Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 375 3987054 3972230 2026-09-10T05:24:31Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} '''Institutiones Latinae''': {{div col|2}} *[[Pontificia Academia Latinitatis]] *[[Centrum Latinitatis Europae]] **Sedes: [[Aquileia]] [[Italia]] **[http://www.centrumlatinitatis.org/ "Centrum" Latinitatis] *[[Circulus Latinus Matritensis]] **Sedes: [[Hispania]] **[http://circuluslatinusmatritensis.blogspot.com Circuli Matritensis] *[[Ephemeris|EPHEMERIS]] **Sedes: Varsovia et Emporiae (Hispania) **[http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net Ephemeris] *[[Forum Romanum (situs interretialis)|Forum Romanum]] **Situs: Interretialis **[http://www.forumromanum.org Forum] {{ling|Anglice}} (continet fontes Latinos) *[[Grex Latine Loquentium]] **Sedes: [[Torunium]], [[Polonia]] **[http://www.alcuinus.net/GLL/index.htm Grex Latine Loquentium] **[https://web.archive.org/web/20030604080231/http://digilander.libero.it/Marziale/Grex/index.html Fontes Latini a Grege Praebiti] *[[LATINITAS]] **Sedes: [[Civitas Vaticana]] **Editiones: [[Latinitas (periodicum)|Latinitas]] et [[Lexicon Recentis Latinitatis]] **[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/index_lt.htm Opus Fundatum Latinitas] **[http://www.vatican.va/latin/latin_index.html Pagina Officialis Lingua Latina Sanctae sedis] *[https://www.lingualatina.net/ LINGUA LATINA] **[https://web.archive.org/web/20250418201128/https://www.lingualatina.net/circulus-lat%C4%ABnus-albig%C4%93nsis Circulus Latinus Albigensis] **[https://www.lingualatina.net/schola-aest%C4%ABva-in-galli%C4%81 Schola aestiva in Gallia]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} **[https://open.spotify.com/show/0Zl9bnBTZ2R6v7TzWb7IJ8?si=6OtofQBsTMK4ECNUpTLRtQ Acroamata] *[[Vivarium Novum]] **Sedes: Roma **[http://vivariumnovum.net/la Pagina interretialis] *[[LATINUM]] **Sedes: [[Londinium]] **[https://web.archive.org/web/20100818201829/http://latinum.mypodcast.com/ LATINUM - Anglice et Latine] *[[Montis Casini Coenobium]] **Sedes: Monasterium [[Mons Casini|Montis Casini]] **[http://www.officine.it/montecassino/main_l.htm Coenobium] *[[MundusLatinus]] **Sedes: **https://web.archive.org/web/20170911175342/http://munduslatinus.de/ *[[Nuntii Latini Italici]] **Sedes: [[Catina]] in [[Sicilia]] **Editio: [[Nuntii Latini Italici]] **[https://web.archive.org/web/20070328091722/http://xoomer.alice.it/cir_lat_cat/ Circulus Latinus Catinensis] *[[Radio Bremen]] (usque mensem Decembrem 2017)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180206063033/http://www.radiobremen.de/bremenzwei/rubriken/latein/latein-nachrichten100.html De emissionum Latinarum fine]</ref> **Sedes: [[Brema]] in [[Germania]] **Editio: Nuntii Latini (Latine et Germanice) **[https://web.archive.org/web/20100618130408/http://www.radiobremen.de/nachrichten/latein/ Radio Bremen] *[[Radiophonia Finnica Generalis]] **Sedes: [[Finnlandia]] **Editio: [[Nuntii Latini (Finnia)|Nuntii Latini]] **[https://web.archive.org/web/20051025065613/http://www.yleradio1.fi/nuntii/ Radiophonia Finnica] *[[SALVI]] **[[Septentrionale Americanum Latinitatis Vivae Institutum]] **Societas Didactica Californiana Commoditati Publicae anno MCMXCVII Condita **[http://www.latin.org/ SALVI in interreti] *[[Septimanae Latinae Amoeneburgenses]] **Septimanae Latinae semel in anno comparatae **Sedes: [[Francofurtum ad Moenum]] **[http://www.septimanalatina.org Septimana Latina] *[[Societas Latina]] **Sedes: [[Saravipontum]] in [[Germania]] **Editio: [[Vox Latina]] **[http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/ Vox Latina] *[[Societas linguae latinae hobartensis]] **Sedes: [[Hobartum]], [[Australia]] **[http://www.informalmusic.com/latinsoc/ Societas Hobartensis] *[[SCHOLA]] **Sedes: interretialis **[https://web.archive.org/web/20120630141837/http://schola.ning.com/ Schola] *[[Statio Radiophonica F.R.E.I.]] **Sedes: [[Erfordia]] **Editio: [[Erfordia Latina]] *[[Studium Angelopolitanum]] **Sedes: [[Angelopolis (Mexicum)]] **[https://studiumangelopolitanum.wordpress.com Studium Angelopolitanum] *''[[The Latin Library]]'' (hoc est "Bibliotheca Latina") *[[Thesaurus Eruditionis Universitatis Manhemensis]] **Situs: [[Germania]] **[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenahtdocs/camenaref.html Thesaurus Eruditionis universitatis Manhemensis] {{ling|Germanice}} *[[UKY]] **Universitas Kentukiana **Sedes: [[Lexintonia]] **[http://www.uky.edu/AS/Classics/institute.html Institutum UKY] *[[Vita Latina]] **Sedes:[[Francia]] **[http://alor.univ-montp3.fr/cercam/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=36 Pagina prima Vitae Latinae] {{Ling|Francogallice}} *[[Vita Latinitatis]] **Sedes: **[https://web.archive.org/web/20090418164315/http://latinitatis.com/ Vita Latinitatis] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Circulus Latinus]] *[[Conventiculum Latinum]] *[[Latinitas viva]] *[[Nuntii Latini]] {{Nexus absunt}} {{Lingua Latina}} [[Categoria:Institutiones Latinae|!]] 1wfcda66015qonytpvnpnui0qtqia4x 0 440 3987062 3983898 2026-09-10T10:02:43Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987062 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:De Viro Optimo.webm|thumb|<!--De Viro Optimo; a short clip from a Latin podcast-->De Viro Optimo; Un spectaculum cortum]]'''Latinitas viva''' est activus [[lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] apud homines nostra aetate viventes usus. == De fautoribus == Vivae Latinitatis fautores cultoresque duos in greges differri possunt, quorum primo ducantur hi, qui vivum activumve Latinitatis usum exercent, ut discipulis haec lingua efficaciore modo ediscenda appareat iucundiusque fiat eius regularum [[grammatica]]rum ac Romanorum operum studium; altero autem ducendi sint illi, qui magnopere proponunt Latinitatem [[lingua auxiliaris internationalis|linguam internationalem]] seu vulgarem esse statuendam, qua homines praecipue variis ex populis oriundi cotidie inter se utantur. == Scholae Latinae == *[[Schola Nova]] *[[Studium Angelopolitanum]] * [[Vivarium Novum]] == Pelliculae == * 2013. ''Imperator, Emperor'' per Conradum Łęcki == Conventus Latini == *[[Circulus Latinus Panormitanus]] *[http://www.circulus.fr/ Circulus Latinus Lutetiensis] == Seminaria vivae Latinitatis == *GrecoLatinoVivo (https://www.grecolatinovivo.it/) == Emissiones radiophonicae == *Nuntii Latini societatis radiophonicae [[Finnia|Finnicae]] ([[Nuntii Latini (Finnia)|Nuntii Latini]]) *Nuntii Latini [[Italia|Italici]] ([[Nuntii Latini Italici]]) *Nuntii Latini Bremenses&thinsp, ''Startseite Latein - Latein - Radio Bremen'' (vide nexus externos) *Nuntii stationis radiophonicae Vaticanae partitionis Germanicae in linguam Latinam versi. *[[Erfordia Latina]], emissiones Latinae e [[Thuringia]]e capite == Emissiones ''Podcast'' == *Colloquia Neolatina [feed://feeds.feedburner.com/Colloquia] [feed://www.stoa.org/colloquia/podcasts/channel-01.xml] *LATINUM [https://web.archive.org/web/20100818201829/http://latinum.mypodcast.com/ ''LATINUM - The Online Latin Language Audio Course from London'' apud latinum.mypodcast.com] == Catenae cursuales == *[[Grex Latine Loquentium]] == Nuntiorum greges (Anglice newsgroups) == *[http://groups.google.com/group/alt.language.latin?lnk=lr alt.language.latin] == Locutoria Latina == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907134447/http://www.e.millner.btinternet.co.uk/languages/LOCUTORIUM.html Locutorium Virtuale Scholae],In Locutorio Virtuali nostro aliis cum colloquiorum participibus aut microphono aut machina photographica telari adhibitis vel solito modo scriptione simplici utens communicare potes. *canalis latina ad moderatra dal.net *Circuli Latini Panormitani [http://www.cirlapa.org/locutorium/ locutorium]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *http://chat.yle.fi/yleradio1/latini/viewforum.php?f=2&topicdays=0&start=0{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} **https://web.archive.org/web/20120630141837/http://schola.ning.com/ {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} *[[Auctores Neolatini]] *[[Certamen linguae Latinae]] *[[Conventiculum Latinum]] *[[Ephemeris (diarium interretiale)]] *[[Hebdomada Aenigmatum]] *[[Index verborum neolatinorum]] *[[Institutiones Latinae]] * [[Iosephus Haslinger]] *[[JACT]] *''[[Lexicon recentis Latinitatis]]'' *[[Libri Latine redditi]] *[[Lingua Latina botanica]] *[[Lingua Neolatina]] *[[Lexicon]] *[[Nova Roma]] *[[Vicipaedia Latina]] {{div col end}} == Nexus externi == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151025071226/http://www.latineloqui.de.vu/ Colloquium Latinum Franconiae Mediae borealis (habetur Erlangae, Norimbergae, Furdae - olim habebatur Berolini).] *[http://www.alcuinus.net/GLL/index.htm Grex Latine Loquentium.] *[https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/index.php Ephemeris.] *[http://www.lvpa.de Latinitati Vivae Provehendae Associatio.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170502120551/http://linguaeterna.com/bibl/doc.php Lingua Latina Aeterna.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100512051336/http://latindiscussion.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=19 Colloquium Latinum.] *[http://sententiae.free.fr Sententiae Latinae]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120630141837/http://schola.ning.com/ Schola], Scribendum est nobis! *[https://studiumangelopolitanum.wordpress.com Studium Angelopolitanum./] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100818201829/http://latinum.mypodcast.com/ ''LATINUM - The Online Latin Language Audio Course from London'' apud latinum.mypodcast.com]. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180103204815/http://www.radiobremen.de/bremenzwei/rubriken/latein/latein-startseite100.html ''Startseite Latein - Latein - Radio Bremen'' apud www.radiobremen.de.] *[http://www.via-neolatina.fr www. Via neolatina] (Francogallice). {{Lingua Latina}} [[Categoria:Latinitas viva|!]] hbwiragzab8tpznp4t47fmp03qaagsn 0 3484 3987073 3969670 2026-09-10T11:39:29Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa linguae |nomen latine ={{PAGENAME}} |nomen =[[:ja:日本語|日本語]] |pronunciation =ɲihoŋɡo |color familiae=#dddddd |familia =lingua ab aliis segregata nisi, ut credunt nonnulli |fabulantes =127&nbsp;000&nbsp;000 |fabulantes2 = |nationes =[[Iaponia]] |civitas =[[Brasilia]], [[C. F. A.]] (praecipue [[Havaii]]), aliisque in locis |scriptura =[[Scriptura Iaponica|Iaponica]] |litteratura = |procuratio = |iso1 =ja |iso2 =jpn |iso3 =jpn |tabula =[[Fasciculus:Human Language Families (wikicolors).png|center|255px|Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae]] |syllabus =[[Linguae mundi|Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae]] |tabula2 = |syllabus2 = }} '''Lingua Iaponica''' (Iaponice 日本語, ''nihongo'') est [[sermo]] quo plus quam 127&nbsp;000&nbsp;000 [[homo|hominum]] utuntur in [[Iaponia]] et extra. [[Fasciculus:Nihongo.svg|thumb|upright=0.3|[[Vocabulum]] ''Nihongo'' ('lingua Iaponica') in [[scriptura Iaponica]] scriptum.]] Lingua est insignis varietate [[pronomen|pronominum]] [[verbum honorificum|honorificorum]], quae apta esse putatur ad genera honorum quae in [[societas hominum|societate]] populi Iaponici multum valent. Etenim sunt formae [[verbum (grammatica generalis)|verborum]] et [[vocabulum|vocabula]] propria quae rationem indicant quae inter eum qui loquitur et eum quem loquens adloquitur intercedit. Lingua autem numero [[Sonus|sonorum]] distinctorum potius parvo utitur. Lingua Iaponica per plus quam [[quindecim]] [[saeculum|saecula]] speciem [[Lingua Sinica|linguae Sinicae]] fert. Nam scribitur [[scriptura]] quae ex [[Littera Sinica|litteris Sinicis]] (漢字 ''kanji'') et syllabicis (ひらがな ''hiragana'' et カタカナ ''katakana'') ipsisque de notis Sinicis deductis componitur. Per eam scripturam factum est, ut sermo Iaponicus multa vocabula et locutiones complectatur quae recta via ex lingua Sinica in eum sunt conversae. == Classificatio == Lingua Iaponica in [[Familia lingualis Iaponica|familia lingualis Iaponica]] numeratur, sed de linguae origine ab iis, qui [[Linguistica historica|linguisticam historicam]] explorant et hanc linguam a ceteris seponunt, adhuc disputatur. De ratione quae inter linguam Iaponicam et alias linguas intercedit multa et varia disseruntur (certissima prima adferuntur): * Lingua Iaponica in numero [[Linguae Altaicae|linguarum Altaicarum]] habenda est. Aliae linguae huius familiae sunt linguae [[lingua Mongolica|Mongolica]], [[lingua Tungusica|Tungusica]], [[lingua Turca|Turca]],<!--non Turcica?--> et (opinione quidem propositorum) [[lingua Coreana|Coreana]]. Pariter ac linguae [[lingua Turca|Turca]] [[lingua Coreana|Coreanaque]] lingua Iaponica est [[lingua agglutinativa]]. Est magnus numerus verborum cottidianorum quae quandam similitudinem exhibere videntur, exempli gratia (inter Iaponicam et Turcam): ** ''ishi'' ([[saxum]]) → ''daş'' ** ''yon'' ([[quattuor]]) → ''dört'' ** ''kura'' ([[ephippium]]) → ''kürtün'' ** ''kiru'' ([[scindere]]) → ''kir-'' ** ''inu'' ([[canis]]) → ''it'' ** ''kuro'' ([[niger]]) et ''kurai'' ([[obscurus]]) → ''köl'' ([[umbra]]) ** et cetera * Lingua Iaponica est cognata linguis exstinctis, quibus homines in antiquis [[Corea]]e [[Mantzuria]]eque [[cultura|culturis]] utebantur. Exemplum notissimum est Goguryeo ([[Koguryo]], [[Gogurio]]); exempla minus nota sunt Baekje ([[Paekje]]) et Buyeo ([[Buyo]]). Propositores doctrinae [[Lingua Buyonenses|linguarum Buyonensum]] plerumque linguam Coreanam hodiernam non in illius familia numerant, quia satis constat linguam Coreanam e lingua antiqua [[Lingua Silla|Silla]] exortam esse. Parva harum linguarum [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]], ac ligerae historicae harum culturarum, sunt indicia primaria. Haec doctrina substituta est doctrina [[Linguae Altaicae|Altaica]]. * Lingua Iaponica est linguae Coreanae cognata. Haec coniectura est propter similitudinem [[grammatica]]rum linguarum [[grammatica Iaponica|Iaponicae]] [[Grammatica Coreana|Coreanaeque]]. Propositores huius doctrinae proposuerunt [[Verbum cognatum|verba cognata]] ad linguas Iaponicam Coreamque. Haec doctrina in loco doctrinae Altaicae substituta est. * Lingua Iaponica est lingua mixta. Similitudines [[phonologia|phonologicae]] et proximitas [[geographia|geographica]] ad [[Linguae Austronesiae|linguas Austronesias]] subiciunt theoriam linguam Iaponicam est genus lingua mixta. * Lingua Iaponica est integre lingua [[linguae Austronesiae|Austronesia]]. Non satis constat haec doctrina, quia [[grammatica]] [[vocabularium]]que Iaponica sunt omnino diversi quam quamlibet lingua Austronesia nota. * [[Susumu Ono]] et aliae linguistae, cum [[R. Caidvell]],{{dubsig}} [[Susumu Shiba]], et [[Fujiwara Akira]], subiecerunt cognationem inter linguas Iaponicam et [[lingua Tamilensis|Tamilensem]], membrum [[Familia Dravidiana|familiae Dravidianae]] in [[India|Indiá]] meridiná adhibitae. Linguae Iaponica Tamilensisque sunt ambo linguae agglutinativae et earum grammatica vocabulariaque sunt similia. [[Linguista historica|Linguistae historicae]] quae linguae Iaponicae studeant consentiunt linguam Iaponicam cognatum ad [[Linguae Riuciuanae|linguas Riuciuanas]] (cum [[Ocinavensis|Ocinavense]]) esse, ergo [[Linguae Iaponicae|linguas Iaponicas]] existimantur. Apud linguistas, possibilitas cognationis geneticus ad Gogurionem tenet evidentiam fortem, et cognatio ad linguam Coreanam est possibilis sed incertus. Doctrina Altaica non satis constat, sed factus est respectabilior nostro tempore, gratias ad [[Sergei Starostin]] et alios. Plurimae linguistae reiciunt notionem linguam Iaponicam cognatam esse ad linguas [[Linguae Malaico-Polynesicae|Malaico-Polynesicas]] (vel etiam [[Linguae Austronesiae|Austronesias]]), [[Linguae Sino-Tibeticae|Sino-Tibeticas]], vel [[Lingua Tamilensis|Tamilensem]]. Investigationes linguisticae, velut totae investigationes, possunt mutare propter politicas ac causas alias. Exempli gratia, plurimae linguistae dicunt linguas [[Lingua Dacoromanica|Dacoromanicam]] et lingua [[Respublica Moldavica|Reipublicae Moldavicae]] easdem esse, et diversos nomina pro rationibus politicalibus habere. Iaponia et suos vecinos{{dubsig}} historice non bene convenerunt, ergo studium cognationum linguarum est periculosum, sed minus pericolosum investigatoribus Nipponicis. == Distributio geographica == Lingua Iaponica est lingua praecipue in [[Iaponia]] et [[Okinava]] dicta. In insulá [[Anguar]]{{dubsig}}, [[Lingua Anguar]]{{dubsig}}, Lingua Iaponica, et [[Lingua Anglica]] adhibentur. [[Fasciculus:Japanese (standard) vowels.png|thumb|Vocales Iaponicae]] == Grammatica == Lingua Iaponica in modo scripto mixtionem [[abecedarium|abecedariorum]] trium adhibet; [[kanji]], [[hiragana]], et [[katakana]]. Kanji est [[ideogramma|abecedarium ideographicum]], et alii duo [[syllaba]]e. Katakana modo ad verba derivata adhibetur. Lingua Iaponica eg multa verba [[lingua Anglica|Anglica]] derivata habet, quod katakana communiter facit. === Syntaxis === Syntaxis SOV est, et in fine [[sententia]]rum verbum fit. === Nomina === [[Nomen substantivum|Nomina substantiva]] Iaponica neque [[numerus (grammatica)|numeros]] neque [[genus (grammatica)|genera]] neque [[casus (grammatica)|casus]] habent. Ergo [[vocabulum]] ''inu'' (犬) significare potest 'unum [[canis|canem]]', 'canem', 'canes', et 'omnes canes'. === Pronomina === ==== Pronomina personalia ==== [[Pronomen personale|Pronomina personalia]] comitatu et genere mutant. *Ego = ''watashi'' (genus commune) ==== Pronomina demonstrativa ==== * ''ko'' (こ)　'hic', ''so''　(そ) 'ille', ''a'' (あ) 'illud (procul)' === Verba === [[Verbum|Verba]] personis, numeris, generibus non coniugant. Ergo verbum ''hanashita'' (話した) significare potest 'dixi', 'dixisti', 'dixit', etc. Duo [[tempus (grammatica)|tempora]] adsunt, praesens et praeteritum. Verba pro comitatibus mutant: * sententia basica{{dubsig}} = ''tabe-ta'' (食べた) * sententia comis = ''tabe-mashita'' (食べました) Utraque sententiarum significat praeteritum verbi 'edendi'. === Particulae === Lingua Iaponica significat casus per particulas grammaticas. *''ga'' (が) = [[nominativus]] *''no'' (の) = [[genetivus]] *(''w'')''o'' (を) = [[accusativus]] (in sermone commune, ''w'' non sonatus est) *''ni'' (に) = [[dativus]] et [[ablativus]] *(''h'')''e'' (へ) = [[locativus]] (per "he" litteram scribitur) Lingua Iaponica etiam tenet particulam ''wa'' (は) (per "ha" scribitur), quae similis est Latinae 'de', sed cum usu [[nominativus|nominativi]]. {| border="0" | ''Watashi wa || tomodachi ni || hon o || agemasu'' |- | 私(は) || 友達に || 本を || あげます |- | (de) me || amico || librum || do |} Wa は vs. Ga　が Quidem ''ga'' subiectum [[sententia]]e significat, at ''wa'' subiectum orationis significat. * 私はマルクスです。　イタリア人です。日本語ができます。 * ''watashi-wa Marukusu-desu. Itaria-jin-desu. Nihongo-ga deki-masu.'' * Marcus sum. Italus sum. Iaponice dicere possum. Nota: ''Nihongo'' subiectum tertiae sententiae est, sed ''watashi'' 'ego' subiectum orationis est.<ref>[http://www.guidetojapanese.org/ De lingua] apud www.guidetojapanese.org.</ref><ref>[http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/s_jgrammar.html De grammatica] apud www.csse.monash.edu.au.</ref> == Vocabularium == [[Fasciculus:Vocabulario 1603 tp.jpg|thumb|''Vocabulario da lingoa de Iapam'' [[Lusitane]] anno [[1603]] divulgatum: titulus]] === ''Esse'' === Tria verba de esse adsunt; ''iru''　(いる), ''aru''　(ある), et ''da''　(だ). *''hon-wa tēburu-ni aru.'' 'Liber est in mensa.' *''inu-wa doko-ni iru-ka.'' 'Ubi est canis?' *''da'' per omnes nomina statum significat. *''kodomo-wa shizuka-da.'' 'Puer est tranquillus.' *''watashi-wa roumajin-da.'' 'Ego sum Romano.' === Dies === *''nichiyoubi'' (日曜日) '[[dies Solis]]' *''getsuyoubi'' (月曜日) '[[dies Lunae]]' *''kayoubi'' (火曜日) '[[dies Martis]]' *''suiyoubi'' (水曜日) '[[dies Mercurii]]' *''mokuyoubi'' (木曜日) '[[dies Iovis]]' *''kinyoubi'' (金曜日) '[[dies Veneris]]' *''doyoubi'' (土曜日) '[[dies Saturni]]' === ''hai'' (はい) et ''iie'' (いいえ) === Multe dure converteri. *''hai'' (はい) 'concordat, est, ita', etc. sit. Similis verbi Anglici ''yes'' et Francogallici ''oui'' est. *''iie'' (いいえ) 'non concordat, non est, non ita, minime, non', etc. sit. Similis verbi Anglici ''no'' et Francogallici ''non'' est. === Cetera === (Verba similiter latine): *''esa'' (餌)/(えさ) 'esca' aut 'cibum' *''okiru'' (起きる) 'accidere' ('occidere') *''iku'' (行く) 'ire' *''namae (名前) 'nomen' *''taifū (台風) '[[typhon]]'/'tempestas' {{NexInt}} *[[Index formarum Latinarum nominum Iaponicorum]] *[[Lingua Iaponica classica]] *[[Scriptum Iaponicum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == *''Japanese Phrasebook.'' Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Melburnia, editio quinta, Iulio 2008, ISBN 978-1-74104-231-3. *Bloch, Bernard. [[1946]]. Studies in colloquial Japanese I: Inflection. ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'' 66:97–130. *Bloch, Bernard. [[1946]]. Studies in colloquial Japanese II: Syntax. ''Language'' 22:200–248. *Chafe, William L. [[1976]]. Giveness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. In ''Subject and topic,'' ed. Charles N. Li, 25–56. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-447350-4. *Dalby, Andrew. [[2004]]. [http://www.credoreference.com/entry/dictlang/japanese "Japanese,"]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in ''Dictionary of Languages: the Definitive Reference to More than 400 Languages.'' Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231115681; ISBN 9780231115698; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/dictionary-of-languages-the-definitive-reference-to-more-than-400-languages/oclc/474656178 OCLC 474656178] * Frellesvig, Bjarke. [[2010]]. ''A history of the Japanese language''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-65320-6. *{{cite book |last1 = Kindaichi |first1 = Haruhiko |last2 = Hirano |first2 = Umeyo |title = The Japanese Language |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=IZhFf3hlgNoC |year = [[1978]] |publisher = Tuttle Publishing |isbn = 978-0-8048-1579-6}} *Kuno, Susumu. [[1973]]. ''The structure of the Japanese language''. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-11049-0. *Kuno, Susumu. [[1976]]. Subject, theme, and the speaker's empathy: A re-examination of relativization phenomena. In ''Subject and topic'' ed. Charles N. Li, 417–444. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-447350-4. *Martin, Samuel E. [[1975]]. ''A reference grammar of Japanese''. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01813-4. *McClain, Yoko Matsuoka. [[1981]]. ''Handbook of modern Japanese grammar:'' {{lang|ja|口語日本文法便覧}} [''Kōgo Nihon bumpō'']. Tokyo: Hokuseido Press. ISBN 4-590-00570-0; ISBN 0-89346-149-0. * Miller, Roy. [[1967]]. ''The Japanese language''. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. * Miller, Roy. [[1980]]. ''Origins of the Japanese language: Lectures in Japan during the academic year, 1977–78''. Seattli: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-95766-2. * Mizutani, Osamu, et Nobuko Mizutani. [[1987]]. ''How to be polite in Japanese:'' {{lang|ja|日本語の敬語}} [''Nihongo no keigo'']. Tokyo: The Japan Times. ISBN 4-7890-0338-8. *{{cite book |last = Robbeets |first = Martine Irma |title = Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=7ysws67HZegC |year = [[2005]] |publisher = Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn = 978-3-447-05247-4}}. * Shibatani, Masayoshi. [[1990]]. Japanese. In B. Comrie (Ed.), ''The major languages of east and south-east Asia''. Londinii: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-04739-0. * Shibatani, Masayoshi. [[1990]]. ''The languages of Japan''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36070-6; ISBN 0-521-36918-5 (charta). * Shibamoto, Janet S. [[1985]]. ''Japanese women's language''. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-640030-X. * Tsujimura, Natsuko. [[1996]]. ''An introduction to Japanese linguistics''. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-19855-5; ISBN 0-631-19856-3 (charta). * Tsujimura, Natsuko (Ed.) [[1999]]. ''The handbook of Japanese linguistics''. Malden Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-20504-7. *{{cite book |last = Vovin |first = Alexander |title = Korea-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=um8O1bp-86EC |year = [[2010]] |publisher = University of Hawaii Press |isbn = 978-0-8248-3278-0}}. == Fontes antiquiores == * 1603 : {{ec|id=Vocabulario (1603)|c=''[[Vocabulário da língua de Japão|Vocabulario da lingoa de Japam]], com adeclaração em portugues, feito por alguns padres e irmaõs da Companhia de Jesu''. Em Nengasaqui [Nagasaki], 1603; [https://archive.org/details/nippojishovocabv06doit Exemplar mutuabile] }} ([[Ioannes Rodrigues|Ioanni Rodrigues]] attributum) * [[1632]] : [[Didacus Colladus|Colladi]] ''Ars Grammaticae Iaponicae Linguae'' [http://wwwopac.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/cgi-bin/limedio/limewwwopac/page?sessionId=20050910.5745;sessionSeq=3033;sessionLang=eng;sessionCode=utf8;bookid=698061;tocid=0;pageseq=2;sessionId=20050910.5745]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17713 ''Ars grammaticae Iaponicae linguae by Diego Collado - Project Gutenberg'' apud www.gutenberg.org] * [[1632]] : [[Didacus Colladus|Colladi]] ''Dictionarium sive thesauri linguae Iaponicae compendium'' * [[1870]]: Ambrosii Calepini ''[https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lexicon_latino_japonicum_depromptum_ex_o/we1GAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1 Lexicon latino-iaponicum, depromptum ex opere cui titulus Dictionarium latino-lusitanicum ac Iaponicum typis primum mandatum in Amacusa in Collegio Iaponico Societatis Iesu anno Domini M.D. XCV.]'' == Nexus externi == {{InterWiki|code=ja}} {{CommuniaCat|Japanese language|linguam Iaponicam}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090202181422/http://www.shotokai.com.br/akser-curso-de-japones.html AKSER Brasil - Lingua Iaponica], apud www.shotokai.com.br * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041211041914/http://ha5.seikyou.ne.jp/home/geschu/frame_lt.htm Index Verborum linguae Iaponicae - Latinae], apud ha5.seikyou.ne.jp (solum verba [[ius|iuris]]) {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} [[Categoria:Lingua Iaponica|!]] rwihwogecdl3skxhyy8m0buvsw04orc 0 6156 3986963 3952913 2026-09-09T19:06:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Opera */ 3986963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:Como - Dome - Facade - Plinius the Elder.jpg|thumb|Simulacrum Plinii minoris.]] {{Videdis|Plinius}} '''Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus''' (natus ''Gaius Caecilius'' vel ''Gaius Caecilius Cilo'' [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]] anno [[61]] vel [[62]]; mortuus veri similiter anno [[113]] vel [[115]]), vulgo '''Plinius Minor''' appellatus, fuit [[iuris consultus]] et [[scriptor]] Latinus. Anno [[82]] [[tribunus militum]] in [[Syria (provincia Romana)|Syria]] meruit, deinde [[quaestor]], [[tribunus plebis]], [[praetor]], annoque [[100]] [[consul suffectus]], anno [[111]] denique legatus pro praetore provinciae [[Pontus|Ponti]] et [[Bithynia]]e consulari potestate [[Bithynia et Pontus|Bithyniae et Ponti]] provinciae, fuit [[nepos]] [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinii Maioris]] anno [[79]] in eruptione [[Vesuvius|Vesuvii]] mortui. Dum adhuc [[puer]] est, [[pater]] Caecilius mortuus est, et avunculus Plinium adoptavit. [[Fasciculus:Tuscum des Plinius Schninkel AA.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Plinius tres villas habuit, [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]], [[Laurentum|Laurenti]], [[Tifernum Tiberinum|Tiferni]]; reconstructio huius a [[Carolus Fridericus Schinkel|Carolo Schinkel]] picta est.]] Plinius fuit [[Marcus Fabius Quintilianus|Quintiliani]], [[rhetor]]is et doctissimi viri, [[discipulus]]. Fuit etiam [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]] amicus, ad quem duas [[epistulas]] notas misit (''Epistulae'' 6.16, 6.20) ut narraret quomodo avunculus mortuus esset et quae eodem die ipse fecisset. Ter Plinius [[uxor]]em duxit, sed nullos [[liberi|liberos]] genuit. Traianus autem [[imperator]] ei [[ius]] trium [[liberi|liberorum]] dedit. Plinius suam pecuniam dedit magistro conducendo ut liberi [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]] discerent (''Epistulae'' 4.13); dedit quoque balnea et bibliothecam (''CIL'' V.5262 = ''ILS'' 2927). == Opera == * ''[[Panegyricus Traiani]]'' * ''[[Epistulae (Plinius)|Epistularum libri decem]]'' (numero 369) ** Libri I-IX: epistulae ad amicos ** [[Plinii et Traiani epistulae|Liber X]]: epistulae quas inter se Plinius et [[Traianus]] imperator miserunt. Aliquot Plinii epistulae pronuntiatione restituta auscultari possunt.<ref>[https://open.spotify.com/episode/6YIOWQpFcFvd1JST2EXFtr?si=hHjKxJdIT2CdTaRcCZc14A hic.]</ref> == Bibliographia == ; Veteriora * {{Fabricius Latina}} pp. 477-484 ; Noviora * Nicholas F. Jones, "Pliny the Younger's Vesuvius "Letters" (6.16 and 6.20)" in ''Classical World'' vol. 95 (2001) pp. 31-48 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4352621 JSTOR] * Greg Woolf, "Pliny's Province" et Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen, "Local Politics in an Imperial Context" in Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen, ed., ''Rome and the Black Sea Region'' (Aarhus University Press, 2006. ISBN 87-7934-174-8) pp. 93-117. {{NexInt}} *[[Villa Comoedia]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Plinius Minor|Plinium Minorem}} {{vicifons|Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.panegyricus.html Panegyricus] * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.html Epistularum libri decem] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041224011159/http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Everyone/Pompeii/Destruction.html Eruptio Vesuvii Latine et Anglice] {{Lifetime|61|112|Plinius Caecilius Secundus, Gaius}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti]] [[Categoria:Legati Bithyniae et Ponti]] [[Categoria:Praetores]] [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae Cisalpinae]] [[Categoria:Traianus]] [[Categoria:Tribuni plebis]] gycofwaoaj9dyoppcgm8l8uclhhp79j 3986965 3986963 2026-09-09T19:14:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Opera */ 3986965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:Como - Dome - Facade - Plinius the Elder.jpg|thumb|Simulacrum Plinii minoris.]] {{Videdis|Plinius}} '''Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus''' (natus ''Gaius Caecilius'' vel ''Gaius Caecilius Cilo'' [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]] anno [[61]] vel [[62]]; mortuus veri similiter anno [[113]] vel [[115]]), vulgo '''Plinius Minor''' appellatus, fuit [[iuris consultus]] et [[scriptor]] Latinus. Anno [[82]] [[tribunus militum]] in [[Syria (provincia Romana)|Syria]] meruit, deinde [[quaestor]], [[tribunus plebis]], [[praetor]], annoque [[100]] [[consul suffectus]], anno [[111]] denique legatus pro praetore provinciae [[Pontus|Ponti]] et [[Bithynia]]e consulari potestate [[Bithynia et Pontus|Bithyniae et Ponti]] provinciae, fuit [[nepos]] [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinii Maioris]] anno [[79]] in eruptione [[Vesuvius|Vesuvii]] mortui. Dum adhuc [[puer]] est, [[pater]] Caecilius mortuus est, et avunculus Plinium adoptavit. [[Fasciculus:Tuscum des Plinius Schninkel AA.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Plinius tres villas habuit, [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]], [[Laurentum|Laurenti]], [[Tifernum Tiberinum|Tiferni]]; reconstructio huius a [[Carolus Fridericus Schinkel|Carolo Schinkel]] picta est.]] Plinius fuit [[Marcus Fabius Quintilianus|Quintiliani]], [[rhetor]]is et doctissimi viri, [[discipulus]]. Fuit etiam [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]] amicus, ad quem duas [[epistulas]] notas misit (''Epistulae'' 6.16, 6.20) ut narraret quomodo avunculus mortuus esset et quae eodem die ipse fecisset. Ter Plinius [[uxor]]em duxit, sed nullos [[liberi|liberos]] genuit. Traianus autem [[imperator]] ei [[ius]] trium [[liberi|liberorum]] dedit. Plinius suam pecuniam dedit magistro conducendo ut liberi [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]] discerent (''Epistulae'' 4.13); dedit quoque balnea et bibliothecam (''CIL'' V.5262 = ''ILS'' 2927). == Opera == * ''[[Panegyricus Traiani]]'' * ''[[Epistulae (Plinius)|Epistularum libri decem]]'' (numero 369) ** Libri I-IX: epistulae ad amicos ** [[Plinii et Traiani epistulae|Liber X]]: epistulae quas inter se Plinius et [[Traianus]] imperator miserunt. * Orationes iudiciarias hodie deperditas quoque publicarat ut ''Pro Attia Viriola'' cuius artem laudabat [[Sidonius Apollinaris]]<ref>''Epistulae'' VIII.10.3.</ref> maiorem quam in ''Panegyrico''. Aliquot Plinii epistulae pronuntiatione restituta auscultari possunt.<ref>[https://open.spotify.com/episode/6YIOWQpFcFvd1JST2EXFtr?si=hHjKxJdIT2CdTaRcCZc14A hic.]</ref> == Bibliographia == ; Veteriora * {{Fabricius Latina}} pp. 477-484 ; Noviora * Nicholas F. Jones, "Pliny the Younger's Vesuvius "Letters" (6.16 and 6.20)" in ''Classical World'' vol. 95 (2001) pp. 31-48 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4352621 JSTOR] * Greg Woolf, "Pliny's Province" et Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen, "Local Politics in an Imperial Context" in Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen, ed., ''Rome and the Black Sea Region'' (Aarhus University Press, 2006. ISBN 87-7934-174-8) pp. 93-117. {{NexInt}} *[[Villa Comoedia]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Plinius Minor|Plinium Minorem}} {{vicifons|Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.panegyricus.html Panegyricus] * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.html Epistularum libri decem] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041224011159/http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Everyone/Pompeii/Destruction.html Eruptio Vesuvii Latine et Anglice] {{Lifetime|61|112|Plinius Caecilius Secundus, Gaius}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti]] [[Categoria:Legati Bithyniae et Ponti]] [[Categoria:Praetores]] [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae Cisalpinae]] [[Categoria:Traianus]] [[Categoria:Tribuni plebis]] 0zsnku40glim5386kgak1r901pt9rdb 3986966 3986965 2026-09-09T19:16:11Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Opera */ 3986966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:Como - Dome - Facade - Plinius the Elder.jpg|thumb|Simulacrum Plinii minoris.]] {{Videdis|Plinius}} '''Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus''' (natus ''Gaius Caecilius'' vel ''Gaius Caecilius Cilo'' [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]] anno [[61]] vel [[62]]; mortuus veri similiter anno [[113]] vel [[115]]), vulgo '''Plinius Minor''' appellatus, fuit [[iuris consultus]] et [[scriptor]] Latinus. Anno [[82]] [[tribunus militum]] in [[Syria (provincia Romana)|Syria]] meruit, deinde [[quaestor]], [[tribunus plebis]], [[praetor]], annoque [[100]] [[consul suffectus]], anno [[111]] denique legatus pro praetore provinciae [[Pontus|Ponti]] et [[Bithynia]]e consulari potestate [[Bithynia et Pontus|Bithyniae et Ponti]] provinciae, fuit [[nepos]] [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinii Maioris]] anno [[79]] in eruptione [[Vesuvius|Vesuvii]] mortui. Dum adhuc [[puer]] est, [[pater]] Caecilius mortuus est, et avunculus Plinium adoptavit. [[Fasciculus:Tuscum des Plinius Schninkel AA.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Plinius tres villas habuit, [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]], [[Laurentum|Laurenti]], [[Tifernum Tiberinum|Tiferni]]; reconstructio huius a [[Carolus Fridericus Schinkel|Carolo Schinkel]] picta est.]] Plinius fuit [[Marcus Fabius Quintilianus|Quintiliani]], [[rhetor]]is et doctissimi viri, [[discipulus]]. Fuit etiam [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]] amicus, ad quem duas [[epistulas]] notas misit (''Epistulae'' 6.16, 6.20) ut narraret quomodo avunculus mortuus esset et quae eodem die ipse fecisset. Ter Plinius [[uxor]]em duxit, sed nullos [[liberi|liberos]] genuit. Traianus autem [[imperator]] ei [[ius]] trium [[liberi|liberorum]] dedit. Plinius suam pecuniam dedit magistro conducendo ut liberi [[Novum Comum|Novi Comi]] discerent (''Epistulae'' 4.13); dedit quoque balnea et bibliothecam (''CIL'' V.5262 = ''ILS'' 2927). == Opera == * ''[[Panegyricus Traiani]]'' * ''[[Epistulae (Plinius)|Epistularum libri decem]]'' (numero 369) ** Libri I-IX: epistulae ad amicos ** [[Plinii et Traiani epistulae|Liber X]]: epistulae quas inter se Plinius et [[Traianus]] imperator miserunt. * Orationes iudiciarias hodie deperditas quoque publicarat ut ''Pro Attia Viriola'' cuius artem laudabat [[Sidonius Apollinaris]]<ref>''Epistulae'' VIII.10.3.</ref> maiorem quam in ''Panegyrico''. Aliquot Plinii epistulae pronuntiatione restituta auscultari possunt.<ref>[https://open.spotify.com/episode/6YIOWQpFcFvd1JST2EXFtr?si=hHjKxJdIT2CdTaRcCZc14A hic.]</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == ; Veteriora * {{Fabricius Latina}} pp. 477-484 ; Noviora * Nicholas F. Jones, "Pliny the Younger's Vesuvius "Letters" (6.16 and 6.20)" in ''Classical World'' vol. 95 (2001) pp. 31-48 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4352621 JSTOR] * Greg Woolf, "Pliny's Province" et Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen, "Local Politics in an Imperial Context" in Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen, ed., ''Rome and the Black Sea Region'' (Aarhus University Press, 2006. ISBN 87-7934-174-8) pp. 93-117. {{NexInt}} *[[Villa Comoedia]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Plinius Minor|Plinium Minorem}} {{vicifons|Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.panegyricus.html Panegyricus] * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.html Epistularum libri decem] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041224011159/http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Everyone/Pompeii/Destruction.html Eruptio Vesuvii Latine et Anglice] {{Lifetime|61|112|Plinius Caecilius Secundus, Gaius}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti]] [[Categoria:Legati Bithyniae et Ponti]] [[Categoria:Praetores]] [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae Cisalpinae]] [[Categoria:Traianus]] [[Categoria:Tribuni plebis]] 0r310m3c6vy6h6dezov0kle0ycyt9q5 0 9846 3986983 3947903 2026-09-09T20:41:30Z LilyKitty 18316 de experimento Griffith 3986983 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Copiadna.JPG|thumb|[[Molecula]] [[ADN]] se transcribit.]] '''Genetica''' est [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] quae [[hereditas (biologia)|hereditatem]] indagat omnium viventium, vel [[bacteria|bacteriorum]] vel [[animalia|animalium]]. Fundamenta hereditatis iacent intra [[cellula]]m, sive partem viventem minimam omnium viventium. [[Molecula]]e quae transducunt qualitates, sunt [[acidum nucleicum|acida nucleica]], [[ADN]] et [[RNA|ARN]], hic acidum desoxyribonucleicum et hac acidum ribonucleicum. Hae moleculae ita nominantur quia primum in nucleo [[cellula]]rum inventae sunt. Genetica, ut intellegat [[lex|leges]] [[hereditas (biologia)|hereditatis]], varias [[via]]s tenet. Quamobrem, velut ceteris scientiis, et geneticae sunt variae divisiones: * [[Cytogenetica]] (de [[chromosoma]]tibus) * [[Genetica molecularis]] (de acidis nucleicis) * [[Genetica popularis]] (de crebritate qualitatum per populum) * [[Genetica clinica]] aut medicalis (de morbis familiaribus) * [[Immunogenetica]] (de anosologica) * [[mRNA]] (de [[informatio genetica|informatione genetica]]) * [[Genetica Microbialis]] (de [[bacterium|bacteriis]]) * [[Phytogenetica]] (de qualitatibus herbarum) * [[Clonizatio]] * [[Genetica medicinalis]] * [[Optogenetica]] (de simul geneticae et [[optica]]e methodis) * [[Epigenetica]] * et caeterae == Historia == [[Saeculum 19|Undeviginti saeculo]] [[Austria]]cus [[Gregorius Mendel]] [[monachus]] [[Ordo Sancti Augustini|Ordinis sancti Augustini]] ex obversavtionibus apud ''[[Pisum sativum]]'' suis leges geneticos tres (lex ''uniformitatis'', lex ''dysiunctionis'', ac lex ''novae mixturae materiae geneticae'') deduxit. Anno [[1941]] [[Eduardus Lawrie Tatum]] et [[Georgius Wells Beadle]] [[MRNA|mARN]] [[informatio]]nem [[proteinum|proteina]] generandi portare demonstraverunt. Paulo post [[Iacobus Dewey Watson]] et [[Franciscus Crick]] structuram [[ADN]] helicem enucleaverunt. {{NexInt}} *[[Algorithmus geneticus]] *[[Archaeogenetica]] *[[Biologia molecularis]] *[[Biotechnologia]] *[[Codex geneticus]] *[[Clastogenum]] *[[Dachshund (genum)]] *[[Embryologia]] *[[Eugenica]] *[[Experimentum Griffith]] *[[Genealogia]] *[[Genetica clinica]] *[[Genum]] *[[Gregorius Mendel|Leges Mendeli]] *[[Technologia genetica]] == Nexus externus == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050914121140/http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/home.html De genetica,] www.journals.uchicago.edu [[Categoria:Genetica|!]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} oe0sifhofyaa4wwl42l4ojmo6wxo3l1 0 10959 3986905 3764981 2026-09-09T15:46:37Z LilyKitty 18316 de nervo anatomico et electricitate 3986905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Luigi_Galvani,_oil-painting.jpg|thumb|'''Aloisius Galvanus''']] '''Aloisius Galvanus''' vel '''Aloysius Galvanus''' ([[Italiane]] ''[[Luigi Galvani]]'' [[Bononia]]e die [[9 Septembris]] [[1737]] natus; ibidem die [[4 Decembris]] [[1798]] mortuus) fuit [[physicus]] [[biologia|bio]]-[[electromagnetismus|electromagnetismi]] ac [[philosophus]]. ==De vita anteriore== Galvanus apud [[Alma Mater Studiorum|Almam Matrem Studiorum]] [[philosophia]]e et [[medicina]]e studebat, annoque [[1759]] doctor factus est, sicut eius pater. Anno [[1772]] praeses universitatis factus est. Die [[6 Novembris]] [[1786]], Galvanus fortuito animadversione declaravit [[galvanismus|galvanismum]], de quo physiologus [[Aemilio du Bois-Reymond]] ("[[ignoramus et ignorabimus]]") in opere suo ''Untersuchungen über tierische Elektrizität'' (investigationes de animali electricitate) rettulit. Ille quoque experimentis enim [[rana|ranis]] motus [[musculus|musculares]] et [[nervus (anatomia)|nervorum]] ex viribus [[electricitas|electricitatis]] elici cognovit.<ref>Galvanus, A. (1791), [https://archive.org/details/AloysiiGalvaniD00Galv De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari].</ref> == Miscellanea == * Nomen Galvani superat ad hodiernum in nominibus ''[[cellula Galvanica]],'' ''[[galvanometrum|galvanometro]],'' et ''[[galvanizatio]]ne'' * Cratera lunaria quoque Galvani propter illum appellata est * Nomen Galvani datum est lyceo [[Bononia|Bononiensi]] {{NexInt}} * [[Accumulatrum electricum]] * [[Electrochemia]] ==Notae== <references /> {{scien-bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1737|1798|Galvanus, Aloisius}} [[Categoria:Physici Italiae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Bononiensis]] 9ynvsk1kgghegwajoqxmoe0bzbuln8x 0 14098 3986978 3912194 2026-09-09T20:25:45Z LilyKitty 18316 evanta addo 3986978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Septembris}} '''8 Septembris''' [[dies]] 251ª anni est (252ª [[Annus bisextilis|anni bisextilis]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 114 dies manent. Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est ''ante diem sextum Idus Septembres'', quod a.d. VI Id. Sept. [[abbreviatio|abbreviatur]]. == Eventa == [[Fasciculus:ArrestoBonifac8.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Comprehensio [[Bonifacius VIII|Bonifatii]] papae]] === Saeculo 14 === * [[1303]] - [[Gulielmus De Nogaret]], administer [[Philippus IV (rex Franciae)|Philippi IV]], [[rex|regis]] [[Francia]]e, et [[Iacobus Colonna]], nobilis Romanus [[Anagnia]]e [[Bonifacius VIII|Bonifacium VIII]] [[papa]]m in vincula coniciunt. === Saeculo 16 === * [[1504]] - Statua ''[[David (Michael Angelus)|David]]'' a [[Michaël Angelus Bonarotius|Michaëlo Angelo Bonarotio]] primum ublicata est. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1850]] - [[Sacra corona Hungariae]] ab [[Aloysius Kossuth|Aloysio Kossuth]] abdita et deinde reperta [[Domus Habsburgensis|Domui Habsburgensi]] redditur. * [[1855]] - [[Bellum Crimaeanum|Bello Crimaeano]] [[Sebastopolis]] urbs Russica a [[Britannia|Britannis]] et Francicis unum annum [[Obsidio Sebastopolis|obsessa]] traditur. * [[1883]] - [[Ferrovia]] prima transcontinentalis in [[CFA]] ab [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] ad usque [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacificum]] solemniter inauguratur. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1926]] - [[Germania]] ad [[Confoederatio Nationum|Confoederationem Nationum]] permittitur. * [[1941]] - [[Obsidio Leninopolis]] accidit. * [[1943]] - [[Regnum Italiae (1861-1946)|Regnum Italiae]], postquam clam cum potestatibus foederatis egerat, [[Petrus Badoglio|Petro Badoglio]] duce foedus [[indutiae|indutiarum]] cum eis fecit. [[Galeatius Ciano]], administer rerum exterarum [[Benitus Mussolini|Beniti Mussolini]] et marescalcus [[Aemilius De Bono]] incarcerantur. * [[1944]] - [[Constantinus Muraviev]] praeses ministrorum [[Bulgaria]]e [[Germania]]e bellum indicit. * [[1951]] - Foedus [[pax|pacis]] de [[Iaponia]] apud societatem inter gentes [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] decernitur. * [[1955]] - [[Concilium Salutis]] resolutionem 108 de ecechiria in [[Palaestina]] decernit. * [[1987]] - [[Seditio]] incolarum Palaestinae contra occupationem [[Israel]]iticam incipit. * [[1991]] - [[Res publica Macedonica]] [[independentia]]m suam declarat. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2017]] - [[Terrae motus]] [[Scala Richteriana|magnitudine]] 8.1 in [[Mexicum|Mexico]] fit, quo 98 homines necantur. * [[2022]] - [[Elizabeth II (regina Britanniarum)|Elizabeth II]] regina Britanniarum mortua est; [[Carolus III (rex Britanniarum)|Carolus III]] rex factus est. * [[2023]] - [[Terrae motus Marrochii-Safi anno 2023|Terrae motus]] magnitudine 6.8 in [[Marocum|Maroco]] fit, quo 2960 hominum necantur. == Nati == === Saeculo 9 === * [[801]] - [[Anscharius (archiepiscopus Hamburgensis-Bremensis)|Anscharius]], archiepiscopus Hamburgensis-Bremensis (†&nbsp;[[865]]) === Saeculo 12 === * [[1157]] - [[Ricardus I (rex Angliae)|Ricardus I]], rex [[Anglia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1199]]) === Saeculo 15 === * [[1474]] - [[Ludovicus Ariosto]], poeta et [[scriptor]] [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1533]]) === Saeculo 16 === * [[1588]] - [[Marinus Mersennus]], theologus, monachus, [[philosophus]] et mathematicus Francicus (†&nbsp;[[1648]]) === Saeculo 17 === * [[1611]] - [[Ioannes Fredericus Gronovius]], philologus |Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[1671]]) * [[1633]] - [[Ferdinandus IV]], [[Imperator Romanus Sacer]] (†&nbsp;[[1654]]) === Saeculo 18 === * [[1767]] - [[Augustus Gulielmus de Schlegel]], scriptor, philosophus, [[historia]]e [[Litterae|litterarum]] et [[India]]e (†&nbsp;[[1845]]) * [[1783]] - [[Nicolaus Fredericus Severinus Grundtvig]], presbyter, politicus, interpres, scriptor et episcopus [[Dania|Danicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1872]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1828]] - [[Ioshua Laurentius Chamberlain]], legionis praefectus et rerum politicarum peritus Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1914]]) * [[1830]] - [[Fridericus Mistral]], scriptor Francicus (†&nbsp;1914) * [[1831]] - [[Gulielmus Raabe]], scriptor Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[1910]]) * [[1841]] - [[Antoninus Dvořák]], compositor [[Bohemia|Bohemicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1904]]) * [[1852]] - [[Kojong (imperator Coreae)|Kojong]], imperator [[Corea]]e (†&nbsp;[[1919]]) * [[1857]] - [[Georgius Michaelis]], cancellarius Germaniae (†&nbsp;[[1936]]). === Saeculo 20 === * 1910 - [[Ioannes Ludovicus Barrault]], moderator theatralis et histrio Francicus (†&nbsp;[[1994]]) * [[1918]] **[[Derek Barton]], [[chemia|chemicus]] [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]], [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus (†&nbsp;[[1998]]) **[[Georgius Illueca]], vir publicus [[Panama]]icus (†&nbsp;[[2012]]) * [[1919]] - [[Maria Lassnig]], pictrix [[Austria]]ca (†&nbsp;[[2014]]) * [[1924]] - [[Wendell Ford]], gubernator [[Kentukia]]e (†&nbsp;[[2015]]) * [[1925]] - [[Petrus Sellers]], histrio Britannicus (†&nbsp;[[1980]]) * 1926 - [[Sergius Pininfarina]], officinarum magister Italicus (†&nbsp;[[2012]]) * [[1930]] - [[Marius Adorf]], histrio Germanicus * [[1937]] - [[Virna Lisi]], actrix Italica (†&nbsp;2014) * [[1938]] - [[Wibke Bruhns]], [[diarium|diurnaria]] et scriptrix Germanica (†&nbsp;[[2019]]) * 1941 - [[Bernardus Sanders]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus * 1943 - [[Wolfgangus Gehrcke]], vir publicus Germanicus et sodalis [[Sinistra]]e factionis * [[1946]] - [[Aziz Sancar]], biochemicus et biologus molecularis [[Turcia|Turco]]-Americanus, praemio Nobeliano chemiae affectus * [[1947]] - [[Halldor Asgrimsson]], primus minister [[Islandia]]e (†&nbsp;2015) * [[1950]] - [[Michael Simpson]], vir rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio republicana (Civitates Foederatae)|Republicanae]] * [[1951]] - [[Ioannes McDonnell]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus * [[1956]] - [[David Carr]], scriptor et diurnarius Americanus (†&nbsp;2015) * [[1964]] - [[Dunja Mijatović]], legata [[Bosnia et Herzegovina|Bosniae et Hercegovinae]] * [[1979]] - [[Pink]], cantrix Americana * [[1981]] - [[Morten Gamst Pedersen]], pedilusor [[Norvegia|Norvegicus]] * [[1983]] - [[Didacus Benaglio]], pedilusor [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] == Mortui == === Saeculo 8 === * [[701]] - [[Sergius I]] papa (*&nbsp;ignoto anno) === Saeculo 14 === * [[1395]] - [[Stephanus Dabissa]], rex [[Bosnia]]e (*&nbsp;ignoto anno) === Saeculo 17 === * [[1613]] - [[Carolus Gesualdus]], princeps et compositor Italicus (*&nbsp;[[1566]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1851]] - [[Iosephus Anselmus Feuerbach]], sermonum antiquorum [[philologus]] et [[archaeologus]] Germanicus (*&nbsp;[[1798]]) * [[1855]] - [[Ioannes-Martialis Bineau]], vir publicus Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1805]]) === Saeculo 20 === * 1914 - [[Petrus Nesterov]], aviator militaris [[Russia|Russicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1887]]) * [[1949]] - [[Ricardus Strauss]], compositor Germanicus (*&nbsp;[[1864]]) * [[1953]] ** [[Ioannes Baumann]], vir publicus Helveticus ac [[Consilium Foederale Helvetiae|Consiliarius Foederalis]] (natus [[1874]]) ** [[Ioannes Iacobus Cornwell]], causidicus et rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio democratica (CFA)|democraticae]] (*&nbsp;[[1867]]) * [[1954]] - [[Andreas Derain]], [[pictor]], [[sculptor]] et [[Graphica|graphicus]] Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1880]]) * [[1980]] - [[Willard Franciscus Libby]], [[Chemia|chemicus]] Americanus, praemio Nobeliano chemiae affectus; natus anno [[1908]]. * [[1981]] - [[Hideki Yukawa]], [[physicus]] [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]], [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus (*&nbsp;[[1907]]) === Saeculo 21 === * [[2003]] - [[Helena Riefenstahl]], moderatrix cinematographica Germanica (*&nbsp;[[1902]]) * [[2006]] - [[Thomas Lee Judge]], gubernator [[Montana]]e (*&nbsp[[1934]]) * [[2008]] - [[Celia Gregory]], actrix Britannica (*&nbsp;[[1949]]) * [[2009]] ** [[Aage Nicolaus Bohr]], physicus Danicus, praemio Nobeliano physicae affectus (*&nbsp;[[1922]]) ** [[Michael Bongiorno]], moderator [[televisio]]nis Italo-Americanus (*&nbsp;1924) * [[2022]] - [[Elizabeth II (regina Britanniarum)|Elizabetha II]], regina Bitanniarum ac caput [[Consortio Populorum|Consortionis Populorum]] (*&nbsp;[[1926]]) * [[2024]] - [[Alexander Masljakov]], dux programmatis televisionis [[URSS|Sovieticus]] et Russicus (*&nbsp;1941) * [[2025]] - [[Philippus Goddin]], artium plasticarum praeceptor [[Belgica|Belgicus]]; natus anno [[1944]]. == Festa et Feriae == * [[Dies internationalis alphabetismi]] ([[UNESCO]]) * Dies libertatis (Res publica Macedonica) * Dies nationalis ([[Andorra]]) {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] stm05wgv4i11hkafge46nsxeavhuwnh 0 15656 3986844 3986787 2026-09-09T12:23:48Z IacobusAmor 1163 Plus quam stipula 3986844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Data Sancti |2=a |nomen=Maria Magdalena |imago=TINTORETTO - Magdalena penitente (Musei Capitolini, Roma, 1598-1602) - copia.jpg |px=200 |explanatio=Reconstructio Mariae Magdalenae |titulus= |natus=N/A [[Magdala]]e [[Iudaea]]e |mortuus=N/A fortasse in [[Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume]] [[Francia]]e sive [[Ephesus|Ephesi]] [[Anatolia]]e |beatificatio= |canonizatio= |dies festae=[[22 Iulii]] |attributa= |patronus=}} '''Maria Magdalena''',<ref>{{Hofmannus}}, [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0011b.html vol. 3, p. 11].</ref> seu '''Magdalene'''<ref>[https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G3094&t=VUL Undecies] in [[Vulgata]] Bibliorum versione reperitur.</ref> ([[Graece]] {{polytonic|Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνή}}; [[Hebraice]] מִרְיָם הַמַּגְדָּלִית [''Miryām ha-Magdalīt'']‎‎; a [[Magdala]] oppido iuxta [[mare Galilaeae]]<ref>Nomen oppidum ab Aramaico מגדלא 'turri' deductum est. Vide ''Oxford English Dictionary'', s.v. "Magdalene".</ref>) est persona Biblica. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:Ivanov, Alexander - The Appearance of Christ to Mary Magdalene - 1834-1836.jpg|thumb|''Noli me tangere'', tabula ab [[Alexander Ivanov|Alexandro Ivanov]] picta.]] A [[Iesus Christus|Iesu]] septem [[daemon]]es ex illa expulsi sunt. Eum cum aliis mulieribus comitata est, eum [[Hierosolyma]]m secuta e longinquo [[Crucifixio]]nem vidit, sepulturae affuit, matutino insequentis [[sabbatum]] diei tempore sepulcrum repperit vacuum, ei Iesus post [[resurrectio]]nem primae apparuit et dixit illud "noli me tangere", ab eodem iussa est apostolis resurrectionem nuntiare. In quattuor [[Evangelium|Evangeliis]] duodeciens dicitur, plus quam plerique apostoli. Multi [[Patres Ecclesiae|scriptores veteris christianitatis]] velut Hippolytus, [[Ambrosius|Ambrosius Mediolanensis]], [[Aurelius Augustinus]] eam memorant. Saeculis posteris ''apostola'' et ''apostola apostolorum'' dicta est. Sed etiam confuse de ea narratum est eademque aliis mulieribus Maria nominatis et peccatrice evangelii anonyma permutata est. Ab [[Ecclesia Catholica]], [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|Orthodoxa]] et quibusdam sectis [[protestantes|protestantibus]] veneratur. Dies festus [[22 Iulii]] est. Artifices eam fingunt [[unguis|unguentarium]] manu tenentem. {{NexInt}} * [[Asylum Magdalenum]] * [[Inundatio Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae]] *''[[Noli me tangere]]'' * ''[[Sainte-Baume]]'' * [[Sancta Sara]] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Bibliographia == * Acocella, Joan. "The Saintly Sinner: The Two-Thousand-Year Obsession with Mary Magdalene". ''[[The New Yorker]]'', February 13 & 20, 2006, p.&nbsp;140–49. Prompted by controversy surrounding Dan Brown's ''The Da Vinci Code''. * Brock, Ann Graham. ''Mary Magdalene, The First Apostle: The Struggle for Authority''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]], 2003. ISBN 0-674-00966-5. Discusses issues of apostolic authority in the gospels and the ''Gospel of Peter'' the competition between Peter and Mary, especially in chapter 7, "The Replacement of Mary Magdalene: A Strategy for Eliminating the Competition". * Burstein, Dan, and Arne J. De Keijzer. ''Secrets of Mary Magdalene''. New York: CDS Books, 2006. ISBN 1-59315-205-1. * De Boer Esther A., ''Mary Magdalene, beyond the Myth ''(SCM Press London, 1997). * Jansen, Katherine Ludwig. ''The Making of the Magdalen: Preaching and Popular Devotion in the Later Middle Ages''. Princeton, N.J.: [[Princeton University Press]], 2000. ISBN 0-691-05850-4. * Shoemaker, Stephen J. "Rethinking the ‘Gnostic Mary’: Mary of Nazareth and Mary of Magdala in Early Christian Tradition". in ''Journal of Early Christian Studies'', 9 (2001) pp 555–595. * Thiering, Barbara. ''Jesus the Man: Decoding the Real Story of Jesus and Mary Magdalene''. New York: Simon & Schulster (Atria Books), 2006. ISBN 1-4165-4138-1. * Wellborn, Amy. ''De-coding Mary Magdalene: Truth, Legend, and Lies''. Huntington, Indiana: Our Sunday Visitor, 2006. ISBN 1-59276-209-3. A straightforward accounting of what is well-known of Mary Magdalene. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Mary Magdalene|Mariam Magdalenam}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Magdalena, Maria}} [[Categoria:Sancti]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 1]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 1 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Incolae Syropalaestinae Graecoromanae]] [[Categoria:Maria Magdalena|!]] [[Categoria:Sectatores Iesu]] 7vm706swfyxgdlot74qaufxngoapjkq 0 17480 3986888 3938308 2026-09-09T14:26:12Z Regnaeus 206741 /*tēlephōnum est,nōn telephōnum est! */ 3986888 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Alt Telefon.jpg|thumb|Vetus [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicensimi]] telephonum.]] [[Fasciculus:Celulares.JPG|thumb|[[Telephonum gestabile|Telephona gestabilia]] ex tempore recentiore, perpetuo diminuentia. Veterrimum telephonum ad sinistram, novissimum ad dextram.]] {{Res|Tēlephōnum}}<ref name=egger>{{PONS-Egger}}</ref> ({{pns|i|n}}; ex verbis [[lingua Graeca|Graecis]] ''tele'' ‘procul’ + ''phone'' ‘vox’), vel {{Res|telephonium}},<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/archive/ass/documents/ASS-39-1906-ocr.pdf Acta Sanctae Sedis, Vol. XXXIX‎ (1906)], p. 379</ref><ref>In libro {{Op|[[Harrius Potter et Philosophi Lapis]]}} inscriptum.</ref> vel {{Res|apparatus telephonicus}},<ref name=egger/> est instrumentum [[telecommunicatio]]nis quo homines per longa [[spatium|spatia]] inter se loqui possunt. Transmissio [[vox|vocis]] [[electricitas|vi electrica]] fit. Unumquodque telephonum suum [[numerus telephonicus|numerum telephonicum]] habet. Si alius cum alio telephono loqui vult, eius numerum telephonicum suo telephono indere debet. Nostra aetate, hominibus etiam sunt [[telephonum gestabile|telephona gestabilia]], quibus ubicumque loqui possunt. Telephonum ab [[Alexander Graham Bell|Alexandro Graham Bell]] [[inventor|excogitatum]] esse traditur, sed dubium est. Etiam multi alii hanc inventionem sibi adrogabant: [[Antonius Meucci]], [[Ioannes Philippus Reis]], [[Elisha Gray]], [[Thomas Edison]]. [[Camera Repraesentantum Civitatum Foederatarum]] decreto die [[11 Iunii]] [[2002]] Meucci operam in inventione telephoni agnovit. ==Vocabula telephono cuniuncta<ref> Dorling Kindersley, ''Visuelles Wörterbuch'' (Londinii 2010), p. 99.</ref>== {{div col|3}} * exceptaculum * responsorium automaticum * statio basis * telephonum sine funiculo * tabella pinnarum * telephonum visificum * cella telephonica * telephonum nummarium * restitutio nummorum * telephonium chartarium * officium informationis * conciliatio * telephonema reciprocum * seligere numerum * numerus praeselectorius * respondere * occupatus, interruptus * nuntius brevis (SMS) * nuntius vocalis {{div col end}} == Nota == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externus == {{CommuniaCat|Telephones|telephona}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050124005929/http://www.house.gov/fossella/Press/pr020611.htm Decretum die 11 Iunii 2002] {{1000 paginae}} [[Categoria:Inventiones Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Inventiones Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Telephona|!]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} 16n1bu5hfvx374p97wsngmt1i7srcwp 0 18476 3987074 3869848 2026-09-10T11:43:10Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Akihitum-et-michikam.jpg|thumb|[[Salmantica (Hispania)|Salmanticae]] in [[Hispania]] anno [[1985]] inscriptio de "[[Akihitus|Akihito]]" et "[[Michika]]," principibus Iaponicis, qui [[Universitas Salmantina|universitatem Salmanticam]] visitaverunt hoc anno]] '''Lingua Latina temporis humanistici''' non differt quoad grammaticam a sermone [[lingua Latina archaica|Latino antiquo]] cuius semper exemplar sequendum remansit. Nam eruditi aetatis [[Renascentia litterarum|Renascentiae litterarum]] tam minime scholarum mediaevalium res gestas litterasque reveriti sunt ut [[lingua Latina mediaevalis|linguam Latinam mediaevalem]] degenerem esse haberent et ad normas classicas [[Cicero]]nis [[Vergilius|Vergilii]]que reverti adfectati sunt. Tamen quod attinet ad [[vocabularium]], multa verba nova creata sunt ad novas condiciones tam [[technologia|technicas]] quam [[sociologia|sociologicas]] huius temporis describendas, ut fit nunc semper in omnibus linguis vernacularis. Litterae Latinae huius temporis vocantur litterae Neolatinae, quod attinet ad tempus non ad genus novum linguae. Viri (et feminae) docti qui tunc temporis Latine scribebant et loquebantur etiam conabantur scribere, ut fieri potest, sicut scripserunt auctores classici, hoc est auctores sicut [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]], [[Titus Livius|Livius]], [[Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]], et alii eodem tempore. Latinitas talium scriptorum nominatur "Latinitas aurea." Non solum [[humanismus|humanistae]] (docti saeculis litteris renascentibus, vel [[Renascentia]]) sunt scriptores Neolatini, sed etiam scriptores saeculis recentissimis eadem lingua utuntur. ==Nexus interni== * [[Renascentia litterarum]] * [[Historia linguae Latinae]] * [[Latinitas viva]] * [[Lingua Latina botanica]] * [[Litterae Latinae]] * [[Usus Linguae Latinae]] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenahtdocs/camenaref.html Thesaurus Eruditionis Universitatis Manhemensis] {{ling|Germanice}} * http://www.neulatein.de/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20120630141837/http://schola.ning.com/ * [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/bibliography/ Bibliographica Analytica librorum neolatinorum quae in interrete sunt] {{ling-stipula}} {{Historia Linguae Latinae}} [[Categoria:Lingua Latina]] [[it:Lingua latina#Il latino medievale e umanistico]] mq7y9xasqwplckk0bo1ogv52q6evpqc 0 19274 3986988 3519207 2026-09-09T21:09:57Z ~2026-48785-03 214582 multa contenta ex pagina removit, contenta nova: 'Ele nunca existiu 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣' 3986988 wikitext text/x-wiki Ele nunca existiu 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 8qa51xtohekb0gp4tyz27papzaspush 3986989 3986988 2026-09-09T21:10:05Z NDG 196620 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/~2026-48785-03|~2026-48785-03]] ([[User talk:~2026-48785-03|talk]]) to last version by Packare: reverting vandalism 3519207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{Videdis|Albertus II}} ''' Albertus II [[Habsburgum|Habsburgi]]''', natus [[Vindobona]]e die [[16 Augusti]] [[1397]] - obiit in vico Neszmély apud urbem [[Hungaria|Hungarica]] [[Strigonium]] (hodie [[Lingua Hungarica|Hungarice]] ''Esztergom'') die [[27 Octobris]] [[1439]]. Albertus II fuit a die [[18 Martii]] [[1438]] usque ad mortem [[imperator]] [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Sacri Romani Imperii]] et [[rex]] [[Boemia]]e et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1438]] [[Regnum Hungariae|Hungariae]] atque [[Regnum Croatiae|Croatiae]]. Iam ab anno [[1404]] Albertus dux [[Austria]]e erat. [[Elisabetha Luxemburgica|Elisabetham Luxemburgicam]] in matrimonium duxit. Duas filias, [[Anna Austriaca (ducissa Luxemburgica)|Annam]] [[Elisabetha Austriaca (filia Alberti II)|Elisabethamque]], et filium [[Ladislaus V (rex Hungariae)|Ladislaum]] habuit. Sententia eius erat: ''Amicus optimae vitae possessio''. {{bio-stipula}} {{Imperatores SRI}} {{Reges Hungariae}} {{Reges Bohemiae}} [[Categoria:Nati 1397]] [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani Sacri]] [[Categoria:Reges Hungariae]] [[Categoria:Reges Bohemiae]] [[Categoria:Reges Croatiae]] [[Categoria:Duces Austriae]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1439]] [[Categoria:Habsburgum]] g0soj6yesh9oqm1tnyeajvgse21xna8 0 22632 3986923 3668159 2026-09-09T16:04:44Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Eventa */ 3986923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{decennium|-43|CDXXV}} [[Fasciculus:Battle of sphacteria.png|thumb|Sphacteria et Pylos.]] == Eventa == *[[Bellum Peloponnesiacum]]: vere in Sicilia invitantibus incolis [[Locri|Locrii]] et [[Syracusae|Syracusani]] [[Messana|Messanam]] occupant. Peloponnesii ducente novo [[Reges Spartae|rege]] [[Agis II|Agide II]] rura [[Attica]] vastant. [[Strategus|Strategos]] Atheniensis Demosthenes [[Pylus Messeniaca|Pylum]] in litore Messeniae - locum tum desertum - occupat et munit. Ad hoc hostium intra Peloponnesum positum praesidium oppugnandum Lacedaemonii milites ex Attica et classem sexaginta navium a [[Corcyra]] revocant. Iamque Pylum terra marique obsidebant cum classis hostium properanter adveniens eos in ipso portu navali proelio vicit. Tum in insula Sphacteria quae îllum portum claudebat nec habitari solebat multi [[Hoplites|hoplitae]] Spartani a suis et commeatu interclusi sunt. Quamobrem [[Ephori|ephori]] illos viros ob paucitatem Spartanorum civium servare magni facientes indutias petiverunt dum legatos Athenas de pace mitterent. [[Cleon|Cleone]] [[Demagogus|demagogo]] hortante Athenienses tam duras condiciones imponebant ut dimissis indutiis rursus bellum gerere maluerint. Cum obsidio exspectato diuturnior foret, [[Cleon]] et [[Demosthenes (strategus)|Demosthenes]] copias leviter armatas una cum hoplitis in insulam egredi iusserunt et Lacedaemonios multitudine hostium circumventos ad deditionem coegeruntː e 420 hoplitis 292 vivi capti sunt, inter quos 120 veri cives Spartani e nobilibus gentibus orti erant, quos Athenis posthac custoditos interfecturos sese minabantur Athenienses si in posterum Peloponnesii rursus Atticam invaderent. Qua victoria freti in [[Corinthia|Corinthiam]] quoque incursionem navalem fecerunt. [[Corcyra|Corcyrae]] bello civili atroci finem imposuit caedes reliquorum [[Optimates|optimatium]] ab Atheniensibus captorum. Qui [[Anactorium]] quoque, Corinthiorum coloniam ad ostium [[Sinus Ambracius|sinus Ambracii]] positam, eadem aestate ceperunt. Interim bellum in Sicilia non remittitur. * ''[[Acharnenses]]'' [[Aristophanes|Aristophanis]] [[Lenaea|Lenaeis]], comoedia belli fautores vituperans, palmam rettulerunt. == Nati == {{Nati desiderati}} == Mortui == {{Mortui desiderati}} d8xjcjsqhmrfqbhr97zahhp1ee8r8hs 0 27130 3986839 3984566 2026-09-09T12:16:36Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Helmstedt in HE.svg|thumb|Situs Helmstadii in [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulo Helmstadiensi]].]] '''Helmstadium'''<ref name=graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> sive '''Helmanstidi'''<ref name=graesse /> sive '''Athenae ad Ehnum'''<ref>Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'') est [[urbs]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et caput [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circuli Helmstadiensis]]. E partibus quattuor constat, quarum una est [[Bardenbike]]<ref name="Barmke">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B72-A/NOB%20II%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Osterode.pdf?sequence=7&utm ''NOB II Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Osterode'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''villam, que dicitur Bardenbike'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Barmke''). == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Juleum Helmstedt.jpg|thumb|left|Aedificium pristinae Universitatis Helmstadiensis.]] Circa annum [[800]] cella missionis Christianae in agro Helmstadiensi condita est. Urbs ipsa anno [[952]] nomine ''Helmonstede'' in actis [[Otto I (imperator)|Ottonis I]] imperatoris descripta est. Anno [[1199]]/[[1200]] oppidum a copiis [[Philippus (dux Sueviae)|Philippi ducis]] [[Suevia]]e deletum est. Anno [[1247]] urbs declarata est. Annis [[1426]] - [[1518]] Helmstadium sodalis [[Hansa]]e fuit. Anno [[1530]] [[Reformatio]] protestantica inducta est, Helmstadium pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducati Brunsvici]] factum est. Die [[15 Octobris]] [[1576]] [[Academia Iulia]] - i.e. Universitas Helmstadienis inaugurata est. Ad usque annum [[1809]] mansit. Nam annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Helmstadium ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit, cuius rex [[Hieronymus Bonaparte]] eam claudi iussit. Anno [[1833]] Helmstadium caput circuli eiusdem nominis factum est. Ab anno [[1833]] pars [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] erat et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Postquam Germania [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum II|Bello Orbis Terrarum II]] divisa est, Helmstadium ad finem [[RDA|Germaniae Orientalis]] situm hac re valde affectum est. Non prius quam anno [[1989]] finis aperta est. == Cives clari == === Nati === * [[Ioannes Henricus Meibomius]] (1590 - 1655), medicus et professor Academiae Iuliae Helmstadiensis * [[Ioannes Laurentius Moshemius]] (1693 - 1755), theologus et professor Academiae Iuliae Helmstadiensis * [[Fridericus Gulielmus Schneidewin]] (1810 - 1856), sermonum antiquorum [[philologus]]. * [[Rudolphus Leuckart]] (1822 - 1898), studiosus [[zoologia]]e et [[parasitologia]]e [[Germania|Germanicus]]. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Helmstedt|Helmstadium}} *[http://www.stadt-helmstedt.de/ Pagina urbis Helmstadii] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Helmstadium| ]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] [[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]] 56rvi2vi6katcowd7f7qno8ts7jkbmy 0 27866 3986958 3910628 2026-09-09T19:05:12Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Alii fontes antiqui */ 3986958 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcus Cornelius Fronto''' fuit rhetor Latinus [[saeculum 2|secundo saeculo]], natus [[Cirta]]e in [[Numidia]] circa annum [[100]], [[consul suffectus]] [[142]], mortuus circa [[170]] vel paulo ante. [[Hadrianus|Hadriano]] et [[Antoninus Pius|Antonino Pio]] regnantibus, cursum honorum senatorium ingressus est : sed adversa valitudine impeditus proconsulatum Asiae renuntiare coactus est ac reliquam vitam litteris studendis peregit. In litteris verba rara antiqua et inusitata multum aestimavit, quibus in orationibus suis saepe usus est. [[Marcus Aurelius]] et [[Lucius Verus]], filii imperatoris [[Antoninus Pius|Antonini Pii]], clarissimi discipuli eius, eloquentiae Latinae praecepta ab eo perceperunt. Exstant [[epistola]]e quas Fronto et Marcus Aurelius inter se mittebant : multae lacunae tamen et loci incerti insunt quia e [[Palimpsestus|palimpsesto]] restitutae sunt. == Vita et opera == {{Pars vicificanda}} Marcus Cornelius Fronto fuit [[rhetor]] Romanus, qui secundus Ciceroni soli esse aestimabatur. Fronto anno nonagesimo quinto natus est, Cirtae in Numidia. In adulescentia [[Roma]]m migravit, et indifferens de Africano genere fuisse videtur, recusans cum aliis [[Africa]]nis consociare. Is septuaginta et unum annos praeter propter vixit, et anno centesimo sexagesimo sexto mortuus est, probabiliter Romae, sed locus ignotus est. Eius genus ignotum est: se "Libycum nomadum Libycorum<ref>Ad M. Caesarem 2. 3. 5; cf. A. R. Birley, ''The African Emperor'' (Londinii: Batsford, 1999), 43.</ref>" vocavit, sed eius nomen ''Cornelius'' valde Romanus est. Ergo, verisimilis est ab Romano genere natus esse, sed maiores Africanos habuisse. Eruditus Romae et Carthagine, is ab imperatore Antonino Pio conduxitur, causa instituendi Marci Aurelii et Lucii Veri, eius adoptatos filios. Senex, conflictus est Fronto longe morbo podagrae, genere [[arthritis|arthritidis]], quo magnum tempus sumere cubans in lecto coactus est. Putatur eum mortuum esse ob morbum Antoninum, quem ad Romam post bellum Parthicum venit, etsi non confirmatum est. Ante inventum eorum litterarum, maior pars cognitionis de Frontone ex scriptis aliorum scriptorum, potissimum ex ''Noctibus Atticis'' [[Aulus Gellius|Auli Gellii]], notus est. Tamen, Fronto, in ''Noctibus Atticis,'' dicere sententias Gellii, potius quam sententias suas, videtur. Ergo, ''Noctes Atticae'' probabiliter non est optimus fons rerum de Frontone. Fronto consulatum suffectum anno centesimo quadragesimo tertio gessit. Marcus Cornelius Fronto praeclarissimus rhetor erat. Fama Frontonis similis Ciceroni, Catoni, et aliis erat. In libro Fronto et Roma Antonina, auctor Edward Champlin, narrans curriculum Frontonis scribit, "Fronto ab hominibus aequaevis, cum gravi Marco [Aurelio] principe, et ab sequentibus aetatibus amabantur et maxime observati sunt. Certe ducens ingenium Latinarum litterarum per tria regna erat, et sequentibus aetatibus secundus Cicero esse perceptus est. Optimus advocatus suae aetatis notus est. Intimus amicus et consiliator principalis familiae maior quam triginta annos erat, et magister et mentor duorum imperatorum [Marci Aurelii et Lucii Veri] erat. Tantus congestus rerum gestarum rarus ulla aetate est . . . (pagina duae)."<ref>Edward Champlin, Fronto and Antonine Rome (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980), 2.</ref><ref>Verba in Anglicum conversa: “Fronto was loved and highly respected by his contemporaries, with the sober Marcus [Aurelius] at their head, and by later generations. He was indisputably the guiding genius of Latin letters through three reigns, and was perceived in later times as a second Cicero. He was recognized as the leading advocate of his day. He was an intimate and counselor of the imperial family for over thirty years, and the teacher and mentor of two emperors [Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus]. Such an accumulation of achievements is rare in any age."</ref> Omnes autem orationes Frontonis amissae sunt, sed oratio praeclarissima ''In Christianos'' vocata est, cui in [[Octavius Minucius Felix|Octavio Minucii Felicis]] responsum erat. Fronto optima fama periti rhetoris fructus est usque ad annum millesimum octogentesimum quintum decimum, cum aliquot eius litterae ad Marcum Aurelium ab Cardinale Angelo Mai inventae sunt in manuscripto deleticio in bibliotheca Ambrosiana Milani. Quattuor post diebus, Mai plurem huius manuscripti in urbe Vaticana. Ante inventum harum litterarum, duo opera solum Frontoni attributa sunt, De Nominum Verborumque Differentiis et Exempla Elocutionem. Ambo comentarii grammatici sunt. Secundum opus tamen vere Arusiano Messio scriptum est. His litteris lectis, opera plurimum iudicium severum ab multis philologis, quibus litteras male scriptas esse putaverunt, toleraverunt. Hi philologi litteras utiles esse solum ad discendum de antiquioribus litteris Latinis putaverunt. Quod hae litterae privatae erant et non destinatae publicatae esse erant, Fronto minus sollicitus esse de arte rhetorica et sollicitior esse de privata re inter se et Marcum Aurelium videtur. Ergo, duo homines disputationes de suo salute (de quo saepe collocuti sunt, quod Fronto saepe aegrotabat) et themates Marci Aurelii habuerunt. Multi philologi, frustrati mala arte litterarum, neglegere res litterarum maluerunt et melius fuisse si litterae numquam inventae essent, proposuerunt. Tamen, alii philologi, litteris lectis, Frontonem libidinosam affinitatem cum Marco Aurelio habuisse putaverunt, cum hoc genus affinitatis (inter futurum imperatorem et Frontonis vetustiorem magistrum) inusitatum esset et fere prohibitum esset. Haec ratio litteris a Marco Aurelio sustinetur, in quibus Frontonem vocavit, “magister carissime et dulcissime, quem...magis quam ipsam Romam desidero (Ad. M. Caes., iv. 5)” et “Fronto . . . mellitissime, meus amor, mea voluptas (Ad. M. Caes. iv. 6).” His rebus scriptis, facile visu quomodo modernus amatoriam affinitatem colligat. Haec affinitas sexualis tamen in nullis aequaevis historiis commemorata est, ne in historiis quidem quibus opprobria amaverunt, exempli gratia, in Historia Augusta, circa annum quadrigentesimo. Ergo, affinitas sexualis existisse non videtur. Fronto reditum ad linguam et stilum Latinae rei publicae (convenienter fame secundi Ciceronis, aecipui rhetoris rei publicae) suadebat. Famam a scriptoribus Latinis morositati habuit, cum maxima et obscura copia verborum. Aliquantum in aliquis litteris ex Marco Aurelio potest videri, cum ille verbis notis solum ex his litteris utatur, fortasse causa commovendi sui magistri. Stilus Frontonis “elocutia novella” vocatus est et artificiosa et morosa esse videtur, sed tamen multos sectatores, qui “Frontiani” vocati sunt, acquisivit.{{dubsig}} == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == === Editiones et commentarii === * Haines, C. R. [[1928]]-[[1929]]. ''Fronto: Correspondence .'' Cantabrigiae: Harvard. 2 vol. [Ordo chronologicus epistolarum primum temptatus sed textus hodie obsoletus ob emendationes ab eruditis post hanc editionem in codicis lectione factas]. * Van den Hout M. [[1988]]. M. Cornelii Frontonis Epistulae : schedis tam editis quam ineditis Edmundi Hauleri usus iterum edidit Michael P. J. van den Hout. - Lipsiae, Teubner. ** [[1999]] A commentary on the letters of M. Cornelius Fronto. - Lugduni Batavorum : E. J. Brill. === Alii fontes antiqui === * [[Aulus Gellius]] libro nono decimo ''Noctium Atticarum'' capitibus octavo, decimo et tertio decimo. Vide etiam II,26 et XIII,28. * [[Marcus Aurelius]], ''[[Meditationes (Marcus Aurelius)|Libri ad se ipsum]]'' I.11 * [[Minucius Felix]] ''Octavius'' IX,6 et XXX,3. * [[Sidonius Apollinaris]] ''Epistulae'' VIII.10.3 === Plura legere si cupis === * Champlin, Edward. [[1980]]. ''Fronto and Antonine Rome.'' Cantabrigiae: Harvard. * Richlin, Amy. [[2006]]. ''Marcus Aurelius in Love.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago. *Yasuko Taoka. [[2013]]. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/ca.2013.32.2.406 The Correspondence of Fronto and Marcus Aurelius: Love, Letters, Metaphor]", ''Classical Antiquity'': 406-438 == Nexus externi == *[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/fronto.html Textus Latinus et Graecus]. * "Marcus Cornelius Fronto." ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcus-Cornelius-Fronto Britannica Online] {{DEFAULTSORT:Fronto, Marcus Cornelius}} [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 2]] [[Categoria:Nati 100]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Epistolographi]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Oratores]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Africae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti Romani antiqui]] acty1yxpvergen3vceetkfrw76h3qct 0 29600 3986878 3787057 2026-09-09T14:06:09Z Marcus Rosaeus Glaber 202287 Pauca verba de alio nomine urbis Quebeci 3986878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Quebecum'''<ref>"''Québec'', Quebecum, urbs Novae Franciae" {{Google Books|WPk0JMSwcYIC|p. 400}}. {{egger|251|Quebec}}: "Quebecum, i, n. Ita urbs et provincia Canadae appellantur. Ex autochthonum sermonis ratione hoc nomen ''vadum, coartationem'' significat, id est eum locum, quo Laurentianus fluvius coartatur aptusque est ad transitum (cfr. Egli, 753). Quebecenses, ium; Quebecensis, e. Edward W. Burke, ''A Hand-List of Latin Place Names with their Modern Equivalents'' (1999), p. 258</ref><ref>"QUEBEC. ''ville de capitale de Canada: ''Kebeccum, -i'', n.''": F.-J.-M. Noël, ''Dictionaire Français-Latin'' (1832), [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-29490&M=imageseule p. 841]. "''Quebec'', Stenŏpŏlis, -is (''f.''), Canadensis Ly̆cŏpŏlis, is (''f.'')": Smith & Hall, ''English-Latin Dictionary'' (1871, 2000), p. 743</ref><ref>Etiamsi "Kebeca" appellatur urbs in numisma ab anno MDCXC, nusquam alibi hoc nomen invenitur. https://collections.mcq.org/objets/167261</ref> est [[urbs]] [[Canada|Canadiensis]] et caput provinciae [[Quebecum|Quebeci]] et [[Natio Quebecensis|nationis Quebecensis]], situs in regione administrativa Caput Nationalis. Urbs antiqua Quebeci, unicus est locus in [[America]] Septentrionali quo adhuc subsistunt munitiones, quas, anno [[1985]], declaravit [[Societas Educativa, Scientifica, et Culturalis Consocietatis Nationum]] situm esse pertinentem ad [[Patrimonium Mundanum Societatis Educativae, Scientificae, et Culturalis Consocietatis Nationum|patrimonium universalium hominum]]. Et [[Universitas Lavalensis]] sedet. [[Fasciculus:Quebec city-Vieux-Québec.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Despectus in urbem Quebecum]] Pars urbis sita est super ''Cap Diamant'', rupem petrosam quae ad [[flumen Sancti Laurentii]] spectat, ob cuius topographiam civitas semper erat munitissima. Fere 586 500 animarum ipsam habitant urbem (anno [[2003]]), cum omnibus autem suburbibus sunt 705 898 habitantium in regione Quebeci. Cives urbis sese vocare solent ''Québécois de Québec'', hoc est [[Natio Quebecensis|Quebecenses]] [[Quebecum|Quebeci]], quo facilius ab aliis provinciae incolis distinguantur. Inter urbem Quebecum et oppidum Levis flumen haud late fluit, quam ob rem urbs accepit nomen eius. Kebec enim est verbum algonquinum, quod significat locus ubi adstringitur flumen. Dictum Urbis Quebecis est «''Don de Dieu feray valoir''» (Donum Dei adhibebo). [[Fasciculus:125 - Québec - Pont de Québec de nuit - Septembre 2009.jpg|thumb|Pons supra [[flumen]] [[Sanctus Laurentius (flumen)|Sanctum Laurentium]] [[nox|nocte]]]] Feria hiemalis, seu Carnival, necnon Castellus Frontenacus (ita nuncupator in honorem Ludivici de Bouade comitis de Frontenac) qui est xenodochia dominans urbem antiquam, pernota sunt. Consilium Nationalis, Museum Nationalis Artium Pulchrarum Quebeci et Museum Cultus sunt vel in media urbe vel ab ea non longe distat. Ob programma renovationis, vicinia Sancti-Roccae diu moribunda, renascitur de cineribus et nunc facta est novum centrum artisticum urbis capitalis. In eadem regione, multi touristae veniunt cataractam Montmorency et Basilicam Sanctae Annae aspectum. == Ecclesia Catholica Quebecensis == "Missio Novae Galliae continetur ad orientem ab oceanum, ad occidentem et ad aquilonem a continente, ad australem a Nova Batavia, et Nova Anglia."(Franciscus de Laval ad [[Alexander VII|Alexandrem VII]], Octobri [[1660]].) Quebecum est veterrima Americae Septentrionalis sedes episcopalis foris Mexico. Implantatio vero ecclesiae in Nova Gallia anno [[1615]] incepit, ubi Patres Recolleti, dein [[Iesuitae|Jesuiti]] anno [[1625]], venerunt ad Quebecum, qui ministrarent coloniam nascentem et evangelizarent tribus aboriginales. Quoniam haec missio Novae Galliae pendebat directe de Sancta Sede, Quebecum erectum est vicariatus apostolicus decreto Congregationis pro Propagando Fidei, quod postea probatum est [[11 Aprilis]] [[1658]] a Papa [[Alexander VII|Alexandro VII]]. Decretum nominavit Franciscum de Laval episcopum petrinum, et vicarium apostolicum per omne regnum Americae Septentrionalis. Bullae novi episcopi datae sunt [[Roma]]e tertio die iunii, eodem anno. Sedecem post annos, missio apostolica elevata est ad dioecesen pendentem directe de Sancta Sede. [[Clemens X]] firmavit, die [[1 Octobris]] [[1674]], bollam erectionis novi episcopatus. Franciscus de Laval creatus est primus [[episcopus]] Quebeci, cuius dioecesis amplius erat valde quam [[Europa]]. Quae comprehendit omnes regiones super quas regnabat [[Gallia]], id est cunctam Americam Septentrionalem praeter [[Mexicus|Mexico]] et colonias Novae Angliae. Divisio huius ingentis dioecesis creavit primam provinciam ecclesiasticam Canadae, quae post bellum inter Anglos et Gallos anno [[1759]] gessum pars facta est Imperii Anglici. Papa [[Pius VII]], die [[12 Ianuarii]] [[1819]], decrevit episcopum Iosephum-Octavum Plessis accepturum esse titulum archiepiscopi. At [[Londinium]] dubitavit, et Quebecum non elevatum est ad sedem archiepiscopalem donec [[12 Iulii]] [[1844]], a [[Gregorius XVI|Gregorio XVI]]. Illo tempore, Québec habuit tres dioeceses suffragentes: Villa Mariam, Kingstoniam, et Torontum. Hodie, eae regiones, quae olim pars erant dioecesis Quebeci, formant non minus quam 150 dioeceses. Nostro tempore, sedes archiepiscopalis Quebeci seu [[Archidioecesis Quebecensis]] comprehendit dioeceses suffraganas [[Dioecesis Trifluvianensis in Canada|Dioecesem Trifluvianensem in Canada]], [[Dioecesis Chicoutimiensis|Dioecesem Chicoutimiensem]], et [[Dioecesis Sanctae Annae Pocatierensis|Dioecesem Sanctae Annae Pocatierensis]]. Die [[25 Ianuarii]] [[1956]], Papa [[Pius XII]] sedem primatialis Canadae tituli ad sedem metropolitanam Quebeci, et titulum Primati ad archiepiscopum pro tempore contulit. == Urbis regiones == * [[Beauport]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Quebec City|Quebecum}} [[Categoria:Quebecum (urbs)|!]] [[Categoria:Condita 1608]] [[Categoria:Portus fluminis Sancti Laurentii]] [[Categoria:Sedes episcopales Canadae]] 02q5l5kypmt90zum6v0bhtsd42fgalv 0 30569 3986975 3910383 2026-09-09T20:13:11Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nomina [[zoologus|zoologorum]]''' monstrat haec pagina. __NOTOC__ {| border="0" align="center" class="toccolours" ! Argumentum |- | align="center" | [[#A|A]] [[#B|B]] [[#C|C]] [[#D|D]] [[#E|E]] [[#F|F]] [[#G|G]] [[#H|H]] [[#I|I]] [[#J|J]] [[#K|K]] [[#L|L]] [[#M|M]] [[#N|N]] [[#O|O]] [[#P|P]] [[#Q|Q]] [[#R|R]] [[#S|S]] [[#T|T]] [[#U|U]] [[#V|V]] [[#W|W]] [[#X|X]] [[#Y|Y]] [[#Z|Z]] |- |} == A == * Ab. vide ''Abeille de Perrin'' * Abbot – [[Carolus Abbot]] (1761-1817) * Abbot – [[Ioannes Abbot]] (1751–1841) * Abeille de Perrin (Ab.) – [[Elzéar Abeille de Perrin]] (1843–1910) * Abel – [[Clarke Abel]] ([[1780]]-[[1824]]) * Abel – [[Othenius Abel]] (1875–1946) * Abildgaard (Abildg.) – [[Petrus Christianus Abildgaard]] (1740–1801) * Abildgaard – [[Søren Abildgaard]] (1718–1791) * Acerbi – [[Iosephus Acerbi]] (1773–1846) * Adams – [[Andreas Lucius Adams]] (1827-1882) * Adams – [[Arthurus Adams]] (1820-1878) * Adams (Ad.) – [[Carolus Adams|Carolus B. Adams]] (1814–1853) * Adams – [[Eduardus Adams]] (1824-1856) * Adams – [[Henricus Adams]] (1813-1877) * A. Agassiz (A. Ag.) – [[Alexander Emmanuel Agassiz]] (1835–1910) * Agassiz (Ag., Agass., L. Ag.) – [[Lucius Agassiz]] (1807–1873) * Agenjo – [[Raimundus Agenjo Cecilia]] (1908–1984) * Ahl – [[Ernestus Ahl]] (1898–1943) * Ahrens (Ahr.) – [[Augustus Ahrens]] (1779–1867) * Alberti – [[Burchardus Alberti]] (1898–1988) * Alcock – [[Alfredus Guilielmus Alcock]] (1859–1933) * Alder (Ald.) – [[Iesus Alder]] (1792–1867) * Alderslade – [[Philippus Alderslade]] * Aldr - [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]] ([[1522]]-[[1605]]) * Alexander – [[Anna Montague Alexander]] (1867-1950) * Alexander – [[Boyd Alexander]] (1873–1910) * Alexander – [[Carolus Paul Alexander]] (1889-1981) * Alexander – [[Horatius Alexander]] (1889-1989) * Alexander – [[Villefredus Backhouse Alexander]] (1885-1965) * Allen – [[Arthurus Augustus Allen]] (1885-1964) * Allen – [[Gerardus Allen|Gerardus R. Allen]] (*1942) * G.M. Allen – [[Glover Morrill Allen]] (1879–1942) * Allen – [[Harrisonus Allen]] (1841-1897) * Allen – [[Ioel Asaph Allen]] (1838–1921) * Allen – [[Ioannes Allen|Ioannes A. Allen]] (* ) * Allioni – [[Carolus Allioni]] (1728–1804) * Allman (Allm.) – [[Georgius Iacobus Allman]] (1812–1898) * Alphéraky – [[Sergius Nikolaevič Alphéraky]] (1850–1918/19) * Alston – [[Eduardus Alston|Eduardus R. Alston]] (1845–1881) * Amadon – [[Dean Amadon]] (1912–2003) * Ameghino – [[Florentinus Ameghino]] (1854–1911) * Amsel – [[Ioannes Georgius Amsel]] (1905–1998/99) * Amyot – [[Carolus Iulius Baptista Amyot]] (1799–1866) * An der Lan – [[Ioannes An der Lan]] (1909–1982) * Andersen – [[Knud Andersen]] * Anderson – [[Stephanus Clemens Anderson]] (*1936) * Anderson – [[Ioannes Anderson (biologus)|Ioannes Anderson]] (1833–1900) * Anderson – [[Guilielmus Anderson]] (1750-1778) * André – [[Iacobus Ernestus Edmundus Andreas]] (1844–1891) * Andres (Andr.) – [[Angelus Andreas]] (1851–1934) * Angas – [[Georgius Franciscus Angas]] (1822–1886) * Annandale – [[Nelson Annandale]] (1876–1924) * Anthony – [[Alfredus Webster Anthony]] (1865-1939) * Anthony – [[Haroldus Elmer Anthony]] (1890-1970) * Appellöf – [[Adolfus Appellöf]] (1857–1921) * Applegate – [[Shelton P. Applegate]] (†2005) * Archbold – [[Ricardus Archbold]] (1907–1976) * Archer – [[Michael Archer]] (*1945) * Arrigoni (Arrig.) – [[Hector Arrigoni de Oddi]] (1869–1942) * Arrow – [[Gilbertus Ioannes Arrow]] (1873–1948) * Ascanius (Asc.) – [[Petrus Ascanius]] (1723–1803) * Assmann – [[Augustus Assmann]] (1819–1898) * Asso – [[Ignatius Iordanius Claudius de Asso y del Río]] (1742-1814) * Aubé (Aub.) – [[Carolus Nicolaus Aubé]] (1802–1869) * Audebert (Audeb.) – [[Iulius Baptista Audebert]] (1759–1800) * Audouin (Aud.) – [[Iulius Victorius Audouin]] (1797–1841) * Audubon (Audub.) – [[Ioannes Iacobus La Forest Audubon]] (1785–1851) * Aurivillius – [[Carolus Guilielmus Samuel Aurivillius]] (1854-1899) * Aurivillius (Auriv.) – [[Petrus Olof Christophorus Aurivillius]] (1853–1928) * Aurivillius – [[Stephanus Magnus Aurivillius]] (1892-1928) * Ausserer (Auss.) – [[Antonius Ausserer]] (1843–1889) * Austaut – [[Iulius Leonidas Austaut]] * Avinov – [[Andreas Nicolaus Avinov]] (1884–1949) * Ayres – [[Guilielmus Orville Ayres]] (1805–1887) == B == * B. vide ''Boisduval'' * Bachman – [[Ioannes Bachman]] (1790–1874) * Baer – [[Carolus Ernestus de Baer]] (1792–1876) * Baillon – [[Emmanuel Baillon]] (1742-1802) * Baillon – [[Lucius Antonius Franciscus Baillon]] (1778–1851) * Baird – [[Spencer Fullerton Baird]] (1823–1887) * Baird – [[Guilielmus McFunn Baird]] (1817–1872) * Baker – [[Carolus Fuller Baker]] (1872-1927) * Baker – [[Eduardus Carolus Stuartus Baker]] (1864–1944) * Baker – [[Henricus Baker]] (1698-1774) * Baldamus – [[Augustus Carolus Eduardus Baldamus]] (1812–1893) * Ball – [[Maria Ball]] (1812–1892) * Ball – [[Valentinus Ball]] (1843–1895) * Balss – [[Henricus Balss]] (1886–1957) * Bang–Haas – [[Otho Bang-Haas]] (1882–1948) * Bangs – [[Outram Bangs]] (1863–1932) * Banks – [[Richardus Banks]] (*1940) * Banks – [[Nathan Banks]] (1868-1953) * Bannerman – [[David Armitage Bannerman]] (1886–1979) * Bansok – [[Rosa Bansok]] (* ) * Barnard – [[Eduardus Barnard]] (1786-1861) * Barnard – [[Franciscus Georgius Allman Barnard]] (1857-1932) * Barnard – [[Georgius Barnard]] (1830-1894) * Barnard – [[Keppel Harcourt Barnard]] (1887-1964) * Barbour – [[Thomas Barbour]] (1884–1946) * Barrande – [[Ioachimus Barrande]] (1799–1893) * Barrett – [[Carolus Golding Barrett]] (1836–1904) * Barrett – [[Paulus Barrett|Paulus M. Barrett]] (*1971) * Barrett-Hamilton – [[Geraldus Edvinus Hamilton Barrett-Hamilton]] (1874-1914) * Barrows – [[Gualterus Bradford Barrows]] (1855–1923) * Bartlett – [[Abrahamus Dee Bartlett]] (1812–1897) * Bartlett – [[Eduardus Bartlett]] (1836–1908) * Bartlett – [[Canicus Alden Bartlett]] (1907) * Barton – [[Beniaminus Smith Barton]] (1766–1815) * Bast. vide ''Bastian'' * Bastelberger – [[Maximus Iosephus Bastelberger]] (1851–1916) * Bastian (Bast.) – [[Henricus Charlton Bastian]] (1837–1915) * Batchelder – [[Carolus Foster Batchelder]] (1856–1954) * Bate – [[Carolus Spence Bate]] (1819–1889) * Bates – [[Fridericus Bates]] (1863–1940) * Bates – [[Georgius Latimer Bates]] (1863–1940) * Bates – [[Henricus Gualterius Bates]] (1825–1892) * Bateson – [[Gulielmus Bateson]] (1861–1926) * Beauvois – [[Ambrosius Maria Franciscus Iosephus Palisot de Beauvois]] (1752-1820) * Beavan – [[Reginaldus Beavan|Reginaldus C. Beavan]] (1841–1870) * Bechstein (Bchst., Bechst.) – [[Ioannes Matthaeus Bechstein]] (1757–1822) * Beck – [[H. Henriksen Beck]] (1799–1863) * Bedford – [[Geraldus Augustus Haroldus Bedford]] (1891-1938) * Beier – [[Maximus Beier]] (1903–1979) * Bell – [[Thomas Bell]] (1792–1880), * Bellier (Bell.) – [[Ioannes Baptista Eugenius Bellier de la Chavignérie]] (1819–1888) * Bemmel – [[Hadrianus Cornelius Valentinus de Bemmel]] (publ. 1908) * Bender – [[Robertus Bender]] (1905–1993) * Bendire – [[Carolus Aemilius Bendire]] (1863–1940) * Beneden (van Ben.) – [[Petrus Iosephus de Beneden]] (1809–1894) * Benick – [[Ludovicus Benick]] (1874–1951) * Benitez – [[Hesquio Benítez]] * Benjamin – [[Foster Hendrickson Benjamin]] (1895–1936) * Bennett – [[Eduardus Turner Bennett]] (1797–1836) * Bennett – [[Fridericus Debell Bennett]] (1836–1897) * Bennett – [[Georgius Bennett]] (1804-1893) * Benson – [[Constantinus Gualterius Benson]] (1909–1982) * Benson – [[Robertus Bernardus Benson]] (1904–1967) * Benson – [[Guilielmus Henricus Benson]] (1803-1870) * Bent – [[Arthurus Cleveland Bent]] (1866–1954) * Beresford – [[Pamela Beresford]] * Berg – [[Carolus Berg]] (1843-1902) * Berg – [[Aloisius Simonovich Berg]], [[Leo S. Berg]] (1876-1950) * Bergsträsser (Bergstr.) – [[Ioannes Andreas Benignus Bergsträsser]] (1732–1812) * Berio – [[Aemilius Berio]] (1905–1993) * Berkeley (Berk.) – [[Miles Iosephus Berkeley]] (1803–1898) * Berkenhout – [[Ioannes Berkenhout]] (ca. 1730–1791) * Berla – [[Herbertus Franciscus Berla]] (1912–1985) * Berland – [[Lucius Berland]] (1888–1962) * Berlese – [[Antonius Berlese]] ([[1863]]–[[1927]]) * Berlioz – [[Iacobus Berlioz]] (1891–1975) * Bernardi – [[Georgius Bernardi]] (1922–1999) * Bernhauer – [[Maximus Bernhauer]] (1866–1946) * Berry – [[Samuel Stillman Berry]] (1887-1984) * Berthold – [[Arnoldus Adolfus Berthold]] (1803–1861) * Bertkau – [[Philippus Bertkau]] (1849–1895) * Beseke (Bes.) – [[Ioannes Melchior Beseke]] (1746-1802) * Bethune–Baker – [[Georgius Thomas Bethune Baker]] (1857–1944) * Beutenmüller – [[Guilielmus Beutenmüller]] (1864–1934) * Beyrich – [[Henricus Ernestus Beyrich]] (1815–1896) * Bibron – [[Gabriel Bibron]] (1806–1848) * Bienert – [[Theodorus Bienert]] (1833–1873) * Bigot – [[Iacobus Maria Frangile Bigot]] (1818–1893) * Bilek – [[Aloisius Bilek]] (1909–1974) * Bilharz – [[Theodorus Bilharz]] (1825–1862) * Billberg (Billb.) – [[Gustavus Ioannes Billberg]] (1772–1844) * Biswas – [[Biswamoy Biswas]] (1923–1994) * Bjerkander (Bjerk.) – [[Claudius Bjerkander]] (1735–1795) * Bl. vide ''Blackwall, Blainville & Bloch'' * Black – [[Davidson Black]] (1884–1934) * Black – [[Dionysius Black]] * Blackwall (Bl., Blackw.) – [[Ioannes Blackwall]] (1790–1881) * Blainville, (Bl., Blain., Blainv.) – [[Henricus Marius Ducrotay de Blainville]] (1777–1850) * Blanchard (Blanch.) – [[Carolus Aemilius Blanchard]] (1819–1900) * Blanford – [[Guilielmus Thomas Blanford]] (1832–1905) * Blasius (Blas.) – [[Ioannes Henricus Blasius]] (1809–1870) * Blbch. vide ''Blumenbach'' * Bleeker (Bleek.) – [[Petrus Bleeker]] (1819–1878) * Bleszynski – [[Stanislaus Błeszyński]] (1927–1969) * Bloch (Bl.) – [[Marcus Élieser Bloch]] (1723–1799) * Blumenbach (Blbch., Blumenb.) – [[Ioannes Fridericus Blumenbach]] (1752–1840) * Blumenstengel – [[Horst Blumenstengel]] (*1935) * Blyth – [[Eduardus Blyth]] (1810–1873) * Bocage – [[Iosephus Vincentus Barboza du Bocage]] (1823–1907) * Bocourt – [[Maria Firminus Bocourt]] (1819–1904) * Boddaert (Bodd.) – [[Petrus Boddaert]] (1730–1795/96) * Böhm – [[Ricardus Böhm]] (1854–1884) * Börner (CB) – [[Carolus Börner]] (1880–1953) * Boeseman – [[Marinus Boeseman]] (1916-2006) * Boettger – [[Caesar Rudolfus Boettger]] (1888-1976) * Boettger – [[Anscharius