Novi Eboraci |isbn=978-0-7914-2440-7 }}
* {{cite book |last=Harper |first=Katherine Anne|authorlink= |author2=Brown, Robert L. |title=The Roots of Tantra|url=https://archive.org/details/rootsoftantra0000unse |year=2002 |publisher=State University of New York Press|location=Albaniae Novi Eboraci |isbn=978-0-7914-5306-3 }}
* {{cite book|author=Ariel Glucklich|title=The Strides of Vishnu : Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtLScrjrWiAC| year=2008| location= Oxoniae| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-971825-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last = Gonda| first= Jan| title= Medieval Religious Literature in Sanskrit. A History of Indian Literature 2.1|publisher= Harrassowitz Verlag|year= 1977|chapter= Ch. 10-13|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last=Keay |first=John|authorlink= |title=India: A History | url=https://archive.org/details/indiahistoryfrom0000unse |year=2000 |publisher=Grove Press |location=Novi Eboraci |isbn=978-0-8021-3797-5 }}
* {{cite book| ref=harv|author1=Ann R. Kinney|author2=Marijke J. Klokke|author3=Lydia Kieven|title=Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sfa2FiIERLYC |year=2003|location = Honolulu| publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2779-3}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Presence of Siva|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5BanndcIgUC|year=1993|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-01930-7}}
* {{cite book|last = Lorenzen| first= David N.| chapter=Śaivism: An Overview|title= The Encyclopedia of Religion|volume=13| editor= Mircea Eliade|publisher= Collier Macmillan|year= 1987|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author1=Constance Jones|author2=James D. Ryan|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC|year=2006|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|first=Julius |last=Lipner | title=Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qv3fCgAAQBAJ |year=2012| publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-24061-5}}
* {{cite book|first=James|last= Mallinson |authorlink= |chapter=Nāth Sampradāya|title=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism|volume=3| editor1= Knut A. Jacobsen|editor2=Helene Basu|editor3=Angelika Malinar|editor4=Vasudha Narayanan|publisher=Brill Academic|year=2012}}
* {{cite book |last=Mate |first=M. S. |authorlink= |title=Temples and Legends of Maharashtra |year=1988 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |location=Mumbai |isbn= }}
* {{cite book |last=Michaels |first=Axel|authorlink= |title=Hinduism: Past and Present |url=https://archive.org/details/hinduismpastpres0000mich |year=2004 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=978-0-691-08953-9 }}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=R. Blake Michael|title=The Origins of Vīraśaiva Sects: A Typological Analysis of Ritual and Associational Patterns in the Śūnyasaṃpādane |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wclA8r5f_LcC|year= 1992|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0776-1}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=Paul E. Muller-Ortega|title=Triadic Heart of Siva, The: Kaula Tantricism of Abhinavagupta in the Non-dual Shaivism of Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2maVlGOSdlMC |year=2010|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-1-4384-1385-3}}
* {{cite book|first=Antonio |last= Rigopoulos| title=Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara: A Study of the Transformative and Inclusive Character of a Multi-faceted Hindu Deity|url=https://archive.org/details/dattatreyaimmort0000rigo | year=1998| publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-3696-7|ref= harv}}
* {{Cite journal | last =Nath | first =Vijay | date =March–April 2001 | title =From 'Brahmanism' to 'Hinduism': Negotiating the Myth of the Great Tradition | journal =Social Scientist | volume =29 | issue =3/4 | pages =19–50 | doi=10.2307/3518337 |jstor=3518337 }}
* {{cite book |series= |last=Oberlies |first=T. |authorlink= |title=Die Religion des Rgveda |year=1998 |publisher= |location=Vienna |isbn= }}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=S Parmeshwaranand|title=Encyclopaedia of the Śaivism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQvbJDacNDMC |year=2004|publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-427-4}}
* {{cite book|last= Pathak| first= V. S.|title= History of Śaiva Cults in Northern India from Inscriptions, 700 A.D. to 1200 A.D.| publisher= Motilal Banarsidass|year= 1960|ref= harv}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=Indira Viswanathan Peterson|title=Poems to Siva: The Hymns of the Tamil Saints|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQwABAAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-6006-7}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=A. K. Ramanujan|title=Speaking of Śiva|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4tIpcyRKZUC|year=1973| publisher=Penguin |isbn= 978-0-14-044270-0}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author1=Velcheru Narayana Rao|author2=Gene H. Roghair|title=Siva's Warriors: The Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hwABAAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-6090-6}}
* {{Cite book|first=Ludo |last=Rocher| year= 1986| authorlink= | title= The Puranas| publisher= Otto Harrassowitz Verlag| isbn= 978-3447025225|ref=harv}}
* {{Citation|last=Samuel|first=Geoffrey|title=The Origins of Yoga and Tantra|url=https://books.google.com/?id=JAvrTGrbpf4C|year=2008|location=Cantabrigiae|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-69534-3}}
* {{cite book|last= Sanderson|first= Alexis|chapter = The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period| title= Genesis and Development of Tantrism| editor= Shingo Einoo| location= Tocii |publisher= Tokyo Institute of Oriental Culture| year= 2009| chapter-url= http://www.alexissanderson.com/uploads/6/2/7/6/6276908/sanderson_2009_the_saiva_age.pdf| ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last= Sanderson|first= Alexis|chapter = Saivism and the Tantric Traditions| title= The World's Religions| editor= S Sutherland |display-editors=etal |publisher= Routledge | year= 1988| ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last= Sanderson|first= Alexis|chapter = Meaning of a Tantric Ritual| title= Essais sur le Rituel| editor1= A. M. Blondeau|editor2= K. Schipper |publisher= Louvain: Peeters | year= 1995 | ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal| title=The Śaiva Religion among the Khmers Part I|author = Alexis Sanderson| journal = Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient| volume= 90/91|pages = 349–462| year=2004| jstor= 43732654| ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=Alexis Sanderson|editor=Dominic Goodall &amp; Andre Padoux|title=Mélanges tantriques à la mémoire d'Hélène Brunner: Tantric Studies in Memory of Hélène Brunner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHnhXwAACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Institut Français de Pondichéry|isbn=978-2855396668}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=Hilko Wiardo Schomerus|title=Śaiva Siddhānta: An Indian School of Mystical Thought : Presented as a System and Documented from the Original Tamil Sources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uUL8r9cOMXcC |year=2000|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1569-8}}
* {{cite book |series= |last=Sharma |first=Ram Karan |authorlink= |title=Elements of Poetry in the Mahābhārata|url=https://archive.org/details/liang.elementsofpoetry0000sarm|year=1988 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-208-0544-6 }} (ed. secunda).
* {{Citation|last = Tattwananda|first = Swami|year = 1984|title = Vaisnava Sects, Saiva Sects, Mother Worship |place = Calcutta|publisher = Firma KLM Private Ltd.|edition = First Revised|isbn =}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author1=Vasugupta|author2=Mark Dyczkowski (Translator)|title=The Aphorisms of Siva: The Siva Sutra with Bhaskara's Commentary, the Varttika|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6-n4ulAsdIC|year=1992|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-1264-0}}
* {{cite book |series= |last=Winternitz |first=Maurice |authorlink= |title=History of Indian Literature |year=1972 |publisher=Oriental Books Reprint Corporation |location=Dellii |isbn= }} (ed. secunda).&lt;!-- Two volumes. First published 1927 by the University of Calcutta.--&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Shaivism|Sivaismum}}
~*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shaivism ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', &quot;Shaivism&quot;]
*[http://www.saivism.net/ Saivism.Net]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20171207081214/http://www.alexissanderson.com/publications.html Alexis sanderson, ''Publications''], scholarly studies in Shaivism

[[Categoria:Denominationes Hinduicae]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia Indica]]&lt;!--Theistic Indian ph.--&gt;
[[Categoria:Religiones monotheisticae]]
[[Categoria:Siva]]
&lt;!--
[[Category:Hindu denominations]]--&gt;

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      <text bytes="1347" sha1="gn5yinsdh456fp1x3eyu5ce6fc0fslr" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Terentius Jones'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Terentius Ionnicus&quot;: sic ipse Latine in involucro libri ''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian|The Life of Brian Screenplay]]'' nuncupatus est&lt;/ref&gt; fuit comoedus [[Cambria|Cambricus]], particeps gregis [[Pytho Montium|Pythonis Montium]], [[dispositor cinematographicus]]. Natus iuxta [[Colwyn Bay]] die [[1 Februarii]] [[1942]], alumnus [[universitas Oxoniensis|universitas Oxoniensis]] ubi litteris Anglicis studuit [[Michael Palin|Michaelemque Palin]] primum cognovit, mortuus est [[Londinium|Londinii]] die [[21 Ianuarii]] [[2020]].

== Opera selecta ==
* 1969-1974 (scriptor, histrio) : series televisifica ''Monty Python's Flying Circus''
* 1975 (dispositor cum [[Terentius Gilliam|Terentio Gilliam]]) : ''[[Monty Python and the Holy Grail]]''
* 1979 (dispositor) : ''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian]]''
* 1983 (dispositor) : ''[[Monty Python's The Meaning of Life]]''

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Andrew Pulver, &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jan/22/terry-jones-monty-python-founder-and-life-of-brian-director-dies-aged-77 Terry Jones, Life of Brian director and Monty Python founder, dies aged 77]&quot; in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (22 Ianuarii 2020)

{{Lifetime|1942|2020|Jones, Terentius}}
[[Categoria:Incolae Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Comici]]
[[Categoria:Pytho Montium]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Udalricus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="1561" sha1="ieznxqow0g59simyqghuyjh9vz4inud" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Germanica
	| significatio = “prosperitas atque potestas”
	| imago = Ulrich Zwingli 03.jpg
	| capitulum = [[Huldericus Zvinglius]], theologus Helveticus
}}

{{res|Udalricus}}, vel {{res|Huldericus}}, est praenomen masculinum. E [[Vocabulum|vocabulis]] Germanicis ''uodil'' 'hereditas' atque ''rih'' 'dominus' vel 'dominium' originem ducit.&lt;ref&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/ulrich Ulrich]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma muliebris praenominis est '''[[Ulrica (nomen)|Ulrica]]'''.

== In linguis frequentibus formae ==

* ''[[Anglice]]'': Ulric
* ''[[Batave]]'': Oldrik
* ''[[Bohemice]]'': Oldřich
* ''[[Danice]]'': Ulrik
* ''[[Hispanice]]'': Udalrico, Ulrico
* ''[[Hungarice]]'': Ulrik
* ''[[Italiane]]'': Ulrico
* ''[[Lusitanice]]'': Ulrico
* ''[[Polonice]]'': Ulryk
* ''[[Russice]]'': Ульрих (''Ul'rich'')
* ''[[Suecice]]'': Ulrik
* ''[[Theodisce]]'': Ulrich

== Homines ==
*{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Udalricus Augustanus||de|qid=Q714866}}
* [[Huldericus Becher]]
* [[Udalricus Brandenburg]]
* [[Huldericus Campell]]
* [[Huldericus de Hutten]]
* [[Udalricus Krauße]]
* [[Udalricus Lins]]
* [[Udalricus Matthias]]
* [[Udalricus Mendes]]
* [[Huldericus Mühe]]
* [[Huldericus Neymeyr]]
* [[Huldericus Reimers]]
* [[Huldericus Tukur]]
* [[Udalricus Wilcken]]
* [[Huldericus Wille]]
* [[Huldrichus Zasius]]
* [[Huldericus Zvinglius]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Praenomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Relatione di alcune cose della Nuova Spagna e della gran città di Temestitan Messico</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="4203" sha1="olpf1t1n0d9if2kgfyp7r6krizvamuf" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Relationis anonymi incipit Ramusio v 3 1556 f 304v.jpg|thumb|Prima pagina ''Relationis'' in editione prima ([[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Ramusius]], ed., 1556, f. 304v)]]
'''''Relatione di alcune cose della Nuova Spagna e della gran città di Temestitan Messico''''' est descriptio vitae et indolis [[Azteci|Aztecorum]] ab [[Hispania|Hispanis]] annis [[1519]]-[[1521]] duce [[Ferdinandus Cortesius|Ferdinando Cortesio]] debellatorum. Auctor anonymus, qui (ut praetendit ipse) inter sectatores Cortesii in [[Mexicum]] urbemque [[Temistitlana]]m profectus sit, &quot;''Compañero de Hernán Cortés''&quot; seu &quot;''Conquistador anónimo''&quot; (sc. conquisitator anonymus) appellari solet. Descriptio primum [[Italiane]] anno [[1556]] in collectu relationum geographicarum ab [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Ioanne Baptista Ramusio]] editore divulgata est. An narrator ipse Hispanice aliave lingua scripserit incertum est.

Hoc textu usus, mores, vita quotidiana Aztecorum describuntur sub rubricis quae sequuntur: 1. terra Novae Hispaniae, 2. animalia, 3. milites, 4. arma, 5. vestitus marium, 6. vestitus feminarum, 7. textile, 8. alimenta, 9. potus, 10. [[socolata|cacao]], 11. temeta, 12. rectio, 13. religio, 14. &quot;turres&quot; vel pyramides, 15. sacrificia, 16. urbes, 17. [[lacus Mexici]], 18. urbs Temistitlana, 19. viae urbanae, 20. plateae et fora mercatoria, 21. templa et &quot;meschitae&quot; eiusdem urbus, 22. habitationes, 23. matrimonia, 24. sepulturae. Hic auctor inter primos Europaeos de usu socolatae atque de fructu condimentario Mexicano ''[[Capsicum annuum|Capsico annuo]]'' scripsit. [[Nundinae|Nundinas]] urbis Temistitlanae admiravit.

== Editiones et versiones ==
[[Fasciculus:Forma urbis Mexici Ramusio 1556.jpg|thumb|Forma urbis Mexici ([[Temistitlana]]e) in editione prima ''Relationis'' ([[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Ramusius]], ed., 1556, f. 308v)]]
* 1556 : &quot;Relatione di alcune cose della Nuo[v]a Spagna e della gran città di Temestitan Messico, fatta per un gentil'homo del signor Fernando Cortese &quot; in [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''[[Navigationi et viaggi (Ramusius)|Navigationi et viaggi]]'' (Venetiis, 1550-1559) vol. 3 [https://archive.org/details/terzovolumedelle32ramu/page/n691/mode/2up ff. 304v-310r]; [https://archive.org/stream/dellenavigationi00ramu#page/n595/mode/2up ff. 254r-259r editionis 1606] {{Ling|Italiane}}
* 1838 : Henri Ternaux Compans, interpr., &quot;Relation abrégée sur la Nouvelle-Espagne et sur la grande ville de Temixtitan Mexico, écrite par un gentilhomme de la suite de Fernand Cortès&quot; in ''Recueil de pieces relatives a la conquête du Mexique'' (''Voyages, relations et mémoires originaux pour servir á I'histoire de la découverte de l'Amérique'' vol. 1. Lutetiae: Bertrand, 1838) {{Google Books|AZ2IpiA5HCIC|pp. 49-105}} {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* 1858 : Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta, ed. et interpr., &quot;El conquistador anónimo: Relación de algunas cosas de la Nueva España, y de la gran ciudad de Temestitán México, escrita por un compañero de Hernán Cortés&quot; in eiusdem ''Colección de documentos para la historia de Mexico'' vol. 1 (Mexicopoli, 1858) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WJk6nlChEKYC/page/n521/mode/2up pp. 368-398] {{Ling|Italiane|Hispanice}}
* 1917 : Marshall H. Saville, ''Narrative of Some Things of New Spain and of the Great City of Temestitan, México, written by a companion of Hernan Cortes, the Anonymous Conqueror''. Novi Eboraci: Cortes Society, 1917 {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofsomet00savi Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [http://www.famsi.org/research/christensen/anon_con/index.html Editio interretialis]
* 1941 : León Díaz Cárdenas, ed.; Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta, interpr., ''El conquistador anónimo: relación de algunas cosas de la Nueva España y de la gran ciudad de Temestitán, México, escrita por un compañero de Hernán Cortés''. Mexicopoli: América, 1941 {{Ling|Hispanice}} [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/nd/ark:/59851/bmc0953493 Textus] apud ''Cervantes virtual''

[[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 16]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1556]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Italianae]]
[[Categoria:Historia Mexici]]
[[Categoria:Azteci]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Debora</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1920" sha1="l6i1v6hzj0984b7a4ucukoy5s5usaa1" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Femininum
	| origo = Hebraica
	| significatio = “apis”
	| imago = Aix-en-Provence Mausolee Joseph Sec 08 20061227.jpg
	| capitulum = Statua [[Debora (persona Biblica)|Deborae]] in urbe Francica [[Aquae Sextiae|Aquis Sextiis]] sita
}}

{{res|Debora}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Liber Iudicum]] 4,4: ''Erat autem Debora prophetis'', et saepius&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Hebraice]] דְּבוֹרָה, ''Dəḇōrā''; [[Graece]] Δεββώρα) est praenomen femininum originis [[Hebraice|Hebraicae]]. In [[Liber Iudicum|libro Iudicum]] ([[Tanach]]) [[Debora (persona Biblica)|Debora]] prophetissa et iudex [[Israëlitae|Israëlitas]] ab hostibus liberat victoriamque carmine notissimo celebrat. Significatio nominis est “[[apis]]”.&lt;ref&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. [https://www.behindthename.com/name/deborah “Deborah”]. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;Vide paginam [https://www.etymonline.com/word/Deborah Deborah] apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;“Debora, apis”; [[Hieronymus]], LIBER NOMINUM HEBRAICORUM apud ''Graeca fragmenta libri nominum Hebraicorum''. Vide textum apud [[Vicifons|Vicifontem]] [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Graeca_fragmenta_libri_nominum_Hebraicorum].&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mulieres ==
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Debora Ellis||en|qid=Q290374}}, scriptrix
* [[Debora François]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Debora Gibson||en|qid=Q233817}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Debora Halvorson||en|qid=Q3020814}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Debora Kerr||en|qid=Q104146}}
* [[Debora Patta]]
* [[Debbie Reynolds]]
* [[Debora Serracchiani]]
* [[Debbie Stabenow]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}

* [[541 Deborah]], asteroides

[[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Polonica]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Theodisca]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tonarium</title>
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      <text bytes="36975" sha1="6r88rg4hh4a82nt72v0sv1rh8drjuxg" xml:space="preserve">{{Auxilium interviciale
	| en = Tonary
	| de = Tonar
}}
{{Latinitas|-5}}
[[Fasciculus:Tonary of the Auch region (Aquitaine, end 10th century).jpg|thumb|Tonarium cum notatione aquitana [[Augusta Auscorum|Augustae Auscorum]] ([[:fr:Bibliothèque nationale de France|F-Pn]] lat. [[#Pbn1118|1118]], f.105')]]
{{Res|Tonarium}}&lt;ref name=Blaise&gt;Albert Blaise, ''Lexicon latinitatis medii aevi'' (Turnhout: 1975).&lt;/ref&gt; seu {{Res|(libellus) tonarius}},&lt;!--
 Ubi? (Pagina?) &lt;ref name=Cange&gt;{{DuCange}}&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;&lt;ref name=DMLBS&gt;{{DMLBS|tonarius}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu {{Res|tonale}},&lt;ref name=DMLBS /&gt; in [[Christianitas Occidentalis|Christianitate Occidentali]] est libellus qui partem librorum cantuum ([[Graduale|gradualis]] atque [[Antiphonarium officii|antiphonarii]]) constituit, qui varios [[Cantus Gregorianus|cantus Gregorianos]] secundum [[Octoechos|tonos ecclesiasticos]] (quorum species octavae sub nomine [[Modus (musica)|modi]] descriptae sunt) intra octoplicem tonorum formulam per [[incipit|incepta textualia]] disponit. In antiphonariis tonaria [[Antiphona|antiphonas]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horae canonicae|horarum canonicarum|en|qid=Q946731}} saepe comprehendunt, in gradualibus (libris cantuum [[Missa|Missae]]) omnia genera cantus antiphonalis cum psalmis et sine psalmis tractant. Antiphonae librorum gradualium ([[introitus]] et [[communio|communiones]]) et antiphonarii psalmum in libro indicatum introducunt et in [[Psalmodia|psalmodia]] repetuntur.