Boettger]] (1833–1910) * Boheman (Boh.) – [[Carolus Henricus Boheman]] (1796–1868) * F. Boie – [[Fridericus Boie]] (1789–1870) * Boie – [[Henricus Boie]] (1794–1827) * Boisduval (B., Bsd., Boisd.) – [[Ioannes Baptista Alphonsus Boisduval]] (1799–1879) * Bojanus (Bojan.) – [[Ludovicus Henricus Bojanus]] (1776–1827) * Bolle – [[Carolus Augustus Bolle]] ([[1821]]–[[1909]]) * Bolten (Bolt.) – [[Ioannes Fridericus Bolten]] (1718–1796) * Bonaparte (Bp., Bonap.) – [[Carolus Lucius Iulius Laurentius Bonaparte]] (1803–1857) * Bonelli – [[Franciscus Andreas Bonelli]] (1784–1830) * Bonhote – [[Ludovicus Bonhote]] (1875–1922) * Bonnaterre – [[Petrus Iosephus Bonnaterre]] (1747–1804) * Borkhausen (Bh., Bkh., Borkh.) – [[Mauritius Balthasar Borkhausen]] (1760–1806) * Born – [[Ignatius Edler de Born]] (1742–1791) * Borror – [[Donaldus Joyce Borror]] (1907-1988) * Bosc – [[Ludovicus Augustus Guilelmus Bosc]] (1759–1828) * Bouché – [[Petrus Fridericus Boché]] (1784–1856) * Boulenger – [[Georgius Albertus Boulenger]] (1858–1937) * Boundy – [[Godefridus Boundy]] * Bourcier – [[Iulius Bourcier]] (1797–1873) * Bourgeois – [[Iulius Bourgeois]] (1846–1911) * Bourne – [[Gilbertus Carolus Bourne]] (1861–1933) * Boursin – [[Carolus Boursin]] (1901–1971) * Bouvier – [[Eugenius Ludovicus Bouvier]] (1856–1944) * Bowdich – [[Thomas Eduardus Bowdich]] (1791–1824) * Bowerbank (Bowerb.) – [[Iacobus Scotus Bowerbank]] (1797–1877) * Bp. vide ''Bonaparte'' * Br. vide ''Brandt, Brehm & Bremi-Wolf'' * Brahm – [[Nicolaus Iosephus Brahm]] (1751–1812?) * Branca – [[Guilielmus Branca]] (1844–1928) * Brandt (Br., Brdt.) – [[Ioannes Fridericus de Brandt]] (1802–1879) * Brauer (Brau.) – [[Fridericus Mauritius Brauer]] (1832–1904) * Brauer – [[Augustus Brauer]] (1863-1915) * Brdt. vide ''Brandt'' * Bree – [[Carolus Robertus Bree]] (1811–1886) * Brehm – [[Alfredus Brehm]] (1829–1884) * Brehm (Br.) – [[Christianus Ludovicus Brehm]] (1787–1864) * Breme – [[Ferdinandus Arborius Gattinara de Breme]] (1807-1869) * Breme/Brême – [[F. D. Marquis de Brême]] († 1846) * Bremi-Wolf (Br., Bremi) – [[Ioannes Iacobus Bremi Wolf]] (1791–1857) * Bremser (Brems.) – [[Ioannes Godefridus Bremser]] (1767–1827) * Bretscher – [[Conradus Bretscher]] (1858–1943) * Brewster – [[Guilielmus Brewster]] (1851–1919) * Breyne (Breyn.) – [[Ioannes Philippus Breyne]] (1680–1764) * Brind – [[Gualterus Brind]] * Brischke – [[Carolus Gustavus Alexander Brischke]] (1814–1897) * Brisson (Briss.) – [[Maturinus Iacobus Brisson]] (1723–1806) * Brittinger – [[Christianus Casimirus Brittinger]] (1795–1869) * Brocchi – [[Ioannes Baptista Brocchi]] (1772–1826) * Broderip (Brod.) – [[Guilielmus Ioannes Broderip]] (1789–1859) * Brohmer – [[Paulus Brohmer]] (1885–1965) * Broili – [[Ferdinandus Broili]] (1874–1946) * Brongniart (Brong., Brongn.) – [[Alexander Brongniart]] (1770–1847) * Bronn – [[Henricus Georgius Bronn]] (1800–1862) * Brooke – [[Victorius Brooke]] (1843–1891) * Brookes – [[Iesus Brookes]] (1761–1833) * Brooks – [[W. E. Brooks]] (1828–1899) * Brooks, W.S.Brooks – [[Winthrop Sprague Brooks]] (1887-1965) * Broom – [[Robertus Broom]] (1866–1951) * Brown – [[Barnum Brown]] (1873-1963) * Brown – [[Bryce C. Brown]] * Brown – [[Capitaneus Thomas Brown]] (1785–1862) * Brown – [[Gualterus Creighton Brown]] (*1913) * Bruand – [[Carolus Theophilus Bruand de Uzelle]] (1808–1861) * Bruch – [[Carolus Fridericus Bruch]] (1789–1857) * Bruguière (Brug.) – [[Ioannes Guilielmus Bruguière]] (1749–1798) * Brullé – [[Caspar Augustus Brullé]] (1809–1873) * Brünnich (Brünn.) – [[Morten Thrane Brünnich]] (1737–1827) * Bruzelius (Bruz.) – [[Ragnar Magnus Bruzelius]] (1832–1902 * Bryk – [[Felix Bryk]] (1882–1957) * Bsd. vide ''Boisduval'' * Buch – [[Christianus Leopoldus de Buch]] (1774–1853) * Bücherl – [[Wolfgangus Bücherl]] * Buchholz (Buchh.) – [[Reinoldus Buchholz|Reinholdus W. Buchholz]] (1837–1876) * Buckton – [[Georgius B. Buckton]] (1817–1905) * Buen (y Lonzano) – [[Fernandus de Buen y Lonzano]] (1895-1962) * Buller – [[Gualterus Buller]] (1838–1906) * Buquet – [[Ioannes Baptista Lucianus Buquet]] (1807–1889) * Burbrink – [[Francus T. Burbrink]] (* 1970) * Burchell (Burch.) – [[Gulielmus Ioannes Burchell]] (1782–1863) * Burgeff – [[Iohannes Edmundus Nicolaus Burgeff]] (1883–1976) * Burm. vide ''Burmeister'' * Burmann – [[Carolus Burmann]] (1908–1995) * Burmeister (Burm., Burmst.) – [[Hermannus Burmeister]] (1807–1892) * Burnett – [[Gilbertus Thomas Burnett]] (1800–1835) * Burtin (Burt.) – [[Franciscus Xaverius Burtin]] (1743–1818) * Busk – [[Georgius Busk]] (1807–1886) * But. vide ''Buturlin'' * Butler – [[Arthurus Gardiner Butler]] (1844–1925) * Bütschli – [[Otho Bütschli]] (1848–1920) * Buttikofer – [[Ioannes Büttikofer]] (1850–1929) * Buturlin (But.) – [[Sergius Alexander Buturlin]] (1872–1938) == C == * Cabanis – [[Ioannes Cabanis]] (1816–1906) ornithologus Germanus * Cabrera – [[Angelus Cabrera (zoologus)|Angelus Cabrera]] (1879–1960) zoologus Argentino-Hispanus (vide [[:en:Ángel Cabrera (naturalist)|Vicipaediam Anglicam]]) * Calman – [[Guilielmus Thomas Calman]] (1871–1952) crustaceologus Britannus (vide [[:en:William Thomas Calman|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Calvert – [[Philippus Powell Calvert]] (1871–1961) entomologus Americanus * Camerano – [[Laurentius Camerano]] (1856–1917) entomologus herpetologusque Italus * Campbell – [[Canicus Campbell|Kennethus E. Campbell]] zoologus palaeontologusque Americanus * Canestrini – [[Ioannes Canestrini]] (1835–1900) naturalista Italus * Cantener (Cant.) – [[Aloisius Prosper Cantener]] († 1847) iurista entomologusque Francogallus * Caporiacco – [[Ludovicus de Caporiacco]] (1900-1951) arachnologus * Caradja, Car. – [[Aristis de Caradja]] (1861–1955) malacologus et iuris consultus et entomologus Dacoromanus * Carter – [[T. Donaldus Carter]] mammalogus ornithologusque * Cassin – [[Iohannes Cassin]] (1813–1869) ornithologus Americanus * CB – vide [[#B|Börner]] * Chamberlin – [[Iosephus Conradus Chamberlin]] (1898-1962) entomologus Americanus * Chamberlin – [[Randulphus Vary Chamberlin]] (1879-1967), zoologus Americanus (vide [[:en:Ralph Vary Chamberlin|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Chapman – [[Francus Michler Chapman]] (1864–1945) ornithologus Americanus * Chapman, Chapm. – [[Thomas Algernon Chapman]] (1842–1921) medicus entomologusque Britannus * Chapman – [[Vilbertus McLeod Chapman]] (1910-1970) ichthyologus Americanus * Charpentier – [[Toussaint de Charpentier]] (1779–1847) entomologus Germanus * Chasen – [[Fridericus Nutter Chasen]] (1896–1942) ornithologus Americanus * Chenu – [[Ioannes Carolus Chenu]] (1808–1879) naturae studiosus Francogallus (vide [[:fr:Jean-Charles Chenu|Vicipaediam Francogallicam]]) * Chiaie – [[Stephanus de Chiaje]] (1794–1860) naturae studiosus Italus * Children – [[Iohannes Georgius Children]] (1777–1852) zoologus Britannus (vide [[:en:John George Children|Vicipaediam Anglicam]]) * Christ – [[Iohannes Ludovicus Christus]] (1739–1813) naturae studiosus Germanus * Chopard – [[Lucianus Chopard]] (1885–1971) entomologus Francogallus * Christoph, Christ. – [[Hugo Theodorus Christophorus]] (1831–1894) magister et entomologiae peritus Germanus * Chun – [[Carolus Chun]] (1852–1914) malacologiae peritus et [[Valdivia expeditio]]nis dux * E. Clark – [[Eugenia Clark]] (1922–?) ichthyologiae perita Americana (vide [[:en:Eugenie Clark|Vicipaediam Anglicam]]) * H.L. Clark – [[Hubertus Lyman Clark]] (1870–1947) zoologus Americanus (vide [[:en:Hubert Lyman Clark|Vicipaediam Anglicam]]) * Clench – [[Henricus Kendon Clench]] (1925–1979) entomologiae peritus Americanus * Clerck – [[Carolus Alexander Clerck]] (1709–1765) arachnologiae et entomologiae peritus Suecus * Cloquet – [[Hippolytus Cloquet]] (1787–1840) naturae peritus Francus (vide [[:fr:Hippolyte Cloquet|Vicipaediam Francogallicam]]) * Cohen – [[Daniel Morris Cohen]] (*1930) ichthyologus Americanus * Colbert – [[Edvinus Harris Colbert]] (1905-2001) palaeontologus Americanus (vide [[:en:Edwin Harris Colbert|Vicipaediam Anglicam]]) * Cole – [[Francus Raimundus Cole]] (1892-1988) entomologus Americanus * Collett – [[Robertus Collett]] (1842-1913) zoologus Vertebratorum et praesertim Mammalium Norvegus * Common – [[Ioannes Franciscus Bell Common]] entomologus Australianus * Conant – [[Rogerius Conant]] (1909-2003) herpetologus Americanus * Conci – [[Caesar Conci]] (*1920) entomologus malacologusque Italus * Conde – [[Otho Conde]] (1905–1944) herpetologus Amphibiorum * Conrad – [[Thomas Conradus de Baldenstein]] (1784-1878) naturalista et in specie ornithologus Helvetius (vide [[:fr:Thomas Conrad von Baldenstein|Vicipaediam Francogallicam]]) * Conrad – [[Timotheus Abbott Conrad]] (1803–1877) crustaceologus malacologusque Americanus (vide [[:en:Timothy Abbott Conrad|Vicipaediam Anglicam]]) * Constant, Const. – [[Alexander Constant]] (1829–1901) * Cooper – [[Iacobus Graham Cooper]] (1830–1902) naturalista Americanus (vide [[:en:James Graham Cooper|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Cooper – [[Guilielmus Cooper]] (1798–1864) malacologus Americanus (vide [[:en:William Cooper (conchologist)|Vicipaediam Anglicam]]) * Cope – [[Eduardus Drinker Cope]] (1840–1897) herpetologus et praesertim palaeontologus praeclarus Americanus * Coquerel – [[Carolus Coquerel]] (1822–1867) naturalista Francus (vide [[:fr:Charles Coquerel|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Cornalia – [[Aemilius Cornalia]] (1824-1882) naturalista Italus * Corti – [[Arnoldus Corti]] (1873–1932) chemicus et entomologus Helvetius * Costa – [[Achilles Costa]] (1823–1898) entomologus Italus * Costa – [[Emmanuel Mendez da Costa]] (1717-1791) malacologus Britannus * O.G. Costa – [[Orontius Gabriel Costa]] (1787-1867) entomologus Italus pater Aemilii Costae (vide [[:it:Oronzio Gabriele Costa|Vicipaediam Italicam]]) * Coues – [[Elliott Coues]] (1842–1899) ornithologus Americanus * Cramer, Cram. – [[Petrus Cramer]] (1721–ca. 1779) * F. Cramer – [[Francus Cramer]] (1861-1948) zoologus Americanus [https://web.archive.org/web/20070608232208/http://www.harker.org/history/cramer/cramer.htm web] * Crampton – [[Guido Chester Crampton]] (1881–1951) * Crampton – [[Guilielmus Crampton|Guilielmus G. R. Crampton]] (*1969) ichthyologus Hiberno-Britannus * Creighton – [[G. K. Creighton]], mammalogus Americanus * Cretzschmar – [[Philippus Iacobus Cretzschmar]] (1786–1845) zoologus Germanus (praesertim ornithologus) * Crewe – [[Henricus Harpur Crewe]] (1828–1883) naturalista Britannus * Crotch – [[Georgius Robertus Crotch]] (1842–1874) entomologus Britannus (vide [[:en:George Robert Crotch|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Crowson – [[Roy Crowson]] (1914–1999) entomologus Britannus (vide [[:en:Roy Crowson|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Crusafont-Pairo – [[Michael Crusafont-Pairo]] (1910–1983) zoologus Hispanus * Curran – [[Carolus Howard Curran]] (1894-1972) entomologus Canadensis * Curtis – [[Ioannes Curtis (entomologus)|Ioannes Curtis]] (1791–1862) * Cuvier – [[Georgius Cuvier]] (1769–1832) ichthyologus Francus * Cuvier – [[Fridericus Cuvier]] (1773–1838) (F. Cuvier) zoologus Francus == D == * Da Costa – [[Emanuel Mendez da Costa]] (1717–1791), britischer Naturforscher * Dahlbom – [[Anders Gustav Dahlbom]] (1808–1859), schwedischer Entomologe [[:en:Anders Gustav Dahlbom|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Dale – [[James Charles Dale]] (1792–1872), britischer Entomologe * Dall – [[William Healey Dall]] (1845–1927), US-amerikanischer Zoologe (Malakologe) [[:en:W.H. Dall|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Dalla Torre – [[Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre]] (1850–1928), österr. Entomologe * Dana – [[James Dwight Dana]] (1813–1895), US-amerikanischer Zoologe * Daudin – [[François Marie Daudin]] (1774–1804), französischer Zoologe * David – [[Armand David]] (1826–1900), französischer Zoologe und Botaniker * Dawydoff – [[Constantin Dawydoff]] (1877–1960) – Rippenquallen * De Blainville – [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville]] (1777–1850), französischer Zoologe * De Castelnau – [[Francis de la Porte, comte de Castelnau]] (1812–1880), franz. Forschungsreisender * Deeleman-Reinhold – [[Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold]] niederländische Arachnologin, rezent * De Filippi – [[Filippo de Filippi]] (1814–1867), italienischer Zoologe * De Geer – [[Carl de Geer]] (1720–1778), schwedischer Zoologe (Entomologe) * De Haan – [[Wilhem de Haan]] (1801–1855), niederländischer Zoologe (Wirbellose) * De Kay – [[James Ellsworth De Kay]] (1792–1851), amerikanischer Zoologe * Delacour – [[Jean Theodore Delacour]] (1890–1985), französisch-amerikanischer Ornithologe * De la Llave – [[Pablo de la Llave]] (1773–1833), mexikanischer Naturforscher (Ornithologe, Botaniker) [[:en:Pablo de la Llave|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * De Man – [[Johannes Govertus de Man]] (1850–1930), niederländischer Zoologe (Crustaceen) * Denis – [[Jacques Denis]] (1902-1972), französischer Arachnologe [[:fr:Jacques Denis|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Denis – [[Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis]] (1729–1800), österr. Entomologe * Desmarest – [[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest]] (1784–1838), französischer Zoologe * DesMurs – [[Marc Athanase Parfait Œillet Des Murs]] (1804–1878), franz. Ornithologe [[:fr:Marc Athanase Parfait Œillet Des Murs|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Deville [[Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville]] (1814-1876), französischer Zoologe * de Winton – [[William Edward de Winton]] (1856-1922), britischer Mammaloge [[:en:William Edward de Winton|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Diard – [[Pierre-Médard Diard]] (1794–1863), französischer Naturforscher [[:fr:Pierre-Médard Diard|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Djakonov – [[Alexander Michailovitsch Djakonov]] (1886–1956), russisch-sowjetischer Entomologe * Dobson – [[George Edward Dobson]] (1844–1895), irischer Zoologe [[:en:George Edward Dobson|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Döderlein – [[Ludwig Döderlein]] (1855–1936), deutscher Zoologe (Wirbellose, bes. Echinodermen) * Donis. oder Donisthorpe – [[Horace Donisthorpe]] (1870–1951) [[:en:Horace Donisthorpe|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Donovan – [[Edward Donovan]] (1768–1837), britischer Zoologe [[:en:Edward Donovan|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * d'Orbigny – '''[[Alcides d'Orbigny]]''' ([[1802]]–[[1857]]), [[Zoologia|Zoologicus]] et [[Palaeontologia|Palaeontologicus]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. * Doria – [[Giacomo Doria]] (1840–1913), italienischer Naturforscher [[:en:Giacomo Doria|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Doubleday – [[Edward Doubleday]] (1810-1849), britischer Entomologe * Doubleday – [[Henry Doubleday]] (1808–1875), britischer Entomologe und Ornithologe [[:en:Henry Doubleday|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Doyère – [[Louis Doyère]] (1811–1863) (Bärtierchen) * Drury – [[Dru Drury]] (1725–1804), britischer Entomologe * Du Bus de Gisignies – [[Bernard du Bus de Gisignies]] (1808–1874) * Du Chaillu – [[Paulus Belloni Du Chaillu]] (1831–1903), französisch-amerikanischer Naturforscher [[:en:Paul Belloni Du Chaillu|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Dufour – [[Léon Dufour]] (1780-1865), französischer Entomologe [[:fr:Léon Dufour|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Duméril – [[André Marie Constant Duméril]] (1774–1860), französischer Entomo-, Herpeto- und Ichthyologe [[:fr:André Marie Constant Duméril|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Duméril – [[Auguste Duméril]] (1812–1870), französischer Herpetologe und Ichthyologe [[:fr:Auguste Duméril|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Dunn – [[Emmett Reid Dunn]] (1894-1956), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe * Duponchel – [[Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel]] (1774–1846), französischer Entomologe [[:fr:Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Duvernoy – [[Georges Louis Duvernoy]] (1777–1855), französischer Zoologe [[:fr:Georges Louis Duvernoy|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Dybowsky – [[Benedykt Dybowsky]] (1833–1930), polnischer Zoologe [[:fr:Benedykt Dybowsky|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] == E == * Ehrenberg – [[Christianus Godefridus Ehrenberg]] (1795–1876) zoologus Germanus * Ellerman – [[Iohannes Ellerman]] (1910–1973) zoologus Britannus (vide [[:en:John Ellerman|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Elliot – [[Daniel Giraldus Elliot]] (1835–1915) zoologus Americanus (praesertim ornithologus) * Emery – [[Carolus Emery]] (1848–1925) entomologus Italus * Ennik – [[Franklinus Ennik]] arachnologus Americanus * Enslin – [[Eduardus Enslin]] (1879–1970) biologus Germanus * Erichson – [[Guilielmus Ferdinandus Erichson]] (1809–1848) entomologus Germanus * Erxleben – [[Ioannes Christianus Erxleben]] (1744–1777) biologus Germanus * Eschmeyer – [[Guilielmus Eschmeyer]] ichthyologus Germanicus * Eschscholtz – [[Ioannes Fridericus Eschscholtz]] (1793–1831) entomologus atque botanicus Germanus * Esper – [[Eugenius Ioannes Christophorus Esper]] (1742–1810) entomologus Germanus * Eversmann – [[Eduardus Fridericus de Eversmann]] (1794–1860) entomologus atque botanicus Russus * Eyton – [[Thomas Campbell Eyton]] (1809–1880) biologus Britannus (praesertim ornithologus) == F == * F., Fabricius – [[Johann Christian Fabricius]] (1745–1808), dänischer Entomologe und Arachnologe * Fairm., Fairmaire – [[Léon Fairmaire]] (1820–1906) französischer Entomologe ([[:fr:Léon Fairmaire|Vicipaedia Francogallica]]) * Fall., Fallén – [[Carl Frederick Fallén]] (1764–1830), schwedischer Entomologe und Botaniker ([[:en:Carl Frederick Fallén|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Fan – [[Tsang How Fan]], chinesischer Herpetologe (publ. 1931) * Fatio – [[Victor Fatio]] (1838–1906), Schweizer Entomologe ([[:fr:Victor Fatio|Vicipaedia Francogallica]]) * Férussac – [[Jean Baptiste Louis d'Audebard Férussac]] (1745–1815), franz. Naturforscher ([[:fr:André Étienne Justin Pascal Joseph François d'Audebert de Férussac|Vicipaedia Francogallica]]) * Fieb., Fieber – [[Franz Xaver Fieber]] (1807-1872), österreichischer Botaniker und Entomologe * Finsch – [[Otto Finsch]] (1839–1917), deutscher Ornithologe * Fioroni – [[Pio Fioroni]] (1933–2003), Schweizer Malakologe [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928001310/http://www.malacsoc.org.uk/Malacological%20Bulletin/BULL42/OBITUARY.htm web] * G. Fischer, Fisch., Fischer de Waldheim, Fischer von Waldheim – [[Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]] (1771–1853), dt. Zool. (Entomologe) * Fitz., Fitzinger – [[Leopold Fitzinger]] (1802–1884), österreichischer Zoologe (hauptsächl. Wirbeltiere) * Flannery – [[Tim Flannery]] (*1956), australischer Mammaloge und Paläontologe * Flem., Fleming – [[John Fleming]] (1785–1857), britischer Zoologe ([[:en:John Fleming (naturalist)|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Fleming, J.H. Fleming – [[James Henry Fleming]] (1872-1940), kanadischer Ornithologe * Flower – [[William Henry Flower]] (1831-1899), Britischer Zoologe * Fonscolombe, Boyer de F. – [[Baron Etienne Laurent Joseph Hippolyte Boyer de Fonscolombe]] (1772–1853), franz. Entomologe * Forbes – [[Henry Ogg Forbes]] (1851-1932), schottischer Ornithologe und Botaniker ([[:en:Henry Ogg Forbes|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Forel – [[Auguste-Henri Forel]] (1848–1931), Schweizer Entomologe ([[:fr:Auuste Forel|Vicipaedia Francogallica]]) * Forsius – [[Runar Forsius]] (1884–1935), finnischer Entomologe * Forsskål – [[Peter Forsskål]] (1732–1763), schwedischer Naturforscher * Forsyth Major – [[Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major]] (1843–1923), Schweizer Zoologe und Paläontologe * Forst., Forster, G. Forst. – [[Johann Georg Adam Forster]] (1754–1794), v.&nbsp;a. Pflanzen * Forst., Forster, J. R. Forst. – [[Johann Reinhold Forster]] (1729–1798), v.&nbsp;a. Tiere * Forster – [[Raymond Robert Forster]] (1922-2000), neuseeländischer Arachnologe * Förster – [[Arnold Förster]] (1810–1884), deutscher Entomologe * Fowler – [[Henry Weed Fowler]] (1879–1965), amerikanischer Ichthyologe und Herpetologe ([[:en:Henry Weed Fowler|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Fox – [[Irving Fox]] (1912–1992), amerikanischer Entomologe und Arachnologe * Fox – [[Wade Fox]] (1920–1964), amerikanischer Herpetologe ([[:en:Wade Fox|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Franganillo-Balboa – [[Pelegrin Franganillo-Balboa]] (1873-1955), spanischer Arachnologe * Fraser – [[Louis Fraser]] (1810–1866), britischer Zoologe ([[:en:Louis Fraser|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Frisch – [[Johann Leonhard Frisch]] (1666–1743), deutscher Entomologe und Ornithologe * Frisch – [[Just Leopold Frisch]] (1714-1789), deutscher Naturforscher * Frisch – [[Karl von Frisch]] (1886-1982), österreichischer Entomologe * Friv., Frivaldszky – [[Imre Frivaldszky]] (1799–1870), ungarischer Entomologe und Botaniker * Füsslins – [[Johann Kaspar Füssli]] (1743–1786), Schweizer Entomologe ([[:fr:Johann Kaspar Füssli|Vicipaedia Francogallica]]) == G == * Gaimard – [[Joseph Paul Gaimard]] (1796–1858) , französischer Naturforscher * Galton – [[Francis Galton]] (1822–1911), britischer Naturforscher * Gambel – [[William Gambel]] (1823–1849), amerikanischer Naturforscher [[:en:William Gambel|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Gardner – [[Alfred L. Gardner]] (* ), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge [https://web.archive.org/web/20070421162849/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/vert/mammals/alg.html web] * Garman – [[Samuel Garman]] (1843-1927), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe und Ichthyologe [[:en:Samuel Garman|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Garnot – [[Prosper Garnot]] (1794–1838), französischer Naturforscher [[:fr:Prosper Garnot|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Gauthier – [[Jacques Gauthier]] (*1948), US-amerikanischer Paläontologe * Gegenbaur – [[Carl Gegenbaur]] (1826–1903), deutscher Zoologe * Gené – [[Giuseppe Gené]] (1800–1847), italienischer Entomo-, Herpeto- und Ornithologe * E. Geoffroy (Saint-Hilaire) – [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] (1772–1844), französischer Naturforscher * I. Geoffroy (Saint-Hilaire) – [[Isidorus Gotefridus Saint-Hilaire]] (1805–1861), zoologus Francogallicus * Georgi – [[Johann Gottlieb Georgi]] (1729–1802), deutscher Naturforscher * Gerstaecker (Gerst.) – [[Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstäcker]] (1828–1895), deutscher Entomologe * Gerstäcker – [[Friedrich Gerstäcker]] (1816-1872), deutscher Forschungsreisender * Gertsch – [[Willis John Gertsch]] (1906–1998), Arachnologe * Gervais – [[Paulus Gervais]] (1816–1879), biologus atque palaeontologus Francogallicus * Gidley – [[James Williams Gidley]] (1866–1931), US-amerikanischer Paläontologe und Zoologe * Gill – [[Theodore Nicholas Gill]] (1837–1914), US-amerikanischer Ichtyologe und Mammaloge * Gilmore – [[Charles W. Gilmore]] (1874-1945), US-amerikanischer Paläontologe [[:en:Charles W. Gilmore|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Girard – [[Charles Frédéric Girard]] (1822–1895), amerikanisch-französischer Herpeto- und Ichthyologe * Girard – [[Maurice Jean Auguste Girard]] (1822-1886), französischer Entomologe [[:fr:Maurice Jean Auguste Girard|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Gistel – [[Johannes Gistel]] (Johannes von Nepomuk Franz Xaver Gistel, 1809–1873), deutscher Naturforscher * Giraud – [[Joseph Etienne Giraud]] (1808–1877), französischer Entomologe * Gloger – [[Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger]] (1803–1863), deutscher Zoologe (Ornithologe) * Gmelin (Gm.) – [[Ioannes Fridericus Gmelin]] (1748–1804), biologus Germanicus * Gmelin – [[Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin]] (1744-1774), deutsch-russischer Naturforscher * Godart (Godt.) – [[Jean-Baptiste Godart]] (1775-1825), französischer Entomologe [[:fr:Jean-Baptiste Godart|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Godman – [[Frederick DuCane Godman]] (1834–1919), britischer Entomologe und Ornithologe * Godman – [[John Davidson Godman]] (1794-1830), amerikanischer Naturforscher * Goeze – [[Johann August Ephraim Goeze]] (1731-1793), deutscher Pastor und Naturforscher * Goldfuss (Goldf.) – [[Georgius Augustus Goldfuß]] (1782–1848) (auch: Goldfuss), deutscher Zoologe * Goodrich – [[Eduinus Stephanus Goodrich]] (1868-1946), zoologus atque palaeontologus Britannicus [http://www.chlt.org/sandbox/lhl/dsb/page.467.php web] * Goods., Goodsir – [[Harry Goodsir]] (Krebse) oder [[John Goodsir]] (1814-1867) * Gosse – [[Philip Henry Gosse]] (1810–1888), britischer Naturforscher * Gould – [[Augustus Addison Gould]] (1805–1866), amerikanischer Malakologe [[:en:Augustus Addison Gould|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Gould – [[Ioannes Gould]] (1804–1881), britischer Ornithologe * Gr. – siehe Gravenhorst (Insekten), Grube (Würmer) * A. Grandidier – [[Alfred Grandidier]] (1836–1921), französischer Naturforscher * G. Grandidier – [[Guillaume Grandidier]] (1873–1957) * Grant – [[Chapman Grant]] (1887–1983) Herpetologe * Grant – [[Robertus Edmundus Grant]] (1793-1874), britischer Biologe (zoologia) * Grant – [[Ulysses S. Grant IV]] (1893–1977) Malakologie, Paläontologie [[:en:Ulysses S. Grant IV|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Graslin (Grasl.) – [[Adolphe de Graslin]] (1802-1882) * Gravenhorst (Grav., Gravenh., Gravh.) – [[Johann Ludwig Christian Carl Gravenhorst]] (1777–1857), dt. Zoologe (Orni.) * Gray I E – [[Ioannes Eduardus Gray]] (1800–1875), für Tiere * Gray G R – [[Georgius Robertus Gray]] (1808–1872), für Vögel * Gregory – [[John Walter Gregory]] (1864–1932), australischer Geologe und Paläontologe * Gregory – [[William King Gregory]] (1876-1970), US-amerikanischer Zoologe und Paläontologe (Wirbeltiere) [[:en:William King Gregory|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Grell – [[Karl Gottfried Grell]] (1912–1994), deutscher Protozoologe * Greenway – [[James Cowan Greenway]] (1903-1989) * Griffith – [[Edward Griffith]] (1790–1858), britischer Zoologe * Grobben – [[Carolus Grobben]] (1854-1945), ostenreichiser Zoologe (Mollusca et Crustacea) * Gronov – [[Lorenz Theodor Gronov]] (auch [[Laurens Theodore Gronow]], [[Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius]]) (1730-1777), deutsch-niederländischer Naturforscher (Ichthyologe) * Grote – [[Augustus Radcliffe Grote]] (1841–1903), britisch-amerikanischer Entomologe * Grote – [[Hermann Grote]] (1882-1951), deutscher Ornithologe * Grube – [[Adolf Eduard Grube]] (1812-1880), polnischer Zoologe * Gthr. – siehe Günther * Guenée (Guen.) – [[Achille Guenée]] (1809–1880), französischer Entomologe [[:fr:Achille Guenée|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Guerin (Guér) – [[Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville]] (1799–1874), franz. Entomologe [[:fr:Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Guich., Guichenot – [[Alphonse Guichenot]] (1809-1876), französischer Herpeto- und Ichthyologe [[:fr:Alphone Guichenot|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Güldenstädt (Güldenst.) – [[Johann Anton Güldenstädt]] (1745–1781), deutscher Naturforscher * Gunnerus (Gunner.) – [[Johan Ernst Gunnerus]] (1718–1773), norwegischer Naturforscher * Günther – [[Albert Günther]] (1830–1914), deutsch-britischer Herpeto- und Ichthyologe * Gyllenhaal (Gyl., Gyll.) – [[Leonhard Gyllenhaal]] (1752–1840), schwedischer Entomologe [[:en:Leonard Gyllenhaal|Vicipaedia Anglica]] == H == * Hablizl – [[Carolus Ludovicus Hablizl]] (1752-1821), naturae peritus Russicus * Haeckel – '''[[Ernestus Haeckel]]''' ([[1834]]–[[1919]]), [[Zoologia|Zoologicus]] et [[Palaeontologia|Palaeontologicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]. * Hagen – [[Hermann August Hagen]] (1817–1893), deutsch-amerikanischer Entomologe * Hahn – [[Carl Wilhelm Hahn]] (1786–1835), deutscher Arachnologe * Haliday – [[Alexander Henry Haliday]] (1807–1870), irischer Entomologe [[:en:Alexander Henry Haliday|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Hall – [[Thomas Sergeant Hall]] (1858–1915), australischer Geologe, Paläontologe und Biologe [[:en:Thomas Sergeant Hall|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Hallowell – [[Edward Hallowell]] (1808–1860), deutsch-amerikanischer Herpetologe [[:en:Edward Hallowell|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Haltenorth - [[Theodorus Haltenorth]] (1910-1981), deutscher Zoologe * Hamilton-Buchanan – [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]] (1762–1829), britischer Ichthyologe und Botaniker <!-- so stehts jedenfalls bei en:--> * Hampson – [[George Francis Hampson]], britischer Entomologe (1860–1936) * Hancock – [[Albany Hancock]] (1806–1873), Britischer Zoologe (Malakologe) * Handlirsch – [[Anton Handlirsch]] (1865–1935), österreichischer Entomologe * Hansemann – [[Johann Wilhelm Adolf Hansemann]] (1784–1862), deutscher Entomologe * Harbison – [[G. Richard Harbison]] – Meeresbiologe (20./21. Jh.) * Harlan – [[Richard Harlan]] (1796–1843), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe * Harris – [[Moses Harris]] (1734–1785), englischer Entomologe und Kupferstecher * Harris – [[Edward Harris]] (1799-1863), amerikanischer Ornithologe * Harris – [[John William Harris]] (1808-1872), britischer Naturforscher * Harris – [[Thaddeus William Harris]] (1795–1856), amerikanischer Entomologe * Hartert – [[Ernst Hartert]] (1859–1933), deutscher Ornithologe * Hartig – Graf [[Friedrich Maria Heinrich Anton Franz-Joseph von Hartig]] oder [[Fred Hartig]] (1901–1979), Südtiroler Entomologe * Hartig – [[Theodor Hartig]] (1805–1880), deutscher Naturforscher * Hartlaub – [[Gustav Hartlaub]] (1814–1900), deutscher Ornithologe ([[:en:Gustav Hartlaub|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Hatschek – [[Berthold Hatschek]] (1854–1941), tschechisch-österreichischer Zoologe * Haworth – [[Adrian Hardy Haworth]] (1767–1833), britischer Crustaceologe, Entomologe und Botaniker * Hay – [[William Perry Hay]] (1872-1947), US-amerikanischer Crustaceologe * Hayman – [[R. W. Hayman]], britischer Mammaloge (publ. 1936, 1950, 1958, 1962) * Hb., Hbn. siehe Hübner * Heaney – [[Lawrence R. Heaney]], US-amerikanischer Mammaloge und Biogeograph (20./21. Jh.) * Heckel – [[Johann Jakob Heckel]] (1790–1857), österreichischer Agronom und Zoologe (Ichthyologe) * Heineken, auch Heinecken – [[C. Heineken]] (Carlos oder Karl) (†1829/30), Mediziner und Ornithologe auf Madeira, arachnologische Arbeit vermutlich 1832 posthum von R.T. Lowe (siehe [[#L|L]]) veröffentlicht [http://www.zoonomen.net/bio/bioh.html#Heineken web] * Hellén – [[Wolter Edward Hellén]] (1890–1979), finnischer Entomologe * Heller – [[Edmund Heller]] (1875–1939), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe und Mammaloge * Hellmayr – [[Carl Edward Hellmayr]] (1878–1944), deutscher Ornithologe * Hemprich – [[Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich]] (1796–1825), deutscher Naturforscher * Henle – [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle]] (1809–1885), deutscher Ichthyologe * Hentz – [[Nicholas Marcellus Hentz]] (1797–1856), amerikanisch-französischer Arachnologe * Herbst – [[Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst]] (1743–1807), deutscher Entomo- und Crustaceologe * Hering – [[Erich Martin Hering]] (1893–1967), deutscher Entomologe * Hermann – [[Johann Hermann (Naturforscher)]] (1738–1800), Elsässer (u. a. Spitzmäuse) [[:fr:Jean Hermann|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Herrich-Schäffer – [[Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer]], deutscher Entomologe (1799–1874) * Hershkovitz – [[Philip Hershkovitz]] (1909–1997), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge * Heude – [[Pierre Marie Heude]] (1836–1902), französischer Zoologe [[:fr:Pierre Heude|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Heuglin – [[Theodor von Heuglin]] (1824–1876), deutscher Zoologe (Ornithologe) * Heymons – [[Richard Heymons]] (1867-1943), deutscher Zoologe * Hilgendorf – [[Franz Martin Hilgendorf]] (1839-1904), deutscher Zoologe und Paläontologe * Hill – [[John E. Hill]], englischer Mammaloge (publ. 1974) * Hinton – [[Martin Hinton]] (1883–1961), britischer Mammaloge [[:en:Martin Hinton|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Hodgson – [[Brian Houghton Hodgson]] (1800–1894), ornithologus et philologus * Hoffmanns. oder Hoffmannsegg – [[Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg]] (1766–1849), dt. Entomologe, Ornithologe u. Botaniker * Holbrook – [[John Edwards Holbrook]] (1794–1871), amerikanischer Herpetologe und Ichthyologe * Hollister – [[Ned Hollister]] (1876-1924), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge * Holthuis – [[Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis]] (*1921), niederländischer Crustaceologe * Hölzel – [[Herbert Hölzel]] österreichischer Entomologe * Hombron – [[Jacques Bernard Hombron]] (1798–1852), französischer Naturforscher * Horn – [[George Henry Horn]] (1840–1897), amerikanischer Entomologe (Coleopterologe) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120212231550/http://www-museum.unl.edu/research/entomology/workers/GHorn.htm web] * Horsfield – [[Thomas Horsfield]] (1773–1859), britischer Naturforscher * Hose – [[Charles Hose]] (1863–1929), britischer Zoologe [[:en:Charles Hose|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Houttuyn – [[Maarten Houttuyn]] (1720-1798), niederländischer Naturforscher * Hoyle – [[William Evans Hoyle]] (1855–1926), britischer Malakologe ([[:en:William Evans Hoyle|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Hübner, Hbn., Hb. – [[Jacob Hübner]] (1761–1826), deutscher Entomologe * Huene – [[Friedrich von Huene]] (1875–1969), deutscher Paläontologe * Hufnagel, Hufn. – [[Johann Siegfried Hufnagel]] (1724–1795), deutscher Entomologe * Hume – [[Allan Octavian Hume]] (1829–1912), britischer Ornithologe * Hummel – [[Arvid David Hummel]] (1778–1836), dänischer Zoologe * Huxley – '''[[Thomas Henricus Huxley]]''' ([[1825]]–[[1895]]), [[Zoologia|Zoologicus]], [[Palaeontologia|Palaeontologicus]] et [[Philosophia naturae]] == I == * Ijima – [[Isao Iijima]] (飯島魁 ''Iijima Isao,'' 1861–1921) spongiologiae peritus Iaponicus * Imhoff – [[Ludovicus Imhoff]] (1801–1868) medicus et zoologus Helvetius * Illiger – [[Ioannes Carolus Gulielmus Illiger]] (1775–1813) zoologus Germanus (praesertim entomologus) * Iredale – [[Thomas Iredale]] (1880–1972) malacologiae et ornithologiae peritus Britannus (vide [[:en:Tom Iredale|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Isert - [[Paulus Erdmann Isert]] (1756-1789) botanicus atque ornithologiae peritus Germanus (vide [[:en:Paul Erdmann Isert|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Ivie – [[Wilton Ivie]] (1907–1969) arachnologiae peritus Americanus == J == * Jacq., Jacquin – [[Nicolaus Iosephus de Jacquin]] (1727–1817) naturae peritus Batavus * Jacquinot – [[Honoratus Jacquinot]] (1815–1887) zoologus Francus (vide [[:fr:Honoré Jacquinot|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Jäger – [[Petrus Jäger]] (*1968), arachnologiae peritus Germanus * Jakowlew – [[Alexander Ivanii filius Jakowlew]] (1863–1909) entomologiae peritus Russus * Jan – [[Georgius Jan|Gorgius Ioannes]] (1791 - 1866) zoologus et botanicus Italus (vide [[:fr:Giorgio Jan|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Jardine – [[Gulielmus Jardine]] (1800–1874) ornithologiae peritus Britannus * Jarocki – [[Felix Paulus Jarocki]] (1790–1865) zoologus Polonus (vide [[:fr:Feliks Paweł Jarocki|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Jeannel – [[Renatus Gabriel Jeannel]] (1879–1965), entomologiae peritus Francus * Jellison – [[Gulielmus Jellison]] (1906-1995), arachnologiae peritus Americanus [http://www.phthiraptera.org/phthirapterists/jellison/jellison.htm web] * Jentink – F.A. Jentink/[[Fridericus Anna Jentink]] (1884-1913) zoologus Batavus * Jerdon – [[Thomas Jerdon]] (1811–1872), zoologus et botanicus Britannus (vide [[:en:Thomas C. Jerdon|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Jordan – [[David Starr Jordan]] (1851–1931) ichthyologiae peritus Americanus * Jordan – [[Carolus Jordan|Carolus Iordanes]] (1861-1959) entomologiae peritus Germanus * Joubin – [[Ludovicus Joubin]] (1861-1935) malacologiae peritus Francus (vide [[:fr:Louis Joubin|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Jurine – [[Ludovicus Jurine]] (1751-1819) naturae peritus Helvetius == K == * Kamiya – [[Toshiro Kamiya]] (神谷敏郎 ''Kamiya Toshirō''), cetologus Iaponicus * Karsch – [[Fridericus Karsch]] arachnologus (publ. 1878, 1879, 1880) * Karsch oder Karsch-Haack – [[Ferdinandus Antonius Franciscus Karsch]] (1853–1936) * Kaup – [[Ioannes Iacobus Kaup]] (1803–1873) naturalista Germanus * Kennedy – [[Clarentius Hamilton Kennedy]] (1879–1952) entomologus Americanus * Kerr – [[Robertus Kerr]] (1755–1813) naturalista Britannus * Keulemans – [[Ioannes Gerardus Keulemans]] (1842–1912) ornithologus ac imaginum faber Batavus * Keyserling – [[Alexander Keyserling]] sive [[Alexander de Keyserling|de Keyserling]] comes (1815–1891) naturalista et palaeontologus Germanus * Keyserling – [[Eugenius de Keyserling]] comes (1833-1889) arachnologus Germanus * Kieffer – [[Ioannes Iacobus Kieffer]] (1856–1925) * King – [[Philippus Parker King]] (1793–1856) naturalista Britannus * Kirby – [[Guilielmus Kirby]] (1759–1850) entomologus Anglus * W. F. Kirby – [[Guilielmus Forsell Kirby]] (1844–1912) entomologus Britannus * Kirk – [[Ioannes Kirk]] (1832-1922) naturalista Britannus * Kirkaldy – [[Georgius Guilielmus Kirkaldy]] (1873-1910) entomologus Britanno-Americanus * Kirschbaum – [[Carolus Ludovicus Kirschbaum]] (1812–1880) entomologus Germanus * Kittlitz – [[Henricus de Kittlitz]] (1799–1874) ornithologus Germanus * Kleinschmidt – [[Otho Kleinschmidt]] (1870-1954) zoologus Germanus * Kloss – [[Caecilius Boden Kloss]] (1877–1949) ornithologus Britannus * Klotzsch – [[Iohannes Fridericus Klotzsch]] (1805-1860) botanicus * Klug – [[Iohannes Christophorus Fridericus Klug]] (1775–1856) entomologus Germanus * Kner – [[Rudolfus Kner]] (1810–1868) ichthyologus Austrius * Knoch – [[Augustus Guilelmus Knoch]] (1742–1818) naturalista Germanus * Koby – [[Fridericus Ludovicus Koby]] (1852-1930) palaeontologus Helvetius (praesertim coralliorum) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929012140/http://www.palaeojura.ch/d/projekt/index.html web] * Koch – [[Carolus Ludovicus Koch]] (1778–1857) arachnologus Germanus * L. Koch – [[Ludovicus Carolus Christianus Koch]] (filius Caroli Ludovici Koch, 1825–1908) arachnologus ut pater * Kohlreuther – ? <small>([[Iosephus Gottlieb Kölreuter]] ?)</small> * Kolbe – [[Hermannus Iulius Kolbe]] (1855–1939) entomologus Germanus [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214908/http://www.tierdoku.com/index.php?title=Hermann_Julius_Kolbe web] * Kolenati – [[Fridericus Kolenati]] (1813–1864) zoologus Slovacus * Konow – [[Fridericus Guilelmus Konow]] (1842–1908) entomologus Germanus * Koopman – [[Carolus F. Koopman]] (1920–1997) mammmalogus Americanus[https://web.archive.org/web/20080515102816/http://www.batresearchnews.org/Miller/Koopman.html web] * Kraatz – [[Ernestus Gustavus Kraatz]] (1831–1909) entomologus Americanus * Kraatz – [[Gualterus Charles Kraatz]] (1893-1970) zoologus Americanus * Krefft – [[Gerardus Krefft]] (1830–1881) naturalista Austrio-Germanus * Kriechbaumer – [[Iosephus Kriechbaumer]] (1819–1902) entomologus Austrius * Krøyer – [[Henricus Nicolaus Krøyer]] (1799-1870) zoologus Danus * Kuhl – [[Henricus Kuhl]] (1797–1821) zoologus Germanus * Kühne – [[Gualterus Kühne]], [[Gualterius Georgius Kühne]] (1911–1991) palaeontologus Germanus * Kulczynski –[[Vladislaus Kulczyński]] (Wladislaus Kulczynski) (1854-1919) arachnologus Polonus == L == * L. - vide Linnaeus * Lacépède – [[Bernardus Germanus Stephanus de Lacépède]] (1756–1825), ichthyo-herpetologus Francus * Lacordaire – [[Ioannes Theodorus Lacordaire]] (1801–1870), entomologus Francus * Lafresnaye – [[Fridericus de Lafresnaye]] (1783–1861), ornithologus Francus (vide [[:fr:Frédéric de Lafresnaye|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Laicharting – [[Iohannes Nepomuk de Laicharting]] (1754–1797), entomologus Austrius * Lamarck – [[Ioannes Baptista de Monet de Lamarck]] (1744–1829) * Lameere – [[Augustus Lameere]] (1864–1942) entomologus Belgicus (vide [[:fr:Auguste Lameere|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Lankester – [[Edvinus Lankester]] (1814-1874) naturalista Britannus * Lankester – [[Edvinus Raimundus Lankester]] (1847-1929) zoologus Britannus (vide [[:en:Ray Lankester|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Laporte – [[Franciscus de la Porte]] comes de Castelnau (1812–1880) entomologus Francus * Latham – [[Iohannes Latham (ornithologus)|Iohannes Latham]] (1740–1837) ornithologus Britannus * Latreille – [[Petrus Andreas Latreille]] (1762–1833) entomologus Francus * Laur., Laurenti – [[Iosephus Nicolaus Laurenti]] (1735–1805) entomologus Austrius * Laurillard – [[Carolus Leopoldus Laurillard]] (1783–1853) zoologus Francus * Lawrence – [[George Newbold Lawrence]] (1806–1855) ornithologus Americanus * Laxmann – [[Ericus Laxmann]] (1737–1796) naturalista russus * Le Conte – [[Iohannes Eatton Le Conte]] (1784-1860) naturalista Americanus * LeConte – [[Iohannes Laurentius LeConte]] (1825–1883) entomologus Americanus * Leach – [[Edvinus Leach|Edvinus S. Leach]] (1878–1971) entomologus Americanus * Leach – [[Guilielmus Elford Leach]] (1790–1836) zoologus Britannus * St. Leger – [[J. St. Leger]] mammalogus (publ. 1929, 1930, 1933, 1935) * Lehrer - [[Andreas Lehrer|Andreas Z. Lehrer]] (1930- ) entomologus Dacoromanus * Lehtinen – [[Pekka Lehtinen]] arachnologus Finnus (20./21. Jh.) * Leisler – [[Iohannes Philipp Achilles Leisler]] (1771–1813) naturalista Batavus * Lembeye – [[Ioannes Lembeye]] (1816–1889) ornithologus Hispanus * Lepechin – [[Ioannes Lepechin]] (1740-1802) naturalista Russus * Lepeletier – [[Amedeus Ludovicus Michael Lepeletier]] (1770–1845) entomologus Francus * Lereboullet – [[Dominicus Augustus Lereboullet]] (1804-1865) zoologus Francus (vide [[:fr:Dominique Auguste Lereboullet|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Lesson – [[Renatus Primiver Lesson]] (1794–1849) ornithologus Francus * Lesueur – [[Carolus Alexander Lesueur]] (1778–1846) naturalista Francus * Leuckart – [[Rudolfus Leuckart]] (1822-1898) zoologus invertebratorum atque parasitologus * Lichtenstein – [[Antonius Augustus Henricus Lichtenstein]] (1753-1816) zoologus Germanus * Lichtenstein – [[Martinus Lichtenstein]] (1780–1867) zoologus Germanus * Lilljeborg – [[Guilielmus Lilljeborg]] (1816-1908) zoologus Suecus * Link – [[Henricus Fridericus Link]] (1767–1850) naturalista Germanus * Linnaeus – [[Carolus Linnaeus]] (1707–1778) * Linsenmaier – [[Gualterus Linsenmaier]] (1917–2000) entomologus Helvetius * Linsley – [[Earle Gorton Linsley]] (1910–2000) entomologus Americanus * Loew – [[Fridericus Hermannus Loew]] (1807-1879) entomologus Germanus * Lönnberg – [[Einar Lönnberg]] (1864–1942) zoologus (praesertim herpetologus) suecus (vide [[:en:Einar Lönnberg|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Lourenço – [[Wilson Lourenço]] Arachnologus Franco-Brasiliensis [http://www.saude.ribeiraopreto.sp.gov.br/ssaude/noticias/2005/0501/I16050127apai.htm web]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Lortet – [[Ludovicus Carolus Aemilius Lortet]] (1836-1909) herpetologus ac ichthyologus Francus (vide [[:fr:Louis Charles Émile Lortet|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Loveridge – [[Arthurus Loveridge]] (1891-1980) herpetologus Americanus * Lowe – [[Richardus Thomas Lowe]] (1802-1874) ichthyologus et malacologus et botanicus Britannus (vide [[:en:Richard Thomas Lowe|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Lowe – [[Carolus Herbertus Lowe]] (1920-2002, vide [[:en:Charles Herbert Lowe|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Lowe – [[Percy Roycroft Lowe]] (1870–1948) ornithologus Britannus (vide [[:en:Percy Lowe|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Lubbock – [[Iohannes Lubbock]] (1834–1913) entomologus Britannus * Lucas – [[Fridericus Augustus Lucas]] (1852-1929) ornithologus ac palaeontologus Americanus * Lucas – [[Hippolytus Lucas]] (1814–1899) entomologus Francus (vide [[:fr:Hippolyte Lucas (1814–1899)|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Lucas – [[Thomas Pennington Lucas]] (1843-1917) entomologus Britannus * Lund – [[Petrus Guilelmus Lund]] (1801–1880) zoologus Danus * Lydekker – [[Richardus Lydekker]] (1849–1915) zoologus Britannus (vide [[:en:Richard Lydekker|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) == M == * Macleay – [[Alexander Macleay]] (1767–1848), britischer Entomologe * Macleay – [[William John Macleay]] (1820-1891), australischer Naturforscher (Entomologe) * Macquart – [[Justin Pierre Marie Macquart]] (1778–1855) * Madin – [[Laurence P. Madin]] – US-amerikanischer Meeresbiologe [http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=4943 web] * Major, siehe [[#F|Forsyth Major]] * Malaise – [[René Malaise]] (1892–1978), schwedischer Entomologe * Marcus – [[Ernst Marcus (Zoologe)]] (1893-1968) – Bärtierchen [http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/57/1/141.pdf PDF (engl.)] * Marshall – [[Charles Henry Tilson Marshall]] (1841-1927), britischer Ornithologe * Marshall – [[George Frederick Leycester Marshall]] (1843-1934), britischer Entomologe * Marsham – [[Thomas Marsham]] (1747/8-1819), Entomologe (Käfer) [[:en:Thomas Marsham|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Martin – [[William Charles Linnaeus Martin]] (1798–1864), britischer Naturforscher [[:en:William Charles Linnaeus Martin|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Martynov – [[Andrey Vassilievich Martynov]] (1879–1938), russischer Entomologe * Marx – [[George Marx]] (1838-1895), deutsch-amerikanischer Arachnologe * Mathews – [[Gregory Macalister Mathews]] (1876–1949), australischer Ornithologe [[:en:Gregory Mathews|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Matschie – [[Paul Matschie]] (1861–1926), deutscher Zoologe * Matsubara – [[Kiyomatsu Matsubara]] (1907–1968), japanischer Ichthyologe * Matsumura – [[Shonen Matsumura]] (松村松年 ''Matsumura Shōnen,'' 1872–1960), japanischer Entomologe [[:ja:松村松年|Vicipaedia Iaponesica]] * Matsuura – [[Keiichi Matsuura]] (松浦啓一 ''Matsuura Keiichi,'' *1948), japanischer Ichthyologe [https://web.archive.org/web/20130119135150/http://research.kahaku.go.jp/zoology/uodas/staff_and_study/matuura/index.html ウェブ] * Matte – [[Paul Matte]] (1854-1922), Zierfischzüchter in Berlin-Lankwitz. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145949/http://media.hotelwebservice.com/media/pecescriollos/docs/icp_18_-_koerber_2011_freshwater_fishes_of_argentina_-_etymologies_of_species_names_dedicated_to_persons.pdf Freshwater fishes of Argentina: Etymologies of species names dedicated to persons, av Stefan Koerber] * Matthew – [[William Diller Matthew]] (1871–1930), nordamerikanischer Paläontologe (Säugetiere) * Mayer – [[Alfred Goldsborough Mayer]] (1868-1922), US-amerikanischer Naturforscher (Nesseltiere, Insekten ...) * Mayr – [[Ernst Mayr]] (1904-2005), US-amerikanischer Ornithologe * Mayr – [[Gustav Mayr]] (1830–1908), Entomologe (Ameisen) * McClelland – [[John McClelland]] (1805-1883), britischer, in Indien tätiger Mediziner und Zoologe (Fische, Säuger) [http://www.zoonomen.net/bio/biom.html web] * McCook – [[Henry Christopher McCook]] (1837-1911), US-amerikanischer Naturforscher (Entomologe, Arachnologe) * McCoy – [[Frederick McCoy]] (1823-1899), britischer Naturforscher [[:en:Frederick McCoy|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * McCulloch – [[Alan Riverstone McCulloch]] (1885-1925), australischer Crustaceo- und Ichthyologe * McLachlan – [[Robert McLachlan (Zoologe)]] (1837–1904), Entomologe (Mecopteren) * McMurtrie – [[Henry McMurtrie]] (1793–1865), amerikanischer Biologe, Übersetzung (1831) von [[Georges Cuvier]]s „Tierreich“ [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930045934/http://famousamericans.net/henrymcmurtrie/ web] * Mearns – [[Edgar Alexander Mearns]] (1856–1916), US-amerikanischer Ornithologe [[:en:Edgar Alexander Mearns|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Megerle von Mühlfeld - [[Johann Carl Megerle von Mühlfeld]] (1765-1840), österreichischer Entomologe und Malakologe * Méhely – [[Lajos Méhely]] (1862–1946), ungarischer Zoologe * Meigen – [[Johann Wilhelm Meigen]] (1764–1845), deutscher Entomologe * Mello-Leitão - [[Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão]] (1886-1948), brasilianischer Arachnologe [[:en:Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Ménétries – [[Édouard Ménétries]] (1802–1861), französischer Zoologe (Entomologe) [[:fr:Édouard Ménétries|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Menge – [[Anton Menge]] (1808-1880), deutscher Zoologe (Arachnologe) * Merrem – [[Blasius Merrem]] (1761–1824), deutscher Zoologe (Ornithologe) * Merriam – [[Clinton Hart Merriam]] (1855–1942), US-amerikanischer Zoologe * Mertens – [[Robert Mertens]] (1894–1975), in Russland geborener deutscher Herpetologe * Metschnikoff – [[Ilja Iljitsch Metschnikow]] (1845–1916), russischer Zoologe * Meyen – [[Franz Meyen]] (1804–1840), deutscher Botaniker und Südamerikareisender * Meyer oder A. Meyer – [[Adolf Bernhard Meyer]] (1840–1911), deutscher Naturforscher * Meyer oder B. Meyer – [[Bernhard Meyer]] (1767-1836), deutscher Ornithologe * Meyer – [[Friedrich Albrecht Anton Meyer]] (1768-1795), deutscher Zoologe * Meyer – [[Hans Meyer (Afrikaforscher)]] (1858–1929) * Meyer, von Meyer – [[Hermann von Meyer]] (1801-1869), deutscher Paläontologe * Meyrick – [[Edward Meyrick]] (1854–1938), britischer Entomologe [[:en:Edward Meyrick|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Michahelles – [[Karl Michahelles]] (1807–1834), deutscher Ornithologe * Mikan – [[Johann Christian Mikan]] (1769-1844), deutscher Botaniker und Zoologe * Miller – [[František Miller]] (1902–1983), slowakischer Arachnologe * Miller – [[Gerrit Smith Miller]] (1869–1956) – US-amerikanischer Zoologe (Mammaloge) und Botaniker * J.F. Miller – [[John Frederick Miller]] (1759–1796), britischer Naturforscher und Illustrator [[:en:John Frederick Miller|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Miller – [[John Sebastian Miller]] (1715-1790), deutsch-britischer Naturforscher und Illustrator * Miller – [[Loye Holmes Miller]] (1899-1957), US-amerikanische(r) Ornithologe/in * Miller – [[Robert Rush Miller]] (1916-2003), US-amerikanischer Ichthyologe * Millet – [[Pierre-Aimé Millet]] (1783-1873), französischer Naturforscher * Milne-Edwards – [[Alphonse Milne-Edwards]] (1835–1900) – Vögel * Milne Edwards – [[Henri Milne Edwards]] (1800–1885) – Säugetiere, Krustentiere * Mitchill – [[Samuel Latham Mitchill]] (1764–1831), amerikanischer Naturforscher (Ichthyologe) * Mitra - [[Tridib Ranjan Mitra]], indischer Entomologe (Libellen) * Mivart – [[St. George Mivart]] ([[1827]]–[[1900]]), natus [[George Jackson Mivart]], biologus [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]] * Miyosi – [[Yasunori Miyoshi]] (三好保徳 ''Miyoshi Yasunori,'' 1909–1995), japanischer Zoologe (Tausendfüßer, Spinnen, Fische) [[:fr:Yasunori Miyoshi|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Mocsáry – [[Alexander Mocsáry]] (1841–1915), ungarischer Entomologe * Molina – [[Juan Ignacio Molina]] (1740–1829), chilenischer Naturforscher * Montagu – [[George Montagu]] (1753–1815), britischer Zoologe [[:en:George Montagu|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Monticelli – [[Francesco Saverio Monticelli]] (1863-1928), italienischer Zoologe * Moore – [[Joseph Curtis Moore]] (20.&nbsp;Jahrhundert) – Nagetiere * Mori – [[Tamezō Mori]] (森為三 ''Mori Tamezō'', †1940), japanischer Naturforscher [[:en:Tamezo Mori|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Moser – [[Fanny Moser]] (1872–1953) – Rippenquallen * Muche – [[Werner Heinz Muche]] (1911–1987), Entomologe * Mulaik – [[Stanley Mulaik]] (*1935), US-amerikanischer Arachnologe [[:en:Stanley Mulaik|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Muller eigentl. Statius Müller – [[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller]] * Müller – Fritz Müller, [[Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller]] (1821-1897), deutsch-brasilianischer Zoologe * Müller – [[Fritz Müller]] (1834-1895), Schweizer Zoologe * Müller – [[Heinrich Ludwig Hermann Müller]] (1829-1883), deutscher Zoologe und Botaniker * Müller – [[Johannes Peter Müller]] (1801–1858), deutscher Zoologe (Ichthyologe) * Müller – [[Lorenz Müller]] (1868–1956), deutscher Zoologe (Herpetologe) * Müller – [[Otto Friedrich Müller]] (1730–1784), dänischer Naturforscher (v. a. Malakologe) * Müller – [[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller]] (1725–1776), deutscher Zoologe * Müller – [[Salomon Müller]] (1804–1864), deutscher Naturforscher * Mulsant – [[Étienne Mulsant]] (1797–1880), französischer Entomologe und Ornithologe [[:fr:Étienne Mulsant|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Murie – [[James Murie]] (1832-1925), britischer Mediziner und Naturforscher * Murray – [[Andrew Murray (Botaniker)]] (1812-1878), Schotte und Entomologe (Coleopterologe) * Murray – [[James A. Murray]] (1865-1914), britischer Naturforscher, im damaligen Indien tätig [[:en:J. A. Murray (naturalist)|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Musser – [[Guy Musser]], Mammaloge (v.&nbsp;a. Nagetiere, publ. 1981,1982, 1983, 1985) * Muttkowski – [[Richard Anthony Muttkowski]] (1887-1943), US-amerikanischer Biologe == N == * Naef – [[Adolf Naef]] (1883–1949), Schweizer Zoologe und Paläontologe * Nägeli – [[Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli]] (1817-1891), Schweizer Naturforscher * Naumann – [[Carl Andreas Naumann]] (1786-1854), deutscher Ornithologe * Naumann – [[Johann Andreas Naumann]] (1744-1826), deutscher Ornithologe * Naumann – [[Johann Friedrich Naumann]] (1780–1857), deutscher Ornithologe * Natterer – [[Johann Natterer]] (1787–1843), österreichischer Zoologe * Navás – [[R. P. Longinos Navás]] (1858–1938), spanischer Entomologe * Nelson – [[Edward William Nelson]] (1855–1934), US-amerikanischer Naturforscher [[:en:Edward William Nelson|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Neumoegen – [[Berthold Neumoegen]] (†1895), US-amerikanischer Bankier und Entomologe * Newman – [[Edward Newman]] (1801–1876), britischer Entomologe und Botaniker * A. Newton – [[Alfred Newton]] (1829–1907), britischer Ornithologe [[:en:Alfred Newton|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Newton – [[Edward Newton]] (1832-1897), britischer Ornithologe [[:en:Edward Newton|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Nicéville – [[Charles Lionel Augustus de Nicéville]] (1852–1901), britischer Entomologe * Nichols – [[Albert Russell Nichols]] (1859-1933), britischer Zoologe [[:en:Albert Russell Nichols|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Nichols – [[John Treadwell Nichols]] (1883–1958), US-amerikanischer Ichthyologe und Ornithologe [[:en:John Treadwell Nichols|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Nicholson – [[Edward Max Nicholson]] (1904–2003), britischer Ornithologe * Nicholson – [[Henry Alleyne Nicholson]] (1844–1899), britischer Paläontologe (Wirbellose) [[:en:Henry Alleyne Nicholson|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Nickerl, Nick. – [[Franz Anton Nickerl]] (1813–1871), tschechischer Biologe * Nicolet, Nic. – [[Hercule Nicolet]] (1801-ca. 1870), französischer Naturforscher (Entomologe, Arachnologe) * Nielsen – [[Cesare Nielsen]] (1898–1984), italienischer Ornithologe * Nielsen – [[Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen]] (1950-2001), dänischer Entomologe * Nilsson – [[Sven Nilsson]] (1787–1883), schwedischer Naturforscher * Nishiwaki – [[Masaharu Nishiwaki]] (西脇昌治 ''Nishiwaki Masaharu,'' 1915–1984), japanischer Mammaloge (Wale) * Nitsche – [[Heinrich Nitsche]] (1845–1902), deutscher Zoologe * Nitzsch – [[Christian Ludwig Nitzsch]] (1782–1837), deutscher Zoologe (Ornithologe) * Nordmann, Nordm. – [[Alexander von Nordmann]] (1803–1866), finnischer Naturforscher * Norman – [[Alfred Merle Norman]] (1831-1918), britischer Zoologe * D. Norman – [[David B. Norman]] (*1930) US-amerikanischer Paläontologe [[:en:David B. Norman|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Norman – [[John Richardson Norman]] (1899–1944), US-amerikanischer Ichthyologe * Norman – [[John Roxborough Norman]] (1898-1944), britischer Ichthyologe * Norris — [[Tony Norris]] (1917–2005), britischer Ornithologe * Nuttall – [[George Henry Falkiner Nuttall]] (1862–1937), britischer Zoologe (Parasitologe) * Nuttall – [[Thomas Nuttall]] (1786–1859), britischer Ornithologe und Botaniker * Nylander – [[William Nylander]] (1822–1899), finnischer Entomologe und Botaniker [[:fi:William Nylander|Vicipaedia Finnica]] == O == * O. siehe Ochsenheimer * Oberholser – [[Harry Church Oberholser]] (1870–1963), US-amerikanischer Ornithologe [[:en:Harry Church Oberholser|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Oberthür, Obth. – [[Charles Oberthür]] (1845–1924), französischer Verleger und Entomologe [[:fr:Charles Oberthür|frz. FP]] * Ochsenheimer, Ochs., O. – [[Ferdinand Ochsenheimer]] (1767–1822), deutscher Schauspieler und Entomologe * Odhner – [[Nils Hjalmar Odhner]] (1884-1973), schwedischer Malakologe * Odhner – [[Nils Johan Teodor Odhner]] (1879-1928), schwedischer Helminthologe und Arktisforscher * Ogilby – '''[[Iacobus Duglassius Ogilby]]''' ([[1853]]-[[1925]]), [[Zoologia|Zoologicus]] et [[Ichthyologia|Ichthyologicus]], [[Australia]]nus. * Ogilby – '''[[Gulielmus Ogilby]]''' ([[1808]]–[[1873]]), [[Biologia|Biologicus]] et [[Zoologia|Zoologicus]] [[Hibernia|Hibernicus]]. * Ogilvie-Grant – [[William Robert Ogilvie-Grant]] (1863–1924), britischer Ornithologe * Ognev – [[Sergej Ognew]] (1886–1951), russischer Zoologe * Oken – [[Lorenz Oken]] (1779–1851), deutscher Naturphilosoph * Olivi – [[Giuseppe Olivi]] (1769–1795), italienischer Naturforscher * Olivier – [[Guillaume-Antoine Olivier]] (1756–1814), französischer Naturforscher (Entomologe) [[:fr:Guillaume-Antoine Olivier|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Oppel – [[Nicolaus Michael Oppel]] (1782-1820), deutscher Herpetologe * Ord – [[George Ord]] (1781–1866), amerikanischer Ornithologe * Ortmann – [[Arnold Edward Ortmann]] (1863–1927), deutsch-amerikanischer Zoologe [[:en:Arnold Edward Ortmann|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Osbeck, Osb. – [[Pehr Osbeck]] (1723–1805), schwedischer Pfarrer und Weltreisender * Osborn – [[Henry Fairfield Osborn]] (1857–1935), US-amerikanischer Paläontologe * Osgood – [[Wilfred Hudson Osgood]] (1875–1947), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge und Ornithologe [[:en:Wilfred Hudson Osgood|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Osthelder, Osth. – [[Ludwig Osthelder]] (1877–1954), deutscher Beamter und Entomologe * Otth – [[Carl Adolf Otth]] (1803–1839), Schweizer Naturforscher * Oudemans – [[Antoon Cornelis Oudemans]] (1858-1943), niederländischer Zoologe * Oustalet – [[Emile Oustalet]] (1844–1905), französischer Zoologe (Ornithologe) [[:fr:Émile Oustalet|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Owen – '''[[Ricardus Owen]]''' ([[1804]]–[[1892]]), [[Zoologia|Zoologicus]] et [[Palaeontologia|Palaeontologicus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]]. * O. P.-Cambridge auch O. Pickard-Cambridge – [[Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge]] (1828–1917) britischer Zoologe == P == * P. siehe Panzer * Packard, Pack. – [[Alpheus Spring Packard]] (1839–1905), US-amerikanischer Biologe * Pagenstecher, Pag. – [[Arnold Andreas Friedrich Pagenstecher]] (1837–1913), deutscher Arzt und Entomologe * Paik – [[Nam-keuk Paik]] (白南極/백남극, ''Baek Namgeuk''), koreanischer Arachnologe (publ. 1969, 1978, 1991, 1995) * Palacios – [[Fernando Palacios]], spanischer Mammaloge und Herpetologe (publ. 1974, 1975, 1976) * Pallas, Pall. – [[Peter Simon Pallas]] (1741–1811), deutscher Arzt, Naturforscher und Forschungsreisender * Palmer – [[Theodore Sherman Palmer]] (1868-1955), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge und Ornithologe [[:en:Theodore Sherman Palmer|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Panzer, Panz., P. – [[Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer (Botaniker)]] (1755–1829), auch Deutscher und Entomologe * Paykull, Payk. – [[Gustav von Paykull]] (1757–1826), schwedischer Kanzleirat und Entomologe * Payraudeau – [[Charles Payraudeau]] (1798–1865), französischer Zoologe * Peale – [[Titian Peale]] (1799–1885), amerikanischer Naturforscher (Entomologe) [[:en:Titian Peale|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Pearson – [[Oliver Paynie Pearson]] (1915-2003), US-amerikanischer Zoologe * Pelseneer – [[Paul Pelseneer]] (1863-1945), belgischer Malakologe [[:fr:Paul Pelseneer|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Pennant – [[Thomas Pennant]] (1726–1798), britischer Naturforscher * Péron – [[François Péron]] (1775–1810), frnzösischer Naturforscher * Perry – [[George Perry]] (19. Jh.), britischer Zoologe (Malakologe) [[:en:George Perry (naturalist)|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Peters – [[James Arthur Peters]] (1922-1972), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe * Peters – [[James Lee Peters]] (1890-1952), US-amerikanischer Ornithologe * Peters – [[Wilhelm Peters]] (1815–1883), deutscher Zoologe * Petrunkevitch – [[Alexander Petrunkevitch]] (1875-1964), amerikanisch-russischer Arachnologe [[:en:Alexander Petrunkevitch|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Pfeffer – [[Georg Johann Pfeffer]] (1854–1931), deutscher Zoologe (Malakologe) * Phipps – [[Constantine John Phipps]] (1744–1792), britischer Naturforscher * Pickard-Cambridge – [[Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge]] (1860–1905) britischer Arachnologe, Neffe von O. P.-Cambridge * Pickard-Cambridge – [[Octavius Pickard-Cambridge]] (1828–1917) britischer Arachnologe * Piller, Pill. – [[Matthias Piller]] (1733–1788), österreichischer Jesuit und Naturforscher * Pilsbry – [[Henry Augustus Pilsbry]] (1862–1957), US-amerikanischer Malakologe [[:en:Henry Augustus Pilsbry|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Platnick – [[Norman I. Platnick]] – rezenter Arachnologe [[:en:Norman I. Platnick|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Pocock – [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] (1863–1947), britischer Arachnologe und Mammaloge * Poda – [[Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus]] (1723–1798), österreichischer Jesuit und Naturforscher * Poey – [[Felipe Poey]] (1799–1891), kubanischer Entomologe und Ichthyologe * Pomel – [[Auguste Pomel]] (1821–1898), französischer Paläontologe [[:fr:Auguste Pomel|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Pompeckj – [[Josef Felix Pompeckj]] (1867-1930), deutscher Paläontologe * Pontoppidan, Pontopp. – [[Erik Ludvigsen Pontoppidan]] (1698–1764) * Popta – [[Canna Maria Louise Popta]] (1860-1929), niederländische Ichthyologin * Powell – [[Harold Powell]] (1875–1953), britischstämmiger Apotheker, Botaniker und Entomologe * Powell – [[Jaime Eduardo Powell]] (* ), argentinischer Paläontologe * Price – [[Llewellyn Price]] (1905-1980), US-amerikanischer Paläontologe * Prunner, Prun. – [[Leonardo de Prunner]] (17??–1830), deutschstämmiger Offizier und Entomologe * Pruvot-Fol – [[Alice Pruvot-Fol]] (1873–1972), französische Malakologin * Przewalski – [[Nicolaus Przewalski]] (1839–1888), explorator [[Russia|Russicus]] * Pucheran – [[Jacques Pucheran]] (1817–1894), französischer Zoologe [[:fr:Jacques Pucheran|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Püngeler, Püng. – [[Rudolf Püngeler]] (1857–1927), deutscher Jurist und Entomologe * Purcell – [[William Frederick Purcell]] (1866–1919), südafrikanischer Zoologe * Pyle – [[Richard L. Pyle]] (* ), hawaiianischer Ichthyologe (publ. 1990, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2001) [http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/staff/pylerichard.html web] == Q == * Quatrefages – [[Ioannes Ludovicus Armandus de Quatrefages de Breau]] (1810–1892) zoologus Francus (vide [[:fr:Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Quoy – [[Ioannes Renatus Constans Quoy]] (1790–1869) zoologus Francus (vide [[:fr:Jean René Constant Quoy|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) == R == * Radde – [[Gustav Radde]] (1831–1903), deutscher Zoologe (Ornithologe) * Rafinesque – [[Constantine S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz]] (1783–1840), amerikanischer Zoologe und Botaniker * Raffles – [[Thomas Stamford Raffles]] (1781–1826), britischer Naturforscher * Rainbow – [[W. J. Rainbow]], australischer Arachnologe und Entomologe (um 1900) * Rambur – [[Jules Pièrre Rambur]] (1801–1870), französischer Entomologe * Ramsay – [[Edward Pierson Ramsay]] (1842–1916), australischer Ornithologe [[:en:Edward Pierson Ramsay|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Rand – [[Austin Loomer Rand]] (1905–1982), kanadischer Zoologe [[:en:Austin L. Rand|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Randall – [[John Ernest Randall]] (*1924), US-amerikanischer Ichthyologe * Randall – [[John W. Randall]] (1813-1892), US-amerikanischer Crustaceologe * Rapp – [[Wilhelm Ludwig Rapp]] (1774-1868), deutscher Naturforscher * Ratcliffe – [[Bret Charles Ratcliffe]], US-amerikanischer Entomologe (Blathornkäfer, publ. seit 1969) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070714231811/http://www-museum.unl.edu/research/entomology/workers/BRatcliffe.htm web] * Rathbun – [[Mary Jane Rathbun]] (1860–1943), US-amerikanische Crustaceologin [[:en:Mary Rathbun|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Rathbun – [[Richard Rathbun]] (1852-1918), US-amerikanischer Meeresbiologe * Rathke – [[Martin Heinrich Rathke]] (1793–1860), deutscher Zoologe (Crustaceen) * Ratzeburg – [[Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg]] (1801–1871), deutscher Entomologe * Razoumowsky – [[Gregorius de Razoumowsky]] oder [[Gregorius Rasumowski]] (1759-1837), russischer Naturforscher [[:fr:Gregor Kyrillowitsch, comte de Rasumofsky|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Reck – [[Hans Reck]] (1886–1937), in Afrika tätiger deutscher Paläontologe, Ehemann [[Ina von Grumbkow]]s * Regan – [[Charles Tate Regan]] (1878-1943), britischer Ichthyologe [[:en:C. Tate Regan|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Régimbart – [[Maurice Auguste Régimbart]] (1852-1907), französischer Entomologe (Coleopterologe) * J.A.G. Rehn – [[James Abram Garfield Rehn]] (1881–1965), US-amerikanischer Entomologe * J.W.H. Rehn – [[John W. H. Rehn]], US-amerikanischer Entomologe (Mitte 20. Jh.) * Reichenow – [[Anton Reichenow]] (1847–1941), deutscher Herpetologe und Ornithologe * Reichenbach – [[Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach]] (1793-1879), deutscher Zoologe und Botaniker * Reichenbach – [[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach]] (1824-1889), deutscher Ornithologe und Botaniker * Reichenbach – [[Carl Reichenbach]] (1788-1869), deutscher Naturforscher * Reichenow – [[Anton Reichenow]] (1847–1941), deutscher Herpetologe und Ornithologe * Reinhard – [[Henry Jonathan Reinhard]] (1892-1976), US-amerikanischer Entomologe (Coleopterologe) * Reinhard – [[W. Reinhard]], Helminthologe (publ. 1881, 1883, 1885, 1887, 1888) * Reinhardt – [[Johan Reinhardt]] (1776-1845), dänischer Zoologe * Reinhardt – [[Johannes Theodor Reinhardt]] (1816-1882), dänischer Herpetologe * Reinhart – [[Roy Herbert Reinhart]] (*1919), Mammaloge und Paläontologe * Reitter – [[Edmund Reitter]] (1845–1920), deutscher Entomologe * Retzius – [[Anders Jahan Retzius]] (1742–1821), schwedischer Entomologe und Botaniker * Reuss – [[Adolph Reuss]], deutscher Zoologe (Herpetologe, Arachnologe) am [[Senckenberg-Museum]] (publ. 1834) * Reuss – [[Theodor Francis A. Reuss]], Berliner Amateur-Herpetologe (publ. 1927) * Ridgway – [[Robert Ridgway]] (1850–1929), amerikanischer Ornithologe [[:en:Robert Ridgway|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Riechert – [[Susan E. Riechert]], US-amerikanische Ökologin und Arachnologin (1973 promoviert) * Richardson – [[John Richardson (Naturforscher)]] (1787–1865), Brite * Richmond – [[Charles Wallace Richmond]] (1868–1932), US-amerikanischer Ornithologe [[:en:Charles Wallace Richmond|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Ripley – [[Sidney Dillon Ripley]] (1913–2001), US-amerikanischer Ornithologe [[:en:Sidney Dillon Ripley|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Ris – [[Friedrich Ris]] (1867–1931), Schweizer Entomologe * Risso – [[Antoine Risso]] (1777–1845), französischer Naturforscher [[:fr:Antoine Risso|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Roberts – [[Austin Roberts]] (1883–1948), südafrikanischer Ornithologe * Robineau-Desvoidy – [[André Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy]] (1799–1857), französischer Entomologe * Robinson – [[Harold Ernest Robinson]] (*1932), US-amerikanischer Entomologe und Botaniker * Robinson – [[Herbert Christopher Robinson]] (1874–1929), britischer Zoologe (Ornithologe) [[:en:Herbert Christopher Robinson|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Robson – [[Guy Coburn Robson]] (1888–1945), britischer Malakologe [[:en:Guy Coburn Robson|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Roewer – [[Carl Friedrich Roewer]] (1881-1963), deutscher Arachnologe * Rohwer – [[Sievert Allen Rohwer]] (1887–1951), US-amerikanischer Entmologe * Romer – [[Alfred Romer]] (1894–1973), US-amerikanischer Zoologe und Paläontologe * Romer, Römer – [[Johann Jakob Römer]] (1763-1819), Schweizer Naturforscher [[:fr:Johann Jakob Römer|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Rosenhauer – [[Wilhelm Gottlob Rosenhauer]] (1813–1881), deutscher Zoologe (Entomologe) * Rösel – [[August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof]] (1705-1759), deutscher Zoologe (Entomologe) * Rössel - [[F. Rössel]], Ichthyologe (publ. 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966) * Rossi - [[Pietro Rossi]] (1738–1804), italienischer Entomologe * Rossman – [[Douglas A. Rossman]] (*1936), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe [[:en:Douglas A. Rossman|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Rothschild – [[Lionel Walter Rothschild]] (1868–1937), britischer Zoologe (Ornithologe) * Rottemburg – [[S. A. von Rottemburg]] (18.&nbsp;Jahrhundert), deutscher Entomologe * Roule – [[Louis Roule]] (1861-1942), französischer Ichthyologe [[:fr:Louis Roule|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Rudolphi – [[Karl Asmund Rudolphi]] (1771-1832), deutsch-schwedischer Zoologe * Rumpler - [[Yves Rumpler]], französischer Mediziner und Primatologe, Mitarbeiter von Elwyn [[#S|S]]<nowiki>imons</nowiki> * Russell - [[Dale Alan Russell]] (*1937), US-amerikanischer Paläontologe (Wirbeltiere) * Russell - [[Frederick Stratten Russell]] (1897-1984), britischer Zoologe * Russell - [[Patrick Russell]] (1726-1805), britischer Herpetologe * Rüppell – [[Eduard Rüppell]] (1794–1884), deutscher Naturforscher * Ryder – [[John Adam Ryder]] (1852-1895), US-amerikanischer Zoologe == S == * Saalmüller, Saalm. – [[Maximus Saalmüller]] (1832–1890), entomologiae peritus Germanicus * Sagarra, Sag. – [[Ignatius de Sagarra y Castellarnau]] (1889–1939), entomologiae peritus Hispanicus * Saha – [[Sekhar Saha]], mammalogiae peritus/in (publ. 1981) * Salvadori – [[Thomas Salvadori]] (1835–1923), ornithologiae peritus Italianus [[:it:Tommaso Salvadori|Vicipaedia Italica]] * Salvin – [[Osbert Salvin]] (1835–1898), ornithologiae peritus Britannicus [[:en:Osbert Salvin|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Samouelle, Sam. – [[Georgius Samouelle]] (1785?–1846), entomologiae peritus Britannicus [[:en:George Samouelle|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Sanborn – [[Colin Campbell Sanborn]] (1897-1962), mammalogiae peritus Americanus * Satunin – [[Constantinus Satunin]] (1863–1915) (Константин Алексеевич Сатунин), zoologus Russicus * Savage – [[Jay Mathers Savage]] (*1928), herpetologiae peritus Americanus * Savage – [[Thomas Staughton Savage]] (1804-1880), zoologus Americanus * Savi – [[Caietanus Savi]] (1769-1844), naturae peritus Italianus * Savi – [[Paolus Savi]] (1798–1871), zoologus Italianus * Savory – [[Theodorus H. Savory]], arachnologiae peritus Britannicus * Say – [[Thomas Say]] (1787–1843), entomologiae et malacologiae peritus Americanus * Schawerda, Schaw. – [[Carolus Schawerda]] (1869–1945), medicus et entomologiae peritus Austraicus * Schiapelli – [[Rita Delia Schiapelli]], arachnologiae perita (publ. 1942) * Schiffermüller, Schiff. – [[Ignatius Schiffermüller]] (1727–1806), entomologiae peritus Austriacus * Schiner – [[Ignatius Rudolphus Schiner]] (1813–1873), entomologiae peritus Austriacus * Schinz – [[Henricus Rudolphus Schinz]] (1771–1861), zoologus Helveticus * Schiödte – [[Georgius Matthias Christianus Schiödte]] (1815–1884), naturae peritus Danicus * Schlegel – [[Arminius Schlegel]] (1804–1884), herpetologiae et ornithologiae peritus * Schmidt – [[Eduard Oscar Schmidt]] (1823-1886), deutscher Zoologe und Botaniker * G.E.W. Schmidt – [[Günter E. W. Schmidt]] (*1926), deutscher Arachnologe * Schmidt – [[H. Schmidt]], deutscher Ichthyologe (publ. 1930er) * Schmidt – [[Karl Patterson Schmidt]] (1890-1957), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe [[:en:Karl Patterson Schmidt|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Schmidt – [[Petrus Schmidt]] (Пётр Юльевич Шмидт, 1872-1949), sowjetischer Ichthyologe ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171841/http://biogeographers.dvo.ru/pages/0280.htm Web1][http://www.npacific.ru/np/library/encicl/25/0007.htm Web2]) * Schnabl – [[Johann Andreas Schnabl]] (1838–1912), deutscher Entomologe (Dipterologe) * Schneider – [[Johann Gottlob Schneider]] (1750–1822), deutscher Herpeto- und Ichthyologe * Schoepf(f) − [[Johann David Schoepf]] (1752–1800), deutscher Herpetologe und Botaniker * Schrammen – [[Anton Schrammen]] (1869–1953), deutscher Spongiologe [http://www.cretaceous.de/Anton_Schrammen.html web] * Schrank – [[Franz von Paula Schrank]] (1747–1835), deutscher Naturforscher * Schreber – [[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber]] (1739–1810), deutscher Naturforscher * Schren(c)k – [[Leopold von Schrenck]] (1824–1896), deutsch-russischer Zoologe * Schütt – [[Karin Schütt]], Berliner Arachnologin * Schulze – [[Franz Eilhard Schulze]] (1840-1921), deutscher Zoologe * Schwann – [[Harold Schwann]], Mammaloge, Mitarbeiter von [[Oldfield Thomas]] (publ. 1904, 1905, 1906) * Schwar(t)z – [[Ernst Schwarz (Zoologe)]] (1889-1961), deutscher Mammaloge * Schwarz – [[Eugen Amandus Schwarz]] (1844-1928), US-amerikanischer Entomologe * Sclater – [[Philip Lutley Sclater]] (1829–1913), britischer Zoologe (Ornithologe) * Sclater – [[William Lutley Sclater]] (1863-1944), britischer Ornithologe [[:en:William Lutley Sclater|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Scopoli, Scop. – [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]] (1723–1788), italo-österreichischer Arachnologe, Entomologe, Ornithologe und Botaniker * Scudder, Scudd. – [[Samuel Hubbard Scudder]] (1837–1911), US-amerikanischer Entomologe [[:en:Samuel Hubbard Scudder|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Seale – [[Alvin Seale]] (1871–1958), Ichthyologe, Schüler von [[David Starr Jordan]] * Seebohm – [[Henry Seebohm]] (1832–1895), britischer Ornithologe * Seeley – [[Harry Govier Seeley]] (1839-1909), britischer Paläontologe * Seitz – [[Adalbert Seitz]] (1860–1938), deutscher Arzt, Naturforscher, Entomologe * Selby – [[Prideaux John Selby]] (1788-1867), britischer Ornithologe und Botaniker * Sélys – [[Edmond de Sélys-Longchamps]] (1813–1900), belgischer Zoologe (Entomologe, Ornithologe) * Semenow – [[Andreas Semënov-Tjan-Šanskij]] (1866–1942), entomologus [[Russia|Russicus]] et [[URSS|Sovieticus]] * Semper, Semp. – [[Georg Semper]] (1837–1909), deutscher Entomologe * Seoane – [[Victor López Seoane y Pardo-Montenegro]] (1834-1900), spanischer Naturforscher [[:fr:Victor López Seoane y Pardo-Montenegro|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Serville – [[Jean Guillaume Audinet Serville]] (1775–1858), französischer Entomologe [[:fr:Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Severtzov – [[Nikolaus Severtzov]] (1827-1885), rerum naturae investigator [[Russia|Russicus]] * Shamel – [[Henry Harold Shamel]] (1885-1963), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge * Sharp – [[David Sharp]] (1840–1922), Entomologe (Dipterologe) * Sharpe – [[Richard Bowdler Sharpe]] (1847-1909), britischer Ornithologe * Shaw – [[George Shaw]] (1751–1813), britischer Zoologe und Botaniker * Sheljuzhko, Shelj. – [[Leo Sheljuzhko]] (1890–1969), russischer Entomologe * Shortridge – [[Guy Chester Shortridge]] (1880–1949), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge * Shuckard – [[William Edward Shuckard]] (1803–1868), britischer Entomologe * Sick – [[Helmut Sick]] (1910 - 1991), deutsch-brasilianischer Ornithologe * Siebold, Sieb. – [[Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold]] (1804–1885), deutscher Zoologe * Siebold – [[Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold]] (1796-1866), deutscher Mediziner und Naturforscher * Signoret – [[Victor Antoine Signoret]] (1816–1889), französischer Entomologe ([[:en:Victor Antoine Signoret|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Simon – [[Eugène Simon]] (1848–1924), französischer Arachnologe * Simons – [[Elwyn Simons]], Mammaloge (Primaten, publ. 1965, 1989) * Simpson – [[Charles Torrey Simpson]] (1826-1932), amerikanischer Botaniker und Malakologe * Simpson – [[George Gaylord Simpson]] (1902-1984), US-amerikanischer Paläontologe * Skuse – [[Frederick Askew Skuse]] (1864-1896), britischer Entomologe * Slevin – [[Joseph Richard Slevin]] (1881-1957), Herpetologe (Reptilien) * Smith – [[Andrew Smith]] (1797–1872), britischer Zoologe * Smith – [[Charles Hamilton Smith]] (1776-1859), britischer Naturforscher und Illustrator * E. Smith – [[Edgar Albert Smith]] (1847-1916), britischer Malakologe [[:en:Edgar Albert Smith|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * F. Smith – [[Frederick Smith]] (1805–1879), britischer Zoologe * Smith – [[Herbert Huntington Smith]] (1851-1919), US-amerikanischer Naturforscher * Smith – [[Hobart Muir Smith]] (*1912), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe ([[:en:Hobart_M._Smith|Vicipaedia Anglica]]) * Smith – [[Hugh McCormick Smith]] (1865-1941), US-amerikanischer Ichthyologe, reiste mit [[Lewis Radcliffe]] * J.L.B. Smith – [[James Leonard Brierley Smith]] (1897-1968), südafrikanischer Ichthyologe [[:en:James Leonard Brierley Smith|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * M.A. Smith – [[Malcolm Arthur Smith]] (1875-1958), britischer Herpetologe [[:en:Malcolm Arthur Smith|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Smith – [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann]] (1858-1947), US-amerikanische Ichthyologin * S.I. Smith – [[Sidney Irving Smith]] (1843-1926), US-amerikanischer Crustaceologe [[:en:Sidney Irving Smith|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Smith – [[Philip W. Smith]] (1921-86), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe * W.L. Smith – [[W. Leo Smith]] <small>(Neuzugang aus en:)</small> * Smitt – [[Fredrik Adam Smitt]] (1839-1904), schwedischer Zoologe (Ichthyologe) [[:fr:Fredrik Adam Smitt|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Smuts – [[Johannes Smuts]] (Jan Smuts) (1775-1834), südafrikanischer Mammaloge * Snellen von Vollenhoven – [[Samuel Constantinus Snellen von Vollenhoven]] (1816–1880), niederländischer Entomologe * Snow – [[William Appleton Snow]] (1869-1899), nordamerikanischer Entomologe * Sody – [[Henri Jacob Victor Sody]] (1892–1959), niederländischer Mammaloge * Sollas – [[William Johnson Sollas]] (1849-1936), britischer Geologe und Paläontologe [[:en:William Johnson Sollas|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Solier – [[Antoine Joseph Jean Solier]] (1792–1851), Entomologe (Coleopterologe) * Soparkar – [[Manmohandas Soparkar]] (1884–1952), indischer Mediziner und Parasitologe * Sowerby I – [[Georgius Brettingham Sowerby I]] (1788-1854), britischer Malakologe * Sowerby II – [[Georgius Brettingham Sowerby II]] (1812-1884), britischer Naturforscher (Malakologe) * Sowerby III – [[Georgius Brettingham Sowerby III]] (1843-1921), britischer Malakologe * Sowerby – [[Iacobus Sowerby]] (1757–1822), britischer Naturforscher * Sowerby J de C - [[Iacobus De Carle Sowerby]] (1787-1871), britisher Naturforscher * Spallanzani – [[Lazzaro Spallanzani]] (1729–1799), italienischer Biologe * Sparrman – [[Anders Sparrman]] (1748–1820), schwedischer Naturforscher und Ornithologe * Spencer – [[Baldwin Spencer]] (1860–1929), britischer Naturforscher * Spengel – [[Johann Wilhelm Spengel]] (1852-1921), deutscher Helminthologe (posthume Publ. 1932) * Spinola – [[Maximilian Spinola]] (1780–1857), französischer Entomologe * Spix – [[Johann Baptist von Spix]] (1781–1826), deutscher Zoologe * Springer – [[Stewart Springer]] (1906-1991), US-amerikanischer Ichthyologe * Stahnke – [[Herbert Stahnke]] (1902-198?), deutscher Arachnologe * Stainton, Stt. – [[Henry Tibbats Stainton]] (1822–1892), britischer Entomologe [[:en:Henry Tibbats Stainton|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Stål – [[Carl Stål]] (1833–1878), schwedischer Entomologe * Statius Müller – [[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller]] (1725–1776), deutscher Zoologe * Staudinger, Stgr. – [[Otto Staudinger]] (1830–1900), deutscher Entomologe * Steere – [[Joseph Beal Steere]] (1842–1940), amerikanischer Ornithologe [[:en:Joseph Beal Steere|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Steenstrup – [[Japetus Steenstrup]] (1813-1897), dänischer Zoologe * Stein – [[Johann Philip Emil Friedrich Stein]] (1816–1882), tschechischer Entomologe * Steindachner – [[Franz Steindachner]] (1834–1919), österreichischer Ichthyologe * Stejneger – [[Leonhard Hess Stejneger]] (1851–1943), amerikanisch-norwegischer Zoologe [[:en:Leonhard Hess Stejneger|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Stephens – [[James Francis Stephens]] (1792–1852) britischer Zoologe (Entomologe) [[:en:James Francis Stephens|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Stichel, Stich. – [[Hans Ferdinand Emil Julius Stichel]] (1863–1936), deutscher Entomologe * Stirling – [[Edward Charles Stirling]] (1848–1919), australischer Naturforscher * Storr – [[Glen Milton Storr]] (*1921), australischer Herpetologe * Storr – [[Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr]] (1749–1821), deutscher Naturforscher [[:en:Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Strand, Strd. – [[Embrik Strand]] (1876–1953), norwegischer Entomologe und Arachnologe * Strecker, Streck. – [[Hermann Strecker]] (1836–1901), US-amerikanischer Entomologe * Strickland – [[Hugh Edwin Strickland]] (1811–1853), britischer Ornithologe * Stritt – [[Walter Stritt]] (1892–1975), deutscher Entomologe * Ström – [[Hans Strøm]] (1726–1797), norwegischer Naturforscher * Stromer – [[Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach]] (1871–1952), deutscher Paläontologe * Sturm – [[Jacob Sturm (Kupferstecher)]] (1771-1848), deutscher Entomologe * Sulzer – [[Johann Heinrich Sulzer]] (1735–1813), Schweizer Entomologe * Sundevall [[Carl Jakob Sundevall]] (1801–1875), schwedischer Zoologe * Swainson – [[William Swainson]] (1789–1855), britischer Ornithologe und Illustrator * Swinhoe, Swinh. – [[Charles Swinhoe]] (1836–1923), britischer Entomologe und Ornithologe * Swinhoe – [[Robert Swinhoe]] (1836–1877), britischer Naturforscher (Ornithologe) * Sykes – [[William Henry Sykes]] (1790–1872), britischer Ichthyologe und Ornithologe [[:en:William Henry Sykes|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Szalay – [[Frederick S. Szalay]], Mammaloge (publ. 1982) == T == * Taczanowski – [[Władysław Taczanowski (Zoologe)]] (1819–1890), polnischer Zoologe (Arachnologe, Ornithologe) * Talbot – [[Georgius Talbot]] (1882–1952), britischer Entomologe (Lepidopterologe) * Talbot – [[Mignon Talbot]] (1869-1950), US-amerikanische Paläontologin [[:en:Mignon Talbot|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Tanner – [[Vasco M. Tanner]] (*29.10.1892), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge, Bruder von Wilmer Webster Tanner * Tanner – [[Wilmer Webster Tanner]] (*1909), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe, Bruder von Vasco M. Tanner * Taschenberg – [[Ernestus Ludovicus Taschenberg]] (1818–1898), deutscher Entomologe * Tate – [[Georgius Henricus Hamilton Tate]] (1894–1953), anglo-amerikanischer Mammaloge [[:en:George Henry Hamilton Tate|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * W. M. Tattersall – [[Gualterius Medley Tattersall]] (1882–1948), britischer Crustaceologe [[:en:Walter Medley Tattersall|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Taylor – [[Eduardus Harrison Taylor]] (1889–1978), US-amerikanischer Herpetologe et Ichthyologe [[:en:Edward Harrison Taylor|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Taylor – [[Leighton R. Taylor]] (?), US-amerikanischer Malakologe (und Ichthyologe [Haie]? Oder jun. und sen.?) * Taylor – [[Gulielmus Radulphus Taylor]] (1919-2004), US-amerikanischer Ichthyologe * Temminck – [[Conradus Iacobus Temminck]] (1778–1858) niederländischer Zoologe (Ornithologe) * Templeton – [[Robertus Templeton]] (1802–1892), irischer Zoologe [[:en:Robert Templeton|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Tengström – [[Ioannes Martinus Jakob af Tengström]] (1821–1890), schwedischer Entomologe * Theischinger – [[Guntherius Theischinger]] (*1940), australischer Entomologe * Thiele – [[Ioannes Thiele]] (1860–1935), deutscher Malakologe * Thienemann – [[Augustus Friedrich Thienemann]] (1882–1960), deutscher Limnologe * Thienemann – [[Ioannes Thienemann]] (1863-1938), deutscher Ornithologe * Thienemann – [[Ludovicus Thienemann]] (1793-1858), deutscher Naturforscher * Thomas – [[Oldfield Thomas]] (1858–1929), britischer Zoologe * Thompson – [[Maximilianus C. Thompson]] (*?), US-amerikanischer Ornithologe * Thompson – [[Fredericus G. Thompson]], Malakologe und Herpetologe (dersebe?) (publ. 1957, 1959, 1982, 1991, 1995, 2001) * Thomson – [[Arthurus Landsborough Thomson]] (1890-1977), schottischer Ornithologe * Thomson – [[Carolus Gustavus Thomson]] (1824–1899), schwedischer Entomologe * Thomson – [[Carolus Wyville Thomson]] (1830-1882), britischer Naturforscher * Thomson – [[F. Christian Thompson]] (*?), US-amerikanischer Entomologe * Thomson – [[Thomas Ricardus Heywood Thomson]] (1813-1876), britischer Mediziner und Naturforscher * Thorell – [[Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell]] (1830-1901), schwedischer Arachnologe * Thulin – [[Gustavus Thulin]] (1889–1945), schwedischer Zoologe (Bärtierchen) * Thunberg – [[Carolus Petrus Thunberg]] (1743–1828), schwedischer Naturforscher * Tiedemann – [[Fredericus Tiedemann]] (1781–1861), deutscher Mediziner, Anthropo- und Mammaloge * Tilesius – [[Gulielmus Amadeus Tilesius von Tilenau]] (1769–1857), deutscher Naturforscher * Tillyard – [[Robertinus Ioannes Tillyard]] (1881–1937), australischer Entomologe * Tischbein – [[Petrus Fridericus Ludovicus Tischbein]] (1813–1883), entomologiae peritus Germanicus * Toll – [[Sergius Toll]] (1893–1961), polnischer Entomologe * Tomes – [[Robertus Fisher Tomes]] (1823-1904), englischer Mammaloge (Fledertiere) und Ornithologe [[:en:Robert Fisher Tomes|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Tomiyama – [[Itiro Tomiyama]] (冨山一郎 ''Tomiyama Ichirō''), japanischer Ichthyologe († nicht vor 1966) * Tonni – [[Eduardus P. Tonni]], Paläornithologe (publ. 1980) * Topsent – [[Emilius Topsent]] (1862-1951), französischer Spongiologe * Tornier – [[Gustavus Tornier]] (1859-1938), deutscher Zoologe und Paläontologe * Townsend – [[Carolus Haskins Townsend]] (1859-1944), US-amerikanischer Ichthyologe * Townsend – [[Carolus Henry Tyler Townsend]] (1863-1944), US-amerikanischer Entomologe * Townsend – [[Ioannes Kirk Townsend]] (1809–1851), amerikanischer Naturforscher (Ornithologe) [[:en:John Kirk Townsend|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Toxopeus – [[Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus]] (1894–1951), niederländischer Entomologe * Traill – [[Thomas Stewart Traill]] (1781–1862), britischer Ornithologe [[:en:Thomas Stewart Traill|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Treitschke, Tr. – [[Fredericus Treitschke]] (1776–1842), deutscher Theaterdichter und Entomologe * Trimen, Trim. – [[Rolandus Trimen]] (1840–1916), britisch-südafrikanischer Naturforscher (Entomologe) * Tristram – [[Henricus Baker Tristram]] (1822–1906), britischer Naturforscher (Ornithologe) * Trouessart – [[Eduardus Ludovicus Trouessart]] (1842–1927), französischer Zoologe (Arachnologe) * Troughton – [[Ellis Troughton]] (1893–1974), australischer Mammaloge * Trti. siehe Turati * True – [[Fredericus Gulielmus True]] (1858–1914), US-amerikanischer Mammaloge [[:en:Frederick W. True|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Trybom – [[Philippus Trybom]] (1850–1913), schwedischer Zoologe * Tschudi – [[Ioannes Iacobus von Tschudi]] (1818–1889), Schweizer Zoologe * Turati, Trti. – [[Emilius Turati]] (1858–1938), italienischer Entomologe * Turner – [[Alfredus Jefferis Turner]] (1861–1947), australischer Lepidopterologe * Turton – [[Gulielmus Turton]] (1762–1835), britischer Naturforscher (Malakologe) * Tunstall – [[Marmaduke Tunstall]] (1743–1790), englischer Ornithologe * Tutt – [[Iacobus Gulielmus Tutt]] (1858–1911), britischer Lehrer und Entomologe [[:en:J. W. Tutt|Vicipaedia Anglica]] == U == * Ubaldo-Pagayon – [[Adela Ubaldo-Pagayon]], entomologiae perita Philippina (Dipterologin, publ. 1952) * Uchida – [[Tarō Uchida]] (内田太郎, ''Uchida Tarō'') entomologiae peritus Iaponicus (Dipterologe, publ. 1995) * Uchida – [[Tōru Uchida]] (内田亨, ''Uchida Tōru,'' 1897-1981) zoologus Iaponicus (Coelenteraten) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060912001300/http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/Hexacoral/Anemone2/authordetail.cfm?authorid=310 beschr. Arten] * Udaka – [[Midori Udaka]] (宇高翠子 ''Udaka Midori'') entomologiae perita Iaponica (Dipterologin, publ. 1959) * Uddman – [[Isaac Uddman]] (1731–1781) entomologiae peritus (Dipterologia) * Ueda – [[Hiroaki Ueda]] (上田博晤, ''Ueda Hiroaki'', †1997) herpetologiae peritus Iaponicus [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001021354/http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/forum/29-5/tuitou1.html ウェブ] * Ueda – [[Susumu Ueda]] entomologiae peritus Iaponicus /in (Dipterologe/in, publ. 1960) * Uemoto – [[Kiichi Uemoto]] entomologiae peritus Iaponicus /in (Dipterologe/in) * Ueno – [[Ryuhei Ueno]] (上野隆平, ''Ueno Ryūhei'') entomologiae peritus Iaponicus * Uhler - [[Philip Reese Uhler]] (1835-1913) US-amerikanischer Entomologe * Ulomskii – [[S. N. Ulomskii]] - Entomologe (Dipterologe, publ. 1965) * Ulrich – [[Hans Ulrich (Biologe)]] (*1934) deutscher Entomologe (Dipterologe) * Underwood – [[Benjamin A. Underwood]] US-amerikanischer Entomologe * Underwood – [[William Lyman Underwood]] (1864–1929) Entomologe (Dipterologe) * Unti – [[Ovidio Unti]], Entomologe (Dipterologe, publ. 1940, 1941, 1945) * Urbain – [[Achille Urbain]] (1884–1957) französischer Biologe [[:en:Achille Urbain|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Usher – [[Pamela Jean Usher]] (= Mrs. B.R. Stuckenberg), Entomologin (Dipterologin) * Ussachov – [[Dmitriy Anatolievich Ussachov]], Entomologe (Dipterologe) * Ussova – [[Zinaida Vasil'evna Usova]] (Зинаида Васильевна Усова) (*ca. 1926), sowjetische Entomologin (Dipterologin) * Utmar – [[Joyce A. Utmar]], indische(?) Entomologin (publ. 1976) == V == * Vaillant – [[Leo Vaillant]] (1834–1914), zoologus Francicus (herpetologiae et ichthyologiae peritus) * Valenciennes – [[Achilles Valenciennes]] (1794–1865) zoologus Francus * van Ben. siehe [[#B|Beneden]] * Van Denburgh – [[Ioannes Van Denburgh]] (1872–1924) herpetologiae peritus * Vander Linden – [[Petrus Leonardus Vander Linden]] (1797–1831) entomologiae peritus Belgicus * Van Valen – [[Leigh Van Valen]] (*1935) biologus et palaeontologiae peritus Americanus * Veron – [[Ioannes Eduardus Norwood Veron]] biologus marinus Australianus * Verreaux – [[Eduardus Verreaux]] (1810-1868) naturae peritus Francus (vide [[:fr:Édouard Verreaux|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Verreaux – [[Iulius Verreaux]] (1807–1873) ornithologiae peritus et botanicus Francicus[[:fr:Jules Verreaux|Vicipaedia Francogallica]] * Verrill – [[Addison Emery Verrill]] (1839–1926) zoologus Americanus (vide [[:en:Addison Emery Verrill|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Vieillot – [[Ludovicus Ioannes Petrus Vieillot]] (1748–1831) ornithologiae peritus Francus * Vigors – [[Nicolaus Aylward Vigors]] (1785–1840) zoologus Hibernus * Villers – [[Carolus Iosephus de Villers]] (1726–1797) coleopterologiae peritus (vide [[:fr:Charles Joseph de Villers|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Von Ihering – [[Arminius de Ihering]] (1850–1930) zoologus et palaeontologiae peritus Germano-Brasiliensis * Voigt – [[Fridericus Sigmundus Voigt]] (1781-1850) zoologus et botanicus Germanicus * Voss – [[Robertus Voss]] mammalogiae peritus Americanus == W == * Waga – [[Antonius Stanislaus Waga]] (1799-1890) entomologsu Polonus * Wagl., Wagler – [[Iohannes Georgius Wagler]] (1800–1832) herpetologus atque ornithologus Germanus * Wagner – [[Iohannes Andreas Wagner]] (1797–1861) zoologus Germanus * Wagner – [[Vladimirus Alexandrowitch Wagner]] (1849-1934) arachnologus Russus * Walbaum – [[Iohannes Iulius Walbaum]] (1724–1799) ichthyologus Germanus * Walch – [[Iohannes Ernestus Emmanuel Walch]] (1725–1778) naturalista Germanus * Walck., Walckenaer – [[Carolus Athanasius Walckenaer]] (1771–1852) entomologus Francus * A. Walker – [[Alick Donaldus Walker]] (1925–1999) palaeontologus Britannus (vide [[:fr:Alick Donald Walker|Vicipaediam Francogallica]]m) * Walker – [[Carolus F. Walker]] (1904 - 1979) herpetologus Americanus * Walker – Sir [[Edmundus Murton Walker]] (1877–1969) entomologus Canadensis * F. Walker – [[Franciscus Walker]] (1809–1874) entomologus Britannus (vide [[:en:Francis Walker (entomologist)|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Wallace – [[Alfredus Russel Wallace]] (1823–1913) praeclarior Wallace * Wallace – [[Howard Kiefer Wallace]] (1907- ) arachnologus Americanus[http://ebeltz.net/herps/biogappx.html#W web] * Walsh – [[Beniaminus Danus Walsh]] (1808–1869) entomologus Americanus (vide [[:en:Benjamin Dann Walsh|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Walsh – [[Iohannes Walsh]] (1725-1795) zoologus Britannus * Waltl – [[Iosephus Waltl]] (1805–1888) zoologe Germanus (vide [[:en:Joseph Waltl|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Waterh., Waterhouse – [[Georgius Robertus Waterhouse]] (1801–1888) zoologus Britannus * C. O. Waterhouse – [[Carolus Auduenus Waterhouse]] (1843–1917) zoologus Britannus (filius superioris G. R. Waterhouse) * Weber – [[Hermannus Weber (zoologus)|Hermannus Weber]] (1901–1956) zoologus Germanus * Westwood – [[Iohannes Obadiah Westwood]] (1805–1893) entomologus Britannus (vide [[:en:John Obadiah Westwood|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Wetmore – [[Alexander Wetmore]] (1886–1978) ornithologus Americanus (vide [[:en:Alexander Wetmore|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Wied-Neuwied, Prinz Neuw., Princip. Neuwied, Neuw. – [[Maximilianus zu Wied-Neuwied]] (1782–1867) naturalista Germanus * Wiedm., Wiedemann – [[Christianus Rudolphus Guilelmus Wiedemann]] (1770–1840) zoologus Germanus (praesertim entomologus) * Wiegm., Wiegmann – [[Arend Fridericus Augustus Wiegmann]] (1802–1841) zoologus Crostaceorum Germanus (vide [[:en:Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Williams – [[Ernestus Eduardus Williams]] (1914–1998) zoologus Vertebratorum Americanus * Williams – [[Franciscus Xaverius Williams]] (1882-1967) entomologus Americanus * Williams – [[Iacobus David Williams]] (*1941) ichthyologus Americanus * Williston – [[Samuel Wendell Williston]] (1851–1918) entomologus Americanus (vide [[:en:Samuel Wendell Williston|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Wils., Wilson – [[Alexander Wilson]] (1766–1813) ornithologe et illustrator Americanus * Wilson – [[Eduard Osborne Wilson]] (*1929) entomologus Americanus * Wilson – [[Godefridus Wilson|Godefridus A. Wilson]] palaeontologus Americanus [[:en:Jeffrey A. Wilson|Vicipaedia Anglica]] * Wilson – [[Thomas Bellerby Wilson]] (1807-1865) ornithologus Americanus * Winge – [[Herluf Winge]] (1857–1923) zoologus Danus * Witherby – [[Henricus Witherby]] (1873-1943) ornithologus Britannus (vide [[:en:Henry Witherby|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Wolf – [[Iohannes Wolf]] (1765–1824) ornithologus Germanus * Wolf – [[Iosephus Wolf]] (1820-1899) ornithologus et illustrator Germanus * Wolf – [[Nathanael Matthaeus de Wolf]] (1724-1784) naturalista Germanus * Woll., Wollaston – [[Thomas Vernon Wollaston]] (1822-1878) entomologus ac malacologus Britannus * Woodhouse – [[Samuel Washington Woodhouse]] (1821–1904) ornithologus Americanus (vide [[:en:Samuel Washington Woodhouse|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Wood-Mason – [[Iacobus Wood-Mason]] (1846–1893) entomologus Britannus (vide [[:en:James Wood-Mason|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Wroughton – [[Robertus Carolus Wroughton]] (1849–1921) nauturalista (vide [[:en:Robert Charles Wroughton|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Wyman – [[Godefridus Wyman]] (1814-1874) zoologus Americanus == X == * Xantus – [[Ioannes Xantus de Vesey]] (1825–1894) == Y == == Z == * Zaddach – [[Ernestus Gustavus Zaddach]] (1817–1881) entomologiae peritus Germanus * Zeller – [[Philippus Christophorus Zeller]] (1808–1883) entomologiae peritus * Zetterstedt – [[Ioannes Gulielmus Zetterstedt]] (1785–1874) entomologiae peritus Suecus (vide [[:en:Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt|Vicipaediam Anglica]]m) * Zimmermann – [[Elwood Curtin Zimmerman]] (1912–2004) entomologiae peritus Americanus * Zimmermann – [[Eberhardus Augustus Gulielmus de Zimmermann]] (1743–1815) zoologus Germanus * Zincken – [[Ioannes Leopoldus Theodorus Fridericus Zincken]] (1770–1856) entomologiae peritus * Zirngiebl – [[Lotharius Zirngiebl]] (1902–1973) entomologiae peritus Germanus * Zittel – [[Carolus Alfredus de Zittel]] (1839–1904) palaeontologiae peritus Germanus {{NexInt}} * [[Binomen]] * [[Nomina abbreviata botanistarum et mycologorum]] == Nexus externi == {{Vicispecies|Catalog:Taxon Authorities|Auctoritates taxonomici}} * [http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/dipterists/worlddipt.html "World Diptera Systematists" pagina interretialis] * [http://www.libelleninfo.de/073.html Libellen] * [http://www.zoonomen.net/bio/ind.html Zoonomen] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070606181534/http://www.clt.astate.edu/aromero/new_page_3.htm ''Biographical Dictionary of Hypogean Fish Researchers'' apud www.clt.astate.edu] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050210180825/http://natuurcijfers.nl/namen/auteursnamen.htm ''Auteursnamen'' apud www.natuurcijfers.nl] [[Categoria:Zoologi|!]] [[Categoria:Indices eruditorum|Zoologi]] cklu4lz2h8yg92q82rzo72yix4urr0j 0 32546 3986879 3828569 2026-09-09T14:09:03Z Asorev 166785 3986879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Michael Sergii filius Gorbačëv''' ([[Russice]] Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, ''Michail Sergeevič Gorbačёv''; natus die [[2 Martii]] [[1931]]; mortuus [[Moscua]]e die [[30 Augusti]] [[2022]]) fuit [[politicus]] [[URSS|Sovieticus]] et [[Russia|Russicus]]. A die [[1 Octobris]] [[1988]] primus et ultimus [[URSS|Unionis Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum]] [[praeses]] fuit, quod [[officium|munus]] a die [[15 Martii]] [[1990]] ad diem [[25 Decembris]] [[1991]] sustinuit. [[Fasciculus:Mikhail Gorbachev 1987.