&lt;!--
Exemplum ad monstrandum sectionem cum nexibus	
--&gt;
==Usus et forma tonarius==
[[Fasciculus:Tonary fragment of Saint-Riquier.jpg|thumb|Tonarium Sancti Richarii&lt;ref&gt;Notum sub eum nomen apud Huglo ([[#Hug1971|1971]], 26-28), scriptum ab scriptorio Sancti Richardi vel [[Abbatia Corbeia|Corbeiae]].&lt;/ref&gt;, unum fontem notum antiquissimum tonarium conservatum in psalterio dicto Caroli Magni ([[:fr:Bibliothèque nationale de France|F-Pn]] fundus lat. Cod. [[#Riquier|13159]], f.167)|366x366px]]

Primum tonarium notum est [[#Riquier|fragmentum]] in [[psalterium|psalterio]] [[Saint-Riquier|monasterii Sancti Richarii]] saeculi VIII inventum. Hoc tonarium pars psalterii erat et octo divisiones habebat secundum nomina byzantina octo tonorum nominatas: «Autentus protus», «Plai protus», «Deuterus» etc. Sine intonationibus et formulis psalmodiae tonarium nondum psalmodiae psalmorum et canticorum iunctum erat, sed indicem selectorum cantuum Missae habebat, non solum antiphonas ad introitum ('''AN''' seu '''A'''), sed etiam responsoria gradualia ('''RG''' seu '''R'''), versus alleluiaticos ('''AlL'''), offertoria ('''OF''') et communiones ('''Adco''' seu '''Adc''').&lt;ref&gt;Fortasse fragmentum in forma completa aliam partem libro antiphonario dedicatam habebat, sed hoc tonarium non videtur tantum ad usum psalterii aptum.&lt;/ref&gt; Utilitas pristinorum tonariorum erat deductio toni cantus plani generaliter ''a posteriori''.&lt;ref&gt;''A posteriori'' sunt verba a Petro Jeffery allata ([[#Jef2001|2001]]). Deductio tonorum apud tonarium distinctio est ab usu cantorum byzantinorum. Signaturae sonorum ({{lang|grc|ἦχοι}}) ab scriptoribus {{lang|grc-latn|troparologii}} sine notatione musicali conservati a saeculo sexto (fragmenta papyri) usae erant. Signatura alius soni aliam melodiam facit.&lt;/ref&gt; In breviariis et sacramentariis ut [[#SanctiDionysii|sacramentario graduali Sancti Dionysii]] sunt solum symbola tonalia apud marginem paginae secundum nomenclaturam byzantinam ut «A Prot», quod abbreviat «autentus protus» (alternatim toni numerati ut '''.I.''' per tonum primum secundum systema Hucbaldi ut in [[#Pbn1085|antiphonario ecclesiae Sancti Salvatoris]] usi erant).

Tonarium potest introductionem in antiphonarium ut [[#Hartker1|antiponarium Hartkeris]] Coenobio Sangallense cum indice antiphonarum completo in ordinem terminationum in psalmodia nominati «differentiae» seu «figurae».&lt;ref&gt;Ad initium (pagina 1) doxologium breve est scriptum in letteris maiusculis «GLORIA PATRI ET FILIO / ET SPIRITUI SCO[*] SICUT / ERAT IN PRINCIPIO ET / NUNC ET SEMPER [ET IN] E U A E U O U A E» cum neumis sangallensis supra, deinde «SECULORUM AMEN» cum neumis. Paginae tonarius sunt separatae in duo libros antiphonarii (codices [[#Hartker1|390]] et [[#Hartker2|391]] ad initium) sine ordine, sed in magna perturbatione. Restitutio tonarius est addendum ad cod, sang. 390 ab manu recentiore (pp. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240512192008/http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/csg/0390/V1 V1]-V4) atque quae paginae sunt perditae seu laesae.&lt;/ref&gt; Appendix tonarius libro graduale tractat solum genera cantuum antiphonalium Missae ut introitum et communionem. Exemplum est tonarium libro [[#Einsiedeln|graduale monasterii Einsiedeln]] quo solum pars communionum conservatus est. Communius est libellus tonarius tropario-prosario ut [[#Pbn909|tropario-prosarium Ademari]] ubi libellus tonarius (quaequinque pars libellum appelatur) incipit cum parte supra antiphonarium (antiphonae et responsoria prolixa) (f.251) et deinde cum parte supra librum gradualem (f.255), hinc cuncta genera cantuum Missae indicati sunt. Quoque tonarium sub formam tactatum notatus est, inde potest esse partem collectionis tractatuum de musica ut [[#CommWerden|tonarium Hogeri Werdensis]] cum diagrammis notationis Dasianae, [[#BernoTonar|tonarium Bernonis Prumiensis]] cum neumis sangallensis manuscripto monasterii Laureshamensis ubi differentiae sub nomina graeca secundum Hucbaldem ordinatae sunt, vel [[#MC318|tonarium cum neumis italicis]] collectione Archicoenobii Montis Casini. Tonarium unicum est [[#MOfH159|librum gradualis tonarius monasterii Sancti Benigni]] scriptum sub abbatem Willelmum Volpianis ubi cuncta genera cantuum Missae sunt separata in libellos. Quisque libellus est subdivisus octo partibus secundum ordinem octo tonorum. Deinde Willelmus continuavit ut abbatem conditorem in [[Normannia]] ubi sua notatio est diffusa.

=== Symbola 8 tonorum ===

[[Hucbald Sancti Amandi|Hucbald]] descripsit sub nomina graeca phthongorum tetrachordum finalium:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Quatuor a primis tribus, id est, lichanos hypaton [λιχανὸς ὑπάτων '''D'''], hypate meson [ὑπάτη μέσων '''E'''], parypate meson [παρυπάτῃ μέσων '''F'''], lichanos meson [λιχανὸς μέσων '''G'''], quatuor '''modis''' vel '''tropis''', quos nunc '''tonos''' dicunt, hoc est, '''protus''' [ὁ πρῶτος], '''deuterus''' [ὁ δεύτερος], '''tritus''' [ὁ τρίτος], '''tetrardus''' [ὁ τέταρτος], perficiendis aptantur: ita ut singulae earum quatuor chordarum geminos sibi '''tropos''' regant subiectos, principalem [τὸν κύριον], qui '''autentus''' [αὐθέντης], et lateralem, qui '''plagius''' [ὁ πλάγιος] appellatur: lichanos hypaton [λιχανὸς ὑπάτων '''D'''] scilicet '''autentum protum''' et '''plagium''' eiusdem, id est, '''[tonorum] primum''' et '''secundum''': hypate meson [ὑπάτη μέσων '''E'''] '''autentum deuterum''' et '''plagium''' eius, id est, '''[tonorum] tertium''' et '''quartum''': Parypate meson [παρυπάτῃ μέσων '''F'''] '''autentum tritum''' et '''plagium''' eius, id est, '''[tonorum] quintum''' et '''sextum''': lichanos meson [λιχανὸς μέσων '''G'''] '''autentum tetrardum''' et '''plagium''' eius, id est, '''[tonorum] septimum''' et '''octavum''': ita ut ad aliquam ipsarum quatuor quantavis ultra citraque variabiliter circumacta, necessario omnis, quaecumque fuerit, redigatur cantilena. Unde et eaedem '''finales''' appellatae, quod finem in ipsis cuncta, quae canuntur, accipiant. Eas cum notulis paullo praesentibus positis annotamus. In graviorem cmpcf. Item acutiorem fcpm.
 ————Hucbald, ''De harmonica institutione''&lt;ref&gt;Editio Gerbertis ([[#Huc1784|1784]], i:119).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+ Phthongi et symbola tonorum
|- 
! tetrachordum !! graeco !! transliteratum !! Hucbald !! = !! [[Guido Aretinus]] !! Tonus
|- 
| protus || {{lang|grc|λιχανὸς ὑπάτων}} || «lichanos hypaton» || F&lt;ref name=&quot;Digamma&quot;&gt;Digamma sub formam &quot;F&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; || = || D sol re || I &amp; II
|- 
| deuterus || {{lang|grc|ὑπάτη μέσων}} || «hypate meson» || σ || = || E la mi || III &amp; IV
|- 
| tritus || {{lang|grc|παρυπάτη μέσων}} || «parypate meson» || ρ || = || F fa ut || V &amp; VI
|- 
| tetrardus || {{lang|grc|λιχανὸς μέσων}} || «lichanos meson» || Μ || = || G sol re ut || VII &amp; VIII
|}

Tractatus Hucbaldi per se est tonarium, ut manuscriptum [[Leodium (provincia)|leodinense]] [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Rei publicae Bohemicae|CZ-Pu]] Cod. [[#Leodium|273]], f.[https://imagines.manuscriptorium.com/loris/AIPDIG-NKCR__XIX_C_26____15DAGD6-cs/ID0027v/full/full/0/default.jpg 27'] ostendit. Verbum '''phthongus''' locum memoriae notarum significat, et solum quattuor phthongi sufficiunt ad octo modos construendos, qui sunt species octavae cum speciebus pentachordorum et tetrachordorum. Itaque '''tonus primus''' (autentus protus) et '''secundus''' (plagius protus) finalem «lychanos hypaton» (D sol re) habent cum modis «dorio» et «hypodorio»: '''D'''—a—d et A—'''D'''—a. Toni autenti octavam super finalem habent, plagii pentachordum in alto et tetrachordum deorsum. Similiter sunt autentus et plagius deuterus ('''tonus tertius''' et '''quartus''') cum finali «hypate meson» (E la mi) modisque «phrygio» et «hypophrygio»: '''E'''—b mi—e et B mi—'''E'''—b mi. Atque autentus et plagius tritus ('''tonus quintus''' et '''sextus''') cum finali «parypate meson» (F fa ut) modos «lydium» et «hypolydium» habent: '''F'''—c—f et C—'''F'''—c. Denique autentus tetrardus eiusque plagius ('''tonus septimus''' et '''octavus''') cum finali «lychanos meson» (G sol ut) modos «mixolydium» et «hypermixolydium» habent (nomen apud Boethium notum pro modo octavo, postea in medio aevo etiam «hypomixolydium» dictum): '''G'''—d—g et D—'''G'''—d (ut modus dorius, sed divisus quarta specie pentachordi super finalem G). Periodus Hucbaldi etiam duo systemata symbolorum tonalium et ordinem tonorum explicat, id est autentum protum, plagium protum, autentum deuterum etc. secundum [[Octoechos|octoechum]] graecum vel suam enumerationem tonorum I-VIII, quae primum apud Hucbaldum nuntiata est.

=== Variae formae tonariorum ===
'''Tonaria''' sunt distincta secundum formam et longitudinem:
* Potest essere tractatum cum descriptionibus octo tonorum, eorum troporum et modorum ut tractatum Hucbaldis&lt;ref&gt;[[Bibliotheca Nationalis Rei publicae Bohemicae|CZ-Pu]] cod. [[#Leodium|273]], ff.19-28'.&lt;/ref&gt; vel compendium ''alia musica''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica|F-Pn]] fund. lat. [[#Pbn8663|8663]] &amp; [[#Pbn7211|7211]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* Forma brevis deducendum tonos via incipit cantuum vel symbolum tonale apud marginem sacramentari.
* Forma communior cum intonationibus ({{lang|grc-latn|echemata}}) et psalmodiis notatis.&lt;ref&gt;[[Bibliotheca Nationalis Rei publicae Bohemicae|CZ-Pu]] cod. [[#Leodium|273]], ff.4-11: «Primus igitur lydius [!], qui grece inscribitur autentus prothus, id est magister vel princeps primus». Hic tractatus est scriptus cum atramento rubro et neumis lotharingiis. Proprietas scriptoris quod verba graeca ut «dyatesseron» et «dyapente» sunt scripta «·iiii[or]·cordarum» vel «·v·cordarum» ut verbum «corda» substituit «phthongus» seu «nota».&lt;/ref&gt; Incipita cantuum sunt ordinata secundum terminationes psalmodiae quas sunt «differentias» sive «figuras». Hoc tonarium continet cunctas vel selectas antiphonas libris gradualis (antiphonas ad introitum et antiphonas ad communionem) et libris antiphonarii.
* Forma multum rara substituit principium incipitorum ab cantu completo cum neumis et faciat librum completum ut librum gradualem. Apud Willelmum Volpianis liber gradualis est divisus a variabus libellibus ut libellum antiphonarum (introitus et communiones), libellum responsoriarum gradualium, libellum versorum alleluiaticorum, libellum tractuum sive prosarium. Proprietas tonarii est quod cuncta pars sive libellus est divisus ab octo partibus secundum ordinem octo tonorum.&lt;ref&gt;Ordo ut erat explicatus ab Hucbaldo.&lt;/ref&gt; Exemplum est tonarium libris gradualis cum fragmento antiphonarii Willelmi Volpianis per abbatiam Sancti Benigni ([[:fr:Faculté de médecine de Montpellier|F-MOf]] cod. [[#MOfH159|H159]]).

=== Tonaria et traditio cantuum ===

== Echemata et nomina eorum ==
Cantor Aurelianus Reomensis rogavit cantorem graecum quid est significationem syllabarum usi apud intonationes (echemata). Dialogus est nuntiatus capitulo nono eius tractatus ''Musica disciplina'' quae habet formam tonarii incipiens ut hinc:
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Capitulum VIIII QUAE IPSIS INSCRIBANT&lt;/span&gt;[UR] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;TONIS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
Ceterum nomina quae ipsis inscribuntur tonis, ut est in primo tono: &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;NONANNOEANE&lt;/span&gt;. et in secundo: &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;NOEANE&lt;/span&gt; et cetera queque moveri solet animus quia in se contineant significationis.&lt;br/&gt;
Etenim quendam interrogavi Grecum: «In Latina quid interpretarentur lingua?» Respondit se nihil interpretari sed esse apud eos letantis adverbia. Quantoque maior est vocis concentus eo plures inscribuntur sillabe, ut in autentu proto, qui principium est, sex inseruntur sillabe, videlicet he: [&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;NONANNOEANE&lt;/span&gt;.]&lt;br/&gt;
In autentu deutero, in autentu trito, quoniam minoris sunt meriti, quinque tantummodo eis inscribuntur sillabae, ut est: &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;NOIOEANE&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;
In plagis autem eorum consimilis est litteratura, scilicet &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;NOEANE&lt;/span&gt;, sive secundum quosdam &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;NOEAGIS&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;
Memoratus denique adiuncxit Grecus huiusmodi, inquiens:&lt;br/&gt;
«Nostra in lingua videntur habere consimilitudinem qualem arantes sive angarias minantes exprimere solent, excepto quod haec letantis tantummodo sit vox nihilque aliud exprimentis; estque tonorum in se continens modulationem.»&lt;br/&gt;
De quorum vigore ob sermonis iterationem arbitror lectitantibus me fastidium intulisse. Unde ad authentum protum stilum vertamus.&lt;br/&gt;
———Aurelianus Reomensis, ''De musica disciplina''&lt;ref&gt;Fons: [[:fr:Valenciennes|F-VAL]] cod. [[#AurTo|148]], f.71'. Editio Laurentii Gushee ([[#Aur1975|1975]], pp.83-84).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Manuscriptum editionis est diagraphum factum ab cantore abbatiae Sancti Amandi. Sera manus verosimilis alii cantoris addebat neumas palæofranconas super syllabas intonationis tonorum primum et secundum qui permittet reconstructionem duo echematorum secundum usum localem abbatiae:
[[Fasciculus:Aurelianus Reomensis Echemeta.jpg|thumb|center|Echemata autenti et plagii proti cum addendis neumis palæofranconis in capitulo IX ''Musica disciplina'' Aureliani Reomensis ([[:fr:Valenciennes|F-VAL]] cod. [[#AurTo|148]], f.71')|523x523px]]

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Tonary of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon.jpg|Pars [[psalmus 71|psalmi 71 (70)]] in tonario saeculi X a [[Gulielmus (abbas Sancti Benigni)|Gulielmo]], abbate [[ecclesia cathedralis Divionensis|Sancti Benigni]] scripto
Bamberg, State Library, Varia1.jpg|Tonarium saeculi X vel XI cum interpretatione tonorum
TonarAdemar.jpg|Tonarium saeculi XI [[abbatum Sancti Martialis|abbati Sancti Martialis]] cum interpretatione tonorum
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Octoechos]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes manusciptorum ==
{{Pars vicificanda}}

===Tonaria et Sacramentaria gradualia (VIII-IX saeculis)===
* {{cite web
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84267835/f337.image
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 13159, f. 167
|work=Fragmentum tonarii Sancti Richarii in libro dicto &quot;Psalterio Caroli Magni&quot;
|location=Abbatia [[Saint-Riquier|Sancti Richarii]] vel [[Abbatia Corbeia|Corbeiae]]
|date=DCCC
|access-date=15 January 2012
|ref=Riquier
}}.
* {{cite web
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8426787t/f63.item
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 17436, f. 29
|work=Sacramentarium cum libro graduale, sequentiario et antiphonario 
|location=Monasterium Sancti Corneli [[Compendium|Compendi]] 
|date=DCCCLX–DCCCLXXX
|access-date=15 January 2012
|ref=AntCarol
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Rodrade
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 12050, ff. 3–16
|work=Sacramentarium graduale ordinatum Episcopi Ambiani destinatum ad Corbeiam
|location=[[Abbatia Corbeia]]
|date=DCCCLIII
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8426782r/f9.item
|access-date=30 December 2011
}}.
*{{cite web
|title=Laudunum, Bibliotheca municipi, Cod. 118, ff. A.1'-A.12'
|url=https://bibliotheque-numerique.ville-laon.fr/idurl/1/1459
|work=Sacramentarium graduale cum lectionario
|location=[[Sanctus Dionysius (Sequana et Fanum Dionysii)|Abbatia realis Sancti Dionysii]]
|date=DCCCXC-CM
|access-date=16 April 2024m
|ref=SanctiDionysii
}}.
*{{cite web
|last=Aurelianus Reomensis
|title=Valenciennes, Bibliotheca municipi, Cod. 148, ff. 71'-86'
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8452635b/f147.item
|work=Tres tonaria «Quae ipsis inscribantur tonis» cum ceteribus intonationibus et neumis palaeofranconis adiunctis postea infra tractatum nominatum «Musica disciplina» (cap. IX-XIX)
|location=Monasterium Sancti Amandi, [[Saint-Amand-les-Eaux]] 
|date=DCCCLXXX–DCCCLXXXV
|access-date=8 October 2012
|ref=AurTo
}}.

===Cantores Lotharingiae===
* {{cite web
|title=Mettis, Mediatheca, Cod. 351, ff. 66–76
|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/bmmetz/12499624274/in/album-72157640923158474/
|work=Tonarium [[Mettis|Mettensis]] 
|date=DCCCLXXVIII
|access-date=27 July 2014
|ref=Mettensis
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Praga, Bibliotheca Nationalis Rei publicae Bohemicai (Bohemice Narodní knihovna), Cod. 273 olim Universitní knihovna cod. XIX.C.26, ff. 1–11
|url=https://new.manuscriptorium.com/apis/resolver-api/en/catalog/default/detail/manuscriptorium%7CRASTIS-NKCR__XIX_C_26____15DAGD6-cs
|work=Tonarium scriptum attramento rubro («Primus igitur lydius...» [ff. 4-11]) in tractato incipiens «Ratio breviter super musicum cum tonario» (Tonarium leodiense) cum neumis lotharingis vel notis graecis (simile ad compendium «alia musica») in collectione tractatuum de musica
|location=[[Leodium]] Belgiae
|date=MC
|access-date=16 April 2024
|ref=Leodium
}}.

===Cantores Alamanniae===
* {{cite web
|title=Monasterium Einsiedeln, Bibliotheca institutum, Cod. 121, pp. 417-427
|url=http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/sbe/0121/417/large
|work=Psalmodia communionum libris gradualis et sequentiarum [[Notker Balbulus|Notkeris]]
|location=Monasterium Einsiedeln
|date=CMLX–CMLXX
|access-date=4 January 2012
|ref=Einsiedeln
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Hartker 
|title=Coenobium Sangallense, Bibliotheca institutum, Cod. Sang. 390, pp. 1-5
|url=http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/csg/0390/1/large
|work=Antiphonarium Hartkeris 
|location=[[Monasterium Principale Sancti Galli|Coenobium Sangallense]]
|date=CMXC-M
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Hartker1
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Hartker
|title=Coenobium Sangallense, Bibliotheca institutum, Cod. Sang. 391, pp. 1–8, 261–264
|url=http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/csg/0391/1/large
|work=Antiphonarium Hartkeris, pars secunda
|location=[[Monasterium Principale Sancti Galli|Coenobium Sangallense]]
|date=CMXC-M
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Hartker2
}}.
* {{cite web 
|last=Arator Diaconus 
|title=Dresda, Bibliotheca civitatis Saxoniae, Cod. A 199, f. 37 
|url=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/76220/81
|work=Fragmentum tonarius cum notatione sangallense ad finem De actibus apostolorum Aratoris Diaconi cum glossa in alta antiqua theodisca
|location=[[Augusta Vindelicorum]]?
|date=M
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Hoger Werdensis
|title=Bamberga, Bibliotheca civitatis, Msc.Var.1, ff. 42'-46'
|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb00140707?page=86%2C87
|work=Fragmentum «Commemoratio brevis de tonis et psalmis modulandis» cum notatione Dasiana collectione tractatuum de musica
|location=Werden?
|date=M
|access-date=16 April 2024
|ref=CommWerden
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Bamberga, Bibliotheca civitatis, Msc.Lit.5, ff. 5–27
|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb00140775?page=12%2C13
|work=Tonarium Augiensis
|location=[[Augia Dives|Augia insula]]
|date=MI
|access-date=16 April 2024
|ref=Reichenau
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Bamberga, Bibliotheca civitatis, Msc.Lit.5, ff. 187–196
|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb00140775?page=376%2C377
|work=Tonarium tropario et sequentiario Augiense [[Notker Balbulus|Notkeris Balbuli]] et [[Theodulfus Aurelianensis|Theodulfi Aurelianensis]]
|location=[[Augia Dives]]
|date=MI
|access-date=16 April 2024
|ref=Reichenau2
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Hartvic (copiatrum)
|title=Monacum, Bibliotheca civitatis Bavariae, Cod. Clm 14272, ff. 62'-64'
|url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00034237/image_64
|work=Tonarium cum signis Dasiae
|location=Abbatia Sancti Emmerami [[Ratisbona]]e
|date=MVI–MXXVIII
|access-date=2 January 2012
|ref=Ratisbona
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Hartvic (copiatrum)
|title=Monacum, Bibliotheca civitatis Bavariae, Cod. Clm 14272, ff. 173'-174
|url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00034237/image_175
|work=Fragmentum tractatus «Commemoratio brevis de tonis et psalmis modulandis» cum signis Dasiae
|location=Abbatia Sancti Emmerami [[Ratisbona]]e
|date=MVI–MXXVIII
|access-date=2 January 2012
|ref=FragmentCom
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Hartvic (copiatrum)
|title=Monacum, Bibliotheca civitatis Bavariae, Cod. Clm 14272, ff. 175–181
|url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00034237/image_176
|work=Tonarium compendio «alia musica» cum intonationibus notatibus, psalmodiis et rubricis addendis formam tonarium
|location=Abbatia Sancti Emmerami [[Ratisbona]]e
|date=MVI–MXXVIII
|access-date=2 January 2012
|ref=AliaHartvic
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Berno Augiensis
|title=Coenobium Sangallense, Bibliotheca institutum, Cod. Sang. 898, pp. 2–25
|url=http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/csg/0898/5/large
|work=Tractatus nominatus «De consona tonorum diversitate» cum tonario infra «Bernonis Epistolae cum sermonibus et hymnis», collectione regis Henricu III
|location=[[Monasterium Principale Sancti Galli|Coenobium Sangallense]]
|date=XI saeculo
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=BernoDeConsona
}}.
* {{cite web
|last=Berno Augiensis
|title=Roma, Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Cod. pal. lat. 1344, ff. 19–33'
|url=http://bibliotheca-laureshamensis-digital.de/bav/bav_pal_lat_1344/0047 
|work=«Musica seu Prologus in Tonarium» cum nominibus graecibus finalium secundum Hucbaldem [[Saint-Amand-les-Eaux|Sancti Amandi]] et addenda (intonationes cum notatione sangallense)
|location=Monasterium Laureshamense
|date=ML
|access-date=22 October 2013
|ref=BernoTonar
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Guelpherbytum, Bibliotheca Augusta, Cod. Guelph. 1050 Helmstadiensis (cat. 1152), ff. 16'-27'
|url=http://diglib.hab.de/mss/1050-helmst/start.htm?image=00036
|work=Index intonationum et incipitorum antiphonarum sub differentias cum notatione sangallense, tonarium completum simile tonario mettense et ipso Hartkeris
|date=XIII saeculo
|ref=WHAB1050
}}.

===Cantores Aquitaniae===
==== Tonaria monastica ====
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 1240, ff. 62'-64'
|work=Troparium ecclesiae Sancti Salvatoris Mundi scriptum ab scriptorio abbatiae Sancti Martiali
|location=[[Augustoritum]]
|date=CMXXXIII–CMXXXVI
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000528g/f134.image
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Pbn1240
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 1084, ff. 155–164'
|work=Libellus tonarius cum tropario-prosario et sequentiario 
|location=Monasterium Sancti Gerardis [[Aureliacum|Aureliaco]] 
|date=sero X saeculo
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432316d/f323.image
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Pbn1084
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 1085, ff. 3'-110'
|work=Antiphonarium breviarium ecclesiae Sancti Salvatoris Mundi, cum addendibus symbolibus tonorum Rogeris et Ademaris Cabannensiorum apud scriptorium abbatiae Sancti Martiali
|location=[[Augustoritum]] 
|date=finis X saeculi
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432277r/f12.item
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Pbn1085
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 1121, ff. 202–206'
|work=Libellus tonarius antiphonarum antiphonarii, introitorum et communionum libris gradualis cum tropario-sequentiaro abbatiae Sancti Martiali, manuscriptum scriptum ab Ademaro Cabanensis et alibus
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432272p/f413.image
|location=[[Augustoritum]]
|date=MXXV
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Pbn1121
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 909, ff. 251–257'
|work=Libellus tonariorum supra antiphonas seu responsoria et de libro graduale cum tropario-sequentiario abbatiae Sancti Martiali
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84323046/f509.image
|location=[[Augustoritum]]
|date=MXXXII
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Pbn909
}}.

==== Tonaria ecclesiarum cathedralium ====
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 1118, ff. 104–113'
|work=Libellus tonarius introitorum communionumque libris gradualis et responsoriorum antiphonariumque antiphonarii cum tropario-prosario et sequentiario redactus ab Rogero et Ademaro Cabannensibus apud scriptorium levocensem Sancti Martiali
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432314k/f217.image
|location=[[Augusta Auscorum]]
|date=CMLXXXVII–CMXCVI
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Pbn1118
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 776, ff. 147–154'
|work=Fragmentum tonarii ad finem libris gradualis
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84546727/f301.image
|location=Monasterium et ecclesia Sancti Michaelis [[Galliacum|Galliaco]] apud [[Albia]]m
|date=MLXXIX
|access-date=20 December 2012
|ref=Pbn776
}}.
*{{cite web
|title=Londinium, Bibliotheca Brittanica, Cod. Harl. 4951, ff. 295'–301'
|url=http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=harley_ms_4951_f295v
|work=Tonarium in libro graduale adveniens ecclesiam cathedralem Sancti Stefani vulgo Saint Etienne 
|location=[[Tolosa]] 
|date=MLXXX-MC
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Har4951
}}.
*{{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 780, ff. 123'-130
|work=Tonarium in libro graduale ecclesiae cathedralis Sanctorum Justi et Pastori 
|location=[[Narbo]]
|date=MLXXX-MC
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000736q/f254.item
|access-date=30 December 2011
|ref=Pbn780
}}.

===Cantores Lutetiae et confoederationis monasticae cluniacensis===
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 12584, ff. 216
|work=Tonarium XII saeculi in libro graduali et antiphonario
|location=Abbatia Sancti Mauri Fossarum vulgo Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, [[Vallis Matronae]]
|date=XI saeculo
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8422977w/f435.image
|access-date=30 December 2011
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 13252, ff. 71–76'
|work=Tonarium troparii, 
|location=Abbatia Sancti Germani Propinquorum vulgo Saint-Germain-des-Prés, [[Lutetia]]e 
|date=XI saeculo
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8422979q/f145.image
|access-date=30 December 2011
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 8663, ff. 50'-51
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432469w/f108.item
|work=Tonarium infra compendio «Alia musica» collectione tractatuum de musica 
|location=[[Sanctus Benedictus ad Ligerim (abbatia)|Abbatia Sancti Benedicti ad Ligerim]] 
|date=X saeculo
|access-date=15 January 2012
|ref=Pbn8663
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 7211, ff. 54–71
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432471z/f115.item
|work=Tonarium compendii «Alia musica» collectione tractatuum de musica 
|location=Abbatia Sancti Petri [[Luxovium|Luxovio]] 
|date=XII saeculo
|access-date=15 January 2012
|ref=Pbn7211
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 17296, f. 11'
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000532c/f34.item
|work=Antiphonarium cum differentiis rubrificatis
|location=[[Sanctus Dionysius (Sequana et Fanum Dionysii)|Abbatia realis Sancti Dionysii]]
|date=MCXL–MCL
|access-date=15 January 2012
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, Cod. nal 443, ff. 29–33
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8426266x/f65.image
|work=Fragmentum tonarii manuscripto 
|location=[[Sanctus Benedictus ad Ligerim (abbatia)|Abbatia Sancti Benedicti ad Ligerim]]
|date=MCC
|access-date=2 January 2012
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Bamberga, Bibliotheca civitatis, Msc.Lit.115, ff. 68'-74
|url=http://bvbm1.bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?custom_att_2=simple_viewer&amp;pid=2957869&amp;childpid=2958009
|work=Tonarium tractatus «Practica artis musice» Amerii dicta Codice Motetuum Bambergae 
|location=[[Lutetia]]e 
|date=MCCLXXV–MCCLXXXV
|access-date=4 April 2014
|ref=Ba
}}.

===Cantores ordinis Cistercensis===
* {{cite web
|last=Berno Augiensis
|title=Lipsia, Bibliotheca Universitatis, Cod. 1493, ff. 53–60
|work=Tonarium cum neumis sangallensis a Berno Augiensis collectione tractatuum, abbatia Sancti Petri [[Merseburga]], liber deinde translatus ad monasterium cisterciensem Altzella
|location=Saxoniae
|date=MLXXV
|url=https://digital.ub.uni-leipzig.de/object/viewid/0000011638
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, Cod. nal 1410, ff. 159'-166'
|work=Antiphonarium abbatiae Sanctae Mariae
|location=Abbatia [[Morimundum|Morimundi]], Dioecesis [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] 
|date=XII saeculo
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84324835/f333.item
|access-date=30 December 2011
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Vindobona, Bibliotheca Nationalis Austriaca, Cod. 1799**, ff. 216-222' (Digit. No. 454-467)
|url=http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AL00163408
|work=Tonarium antiphonarii cisterciensis 
|location=[[Abbatia B.M.V. de Runa|Abbatia de Runa]], [[Styria]]e
|date=MCCXXV–MCCXLIX
|access-date=14 April 2012
|ref=Rein
}}.

===Cantores ordinis Dominicanae===
*{{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus lat., Cod. 16663, ff. 54'-57
|work=Tonarium cum notatione alphabetica infra tractatum de musica a Hieronymo Moraviae
|location=[[Lutetia]]e 
|date=MCCLXXX-MCCC
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432480x/f113.item
|access-date=30 December 2011
}}.
*{{cite web
|title=Bibliotheca civitatis Victoriae, RARESF 096.1, Cod. R66A, ff. 1'-4
|work=Tonarium cum neumis quadratis antiphonario Pinciaci
|location=Monasterium Sancti Ludovici [[Pinciacum|Pinciaco]]
|date=MCCCXXXV–MCCCXLV
|url=http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/MMDB/images/Poissy/FOL_001V.htm
|access-date=16 May 2012
}}.

===Cantores Italiae===
* {{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, Fundus lat., Cod. 7202, f. 52'
|work=Tonarium cum signis Dasiae, tractatus nominatus «Inchiriadon» infra collectionem tractatuum
|location=Collegio fratrorum Domenicanam Colberti, [[Venetia]]e 
|date=XI saeculo
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432473s/f112.item
|access-date=30 December 2011
}}.
*{{cite web
|title=Roma, Bibliotheca Casanatensis, Cod. 54, f. 102'-103
|url=http://opac.casanatense.it/Record.htm?Record=19932397124917505799
|work=Tonarium effictum codicis Nonantolae 
|location=[[Augia Dives|monasterii Augiensis]]
|date=XI saeculo
|access-date=30 December 2011
}}.
*{{citation
|last=Odo Aretinus
|title=Archicoenobium Montis Casini, Bibliotheca archicoenobii, Cod. 318, pp. 126–127
|work=«Formulas super ad nos» in collectione tractatuum de musica
|location=[[Mons Casinus|Archicoenobium Sancti Benedicti Montis Casini]]
|date=MLXXX-MC
|url=https://omnes.dbseret.com/montecassino/view.jsp?cid=IT-FR0084_00318&amp;did=IT-FR0084_00318_0126
|ref=OdoMs
}}.
*{{citation
|title=Archicoenobium Montis Casini, Bibliotheca archicoenobii, Cod. 318, pp. 122–123
|work=«De octo tonora per ordinem» in collectione tractatuum de musica
|location=[[Mons Casinus|Archicoenobium Sancti Benedicti Montis Casini]]
|date=MLXXX-MC
|url=https://omnes.dbseret.com/montecassino/view.jsp?cid=IT-FR0084_00318&amp;did=IT-FR0084_00318_0122
|ref=8tonora
}}.
*{{citation
|title=Archicoenobium Montis Casini, Bibliotheca archicoenobii, Cod. 318, pp. 127–157
|work=Tonarium cum neumis Beneventanis in collectione tractatuum de musica
|location=[[Mons Casinus|Archicoenobium Sancti Benedicti Montis Casini]]
|date=MLXXX-MC
|url=https://omnes.dbseret.com/montecassino/view.jsp?cid=IT-FR0084_00318&amp;did=IT-FR0084_00318_0127
|ref=MC318
}}.

===Cantores Anglosaxoniae===
* {{cite web
|title=Cantabrigia, Collegio «Corpus Christi», Bibliotheca «Parker», Cod. 260, ff. 51'-53'
|url=https://parker.stanford.edu/parker/catalog/canvas-e3d38a2a58b1e0321fdf4a567e2b2a6d
|work=Fragmentum tractatus «Commemoratio brevis de tonis et psalmis modulandis» in collectione 
|location=Ecclesia Christi, [[Cantuaria]]e 
|date=CMXC-M
|access-date=17 March 2018
|ref=CommCb
}}.
* {{cite web
|author=Vulfstan Cantor
|title=Cantabrigia, Collegio «Corpus Christi», Bibliotheca «Parker», Cod. 473, ff. 70–73'
|work=Tonarium troparii Wintoniae
|location=[[Wintonia]]
|date=MXX-MXL
|url=https://parker.stanford.edu/parker/catalog/canvas-3bd582974883028cbcd3043b11412c52
|access-date=17 March 2018
|ref=WinTr
}}.

===Cantores normanni===
* {{cite web
|last=Willelmus Volpianis
|title=Monspessulanus, Bibliotheca inter universitates olim Facultas Medicinae, Cod. H159
|url=https://ged.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nodoc.jsp?NODOC=2020_DOC_MONT_MBUM_6
|work=Tonarium notatum in completo supra librum gradualem et fragmentum antiphonarii
|location=Abbatia Sancti Benigni [[Divio|Diviensis]]
|date=M
|access-date=16 April 2024
|ref=MOfH159
}}.
* {{cite web
|title=Matritum, Bibliotheca Nationalis Hispaniae, Cod. 288, ff. 4–12
|url=http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000012335
|work=Tonarium troparii et sequentiarii normanno-siculi
|location=Ecclesia cathedralis normanna in insula [[Sicilia (regio Italiae)|Sicilia]] fortasse [[Panormus|Panormo]]
|date=MC
|access-date=16 April 2024
|ref=Mn288
}}.
*{{cite web
|title=Lutetia, Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica, fundus latin, Cod. 10508, ff. 150'-156'
|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8422969b/f306.item
|work=Tonarium troparii et prosarii orientem Italiae
|location=Abbatia Sancti Ebrulphi Uticensis, [[Olina (praefectura Franciae)|Olina]]e, [[Normannia]]e 
|date=XII saeculo
|access-date=2 June 2011
|ref=lat10508
}}.

== Editiones ==
* {{Cite book
| edition = [[Hildesia]]e 1963 reimpressio
| editor-last = Gerbert
| editor-first = Martin
| chapter = Ubaldi seu Hucbaldi Monachi Elnonensis opuscula de musica  
| title = Scriptores Ecclesiastici de Musica Sacra Potissimum
| volume = 1
| pages = 103–125
| location = St Blaise
| date = 1784
| chapter-url = http://chmtl.indiana.edu/tml/9th-11th/HUCHAR
| ref = Huc1784
}}.
* {{Cite book
| publisher = American Institute of Musicology
| editor-last = Gushee 
| editor-first = Lawrence
| title = Aureliani Reomensis Musica disciplina
| series = Corpus scriptorum de musica
| location = Rome
| date = 1975
| volume = 21
| pages = 53–135
| url = https://chmtl.indiana.edu/tml/9th-11th/AURMD_TEXT.html
| ref = Aur1975
}}.

== Bibliographia ==
* {{cite book
| publisher = Société française de musicologie
| last = Huglo
| first = Michel
| title = Les Tonaires: Inventaire, Analyse, Comparaison
| location = Paris
| series = Publications de la Société française de musicologie
| volume = 2
| date = 1971
| ref = Hug1971
| url = http://www.musmed.fr/AdMMAe/reprints.htm
}}.
* {{cite book
| publisher = Boydell Press
| isbn = 978-0-85115-800-6
| pages = 147–209
| last = Jeffery
| first = Peter
| title = The Study of Medieval Chant: Paths and Bridges, East and West; In Honor of Kenneth Levy
| contribution = The Earliest Oktōēchoi: The Role of Jerusalem and Palestine in the Beginnings of Modal Ordering
| location = Woodbridge, Suffolk
| date = 2001
| ref = Jef2001
}}.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Tonaries|tonaria}}
* {{cite web
|last=Demollière
|first=Marie-Reine
|publisher=Blogue de la Scola Mettensis
|title=Les échêmata NOEANE et NOEAGIS dans les tonaires carolingiens
|location=Metz
|date=22 septembre 2013
|url=https://www.scolametensis.com/2013/09/22/noeane-noeagis/
}}

[[Categoria:Ecclesia Catholica]]
[[Categoria:Liturgia]]
[[Categoria:Musica]]
[[Categoria:Religio Christiana]]
[[Categoria:Tonaria|!]]</text>
      <sha1>6r88rg4hh4a82nt72v0sv1rh8drjuxg</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Interpol</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>301633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986471</id>
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      <comment>de die constructionis</comment>
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      <text bytes="1104" sha1="9odxbjzqas98jcvh4nmxqee9lslgqz9" xml:space="preserve">'''Organisatio Internationalis Vigilum Criminalium''', '''OIVP''' (Anglice: ''International Criminal Police Organization'', ''ICPO''; Francogallice: ''Organisation internationale de police criminelle'', ''OICP''), vulgo '''Interpol''', est unio internationalis, quae vigiles civitatum coniungunt. Praetorium organisationis in [[Lugdunum|Lugduno]], [[Francia]]e, situm est.

Die [[7 Septembris|7]] mense Septembri [[1923]] '''Curatio Internationalis Vigilum Criminalium''' fundata est. Anno 1938 sub gubernatione [[Germania nazistica|Germaniae nazisticae]] coercita est. Itaque Unio, nomine novo et currente, velut [[constitutio]]ne nova, refundata est. Nomen ''Interpol'' quoque ab anno 1936, tempore [[telegraphia]]e, adhibitum est.

Munera principalia Interpol ad areas tres maiores referunt:
* [[Tromocratia]],
* scelera informatica,
* scelus organisatum.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Criminologia]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.interpol.int Interpol situs interretialis proprius] {{Ling|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Securitas]]
[[Categoria:Societates civitatum]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1938]]
{{Myrias|Societas}}</text>
      <sha1>9odxbjzqas98jcvh4nmxqee9lslgqz9</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paeninsula Scandinavica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="2925" sha1="21lsyqk99iibbjn9sjfyelcoxhz31s4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Scandinavia.TMO2003050.jpg|thumb|Paeninsula Scandinavica in photographemate spatiali mense Februario facto]] 

{{res|Paeninsula Scandinavica}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ericus Olai|Erici Olai]] [https://books.google.ru/books?id=4RQVAAAAIAAJ&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;q=paeninsulae+scandinavicae ''Chronica regni Gothorum'', vol. XXXIX, p. 51]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=VSlnDlmMCwIC&amp;q=paeninsulae+scandinavicae#v=snippet&amp;q=paeninsulae%20scandinavicae&amp;f=false ''Loquela vivida: donum natalicium Nicolao Sallmann sexagesimum quintum annum agenti ; a fautoribus linguae Latinae vivae oblatum'', 1999, p.89]; [[Iohannes de Turocz|Ioannis de Turocz]] [https://books.google.ru/books?id=E6DRAAAAMAAJ&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;q=paeninsula+scandinavica ''Chronica Hungarorum: Commentarii'', 1985, p. 55], etc.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Skandinaviska halvön'', [[Norvegice]] [bookmal] ''Den skandinaviske halvøy'', [[Finnice]] ''Skandinavian niemimaaest'') est [[paeninsula]] maxima [[Europa]]e septentrionalis, inter maria [[mare Barentsianum|Barentsianum]], [[mare Norvegicum|Norvegicum]], [[mare Germanicum|Septentrionale]] et [[mare Balticum|Balticum]] sita. Per terram linea a [[sinus Bothnicus|sinu Bothnico]] ad [[sinus Varangicus|sinum Varangicum]]{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Lassen Rasmussen|Ioannes Lassen Rasmussen|da|qid=Q10979272}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=FG0OAAAAQAAJ&amp;q=sinus+varangicus#v=snippet&amp;q=sinus%20varangicus&amp;f=false ''De Orientis commercio cum Russia et Scandinavia medio aevo'', Hauniae 1825, p. 49].|2=Q10979272}} (vulgo ''Varangerfjorden'') descripta paeninsulae Scandinavicae finis putatur; orientem versus a hac linea [[paeninsula Kolaensis]] incipit. [[Area (geometria)|Area]] paeninsulae Scandinavicae circa 800 chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; est.

[[Suecia]] omnis (praeter insulas), [[Norvegia]]e pars maior et [[Finnia]]e pars aliqua in paeninsula Scandinavica sitae sunt. [[Montes Scandinaviae]] partem paeninsulae septentrionalem et occidentalem occupant; litora Norvegica, i.e. septentrionalia et occidentalia, [[fiordum|fiordis]] permultis dissecata sunt et insulae permultae his adiacent. [[Sinus Cimbricus|Sinu Cimbrico]] et [[Kattegat|Kattegat freto]] paeninsula Scandinavica ab [[Index insularum Danicarum|archipelago Danico]] et [[Chersonesus Cimbrica|Chersoneso Cimbrica]] separata est. Litora Suecica (meridionalia et orientalia) planitie silvosa occupata sunt.

[[Lacus Vener|Vener]], [[Lacus Veter|Veter]], [[Lacus Melorus|Melorus]] lacus paeninsulae maximi sunt; [[Gothelba]] et [[Clarus fluvius|Clarus]] fluvii longissimi.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scandinavica, paeninsula}}

[[Categoria:Paeninsulae Europae]]
[[Categoria:Scandinavia]]
[[Categoria:Geographia Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Geographia Norvegiae]]
[[Categoria:Geographia Finniae]]

{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rosa Christiana Ossouka Raponda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2332" sha1="2w8rdeuf7enfatg4dqvgxsgwjt7rg6h" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Rosa Christiana''', vulgo ''Rose Christiane'' '''Ossouka Raponda''' ({{Creanda|fr|Franceville|Francopolis|Francopoli}} die [[30 Iunii]] [[1963]] nata) est oeconoma et politica [[Gabon]]is.