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|Michaël Gorbačёv anno 1987 pictus.]] E [[familia]] [[agricola]]rum, patre [[Russi|Russo]] matreque [[Ucraini|Ucraina]], in pago Privol'noe, nunc [[territorium Stauropolitanum|territorii Stauropolitani]], ortus est. Alumnus fuit [[universitas Publica Moscuensis|universitatis publicae Moscuensis]]. Factus est ultimus Comitatus Centralis [[Factio Communistica Unionis Sovieticae|Factionis Communistae]] [[secretarius generalis]], quod munus ab anno [[1985]] ad annum [[1991]] sustinuit. [[Glasnost]] et [[perestroika]] eius consilia finem [[Bellum Frigidum|Bello Frigido]] posuisse putantur. Ipse Unionem Sovieticam mutandam esse in iuris rem publicam<!--?--> putabat. Ob eam rem affirmabat omnes structuras Stalinistas delendas et diffundendam verbi libertatem esse voluntate Rei Publicae. Etiam amovere gradatim normas imperiosas in [[oeconomia]] coepit. Anno [[1990]] Gorbačёv [[Praemium Nobelianum|Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]] accepit. Die [[19 Augusti]] [[1991]] factionis communistae pars novas res comabatur, quae erraverunt, relinquentes tamen imperium in Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Praesidium manibus, qui Unionem Sovieticam die [[26 Decembris]] [[1991]] solverunt. == Secretarius generalis == [[Fasciculus:The Soviet Union 1988 CPA 5942 stamp (Perestroika (reformation). Worker. Industries and agriculture).jpg|thumb|left|[[Perestroika|Perestroica]] meta politicae Sovieticae ab anno 1985.]] Mense Martio [[1985]], [[Constantinus Černenko]] mortuus est. [[Andreas Gromyko]], prius praeses Praesidii Concilii Supremi Unionis Sovieticae, Gorbačëvum proximum secretarium generalem electurum esse proposuit, quod ab [[Officium Politicum Factionis Communisticae Unionis Sovieticae|officio politico]] approbatum est. Iam ab initio Gorbačëv generibus gubernandi videbatur ab omnibus prioribus gubernatoribus sovieticis distingui. Ita mox animadvertebatur, ut collocutus cum [[civis|civibus]] in [[via]], imagines sui diebus festis ineunte vetuerit, [[uxor]]em suam, [[Raisa Gorbačëva|Raisam Gorbačëvam]], quasi [[domina prima|dominam primam]] consuluerit. Duobus annis primis sua prima intentio fuit [[acceleratio (perestroica)|acceleratio]] (Russice ускорение, ''uskorenie''), quae ad accelerationem crescentiae [[oeconomia|oeconomicae]], socialis, et politicae spectabat. [[Calamitas Czernobelensis|Calamitate Czernobelensi]] annis [[1986]] et falsa [[informatio]]ne{{dubsig}} Gorbačëv infirmitates [[grapheocratia]]e magnas visit. [[Vocabulum]] [[simplicitas (perestroica)|simplicitatis]] (Russice ''гласность'', ''glasnost'') excogitavit.<!--?--> [[Fasciculus:Reagan and Gorbachev hold discussions.jpg|thumb|Gorbačëv (dextra) et [[Ronaldus Reagan]] colloquuntur.]] Tum [[periculum]] [[bellum atomicum|belli atomici]] aestimatur. Post consilia cum [[Ronaldus Reagan|Ronaldo Reagan]] (1911–2004), [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|Praeside Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]], ambo politici die [[8 Decembris]] [[1987]] [[tractatus de viribus nuclearibus coniectuum intermediorum|tractatum de viribus nuclearibus coniectuum intermediorum]] subscripserunt. Ergo usque ad annum [[1991]] plus quam 2600 [[missile|missilia]] innoxia facta sunt. Annis proximis relaxatio{{dubsig}} nota est: [[diurnarius|diurnarii]] quaestiones sociales aperte narrabant, [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa Russica|Ecclesiae Orthodoxae Russicae]] attentio concedebatur, [[organizatio]]nes non pendentes{{dubsig}} apparebant. Etiam ad id tempus celata [[Caedes Katyni]] appellata est. Gorbačëv annis proximis in difficultates incurrebat, cum anno [[1987]] [[Tatari Crimenses]] redditum suum in Crimeam poposcerunt, ut postea [[Armenii]] et [[Atropateni]] velut [[Georgiani]] iura sua. == Familia == [[Raisa Gorbačëva]] [[uxor]] die [[20 Septembris]] [[1999]] mortua est. == Bibliographia == * [[Paulus Palažčenko|Palazchenko, Pavel]]. [[1997]]. ''My Years with Gorbachev and Shevardnadze: the memoir of a Soviet interpreter.'' College Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-01603-5. * Steele, Jonathan. [[1994]]. ''Eternal Russia: Yeltsin, Gorbachev and the mirage of democracy.'' Londinii: Faber. * Steele, Jonathan. [[2022]]. "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/30/mikhail-gorbachev-obituary Mikhail Gorbachev obituary.]" ''[[The Guardian]],'' 31 Augusti 2022. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Mikhail Gorbachev|Michaelem Sergii filium Gorbačëv}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1990/ De Michaele Gorbačëv] in pagina Nobeliano Pacis Praemio dicata. {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100407121344/http://www.yleradio1.fi/nuntii/id24163.shtml T. Pekkanen, ''Gorbatshov regimen Russiae accusavit.'' (Nuntii Latini)] {{Factionis Communisticae Unionis Sovieticae duces}} {{Lifetime|1931|2022|Gorbačëv, Michael}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Moscuensis]] [[Categoria:Atheistae]] [[Categoria:Duces civitatum]] [[Categoria:Michael Gorbačëv|!]] [[Categoria:Incolae Moscuae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Unionis Sovieticae]] [[Categoria:Politici Russiae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]] [[Categoria:Socialistae Russiae]] {{Myrias|Homines}} 3m7t0gwhr2tjbzpl0okxfnr5icpnoxe 0 36848 3986944 3986715 2026-09-09T18:35:11Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De priscis testimoniis */ 3986944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas}} '''Saxones''' ([[Graece]] Σάξονες) fuerunt gens [[Europa]]ea, quae litora [[Germania]]e incolebant [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Claudio Ptolemaeo]] teste. Nomen Saxonum a ''[[scramsaxus|seax]]'' verbo [[linguae Germanicae|Germanico]] nascitur. [[saeculum 5|Saeculo]] [[saeculum 5|quinto]], Saxones cum [[Angli]]s in [[Britannia Maior|Britanniam]] a [[Imperium Romanum|Romanis]] desertam proficisci coeperunt. Tunc Saxones continuo bellum gesserunt cum Britannis ab [[Arturius Rex|Arturio rege]] ductis. Ibi regna creaverunt septem, quae [[Heptarchia Saxonica]] appellatur. [[Fasciculus:Three states called Saxony.png|thumb|Terrae Saxonicae in [[Germania]] aetatis nostrae.]] Hodie regio in [[Germania]] sita [[Saxonia]] vocata est. Nomen autem Saxonum regiones in Britannia ad Austrum vergentes cum regionibus Germanicis coniungit: confer enim, quae regiones ipsorum lingua ''Wessex'' velut Saxonia occidentalis, ''Sussex'' velut Saxonia australis, ''Essex velut'' Saxonia orientalis, ''Niedersachsen'' velut [[Saxonia Inferior]], ''Sachsen-Anhalt'' velut [[Saxonia-Anhaltinum]], ''Sachsen'' denique velut [[Saxonia]] ipsa appellantur. Qua de re apparet, quam longe olim lateque gens illa sedes suas propagaverit. == De priscis testimoniis == Inter antiquissima testimonia de Saxonibus habemus epistolam<ref>VIII.6.13sqq. Cf etiam ibidem VIII.9.5.21-27.</ref> [[Sidonius Apollinaris|Sidonii Apollinaris]] ita gentem secunda parte quinti saeculi describentem: </blockquote>...''Saxonum pandos myoparones, quorum quot remiges videris, totidem te cernere putes archipiratas; ita simul omnes imperant, parent, docent, discunt latrocinari''...''Hostis est omni hoste truculentior. Improvisus aggreditur, praevisus elabitur, spernit objectos, sternit incautos. Si sequatur, intercipit; si fugiat, evadit. Ad hoc exercent illos naufragia, non terrent. Est eis quaedam cum discriminibus pelagi non notitia solum, sed familiaritas. Nam quoniam ipsa, si qua tempestas est, hinc securos efficit occupandos, hinc prospici vetat occupaturos, in medio fluctuum scopulorumque confragosorum, spe superventus laeti periclitantur ... mos est remeaturis decimum quemque captivorum per aquales et cruciarias poenas, plus ob hoc tristi, quod superstitioso ritu, necare; superque collectam turbam periturorum mortis iniquitatem sortis aequitate dispergere. Talibus se ligant [[Votum|votis]], victimis solvunt; et per hujusmodi non tam sacrificia purgati, quam sacrilegia polluti, religiosum putant caedis infaustae perpetratores de capite captivo magis exigere tormenta quam pretia''</blockquote>. Mores barbarissimos igitur, si Sidonio credimus, observabant. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Migrationes populorum et gentium]] * [[lingua Saxonica]] {{gens-stipula}} [[Categoria:Germani]] [[Categoria:Gentes Europae]] [[Categoria:Saxones|!]] {{Myrias|Historia}} l4aw1ngr2ddp902ehu801pknqwyu389 3986945 3986944 2026-09-09T18:36:29Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De priscis testimoniis */ 3986945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas}} '''Saxones''' ([[Graece]] Σάξονες) fuerunt gens [[Europa]]ea, quae litora [[Germania]]e incolebant [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Claudio Ptolemaeo]] teste. Nomen Saxonum a ''[[scramsaxus|seax]]'' verbo [[linguae Germanicae|Germanico]] nascitur. [[saeculum 5|Saeculo]] [[saeculum 5|quinto]], Saxones cum [[Angli]]s in [[Britannia Maior|Britanniam]] a [[Imperium Romanum|Romanis]] desertam proficisci coeperunt. Tunc Saxones continuo bellum gesserunt cum Britannis ab [[Arturius Rex|Arturio rege]] ductis. Ibi regna creaverunt septem, quae [[Heptarchia Saxonica]] appellatur. [[Fasciculus:Three states called Saxony.png|thumb|Terrae Saxonicae in [[Germania]] aetatis nostrae.]] Hodie regio in [[Germania]] sita [[Saxonia]] vocata est. Nomen autem Saxonum regiones in Britannia ad Austrum vergentes cum regionibus Germanicis coniungit: confer enim, quae regiones ipsorum lingua ''Wessex'' velut Saxonia occidentalis, ''Sussex'' velut Saxonia australis, ''Essex velut'' Saxonia orientalis, ''Niedersachsen'' velut [[Saxonia Inferior]], ''Sachsen-Anhalt'' velut [[Saxonia-Anhaltinum]], ''Sachsen'' denique velut [[Saxonia]] ipsa appellantur. Qua de re apparet, quam longe olim lateque gens illa sedes suas propagaverit. == De priscis testimoniis == Inter antiquissima testimonia de Saxonibus habemus epistolam<ref>VIII.6.13sqq. Cf etiam ibidem VIII.9.5.21-27 de coma.</ref> [[Sidonius Apollinaris|Sidonii Apollinaris]] ita gentem secunda parte quinti saeculi describentem: </blockquote>...''Saxonum pandos myoparones, quorum quot remiges videris, totidem te cernere putes archipiratas; ita simul omnes imperant, parent, docent, discunt latrocinari''...''Hostis est omni hoste truculentior. Improvisus aggreditur, praevisus elabitur, spernit objectos, sternit incautos. Si sequatur, intercipit; si fugiat, evadit. Ad hoc exercent illos naufragia, non terrent. Est eis quaedam cum discriminibus pelagi non notitia solum, sed familiaritas. Nam quoniam ipsa, si qua tempestas est, hinc securos efficit occupandos, hinc prospici vetat occupaturos, in medio fluctuum scopulorumque confragosorum, spe superventus laeti periclitantur ... mos est remeaturis decimum quemque captivorum per aquales et cruciarias poenas, plus ob hoc tristi, quod superstitioso ritu, necare; superque collectam turbam periturorum mortis iniquitatem sortis aequitate dispergere. Talibus se ligant [[Votum|votis]], victimis solvunt; et per hujusmodi non tam sacrificia purgati, quam sacrilegia polluti, religiosum putant caedis infaustae perpetratores de capite captivo magis exigere tormenta quam pretia''</blockquote>. Mores barbarissimos igitur, si Sidonio credimus, observabant. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Migrationes populorum et gentium]] * [[lingua Saxonica]] {{gens-stipula}} [[Categoria:Germani]] [[Categoria:Gentes Europae]] [[Categoria:Saxones|!]] {{Myrias|Historia}} 0l33dpx8cf9ot3aa7vxsaw8339heoqj 0 40510 3986927 2849325 2026-09-09T16:21:35Z Pippobuono 54500 capsa et fontes et quaedam praecisiones 3986927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} '''Ioannes Paulus Mathieu''' (natus die [[23 Augusti]] [[1940]] [[Hadolia]]e ([[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegus]])) est [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sancti Deodati]] [[episcopus]] a [[2005]] usque ad [[2016]]. Mathieu [[presbyter]] die [[11 Aprilis]] [[1966]] [[Sacri Ordines|ordinatus]] est et episcopus die [[14 Decembris]] [[2005]] creatus est. Aetatis limite pervento, renuntiationem suam Papae [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisco]] obtulit, qui eam die [[15 Iunii]] [[2016]] accepit et [[Desiderius Berthet|Desiderium Berthet]] ei successorem designavit. == Studia == * Magnum Seminarium Sancti Deodati * [[Lutetia]]e: Sorbona et [[Institutum Catholicum Lutetiae]] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.cef.fr/catho/personnalites/mathieu.php De Ioanne Paulo Mathieu] in pagina Conferentia episcopalis Franciae{{Ling|Francice}} * {{CathHierBishop|mathie}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1940||Mathieu, Ioannes Paulus}} [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] qnja51r2miz9bpbd11tdpzsfhho8czg 3986928 3986927 2026-09-09T16:24:29Z Pippobuono 54500 /* Studia */ nexus 3986928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} '''Ioannes Paulus Mathieu''' (natus die [[23 Augusti]] [[1940]] [[Hadolia]]e ([[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegus]])) est [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sancti Deodati]] [[episcopus]] a [[2005]] usque ad [[2016]]. Mathieu [[presbyter]] die [[11 Aprilis]] [[1966]] [[Sacri Ordines|ordinatus]] est et episcopus die [[14 Decembris]] [[2005]] creatus est. Aetatis limite pervento, renuntiationem suam Papae [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisco]] obtulit, qui eam die [[15 Iunii]] [[2016]] accepit et [[Desiderius Berthet|Desiderium Berthet]] ei successorem designavit. == Studia == * Magnum Seminarium Sancti Deodati * [[Lutetia]]e: [[Sorbona]] et [[Universitas catholica parisiensis|ICP]] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.cef.fr/catho/personnalites/mathieu.php De Ioanne Paulo Mathieu] in pagina Conferentia episcopalis Franciae{{Ling|Francice}} * {{CathHierBishop|mathie}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1940||Mathieu, Ioannes Paulus}} [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] 69dk7v801udsauq0lv9oxkb310ylql3 0 42434 3986916 3986823 2026-09-09T15:54:50Z LilyKitty 18316 de experimento cognitionis 3986916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:monkey-typing.jpg|thumb|Haec simia erit auctor clarissimus, satis per tempus laborans.<ref>Nempe scripserit omnes libros qui umquam ficti essent.</ref>]] {{res|Theorema simiarum infinitarum}} est appellatio [[experimentum cognitionis|experimenti cognitionis]] vulgaris [[sententia]]e elegantiori [[mathematica]]e [[data]], quae dicit sortes eventus improbabilis, si per infinitum [[tempus]] temptatae, [[infinitas|infinitati]] ipsi appropinquare. Sensu est [[antiquitas|antiqua]], at figura hodierna dicit, si essent simiae infinitae, vel una per tempus infinitum, sedentes et adhibentes machinas [[dactylographium|dactylographicas]], tandem a [[fors|forte]] opera omnia [[Gulielmus Shakespeare|Gulielmi Shakespeare]] prodiderint. == Origines == [[Aristoteles]]: {{citatio|διαφέρειν γάρ φασι τὸ ὂν ῥυσμῷ καὶ διαθιγῇ καὶ τροπῇ μόνον· τούτων δὲ ὁ μὲν ῥυσμὸς σχῆμά ἐστιν ἡ δὲ διαθιγὴ τάξις ἡ δὲ τροπὴ θέσις· διαφέρει γὰρ τὸ μὲν Α τοῦ Ν σχήματι τὸ δὲ ΑΝ τοῦ ΝΑ τάξει τὸ δὲ <12Η>12 τοῦ Η θέσει. περὶ δὲ κινήσεως, ὅθεν ἢ πῶς ὑπάρξει τοῖς οὖσι, καὶ οὗτοι παραπλησίως τοῖς ἄλλοις ῥᾳθύμως ἀφεῖσαν. περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν δύο αἰτιῶν, ὥσπερ λέγομεν, ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἔοικεν ἐζητῆσθαι παρὰ τῶν πρότερον.|[[Aristoteles]]|[[Metaphysica (Corpus Aristotelicum)|Metaphysica]]<ref>Augumentum criticum de theoria [[Leucippus|Leucippi]] qui mundum coniunctione [[atomus|atomorum]] explicavit.</ref> p. 985b}} [[Cicero]]: {{citatio|Hic ego non mirer esse quemquam, qui sibi persuadeat corpora quaedam solida atque individua vi et gravitate ferri mundumque effici ornatissimum et pulcherrimum ex eorum corporum concursione fortuita? Hoc qui existimat fieri potuisse, non intellego, cur non idem putet, si innumerabiles unius et viginti formae litterarum vel aureae vel qualeslibet aliquo coiciantur, posse ex is in terram excussis annales Enni, ut deinceps legi possint, effici; quod nescio an ne in uno quidem versu possit tantum valere fortuna.|[[Cicero]]|[http://thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/nd2.shtml#93 De Natura Deorum,<ref>Argumentum in libero ''[[De natura deorum (Cicero)|De natura deorum]]'' quod theoriam atomorum Graecae negat.</ref> 2.93]}} {{citatio|Quicquam potest casu esse factum, quod omnes habet in se numeros veritatis? Quattuor tali iacti casu Venerium efficiunt; num etiam centum Venerios, si quadringentos talos ieceris, casu futuros putas? Adspersa temere pigmenta in tabula oris liniamenta efficere possunt; num etiam Veneris Coae pulchritudinem effici posse adspersione fortuita putas? Sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit, num propterea suspicari poteris Andromacham Enni ab ea posse describi?|[[Cicero]]|[http://thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/divinatione1.shtml#23 De Divinatione, 1.23]}} == Notae == <references/> ==Nexus interni== * [[Infinitas]] * [[Infinitas + 1]] == Nexus externi == * [http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/55871.html Rogato Dr. Mathematica], Aug 1998, Adam Bridge * [http://www.angelfire.com/in/hypnosonic/Parable_of_the_Monkeys.html Parabula simiarum], bibliographia cum attestationes. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080719075206/http://vlab.infotech.monash.edu.au/simulations/evolution/richard-dawkin-weasel/ Infinitarum simiarum applet] (Monashiensis Universitatis Virtuale Laboratorium) [[Categoria:Dialectica]] [[Categoria:Infinitas]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Experimenta mentalia]] 487t8gtkpopl001n9r3hnodwjbxfih2 0 45247 3986872 3980810 2026-09-09T13:36:02Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{FA stella}} '''Hizbullah''' ([[Lingua Arabica|Arabice]]: حزب الله ''ḥizbu-llāh'' 'factio Dei'), quae etiam '''Hezbollah''', '''Hisbollah''', '''Hisbolla''' (-ae)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2008/nuntius1.php?id=378|title=SOLLEMNITAS AŠURA|last1=Putz|first1=Ulrica|year=[[2008]]|website=Ephemeris|date=|last2=Gross|first2=Nicolaus}}: "Hoc etiam dictum esse a phylarcho Hassanum Nasrallam, duce spirituali Hisbollae Berytensi."</ref> aliter scribitur, est factio politica et militaris [[Libanus|Libanica]], cuius socii maxima ex parte sectam [[Religio Islamica|Islamicam]] [[Secta Siitica|Siiticam]] sequuntur. Quorum doctrinae [[Islamismus|Islamisticae]] auctor est [[Ruhullah Khumayni]], qui [[Seditio Islamica|Seditionem Islamicam]] in [[Irania]] concitavit. Quamquam se publicae electioni offert et hodie 14 ex 128 sedibus [[Parlamentum|Parlamenti]] et Ministerium Laboris tenet, dubium non est quin plus sit quam factio tantum, quales quidem factiones democraticas in Occidente cognovimus. Non enim desinerunt assectatores Hizbullah rei bellicae studere, cum miles [[Israël]]iticus eorum rebellione ex Libano cum ignominia evictus iam non nisi minimas terras, scilicet [[Praedia Siba]], occupet. Prorsus partes rei publicae agit Hizbullah per regiones Libani Siiticas sicut eas quae trans [[Leontes|Leontem]] sitae ad meridiem vergunt et [[Bica|Bicam vallem]] et [[Berytus|Beryti]] suburbia meridionalia, ubi cunctis fungitur aediliciis muneribus. Nam commeatum ibi instruit et publicae eruditioni praeest et [[valetudinarium|valetudinaria]] curat et [[mitigatio paupertatis|pauperibus fert auxilia]], civitate Libanica latente. Favent huic factioni Siitae fere omnes, factionis quoque [[Amal]] consociatae sectatores, atque etiam permulti [[Religio Christiana|Christiani]] Libanici, ducibus [[Michael Aoun|Michaele Aoun]] et [[Suleiman Frangieh Ir.|Suleiman Frangieh Iuniore]], nec non quidem nonnulli [[Secta Sunnitica|Sunnitae]], ut paene dimidia pars populi Libanici esse videatur, quae Hizbullah suffragatur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927030212/http://www.mideastmonitor.org/issues/0609/0609_6.htm Briefing: Lebanese Public Opinion] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref><ref> [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1908671.stm Who Are Hezbollah] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Et aliis in terris Islamicae fidei addictis maximam benevolentiam sibi conciliavit, cum regna occidentalia sicut [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] et [[Israel (civitas)|Israël]] contraria ex parte Hizbullah in numero [[tromocratia|societatum tromocraticarum]] habeant. == Historia == === Bellum civile Libanicum === Postquam [[Israël]]itici Libanum anno [[1982]] a meridie invaserunt, ducis [[Rūḥullāh Khumaynī]] iussu cohors 2000 [[Pasdaran|Custodum Seditionis]] [[Irania|Iranicorum]] in valle [[Bica]] iuxta fines [[Syria|Syrorum]] incepit iuventutem Siiticam in armis exercere, ut [[Seditio Islamica|Seditionem Islamicam]] in Libano propagarent et hostem Iudaicum una cum factione [[Amal]] debellarent, quae copiis Israëliticis manum dederat.<ref name="nyb17060">[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060 In Search of Hezbollah] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Opes ad Hizbullah instituendam, quae quidem non prius quam ab anno [[1985]] hoc nomine utebatur, dabant primarii Custodum Seditionis ut imperatores ʿAbbās Zamani (''Abū Šarīf''), Musṭafa Khamrān, ʿAlī Akbar Mohtashami, [[Ali-Reza Asgari|ʿAlī-Reza Asgari]]. Anno [[1985]], vehementius exarduerunt pugnae cum factioni Amal, altera Siitica, cui Syria subsidiis succurrebat. Rationem odii dedit Hizbullah, quod Amal castra exsulum [[Palaestina|Palaestinensium]] gemina—iam horribili illa caede afflicta, quam Christiani furentes fecerunt Israëliticis spectantibus—[[Caedes Sabrae et Satilae|Sabram et Satilam]] devastavit. [[Bellum civile Libanicum|Bello civili]] autem exstincto altera factio alteri adeo reconciliata est, ut earum duces [[Nabih Berri]] et [[Hasanus Nasrallah]] hodie plerumque iuxta in tabulis monstrarentur, quorum de rebus publicis sententiae vix aut potius nullo modo distingui possunt. === Post pacem Taifensem === Pace [[Taifum|Taifi]] in [[Arabia Saudiana]] anno [[1989]] composita, Hizbullah sola ex omnibus belli civilis militiis arma sua retinuit, quod finem quam sibi constituit Libani ab occupatione Israëlitica liberandi nondum impetraverat. Quamquam gloriatur hostem rebellione sua anno [[2000]] tandem repulisse, tela usque non tradidit dum [[Praedia Siba]] recuperarentur, decreto [[Concilium Salutis|Concilii Salutis]] [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]] 1559 obloquente. Ideo pergebat cum copiis Israëliticis trans Libanicos terminos reductis contendere annique [[2007]] aestate atroces pugnas et terra et aere pugnavit, a quibus se victricem abisse asseverat. Clade Israëlitica superba, Hizbullah magis magisque se ad res Libani civiles convertit et cum [[Michael Aoun|Michaelis Aoun]], ducis Christiani, factione foederata summum civitatis imperium petit. Die [[18 Septembris]] [[2024]], impetus bombarum per [[telephonum gestabile|telephonos gestabiles]] subiecti sunt, quod a rectione [[Israël]] putatur et plus quam 12 homines necati sunt et circa 3000 homines [[vulnus|vulnali]] sunt.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2024/9/18/the-lebanon-pager-attack-israels-terror-playbook-strikes-again The Lebanon pager attack: Isreal's terror playbook strikes again]</ref> == Doctrina == In libello die [[16 Februarii]] anni [[1985]] divulgato, factio exposuit sibi propositum esse:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029000205/http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/hezbollah_program.pdf The Hizballah Program] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071110232422/http://www.stanfordreview.org/Archive/Volume_XXXVII/Issue_10/World/world2.shtml "The Stanford Review"] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> {{Citatio| * Americanos, Francicos, eorumque socios ex [[Libanus|Libano]] expellere in perpetuum et quemque coloniam nostris in terris conditam delere * [[Phalanges (Libanus)|Phalangum factionem]] iustae potestati iudicibusque mandare scelerum causa quae in Musulmanos atque Christianos commiserunt * concedere cunctis nationis filiis ut sortes suas ipsi constituant reique publicae statum, quemcumque cupiant. Quos omnes hortamur ut eligant optionem rei publicae Islamicae, quae sola tutam praestabit iustitiam et libertatem. Nullum enim regimen nisi Islamicum arcere potest clandestinos [[Imperialismus|imperialistarum]] impetus in terram nostram.|Abraham al-Amīn|Epistola aperta: Regula Hizbullah}} Hizbullah illo libello manifeste declaravit vi sibi utendum fore ad haec proposita impetranda vocabulisque ex [[Alcoranus|Alcorano]] promptis hanc pugnam esse [[Gihad|sanctam]] (جهاد ''ǧihād'') profitetur.<ref>Qassem 2005:39. {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Post pacem Taifensem autem metam seditionis Islamicae ad instar Iraniae Libano inferendae reique publicae [[Theocratia|theocraticae]] (ولاية الفقيه ''welāyatu l-faqīh'') ibi constituendae sibi praetermissam esse annuntiavit. Quin dixit [[Hasan Nasrallah|Nasrallah]]: "Ducimus rempublicam Islamicam indigere maximo populi suffragio, neque dimidiae partis et unius, sed multo plurimorum. Quod in Libano non datur neque aliquando datum iri videtur."<ref name="nyb17060" /> Ex quo putatur factio esse "libanisata"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080919171539/http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/300/320/324/324.2/hizballah/warn2/index.html Staying the Course: the "Lebanonization" of Hizbollah - the integration of an Islamist movement into a pluralist political system] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref>, quia seditionem recusavit, se ad civitatem reformandam convertit, religionum varietatem in Libano probavit, quamquam pergit reicere portiones ecclesiis Christianis et Musulmanis [[Secta Sunnitica|Sunniticis]] pace Taifensi adscitas.<ref>Cobban, Helena [https://web.archive.org/web/20070203070822/http://bostonreview.net/BR30.2/cobban.html "Hizbullah’s New Face."] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Libellus, quem anno 1996 publici iuris fecit, proposita factionis statuit a prioribus diversa: Cum primo quidem loco rebellionem memoret contra occupantes, secundo tamen aequabilitatem iustamque civitatem et deinde multa ad oeconomiam, eruditionem, salum publicum pertinentia enumerat, [[Libertas religionis|libertate religionis]] non excepta.<ref>[http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/300/320/324/324.2/hizballah/hizballah-platform.html The electoral program of Hizbullah, 1996] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Post militis [[Israël]]itici reditum ultra fines Libani meridionales studium rebellionis non iam pertinet nisi ad [[Praedia Siba|Praediorum Siba]] glebam minimam, quamquam dux factionis saepius se censere professus est civitatem Israël tandem omnino esse delendam.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061016143445/http://www.unb.ca/web/bruns/9900/issue14/intnews/israel.html Hizbollah promises Israel a blood-filled new year, Iran calls for Israel’s end.] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Condemnavit autem [[11 Septembris 2001|insidias 11 Septembris anni 2001]] adversus [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatas Americae]] perpetratas quippe quae a iure Islamico abhorreant.<ref>Dictum ducis Fadlallah in periodico Theodisco "Der Spiegel" 42/01 laudatum</ref> == Collegium == === Regula === De factionis structura ambigitur. Nam sunt qui negent Hizbullah societatem vel [[Collegium (ius)|collegium]] esse ut qui eam sectantur quasi membra sint symbolis instructa certisque functa muneribus.<ref>''al-Nahar al-Arabi w-al-duwali'', 10-16 June 1985; et ''La Revue du Liban'', 27 July-3 August 1985. Laudata apud Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon,'' 1997:41 {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Etenim haesitant viri docti de numero sectatorum, quem alii inter 300 et 400 armatos,<ref>International Crisis Group: Old Games—New Rules. Bruxellae 2002:23 {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> alii fere 20 000 esse aestimant.<ref>Neue Zürcher Zeitung: [http://www.nzz.ch/2006/07/16/al/articleEB16Z.html Hizbullah nimmt Libanon als Geisel], [[16 Iulii]] [[2006]]. {{ling|Theodisce}}</ref> Constat autem summum imperium in gremio Consilii (مجلس الشورى ''maǧlisu š-šūra'') duodecim virorum esse positum, qui divinitatis peritissimi res factionis gerunt cotidianas. Consilio praeest Secretarius Generalis [[Hasanus Nasrallah]], qui anno [[1960]] natus Abbati al-Musāwi ab Israëliticis occiso successit anno [[1992]]. Vicario Nasrallah fungitur Naʿīm Qāssim. Nititur Consilium septem comitiis, quae res curant ideologicas, pecuniarias, militares, politicas, iuridicas, praeconias, sociales. Imitantur hanc structuram ea factionis collegia quae singulas regiones administrant, videlicet [[Berytus|Berytum]], vallem [[Bica]]m, et regionem meridionalem.<ref>Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon,'' (1997), p.45 {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> In rebus divinis semper auditur sententia Machometi Ḥussayn Faḍlallah, qui anno [[1935]] natus quasi partes agit summi factionis pontificis. Si autem alicuius rei ultima ratio petitur, solent ducem supremum [[Irania]]e consultare.<ref>Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon,'' (1997), p.45{{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Cancellaria factionis politica Berytensis collocata est in manibus Abrahami al-Amīn, qui etiam in [[Parlamentum|Parlamento]] eius praesidet senatoribus. ʿImād Muġnīyyah tandem, qui anno [[2008]] [[Damascus|Damasci]] ab ignotis necatus est, praefuisse dicitur exploratoribus secretis Hizbullah. === Opes === Si quaeritur de fontibus, e quibus hauritur illa pecuniae opulentia, qua dotata immensas praestat impensas in pauperes sustinendos et milites conducendos et arma emenda, respondet Hizbullah se donis tantum frui fidelium.<ref>Diarium ''Washington Post'' 20 Decembris 2004 [https://web.archive.org/web/20190416050928/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A12336-2004Dec19/?language=printer Lebanese Wary of a Rising Hezbollah]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Et patet profecto haud exiguas auferre stipes Siitarum Libanicorum, praecipue eorum qui patriae procul victum adepti in [[Africa]] occidentali, [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]], [[America]]que meridionali habitant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719233310/http://www.meib.org/articles/0201_l2.htm Hezbollah's Global Finance Network: The Triple Frontier] {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Sed dubium non est quin etiam [[Irania]]e regimen [[Islamismus|Islamisticum]] factioni amicae opes suppeditet et arma et alia auxilia; quae dicuntur explere inter 60 000 000 et 100 000 000 US$ per annum.<ref> [http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=52494&SelectRegion=Middle_East LEBANON: The many hands and faces of Hezbollah] {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> === Arma === Non negat [[Irania]] quin arma factioni mittat quibus hostem comprimat Israëliticum. Quae in ipsa Irania et [[Russia]] et [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sina]] confecta trans [[Syria]]m aut rarius trans [[Turcia]]m furtimque trans apertos Libani fines apportantur. Possidet Hizbullah diversa armorum genera, inter quae imprimis nominanda sunt missilia Russica generis ''Katjuša-122'', quae 29 chiliometra per aëra volant, et Iranica generis ''Fajr-3'', ''Fajr-5'', ''Zelzal-1'', quae creduntur usque ad [[Telavivum]] mitti posse. In promptu quoque habet missilia contra [[Autocurrus armatus|autocurrus armatos]] sicut Russica generis ''AT-3 Sagger'', ''AT-4 Spigot'', ''AT-5 Spandrel'', ''Metis-M'', ''АТ-14 Kornet'', Iranica generis ''Raad'', ''Towsan'', ''Toophan'', necnon missilia ad [[Aeroplanum|aeroplana]] ferienda sicut [[Tormentum bellicum|tormenta bellica]] generis ''ZU-23'' et ''Strela 2'', quae ab humeris mittuntur, et ''SA-18''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090110201645/http://www.meib.org/articles/0304_l2.htm Middle East Intelligence Bulletin] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> et ''C-802'' contra naves idonea.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5242566.stm Hezbollah missile threat assessed] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Res in bello gestae == === Bella Israëlitica === Tot nationibus et militiis Libanicis [[Bellum civile Libanicum|bello civili]] luctantibus, non in ora omnium pervenit nomen Hizbullah, quoad pace Taifensi composita inter omnes sola factiones arma sua deponere recusavit audaciusque studio institit militis [[Israël]]itici e terris, quas in Libani meridie tenebat, expellendi. Permultos post impetus in se perpetratos, exercitus Iudaeus mense Aprili anni [[1996]] incursionem in Hizbullah fecit cui appellationem "Uvarum irae" (מבצע ענבי זעם) dedit. Qua etiam 154 homines togatos e populo necavit, inter quos 107 in vico Canae vita privavit [[Tormentum bellicum|tormentis bellicis]] usus.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040116034350/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE150421996?open&of=ENG-LBN#GOW Amnesty] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/72493.stm History of Israel's role in Lebanon {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Quod Israël die 24 Maii anni [[2000]] tandem occupatione Libani destitit [[Praedia Siba|praediis Siba]] exceptis, Hizbullah sibi suaeque ascribit constantiae. Die [[12 Iulii]] [[2006]] autem in vicinis Aita al-Chaab, sectatores Hizbullah cum militibus Israëliticis conflixerunt, quorum octo occiderunt duosque captivos abduxerunt. Quod an citra transve Libanicos fines actum est, hic illicque in utramque disputatur partem. <ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,426302,00.html Israelische Truppen dringen in den Libanon ein] {{ling|Theodisce}}</ref> Quo commotus Israël ignem et gladium Libano intulit, multosque armatos pluresque togatos interfecit, donec die 14 Augusti [[2006]] [[Concilium Salutis|Concilio Salutis]] hortante siluerunt arma, quae Hizbullah quidem domare nequierunt, quod [[Hasanus Nasrallah]] ut "divinam victoriam" (نصر من الله ''naṣrun min Allah'') pronuntiavit. === Facta tromocratica === [[Fasciculus:Beirutbarr.jpg|thumb|Fumus supra castra classicorum [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanorum]] die 23 Octobris 1983 [[Pyrobolus|pyrobolis]] devastata]] Longus est index scelerum, quae Hizbullah commisisse criminantur, quamquam ipsa se magna ex parte insontem professa tot insidias collocasse, incursiones fecisse, obsides abduxisse non gloriatur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060927093727/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/#6 Hezbollah] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060819122710/http://aijac.org.au/resources/hezb_00-06.html Hezbollah Attacks Since May 2000] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080604015350/http://www.redding.com/redd/nw_columnists/article/0%2C2232%2CREDD_17528_4389698%2C00.html Hezbollah denies terrorist ties, increases role in government] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> * Insidiae contra legationem [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] [[Berytus|Berytensem]] anno [[1983]], quibus 59 homines perierunt, nec non illae contra castra classicorum Americanorum eodem anno machinatae, quae 58 [[Francia|Francicos]] et 241 milites [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanos]] morte affecerunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070610064835/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/regionen/Libanon/ursachen.html https://web.archive.org/web/20070610064835/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/regionen/Libanon/ursachen.html] {{ling|Theodisce}}</ref> * Item caedes 13 [[Francia|Francicorum]] [[Lutetia|Parisiis Lutetiae]] annis 1985 et 1986 facta. <ref>[http://www.conflits.org/document750.html ''Culture et conflit: Les attentats de 1986 en France''] {{ling|Francogallice}}</ref> * Item insidiae quae anno [[1994]] in urbe [[Bonaëropolis|Bonaëropoli]] Argentinorum in aedificium Iudaico cultui propagando dicatum instructae 85 cives cruentae morti tradiderunt, quamobrem curia Argentina anno 2006 [[Irania]]m tamquam factionis patronam accusavit, nec non incursio in legationem [[Israël]]iticam in eadem urbe anno [[1992]] facta, quae 22 homines propinquis ademit.<ref>[http://www.tagesschau.de/aktuell/meldungen/0,,OID6035408,00.html Haftbefehl gegen Irans Ex-Präsidenten beantragt] {{ling|Theodisce}}</ref> * Dicuntur sectatores Hizbullah et dextras tetendisse ut praefectus speculatorum [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americanarum]] abduceretur, qui captivus in tormentis vitam efflavit.<ref>[http://www.weltwoche.ch/artikel/?AssetID=14464&CategoryID=66 Der Tausendsassa des Terrors] {{ling|Theodisce}}</ref> == Res in pace gestae == [[Fasciculus:Lebanon Jul06.png|thumb|right|250px|Quibus Libani locis vivant [[Secta Siitica|Siitae]]]] === Res publica === Postquam anno [[1990]] ubique Libani arma cesserant togis, Hizbullah quoque in foro periclitari censuit annoque [[1992]] publico nixa suffragio [[Parlamentum]] introivit, ut quod in castris agere pergebat abhinc et a rostris confirmaret. In partibus Libani meridionalibus, ubi cum factione [[Amal]] certat de [[Secta Siitica|Siitarum]] gratia, complurium oppidorum curias dominatur. [[Syria]]co praesidio deducto, anno [[2005]] regimini adscripta energiae ministerium consecuta est. Mense autem Februario anni [[2006]], pacto cum ducis Christiani [[Michael Aoun|Michaelis Aoun]] [[Commotio Nationalis Libera|Commotione Nationale Libera]] composito, se partibus adiunxit regimini universoque Occidenti adversis<ref> [http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-468/_nr-648/i.html Die Koalition der Korruptionsgegner] {{ling|Theodisce}}</ref> pauloque post cum sociis suis munera publica recusavit novumque regimen flagitavit.<ref>[http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/NewsDesk.nsf/0/A96138992550D16AC2257219001A2043?OpenDocument "Nasrallah Warns of 'Street Demonstrations' if National Unity Government is not Formed"] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071215113527/http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/10/15/10075244.html "Aoun calls for national unity government"] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Propius nihil est factum, quam ut seditionibus domesticis atque pugnis cum [[Secta Sunnitica|Sunnitis]] regimini faventibus denuo bellum civile concitavisset. Mense tandem Maio anni [[2008]], cum ne quidem [[Syria]] neque [[Irania]] factionis amicae commoda ex eius contumacia capere censerent, omnes Libanicae factiones in [[Quataria]] pactae sunt, ut regimen constituerent quod Unionis nationalis dicebatur sectatoresque Hizbullah complecteretur. Propterea Machometo Fneich, hunc in ordinem iterum recepto, Ministerium Laboris mandatum est. === Subsidia socialia === Hizbullah factio Islamica non esset, nisi viduas, orbos, pauperes, infirmos sublevaret maternaque mente aleret. Itaque haud pauca sunt valetudinaria, hospitia, scholarum instituta, quae eius sumptibus in usum [[Secta Siitica|Siitarum]] administrentur, neque eo differt a ceteris Libani factionibus, quod indigentibus, universitatum studiosis, parentibus martyrorum stipendia exsolvit, quo efficitur, ut sibi eorum gratias perpetuas conciliet. Quicumque bello aestivo anni [[2006]] aut prioribus bellis sua bona amiserunt aut domis fugere coacti sunt, subsidia accipiunt a factione, quae etiam per societatem mercatoriam nomine "Studium aedificandi" (جهاد البناء ''ǧihādu l-bināʾ'') aedificia reparanda novasque domos curat exstruendas, quamquam pleraque non ipsa solvit impensa, sed civium et civitatis nititur collationibus.<ref> [http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/hlphzbl.htm ''Helping Hand of Hezbollah Emerging in South Lebanon.''] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Habet Hizbullah haud minus quam aliae factiones suum [[Televisio|canalem televisualem]], qui "al-Manar" (المنار ''al-manār'' 'Pharus') vocatus suam doctrinam per Libanum et mundum propagat, in [[Francia]] vero anno [[2004]] interdictus est, quod invidias et bella instigaret.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070129151103/http://www.col.fr/breve-1917.html „Der französische Staatsrat verbietet Al-Manar“] {{ling|Theodisce}}</ref> == Iudicia aliorum == === In partibus orientalibus === Populi quidem civitatum Arabicarum et Islamicarum maiore ex parte Hizbullah in tantis deliciis habent, ut his temporibus fortasse non exstet dux apud eos, qui manifestiore fruatur multitudinis favore, quam [[Hasan Nasrallah]]. Secundum diversas [[Indagatio demoscopica|indagationes demoscopicas]] enim 87 % Libanicorum anno [[2006]] probaverunt pugnam factionis cum Israël,<ref >[https://web.archive.org/web/20060830210321/http://www.beirutcenter.info/default.asp?contentid=692&MenuID=46 Poll finds support for Hizbullah's retaliation] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> 79,6 % [[Palaestina|Palaestinensium]] bene existimaverunt de Hizbullah,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071015233732/http://angus-reid.com/polls/view/12694 Angus Reid Global Monitor: Polls & Research / Palestinians Hold Hezbollah in High Regard] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> 63,9 % [[Iordania|Iordanensium]] duxerunt eius rebellionem legitimam esse, cum 6% tantum Hizbullah societatem tromocraticam esse censerent.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071015233851/http://angus-reid.com/polls/view/12527 Angus Reid Global Monitor: Polls & Research / Hamas, Hezbollah Legitimate for Jordanians] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Quod autem ad ipsa attinet illarum civitatum regimina, discedunt sententiae: etsi [[Irania]], [[Syria]], [[Iemenia]], [[Libya]], [[Quataria]] aliaeque Hizbullah animo et manu favere pergunt, non sunt paucae eaeque non minimae, ut [[Aegyptus]], [[Iordania]], [[Arabia Saudiana]], quae factionis Siiticae successa moleste ferant.<ref>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1150886029284&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Arab world fed up with Hizbullah]{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> === In partibus occidentalibus === Vix mirandum est, quod [[Israël]] factionem sicut ceteras militias Islamisticas [[Tromocratia|societatibus tromocraticis]] adnumerandam censet.