Alumna est [[Institutum Oeconomiae Vectigaliumque (Liberopolis)|Instituti Oeconomiae Vectigaliumque]] [[Liberopolis|Liberopoli]] in urbe. Ministra a rationibus publicis fuit annis [[2012]] et 2013, primo ministro [[Raimundus Ndong Sima|Raimundo Ndong Sima]], sed hoc anno exeunte consiliaria municipalis Liberopolis electa est atque anno [[2014]] ineunte praefecta urbis, prima mulierum, acclamata est. In regimen nationale redeuns die [[12 Februarii]] [[2019]] ministra munitionis et securitatis facta est, primo ministro [[Iulianus Nkoghe Bekalé|Iuliano Nkoghe Bekalé]]; sed die [[16 Iulii]] [[2020]] in munus primae ministrae, atque die [[9 Ianuarii]] [[2023]] ad officium praesidis vicariae a praeside [[Ali Bongo]] promota est. 

== Bibliographia ==
* Georges Dougueli, &quot;Gabon: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, le nouveau visage de Libreville&quot; in ''[[Jeune Afrique]]'' (21 Ianuarii 2014) [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/134860/politique/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-le-nouveau-visage-de-libreville/ Situs venalis]
* Romain Gras, &quot;Gabon: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, de la mairie de Libreville au ministère de la Défense&quot; in ''[[Jeune Afrique]]'' (12 Februarii 2019) [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/733652/politique/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-de-la-mairie-de-libreville-au-ministere-de-la-defense/ Situs venalis]
* Marceau Ndong Ossa, &quot;[https://lalibreville.com/gabon-le-president-ali-bongo-ondimba-nomme-une-femme-au-poste-de-premier-ministre/ Gabon : Le président Ali Bongo Ondimba nomme une femme au poste de premier ministre]&quot; in ''La Libreville'' (16 Iulii 2020)

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220927161731/http://www.primature.gouv.ga/biographie-du-premier-ministre Vita] apud regimen Gabonense

{{Primi ministri Gabonis}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ossouka Raponda, Rosa Christiana}}
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Gubernatores civitatum]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1963]]
[[Categoria:Oeconomi]]
[[Categoria:Politici Gabonis]]
[[Categoria:Ministri vectigalium]]
[[Categoria:Ministri munitionis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Instituti Oeconomiae Vectigaliumque (Liberopolis)]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2376" sha1="k1qcohty6mede8hdjav0tcknijou5t4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Rosa Christiana}}, vulgo ''Rose Christiane'' '''Ossouka Raponda''' ({{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Francopolis|Francopoli|fr|qid=Q459369}} die [[30 Iunii]] [[1963]] nata) est oeconoma et politica [[Gabon]]is.

Alumna est [[Institutum Oeconomiae Vectigaliumque (Liberopolis)|Instituti Oeconomiae Vectigaliumque]] [[Liberopolis|Liberopoli]] in urbe. Ministra a rationibus publicis fuit annis [[2012]] et 2013, primo ministro [[Raimundus Ndong Sima|Raimundo Ndong Sima]], sed hoc anno exeunte consiliaria municipalis Liberopolis electa est atque anno [[2014]] ineunte praefecta urbis, prima mulierum, acclamata est. In regimen nationale redeuns die [[12 Februarii]] [[2019]] ministra munitionis et securitatis facta est, primo ministro [[Iulianus Nkoghe Bekalé|Iuliano Nkoghe Bekalé]]; sed die [[16 Iulii]] [[2020]] in munus primae ministrae, atque die [[9 Ianuarii]] [[2023]] ad officium praesidis vicariae a praeside [[Ali Bongo]] promota est. 

== Bibliographia ==
* Georges Dougueli, &quot;Gabon: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, le nouveau visage de Libreville&quot; in ''[[Jeune Afrique]]'' (21 Ianuarii 2014) [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/134860/politique/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-le-nouveau-visage-de-libreville/ Situs venalis]
* Romain Gras, &quot;Gabon: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, de la mairie de Libreville au ministère de la Défense&quot; in ''[[Jeune Afrique]]'' (12 Februarii 2019) [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/733652/politique/gabon-rose-christiane-ossouka-raponda-de-la-mairie-de-libreville-au-ministere-de-la-defense/ Situs venalis]
* Marceau Ndong Ossa, &quot;[https://lalibreville.com/gabon-le-president-ali-bongo-ondimba-nomme-une-femme-au-poste-de-premier-ministre/ Gabon : Le président Ali Bongo Ondimba nomme une femme au poste de premier ministre]&quot; in ''La Libreville'' (16 Iulii 2020)

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220927161731/http://www.primature.gouv.ga/biographie-du-premier-ministre Vita] apud regimen Gabonense

{{Primi ministri Gabonis}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ossouka Raponda, Rosa Christiana}}
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Gubernatores civitatum]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1963]]
[[Categoria:Oeconomi]]
[[Categoria:Politici Gabonis]]
[[Categoria:Ministri vectigalium]]
[[Categoria:Ministri munitionis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Instituti Oeconomiae Vectigaliumque (Liberopolis)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maximilianus (sanctus)</title>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1377" sha1="duknpinefczxwdqipkcf1vow6vxfxcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Maximilianus Thevestensis}}{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Urbanus Godofredus Siberus|Urbani Godofredi Siberi|de|qid=Q1274404}} [https://books.google.ru/books?hl=fr&amp;id=P-sWdonaSVoC&amp;q=maximilianus+thevestensis#v=snippet&amp;q=maximilianus%20thevestensis&amp;f=false ''Martyres Divinitatis Christi Testes'' (Lipsiae 1714), 18]. Vel ''Thebestensis''.|2=Q1274404}} (anno [[274]] natus; die [[12 Martii]] [[295]] mortuus) fuit sanctus [[martyr]] Christianus, [[Theveste|Thevestae]] in urbe [[Numidia (provincia Romana)|Numidiae provinciae]], cum [[Persecutio sub Diocletiano|persecutio Christianorum]] [[Diocletianus|Diocletiano]] imperante flagrasset passus. [[Iuvenis]] annos viginti et unum natus in [[militia]]m [[Imperium Romanum|Romanam]] ire [[detrectator militiae|abnegavit]], se militem [[Christus|Christi]] solum esse dicens, et a [[Cassius Dio (consul 291)|Cassio Dione]] [[proconsul]]e capite damnatus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
* [[:s:la:Passio sancti Maximiliani|Passio sancti Maximiliani]] in ''Vicifonte''
* [https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/44700 De Maximiliano Thevestensi] in ''Santi Beati'' {{ling|Italiane}}

{{Anni vitae|274|295|Maximilianus Thevestensis}}
[[Categoria:Martyres]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Numidia]]
[[Categoria:Sancti]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Res/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>309421</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986398</id>
      <parentid>3986310</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T13:54:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis}} */ Minora</comment>
      <origin>3986398</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21213" sha1="jdvft79rzlshez8qae4pl1473bkrzts" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Res
	| Res typis italicis
	| Res de opere
	| Res ad litteram
	| Res ad litteram typisque italicis
	| Res de opere quod sic incipit
	| Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis
	| Subres
	| Res tacita
}}

Hic nonnullae formulae, ad rem in pagina vel in capitulo suo dissertatam indicandam excogitatae (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;...&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;), colliguntur:
* {{Fn|Res}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res typis italicis}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res typis italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res de opere}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res ad litteram}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res ad litteram&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res ad litteram typisque italicis}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res ad litteram typisque italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere quod sic incipit&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Subres}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Subres&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res tacita}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res tacita&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])

Formula usitatissima est {{Fn|Res}}. Si tamen res est ''nomen proprium operis artis'', formula {{Fn|Res de opere}} adhiberi solet. Si res dissertata est barbarice scripta, vel est [[species (taxinomia)|species animalium]], formula {{Fn|Res typis italicis}} scribitur. Si res dissertata est ''initium sententiae'', ad verba intra virgulas curvas ostendenda, mos est formulis {{Fn|Res ad litteram}} aut {{Fn|Res ad litteram typisque italicis}} uti, prout qua lingua pagina scripta sit. Porro, si res dissertata est ''nomen operis artis quod titulum e primis verbis trahit'', formulae {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit}} aut {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis}} usurpantur, prout qua lingua opus scriptum sit. Si ''rem in media pagina sine capitulo suo dissertatam'' scribere vis, utere formula {{Fn|Subres}}. Si autem rem typis ordinariis, a te melius intra formulam definitis, scribere vis, utere formula {{Fn|Res tacita}}.

Nonnullae ex his formulis titulus peculiaribus typis requirunt:

* Formulae {{Fn|Res typis italicis}} et {{Fn|Res de opere}} unā cum {{Fn|Titulus italicus}} adhiberi solent
* Formulae {{Fn|Res ad litteram}} et {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit}} unā cum {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}} adhiberi solet
* Formulae {{Fn|Res ad litteram typisque italicis}} et {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis}} unā cum {{Fn|Titulus italicus ad litteram}} adhiberi solet

{{Nota bene}} Si plura de nota HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;...&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; legere vis, vide [[#De nota HTML|infra]])

{{Nota bene}} Si argumentum {{para|style}} uti vis, vide formulam {{Fn|Dfn}}.

== {{[[Formula:Res#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|gdfn}}

Utere hac formula ut rem ordinariam in pagina vel in capitulo suo dissertatam scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''...'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Sgr A*|plene=Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Sgr A*|plene=Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.

Exemplum usus formulae {{Fn|Res}} una cum formulis {{Fn|tres}} et {{Fn|Subres}}:
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|res/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res typis italicis#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res typis italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res typis italicis]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|ires|res italice|gidfn|igdfn}}

Utere hac formula ut rem dissertata typis italicis—{{*eg}} quia verba barbara, vel citatio, vel [[adagium]], etc.—scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''...'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{ires|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{ires|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{ires|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{ires|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res typis italicis|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|ires/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res de opere#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res de opere]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|ores}}
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Opera omnia|{{#ifeq:{{Haec formula}}|Res de opere|#}}propositum=exhibitio}}

Utere hac formula ut nomen proprium dissertatum scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

Paginae quae hac formula utuntur in [[:Categoria:Opera]] numerantur.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''...'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{ores|Vertigo}} est pellicula anno 1958 edita.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{ores|propositum=exhibitio|Vertigo}} est pellicula anno 1958 edita.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{ores|Dr. Strangelove|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb}} est pellicula anno 1964 edita&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{ores|propositum=exhibitio|Dr. Strangelove|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb}} est pellicula anno 1964 edita

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|ores/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res ad litteram#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res ad litteram&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res ad litteram]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|lres}}

Utere hac formula ut rem dissertatam ad litteram ({{*ie}} intra virgulas curvas) scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;“&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;”&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Saepe unā cum {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}} haec formula adhiberi solet.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;“'''...'''”&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lres|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lres|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lres|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lres|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res typis italicis|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|lres/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res ad litteram typisque italicis#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res ad litteram typisque italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res ad litteram typisque italicis]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|lires}}

Utere hac formula ut rem dissertatam ad litteram typisque italicis—{{*eg}} quia verba barbara, vel citatio, vel [[adagium]], etc.—scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;“&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;”&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Saepe unā cum {{Fn|Titulus italicus ad litteram}} haec formula adhiberi solet.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;“'''''...'''''”&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lires|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lires|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lires|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lires|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res typis italicis|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|lires/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res de opere quod sic incipit#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere quod sic incipit&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res de opere quod sic incipit]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|lores|res incipit}}
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Opera omnia|{{#ifeq:{{Haec formula}}|Res de opere quod sic incipit|#}}propositum=exhibitio}}

Utere hac formula ut rem de opere quod titulum e primis verbis trahit ({{*ie}} intra virgulas curvas inclusis) scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;“&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;”&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Saepe unā cum {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}} haec formula adhiberi solet.

Paginae quae hac formula utuntur in [[:Categoria:Opera]] numerantur.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;“'''...'''”&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lores|Spe salvi}} [[incipit]] secunda [[encyclicae|encyclica epistula]] pontificatus [[Papa]]e [[Benedictus XVI| Benedicti XVI]].&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lores|Spe salvi|propositum=exhibitio}} [[incipit]] secunda [[encyclicae|encyclica epistula]] pontificatus [[Papa]]e [[Benedictus XVI| Benedicti XVI]].

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere quod sic incipit|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|lores/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|loires}}
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Opera omnia|{{#ifeq:{{Haec formula}}|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis|#}}propositum=exhibitio}}

Utere hac formula ut rem de opere quod titulum e primis verbis trahit ({{*ie}} intra virgulas curvas inclusis) scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;“&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;”&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Saepe unā cum {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}} haec formula adhiberi solet.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;“'''''...'''''”&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{loires|Laudato si'|lingua=it}} [[incipit]] secunda [[papa]]e [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisci]] [[Epistula Encyclica|epistula encyclica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{loires|Laudato si'|lingua=it|propositum=exhibitio}} [[incipit]] secunda [[papa]]e [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisci]] [[Epistula Encyclica|epistula encyclica]]

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|loires/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Subres#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Subres&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Subres]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|idfn}}

Utere hac formula ut ''rem in media pagina sine capitulo suo dissertatam'' scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''...''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis definitionis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subres|Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{subres|Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subres|Sgr A*|plene=Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{subres|Sgr A*|plene=Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.

Exemplum usus formulae {{Fn|Res}} una cum formulis {{Fn|tres}} et {{Fn|Subres}}:
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...

== {{[[Formula:Res tacita#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res tacita&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res tacita]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|tres|tdfn}}

Utere hac formula ut rem dissertatam, '''typis ordinariis a te melius intra formulam definitis''', scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;...vel {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}} est...&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ ...vel {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}} est...

Exemplum usus formulae {{Fn|Res}} una cum formulis {{Fn|tres}} et {{Fn|Subres}}:
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...

== De argumentis ==
&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula rem dissertatam scribit.&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Res&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Res hic dissertata&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Sgr A*&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;plene&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Plene&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Plenum lemma si |1= est forma compendiaria&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Sagittarius A*&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;ancora&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Ancora&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Attributio HTML ‘id’&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;sgr-a&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;class&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Classis HTML&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Attributio HTML ‘class’&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;glossema&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;lingua&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Tessera linguae&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Attributio HTML ‘lang’&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;en-GB&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== De nota HTML &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dfn&amp;gt;...&amp;lt;/dfn&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; ==
Consortium [[WHATWG]] sic notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; definivit (Anglice):

{{Citatio | 1 =
The &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#represents represents] the defining instance of a term. The [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#paragraph paragraph], [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-dl-element description list group], or [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#sectioning-content-2 section] that is the nearest ancestor of the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element must also contain the definition(s) for the [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#defining-term term] given by the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element.

&lt;dfn&gt;Defining term&lt;/dfn&gt;: if the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element has a &lt;dfn data-dfn-for=&quot;dfn&quot; data-dfn-type=&quot;element-attr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt; attribute, then the exact value of that attribute is the term being defined. Otherwise, if it contains exactly one element child node and no child &lt;code&gt;[https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-text Text]&lt;/code&gt; nodes, and that child element is an &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element abbr]&lt;/code&gt; element with a &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#attr-abbr-title title]&lt;/code&gt; attribute, then the exact value of ''that'' attribute is the term being defined. Otherwise, it is the [https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-descendant-text-content descendant text content] of the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element that gives the term being defined.

{{NB|Note:}} If the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#attr-dfn-title title]&lt;/code&gt; attribute of the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element is present, then it must contain only the term being defined.

The &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#attr-title title]&lt;/code&gt; attribute of ancestor elements does not affect &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; elements.

An &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element a]&lt;/code&gt; element that links to a &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element represents an instance of the term defined by the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element.
| 2 = HTML Standard, § [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element The &lt;code&gt;dfn&lt;/code&gt; element]
}}

Apud has formulas attributio &lt;code&gt;title&lt;/code&gt; appellatur {{para|plene}}.

== Subformulae humanae ==
* {{Fn|Res/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res typis italicis/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res de opere/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res ad litteram/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res ad litteram typisque italicis/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis/haec}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* [[:Categoria:Formulae lemmatum definitorum]]
* {{Fn|Dfn}}
* {{Fn|Titulus italicus}}
* {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}}
* {{Fn|Titulus italicus ad litteram}}
* {{Fn|Var}}
* {{Fn|Abbr}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae scholiasticae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae typographicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae lemmatum definitorum|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jdvft79rzlshez8qae4pl1473bkrzts</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986529</id>
      <parentid>3986398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:57:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3986529</origin>
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      <text bytes="21213" sha1="kuta6oq8ol6jjext5y2gxyktu99dsmo" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Res
	| Res typis italicis
	| Res de opere
	| Res ad litteram
	| Res ad litteram typisque italicis
	| Res de opere quod sic incipit
	| Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis
	| Subres
	| Res tacita
}}

Hic nonnullae formulae, ad rem in pagina vel in capitulo suo dissertatam indicandam excogitatae (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;...&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;), colliguntur:
* {{Fn|Res}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res typis italicis}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res typis italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res de opere}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res ad litteram}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res ad litteram&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res ad litteram typisque italicis}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res ad litteram typisque italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere quod sic incipit&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Subres}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Subres&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])
* {{Fn|Res tacita}} ([[#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res tacita&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|de usu]])

Formula usitatissima est {{Fn|Res}}. Si tamen res est ''nomen proprium operis artis'', formula {{Fn|Res de opere}} adhiberi solet. Si res dissertata est barbarice scripta, vel est [[species (taxinomia)|species biologica]], formula {{Fn|Res typis italicis}} scribitur. Si res dissertata est ''initium sententiae'', ad verba intra virgulas curvas ostendenda, mos est formulis {{Fn|Res ad litteram}} aut {{Fn|Res ad litteram typisque italicis}} uti, prout qua lingua pagina scripta sit. Porro, si res dissertata est ''nomen operis artis quod titulum e primis verbis trahit'', formulae {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit}} aut {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis}} usurpantur, prout qua lingua opus scriptum sit. Si ''rem in media pagina sine capitulo suo dissertatam'' scribere vis, utere formula {{Fn|Subres}}. Si autem rem typis ordinariis, a te melius intra formulam definitis, scribere vis, utere formula {{Fn|Res tacita}}.

Nonnullae ex his formulis titulus peculiaribus typis requirunt:

* Formulae {{Fn|Res typis italicis}} et {{Fn|Res de opere}} unā cum {{Fn|Titulus italicus}} adhiberi solent
* Formulae {{Fn|Res ad litteram}} et {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit}} unā cum {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}} adhiberi solet
* Formulae {{Fn|Res ad litteram typisque italicis}} et {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis}} unā cum {{Fn|Titulus italicus ad litteram}} adhiberi solet

{{Nota bene}} Si plura de nota HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;...&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; legere vis, vide [[#De nota HTML|infra]])

{{Nota bene}} Si argumentum {{para|style}} uti vis, vide formulam {{Fn|Dfn}}.

== {{[[Formula:Res#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|gdfn}}

Utere hac formula ut rem ordinariam in pagina vel in capitulo suo dissertatam scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''...'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Sgr A*|plene=Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Sgr A*|plene=Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.

Exemplum usus formulae {{Fn|Res}} una cum formulis {{Fn|tres}} et {{Fn|Subres}}:
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|res/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res typis italicis#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res typis italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res typis italicis]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|ires|res italice|gidfn|igdfn}}

Utere hac formula ut rem dissertata typis italicis—{{*eg}} quia verba barbara, vel citatio, vel [[adagium]], etc.—scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''...'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{ires|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{ires|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{ires|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{ires|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res typis italicis|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|ires/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res de opere#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res de opere]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|ores}}
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Opera omnia|{{#ifeq:{{Haec formula}}|Res de opere|#}}propositum=exhibitio}}

Utere hac formula ut nomen proprium dissertatum scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

Paginae quae hac formula utuntur in [[:Categoria:Opera]] numerantur.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''...'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{ores|Vertigo}} est pellicula anno 1958 edita.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{ores|propositum=exhibitio|Vertigo}} est pellicula anno 1958 edita.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{ores|Dr. Strangelove|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb}} est pellicula anno 1964 edita&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{ores|propositum=exhibitio|Dr. Strangelove|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb}} est pellicula anno 1964 edita

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|ores/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res ad litteram#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res ad litteram&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res ad litteram]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|lres}}

Utere hac formula ut rem dissertatam ad litteram ({{*ie}} intra virgulas curvas) scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;“&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;”&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Saepe unā cum {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}} haec formula adhiberi solet.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;“'''...'''”&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lres|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lres|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lres|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lres|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res typis italicis|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|lres/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res ad litteram typisque italicis#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res ad litteram typisque italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res ad litteram typisque italicis]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|lires}}

Utere hac formula ut rem dissertatam ad litteram typisque italicis—{{*eg}} quia verba barbara, vel citatio, vel [[adagium]], etc.—scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;“&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;”&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Saepe unā cum {{Fn|Titulus italicus ad litteram}} haec formula adhiberi solet.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;“'''''...'''''”&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lires|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lires|Si tibi placet}} est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lires|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lires|S.T.B.|plene=Si tibi placet}} ({{i|si tibi placet}}) est idioma Latinum quod spontem in cuiusdam actione indicat.

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res typis italicis|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|lires/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res de opere quod sic incipit#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere quod sic incipit&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res de opere quod sic incipit]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|lores|res incipit}}
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Opera omnia|{{#ifeq:{{Haec formula}}|Res de opere quod sic incipit|#}}propositum=exhibitio}}

Utere hac formula ut rem de opere quod titulum e primis verbis trahit ({{*ie}} intra virgulas curvas inclusis) scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;“&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;”&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Saepe unā cum {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}} haec formula adhiberi solet.

Paginae quae hac formula utuntur in [[:Categoria:Opera]] numerantur.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;“'''...'''”&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{lores|Spe salvi}} [[incipit]] secunda [[encyclicae|encyclica epistula]] pontificatus [[Papa]]e [[Benedictus XVI| Benedicti XVI]].&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{lores|Spe salvi|propositum=exhibitio}} [[incipit]] secunda [[encyclicae|encyclica epistula]] pontificatus [[Papa]]e [[Benedictus XVI| Benedicti XVI]].

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere quod sic incipit|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|lores/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|loires}}
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Opera omnia|{{#ifeq:{{Haec formula}}|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis|#}}propositum=exhibitio}}

Utere hac formula ut rem de opere quod titulum e primis verbis trahit ({{*ie}} intra virgulas curvas inclusis) scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;“&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;”&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Saepe unā cum {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}} haec formula adhiberi solet.

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;“'''''...'''''”&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis principis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{loires|Laudato si'|lingua=it}} [[incipit]] secunda [[papa]]e [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisci]] [[Epistula Encyclica|epistula encyclica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{loires|Laudato si'|lingua=it|propositum=exhibitio}} [[incipit]] secunda [[papa]]e [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisci]] [[Epistula Encyclica|epistula encyclica]]

{{vsep}}

{{NB}} Si &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile inserere vis, tantummodo scribe &lt;code&gt;{{Fsn|loires/h}}&lt;/code&gt;.

== {{[[Formula:Subres#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Subres&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Subres]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|idfn}}

Utere hac formula ut ''rem in media pagina sine capitulo suo dissertatam'' scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

{{NB}} Haec formula non est in locum &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''...''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ''in aliis casibus'' substituenda, sed est adhibenda in casu lemmatis definitionis tantum.

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subres|Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{subres|Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subres|Sgr A*|plene=Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{subres|Sgr A*|plene=Sagittarius A*}} est foramen nigrum supermassivum in centro Viae lacteae situm.

Exemplum usus formulae {{Fn|Res}} una cum formulis {{Fn|tres}} et {{Fn|Subres}}:
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...

== {{[[Formula:Res tacita#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;Res tacita&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|Res tacita]]}} ==
{{Compendia formulae|tres|tdfn}}

Utere hac formula ut rem dissertatam, '''typis ordinariis a te melius intra formulam definitis''', scribas (per notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

=== De usu ===
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;...vel {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}} est...&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ ...vel {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}} est...

Exemplum usus formulae {{Fn|Res}} una cum formulis {{Fn|tres}} et {{Fn|Subres}}:
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{res|Computatrum}}, sive {{tres|(instrumentum) '''computatorium'''}}, sive {{res|ordinatrum}}, est machina digitalis et electronica ... {{subres|Apparatus computatralis}} est congeries elementorum quae computatrum formant ...

== De argumentis ==
&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula rem dissertatam scribit.&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Res&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Res hic dissertata&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Sgr A*&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;plene&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Plene&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Plenum lemma si |1= est forma compendiaria&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Sagittarius A*&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;ancora&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Ancora&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Attributio HTML ‘id’&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;sgr-a&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;class&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Classis HTML&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Attributio HTML ‘class’&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;glossema&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;lingua&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Tessera linguae&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Attributio HTML ‘lang’&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;en-GB&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== De nota HTML &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dfn&amp;gt;...&amp;lt;/dfn&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; ==
Consortium [[WHATWG]] sic notam HTML &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;...&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; definivit (Anglice):

{{Citatio | 1 =
The &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#represents represents] the defining instance of a term. The [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#paragraph paragraph], [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-dl-element description list group], or [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#sectioning-content-2 section] that is the nearest ancestor of the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element must also contain the definition(s) for the [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#defining-term term] given by the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element.

&lt;dfn&gt;Defining term&lt;/dfn&gt;: if the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element has a &lt;dfn data-dfn-for=&quot;dfn&quot; data-dfn-type=&quot;element-attr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt; attribute, then the exact value of that attribute is the term being defined. Otherwise, if it contains exactly one element child node and no child &lt;code&gt;[https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-text Text]&lt;/code&gt; nodes, and that child element is an &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element abbr]&lt;/code&gt; element with a &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#attr-abbr-title title]&lt;/code&gt; attribute, then the exact value of ''that'' attribute is the term being defined. Otherwise, it is the [https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-descendant-text-content descendant text content] of the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element that gives the term being defined.

{{NB|Note:}} If the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#attr-dfn-title title]&lt;/code&gt; attribute of the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element is present, then it must contain only the term being defined.

The &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#attr-title title]&lt;/code&gt; attribute of ancestor elements does not affect &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; elements.

An &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element a]&lt;/code&gt; element that links to a &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element represents an instance of the term defined by the &lt;code&gt;[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element dfn]&lt;/code&gt; element.
| 2 = HTML Standard, § [https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element The &lt;code&gt;dfn&lt;/code&gt; element]
}}

Apud has formulas attributio &lt;code&gt;title&lt;/code&gt; appellatur {{para|plene}}.

== Subformulae humanae ==
* {{Fn|Res/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res typis italicis/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res de opere/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res ad litteram/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res ad litteram typisque italicis/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis/haec}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* [[:Categoria:Formulae lemmatum definitorum]]
* {{Fn|Dfn}}
* {{Fn|Titulus italicus}}
* {{Fn|Titulus ad litteram}}
* {{Fn|Titulus italicus ad litteram}}
* {{Fn|Var}}
* {{Fn|Abbr}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae scholiasticae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae typographicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae lemmatum definitorum|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kuta6oq8ol6jjext5y2gxyktu99dsmo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sylvia Retailleau</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>310621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986519</id>
      <parentid>3927438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:47:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1747" sha1="oi10vobq44hn5mv2lsomud2iyou9cdw" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Sylvia Retailleau}}, nomine nativo vulgari ''Sylvie Valérie Galdin'' ([[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaea]]e in urbe nata die [[24 Februarii]] [[1965]]) est [[politica]] [[Francia]]e. In urbe nativa, deinde [[Telo Martius|Telone Martio]] apud [[Lyceum Dumont d'Urville]] erudita est. Alumna est [[Universitas Parisiensis XI|Universitatis Parisiensis XI]], ubi {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Scientia physica|scientiae physicae|en|qid=Q14632398}} studuit: ibidem postea [[professor]] fuit, et ab anno [[2016]] praeses universitatis. Die [[20 Maii]] [[2022]] ministra ab eruditione superiore creata est, [[primus minister|prima ministra]] [[Elisabetha Borne]]; quod officium retinuit sub primo ministro [[Gabriel Attal|Gabriele Attal]] usque ad [[21 Septembris]] [[2024]].

== Bibliographia ==
* Emma Ferrand, Wally Bordas, &quot;[https://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/qui-est-sylvie-retailleau-nommee-ministre-de-l-enseignement-superieur_3291d160-d839-11ec-b787-e4a39e8e7cef/ Qui est Sylvie Retailleau, nommée ministre de l’Enseignement supérieur?]&quot; in ''[[Le Figaro]] étudiant'' (20 Maii 2022)
* Tristan Quinault-Maupoil, &quot;[https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/la-ministre-sylvie-retailleau-a-presente-sa-demission-refusee-par-l-elysee-et-matignon-20231221 Loi immigration : la ministre Sylvie Retailleau a présenté sa démission, refusée par l’Élysée et Matignon]&quot; in ''[[Le Figaro]]'' (21 Decembris 2023)

{{Ministri Francici Borne}}
{{Ministri Francici Attal}}
{{Ministri eruditionis superioris Francici}}

{{Anni vitae|1965||Retailleau, Sylvia}}
[[Categoria:Ministri eruditionis]]
[[Categoria:Physici Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Politici Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Parisiensis]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Myosinum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>311137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986514</id>
      <parentid>3986250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:42:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986514</origin>
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      <text bytes="3053" sha1="gfhdsx5bgs62wygq8v26knzf8folnpw" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Miosin conformational change.gif|thumb|Myosinum in actu.]]

{{res|Myosinum}} (a radice Graeca ''myo-'' '[[musculus|musculus]]') est familia [[proteina|proteinarum]] motoriarum quae [[ATP]] [[hydrolysis|hydrolyzant]] atque [[energia|energia]] ita liberata utuntur ad [[vis|vim]] [[actinum|actini]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Myofilamentum|filamentis|en|qid=Q6947920}} adhibendam ac [[motus|motum]] efficiendum. Sive [[dimerum (chemia)|dimerum]] sive monomerum esse potestː cum dimerum, caudam praebet e duabus catenis polypeptidicis invicem circumvolutis constantem quarum utraque caput globosum in diversam directionem spectans gerit. Illa capita loca praestant quae ATP et actinum ligant. In [[myocytus|myocytorum]] [[sarcomerum|sarcomeris]] [[molecula|moleculae]] myosini in crassa filamenta conglutinantur e quibus capita extrinsecus spectant ita ut cum tenuibus filamentis actini certo ordine alternent et contractum musculi efficere possint. Alia myosina sunt monomera quae vesiculas intracellulares in microfilamentis vehuntː magni momenti sunt in [[endocytosis|endocytosi]] et [[exocytosis|exocytosi]]. E tenui cauda et capite globoso constant.

== De structura moleculari ==
[[Fasciculus:Sarcomere.svg|thumb|Sarcomerum in musculoː crassa filamenta myosini rubeo colore insignia sunt inter caerulea filamenta actini.]]
[[Fasciculus:Myosine.gif|thumb|Dimerum myosini II.]]
Sunt plures quam viginti myosinorum species quae in paene omnibus [[Eukaryota|eukaryotarum]] cellulis versantur&lt;ref&gt;M. Amanda Hartman and James A. Spudich, &quot;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3346823/ The myosin superfamily at a glance]&quot;, ''J Cell Sci.'', 2012 : 1627–1632.&lt;/ref&gt;. In myocytis myosinum II [[Massa|massam]] 540 chilodaltonum habet. Molecula tripertita estː cauda duplicis helicis speciem praebet, collum helicis simplicis quae tamen saepe levibus catenis circumvolutis firmatur, caput in quo [[Chemia|chemicae]] [[Reactio chemica|reactiones]] geruntur globosum est. Collum instar [[Vectis|vectis]] agit atque capitis motum amplificat ita ut alternatim actino adhaereat ac deinde removeatur et progrediens alteri loco longius in eodem filamento adhaereat.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes ==
* Charlotte Pratt et Kathleen Cornely,  ''Essential Biochemistry'', Wiley, 2018ː V.3. In versione Francogallica, De Boeck, 2019 pp.141-144.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* F. Jon Kull et Sharyn A. Endow, &quot;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603507/ Force generation by kinesin and myosin cytoskeletal motor proteins]&quot;, ''Journal of Cell Science'', 2013: 9–19.

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240130153911/https://svt.enseigne.ac-lyon.fr/spip/?Mouvements-de-la-myosine-sur-l-actine Myosinum et actinum (Francogallice)]
* [https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?&amp;q=myosine&amp;qpvt=myosine&amp;mid=3D0E6CC3F6C2950E00C63D0E6CC3F6C2950E00C6&amp;&amp;FORM=VRDGAR Lectio audienda et videnda]

[[Categoria:Proteinae]]
[[Categoria:Cytologia]]
[[Categoria:Biochemia]]
[[Categoria:Musculi]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iugum Lichense</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>311834</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986517</id>
      <parentid>3928456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:45:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986517</origin>
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      <text bytes="2035" sha1="lmr0p4jc786bk50n5820t5iv9h5sk2b" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Crest of Mount Surham - Ainsworth William Francis - 1870.jpg|thumb|In montibus Suramensibus (pictura e libro {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Guilielmus Franciscus Ainsworth|Guilielmi Francisci Ainsworth|en|qid=Q977072}}, 1870).]]

{{res|Iugum Lichense}}&lt;ref&gt;{{ZK|Лихский хребет}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Georgiane]] ლიხის ქედი) vel {{res|plene=Iugum Suramense|Suramense}}&lt;ref&gt;Confer [[binomen|binomina]] ''Calliandra suramensis, Carabus puschkini suramensis, Bathysciola suramensis, Quedius suramensis''.&lt;/ref&gt; est pars montium [[Caucasus|Caucasi]], iugum, quod [[Caucasus Maior|Caucasum Maiorem]] et [[Caucasus Minor|Caucasum Minorem]] coniungit per terras [[Georgia]]e et [[Ossetia Meridionalis|Ossetiae Meridionalis]]. A monte ''Tadikusan'' prope ad [[iugum Principale|iugum Principale]] sito per confinium Georgiae et Ossetiae Meridionalis ad austroccidentem tenditur, Georgiam transgreditur et cum [[iugum Mescheticum|iugo Meschetico]] Caucasi Minoris coniungitur; [[divortium aquarum]] fluminum [[Phasis (flumen)|Phasidis]] et [[Cyrus (flumen)|Cyri]] est et [[Transcaucasia]]m dimidiat, in Transcaucasiam Orientalem et Occidentalem dividens. In Georgia regiones historicae [[Imerethia]] et [[Carthlia]] iugo Lichensi divisae sunt. 

Cacumen iugi Lichensis altissimum ''Lochoni'' mons est, 1926 [[metrum|m]] altus. [[Transitus]] Suramensis trans iugum ducit, prope ad eum [[Cuniculus (aedificium)|cuniculus]] Suramensis [[ferrivia]]rius anno [[1890]] constructus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [http://bse.sci-lib.com/article107746.html Iugum Lichense] in ''Encyclopaedia Sovietica magna'' {{ling|Russice}}
* [[:s:ru:ЭСБЕ/Сурамский хребет|Iugum Lichense]] in ''[[Lexicon encyclopaedicum Brockhaus et Efron|Lexico encyclopaedico Brockhaus et Efron]]'' {{ling|Russice}} 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lichense, iugum}}

[[Categoria:Montes Caucasi]]
[[Categoria:Montes Georgiae]]\
[[Categoria:Ossetia Meridionalis]]
[[Categoria:Imerethia]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Res de opere/haec/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>312744</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986407</id>
      <parentid>3981849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:42:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ulteriora si cupis */ +{{[[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986407</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2576" sha1="ga46o4f67e59dsamxwtzhyeld7r8a65" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria|...}}
{{Formula humana}}
{{Compendia substitutionis|ores/h|res de opere/h}}

Utere hac [[Vicipaedia:Substitutio|substitutione]] auxiliari ut &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere|{{subst:ARTICLEPAGENAME}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; facile scribas.

== De usu ==
Haec pagina omnia argumenta formulae {{Fn|Res de opere}} et suum argumentum {{para|substitutio|plena}} accipit.

Exempli gratia, cum in pagina “[[Iesus de cruce demissus]]” adhibeatur:
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:ores/h}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere|Iesus de cruce demissus}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*:: ↳ {{Res de opere|propositum=exhibitio|Iesus de cruce demissus}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:ores/h|substitutio=plena}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;Iesus de cruce demissus&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*:: ↳ {{Res de opere|propositum=exhibitio|Iesus de cruce demissus}}

Cum in pagina “[[Dr. Strangelove]]” adhibeatur:
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:ores/h|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Res de opere|Dr. Strangelove|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*:: ↳ {{Res de opere|propositum=exhibitio|Dr. Strangelove|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:ores/h|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb|substitutio=plena}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;dfn style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb&quot;&gt;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;Dr. Strangelove&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*:: ↳ {{Res de opere|propositum=exhibitio|Dr. Strangelove|plene=Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb}}

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|Res de opere/Haec}}
* {{Fsn|Res de opere/h}}
* {{Fsn|Res de opere/H}}
* {{Fsn|Ores/haec}}
* {{Fsn|Ores/Haec}}
* {{Fsn|Ores/h}}
* {{Fsn|Ores/H}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Formula:Res de opere}}
* {{Fn|Res/haec}}
* {{Fn|Res de opere}}</text>
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    <title>Navigatio sancti Brendani</title>
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      <parentid>3842629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:43:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2519" sha1="9n1o6oz8jau2rkwz9tkb8dj5ymcqn3w" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus italicus}}[[Fasciculus:Faroe stamp 253 Europe and the Discoveries.jpg|thumb|Sanctus Brendanus cum sociis et mons ingnifer (pittacium cursuale [[Faeroae|insularum Faeroarum)]]]]
'''''Navigatio sancti Brendani''''' est fabula Latina auctoris incogniti, a [[saeculum 10|saeculo decimo]] in manuscriptis nota. [[Genus litterarum|Generi litterarum]] [[Hibernia|Hibernico]] ''immram'' simillima est. 

Sanctus [[Brendanus Navigator]] [[abbas]] [[Clonfertia]]e [[saeculum 6|saeculi sexti]] fuit, qui navigationi operam dabat et multa monasteria in insulis inter [[Hibernia]]m et [[Scotia]]m condidit. ''Navigatio'' narrat de itinere fabuloso, quod ille in Oceanum occidentalem cum 60 sociis fecit, dum paradisum et ''Terram repromissionis'' quaerebat, et multa mirabilia in maribus incognitis vidit.

[[Medio aevo]] in multis linguis fabula conversa erat.

==Editiones recentiores==

* Carl Selmer (ed.): Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis. From Early Latin manuscripts edited with introduction and notes by Carl Selmer (= University of Notre Dame Publications in Mediaeval Studies. Band 16). University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame (Indiana) 1959 (Latine et Anglice).
* John J. O’Meara: The Voyage of Saint Brendan: Journey to the Promised Land. Dolmen Press, Dublini 1978 (Latine, editio critica).
* Giovanni Orlandi, Rossana E. Guglielmetti (ed.): Navigatio sancti Brendani. Alla scoperta dei segreti meravigliosi del mondo. Edizione critica a cura di Giovanni Orlandi e Rossana E. Guglielmetti. Introduzione di Rossana E. Guglielmetti. Traduzione italiana e commento di Giovanni Orlandi (= Per verba. Band 30). Società internazionale per lo studio del medioevo latino (SISMEL), Edizioni del Galluzzo, Florentiae 2014, ISBN 978-88-8450-556-9 (Latine et Italice, editio critica cum notis).
* Giovanni Orlandi, Rossana E. Guglielmetti. Testo critico di Giovanni Orlandi e Rossana E. Guglielmetti (ed.): Navigatio sancti Brendani. Editio maior a cura di Rossana E. Guglielmetti (= Millennio medievale. Band 114). Società internazionale per lo studio del medioevo latino (SISMEL), Edizioni del Galluzzo, Florentiae 2017, ISBN 978-88-8450-801-0 (Latine et Italice, editio critica)

==Nexus externi==
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Navigatio-Brendani ''Britannica'' de ''Navigatione'']
* [[:s:la:Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis|''Navigatio'']] in ''Vicifonte''

[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]
[[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 10]]
[[Categoria:Libri de peregrinationibus]]
[[Categoria:Itinera ficta]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gisella Mozeria</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>~</comment>
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      <text bytes="4314" sha1="1fxdcmh3jyooy2w0gktqtc3kcf4y34a" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}
'''Gisella Mózer''' ([[Hungarice]] ''Mózer Gizella Anna,'' nata in [[Hungaria]] die [[20 Martii]] [[1943]]) est [[artifex]] Hungarica, praeclara in [[ars tapisserii|arte tapisserii]],{{dubsig}} [[broderia]]e,{{dubsig}} et [[gobelinus|gobelini]].{{dubsig}} Una e praestantissimis artibus textilibus in patria habetur, cuius opera rationes a posteris traditas cum proprietatibus hodiernis iungunt, stilum singularem et agnitum creando.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.libri.hu/konyv/kaiser_otto.a-magyar-nepmuveszet-1000-csodaja.html Kaiser Ottó: A magyar népművészet 1000 csodája Könyv, Kaiser Ottó.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Szendrey Ákos, Szendrey Zsigmond: Magyar néphit- és népszokás lexikon (2024, Tortoma Kiadó).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/results?firstName=gizella&amp;lastName=mozer Gizella Mozer Family History Records - Ancestry®].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://magyar-iparmuveszet.hu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/MI_2022_1_WEB.pdf magyar-iparmuveszet.hu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/MI_2022_1_WEB.pdf].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Adulescentia et formatio ==
Gisella in Hungaria nata est, ubi in ambitu [[ars|artibus]] et creativitati{{dubsig}} faventi crevit. Ab ipso [[pueritia]]e tempore, studium ad artes textiles demonstravit, broderiam, [[sutura]]m, et [[crotchium]]{{dubsig}} discens. Hae primae [[experientia]]e fundamentum futurae artis vitae eius posuerunt, eamque in altam artium textilium explorationem duxerunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Formavit{{dubsig}}&lt;!--Anglice 'She shaped/arranged/regulated herself'--&gt; se per [[disciplina]]m specialem{{dubsig}}, artes suas et rationem technicam evolvens, dum varias accessiones [[traditio]]nales [[tapisserium|tapisserii]]{{dubsig}} et [[broderia]]e{{dubsig}} studiut.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Carriera{{dubsig}} artifica{{dubsig}} ==
=== Ars Gobelini{{dubsig}} ===
Gisella est una ex maximis artificibus hodierni [[gobelinum|gobelini]]{{dubsig}} in Hungaria. Carriera{{dubsig}} eius celeriter eminet ob facultatem suam ad adaptandas technicas tapisserii traditas ad formas contemporaneas. Opus eius saepe plenum est divitiis [[oculus|oculorum]] et complexitatis{{dubsig}} technicae, quae eam in hoc campo eminentem faciunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Multam vitae suae partem artifex gobelinum Hungaricum traditum interpretando dedicavit, dum elementa hodierna inserendo, [[vocabularium]] oculorum huius artis latius extendit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Coniunctio technicarum traditionum et hodiernarum ===
Gisellam a ceteris artifex distinguit; est eius facultas combinandi{{dubsig}} technicas [[antiquitas|antiquas]] cum curis hodiernis. Audet mixturam tapisserii gobelini cum elementis [[sculptura]]e et influentiis{{dubsig}} visualibus{{dubsig}} motuum artium hodiernorum. Haec accessio unica ei permittit creandi{{dubsig}} opera quae normas provocatione attingunt, dum [[traditio]]nes artis textile{{dubsig}} servat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Stilus et influencia{{dubsig}} ==
Gisella est agnita{{dubsig}} pro stilo suo distinctivo, qui formas geometrico-complexas, subtili [[color]]um usu et textura diviti, quae profunditatem operibus suis dat, characterizat{{dubsig}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tapisseriae eius non sunt tantum ornamenta decorativa, sed etiam artificia profunda significabilia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Illam influentiam{{dubsig}} multi artifices in Hungaria et alicubi inveniunt in eius operibus, quae fontem inspirationis praebet pro propriis artibus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Exhibitiones et recognitio ==
Durante carriera{{dubsig}} sua, Gisella opera sua in multis [[exhibitio]]nibus in Hungaria et alicubi ostendit. Opus eius a criticis laudatur, et multa praemia accepit pro contributione{{dubsig}} sua ad artem textilibus et tapisserii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Est etiam implicata in [[doctrina]] aliorum artificum et in consiliis educationalibus, suam peritiam et [[experientia]]m cum iuvenibus generationibus{{dubsig}} [[communicatio|communicando]].