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2005/Summary+of+Terrorist+Activity+2004.htm] Ministerium Rerum Externarum Israeliticum {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> Assentiunt [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050324113844/http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)] Ministerium Rerum Externarum CFA {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> et [[Canada]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061119150657/http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp Listed entities pursuant to the Anti-Terrorism Act (2001, c. 41)] Regimen Canadae {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> [[Britanniarum Regnum]] autem, et [[Australia]],<ref>[http://www.ag.gov.au/www/attorneygeneralHome.nsf/Alldocs/9F22AF531A4693F2CA256D66007C1F14?OpenDocument www.ag.gov.au] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> non totam factionem, sed partem illius, quam "Societatem Hizbullah incolumitati externae servandae" (''Hizballah External Security Organisation'') vocant, actorum tromocraticorum accusant. Indice tromocratico a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] curato Hizbullah non comprehenditur, quia solum ad eos spectant auctores, qui [[Alcaeda]]e cognati amicitiaque coniuncti sunt,<ref>[http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/1267/tablelist.htm Index societatum Alcaedae cognatarum] {{ling|Anglice}}</ref> at monetur Hizbullah pluribus [[Concilium Salutis|Concilii Salutis]] resolutionibus, imprimis resolutione 1559, ut arma sua deponat. Index societatum tromocraticarum, quo [[Unio Europaea]] alligatur, factionem non comprehenditur; licet [[Parlamentum Europaeum]] eam adiciendam flagitaverit. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151214184147/http://moqawama.org/ Pagina officialis Hizbullah] {{Ling|Arabice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080307002954/http://www.ghaliboun.net/ Idem] {{Ling|Arabice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061212200138/http://wa3ad.org/ Pagina societatis Waʿad] {{Ling|Arabice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080322045016/http://montada.almaaref.org/index.php Disputatio inter sectatores Hizbullah] {{Ling|Arabice}} [[Categoria:Tromocratia]] [[Categoria:Libanus]] [[Categoria:Irania]] [[Categoria:Factiones politicae Libanenses]] piu2z7c8xwqp6qz0yrivfs53ou7wche 0 59850 3986982 3730585 2026-09-09T20:40:31Z LilyKitty 18316 de genetica et systemate immunologico 3986982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Griffith experiment.svg|thumb|Experimentum Griffith.]] '''Experimentum Griffith''' est [[experimentum]] a [[Fredericus Griffith|Frederico Griffith]], [[medicus|medico]] [[Anglia|Anglico]], anno [[1928]] peractum, quo probatum est materiam [[genetica]]m e [[bacterium|bacteriis]] transferri posse. Griffith iis annis consilium inierat [[Streptococcus pneumoniae|''Streptococcum pneumoniae'']] investigandi, quod bacterium causa est [[pneumonia|inflammationis pulmonum]]. Duabus bacteriorum stirpibus usus est, quarum * una, ''Stirps S'' sive ''III-S'', se obtegit capsula polysaccharidica, qua se ab impetu [[systema immunologicum|systematis immunologici]]{{dubsig}} [[animal]]is periculo obiecti defendat; * altera, ''Stirps R'' sive ''II-R'', capsula illa caret protectrice. Constat stirpi S pneumoniam effici, cum [[systema immunitarium|systema immunologicum]] animalis valeat se ab stirpi R defendere. Griffith experimento suo bacteria stirpis S [[calor]]e necavit eorumque reliquias bacteriis stirpis R addidit. Etsi nec stirps R sola nec reliquiae stirpis S per se valerent experimentalibus nocere [[mus|muribus]], coniunctim tamen mortifero mures morbo affici perspexit Griffith. Itaque exitum experimenti sui interpretatus dixit nonnulla bacteria II-R materiam geneticam e bacteriis III-S calore necatis reliquam nacta ita esse mutata, ut morbum efficerent mortiferum. Hanc materiam geneticam hodie cognovimus [[acidum desoxyribonucleicum|DNA]] esse bacteriorum III-S. DNA enim bacteriorum calore necatorum superstes in bacteria II-R irrepsit, quo factum est, ut haec sibi capsulam polysaccharidicam conficere possent protectricem. Quo [[genum|geno]] armata bacteria II-R mortifera sunt mutata. == Bibliographia == * Oswald T. Avery et al., "[http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/dna/papers/avery-studies.html Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of Transformation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III]" in ''Journal of Experimental Medicine'' vol. 79 (1944) [[Categoria:Genetica]] hqey2yybe8vb3up1xj7eekwaq1azu47 0 66550 3986909 3700022 2026-09-09T15:49:12Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Georgius Merula''', (natus circa annum [[1430]] [[Alexandria (Italia)| Alexandriae]]; [[Mediolanum| Mediolani]] mortuus anno [[1494]]) fuit [[humanista]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. Merula, qui Mediolani [[Franciscus Philelphus| Francisci Philelphi ]] discipulus fuerat, [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graecum sermonem]] et [[rhetorica]]m [[Mantua]]e [[Venetia (urbs)|Venetiisque]] docuit. Anno a [[Ludovicus Sfortia|Ludovico Sfortia]] invitatus in Mediolanum rediit et mandatus est familiae [[Vicecomes|Vicecomitum]] [[historia]]m (Antiquitates Vicecomitum) parare, quae autem numquam perfecit. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1430|1494|Merula, Georgius }} [[Categoria:Philologi Italiae]] [[Categoria:Historici Italiae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] sswo4ci8j6h4r1947vngkd5id0vggax 3986911 3986909 2026-09-09T15:50:40Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Georgius Merula''', (natus circa annum [[1430]] [[Alexandria (Italia)| Alexandriae]]; [[Mediolanum| Mediolani]] mortuus anno [[1494]]) fuit [[humanista]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. Merula, qui Mediolani [[Franciscus Philelphus| Francisci Philelphi ]] discipulus fuerat, [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graecum sermonem]] et [[rhetorica]]m [[Mantua]]e [[Venetia (urbs)|Venetiisque]] docuit. A [[Ludovicus Sfortia|Ludovico Sfortia]] invitatus Mediolanum rediit et mandatus est familiae [[Vicecomes|vicecomitum]] [[historia]]m (Antiquitates Vicecomitum) parare, quam autem numquam perfecit. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1430|1494|Merula, Georgius }} [[Categoria:Philologi Italiae]] [[Categoria:Historici Italiae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] c2jyjqcoew6exglb15giflaj4526q3r 0 67239 3986883 3805288 2026-09-09T14:17:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{FA stella}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Hồ Chí Minh''' ([[Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale|API]]: {{Audio|HoChiMinh.ogg|hò̤ tɕǐmɪ̄ɲ}}; [[scriptura chữ nôm]] 胡志明; natus [[19 Maii]] [[1890]], mortuus [[2 Septembris]] [[1969]]) fuit primus minister et praeses [[Vietnamia]]e. == Vita == [[Fasciculus:Nguyen Aïn Nuä'C (Ho-Chi-Minh), délégué indochinois, Congrès communiste de Marseille, 1921, Meurisse, BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|Ho Chi Minh, 1921]] Familia eius e vico [[Kim Liên]] orta est. Natus ipse est die [[19 Maii]] [[1890]], filius alter natu [[Nguyễn Sinh Sắc]] et [[Hoàng Thị Loan]], in vico [[Hoàng Trù]] provinciae [[Nghệ An]] in imperio [[Annamia|Annamitico]] sub protectoratu [[Indosina Francica|Francico]] posito. Nomen primordiale '''Nguyễn Sinh Cung''' accepit, quod annum agens undecimum (patre nuper gradum doctoratus ''[[:vi:phó bảng|phó bảng]]'' merente) in nomen adolescentiae '''Nguyễn Tất Thành''' mutavit. Anno [[1907]], familia eo tempore in urbe [[Huế]] degente, [[Academia Nationalis (Huế)|Academiam Nationalem]] intravit, sed proximo anno iussu vigilium expulsus est ut qui interpretari praetenderet planctus agricolarum contra procuratores tam Annamiticos quam Francicos. Inde ad coloniam Francicam [[Cochinchina]]m se refugit et munus rhizotomi accepit in urbe [[Hochiminhopolis|Sài Gòn]] (quae urbs temporibus nostris nomen eius adsumpsit, scil. "[[Hochiminhopolis]]"). Ad portum Sài Gòn, die [[5 Iunii]] [[1911]], culinarius in nave ''[[Amiral Latouche-Tréville]]'' acceptus est eoque ipso die a Cochinchina abiit. [[Massilia]]e mense Septembri in terram exscendens per litteras praesidi [[Francia]]e postulavit ut in [[Schola Colonialis (Lutetia)|Schola Coloniali]] [[Lutetia]]e admitteretur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090817192543/http://www.hungviet.org/hcm/xinhoc.html Epistula ipsa Francice scripta].</ref> Qua petitione reiecta rursus in variis navibus vel culinarius vel famulus servavit; [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] interdum frequentavit; [[Anglia]]m annos circiter quattuor incoluit ibique (sicut ipse postea praetendit) apud [[Carlton Hotel]] [[Londinium|Londinii]] domino [[Augustus Escoffier|Augusto Escoffier]] opus dulciarium didicit.<ref>Tran Dan Tien (1958) pp. 10-12.</ref> Mense Iunio anni [[1919]] [[Lutetia]]e reperitur. Ibi cum [[Phan Văn Trường]] et [[Phan Chu Trinh]] "[[Revendicationes Populi Vietnamiensis]]" conscripsit et [[Deliberatio de pace componenda Lutetiae facta (1919)|deliberatoribus de pace componenda eo anno Lutetiae coeuntibus]] misit sub nomine '''[[Nguyễn Ái Quốc]]''' (scilicet "Nguyễn amator patriae"). Eo anno aliis postulatoribus incedit, inter quos [[Seán T. O'Kelly]] [[Hibernia]]e repugnatori; sed saepe iussu [[Albertus Sarraut|Alberto Sarraut]] a vigilibus Francicis (duce [[Ioannes Przyluski|Ioanne Przyluski]]) persecutus est. Postea in diario ''[[L'Humanité]]'' commentationes de iniquitatibus colonialibus scripsit et cum [[Factio Socialistica (Francia)|factione Socialistica]] se iunxit; quae [[Turonum|Turonis]] mense Decembri anni [[1920]] nomen [[Factio communistica Francica|factionis Communisticae]] accepit et ad [[Communisticum Internationale]] affiliata est. [[Fasciculus:Giap-Ho.jpg|thumb|Hồ Chí Minh (ad dextram partem imaginis) cum socio [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]] anno 1945 pictus]] [[Fasciculus:NKPhaNom'NhaLuuNiem-HoChiMinh.jpg|thumb|280px|Memorium Hồ Chí Minh in Ban Nachok, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand.]] Anno 1922 cum iuvenibus aliis coloniarum Francicarum peregrinis [[Unio Intercolonialis|Unionem Intercolonialem]] condidit periodicumque ''[[Le paria]]'' usque ad mensem Iunium anni insequentis editavit; quo mense a Lutetia subito discessit, se in [[Sabaudia (praefectura Franciae)|Sabaudia]] otiosus iter facientem praetendens, re vera [[Moscua]]m petens. Ibi [[Vladimirus Lenin|Vladimiro Lenin]] mense Decembri mortuo obsequiis prosecutus est; mense Iunio anni [[1924]] [[Quintus Congressus Communistici Internationalis|Congressu V Communistici Internationalis]] adfuit. A Moscua mense Novembri eiusdem anni ad [[Quancheum]] (sive Cantonem [[Sinae (regio)|Sinarum]]) missus est, ubi [[Factio Communistica (Sinae)|Communistis]] adiuvabat, consociationem eorum cum motu [[Factio Nationalistica (Sinae)|Nationalistica]] (duce [[Sun Yixian]]) favebat, exsulesque Vietnamenses in factionem novam unire conabatur, quorum nonnulli fuerant fautores [[Phan Bội Châu]] discipulique eius [[Nguyễn Hải Thần]]. Per hoc tempus nomen novum '''Lý Thụy''' sibi praefixit, uxoremque duxit [[Tăng Tuyết Minh]] quam mox amisit. Sed mense Aprili anni [[1927]], [[Sun Yixian]] iam mortuo, successore [[Jiang Jieshi]] Communistas persequente, captoribus evadens a Quancheo subito abiit et [[Hongcongum]], [[Shanghai]], [[Vladivostok]] et Moscuam petivit; [[phthisis|phthisi]] adfectus in paeninsula [[Crimea]] se refectus est. Inde per Lutetiam ad [[Bancocum]] [[Thailandia]]e mense Iulio anni [[1928]] pervenit. In Thailandia, in Sinis, in [[Russia]] multos annos degebat; Hongcongo duos annos a statoribus Britannicis incarceratus est. Ab anno [[1938]] rursus in Sinis cum militibus communistis meruit; inde mense Februario anni [[1941]] limitem [[Indosina Francica|Indosinae]] transgressus est et castra secreta posuit societatis vel turmae [[Việt Minh]] in antro quodam iuxta [[Pác Bó]] provinciae [[Cao Bằng]]. Tunc primum nomen '''Hồ Chí Minh''' adoptavit, scilicet "Hồ lucifer". Per annos 1941-1945 in Vietnamia septentrionali pro liberatione patriae contra Francos et [[Iaponia|Iaponenses]], qui eo tempore coloniam Francicam obsedebant, militavit (anno autem [[1943]], in Sinas regressus, ibi incarceratus est). Mense Augusto [[1945]], Iaponensibus cedentibus, [[subitanea rerum conversio|insurrectionem]] incepit; libertatem Vietnamiae die [[2 Septembris]] [[1945]] proclamavit, sed nova res publica ab aliis guberniis minime recognita mox a militibus Sinensibus, Britannicis tandemque Francicis oppressa est. Civitate igitur Vietnamiae autonoma in [[Unio Francica|Unione Francica]] die [[6 Martii]] [[1946]] inscripta, Hồ contra Francos pugnare continuavit; mense Martio [[1950]], [[Iosephus Stalin|Stalin]] et [[Mao Zedong|Mao]] adnuentibus, adsociationem [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Sinarum]] nactus est. Anno [[1954]], Francis apud [[Điện Biên Phủ]] obsessis et debellatis, Hồ in [[Deliberatio Genavae facta (1954)|deliberatione Genavensi]] independentiam Vietnamiae suasit. Ab eo tempore praeses fuit [[Res Publica Democratica Vietnamiae|rei publicae democraticae Vietnamiae]], quae partes septentrionales tantum totius nationis possidebat; [[Vietnamia Meridionalis|civitas Vietnamensis]], [[CFAC|Americanis]] adsociata, regionem meridionalem retinuit. Inde saeviebat [[Bellum Indosinense II|Bellum Vietnamense]] civile, duce exercituum septentrionalium Hồ, sociis Sinis necnon [[Unio Sovietica|Russis]]. In his annis, [[Pater Patriae|pater patriae]] recognitus, opera de vita sua [[pseudonymum|pseudonymo]] '''[[Trần Dân Tiên]]''' divulgavit. Bello etiam saeviente Hồ Chí Minh mortuus est die [[2 Septembris]] [[1969]]. Exercitus septentrionalis [[Hochiminhopolis|Saigon]] mense Aprili [[1975]] cepit itaque Vietnamiam in civitatem singulam coniunxit et corpus suum in [[Mausoleum Hồ Chí Minh]] sepultum est. == Opera selecta == === Opera pseudonyma === * [[Nguyễn Ái Quốc]], "[[Revendicationes Populi Vietnamiensis|Revendications du peuple annamite]]" (1919) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100307094349/http://www.desclasificacion.org/pdf/Nguyen_Ai_Quoc.pdf Textus] * Nguyễn Ái Quốc, "[[Le dragon de bambou]]" (1922; [[ludus scaenicus]] hodie deperditus) * [[Trần Dân Tiên]], ''Những mẩu chuyện hoạt động cưa Hồ Chư Tịch''. [[Hanoi]], 1970. [Opus autobiographicum pseudonymum; 1994 reimpressum.] ** Trần Dân Tiên, ''Glimpses of the Life of Ho Chi Minh''. Hanoi: Foreign Languages Press, 1958. [Versio Anglica incompleta.] === Opera ab aliis collecta === * ''Ho Chi Minh on Revolution and War, Selected Writings 1920-1966'' ed. Bernard B. Fall. Novi Eboraci: New American Library, 1967. * ''Hồ Chí Minh: écrits 1920-1969''. Hanoi, 1971. * ''Hô Chi Minh: textes 1914-1969'' ed. A. Ruscio. Lutetiae: L'Harmattan, 1990. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Bibliographia == * Pierre Brocheux, ''Ho Chi Minh: a biography''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2007. * William J. Duiker, ''Ho Chi Minh: A Life''. Novi Eboraci: Hyperion, 2000. ISBN 0-7868-6387-0 * Daniel Hémery, ''Hô Chi Minh: de l'Indochine au Viêt Nam''. Lutetiae: Gallimard, 1990. * Jean Lacouture, ''Hô Chi Minh''. 1967. Ed. 2a: Lutetiae: Seuil, 1975. * Sophie Quinn-Judge, ''Ho Chi Minh: The missing years''. Londinii: Hurst, 2003. ISBN 1-85065-658-4 [http://www.x-cafevn.org/node/676 Versio Vietnamica huius libri] * Thu Trang-Gaspard, ''Hồ Chí Minh à Paris, 1917-1923''. Lutetiae: L'Harmattan, 1992. ISBN 2-7384-1627-6 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ho Chi Minh}} * [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0519.html Necrologia in] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (4 Sept. 1969) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090520080848/http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/hochiminh.html De Hồ Chí Minh] in ''[[Time Magazine]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070714171151/http://www.cpv.org.vn/english/archives/?topic=14&subtopic=99&leader_topic=39 Vita] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090913081041/http://www.withfriendship.com/user/tuyen/ho-chi-minh.php Imagines] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110120034852/http://acjournal.org/holdings/vol3/Iss3/spec1/decaro.html Peter A. DeCaro], "Ho Chi Minh's rhetoric for revolution" * [http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/facultypages/EdMoise/commlead.html#ho Bibliographia] {{Praesides Vietnamiae}} {{Primi ministri Vietnamiae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ho Chi Minh}} [[Categoria:Nati 1890]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1969]] [[Categoria:Politici Vietnamiae]] [[Categoria:Duces civitatum]] [[Categoria:Repugnatores]] [[Categoria:Marxistae]] [[Categoria:Praeceptores Universitatis Communisticae Opificum Orientalium]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Vietnamiae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Vietnamici]] [[Categoria:Coqui]] [[Categoria:Participes Bellorum Indosinensium]] [[Categoria:Ho Chi Minh|!]] [[Categoria:Mao Zedong]] {{Myrias|Homines}} lvi8p1a0t9zg0o49tn2bbvonmdebewh 0 80715 3986921 3826985 2026-09-09T16:00:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986921 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Solti György sírja.jpg|thumb|200 px|Georgii Solti sepulchrum]] ''' Georgius Solti''' ([[Aquincum|Aquinci]] natus familia [[Iudaei|Iudaica]] die [[21 Octobris]] [[1912]]; [[Antipolis|Antipoli]] in [[Francia]] mortuus die [[5 Septembris]] [[1997]]) fuit [[concentus magister]] [[Hungaria|Hungarico]] -[[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]], qui inter alia ab anno [[1969]] usque ad annum [[1991]] [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra|Orchestram symphonicam Sicagensem]] ([[Anglice]] ''Chicago Symphony Orchestra'') duxit. Inter magistros eius fuit [[Adalbertus Bartók]]. {{NexInt}} *[[6974 Solti]] == Nexus externus == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070208231539/http://www.georgsolti.com/ Georgii Solti pagina interretialis] {{bio-stipula}} {{Chicago Symphony Orchestra musicae duces}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Solti, Georgius }} [[Categoria:Nati 1912]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1997]] [[Categoria:Duces orchestrae Hungariae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Hungariae]] [[Categoria:Musici Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Musici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Incolae Illinoesiae]] [[Categoria:Iudaei]] dqbbigb209371nxdpbc60g9e2oqmzz3 0 88302 3986849 3986152 2026-09-09T12:34:34Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Hermannus''' (''Hermann'') '''Muhs''' (natus [[16 Maii]] [[1894]] [[Berleibisin]]e<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Cunradus de Berleibisin'' (...) 960 ''Iuniun'' (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) ''Johan de June'' (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref>, vico [[Iuniun]]is<ref name="Iunium"/>, (in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e); mortuus [[13 Aprilis]] [[1962]] [[Goettinga]]e) vir publicus [[Germania]]e et sodalis NSDAP fuit. == Iuventus et Munus == Pater eius agricola fuit. Muhs Goettingae gymnasium frequentabat et anno [[1914]] maturitatem adeptus est. [[primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] miles voluntarius interfuit, primo tormentarius, deinde aeronaves militarias duxit. Anno [[1918]] a [[Francia|Francis]] captivus belli factus non prius quam [[1920]] domum venit. Deinde [[Goettinga]]e, [[Berolinum|Berolini]] atque [[Calininopolis|Regiomontii]] primo oeconomiae, deinde iurisprudentiae studebat. Anno [[1922]] primam probationem accepit, anno proximo doctor promotus est et anno [[1926]] secundam probationem adeptus est. Deinde Berolini assessor iudicii fuit, ab anno [[1927]] causidicus laboravit. Anno [[1932]] notarius factus est. Post [[secundum bellum mundanum]] iterum causidicus Goettingae laboravit. == Cursus honorum == Muhs anno [[1929]] sodalis NSDAP factus est et mox decurio Goettingae et ab anno [[1930]] ad mensem Octobrem [[1933]] legatus senatus terrae [[Borussia]]e fuit. Praeterea vicarius ducis regionis nazistarum [[Bernhardus Rust|Bernhardi Rust]] erat. Anno [[1933]], postquam Nazistae rerum potiti sunt, praeses pagi (Theod. ''Regierungspräsident'') [[Hildesia]]e nominatus est. [[16 Iulii]] [[1935]] Muhs secretarius statalis in novo [[Administer Imperii Rerum Ecclesiarum (Germania)|Administerio Imperii Rerum Ecclesiarum]], cui [[Ioannes Kerrl]] praefuit, factus est. Muhs una cum Kerrl acriter in [[Ecclesia Confitens|Ecclesiam Confitentem]] et contra encyclicam [[Mit brennender Sorge|Cura ardente]] [[Pius XI|Pii XI]] papae consuluit, sed Christiani resistentes non supprimere potuerunt, quamquam multos in carcerem mitti iussit. [[15 Decembris]] [[1941]] Kerrl mortuus est et Muhs eius successor temporarius factus est. Ad finem belli [[1945]] hoc officio fungebatur. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{BBKL|m/muhs_h|auctor=Andreas Schulz/Matthias Wolfes|commentatio=MUHS, Hermann|tomus=17|columnae=993-1002}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Hitler}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muhs, Hermannus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1894]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Goettingensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum Berolinensium]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Regiomontanae]] [[Categoria:Administri Imperii Rerum Ecclesiarum]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1962]] 04b2pr9ibpabj0jh9ttagk80ipcfrr1 0 113044 3986968 3200919 2026-09-09T19:21:35Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Add 1 book for [[Vicipaedia:Fons]] (20260909sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 3986968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Ulmaceae | image = Ulmus laciniata.jpg | image_caption = ''Ulmus laciniata'' in Morton Arboretum acc. 180-84-1 | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Rosales]] | familia = '''Ulmaceae''' | familia_authority = [[Carolus Franciscus Brisseau de Mirbel|Mirb.]] | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''[[Ampelocera]]'' [[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]]<br/> ''[[Chaetacme]]'' Planch.<br /> ''[[Hemiptelea]]'' Planch.<br /> ''[[Holoptelea]]'' Planch.<br /> ''[[Phyllostylon]]'' Benth.<br /> ''[[Planera]]'' J.F.Gmel.<br/> ''[[Trema]]'' Lour.<br/> ''[[Ulmus]]'' [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<br/> ''[[Zelkova]]'' [[Eduardus Spach|Spach]] }} '''Ulmaceae''' sunt [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] [[Magnoliophyta|plantarum florentium]] quae [[Ulmus|ulmos]], [[zelkova]]s, et alias plantas comprehendit.<ref>{{cite journal| last = Denk| first = T| coauthors = GW Grimm| title = Phylogeny and biogeography of Zelkova (Ulmaceae sensu stricto) as inferred from leaf morphology, ITS sequence data and the fossil record | journal = Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society| volume = 147 | issue = 2| pages = 129–157| publisher = Linnean Society of London| month = February | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00354.x | accessdate = 2007-06-12}}</ref> Membra familiae late distribuuntur per [[zona temperata|septentrionalem zonam temperatam]], et sparsam alibi habent distributionem praeter [[Australasia]]m.<ref>{{cite web|last = Watson|first = L.|coauthors = Dallwitz, M. J.|title = The Families of Flowering Plants: Ulmaceae Mirb.|date = 1992 onwards|url = http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ulmaceae.htm|accessdate = 21 November 2006 }}</ref><ref name="stevens">{{cite web|last = Stevens|first = P|title = Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden|date = 2001 onwards|url = http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/welcome.html|accessdate = 21 November 2006 }}</ref> Familia olim ''[[Celtis|Celtes]]'' comprehendit, sed investigatio ab [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] facta monstrat hoc genus in cognata [[Cannabaceae]] familia recte poni. Circumscriptio in taxobox data est circumscriptio a P. Stevens in situ Missouri Botanical Garden Angiosperm Phylogeny suasa, et data habet ex indice familiarum generumque plantarum vascularium a [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] facto.<ref name="stevens"/> Aliae classificationes genus ''[[Ampelocera]]m'' quoque comprehendunt.<ref>{{cite journal| last = Uedal| first = Kunihiko | coauthors = K Kosuge and H Tobe| title = A molecular phylogeny of celtidaceae and ulmaceae (Urticales) based onrbcL Nucleotide sequences | journal = Journal of Plant Research | volume = 110| issue = 2| pages = 171–178| publisher = Springer Japan| month = June | year = 1997| accessdate = 2007-06-12| doi = 10.1007/BF02509305}}</ref> == Descriptio == Familia est [[copia]] [[arbor]]um [[frutex|fruticumque]] sempervirentium vel deciduorum substantiá mucosá in [[folium|foliorum]] [[cortex|corticisque]] textili praeditorum. [[Folium|Folia]] usitate sunt alterna in [[caulis|caulibus]]. Laminae foliorum sunt simplices, marginibus integribus vel varie dentatis, et saepe basem asymmetricam habent. [[Flos|Flores]] sunt parvi, vel bisexuales vel unisexuales.<ref>{{cite journal| last = Sytsma| first = KJ| coauthors = J Morawetz, C Pires, M Nepokroeff, E Conti, M Zjhra, JC Hall, and MW Chase| title = Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on ''RBCL'', ''TRNL-F'', and ''NDHF'' sequences| url = https://archive.org/details/american-journal-of-botany_2002-09_89_9/page/1531| journal = American Journal of Botany| volume = 89| issue = 9| pages = 1531–1546| publisher = Botanical Society of America| year = 2002| accessdate = 2007-06-12| doi = 10.3732/ajb.89.9.1531}}</ref> [[Fructus]] est [[Samara (fructus)|samara]] indehiscens, [[nux]], vel [[drupa]]. == Usus == Genus ''Ulmus'' materiam magni momenti praebet, plerumque pro supellice, et ''[[Ulmus rubra]]'' est [[Herbalismus medicus|planta medicinalis]], pro demulcenti corticis interioris proprietate nota. ''[[Planera aquatica]]'' etiam est species quae materiam praebet. ''[[Planera]], [[Ulmus]],'' et ''[[Zelkova]]'' ut [[Planta ornamentalis|arbores ornamentales]] ponuntur. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes de plantis}} {{Biologia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Familiae plantarum]] [[Categoria:Taxa Mirbel]] [[Categoria:Ulmaceae|!]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} 0dfsnedkc6k8n46xcime20zyl37qqsq 0 123776 3986929 3985998 2026-09-09T16:24:54Z Pippobuono 54500 nomen latinum 3986929 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[La Vôge-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Aquilina (Sanctus Deodatus)|Aquilina]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Cussiacum (Vosegus)|Cussiacum]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontiniacum]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[Magna Fossa]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadolia]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagericurtis]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancuria]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haraevilla ad Mosam]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Hermonis villa]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecuria]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Haruniacum]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpemons]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Horbacum]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igniacum (Vosegus)|Igniacum]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Gedanis villa]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Ioannis Manile]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubani villa]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Jevancuria]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Marchia (Vosegus)|Marchia]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landini villa]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Aquilina (Spinalium)|Aquilina]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecuria]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Larino]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffodium]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Legisvilla]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lyroncuria]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longus Campus (Vosegus)|Longus Campus]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longus Campus subtus Castinetum]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lussia]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luviniacus]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Macuncurtis]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecuria]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Maldisinum]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malini curia]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Manderae]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Mareinvilla]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Mariacum (Vosegus)|Mariacum]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Monroniscurtis]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martiniacum (Vosegus)|Martiniacum]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mataincuria]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Maceriolae]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Madonis villa]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Menardi Mons]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Mansile in Sanctesio]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Mudrevallis]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Montes ante Novum Castrum]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelli Domus]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Murini villa]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mors Agni]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Maurivilla]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Medius Mons (Vosegus)|Medius Mons]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Medianum Monasterium]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum (Francia)|Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompardivilla]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Novilla (Vosegus)|Novilla]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nontiavilla]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Noretum]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Ollevilla]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Audoleni villa]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortonis curia]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padua (Vosegus)|Padua]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Paretum (Vosegus)|Paretum]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargniacum subtus Mirevallem]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Petraficta (Vosegus)|Petraficta]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Petreus Pons]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plenifesium]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pluvesia]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pomperra (Vosegus)|Pomperra]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pons iuxta Undinovilla]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portus Caelorum]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Portus Suavis]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-et-Colroy]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Purneretum]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Radalli villa]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervilleriae]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Rancuria]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Romarici campus]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Radonis curtis]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Rapo ad Silvas]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Rapo ad Stationem]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Ribovilla]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Rainharii villa]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Ranconis curtis]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relangia]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Rimacuria]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Romulficuria]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Ramaldi villa]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Reparium]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Roberticuria]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romania ad Silvas]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Rotmundum]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Ruvera in Sanctesio]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Roverium (Vosegus)|Roverium]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Rovilla ad Quercus]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Roserota]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Roseriae supra Mosunam]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Sanctus Basolimons]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Vivarium (Vosegus)|Vivarium]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viverium]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] k21nn0gndk590rvfh42ijmide34p163 0 127765 3986962 3394121 2026-09-09T19:06:24Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Add 1 book for [[Vicipaedia:Fons]] (20260909sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 3986962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | image = Aratus pisonii on leaf.jpg | image_caption = ''Aratus pisonii'' super [[folium]] [[arbor]]is [[mangle|manglis]] sedet. | name = ''Aratus pisonii'' | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subphylum = [[Crustacea]] | classis = [[Malacostraca]] | ordo = [[Decapoda]] | subordo = [[Pleocyemata]] | infraordo = [[Brachyura]] | superfamilia = [[Grapsoidea]] | familia = [[Sesarmidae]] | genus = '''''Aratus''''' | genus_authority = [[Henricus Milne-Edwards|H. Milne-Edwards]], [[1853]] | species = '''''A. pisonii''''' | binomial = ''Aratus pisonii'' | binomial_authority = ([[Henricus Milne-Edwards|H. Milne-Edwards]], [[1837]])&nbsp;<ref>{{ITIS |id=99062 |taxon=''Aratus pisonii''}}</ref> | synonyms = ''Sesarma pisonii'' <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1837</small> | synonyms_ref = &nbsp;<ref>{{cite journal |journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology]] |year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |format= PDF}}</ref> }} '''''Aratus pisonii,''''' vulgo '''cancer arborum manglium''' appellatus, est [[species (taxinomia)|species]] [[Brachyura|Brachyurorum]] quae in [[arbor]]ibus [[mangle|manglibus]] in [[zona tropica|tropica]] [[zona subtropica|subtropicaque]] [[America]]e [[regio]]nibus habitat, a [[Florida]] ad [[Brasilia]]m in [[litus|litore]] [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlantico]], et a [[Nicaragua]] ad [[Peruvia]]m in litore [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacifico]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Maria Helena de Arruda Leme & Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo |title=Reproductive patterns of ''Aratus pisonii'' (Decapoda: Grapsidae) from an estuarine area of São Paulo Northern Coast, Brazil |journal=Revista de Biología Tropical |year=1998 |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=673–678 |url=http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-77441998000300021&lng=es&nrm=iso}}.</ref> [[Victus|Vescitur]] [[folium|foliis]] praecipue manglium, sed [[omnivora|omnivorum]] materiam anteponit [[animal]]ium.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Sea Research |volume=59 |issue=1–2 |year=2008 |pages=59–69 |doi=10.1016/j.seares.2007.06.007 |title=Selection of an omnivorous diet by the mangrove tree crab ''Aratus pisonii'' in laboratory experiments |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-sea-research_2008_59_1-2/page/59 |author=Amy A. Erickson, Ilka C. Feller, Valerie J. Paul, Lisa M. Kwiatkowski & Woody Lee}}.</ref> ''Aratus pisonii'' est [[monotypismus|sola]] species [[genus (taxinomia)|generis]] '''''Arati.'''''<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |format= PDF}}.</ref> ''Pisonii,'' [[nomen specificum]], [[Gulielmus Piso|Gulielmum Pisonium]] [[naturalista]]m [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicum]] memorat, qui per Brasiliam cum [[Georgius Marcgrave|Georgio Marcgrave]] anno [[1638]] peragrabat.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Henricus Milne-Edwards]] |year=1837 |title=Histoire naturelle des crustacés: comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux |volume=2 |url=http://www.archive.org/details/histoirenaturell02miln |pages=76 |location=Paris |publisher=Librairie encyclopédique de Roret}}.</ref> ==Notae== <references/> [[Categoria:Crustacea terrestria]] [[Categoria:Grapsoidea]] [[Categoria:Taxa H. Milne-Edwards]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1837]] 7377e6un6zfl7v8uhskb8nl0qj4vqbo 0 153960 3986875 3986038 2026-09-09T13:52:21Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Somatopsyche''' ('anima corpora') est quaedam [[imago corporis]] in [[psychologia clinica]] et [[medicina]], quae ex eo nascitur, quod signalia sensifera ex variis corporis partibus venientia in [[Cortex cerebri|cortice cerebri]] coniunguntur. ''Somatopsyche'' est [[terminus technicus]], quo primus [[Carolus Wernicke]], neurologus [[Germania|Germanus]], usus est ad sui conscientiam corporis describendam.<ref>Wernicke (1906: 229-230, 446), verum in hoc libro forma ''somatopsychisch'' usus est. Sed forma ''sematopsyche'' apud [[Paulus Ferdinandus Schilder|Paulum Schilder]] legitur; Schilder (1951: 36, 45, 50).</ref> Summam enim sensomotorii corticis cum [[systema sensorium|sensuum organis]] convenientiam et coniunctionem posuit, censuitque signalia ex variis corporis partibus exeuntia qualitate inter se differre. Dixit etiam corticem, qui has "qualitates" inter se discernere posset, omnia signalia in unum contribuendo valere stabilem cuiusque membri imaginem construere in spatio: quorum signalium coniunctione et redintegratione fieri posse, ut ingens totius corporis imago exsisteret. Quae imago a Wernicke ''sui conscientia corporis'' sive ''somatopsyche'' appellata est. Itaque compositive sive ''bottom up'' fieri putabat sui notitiam corporis, quae igitur ex sensibili [[Musculus|musculorum]], [[Intestinum|intestinorum]], [[Articulus|articulorum]] aliorumque [[membrum|membrorum]] coniunctione nasceretur.<ref>Poeck & Orgass (1971); Corradi-Dell'Acqua & Rumiati (2007: 50).</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Corradi-Dell'Acqua, Corrado & Rumiati, Rino (2007). What the brain knows about the body. Evidence for dissociable representations. ''Brain development in learning environments. Embodied cognition and perceptual learning'' (ed. F. Santoianni & C. Sabatano), 50-64. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. * Gallagher, Shaun (2005). ''How the body shapes the mind.'' New York: Oxford University Press. * Poeck, K., & Orgass, B. (1971). The concept of the body schema. A critical review and some experimental results. ''Cortex'' 7: 254-277. * Preston, Catherine & Newport, Roger (2011). Evidence for dissociable representations for body image and body schema from a patient with visual neglect. ''Neurocase'' 17(#6): 473-479. * Schilder, Paul (1951). ''Psychoanalytics, Man, and Society.'' Arranged by Lauretta Bender. New York: W.W.Morton & Co. * Wernicke, Carl (1906). ''Grundriß der psychiatrie.'' Editio secunda. Leipzig: Thieme. [Editio prima 1894.] {{psych-stipula}} {{Nexus desiderati}} [[Categoria:Psychologia]] [[Categoria:Psychologia clinica]] klmy31voq3iw0nv8hdcidjsvnhgquz9 0 156264 3986906 3452189 2026-09-09T15:47:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986906 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre''' est commune 201 incolarum (anno [[2009]]) [[Francia]]e [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Matrona (praefectura Franciae)|Matronae]] in regione [[Campania et Arduenna]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Matronae] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre|Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre}} * {{INSEE commune|51490|de=Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Matronae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Matronae]] 7oksboa6plp5mqk9uhhjkcdwnvwh68q 3986907 3986906 2026-09-09T15:47:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986907 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre''' est commune 197 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Francia]]e [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Matrona (praefectura Franciae)|Matronae]] in regione [[Campania et Arduenna]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Matronae] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre|Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre}} * {{INSEE commune|51490|de=Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Matronae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Matronae]] g3akp45vylyr6sytkdxwdys7f1hxpm2 3986908 3986907 2026-09-09T15:48:10Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986908 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre''' est commune 197 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Francia]]e [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Matrona (praefectura Franciae)|Matronae]] in regione [[Campania et Arduenna]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Matronae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre|Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre}} * {{INSEE commune|51490|de=Saint-Jean-sur-Moivre}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Matronae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Matronae]] 82jrdliwfd6z3134vf8bbv16jh2fvtm 0 163291 3986873 3985365 2026-09-09T13:36:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Hildesiensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Hildesheim''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Hilmessen''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Augusti]] [[1977]] e circulis duobus et urbe Hildesia conditus est, quae etiam caput circuli est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HI.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Hildesiensis]] Circulus Hildesiensis haec communia habet: * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle''), urbs (19.919) * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'') (7892) * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze''), urbs (8868) * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln''), urbs (10.464) * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'') (6656) * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'') (4477) * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'') (9786) * [[Harsum]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'') (11.663) * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen''), [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] (102.584) * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'') (7255) * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'') (5377) * [[Nordstemmen]] (12.410) * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth''), urbs (13.525) * [[Sarstedt]], oppidum (18.482) * [[Schellerten]] (8138) * [[Sibbesse]] (5301) * [[Söhlde]] (7855) * [[Terra Montuosa Leinae (commune generale)|Terra Montuosa Leinae]]<ref>Nomen Theodiscum ''Leinebergland'' ex duobus elementis componitur, ''Leine-'' et ''-bergland''. Primum elementum ad fluvium ''Leine'' Theodisce nuncupatum refertur, cui Leibnitius in opere suo ''De origine Francorum disquisitio'' nomen Latinum "Leina" tribuit: “Ita pagus Leingau a Leina nostra dictus, postea soli parti superioris Leinae circa Gottingam mansit”. Ex hac forma "Leina, -ae" f. genitivus Leinae recte deducitur. Alterum elementum, ''-bergland'', regionem montuosam seu terram montuosam significat. Quare nomen ''Leinebergland'' Latine "Terra Montuosa Leinae" reddi potest.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Leinebergland'') (13.737, commune generale) ** [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'') oppidum (5207) ** [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'') oppidum (2696) ** [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau''), urbs (5117) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Hildesiensis]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] 3sekknupoxbh4opalwlzkpopi168cdk 0 164925 3986850 3986772 2026-09-09T12:34:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Haribernessum'''<ref name="Haribernessum">Vide [https://www.lamspringe.de/Rathaus-Politik/GeschichteHarbarnsen.php?object=tx,1738.74.1&utm ''Harbarnsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Harbarnsen zählt zu den ältesten Dörfern der Börde. Schon um 825 wird es als „Haribernessum“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Harbarnsen'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidulum [[Ermensulle]]<ref name="Irmenseul">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/irmenseul/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Conradus de Ermensulle'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Irmenseul'') pertinet. == Historia == Haribernessum vicus nomine ''Haribernessum'' anno [[822]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1969]] Haribernessum et Ermensulle ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinebant et anno [[1974]] in unum commune coniunctae sunt. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191331/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.100&mNavID=1738.99&object=tx%7C1738.74.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia Harbarnsen in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170317010051/http://lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.100&mNavID=1738.99&object=tx%7c1738.75.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici Irminseul in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] 5je61dq5yix5kc7lpl5jw4my6jm4ja3 3986853 3986850 2026-09-09T12:42:19Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Historia */ 3986853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Haribernessum'''<ref name="Haribernessum">Vide [https://www.lamspringe.de/Rathaus-Politik/GeschichteHarbarnsen.php?object=tx,1738.74.1&utm ''Harbarnsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Harbarnsen zählt zu den ältesten Dörfern der Börde. Schon um 825 wird es als „Haribernessum“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Harbarnsen'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidulum [[Ermensulle]]<ref name="Irmenseul">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/irmenseul/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Conradus de Ermensulle'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Irmenseul'') pertinet. == Historia == Haribernessum vicus nomine ''Haribernessum'' anno [[822]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1969]] Haribernessum et Ermensulle ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinebant usque ad annum 2016, quo, dissoluto communi generali, Haribernessum vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e factus est.. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191331/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.100&mNavID=1738.99&object=tx%7C1738.74.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia Harbarnsen in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170317010051/http://lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.100&mNavID=1738.99&object=tx%7c1738.75.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici Irminseul in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] pmlhnum7y6fnb8r3y0l6r7ueh4iafln 3986854 3986853 2026-09-09T12:42:44Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Historia */ 3986854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Haribernessum'''<ref name="Haribernessum">Vide [https://www.lamspringe.de/Rathaus-Politik/GeschichteHarbarnsen.php?object=tx,1738.74.1&utm ''Harbarnsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Harbarnsen zählt zu den ältesten Dörfern der Börde. Schon um 825 wird es als „Haribernessum“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Harbarnsen'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidulum [[Ermensulle]]<ref name="Irmenseul">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/irmenseul/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Conradus de Ermensulle'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Irmenseul'') pertinet. == Historia == Haribernessum vicus anno [[822]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1969]] Haribernessum et Ermensulle ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinebant usque ad annum 2016, quo, dissoluto communi generali, Haribernessum vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e factus est.. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191331/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.100&mNavID=1738.99&object=tx%7C1738.74.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia Harbarnsen in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170317010051/http://lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.100&mNavID=1738.99&object=tx%7c1738.75.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici Irminseul in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] 507f40dl2lqhofh2c4vgyjndtug62f2 3986862 3986854 2026-09-09T12:54:37Z IacobusAmor 1163 3986862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Haribernessum'''<ref name="Haribernessum">Vide [https://www.lamspringe.de/Rathaus-Politik/GeschichteHarbarnsen.php?object=tx,1738.74.1&utm ''Harbarnsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Harbarnsen zählt zu den ältesten Dörfern der Börde. Schon um 825 wird es als „Haribernessum“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Harbarnsen'') pristinum [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam [[oppidulum]] [[Ermensulle]]<ref name="Irmenseul">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/irmenseul/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Conradus de Ermensulle'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Irmenseul'') pertinet. == Historia == Haribernessum vicus anno [[822]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1969]] Haribernessum et Ermensulle ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinebant usque ad annum 2016, quo, dissoluto communi generali, Haribernessum vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e factus est.. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191331/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.100&mNavID=1738.99&object=tx%7C1738.74.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia Harbarnsen in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170317010051/http://lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.100&mNavID=1738.99&object=tx%7c1738.75.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici Irminseul in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] gzepp6hnye72yyjea5bjmazcjhu8340 0 165163 3986867 3723245 2026-09-09T13:05:33Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Neuhof]] ad [[Nova Curia (Lamespringa)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3723245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Neuhof''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]] est. Ad commune etiam vici Ammenhausen et Wöllersheim pertinent. == Historia == Neuhof vicus anno [[1312]] conditum est. Ab anno [[1972]] Neuhof, Ammenhausen et Wöllersheim vici ad commune generale [[Lamspringe (commune generale)|Lamspringe]] pertinebant. Anno [[1974]] partes ad novum commune coniuncti sunt<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130625211319/http://www.700-jahre-neuhof.de/Geschichte-Neuhof----/geschichte-neuhof----.html Pagina iubilaei DCC vici Neuhof (lingua Theodisca)]</ref>. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1312]] 4fh0iq9y9m69282sxyc50fz3jj0lkrw 3986869 3986867 2026-09-09T13:30:56Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986869 wikitext text/x-wiki Ņ{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Nova Curia'''<ref name="Nova Curia">Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuhof'' forma "Nova Curia" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Nova Curia (Franconia Media)|Nova Curia Franconiae Mediae]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Nova Curia (Hassia)|Nova Curia Hassica]] apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuhof'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidula [[Ammenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Ammenhausen'') atque [[Wollershemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Wöllersheim'') pertinent. == Historia == Nova Curia vicus anno [[1312]] condita est. Ab anno [[1972]] Nova Curia, Ammenhusa et Wollershemium vici ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinebant. Anno [[1974]] partes ad novum commune coniuncti sunt<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130625211319/http://www.700-jahre-neuhof.de/Geschichte-Neuhof----/geschichte-neuhof----.html Pagina iubilaei DCC vici Novae Curiae (Theodisce)]</ref>. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2016]], dissoluto communi generali, Nova Curia vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e facta est. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1312]] d948p0d9svjhkqd7b85epr0toa6qh11 3986871 3986869 2026-09-09T13:31:38Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Nova Curia'''<ref name="Nova Curia">Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuhof'' forma "Nova Curia" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Nova Curia (Franconia Media)|Nova Curia Franconiae Mediae]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Nova Curia (Hassia)|Nova Curia Hassica]] apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuhof'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidula [[Ammenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Ammenhausen'') atque [[Wollershemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Wöllersheim'') pertinent. == Historia == Nova Curia vicus anno [[1312]] condita est. Ab anno [[1972]] Nova Curia, Ammenhusa et Wollershemium vici ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinebant. Anno [[1974]] partes ad novum commune coniuncti sunt<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130625211319/http://www.700-jahre-neuhof.de/Geschichte-Neuhof----/geschichte-neuhof----.html Pagina iubilaei DCC vici Novae Curiae (Theodisce)]</ref>. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2016]], dissoluto communi generali, Nova Curia vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e facta est. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1312]] ideyklna94i5dmrnl48tw2dvfaujcth 0 165165 3986845 3822911 2026-09-09T12:25:34Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Sehlem]] ad [[Sehlemum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3822911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Sehlem''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]] est. Ad commune etiam vicus Evensen pertinet == Historia == Sehlem vicus saeculo 12 primo in actis descriptus est. Ab anno [[1974]] Sehlem ad commune generale [[Lamspringe (commune generale)|Lamspringe]] pertinet<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140223153635/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.76.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici in pagina communis generalis Lamspringe (lingua Theodisca)]</ref>. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] 40kagk5y2mvleh3qd4funz5vvmbwsv5 3986855 3986845 2026-09-09T12:43:06Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Sehlemum'''<ref name="-emum">Germanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-em'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-emum-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-em''' : -''ēmum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Sehlem'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidulum [[Evensa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Evensen'') pertinet. == Historia == Sehlemum vicus saeculo 12 primo in actis descriptus est. Ab anno [[1974]] Sehlemum ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinuit<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140223153635/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.76.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)]</ref> usque ad annum 2016, quo, dissoluto communi generali, Sehlenum vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e factus est. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] k8ylss1e1xbt1b78jz1zi8zidqp9lto 3986861 3986855 2026-09-09T12:53:27Z IacobusAmor 1163 3986861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Sehlemum'''<ref name="-emum">Germanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-em'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-emum-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-em''' : -''ēmum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Sehlem'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidulum [[Evensa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Evensen'') pertinet. == Historia == Sehlemum vicus [[saeculum 12|saeculo duodecimo]] primo in actis descriptus est. Ab anno [[1974]] Sehlemum ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinuit<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140223153635/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.76.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)]</ref> usque ad annum 2016, quo, dissoluto communi generali, Sehlenum vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e factus est. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] bxhdcjzcnyunko74sr9oeb74fdeekg9 3986870 3986861 2026-09-09T13:31:18Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Historia */ 3986870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Sehlemum'''<ref name="-emum">Germanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-em'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-emum-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-em''' : -''ēmum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Sehlem'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidulum [[Evensa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Evensen'') pertinet. == Historia == Sehlemum vicus [[saeculum 12|saeculo duodecimo]] primo in actis descriptus est. Ab anno [[1974]] Sehlemum ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinuit<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140223153635/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.76.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)]</ref> usque ad annum 2016, quo, dissoluto communi generali, Sehlenum vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e factum est. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] 8mg2w3mkdjqr91h8mmka9xfz17xi333 0 165166 3986857 3823891 2026-09-09T12:46:18Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Woltershausen]] ad [[Woltershusa]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3823891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Woltershausen''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]] est. Ad commune etiam vici Graste, Netze atque Hornsen pertinent. == Historia == Woltershausen vicus anno [[1141]] primo in actis descriptus est. Ab anno [[1965]] vici Woltershausen, Graste, Netze atque Hornsen ad commune generale [[Lamspringe (commune generale)|Lamspringe]] pertinebant<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164504/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.70.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici in pagina communis generalis Lamspringe (lingua Theodisca)]</ref>. Anno [[1974]] ad novum commune Woltershausen coniuncti sunt. Vicus Graste anno [[1172]] primo descriptus est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164458/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.72.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 loco citato]</ref>. == Cives clari == Ab anno [[1928]] [[Herbertus Backe]], vir publicus et postea administer factionis [[NSDAP]] in vico Hornsen colonus operam dedit. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] dcr1dgefdfqly3idubapnjeumfv9svy 3986865 3986857 2026-09-09T13:02:31Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Woltershusa'''<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Woltershausen'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidula [[Grasta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Graste''), [[Netza]]<ref name="-e"/> (Theodisce ''Netze'') atque [[Hornsa]]<ref name="-a"/> (Theodisce ''Hornsen'') pertinuerunt, quarum hodie solum Hornsa pertinet. == Historia == Woltershusa vicus anno [[1141]] primo in actis descriptus est. Ab anno [[1965]] vici Woltershusa, Grasta, Netza atque Hornsa ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinebant<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164504/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.70.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)]</ref>. Anno [[1974]] ad novum commune Woltershusa coniuncti sunt. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2016]], dissoluto communi generali, Grasta et Netza ab Wolterhusa se separant et hae tres vici communis [[Lamespringa]]e factae sunt, quamquam Hornsa adhuc ad Woltershusam pertinet. Vicus Grasta anno [[1172]] primo descriptus est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164458/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.72.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 loco citato]</ref>. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2016]], dissoluto communi generali, Grasta se separat et vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e factus est. == Cives clari == Ab anno [[1928]] [[Herbertus Backe]], vir publicus et postea administer factionis [[NSDAP]] in vico Hornsa colonus operam dedit. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] k4y429fdlsjwc0bb7vtn3rm3erd6wpi 3986866 3986865 2026-09-09T13:03:28Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Woltershusa'''<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Woltershausen'') pristinum commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|circulo Hildesiensi]] et praesens vicus [[Lamespringa]]e est. Ad vicum etiam oppidula [[Grasta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Graste''), [[Netza]]<ref name="-e"/> (Theodisce ''Netze'') atque [[Hornsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Hornsen'') pertinuerunt, quarum hodie solum Hornsa pertinet. == Historia == Woltershusa vicus anno [[1141]] primo in actis descriptus est. Ab anno [[1965]] vici Woltershusa, Grasta, Netza atque Hornsa ad commune generale [[Lamespringa (commune generale)|Lamespringam]] pertinebant<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164504/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.70.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 Historia vici in pagina communis generalis Lamespringae (Theodisce)]</ref>. Anno [[1974]] ad novum commune Woltershusa coniuncti sunt. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2016]], dissoluto communi generali, Grasta et Netza ab Wolterhusa se separant et hae tres vici communis [[Lamespringa]]e factae sunt, quamquam Hornsa adhuc ad Woltershusam pertinet. Vicus Grasta anno [[1172]] primo descriptus est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164458/http://www.lamspringe.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=1738.32&mNavID=1738.5&object=tx%7C1738.72.1&kat=&kuo=1&text=&sub=0 loco citato]</ref>. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2016]], dissoluto communi generali, Grasta se separat et vicus communis [[Lamespringa]]e factus est. == Cives clari == Ab anno [[1928]] [[Herbertus Backe]], vir publicus et postea administer factionis [[NSDAP]] in vico Hornsa colonus operam dedit. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] e2ysoqi9o322h544okcl1961mfprffc 0 167013 3986836 3984443 2026-09-09T12:11:10Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Heli'''<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in Brocle'' (...) ''milite de Derspe [...] mansum unum in eadem villa'' (...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''Haoga'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> seu '''Heloon'''<ref name="Heli"/> seu '''Helenen'''<ref name="Heli"/> seu '''Helen'''<ref name="Heli"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] est. Ad Helos vici [[Heli (vicus)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli"/> (Theodisce ''Hehlen'') cum [[Ovelgonna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Ovelgönne''); [[Brocle]]<ref name="Heli"/> (Theodisce ''Brökeln''); [[Derspe]]<ref name="Heli"/> (Theodisce ''Daspe''); atque [[Haoga]]<ref name="Heli"/> (Theodisce ''Hohe'') pertinent. Commune ad flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgim]] situm est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Schloss Hehlen Weserseite Weser Wiese.jpg|thumb|left|Castellum Helense.]] Heli saeculo 9 primo in actis descripti sunt. Anno [[1579]] Castellum aqua circumdatum erectum est. Ab anno [[1973]] ad circulum Holtisminnis pertinuit et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2010]] pars communis generalis [[Bodonis Insula-Collis|Bodonis Insulae-Collis]] est. ==Filii urbis== *[[Gulielmus Augustus Lampadius]], metallurgiae peritus ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] mqjznfr77kzlxcevf7ks8ruvzt51qla 0 171213 3987056 3986274 2026-09-10T08:36:16Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:LINDAU Marktplatz.jpg|thumb|left|Forum vici Lindaviae.]] '''Katlenburgum-Lindavia'''<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|circuli Northemiensis]] est. Commune ex vicis [[Barke|Barki]]<ref name="Barke">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B75-4/NOB%20V%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Northeim.pdf?utm ''NOB V Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Northeim'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Barke'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Berka''), [[Elvershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Elvershausen''), [[Gillershemium|Gillershemio]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Gillersheim''), [[Katlenburgum|Katlenburgo]]<ref name="-burg"/> (Theodisce ''Katlenburg''), [[Lindavia (Katlenburgum-Lindavia)|Lindavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> (Theodisce ''Lindau''), [[Suteroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Suterode'') atque [[Wachenhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> (Theodisce ''Wachenhausen'') constat. == Historia == Die [[1 Martii]] [[1974]] Katlenburgum-Lindavia commune e supra dictis vicis condita est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Katlenburg-Lindau|Katlenburgum-Lindaviam}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1974]] 6nmx8l6g34x8arn5yafv9fwsx7vxk13 0 171434 3986896 3986754 2026-09-09T14:53:26Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Gottingae'''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Göttingen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] '' Landkreis Chöttingen''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] est [[Gottinga]]. == Historia == Circulus Gottingae anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno 2012 disputabatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Northemiensi]] et [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Osteroda]] coniungendus esset. Postquam Northeim e actionibus se recessit, consilium circuli Gottingae die [[6 Martii]] [[2013]] constituit, ut cum solo circulo Osteroda circulus Gottingae coniungendus sit<ref>[http://www.landkreis-goettingen.de/pics/medien/1_1362642492/2013_03_06_EILMELDUNG_Kreistag_beschliesst_Fusion.pdf Nuntius circuli Gottingae die 6 Martii 2013 promulgata]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] Osteroda ad Gottingam circulum adiuncta est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]</ref>. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities_in_GÖ-2016.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Gottingae]] Circulus Gottingensis 39 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'') (6449 incolae) * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> (Theodisce: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), commune sui iuris et urbs (11.080 incolae) * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'') oppidum (13.381) * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'') (21.609) * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'') (11.395) * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'') (9163) * [[Gottinga]] (''Göttingen'', 121.364) * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (8824) * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573) * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen''), urbs (24.390) * [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987) * [[Rosdorf]] (12.005) * [[Sathsa]] vel '''Aquae Sathsieneses''' (''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634) * [[Staufenberg]] (8080) * [[Walkenried]] (4666) * [[Gieboldehusa (commune generale)|Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') commune generale (13.890) ** [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'') (2348) ** [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'') (767) ** [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') oppidum (3944) ** [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'') (1116) ** [[Obernfeld]] (972) ** [[Rhumspringe]] (1883) ** [[Rollshausen]] (901) ** [[Rüdershausen]] (868) ** [[Wollbrandshausen]] (612) ** [[Wollershausen]] (479) * [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)|Radolfshausen]], commune generale (7282) ** [[Ebergötzen]] (1790) ** [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') (1132) ** [[Seeburg]] (1601) ** [[Seulingen]] (1369) ** [[Waake]] (1390) * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes (commune generale)|Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'') (commune generale) (7606) ** [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'') (417) ** [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'') (4177) ** [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'') (1078) ** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934) * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia (commune generale)|Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld''), commune generale (9158) ** [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'') (527) ** [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'') (1062) ** [[Niemetal]] (1596) ** [[Scheden]] (1963) ** [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'') urbs (4010) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Gottingensis coniunctiones cum aliis pagis Europae habet: * [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium]], ab anno 1962) * [[Stroud]] ([[Glocestria]]), ab anno [[1951]] * [[Surisna]] (praefectura [[Alta Sequanae]]), ab anno [[1959]] * [[Hackney (Londinium)|Hackney]] ([[Londinium]]), ab anno [[1973]] * [[Albensis Comitatus]] ([[Hungaria]]), ab anno [[2000]] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gottingae circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] gxg2xs9nv2f2x3bsj6v9sddezcg6xv3 3986897 3986896 2026-09-09T14:54:41Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Gottingae'''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Göttingen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] '' Landkreis Chöttingen''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] est [[Gottinga]]. == Historia == Circulus Gottingae anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno 2012 disputabatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Northemiensi]] et [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Osteroda]] coniungendus esset. Postquam Northeim e actionibus se recessit, consilium circuli Gottingae die [[6 Martii]] [[2013]] constituit, ut cum solo circulo Osteroda circulus Gottingae coniungendus sit<ref>[http://www.landkreis-goettingen.de/pics/medien/1_1362642492/2013_03_06_EILMELDUNG_Kreistag_beschliesst_Fusion.pdf Nuntius circuli Gottingae die 6 Martii 2013 promulgata]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] Osteroda ad Gottingam circulum adiuncta est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]</ref>. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities_in_GÖ-2016.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Gottingae]] Circulus Gottingensis 39 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'') (6449 incolae) * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> (Theodisce: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), commune sui iuris et urbs (11.080 incolae) * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'') oppidum (13.381) * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'') (21.609) * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'') (11.395) * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'') (9163) * [[Gottinga]] (''Göttingen'', 121.364) * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (8824) * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573) * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen''), urbs (24.390) * [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987) * [[Rosdorf]] (12.005) * [[Sathsa]] vel '''Aquae Sathsieneses''' (''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634) * [[Staufenberg]] (8080) * [[Walkenried]] (4666) * [[Gieboldehusa (commune generale)|Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') commune generale (13.890) ** [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'') (2348) ** [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'') (767) ** [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') oppidum (3944) ** [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'') (1116) ** [[Obernfeld]] (972) ** [[Rhumspringe]] (1883) ** [[Rollshausen]] (901) ** [[Rüdershausen]] (868) ** [[Wollbrandshausen]] (612) ** [[Wollershausen]] (479) * [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)|Radolfshausen]], commune generale (7282) ** [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'') (1790) ** [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') (1132) ** [[Seeburg]] (1601) ** [[Seulingen]] (1369) ** [[Waake]] (1390) * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes (commune generale)|Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'') (commune generale) (7606) ** [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'') (417) ** [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'') (4177) ** [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'') (1078) ** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934) * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia (commune generale)|Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld''), commune generale (9158) ** [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'') (527) ** [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'') (1062) ** [[Niemetal]] (1596) ** [[Scheden]] (1963) ** [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'') urbs (4010) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Gottingensis coniunctiones cum aliis pagis Europae habet: * [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium]], ab anno 1962) * [[Stroud]] ([[Glocestria]]), ab anno [[1951]] * [[Surisna]] (praefectura [[Alta Sequanae]]), ab anno [[1959]] * [[Hackney (Londinium)|Hackney]] ([[Londinium]]), ab anno [[1973]] * [[Albensis Comitatus]] ([[Hungaria]]), ab anno [[2000]] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gottingae circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] oy0lrxgrl23ks1vla8gr6vs9r90wn6v 3986964 3986897 2026-09-09T19:07:58Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Gottingae'''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Göttingen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] '' Landkreis Chöttingen''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] est [[Gottinga]]. == Historia == Circulus Gottingae anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno 2012 disputabatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Northemiensi]] et [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Osteroda]] coniungendus esset. Postquam Northeim e actionibus se recessit, consilium circuli Gottingae die [[6 Martii]] [[2013]] constituit, ut cum solo circulo Osteroda circulus Gottingae coniungendus sit<ref>[http://www.landkreis-goettingen.de/pics/medien/1_1362642492/2013_03_06_EILMELDUNG_Kreistag_beschliesst_Fusion.pdf Nuntius circuli Gottingae die 6 Martii 2013 promulgata]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] Osteroda ad Gottingam circulum adiuncta est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]</ref>. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities_in_GÖ-2016.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Gottingae]] Circulus Gottingensis 39 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'') (6449 incolae) * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> (Theodisce: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), commune sui iuris et urbs (11.080 incolae) * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'') oppidum (13.381) * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'') (21.609) * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'') (11.395) * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'') (9163) * [[Gottinga]] (''Göttingen'', 121.364) * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (8824) * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573) * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen''), urbs (24.390) * [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987) * [[Rosdorf]] (12.005) * [[Sathsa]] vel '''Aquae Sathsieneses''' (''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634) * [[Staufenberg]] (8080) * [[Walkenried]] (4666) * [[Gieboldehusa (commune generale)|Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') commune generale (13.890) ** [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'') (2348) ** [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'') (767) ** [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'') oppidum (3944) ** [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'') (1116) ** [[Obernfeld]] (972) ** [[Rhumspringe]] (1883) ** [[Rollshausen]] (901) ** [[Rüdershausen]] (868) ** [[Wollbrandshausen]] (612) ** [[Wollershausen]] (479) * [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)|Radolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Radolfshausen'', commune generale (7282) ** [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'') (1790) ** [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') (1132) ** [[Seeburg]] (1601) ** [[Seulingen]] (1369) ** [[Waake]] (1390) * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes (commune generale)|Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'') (commune generale) (7606) ** [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'') (417) ** [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'') (4177) ** [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'') (1078) ** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934) * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia (commune generale)|Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld''), commune generale (9158) ** [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'') (527) ** [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'') (1062) ** [[Niemetal]] (1596) ** [[Scheden]] (1963) ** [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'') urbs (4010) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Gottingensis coniunctiones cum aliis pagis Europae habet: * [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium]], ab anno 1962) * [[Stroud]] ([[Glocestria]]), ab anno [[1951]] * [[Surisna]] (praefectura [[Alta Sequanae]]), ab anno [[1959]] * [[Hackney (Londinium)|Hackney]] ([[Londinium]]), ab anno [[1973]] * [[Albensis Comitatus]] ([[Hungaria]]), ab anno [[2000]] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gottingae circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] mks5ehlle32slsjjosmy4wjn55wolo8 0 172570 3986895 3980681 2026-09-09T14:52:12Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Radolfshausen''' est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Radolfshausen commune constitutum est. E communibus [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemio]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'') (1790 incolae), [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') (1132), [[Seeburg]] (1601), [[Seulingen]] (1369) atque [[Waake]] (1390) constat. Nomen cepit a pago antiquo Radolfshausen. In Ebergötzen communi sedes administrationis sita est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Radolfshausen|Radolfshausen|nexus=fractus}} * [http://www.radolfshausen.de Pagina communis generalis Radolfshausen (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] 0484aa9pjbw8d9byi1ywmo0dt75xfwd 3986946 3986895 2026-09-09T18:37:34Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Historia */ 3986946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Radolfshausen''' est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Radolfshausen commune constitutum est. E communibus [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemio]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'') (1790 incolae), [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') (1132), [[Seeburg]] (1601), [[Seulingen]] (1369) atque [[Waake]] (1390) constat. Nomen cepit a pago antiquo Radolfshausen. [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemii]] sedes administrationis sita est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Radolfshausen|Radolfshausen|nexus=fractus}} * [http://www.radolfshausen.de Pagina communis generalis Radolfshausen (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] 2cezujo2q8d93fy39w6qi0udu0w0mtw 3986947 3986946 2026-09-09T18:44:11Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)]] ad [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3986946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Radolfshausen''' est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Radolfshausen commune constitutum est. E communibus [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemio]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'') (1790 incolae), [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') (1132), [[Seeburg]] (1601), [[Seulingen]] (1369) atque [[Waake]] (1390) constat. Nomen cepit a pago antiquo Radolfshausen. [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemii]] sedes administrationis sita est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Radolfshausen|Radolfshausen|nexus=fractus}} * [http://www.radolfshausen.de Pagina communis generalis Radolfshausen (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] 2cezujo2q8d93fy39w6qi0udu0w0mtw 3986949 3986947 2026-09-09T18:52:51Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Radolfshusa'''<ref name="-husa"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Radolfshausen'')</small> est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Radolfshusa commune constitutum est. E communibus [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemio]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'') (1790 incolae), [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') (1132), [[Seeburg]] (1601), [[Seulingen]] (1369) atque [[Waake]] (1390) constat. Nomen cepit a pago antiquo Radolfshusano. [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemii]] sedes administrationis sita est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Radolfshausen|Radolfshusam|nexus=fractus}} * [http://www.radolfshausen.de Pagina communis generalis Radolfshusae (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] k7klzrzeyawipzwms9a3divf2mneo2b 3986954 3986949 2026-09-09T19:02:04Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Radolfshusa'''<ref name="-husa"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Radolfshausen'')</small> est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Radolfshusa commune constitutum est. E communibus [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemio]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'') (1790 incolae), [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') (1132), [[Seeburg]] (1601), [[Seulingen]] (1369) atque [[Waake]] (1390) constat. Nomen cepit a pago antiquo Radolfshusano. [[Evergoteshemium|Evergoteshemii]] sedes administrationis sita est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Radolfshausen|Radolfshusam|nexus=fractus}} * [http://www.radolfshausen.de Pagina communis generalis Radolfshusae (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] cp3sb09wohy4kjqngjd44qf60igz7yi 0 172794 3987055 3986149 2026-09-10T08:04:51Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Jühnde vom Gaußturm.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Iuniunis.]] '''Iuniun'''<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Cunradus de Berleibisin'' (...) 960 ''Iuniun'' (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) ''Johan de June'' (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> seu '''Iune'''<ref name="Iunium"/> seu '''Iunen'''<ref name="Iunium"/> seu '''Iuhnda'''<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Iuniun etiam vici [[Berleibisin]]<ref name="Iunium"/> (Theodisce ''Barlissen'') et [[Iuniun (caput communis)|Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium"/> (Theodisce ''Jühnde'') pertinent. == Historia == Iuniun anno [[960]] primo in actis imperatoris [[Otto I (imperator)|Ottonis I]] descriptum est. Ab anno [[1973]] ad [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia (commune generale)|Thransfellensem Ecclesiam]] commune generale pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Jühnde|Iuniun}} * [http://www.juehnde.de Pagina communis Iuniunis (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juehnde}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] f092j55nmh3g1sm195q2ddqts4n7j6x 0 173234 3986956 3980678 2026-09-09T19:04:45Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:WilhelmBuschMuehle 01.jpg|thumb|left|Molae [[Gulielmus Busch|Gulielmi Busch]].]] '''Evergoteshemium'''<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> seu '''Ebergotza'''<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Evergoteshemium anno [[1013]] vel [[1022]] nomine ''Euergoteshem'' primo in actis descriptum est; quod actum [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henrici II]] imperatoris autem forsitan falsum est. Annis [[1802]] - [[1807]] brevi tempore ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. Annis [[1841]] - [[1846]] [[Gulielmus Busch]] poeta puer et iuvenis hic vivebat. Filius pistorius amicus eius fuit atque se et eum in carmine de [[Maximus et Mauritius|Maximo et Mauritio]] (Theodisce ''Max und Moritz'') commemoravit. [[Fasciculus:Max und Moritz.JPG|thumb|left|Maximus et Mauritius (Theodisce ''Max und Moritz'').]] Anno 1866 Evergoteshemium cum toto regno Hannoverano ad Borussiam transiit et ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1973]] ad [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)|Radolfshusam]] commune generale intra circulum Gottingae pertinet. == Museum Panis == Evergoteshemii hodie Museum Europaeum Panis invenitur<ref>[http://www.brotmuseum.de/ Situs Interretialis Musei Panis]</ref>, quo in loco historia panis ab initio spectari potest. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Ebergötzen|Evergoteshemium}} * [http://www.ebergoetzen.de/ Pagina communis Evergoteshemii] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] hxnf2kcxapkdx1qp55trs8zimt1h6nd 0 173252 3986891 3931228 2026-09-09T14:41:27Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Landolfshausen]] ad [[Landolfshusa]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3931228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Mackenrode Kirche.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Ecclesia Mackenrode]] '''Landolfshausen''' est [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]] situm, ad quod vici Mackenrode, Potzwenden, et Falkenhaga<ref name="Falkenhagen">Theodiscum toponymum ''Falkenhagen'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam "Falkenhaga" verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://arsi.jesuits.global/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GERMANIAE_1891-lowquality.pdf ''Provinciae Germaniae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Falkenhagae (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Falkenhagen'') pertinent. == Historia == Landolfshausen anno [[1022]] nomine ''Lantolfshausen'' primo in actis [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis]] descripta est. Annis ab [[1802]] ad [[1807]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis ab [[1815]] ad [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. Anno 1866, cum toto regno Hannoverano ad Borussiam transiit{{dubsig}}, et ex anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ex anno [[1973]] ad circulum Gottingae [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)|Radolfshausen]] commune generale pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.landolfshausen.de/ Pagina communis Landolfshausen] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] r0d42p8vzqrfbknx1bfv7pj7c2ahojq 3986893 3986891 2026-09-09T14:49:53Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Mackenrode Kirche.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Ecclesia Mackenrode.]] '''Landolfshusa'''<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') est [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]] situm, ad quod vici [[Mackenroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Mackenrode''), [[Potzwenda]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Potzwenden''), et [[Falkenhaga (Landolfshusa)|Falkenhaga]]<ref name="Falkenhagen">Theodiscum toponymum ''Falkenhagen'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam "Falkenhaga" verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://arsi.jesuits.global/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GERMANIAE_1891-lowquality.pdf ''Provinciae Germaniae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Falkenhagae (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Falkenhagen'') pertinent. == Historia == Landolfshusa anno [[1022]] nomine ''Lantolfshausen'' primo in actis [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis]] descripta est. Annis ab [[1802]] ad [[1807]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis ab [[1815]] ad [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. Anno 1866, cum toto regno Hannoverano ad Borussiam transiit{{dubsig}}, et ex anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ex anno [[1973]] ad circulum Gottingae [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)|Radolfshausen]] commune generale pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.landolfshausen.de/ Pagina communis Landolfshusae] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] fusa7ryk3lo3of7nktimfln7wazpvdl 3986894 3986893 2026-09-09T14:50:46Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Nexus externi */ 3986894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Mackenrode Kirche.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Ecclesia Mackenrode.]] '''Landolfshusa'''<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') est [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]] situm, ad quod vici [[Mackenroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Mackenrode''), [[Potzwenda]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Potzwenden''), et [[Falkenhaga (Landolfshusa)|Falkenhaga]]<ref name="Falkenhagen">Theodiscum toponymum ''Falkenhagen'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam "Falkenhaga" verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://arsi.jesuits.global/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GERMANIAE_1891-lowquality.pdf ''Provinciae Germaniae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Falkenhagae (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Falkenhagen'') pertinent. == Historia == Landolfshusa anno [[1022]] nomine ''Lantolfshausen'' primo in actis [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis]] descripta est. Annis ab [[1802]] ad [[1807]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis ab [[1815]] ad [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. Anno 1866, cum toto regno Hannoverano ad Borussiam transiit{{dubsig}}, et ex anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ex anno [[1973]] ad circulum Gottingae [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)|Radolfshausen]] commune generale pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Landolfshausen|Landolfshusam}} * [http://www.landolfshausen.de/ Pagina communis Landolfshusae] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] lwudxe5rmoq9cn6561nu3eh7h5og87k 3986960 3986894 2026-09-09T19:05:55Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Mackenrode Kirche.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Ecclesia Mackenrode.]] '''Landolfshusa'''<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'') est [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]] situm, ad quod vici [[Mackenroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Mackenrode''), [[Potzwenda]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Potzwenden''), et [[Falkenhaga (Landolfshusa)|Falkenhaga]]<ref name="Falkenhagen">Theodiscum toponymum ''Falkenhagen'' aut similes aliae formae in Latinam "Falkenhaga" verti solent. V.gr. vide [https://arsi.jesuits.global/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GERMANIAE_1891-lowquality.pdf ''Provinciae Germaniae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Falkenhagae (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Falkenhagen'') pertinent. == Historia == Landolfshusa anno [[1022]] nomine ''Lantolfshausen'' primo in actis [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis]] descripta est. Annis ab [[1802]] ad [[1807]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis ab [[1815]] ad [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. Anno 1866, cum toto regno Hannoverano ad Borussiam transiit{{dubsig}}, et ex anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ex anno [[1973]] Landolfshusa ad [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)|Radolfshusam]] commune generale intra circulum Gottingae pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Landolfshausen|Landolfshusam}} * [http://www.landolfshausen.de/ Pagina communis Landolfshusae] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 5e8zpcd2ot3pleo4xjlamw99cs4i0cd 0 173256 3986951 3505452 2026-09-09T18:58:59Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Seeburg 2007-07-17.