== Conclusio{{dubsig}} ==
Gisella una ex artificibus maximis in arte textili manet.&lt;!--Sez who? (Fons?)--&gt; Facultas sua ad traditionem et modernitatem coniungendas, necnon eius studium ad artem gobelini{{dubsig}} servandum et reinveniendo, eam faciunt figuram{{dubsig}} interiorem in arte Hungarica et inter gentes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;{{dubcat}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:06:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MGEdit61</username>
        <id>214456</id>
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      <text bytes="1694" sha1="jm262prui6a4nz5bkctuly9vn78hq9g" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}'''Gizella''' '''Anna Mózer'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.discogs.com/artist/18222768-Gizella-M%C3%B3zer Gizella Mózer Discography: Vinyl, CDs, &amp; More | Discogs]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://resolver.pim.hu/auth/PIM2766870&lt;/ref&gt; (nata die XX mensis Martii anno MCMXLIII) est nobilis Hungara et artifex textilis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ea ex nobili familia Mózer comitatus Krassó-Szörény oriunda est, familia historico insigni gentilicio praedita.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hacstortenete.hupont.hu/125/mozer-csalad • Mózer család]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Kempelen-kempelen-bela-magyar-nemes-csaladok-1/7-kotet-C47F/mozer-D9A4/ Mozer. | Kempelen Béla: Magyar nemes családok | Kézikönyvtár]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mózer munere praepositae personarum apud Cooperativum Ferro-Electricum in Vecsés functa est, ubi per plus quam decem annos rebus ad personas et administrationem pertinentibus praefuit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://newspapers.arcanum.com/en/view/GyorSopronMegyeiHirlap_1952_09/?query=M%C3%B3zer+Gizella&amp;pg=89&amp;layout=s Győr-Sopronmegyei Hírlap, 1952. szeptember (8. évfolyam, 205-229. szám) | Arcanum Newspapers]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1976_02/?pg=127&amp;layout=s Pest Megyi Hírlap, 1976. február (20. évfolyam, 27-51. szám) | Library | Hungaricana]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ea membrum activum fuit coetus politici Eötvös apud cooperativum. Coetus primum locum in certamine finali comitatus Vecsés obtinuit atque secundum summum numerum punctorum in certamine nationali praeliminari operariorum, a Consilio Nationali Cooperativorum Industrialium ordinato, assecutus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986448</id>
      <parentid>3986399</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T16:58:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Revera? + Vicificanda (aut Delenda?)</comment>
      <origin>3986448</origin>
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      <text bytes="1704" sha1="bllpnxwof8mj6lc3iapxj8vdmbxtg7q" xml:space="preserve">{{Vicificanda}
{{Latinitas|-3}}
'''Gizella Anna Mózer'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.discogs.com/artist/18222768-Gizella-M%C3%B3zer Gizella Mózer Discography: Vinyl, CDs, &amp; More | Discogs]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://resolver.pim.hu/auth/PIM2766870&lt;/ref&gt; (nata die XX mensis Martii anno MCMXLIII) est nobilis Hungara et artifex textilis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ea ex nobili familia Mózer comitatus Krassó-Szörény oriunda est, familia historico insigni gentilicio praedita.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hacstortenete.hupont.hu/125/mozer-csalad • Mózer család]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Kempelen-kempelen-bela-magyar-nemes-csaladok-1/7-kotet-C47F/mozer-D9A4/ Mozer. | Kempelen Béla: Magyar nemes családok | Kézikönyvtár]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mózer munere praepositae personarum apud Cooperativum Ferro-Electricum in Vecsés functa est, ubi per plus quam decem annos rebus ad personas et administrationem pertinentibus praefuit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://newspapers.arcanum.com/en/view/GyorSopronMegyeiHirlap_1952_09/?query=M%C3%B3zer+Gizella&amp;pg=89&amp;layout=s Győr-Sopronmegyei Hírlap, 1952. szeptember (8. évfolyam, 205-229. szám) | Arcanum Newspapers]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1976_02/?pg=127&amp;layout=s Pest Megyi Hírlap, 1976. február (20. évfolyam, 27-51. szám) | Library | Hungaricana]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ea membrum activum fuit coetus politici Eötvös apud cooperativum. Coetus primum locum in certamine finali comitatus Vecsés obtinuit atque secundum summum numerum punctorum in certamine nationali praeliminari operariorum, a Consilio Nationali Cooperativorum Industrialium ordinato, assecutus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]</text>
      <sha1>bllpnxwof8mj6lc3iapxj8vdmbxtg7q</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986460</id>
      <parentid>3986448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T18:02:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MGEdit61</username>
        <id>214456</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986460</origin>
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      <text bytes="1690" sha1="3i7nx026x0bx4s2jetp3rh95junm5fr" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}'''Gizella Anna Mózer'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.discogs.com/artist/18222768-Gizella-M%C3%B3zer Gizella Mózer Discography: Vinyl, CDs, &amp; More | Discogs]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://resolver.pim.hu/auth/PIM2766870&lt;/ref&gt; (nata die [[20 Martii]] [[1943]]) est nobilis Hungara et artifex textilis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ea ex nobili familia Mózer comitatus Krassó-Szörény oriunda est, familia historico insigni gentilicio praedita.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hacstortenete.hupont.hu/125/mozer-csalad • Mózer család]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Kempelen-kempelen-bela-magyar-nemes-csaladok-1/7-kotet-C47F/mozer-D9A4/ Mozer. | Kempelen Béla: Magyar nemes családok | Kézikönyvtár]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mózer munere praepositae personarum apud Cooperativum Ferro-Electricum in Vecsés functa est, ubi per plus quam decem annos rebus ad personas et administrationem pertinentibus praefuit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://newspapers.arcanum.com/en/view/GyorSopronMegyeiHirlap_1952_09/?query=M%C3%B3zer+Gizella&amp;pg=89&amp;layout=s Győr-Sopronmegyei Hírlap, 1952. szeptember (8. évfolyam, 205-229. szám) | Arcanum Newspapers]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1976_02/?pg=127&amp;layout=s Pest Megyi Hírlap, 1976. február (20. évfolyam, 27-51. szám) | Library | Hungaricana]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ea membrum activum fuit coetus politici Eötvös apud cooperativum. Coetus primum locum in certamine finali comitatus Vecsés obtinuit atque secundum summum numerum punctorum in certamine nationali praeliminari operariorum, a Consilio Nationali Cooperativorum Industrialium ordinato, assecutus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]</text>
      <sha1>3i7nx026x0bx4s2jetp3rh95junm5fr</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986462</id>
      <parentid>3986460</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T18:04:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MGEdit61</username>
        <id>214456</id>
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      <origin>3986462</origin>
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      <text bytes="1717" sha1="jqw4ujuh39fymvte2febnlvonnlwcqk" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}'''Gisella Mozeria''', Hungarice Gizella Anna Mózer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.discogs.com/artist/18222768-Gizella-M%C3%B3zer Gizella Mózer Discography: Vinyl, CDs, &amp; More | Discogs]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://resolver.pim.hu/auth/PIM2766870&lt;/ref&gt; (nata die [[20 Martii]] [[1943]]) est nobilis Hungara et artifex textilis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ea ex nobili familia Mózer comitatus Krassó-Szörény oriunda est, familia historico insigni gentilicio praedita.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hacstortenete.hupont.hu/125/mozer-csalad • Mózer család]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Kempelen-kempelen-bela-magyar-nemes-csaladok-1/7-kotet-C47F/mozer-D9A4/ Mozer. | Kempelen Béla: Magyar nemes családok | Kézikönyvtár]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mózer munere praepositae personarum apud Cooperativum Ferro-Electricum in Vecsés functa est, ubi per plus quam decem annos rebus ad personas et administrationem pertinentibus praefuit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://newspapers.arcanum.com/en/view/GyorSopronMegyeiHirlap_1952_09/?query=M%C3%B3zer+Gizella&amp;pg=89&amp;layout=s Győr-Sopronmegyei Hírlap, 1952. szeptember (8. évfolyam, 205-229. szám) | Arcanum Newspapers]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1976_02/?pg=127&amp;layout=s Pest Megyi Hírlap, 1976. február (20. évfolyam, 27-51. szám) | Library | Hungaricana]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ea membrum activum fuit coetus politici Eötvös apud cooperativum. Coetus primum locum in certamine finali comitatus Vecsés obtinuit atque secundum summum numerum punctorum in certamine nationali praeliminari operariorum, a Consilio Nationali Cooperativorum Industrialium ordinato, assecutus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]</text>
      <sha1>jqw4ujuh39fymvte2febnlvonnlwcqk</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3986463</id>
      <parentid>3986462</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T18:06:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MGEdit61</username>
        <id>214456</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notae */</comment>
      <origin>3986463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1785" sha1="h6ns1mbjh06laxkf9diuwguftnuzkqe" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}'''Gisella Mozeria''', Hungarice: Gizella Anna Mózer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.discogs.com/artist/18222768-Gizella-M%C3%B3zer Gizella Mózer Discography: Vinyl, CDs, &amp; More | Discogs]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://resolver.pim.hu/auth/PIM2766870 Vita Mozerii in pagina interretiali Musei Litterarii Petőfi]&lt;/ref&gt; (nata die [[20 Martii]] [[1943]]) est nobilis Hungara et artifex textilis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ea ex nobili familia Mózer comitatus Krassó-Szörény oriunda est, familia historico insigni gentilicio praedita.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hacstortenete.hupont.hu/125/mozer-csalad • Mózer család]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Kempelen-kempelen-bela-magyar-nemes-csaladok-1/7-kotet-C47F/mozer-D9A4/ Mozer. | Kempelen Béla: Magyar nemes családok | Kézikönyvtár]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mózer munere praepositae personarum apud Cooperativum Ferro-Electricum in [[Vecsés]] functa est, ubi per plus quam decem annos rebus ad personas et administrationem pertinentibus praefuit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://newspapers.arcanum.com/en/view/GyorSopronMegyeiHirlap_1952_09/?query=M%C3%B3zer+Gizella&amp;pg=89&amp;layout=s Győr-Sopronmegyei Hírlap, 1952. szeptember (8. évfolyam, 205-229. szám) | Arcanum Newspapers]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1976_02/?pg=127&amp;layout=s Pest Megyi Hírlap, 1976. február (20. évfolyam, 27-51. szám) | Library | Hungaricana]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ea membrum activum fuit coetus politici Eötvös apud cooperativum. Coetus primum locum in certamine finali comitatus Vecsés obtinuit atque secundum summum numerum punctorum in certamine nationali praeliminari operariorum, a Consilio Nationali Cooperativorum Industrialium ordinato, assecutus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scientia physica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>318000</id>
    <redirect title="Physica" />
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:49:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Forma caduca pagina ita parata ut entitas Vicidatorum [[:d:Q14632398]] huc nectatur</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="107" sha1="igyug4xqkupzbzd4quri37jrf9mpf3c" xml:space="preserve">Forma caduca pagina ita parata ut entitas Vicidatorum [[:d:Q14632398]] huc nectatur.

#REDIRECT [[Physica]]</text>
      <sha1>igyug4xqkupzbzd4quri37jrf9mpf3c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986521</id>
      <parentid>3986520</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:49:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirectionem restitui</comment>
      <origin>3986521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="46" sha1="9n0ml896rlvpi7k2v0h0df833qm129z" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Physica]]

{{De hac redirectione}}</text>
      <sha1>9n0ml896rlvpi7k2v0h0df833qm129z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/bivium</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986503</id>
      <parentid>3966120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:44:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De argumento ‘|propositum=’ ad subformulam {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus]]}} mittendo</comment>
      <origin>3986503</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5040" sha1="p1c4fad89o20pxzr4n1mgxojz7ygmwx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#instantia-iam-creata|}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:
		{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;ucfirst:{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}}}|{{{#instantia-iam-creata}}}|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:redirection|get_target_page|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}}}|{{{#instantia-iam-creata|}}}|/}}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;ucfirst:{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}}}|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}
				| [[{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}]]
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}]]
			}}
			| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
		}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;ucfirst:{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}}}|{{{#instantia-iam-creata}}}
				| [[{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}]]
				| [[{{{#instantia-iam-creata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}]]
			}}
			| [[{{{#instantia-iam-creata}}}|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
		}}
	}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{#propositum|}}}|exhibitio||{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Si in substitutione||{{Recensio vacua exspectatur|summarium=Formulam {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve]]}} detraxi, quia pagina creata est.}}}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Si in substitutione|/}}
		| &lt;noinclude /&gt;{&lt;noinclude /&gt;{&lt;noinclude /&gt;safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#qid|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				with_name_not_matching|^#|
				entering_substack|
					excluding_numeric_names|
					detaching_substack|
					mapping_by_mixing|$#|
				leaving_substack|
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				flushing|
				discarding||
				all_sorted|
				for_each|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}$#}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}qid{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;=}}{{{#qid}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				excluding_numeric_names|
				with_name_not_matching|^#|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				all_sorted|
				setting|hi/p|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;=}}|
				list
			}}
		}}&lt;noinclude /&gt;}&lt;noinclude /&gt;}&lt;noinclude /&gt;
		| {{#if:{{{#qid|}}}
			| {{#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}]]
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
			}}{{Sin secus
				| 1 = {{#invoke:params|
					with_name_not_matching|^#|
					entering_substack|
						excluding_numeric_names|
						detaching_substack|
					leaving_substack|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
					flushing|
					discarding||
					entering_substack|new|
						pulling|d|
						detaching_substack|
						mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|
							names_only_as|lingua|
							let|pagina|{{{#qid}}}#sitelinks-wikipedia|
							let|latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
							let|propositum|{{{#propositum}}}|
					leaving_substack|
					mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/legatio|names_only|
						let|#qid|{{{#qid}}}|
						let|#latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
					flushing|
					all_sorted|
					list_values
				}}
				| 2 = &lt;sup style=&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;[[:d:{{{#qid}}}#sitelinks-wikipedia|(d)]]&lt;/sup&gt;
				| 3 = &lt;sup style=&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
				| 4 = &lt;/sup&gt;
			}}{{#if:{{{#titulus-iam-creatus|}}}|{{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|qid={{{#qid}}}|propositum={{{#propositum}}}}}}}
			| {{#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}]]
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
			}}{{#invoke:params|
				excluding_numeric_names|
				with_name_not_matching|^#|
				all_sorted|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|
					names_and_values_as|lingua|pagina|
					let|latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
					let|propositum|{{{#propositum}}}|
				setting|h/f/n|&lt;sup style{{=}}&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/sup&gt;{{#if:{{{#titulus-iam-creatus|}}}
					| {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|qid=|propositum={{{#propositum}}}}}
					| {{#ifeq:{{{#propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur]]}}
				}}|&lt;sup style{{=}}&quot;padding-left: 1px; font-size: .75em; cursor: help; color: #090;&quot; title{{=}}&quot;Significatio huius nexus rubri non intellegitur; adde nexum intervicialem si potes (e.g. ‘…&amp;#124;en&amp;#61;{{Textus planus|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}}}’).&quot;&gt;&amp;#91;&lt;i&gt;nexus intervicialis desideratur ([[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auxilium]])&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#93;&lt;/sup&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{#propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent]]}}|
				list_values
			}}
		}}
	}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>p1c4fad89o20pxzr4n1mgxojz7ygmwx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986502</id>
      <parentid>3922887</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:43:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+[[:Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales absentes nectuntur]]</comment>
      <origin>3986502</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="364" sha1="m4nx8hrhogwvnn5n0e6n3wng28oi3vw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{pagina|}}}
	| [[:{{{lingua}}}:{{{pagina}}}|({{{lingua}}})]]
	| [[:{{{lingua}}}:{{{latine}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf3c2c;&quot;&gt;({{{lingua}}}&lt;/span&gt;)]]{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales absentes nectuntur]]}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m4nx8hrhogwvnn5n0e6n3wng28oi3vw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986504</id>
      <parentid>3982635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:45:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ulteriora si cupis */ +[[:Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales absentes nectuntur]]</comment>
      <origin>3986504</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14686" sha1="o26gmc4ojbim5dge00u15mhujfxd1eg" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit
	| 1 = ...
	| formula = pcc
	| seu 1 = pcc
	| seu 2 = pagina creanda creatave
	| seu 3 = pagina creanda
	| seu 4 = nexus intervicialis
	| seu 5 = niv
}}

{{Formula transitoria}}
{{Compendia substitutionis|pcc|niv|pagina creanda}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:Redirection|Modulus:Vicidata}}

In Vicipaedia, omnes nexus rubri in pagina speciali [[Specialis:Paginae desideratae|paginarum desideratarum]] numerantur, attamen quomodo tales paginae ad paginas aliis linguis annectantur ignorabitur; haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] intercedit ut nexus interviciales de paginis absentibus indicentur.

{{Nota bene}} Non tibi licet substitutionem {{fsn|pcc}} in notis &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;ref&gt;...&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; inserere; ut hoc facias, utere substitutione {{fsn|cref}}.

== De usu ==

; Syntaxis 1
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&amp;#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;verba ostenta&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;...&amp;#93;''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
: vel
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:'''pcc'''&amp;#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;verba ostenta&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;...&amp;#93;''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
; Syntaxis 2
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&amp;#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;verba ostenta&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae 1&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae 2&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;...&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae N&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
: vel
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:'''pcc'''&amp;#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;verba ostenta&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae 1&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae 2&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;...&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae N&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;

=== Exempla ===

Si pagina nondum exsistit:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES||en|d=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* Si nomen Latinum paginae est idem ac nomen '''omnibus''' aliis linguis '''a te praebitis''', nomen Latinum sufficet:
** &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
**: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|propositum=exhibitio}}
**:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|qid=Q1797842}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
** &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS||en}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
**: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|propositum=exhibitio}}
**:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|qid=Q1797842}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Si pagina iam exsitit:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|abcd efgh ijkl]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Quum iam est pagina Latina quae ad Vicidata nectit sed titulus Latinus praebitus differt, pagina intervicialis praevalebit:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Marcus Tullius Cicero]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Cicero]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Quum titulus Latinus iam exsistit sed nexus ad Vicidata praebitum abest aut aliud indicat, [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|signum quoddam]] ostendetur atque pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis]] numerabitur:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Argumenta {{para|d}} et {{para|qid}} in hoc tantum differunt, quod argumentum {{para|d}} in pagina ostendetur:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Si e paginis intervicialibus praebitis nullum argumentum {{para|qid}} deduci potest, pagina nectens in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur]] numerabitur.

{{Ast}}

Si nulla alia pagina intervicialis nectitur, monitus “nexus intervicialis desideratur” ostenditur et pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent]] numeratur:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Hoc perutile est quotienscumque nexus rubrus obscurus invenitur.

== De vetere formula {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} vertenda ==
Si pagina formulam {{fn|creanda}} iam adhibet et ad hanc substitutionem convertenda est, substitue formulam {{Fsn|creanda}} in eius locum. Exempli gratia:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Si omnia manu vertere vis, tantummodo substitue partes vicitextūs his exemplis acclaratas:

* &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&lt;mark&gt;creanda&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;#124;en&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/mark&gt;Giant Magellan Telescope&amp;#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&lt;mark&gt;subst:pcc&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;#124;en&lt;mark&gt;=&lt;/mark&gt;Giant Magellan Telescope&amp;#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
* &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&lt;mark&gt;creanda&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;#124;en&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/mark&gt;Direction (geometry)&amp;#124;d&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/mark&gt;Q2151613&amp;#124;directio&amp;#124;directionem&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&lt;mark&gt;subst:pcc&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;#124;en&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#61;&lt;/mark&gt;Direction (geometry)&amp;#124;d&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#61;&lt;/mark&gt;Q2151613&amp;#124;directio&amp;#124;directionem&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;

=== Expressiones regulares ad veterem formulam vertendam ===
{{Folium flexibile
	| exordium = collapsum
	| praeambulum = Ad versionem veteris formulae accelerandam, nonnullae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|expressio regularis|expressiones regulares|en|qid=Q185612}} adhiberi possunt.
	| corpus =

; Expressio regularis (formulā {{fn|Creanda}} dumtaxat cum lingua una):
: &lt;code&gt;\&amp;#123;\&amp;#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&amp;#124;[^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)(\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+))?\&amp;#125;\&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum lingua una):
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:pcc\1&amp;#61;\2&amp;#124;\3\4&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
; Expressio regularis (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus):
: &lt;code&gt;\&amp;#123;\&amp;#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&amp;#124;[^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)(\&amp;#124;[^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)(\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+))?\&amp;#125;\&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus):
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:pcc\1&amp;#61;\2\3&amp;#61;\4&amp;#124;\5\6&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;

}}

== Subformulae machinariae ==
* &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/bivium}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
* &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/legatio}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
* &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
* &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|pagina creanda creatave}}
* {{Fsn|pagina creanda}}
* {{Fsn|nexus intervicialis}}
* {{Fsn|niv}}
* {{Fsn|pcc}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis # infeliciter
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales absentes nectuntur # infeliciter
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur # infeliciter
	| Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent # infeliciter
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant # caduciter
}}

* {{Fsn|Annotatio cum paginis creandis}}
* {{Fn|Nexus obscurus}}
* {{Fn|Convertimus}}
* {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}}
* {{Fn|Creetur}}
* {{Fn|Creetur caput}}
* {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}}
* {{Fn|Creanda}} – formula obsoleta
** {{Nexus cum parametris
	| 1 = Specialis:Quaerere
	| 2 = Paginae quae formulam &amp;#123;&amp;#123;Creanda&amp;#125;&amp;#125; adhuc adhibent
	| sort = last_edit_desc
	| search = insource:/\{\{\s*creanda\s*\{{!}}/i
	| profile = advanced
	| fulltext = 1
	| limit = 500
	| ns0 = 1
	| ns1 = 1
	| ns2 = 1
	| ns3 = 1
	| ns4 = 1
	| ns5 = 1
	| ns6 = 1
	| ns7 = 1
	| ns8 = 1
	| ns9 = 1
	| ns10 = 1
	| ns11 = 1
	| ns12 = 1
	| ns13 = 1
	| ns14 = 1
	| ns15 = 1
	| ns100 = 1
	| ns101 = 1
	| ns828 = 1
	| ns829 = 1
}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae scholiasticae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae interviciales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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    <title>Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <id>3986408</id>
      <parentid>3983083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:43:19Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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	| {{Capsa lateralis
		| imago = Nuvola filesystems folder template.svg
		| ancora = {{{ancora|}}}
		| 1 =

'''Categoriae vestigatoriae'''

Haec formula [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae|categoriis vestigatoriis]] utitu{{#invoke:params|
			excluding_non-numeric_names|
			renaming_by_mixing|$@|
			renaming_by_replacing|^([^#]-)%s*#.*$|%1|1|
			discarding||
			mapping_by_replacing|^[^#]+$||1|
			mapping_by_replacing|[^#]*#%s*(.-)%s*$|%1|1|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_name_matching|^:|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
					with_value_not_matching|0|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|0|
				merging_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#|:$#]]}}$@|
			leaving_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					with_value_matching|14|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					entering_substack|
						with_value_matching|0|strict|
						detaching_substack|
					dropping_substack|
					detaching_substack|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						entering_substack|
							with_value_matching|10|strict|
							detaching_substack|
						dropping_substack|
						detaching_substack|
						snapshotting|entering_substack|
							entering_substack|
								with_value_matching|828|strict|
								detaching_substack|
							dropping_substack|
							detaching_substack|
							entering_substack|
								with_value_matching||strict|
								detaching_substack|
							dropping_substack|
							renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|names_only|
							snapshotting|entering_substack|
								with_value_not_matching||strict|
								mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns||
							merging_substack|
							mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#]]}}$@|
							flushing|
						leaving_substack|
						renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
						snapshotting|entering_substack|
							with_value_not_matching||strict|
							mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|828|
						merging_substack|
						mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Modulus:$#|#invoke:$#]]}}$@|
						flushing|
					leaving_substack|
					renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						with_value_not_matching||strict|
						mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|10|
					merging_substack|
					mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Formula:$#|$#]]}}$@|
					flushing|
					combining_values|2|naturally|h/i/f|his formulis aut modulis praebentur:
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					snapshotting|
					mixing_names_and_values|h|r, quae |
				leaving_substack|
				renaming_by_mixing|Categoria:$#|
			merging_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				detaching_substack|
				mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|14|
			leaving_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
				|
				| {{in harenario aut alibi||[[$#|!]]}}
			}}|
			flushing|
			mapping_by_mixing|[[:$#]]$@|
			combining_values|1|naturally|h/i/f|
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|r:|
				flushing|
				reassigning|1|h|rename|
				providing|h|r.|
				reassigning|h|n|copy|
			leaving_substack|
			setting_by_flushing|
			flushing|
			setting|i|

Nonnullae categoriae etiam |
			list_values
		}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
			|
			| {{in harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
		}}

	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula tantummodo in spatio nominali formularum adhibenda est.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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	| {{Capsa lateralis
		| imago = Nuvola filesystems folder template.svg
		| ancora = {{{ancora|}}}
		| 1 =

'''Categoriae vestigatoriae'''

Haec formula [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae|categoriis vestigatoriis]] utitu{{#invoke:params|
			excluding_non-numeric_names|
			renaming_by_mixing|$@|
			renaming_by_replacing|^([^#]-)%s*#.*$|%1|1|
			discarding||
			mapping_by_replacing|^[^#]+$||1|
			mapping_by_replacing|[^#]*#%s*(.-)%s*$|%1|1|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_name_matching|^:|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
					with_value_not_matching|0|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|0|
				merging_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#|:$#]]}}$@|
			leaving_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					with_value_matching|14|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					entering_substack|
						with_value_matching|0|strict|
						detaching_substack|
					dropping_substack|
					detaching_substack|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						entering_substack|
							with_value_matching|10|strict|
							detaching_substack|
						dropping_substack|
						detaching_substack|
						snapshotting|entering_substack|
							entering_substack|
								with_value_matching|828|strict|
								detaching_substack|
							dropping_substack|
							detaching_substack|
							entering_substack|
								with_value_matching||strict|
								detaching_substack|
							dropping_substack|
							renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|names_only|
							snapshotting|entering_substack|
								with_value_not_matching||strict|
								mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns||
							merging_substack|
							mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#]]}}$@|
							flushing|
						leaving_substack|
						renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
						snapshotting|entering_substack|
							with_value_not_matching||strict|
							mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|828|
						merging_substack|
						mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Modulus:$#|#invoke:$#]]}}$@|
						flushing|
					leaving_substack|
					renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						with_value_not_matching||strict|
						mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|10|
					merging_substack|
					mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Formula:$#|$#]]}}$@|
					flushing|
					combining_values|2|naturally|h/i/f|his formulis vel modulis praebentur:
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					snapshotting|
					mixing_names_and_values|h|r, quae |
				leaving_substack|
				renaming_by_mixing|Categoria:$#|
			merging_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				detaching_substack|
				mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|14|
			leaving_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
				|
				| {{in harenario aut alibi||[[$#|!]]}}
			}}|
			flushing|
			mapping_by_mixing|[[:$#]]$@|
			combining_values|1|naturally|h/i/f|
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|r:|
				flushing|
				reassigning|1|h|rename|
				providing|h|r.|
				reassigning|h|n|copy|
			leaving_substack|
			setting_by_flushing|
			flushing|
			setting|i|

Nonnullae categoriae etiam |
			list_values
		}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
			|
			| {{in harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
		}}

	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula tantummodo in spatio nominali formularum adhibenda est.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Robinson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321505</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986533</id>
      <parentid>3927117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T23:09:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="2834" sha1="r5v9w6bd6x1v8xxqffru58fuchqvbdf" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Anglica
	| significatio = “filius Robertini”
	| imago = Robinson Crusoe Wyeth 1920.jpg
	| capitulum = [[Robinson Crusoëus]], persona litteraria
}}

{{res|Robinson}} ({{pns|onis|m}}),&lt;ref&gt;“''Friday'' magnâ cum reverentiæ atque grati animi significatione ad '''Robinsonem''' accessit”; ''Robinson Crusoëus'', textum a Francisco Iosepho Goffaux Latine translatum (Philadelphiae, 1820): 78 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Robinson_Cruso%C3%ABus/QqIAAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Friday+magn%C3%A2+cum+Robinsonem&amp;pg=PA78&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Latine]] '''''Robinsonus'''''&lt;ref&gt;“Christophorus Robinsonus, Carliolensis”; ''The First and Second Diaries of the English College, Douay, and an Appendix of the Unpublished Documents'' (Londinii, 1878): 232 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_First_and_Second_Diaries_of_the_Engl/CboYAAAAYAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Robinsonus,+Carliol-+ensis&amp;pg=PA232&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; et '''''Robinsonius''''',&lt;ref&gt;“Legati fuerunt Britanniae Regis Comes Sanduicensis, et Eques Robinsonius”; Castruccio Buonamici, ''Delle cose operate presso Velletri nell'anno 1744, e della guerra italica'' (Lucae, 1841): 376 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Delle_cose_operate_presso_Velletri_nell/GmheDFz4PO0C?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=comes+sanduicensis+eques+robinsonius&amp;pg=PA376&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; seu etiam '''''Rebilius''''',&lt;ref&gt;De forma Latina, vide textum ''Rebilius Cruso: Robinson Crusoe, in Latin'' a Francisco Gulielmo Newman anno [[1884]] scriptum.&lt;/ref&gt; est [[cognomen]], nomen, atque rarum [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Anglice|Anglicum]], [[patronymicum]] nominis ''Robin'' ([[Robertinus]], igitur “filius Robertini”).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/robinson Robinson]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Qui vel quae hoc cognomen habuerint ==
* [[Eduinus Arlington Robinson]]
* [[Eugenius Robinson]]
* [[Fridericus Ioannes Robinson]]
* [[Georgius Dexter Robinson]]
* [[Iacobus A. Robinson]]
* [[Ioanna Robinson]]
* [[Maria Robinson]]
* [[Marilynne Robinson]]
* [[Petrus Robinson]]
* [[Raimundus Robinson]]
* [[Robertus Robinson]]

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==
* [[Tod Robinson Caldwell]]
* [[Henricus Robinson Luce]]

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Robinson Jeffers]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Robinson Stévenin||fr|qid=Q3437193}}

== In operibus artificiosis ==
[[Robinson Crusoëus]] (vulgo ''Robinson Crusoe'') est praeclara persona litteraria a [[Daniel Defoe|Daniele Defoe]] scriptore Anglico anno 1719 inventa.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[3819 Robinson]], asteroides

[[Categoria:Cognomina Anglica]]
[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Anglica]]</text>
      <sha1>r5v9w6bd6x1v8xxqffru58fuchqvbdf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ulrica (nomen)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321512</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986538</id>
      <parentid>3926850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T23:12:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1495" sha1="9ozsfy0v1bhhd7m37sszhzz27kvdcky" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Germanica
	| significatio = “prosperitas atque potestas”
	| imago = Ulrica Eleanor the Younger coronation medal 1719.jpg
	| capitulum = Nomisma reginae Sueciae [[Ulrica Eleonora|Ulricae Eleonorae]]
}}

{{res|Ulrica}},&lt;ref&gt;De forma Latina praenominis vide imaginem nostram.&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Hulderica}},&lt;ref&gt;“Anna Hulderica, Johannis Henrici Huldrici gnata”; Esdras Henricus Edzardus, ''Ex cygno ante mortem non canente'' (Vitembergae, 1722): 11 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Ex_cygno_ante_mortem_non_canente/pQ5QAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Hulderica&amp;pg=PA10&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt; est praenomen femininum. E [[Vocabulum|vocabulis]] Germanicis ''uodil'' (id est 'hereditas') atque ''rih'' (id est 'dominus' seu 'dominium') originem ducit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/ulrich Ulrich]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma masculina praenominis '''[[Udalricus]]''' est.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Quae hoc nomen habuerint ==
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ulrica Eleonora Daniae||da|qid=Q174256}}
* [[Ulrica Eleonora (regina Sueciae)]]
* [[Iohanna Carolina Ulrica von Schoultz]]

== Quae hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Ulrica Bahr]]
* [[Ulrica Egelhaaf-Gaiser]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[885 Ulrike]], asteroides

[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Suecica]]</text>
      <sha1>9ozsfy0v1bhhd7m37sszhzz27kvdcky</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ginus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321558</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986534</id>
      <parentid>3927034</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T23:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986534</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2199" sha1="26gq7gdux88yw2p2pfzemwr88cbfigr" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Italica
	| significatio = ignota
	| imago = Gino Strada 2010 (cropped).jpg
	| capitulum = [[Ginus Strada]], medicus et activista Italicus
}}

{{res|Ginus}}&lt;ref&gt;“Ginus Angelus Capponius, Camerarius”; Ioannes Marangoni, ''Istoria dell'antichissimo oratorio, o cappella di San Lorenzo nel Patriarchìo Lateranense comunemente appellato Sancta Sanctorum e della celebre immagine del SS. Salvatore detta Acheropita, che ivi conservasi; colle notizie del culto, e varj riti praticati anticamente verso la medesima'' (Romae, 1747): 327 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Istoria_dell_antichissimo_oratorio_o_cap/8L0Y7ELRK4oC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;“Ginus Iannetus Bernardi”; Marius Ascheri et Iosephus Palmero, ''Il catasto della magnifica comunità di Ventimiglia. Famiglie, proprietà e territorio (1545-1554)'' (1996): 22, 126 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Il_catasto_della_magnifica_comunit%C3%A0_di/mP-5AAAAIAAJ?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=Ginus&amp;dq=Ginus&amp;printsec=frontcover].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://alcuinus.net/ephemeris/archi2021/nuntius.php?id=1947|title=BENEFACTOR ITALICVS PERIIT. Aloisius Strada mortuus est|last1=Novocomensis|first1=Andreas|year=|website=Ephemeris|date=13 Augusti [[2007]]}}: “Sospitalis medicus Italicus Aloisius ('''Ginus''') Strada hodie periit. Ipse '''Ginus''' Strada cordis morbo iamdiu affectus ex abrupto mortuus est.”&lt;/ref&gt; est praenomen masculinum [[Italice|Italicum]], vulgo ''Gino'', [[hypocoristicum]] praenominum quae in “-gino” teminant (exempli gratia ''[[Georgius|Giorgino]]'' et ''[[Aloisius|Luigino]]'').&lt;ref&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/gino Gino]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forma muliebris '''[[Gina]]''' est.

== Homines ==
* [[Ginus Bartali]]
* [[Ginus Capponi]]
* Ludovicus Cervi, qui dicitur [[Ginus Cervi]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ginus Paoli||it|qid=Q470554}}
* [[Ginus Rocca]]
* [[Aemilius Ginus Segrè]]
* [[Ginus Strada]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pizzo di Gino]], mons Italicus

[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Nomina hypocoristica]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]</text>
      <sha1>26gq7gdux88yw2p2pfzemwr88cbfigr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mazzini (discretiva)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321565</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986525</id>
      <parentid>3927073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:54:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="229" sha1="bbo29n81es51tak6idetl0z7k5bp9hg" xml:space="preserve">{{disnomen}}
Nomine {{res|Mazzini}} indicari possunt:
* [[Anna Maria Mazzini]]
* [[Iosephus Mazzini]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|210182 Mazzini||d|qid=Q5682844}}, asteroides

[[Categoria:Cognomina Italica]]</text>
      <sha1>bbo29n81es51tak6idetl0z7k5bp9hg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986526</id>
      <parentid>3986525</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:54:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3986526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="230" sha1="h2qfpmdovcarzdb1jzcwrwp3syiqsu2" xml:space="preserve">{{disnomen}}
Nomine {{res|Mazzini}} indicari possunt:
* [[Anna Maria Mazzini]]
* [[Iosephus Mazzini]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|210182 Mazzini||en|qid=Q5682844}}, asteroides

[[Categoria:Cognomina Italica]]</text>
      <sha1>h2qfpmdovcarzdb1jzcwrwp3syiqsu2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3986556</id>
      <parentid>3986526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:38:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Mazzini]] ad [[Mazzini (discretiva)]] sine redirectione: Locus opportunior</comment>
      <origin>3986526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="230" sha1="h2qfpmdovcarzdb1jzcwrwp3syiqsu2" xml:space="preserve">{{disnomen}}
Nomine {{res|Mazzini}} indicari possunt:
* [[Anna Maria Mazzini]]
* [[Iosephus Mazzini]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|210182 Mazzini||en|qid=Q5682844}}, asteroides

[[Categoria:Cognomina Italica]]</text>
      <sha1>h2qfpmdovcarzdb1jzcwrwp3syiqsu2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brandonus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321570</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986530</id>
      <parentid>3927159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T23:08:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986530</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1592" sha1="0kwdkvbn373scpksjas8e7lrbaumlil" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Anglosaxonica
	| significatio = “collis genistarum”
	| imago = Brandon lee (cropped) Thin.jpg
	| capitulum = [[Brandonus Lee]], actor Americanus
}}

{{res|Brandonus}},&lt;ref&gt;“Brandonus Dux Suffolciae”; Franciscus Godwin, ''Rerum Anglicarum Henrico VIII Edwardo VI et Maria regnantibus, annales'' (Londinii, 1628): [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Rerum_Anglicarum_Henrico_8_Eduuardo_6_et/qOdylB7eOdsC?hl=it&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Brandonus&amp;pg=PA18&amp;printsec=frontcover 18].&lt;/ref&gt; vulgo ''Brandon'', est [[cognomen]], nomen, atque rarum [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Anglice|Anglicum]]. [[Toponymum]] ''Brandon'' e vocabulis [[Anglosaxonice|Anglosaxonicis]] ''brōm'' (“[[Genista (genus plantarum)|genista]]”) atque ''dun'' (“[[collis]]”) originem ducit, igitur “collem genistarum” significat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/brandon Brandon]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;K. M. Sheard, ''Llewellyn's Complete Book of Names'' (2011): [https://books.google.it/books?hl=it&amp;id=FVyHTUQnnBgC&amp;q=brandon#v=snippet&amp;q=brandon&amp;f=false 106]. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Non confundendum est cum nomine Hibernico ''[[Brendanus|Brendano]].''

== Qui hoc cognomen habuerint ==
* [[Gerardus Brandon]]
* [[Gulielmus Woodward Brandon]]

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Brandonus Lee]]
* [[Brandonus Sanderson]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Brandonus Teena||en|qid=Q505335}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Cognomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]</text>
      <sha1>0kwdkvbn373scpksjas8e7lrbaumlil</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iesse (nomen)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321575</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986532</id>
      <parentid>3927125</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T23:09:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986532</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="5z22ocpja2zyj9v5e9tkk67ykz0rt51" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Hebraica
	| significatio = “donum” seu “existentia”
	| imago = Jesse Tree Hove.jpg
	| capitulum = Imago vitrea [[Iesse]] in oppido Anglico Hove sita
}}

{{res|Iesse}} (''m.'', indeclinabile) est nomen [[praenomen|praenomenque]] masculinum, Hebraica origine ([[Hebraice]] יִשַׁי, ''Yīšay'', seu יִשָׁי, ''Yīšāy''; [[Graece]] Ἰεσσαί), quod e vocabulo ''šay'' (שַׁי, “donum”) seu ''yeš'' (שי, “existentia”) originem ducit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. [https://www.behindthename.com/name/jesse “Jesse”]. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Post [[Reformatio Anglica|reformationem Anglicam]], ''Iesse'' adhibitum est apud [[Anglia|Anglicos]] (vulgo ''Jesse'').&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==

* [[Iesse]], persona Biblica

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Iesse Bradford Watrouse]]
* [[Iesse Alexander Helms, Minor]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iesse James||en|qid=Q213626}}
* [[Iesse Owens]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Radix Iesse]]
[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]]</text>
      <sha1>5z22ocpja2zyj9v5e9tkk67ykz0rt51</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Angelina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321579</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986531</id>
      <parentid>3927142</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T23:08:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3986531</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1572" sha1="oeo2b29ij7jatl5ctzub2t2unufxfu0" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Femininum
	| origo = Graeca
	| significatio = “nuntia”
	| imago = Governor Portrait Angelina Tan.jpg
	| capitulum = [[Angelina Tan]], mulier politica Philippina
}}

{{res|Angelina}} est nomen atque [[praenomen]] femininum, [[deminutivum]] praenominis [[Angela|Angelae]], atque cognomen [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|Byzantinum]] ([[Neograece]] Αγγελίνα).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/angelina Angelina]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.&lt;/ref&gt; E vocabulo Graeco antiquo ''ángelos'' (ἄγγελος, id est “nuntius”) ductum est.

== Quae hoc cognomen habuerint ==
* [[Anna Angelina]]
* [[Eudocia Angelina]]
* [[Irene Angelina (Alexii III filia)]]
* [[Irene Angelina (Isaacii filia)]]
* [[Maria Angelina]]
* [[Theodora Angelina (Caesarissa)|Theodora Angelina]]
* [[Theodora Angelina Comnena]]

== Quae hoc nomen habuerint ==
* [[Stephania Ioanna Angelina Germanotta]]

== Quae hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Angelina Jolie]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Angelina Mango||it|qid=Q118390992}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Angelina Tan||en|qid=Q66777115}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[64 Angelina]], asteroides
* [[Angelina Comitatus]]
[[Categoria:Cognomina]]
[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Anglica]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Hispanica]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Lusitana]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Russica]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina Theodisca]]</text>
      <sha1>oeo2b29ij7jatl5ctzub2t2unufxfu0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>322505</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986466</id>
      <parentid>3984927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T18:43:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>62628</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tech News: 2026-37 */ nova pars</comment>
      <origin>3986466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="206571" sha1="d2jzxvb6nqb64hlzl9vg8wvl3haget5" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;nowiki /&gt;[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1=
Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet.

Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]].
}}

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-03&lt;/span&gt; ==
{{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support &quot;map&quot; as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==
{{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}}
Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.

'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;
;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:
* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:
# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]!
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-05&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February.
* All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project.
* Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the &quot;prevent this user from editing their own talk page&quot; is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new AbuseFilter variable, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt; actions. As part of this change, the variable &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; has been renamed to &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-06&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30000986 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors.
* A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* The automatic &quot;magic links&quot; for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Two new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-08&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the &quot;view new changes since…&quot; button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered &quot;beta&quot; on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta.
* The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30119102 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-10&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate help to localize] this and related features.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily.
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views.
* The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-11&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.
* Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]).

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30213008 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-12&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]].
* Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30260505 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|&quot;Log in with passkey&quot; button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30268305 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]].
* The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap &quot;Edit&quot;. This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30329462 --&gt;

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]].
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example &quot;WP&quot; for the &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-16&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature.
'''Updates for editors'''
* On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-17&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest &quot;Liquid Glass&quot; visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias.
* An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]].
* On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The &lt;code&gt;mirrors.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; directly, please update them to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;file&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;filerevision&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741]
* Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==
&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-18&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484]
* All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the &quot;automatically enable most beta features&quot; option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30458046 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available.
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]].
* The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909]
* From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the &quot;Translate to English&quot; dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] 
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as &quot;changes 3&quot; instead of &quot;3 changes&quot; in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:42, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks.
* The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui.input&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:20, 11 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions.
* To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the &quot;Tools &gt; Action&quot; menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''

* On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]].
* The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for &quot;Who Wrote That&quot; and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:21, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-22&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] 

'''Updates for editors'''
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis.
* After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The legacy CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; have been replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:51, 25 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month.
* The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed &quot;Community&quot; tab and a personalized &quot;For You&quot; tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:08, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/&quot;Which came first?&quot; Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's &quot;On This Day&quot; content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-cite&amp;language=en&amp;action_source=search&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__HIDDENCAT__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The function signature for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945]
* '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product &amp; Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:29, 8 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use &lt;code&gt;class=notpageimage&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from thumbnail previews, or &lt;code&gt;class=noviewer&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. 
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class=&quot;wikitable&quot;|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-sort-order=&quot;desc&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page.
* Wikis that wish to replace the &quot;indefinitely&quot; button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change.
* The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited.
* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4).
* Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:48, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902]
* Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to &quot;require CAPTCHA verification&quot; will begin to also affect users with the &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595]
* Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox].
* The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:04, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to &quot;Create account&quot; and &quot;Log in&quot; actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220]
* After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292]
* An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 11:47, 29 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;src&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute and SVG in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;srcset&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute.
* The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:56, 6 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis.
* The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778]
* To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:10, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, &quot;media-limit-reached&quot;, will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:45, 21 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==
&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-31&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077]
* DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), templates (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), HTML and parser tags (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), and magic words (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews.
* The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-helpusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-help&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604]
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533]
* From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the &quot;User&quot; namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:48, 27 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-32&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&amp;uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518]
* The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-readinglists&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia.
* Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698]
* The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:45, 3 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting &quot;{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}&quot; in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001]
* Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;cldsort=timestamp&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:44, 10 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;w:bol:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921]
* Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:02, 17 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30922806 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783]
* In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#uic:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Userlinks}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466]
* Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs when specifically using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs can still be accessed and used without &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Specified user page URLs (e.g. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;User:Myusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) can still be used with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386]
* Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;librsvg&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 2.60 and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ImageMagick&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:44, 24 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30961208 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28.
* At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors.
* Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;onlyredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;withredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;incategory:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;intitle:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;insource:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089]
* The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;deepcat&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465]
* The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service.

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 31 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30990659 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the &quot;[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]&quot; option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback.
* The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&amp;sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&amp;project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549]
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:0&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704]
*  All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option, as gadgets are always loaded through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:43, 7 Septembris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=31008437 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d2jzxvb6nqb64hlzl9vg8wvl3haget5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Super Bowl LX</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>322763</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986512</id>
      <parentid>3954052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T22:17:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mendam correxi</comment>
      <origin>3986512</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1671" sha1="izf0segk5haucu18f48sqa2r3hqwn5q" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Levi's Stadium in February 2016 prior to Super Bowl 50 (24398261729).jpg|thumb|Stadium Leviense, prope [[Iosephopolis (California)|Iosephopolim]] [[California]]e, locus Super Bowl LX erit.]]

{{res|Super Bowl LX}} fuit [[ludus]] [[harpastum Americanum|harpasti Americani]] a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|New England Patriots||en|qid=Q17015844}}, victore [[Conferentia Pediludii Americana|Conferentiae Pediludii Americanae]], et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Haliaeti Seattlenses|Haliaetis Seattlensibus|en|qid=Q221878}}, victore [[Conferentia Pediludii Nationalis|Conferentiae Pediludii Nationalis]], certaturus ad titulum victoriae [[Foedus Pediludii Nationale|Foederis Pediludii Nationalis]] [[NFL annus 2025|anni 2025]] decernandum.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.espn.com/nfl/game/_/gameId/401772988/seahawks-patriots Super Bowl LX.] ESPN.&lt;/ref&gt; Haliaeti Seattlenses vicerunt, 29–13. Prima calx, initium certaminis, [[hora]] 3:30 post [[meridies|meridiem]] tempore loci, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Zona Temporalis Pacifica|Zonae Temporalis Pacificae|en|qid=Q847142}} (23:30 [[UTC]]), fiat. Certamen pugnabitur die [[8 Februarii]] [[2026]] in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Stadium Leviense|Stadio Leviensi|en|qid=Q7419343}} prope [[Iosephopolis (California)|Iosephopolim]] in [[California]]. Ludus per [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitates Foederatas]] ab [[NBC Sunday Night Football|NBC]], societate [[televisio|televisifica]], emittetur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Super Bowl XLIX]]

{{Ludus-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Foedus Pediludii Nationale]]
[[Categoria:Harpastum Americanum]]</text>
      <sha1>izf0segk5haucu18f48sqa2r3hqwn5q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usor:Grufo/Officina/Experimenta/e5</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>323808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986506</id>
      <parentid>3950748</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:48:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3986506</origin>
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      <text bytes="92" sha1="m0m244trxob2sleud22p6k8tbk333sl" xml:space="preserve">{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|d|de|en|qid=Q427370}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:48:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <text bytes="92" sha1="f6igod41v3menlh3wdm0vz8jdm43u87" xml:space="preserve">{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|d|en|nl|qid=Q427370}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:49:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam vacuavit</comment>
      <origin>3986508</origin>
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      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
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  <page>
    <title>Captus amore gravi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>324444</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986425</id>
      <parentid>3986309</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T15:39:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Descriptio */</comment>
      <origin>3986425</origin>
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      <text bytes="6323" sha1="tdnkqv986l69nbjrspz28nzkpcvdtl0" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lres|Captus amore gravi}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LX reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria56-70&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 56–70
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1a.}}Captus amore gravi
me parem rebar avi
fede revincte lari,
que procul ethra videt
nec modulando silet,
inde perire libet.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1b.}}. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
psallere, virgo, pridem,
non semper hec ibidem,
quam scrutabundus amor
notarat et amaror.
hinc ortus ille clamor.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2a.}}Est bilis amarissima,
qualem gignit Sardonia,

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2b.}}In incentivo Veneris
eiusque miri generis

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2c.}}Militiam proponere,
non posse votum solvere.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2d.}}Hec, ecce, virgo inclita,
tibi notabis edita:

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Amor instillat, quare
te, virgo, salutare
velim; sed onus grave
videris acerbare,

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4.}}Dum affligis immeritum,
grave ferens imperium,
vilipendens obloquium,
me minans in interitum,
fidem promittens alteri,
contradicendo Cypridi.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5a.}}Ecce querimonia,
quam genuit amor;
me misit in suspiria
Venereus favor.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5b.}}Cuncta sprevi virginum
ego tripudia,
te volens michi iungere.
modo diludia

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5c.}}Quesivique gratiam;
sed iam alterius
captas benivolentiam;
quo nil deterius

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6a.}}Queo fari.
nec solari
me curat Glycerium;

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6b.}}Me fastidit
et allidit,
estimans inglorium.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6c.}}Bella gero
cum severo
Cypridis ob meritum.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7a.}}Dum mens unam te recolit
famaque nefas comperit,
pupilla fletum protulit;
iam expedit,
ut vera loquamur.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7b.}}Amaveram pre ceteris
te, sed amici veteris
es iam oblita; superis
vel inferis
ream te criminamur?

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8a.}}Dolor, fletus,
ire, metus
tremebundis artubus
simul incubuere.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8b.}}Pre dolore
verso more
canticum conticuit;
nil restat nisi flere.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8c.}}Sorte dira
pendet lyra,
spreta luget. Atropos
filum cessavit nere.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9.}}Me mergis hic,
cum sis illic;
nutando sic
non stabis hic.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|10.}}Sed lubrica contagia
te gaudes insectari;
prostibulum patibulo
iam meruit piari.
en, oro te per superos:
tibi ames obnoxios;
reclude secretarios,
quos nil iuvat amari!

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11.}}Si lethargum vite
insectabor lite,
† hanc colis rite,
† et ego te
in soliloquiorum
carmine canebam,
te unam sapiebam,
idque iustum rebar;
sed nichil audis horum.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|12.}}Michi te subdideras
et amore iunxeras
fallentis vite semitas,
et te ita subverteras,
ut redimam me vivere
presumptuosa temere
amores vi transponeres,
ut cor meum contereres.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13a.}}Usque quo te perferam,
quam premit emulatio?

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13b.}}Ut quid agis perperam,
o dira simulatio?

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|14a.}}Ex fraudibus alternis
et ignominia
cur emula superbis,
bifrons, ingloria?

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|14b.}}Cum federa discerpis,
o preceps nimia,
te funditus evertis
ceu Bachanaria.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|15.}}Si balbi more veritus
nil ausim fari penitus,
† obnixeram emeritus,
quem captat hic interitus.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|16.}}O Cypris alma, conspice
tue clientem opere
penamque nobis exime,
quam patimur indebite!
tu lamiam interripe
eiusque rixas opprime!&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria56-70&quot;/&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen ad sectionem amatoriam pertinet et querimoniam amantis de puella infideli exprimit, quae veteris amoris oblita ad alium animum flexit. Poëta varios affectūs describit, inter quos dolor, fletus, et ira prominent, etiam numina mythologica, velut [[Aphrodite|Cypridem]], [[Venus (dea)|Venerem]], et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Atropos|Atropon|en|qid=Q753294}}, ita invocans ut auxilium ferant vel fati crudelitatem significent. Textus, multis strophis compositus, non solum de amoris amaritudine loquitur, sed etiam de perfidia et simulatione feminae, quam auctor “lamiam” et “bifrontem” appellat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria56-70&quot;/&gt;

In hoc opere, [[Goliardia|goliardica]] elocutio [[Ars rhetorica|rhetoricam]] classicam cum affectibus vehementioribus miscet, ubi amans se captum et prope interitum esse profitetur. Querela precibus ad [[Aphrodite|Cypridem]] directis ita desinit, ut amantis poenam eximat et puellae insolentiam tandem comprimat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria56-70&quot;/&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Lehtonen, 1995
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen = Lehtonen
		| nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy
		| annus = 1995
		| lingua = en
		| locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]]
		| domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]]
		| isbn = 978-951-717-846-4
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>tdnkqv986l69nbjrspz28nzkpcvdtl0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inundationes Nepaliae et Tibeti anni 2026</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328220</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986510</id>
      <parentid>3985772</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:51:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1331" sha1="qitoatxmdfa9tuzv4s0ktqrzz6a4cx8" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}
[[Fasciculus:Mudslide at Gyirong Port 1.webm|thumb|Scaena dum inundatio magna primum fit ad finem civitatum]]
[[Fasciculus:2026 Nepal floods map.svg|thumb|Carta geographica de inundatione Nepaliae et Tibeti anni 2026]]
'''Inundationes Nepaliae et Tibeti anni 2026''' fuernt magnae [[inundatio]]nes quae in [[Nepalia]] et [[Tibetum|Tibeto]] die [[26 Augusti]] [[2026]] plus quam 1200 hominum interfecerunt et in quibus 4200 hominum exstincti sunt.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20260903_03 More than 1,200 dead in Nepal, China after flash floods]&lt;/ref&gt; Urbes pres{{dubsig}} [[flumen]] [[Trisuli]] et [[electrificina]] [[hydroelectricitas|hydroelectricitatis]] destructae sunt. Causa inundationum [[liquefactio]] [[glaciarium|glaciarii]] et [[labina nivis]] esse putatur.

[[Officium Coordinationis Rerum Humanitariarum]] et [[Motus internationalis Crucis Rubrae et Lunae Rubrae]] de [[auxilium humanitarium|auxilio humanitario]] cogitant.{{dubsig}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8xk45k9r1go &quot;Nepal intersities relief and recovary effort after deadly floods, UN says.&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|2026 Nepal and Tibet floods|Inundationes Nepaliae anni 2026}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

[[Categoria:Inundationes]]
[[Categoria:Nepalia]]
[[Categoria:2026]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Kirchgellersen]] ad [[Kirchgellersa]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Gellersen (commune generale)]] ad [[Gellersa (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res/haec|subst:res/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
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      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res typis italicis/haec|subst:res typis italicis/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
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      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res typis italicis/haec|subst:res typis italicis/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res typis italicis/haec|subst:res typis italicis/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res ad litteram/haec|subst:res ad litteram/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
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      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res ad litteram typisque italicis/haec|subst:res ad litteram typisque italicis/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
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      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res de opere quod sic incipit/haec|subst:res de opere quod sic incipit/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
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      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res de opere quod sic incipit/haec|subst:res de opere quod sic incipit/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
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        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirectionem ad formulam {{[[Formula:Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis/haec|subst:res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis/haec]]}} creavi</comment>
      <origin>3986396</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="71" sha1="km2inln2xwfajma9mxjnflsr2pffcts" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:Res de opere quod sic incipit typis italicis/haec]]</text>
      <sha1>km2inln2xwfajma9mxjnflsr2pffcts</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hortus incantatus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328332</id>
    <redirect title="Fabula e Decamerone (Waterhouse)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986405</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:39:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirectionem creavi</comment>
      <origin>3986405</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="46" sha1="j4rj4ssk3lsqaojuicfzzpncokwo31x" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Fabula e Decamerone (Waterhouse)]]</text>
      <sha1>j4rj4ssk3lsqaojuicfzzpncokwo31x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kissenbrügge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328333</id>
    <redirect title="Kissenbruga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986412</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:57:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Kissenbruga]]</comment>
      <origin>3986412</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="dqqasjb74wke6b26v286t733x1drlhl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Kissenbruga]]</text>
      <sha1>dqqasjb74wke6b26v286t733x1drlhl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kissanbruggi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328334</id>
    <redirect title="Kissenbruga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986413</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:58:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Kissenbruga]]</comment>
      <origin>3986413</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="dqqasjb74wke6b26v286t733x1drlhl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Kissenbruga]]</text>
      <sha1>dqqasjb74wke6b26v286t733x1drlhl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kissanbruggi Villa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328335</id>
    <redirect title="Kissenbruga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986414</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T14:59:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Kissenbruga]]</comment>
      <origin>3986414</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="dqqasjb74wke6b26v286t733x1drlhl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Kissenbruga]]</text>
      <sha1>dqqasjb74wke6b26v286t733x1drlhl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kneitlingen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328336</id>
    <redirect title="Kneitlinga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986476</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T19:02:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Kneitlingen]] ad [[Kneitlinga]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3986476</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="e2tv5o8wbrkhmddkkk1878itptht8df" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Kneitlinga]]</text>
      <sha1>e2tv5o8wbrkhmddkkk1878itptht8df</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Königsmoor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328337</id>
    <redirect title="Palus Regis" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986492</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T20:42:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Königsmoor]] ad [[Palus Regis]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3986492</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="oyfgwqh7gibh1kbo146vxxmlbc45nfe" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Palus Regis]]</text>
      <sha1>oyfgwqh7gibh1kbo146vxxmlbc45nfe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales absentes nectuntur</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>328338</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986505</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T21:46:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Prima adumbratio</comment>
      <origin>3986505</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="138" sha1="7pr2a1vasa1lciqzxosagjeq7g9jpwl" xml:space="preserve">{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve
}}

{{Categoria celata utinam vacua}}

[[Categoria:Corrigenda]]</text>
      <sha1>7pr2a1vasa1lciqzxosagjeq7g9jpwl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Krebeck</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328339</id>
    <redirect title="Krebecca" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986544</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:06:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Krebeck]] ad [[Krebecca]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3986544</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="7eawn74n0ytua1cj5znpm7o8epbyj57" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Krebecca]]</text>
      <sha1>7eawn74n0ytua1cj5znpm7o8epbyj57</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Krebeca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328340</id>
    <redirect title="Krebecca" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986549</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:16:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Krebecca]]</comment>
      <origin>3986549</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="7eawn74n0ytua1cj5znpm7o8epbyj57" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Krebecca]]</text>
      <sha1>7eawn74n0ytua1cj5znpm7o8epbyj57</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Krebiki</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328341</id>
    <redirect title="Krebecca" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986550</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:16:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Krebecca]]</comment>
      <origin>3986550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="7eawn74n0ytua1cj5znpm7o8epbyj57" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Krebecca]]</text>
      <sha1>7eawn74n0ytua1cj5znpm7o8epbyj57</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mazzini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328342</id>
    <redirect title="Iosephus Mazzinius" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986558</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T00:39:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirectionem ad [[Iosephus Mazzinius|Iosephum Mazzinium]] creavi</comment>
      <origin>3986558</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="rsskabhih1l2ehtm2qmw3g4kd8oralu" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Iosephus Mazzinius]]</text>
      <sha1>rsskabhih1l2ehtm2qmw3g4kd8oralu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fridericus Ozanam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328343</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3986561</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T01:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3986561</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1493" sha1="pp4ki0y1hvds4b6jsr6m1kfjco7dmmg" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

[[Beatus]] {{res|Antonius Fridericus Ozanam}} (natus [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1813]]; mortuus [[Massilia]]e die [[8 Septembris]] [[1853]]) fuit litterarum peritus, [[iuris consultus]], [[diurnarius]] et iurium aequalium defensor [[Francia|Francogallicus]]. Conditor est societatis [[caritas (virtus)|caritativae]] [[Societas Sancti Vincentii|Societatis Sancti Vincentii a Paulo]]. [[Professor]] [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitatis Parisiensis]] fuit. Quadraginta annos natus e [[phthisis|phthisi]] mortuus est.

A [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo papa II]] anno [[1997]] [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|ecclesiae cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis]] beatus est. [[Dies festus]] eius est [[9 Septembris]].

== Opera ==
* — (1836). ''Deux chanceliers d'Angleterre, Bacon de Verulam et Saint Thomas de Cantorbéry''.
* — (1839). ''Dante et la philosophie catholique au XIIIeme siècle''.
* — (1847–1849). ''Études germanique''s.
* — (1850). ''Documents Inédits pour servir a l'histoire de l'Italie depuis le VIIIeme siècle jusqu'au XIIeme''.
* — (1852). ''Les Poètes franciscains en Italie au XIIIme siècle''.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Frédéric Ozanam|Fridericum Ozanam}}
{{Fontes biographici}}

{{beatus-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|1813|1853|Ozanam, Fridericus}}
[[Categoria:Beati]]
[[Categoria:Causidici]]
[[Categoria:Diurnarii Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Parisiensis]]</text>
      <sha1>pp4ki0y1hvds4b6jsr6m1kfjco7dmmg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Krummhörn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328344</id>
    <redirect title="Cornu Curvatum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986577</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T08:50:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Krummhörn]] ad [[Cornu Curvatum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3986577</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="6bfxrilzsj3jv4y62zibgmh1jqd17im" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Cornu Curvatum]]</text>
      <sha1>6bfxrilzsj3jv4y62zibgmh1jqd17im</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Küsten</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328345</id>
    <redirect title="Kusta" />
    <revision>
      <id>3986583</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-08T11:46:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Küsten]] ad [[Kusta]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3986583</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="d5xp1g3ygwq2zmouqac1lodkiqamk9y" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Kusta]]</text>
      <sha1>d5xp1g3ygwq2zmouqac1lodkiqamk9y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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