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Seeburg communis]] '''Seeburg''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad commune etiam vicus Bernshausen pertinet. == Historia == Seeburg anno [[1263]] primum in actis descripta est, sed certe vetustior est. Diu ad [[Dioecesis Moguntina|Dioecesin Moguntinam]], annis [[1802]] - [[1807]] brevi tempore ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. Anno 1866 Seeburg cum toto regno Hannoverano ad Borussiam transiit et ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1973]] Seeburg ad [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)|Radolfshusam]] commune generale intra circulum Gottingae pertinet. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.seeburgersee.de/ Pagina communis Seeburg] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Eichsfeldia]] [[de:Seeburg]] n5e4w7wj2wwrvs1iimhxkmfu3njum05 0 173267 3986950 3505453 2026-09-09T18:56:01Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Seulingen 2009-08-04.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Seulingen communis ab occidente solis venientibus]] '''Seulingen''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Seulingen anno [[973]] vel [[975]] nomine ''Suliggi'' primo in actis descripta est. Diu ad [[Dioecesis Moguntina|Dioecesin Moguntinam]], annis [[1802]] - [[1807]] brevi tempore ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. Anno 1866 Sulingen cum toto regno Hannoverano ad Borussiam transiit et ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1973]] Seulingen ad [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)|Radolfshusam]] commune generale intra circulum Gottingae pertinet. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.seulingen.de/ Pagina communis Seulingen (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] [[Categoria:Eichsfeldia]] qsbngl4ebza9vz5lje4iugq350ia43s 0 173270 3986953 3896811 2026-09-09T19:00:08Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Waake1.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Waake]] '''Waake''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Waake etiam vicus Bödinghausen pertinet. == Historia == Waake anno [[1013]] primo in actis descripta est. Annis [[1802]] - [[1807]] brevi tempore ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. Anno 1866 Waake cum toto regno Hannoverano ad Borussiam transiit et ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1973]] Waake ad [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)|Radolfshusam]] commune generale intra circulum Gottingae pertinet. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.waake.de/ Pagina communis Waake (lingua Theodisca)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130813230343/http://xn--bsinghausen-rfb.de/ Pagina vici Bödinghausen (lingua Theodisca)] * [http://www.heimatverein-waake-boesinghausen.de/ Collegium patriae Waake] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 601cyf8zyytjc5eqzw8k9w71vvlvbmi 0 173411 3986852 3984611 2026-09-09T12:36:14Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:HerzbergMarktplatz.jpg|thumb|left|Forum Hertzbergae.]] '''Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes'''<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'') est [[urbs]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Circulo Osteroda ad Harthicos Montes]]. Ad Hertzbergam etiam vici [[Hertzberga (vicus)|Hertzberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (Theodisce ''Herzberg''); [[Lodenowe]]<ref name="Kirchengemeindelexikon">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lonau/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Schriftlich ist Lonau erstmals 1260 als Wald- bzw. Flussname belegt: ''silvam nostram Lodenowe et Stenowe, nominibus fluminum sic vocatam'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Lonau'') cum [[Vallis Ecclesiae (Lodenowe)|Valli Ecclesiae]]<ref name="VE">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/ecclesia?wb=gross&nr=8 Latinum substantivum casu genetivo "ecclesiae" Theodiscum praefixum ''Kirch-''] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/vallis?wb=gross&nr=9 Latinum substantivum "vallis-is" Theodiscum suffixum ''-tal''] vertit.</ref> (Theodisce ''Kirchtal''), [[Vallis Mariae (Lodenowe)|Valli Mariae]]<ref name="VM">[https://www.frag-caesar.de/lateinwoerterbuch/Maria-uebersetzung-2.html Latinum anthroponymum casu genetivo "Mariae" Theodiscum praefixum ''Marien-''] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/vallis?wb=gross&nr=9 Latinum substantivum "vallis-is" Theodiscum suffixum ''-tal''] vertit.</ref> (Theodisce ''Mariental'') ac [[Vicus Inferior (Lodenowe)|Vico Inferiore]]<ref name="VI">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/inferior?wb=gross&nr=2 Latinum adiectivum "inferior-ius" Theodiscum praefixum ''Unter-''] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Dorf?wb=gross&nr=5 Latinum substantivum "vicus-i" Theodiscum suffixum ''-dorf''] vertit.</ref> (Theodisce ''Unterdorf''); [[Palidi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (Theodisce ''Pöhlde'') cum [[Saltus Rumae|Saltu Rumae]]<ref name="SR">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Sprung?wb=gross&nr=1 Latinum substantivum "saltus-us" Theodiscum suffixum ''-sprung''] et [https://www.frag-caesar.de/lateinwoerterbuch/Maria-uebersetzung-2.html Latinum hydronymum casu genetivo "[[Ruma (Layna)|Rumae]]" Theodiscum hydronymicum praefixum ''Rhuma-''] vertit. Quo de Latino hydronymo, vide [https://www.cloeser.org/gewaesser/Gewaesser_Harz_0.8.pdf cloeser.org], ubi dicitur "(...) die Ausgangsform ist aufgrund des erst ab dem 12. Jahrhundert in Form von „Ruma“ urkundlich überlieferten Namens nicht bestimmbar (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Rhumasprung''); [[Schartvelde]]<ref name="Schartvelde">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B72-A/NOB%20II%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Osterode.pdf?sequence=7&utm ''NOB II Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Osterode'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''castrum Schartvelde'' (Chronica ducum de Brunswick S. 581) (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Scharzfeld''); et [[Sevena]]<ref name="Sevena">Hic vicus suo e fluvio nomen cepit. Latino de huius fluvii nomine, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B72-A/NOB%20II%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Osterode.pdf?sequence=7&utm ''NOB II Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Osterode'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''inter [...] duas aquas, [...] Oderam et Sevenam'' (...) ''ad aquam, que Sevena nuncupatur'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Sieber'') pertinent. Ad [[Sevena]]m (Theodisce ''Sieber'') autem pulcherrima [[Ecclesia Sancti Benedicti (Sevena)|Ecclesia Sancti Benedicti]] cum organo euphono invenitur. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Herzberg 1753.jpg|thumb|left|Hertzberga anno 1753.]] Anno [[1154]] Hertzberga castellum, possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]], primo in actis descripta est. Primum urbis Herzbergae nuntium anno [[1337]] habemus. Pars fuit Principatus Grubenhagensis, ab anno [[1596]] Principatus [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]. Annis ab [[1807]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] transiit, quod autem anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. == Instituta == Hertzbergae invenitur [[Interculturale Centrum ICH]], quod [[lingua Esperantica|rebus Esperanticis]] sese dedicat. Incola notus fuit esperantista et ferriviarius [[Ioachimus Gießner]]. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Herzberg am Harz|Hertzbergam ad Harthicos Montes}} * [http://www.herzberg.de Pagina urbis Hertzbergae (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] bsmmyoaj8etjeogc6w1lroplfur1z0e 0 173726 3987032 3983110 2026-09-09T23:27:38Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Goslariensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Goslariensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Goslar'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Goslariensis-e" ad [[Goslaria]]m refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Goslar''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Goslar''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Goslaria]] est. == Historia == Circulus Osteroda anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in GS.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Goslariensi]] Circulus Osteroda 10 communia habet, quae partim ad "commune generale" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinde") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'') urbs (21.813 incolae) * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'') urbs (6280) * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'') [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] (50.681) * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'') urbs (12.105) * [[Liebenburg]] commune (8620) * [[Sesa]] (Germ.: ''Seesen'') oppidum (20.034) * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'') [[urbs]] (15.769) * [[Lutter am Barenberge (commune generale)|Lutter am Barenberge]] commune generale (4098) ** [[Hahausen]] (841) ** [[Lutter am Barenberge]] (2290) ** [[Wallmoden]] (967) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Goslariensis coniunctionem cum ''Trzebnicki circulo'' in [[Silesia Inferior]]e constiuit. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Goslar|Circulus Goslariensis}} * [http://www.landkreis-goslar.de/ Pagina interretialis circuli] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goslariensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 3thn28m8b84walra8pr6e2c87cl2y86 3987034 3987032 2026-09-09T23:34:55Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Goslariensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Goslariensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Goslar'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Goslariensis-e" ad [[Goslaria]]m refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Goslar''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Goslar''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Goslaria]] est. == Historia == Circulus Osteroda anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in GS.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Goslariensi]] Circulus Osteroda 10 communia habet, quae partim ad "commune generale" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinde") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'') urbs (6280) * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'') [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] (50.681) * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'') urbs (21.813 incolae) * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'') urbs (12.105) * [[Liebenburg]] commune (8620) * [[Sesa]] (Germ.: ''Seesen'') oppidum (20.034) * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'') [[urbs]] (15.769) * Harz (Landkreis Goslar) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Goslariensis coniunctionem cum ''Trzebnicki circulo'' in [[Silesia Inferior]]e constiuit. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Goslar|Circulus Goslariensis}} * [http://www.landkreis-goslar.de/ Pagina interretialis circuli] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goslariensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] p4k4jawwamrrcco6k4y6p7klswumb7y 0 174368 3987027 3983672 2026-09-09T23:16:57Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Andreaskirche Langelsheim 01.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Andreae Langelshemii.]] '''Langelshemium'''<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> (Theodisce ''Langelsheim'') est urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. Ad Langelshemium etiam pertinent hi vici: [[Astfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Astfeld'') cum [[Hutta Ducis Iulii]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Dux Iulius">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Herzog?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''Herzog'' Latino "dux ducis"] et [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Julius Theodiscum anthroponymicum praefixum "Julius" Latino anthroponymo "Iulius-i"] vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Herzog Juliushütte''); [[Bredenum]]<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Thidericus de Bredenum'' (...) ''Bredenum'' (...) ''in Bredenum'' (...) ''jus silve, que vulgariter Ludandal dicitur'' (...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...) ''Walmde Antiquum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Bredelem'') cum [[Mola Palandensis|Mola Palandensi]]<ref name="Mola Palandensis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/mola?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum "-mühle" Latino vocabulo "mola-ae"] et Theodiscum genetivum praefixum ''Palands-'' Latino gentilicio "Paladensis-e" vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Palandsmühle''); [[Hahusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Hahausen'') cum [[Nova Caupona]]<ref name="Nova Caupona">''Neuekrug'' interpretari licet "Nova Caupona". Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Neue-'' Latino adiectivo "novus, -a, -um" redditur; cf. Langenscheidt, ''Deutsch–Lateinisches Wörterbuch'', s. v. ''neu''. ''Krug'', ubi ''Schenke, Wirtshaus'' significat, Latine "caupona, -ae" f. redditur; cf. Georges, ''Kleines deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch'', s. v. ''Krug''.</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuekrug''); [[urbs nuclearis]]<ref name="Kernstadt">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Kern?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Kern'' Latino adiectivo "nuclearis-e"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Stadt?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum suffixum ''-stadt'' Latino nomine ''urbs urbis''] vertitur.</ref> [[Urbs Nuclearis Langelshemium|Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717"/> (Theodisce ''Kernstadt Langelsheim''); [[oppidum montanum]]<ref name="oppidum montanum">[https://translate.academic.ru/metalla/xx/la/?utm Theodiscum compositum substantivum ''Bergstadt'' Latino syntagmate "oppidum montanum"] vertitur.</ref> [[Ludandal]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Bergstadt Lautenthal'') cum [[Huttschenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -thal : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Hüttschenthal''); oppidum [[Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Flecken Lutter am Barenberge'') cum [[Rhoda (Lutterun)|Rhoda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Rhode'') et [[villagium|villagiis]] [[Naun]]e<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Nauen'') cum [[Mola Pobbeckensis|Mola Pobbeckensi]]<ref name="Mola Pobbeckensis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/mola?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum "-mühle" Latino vocabulo "mola-ae"] et Theodiscum praefixum ''Pöbbecken-'' Latino gentilicio "Pobbeckensis-e" vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Pöbbeckenmühle'') et [[Ostluttera]]<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Ostlutter''); [[Walmde]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Wallmoden'') cum villagiis [[Walmde Antiquum|Walmdi Antiquo]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Alt Wallmoden'') cum [[Konneckenroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Könneckenrode'') ac [[Mola Ringelheimensis|Mola Ringelheimensi]]<ref name="Mola Ringelheimensis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/mola?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum "-mühle" Latino vocabulo "mola-ae"] et Theodiscum toponymum ''Ringelheim'' Latino gentilicio "Ringelheimensis-e" vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Mühle Ringelheim''), [[Bodenstenium|Bodenstenio]]<ref name="-stein">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stenium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Bodenstein'') ac [[Walmde Novum|Walmdi Novo]]<ref name="NOB X"/><ref name="Novus-a-um">Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Neue-'' Latino adiectivo "novus, -a, -um" redditur; cf. Langenscheidt, ''Deutsch–Lateinisches Wörterbuch'', s. v. ''neu''.</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuwallmoden''); et [[Wolfshaga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Wolfshagen im Harz''). == Historia == Langelshemium primo in saeculo 10 nomine '' Langenizze'' vel ''Langenesse'' in actis descriptum est. Saeculo 19 ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Anno [[1951]] Langelshemium urbs declaratum est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno 1977 aliqui vici supra dicti accesserunt. == Clari cives == * [[Ioannes Assmann]], [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegypti antiquae]], [[religio]]nis et [[cultura]]e peritus ([[1938]]) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Langelsheim|Langelshemium}} * [http://www.langelsheim.de Pagina urbis Langelshemii (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 8d7pb4jbzrebdonovkrsve9rf8b1kl7 3987060 3987027 2026-09-10T09:54:31Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Andreaskirche Langelsheim 01.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Andreae Langelshemii.]] '''Langelshemium'''<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> (Theodisce ''Langelsheim'') est urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. Ad Langelshemium etiam pertinent hi vici: [[Astfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Astfeld'') cum [[Hutta Ducis Iulii]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Dux Iulius">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Herzog?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''Herzog'' Latino "dux ducis"] et [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Julius Theodiscum anthroponymicum praefixum "Julius" Latino anthroponymo "Iulius-i"] vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Herzog Juliushütte''); [[Bredenum]]<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Thidericus de Bredenum'' (...) ''Bredenum'' (...) ''in Bredenum'' (...) ''jus silve, que vulgariter Ludandal dicitur'' (...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...) ''Walmde Antiquum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Bredelem'') cum [[Mola Palandensis|Mola Palandensi]]<ref name="Mola Palandensis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/mola?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum "-mühle" Latino vocabulo "mola-ae"] et Theodiscum genetivum praefixum ''Palands-'' Latino gentilicio "Paladensis-e" vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Palandsmühle''); [[Hahusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Hahausen'') cum [[Nova Caupona]]<ref name="Nova Caupona">''Neuekrug'' interpretari licet "Nova Caupona". Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Neue-'' Latino adiectivo "novus, -a, -um" redditur; cf. Langenscheidt, ''Deutsch–Lateinisches Wörterbuch'', s. v. ''neu''. ''Krug'', ubi ''Schenke, Wirtshaus'' significat, Latine "caupona, -ae" f. redditur; cf. Georges, ''Kleines deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch'', s. v. ''Krug''.</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuekrug''); [[urbs nuclearis]]<ref name="Kernstadt">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Kern?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Kern'' Latino adiectivo "nuclearis-e"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Stadt?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum suffixum ''-stadt'' Latino nomine ''urbs urbis''] vertitur.</ref> [[Urbs Nuclearis Langelshemium|Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717"/> (Theodisce ''Kernstadt Langelsheim''); [[oppidum montanum]]<ref name="oppidum montanum">[https://translate.academic.ru/metalla/xx/la/?utm Theodiscum compositum substantivum ''Bergstadt'' Latino syntagmate "oppidum montanum"] vertitur.</ref> [[Ludandal]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Bergstadt Lautenthal'') cum [[Huttschenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -thal : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Hüttschenthal''); oppidum [[Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Flecken Lutter am Barenberge'') cum [[Rhoda (Lutterun)|Rhoda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Rhode'') et [[villagium|villagiis]] [[Naun]]e<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Nauen'') cum [[Mola Pobbeckensis|Mola Pobbeckensi]]<ref name="Mola Pobbeckensis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/mola?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum "-mühle" Latino vocabulo "mola-ae"] et Theodiscum praefixum ''Pöbbecken-'' Latino gentilicio "Pobbeckensis-e" vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Pöbbeckenmühle'') et [[Ostluttera]]<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Ostlutter''); [[Walmde]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Wallmoden'') cum villagiis [[Walmde Antiquum|Walmdi Antiquo]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Alt Wallmoden'') cum [[Konneckenroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Könneckenrode'') ac [[Mola Ringelheimensis|Mola Ringelheimensi]]<ref name="Mola Ringelheimensis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/mola?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum "-mühle" Latino vocabulo "mola-ae"] et Theodiscum toponymum ''Ringelheim'' Latino gentilicio "Ringelheimensis-e" vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Mühle Ringelheim''), [[Bodenstenium|Bodenstenio]]<ref name="-stein">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stenium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Bodenstein'') ac [[Walmde Novum|Walmdi Novo]]<ref name="NOB X"/><ref name="Novus-a-um">Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Neue-'' Latino adiectivo "novus, -a, -um" redditur; cf. Langenscheidt, ''Deutsch–Lateinisches Wörterbuch'', s. v. ''neu''.</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuwallmoden''); et [[Wolfshaga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Wolfshagen im Harz''). == Historia == Langelshemium primo in saeculo 10 nomine '' Langenizze'' vel ''Langenesse'' in actis descriptum est. Saeculo 19 ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Anno [[1951]] Langelshemium urbs declaratum est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno 1977 aliqui vici supra dicti accesserunt. == Clari cives == * [[Ioannes Assmann]], [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegypti antiquae]], [[religio]]nis et [[cultura]]e peritus ([[1938]]) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Langelsheim|Langelshemium}} * [http://www.langelsheim.de Pagina urbis Langelshemii (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 7h2mxrkg2pfmzovos6czyvld4f31tp4 0 174527 3987010 3855715 2026-09-09T22:26:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Lutter am Barenberge (commune generale)]] ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3855715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2024|10}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutter am Barenberge''' est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. == Communia pertinentes == Ad Lutter am Barenberge communia [[Hahausen]] (841 incolarum), [[Lutter am Barenberge]] (2290) atque [[Wallmoden]] (967) pertinent. == Historia == Commune generale anno [[1974]] constituta est. {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lutter am Barenberge commune generale}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] d0ffk49xbrc4zxsntm7jjzy7xly1l9k 3987014 3987010 2026-09-09T22:35:33Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2024|10}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutterun'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Lutter am Barenberge'') est pristinum commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]], Lutterun commune generale dissolutum est et eius communia vici urbis [[Langelshemii]] facta sunt. == Communia pertinentia == Ad Lutterun pristina communia [[Hahusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (841 incolarum), [[Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (2290) atque [[Wallmoden]] (967) pertinebant. == Historia == Commune generale anno [[1974]] constituta est. Dissoluto communi generali anno 2021, omnia haec communia supra dicta vici urbis [[Langelshemii]] facta sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lutterun commune generale}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] joqplw8o7q1zylenvwjarr1s66olp92 3987015 3987014 2026-09-09T22:36:04Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2024|10}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutterun'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Lutter am Barenberge'') est pristinum commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]], Lutterun commune generale dissolutum est et eius communia vici urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta sunt. == Communia pertinentia == Ad Lutterun pristina communia [[Hahusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (841 incolarum), [[Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (2290) atque [[Wallmoden]] (967) pertinebant. == Historia == Commune generale anno [[1974]] constituta est. Dissoluto communi generali anno 2021, omnia haec communia supra dicta vici urbis [[Langelshemii]] facta sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lutterun commune generale}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] 8lzi32y4codvd8l0tayi46ygnhzk93i 3987016 3987015 2026-09-09T22:36:43Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Historia */ 3987016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2024|10}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutterun'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Lutter am Barenberge'') est pristinum commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]], Lutterun commune generale dissolutum est et eius communia vici urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta sunt. == Communia pertinentia == Ad Lutterun pristina communia [[Hahusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (841 incolarum), [[Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (2290) atque [[Wallmoden]] (967) pertinebant. == Historia == Commune generale anno [[1974]] constituta est. Dissoluto communi generali anno 2021, omnia haec communia supra dicta vici urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lutterun commune generale}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] r7wa67dwetimb6snym7p85bk9d57htj 3987026 3987016 2026-09-09T23:13:18Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2024|10}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutterun'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...) ''Walmde Antiquum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Lutter am Barenberge'') est pristinum commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]], Lutterun commune generale dissolutum est et eius communia vici urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta sunt. == Communia pertinentia == Ad Lutterun pristina communia [[Hahusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (841 incolarum), [[Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (2290) atque [[Walmde]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (967) pertinebant. == Historia == Commune generale anno [[1974]] constituta est. Dissoluto communi generali anno 2021, omnia haec communia supra dicta vici urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lutterun commune generale}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] lin2f4jsa3vru219klow81tnc3c4kp0 0 174567 3986984 3958590 2026-09-09T20:46:17Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Hahausen]] ad [[Hahusa]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3958590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Hahausen''' est [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] in [[Harthici montes|Harthicis]] situm, ad quod [[vicus|vici]] Neuekrug et Ödishausen pertinent. Ex anno [[1974]], Hahausen ad [[Lutter am Barenberge (commune generale)|Lutter am Barenberge]] commune generale pertinet. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Population Statistics Hahausen.svg|thumb|175px|left|Numeri incolarum.]] Hahausen anno [[1021]] primo in actis [[imperator]]is [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henrici II]] descripta est.<ref>[http://www.hahausen-harz.de/chronik/urkunden.htm Situs proprius communis Hachhausen]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] facta est et annis a [[1807]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translata est, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad commune generale Lutter accessit. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.hahausen.de Pagina communis Hahausen (lingua Theodisca)] * [http://www.hahausen-harz.de Pagina communis Hahausen altera (lingua Theodisca)] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] ja26uzae9umk5yr8eca54hpmto7b052 3986990 3986984 2026-09-09T21:13:30Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Hahusa'''<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> est pristinum [[commune]] et praesens vicus communis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiori]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] in [[Harthici montes|Harthicis]] situs, ad quem viculus [[Nova Caupona]]<ref name="Nova Caupona">''Neuekrug'' interpretari licet "Nova Caupona". Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Neue-'' Latino adiectivo "novus, -a, -um" redditur; cf. Langenscheidt, ''Deutsch–Lateinisches Wörterbuch'', s. v. ''neu''. ''Krug'', ubi ''Schenke, Wirtshaus'' significat, Latine "caupona, -ae" f. redditur; cf. Georges, ''Kleines deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch'', s. v. ''Krug''.</ref> pertinet. Ex anno [[1974]], Hahusa ad [[Lutter am Barenberge (commune generale)|Lutter am Barenberge]] commune generale pertinebat. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto communi generali, Hahusa vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Population Statistics Hahausen.svg|thumb|175px|left|Numeri incolarum.]] Hahusa anno [[1021]] primo in actis [[imperator]]is [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henrici II]] descripta est.<ref>[http://www.hahausen-harz.de/chronik/urkunden.htm Situs proprius vici Hahusae]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] facta est et annis a [[1807]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translata est, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad commune generale Lutter accessit. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto communi generali, Hahusa vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hahausen|Hahusam}} * [http://www.hahausen.de Pagina vici Hahusae (Theodisce)] * [http://www.hahausen-harz.de Pagina communis Hahusae altera (Theodisce)] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] ra12ip9ujah1awez4vqrq1mq2b5ozua 3987002 3986990 2026-09-09T22:13:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Hahusa'''<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> est pristinum [[commune]] et praesens vicus communis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiori]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] in [[Harthici montes|Harthicis]] situs, ad quem viculus [[Nova Caupona]]<ref name="Nova Caupona">''Neuekrug'' interpretari licet "Nova Caupona". Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Neue-'' Latino adiectivo "novus, -a, -um" redditur; cf. Langenscheidt, ''Deutsch–Lateinisches Wörterbuch'', s. v. ''neu''. ''Krug'', ubi ''Schenke, Wirtshaus'' significat, Latine "caupona, -ae" f. redditur; cf. Georges, ''Kleines deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch'', s. v. ''Krug''.</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuekrug'') pertinet. Ex anno [[1974]], Hahusa ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)|Lutterun]] commune generale pertinebat. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Hahusa vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Population Statistics Hahausen.svg|thumb|175px|left|Numeri incolarum.]] Hahusa anno [[1021]] primo in actis [[imperator]]is [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henrici II]] descripta est.<ref>[http://www.hahausen-harz.de/chronik/urkunden.htm Situs proprius vici Hahusae]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] facta est et annis a [[1807]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translata est, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad commune generale Lutterun accessit. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto communi generali, Hahusa vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hahausen|Hahusam}} * [http://www.hahausen.de Pagina vici Hahusae (Theodisce)] * [http://www.hahausen-harz.de Pagina communis Hahusae altera (Theodisce)] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 29pp1dx50rifa6977zx80gzu43is32r 0 174583 3987004 3505482 2026-09-09T22:15:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Lutter am Barenberge]] ad [[Lutterun]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3505482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutter am Barenberge''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. Ad Lutter etiam vici Nauen et Ostlutter pertinent. Ab anno [[1974]] Lutter am Barenberge ad [[Lutter am Barenberge (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] commune generale pertinet. == Historia == Lutter am Barenberge anno [[956]] ab imperatore [[Otto I (imperator)|Ottone I]] condita est pars abbatiae [[Gandersum|Gandersi]]. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] facta est. Die [[27 Augusti]] [[1626]] ibi pugna magna [[Bellum tricennale|Belli tricennalis]] apud Lutter facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translata est, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est<ref>Solum pars Ostlutter anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pervenit, deinde ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e facta est et cum circulo Goslariensi anno [[1941]] ad Brunsvicum translatum est.</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad commune generale Lutter accessit. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.sg-lutter.de Pagina communis generalis Lutter (lingua Theodisca)] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 956]] gp02fqchy7ze13mimtwth2nvlokk23c 3987008 3987004 2026-09-09T22:25:43Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutterun'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''jus silve, que vulgariter Ludandal dicitur'' (...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Lutter am Barenberge'') est pristinum [[commune]] et praesens vicus communis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiori]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] situs. Ad Lutterun etiam viculi [[Naun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Nauen'') et [[Ostluttera]]<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> pertinent. Ab anno [[1974]] Lutterun ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] commune generale pertinebat. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Lutterun vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] factum est. == Historia == Lutterun anno [[956]] ab imperatore [[Otto I (imperator)|Ottone I]] conditum est pars abbatiae [[Gandersum|Gandersi]]. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] factum est. Die [[27 Augusti]] [[1626]] ibi pugna magna [[Bellum tricennale|Belli tricennalis]] apud Lutterun facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translatum est, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est<ref>Solum pars Ostluttera anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pervenit, deinde ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e facta est et cum circulo Goslariensi anno [[1941]] ad Brunsvicum translata est.</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad commune generale Lutterun accessit. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Lutterun vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] factum est. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Lutter am Barenberge|Lutterun}} * [http://www.sg-lutter.de Pagina communis generalis Lutter (lingua Theodisca)] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 956]] svomrzxn8phu1urc764th63fe3vlf43 0 174597 3987018 3505483 2026-09-09T22:54:30Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Wallmoden]] ad [[Walmde]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3505483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Wallmoden''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. Wallmoden vicis Alt Wallmoden, Bodenstein und Neuwallmoden constat. Ab anno [[1974]] Wallmoden ad [[Lutter am Barenberge (commune generale)|Lutter am Barenberge]] commune generale pertinet. == Historia == Wallmoden anno [[1016]] primo in actis descripta est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] facta est et annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum Bodenstein et Altwallmoden ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translata sunt, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est<ref>Solum pars Altwallmoden anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pervenit, deinde ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e facta est et cum circulo Goslariensi anno [[1941]] ad Brunsvicum translatum est.</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad commune generale Lutter accessit. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.sg-lutter.de Pagina communis generalis Lutter (lingua Theodisca)] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] eqmw3g4tsi8i18epo4u1ky4q41rz7bp 3987023 3987018 2026-09-09T23:10:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Walmde'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) ''Walmde Antiquum'' (...)".</ref> est pristinum [[commune]] et praesens vicus communis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiori]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] situs. Walmde vicis [[Walmde Antiquum|Walmdi Antiquo]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Alt Wallmoden''), [[Bodenstenium|Bodenstenio]]<ref name="-stein">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stenium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Bodenstein'') et [[Walmde Novum|Walmdi Novo]]<ref name="NOB X"/><ref name="Novus-a-um">Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Neue-'' Latino adiectivo "novus, -a, -um" redditur; cf. Langenscheidt, ''Deutsch–Lateinisches Wörterbuch'', s. v. ''neu''.</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuwallmoden'') constat. Ab anno [[1974]] Walmde ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)|Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> commune generale pertinebat. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Walmde vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] factum est. == Historia == Walmde anno [[1016]] primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] factum est et annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum Bodenstenium et Walmde Antiquum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translata sunt, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est<ref>Solum pars Walmdis Antiqui anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pervenit, deinde ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e factum est et cum circulo Goslariensi anno [[1941]] ad Brunsvicum translatum est.</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)|commune generale Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> accessit. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Walmde vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] factum est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Wallmoden|Walmde}} * [http://www.sg-lutter.de Pagina communis generalis Lutterunis (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] q780s453fkn2ylsnvqsf1yeq889y499 3987024 3987023 2026-09-09T23:11:33Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Walmde'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) ''Walmde Antiquum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Wallmoden'') est pristinum [[commune]] et praesens vicus communis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiori]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] situs. Walmde vicis [[Walmde Antiquum|Walmdi Antiquo]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Alt Wallmoden''), [[Bodenstenium|Bodenstenio]]<ref name="-stein">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stenium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Bodenstein'') et [[Walmde Novum|Walmdi Novo]]<ref name="NOB X"/><ref name="Novus-a-um">Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Neue-'' Latino adiectivo "novus, -a, -um" redditur; cf. Langenscheidt, ''Deutsch–Lateinisches Wörterbuch'', s. v. ''neu''.</ref> (Theodisce ''Neuwallmoden'') constat. Ab anno [[1974]] Walmde ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)|Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> commune generale pertinebat. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Walmde vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] factum est. == Historia == Walmde anno [[1016]] primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] factum est et annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum Bodenstenium et Walmde Antiquum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translata sunt, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est<ref>Solum pars Walmdis Antiqui anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pervenit, deinde ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e factum est et cum circulo Goslariensi anno [[1941]] ad Brunsvicum translatum est.</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)|commune generale Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> accessit. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Walmde vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] factum est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Wallmoden|Walmde}} * [http://www.sg-lutter.de Pagina communis generalis Lutterunis (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 3whvsjp3wag4n4c76ekluixrg1o3bjz 0 175930 3986851 3984394 2026-09-09T12:35:58Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Herrum'''<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> seu '''Herre'''<ref name="Herrum"/> seu '''Here'''<ref name="Herrum"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Jägerturm.jpg|thumb|left|Turris venatorum Herri sita.]] Herrum die [[7 Februarii]] [[1131]] nomine ''Herre'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea Herrum possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est, sed annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Herrum pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]], ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] erat. Anno [[1866]] ut totum Regnum Hannoveranum ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit. Anno [[1941]] cum [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] pars [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] et anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad Circulum Guelpherbytensem et [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]] commune generale pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Heere|Herrum}} * [http://www.baddeckenstedt.de/ Pagina communis generalis Baddekenstedii] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] serksllmemiak5l517yjbcrmouevkgg 0 197034 3986969 3941602 2026-09-09T19:22:02Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986969 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Schloss_Rheinweiler_1.JPG|thumb|200px|Bellosinga sive Bellinkon: [[castellum]] Rheinweiler.]] '''Bellosinga'''<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723).''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium: ordine chronologico digestum''. Lipsiae: Typis et Sumptibus Joannis Beniaminis Andreae.</ref> sive '''Bellinkon'''<ref>Vide [https://francia.ahlfeldt.se/page/documents/13910 ''Regnum Francorum''], ubi dicitur "(...) Bad Bellingen , as possession ''in villis Hasela et zo Bellinkon situm, in pago autem Brysichgowe'' (...)".</ref> (''Bad Bellingen'') est commune et [[vicus]] [[Badenia-Virtembergia|Badensis-Virtembergensis]] 4504 incolarum (anno [[2020]]). Ut Theodiscum nomen indicat, ibi sunt [[thermae]]. == Clari cives== * [[Gulielmus Stächele]] (Willi) ([[1951]]), [[politicus]] ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index Communium Badeniae-Virtembergiae]] == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|Bad Bellingen|Bellosingam}} * [http://www.gemeinde-bad-bellingen.de/ Communis pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Badeniae-Virtembergiae]] [[Categoria:Thermae Badeniae-Virtembergiae]] 7hizfzzar6k6j7sobup8o1tvhcjiu35 0 198188 3987078 3986618 2026-09-10T11:48:23Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]] '''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Luchoviensis-e" et "Danebergensis" ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)"; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[Polabice]] ''Vokres Ljauchüw-Wajdars''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]]. == Historia == Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Danenbergensis conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. == Coniunctiones == Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum * [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione * [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001) == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Gartovia (commune generale)|Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'') commune generale (3700) ** [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'') oppidum (1362) ** [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'') (634) ** [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'') (645) ** [[Prezelle]] (473) ** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586) * [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675) ** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589) ** [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446) ** [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'') (1362) ** [[Lemgow]] (1408) ** [[Lübbow]] (836) ** [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401) ** [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] (634) ** [[Schnega]] (1354) ** [[Trebel]] (953) ** [[Waddeweitz]] (906) ** [[Woltersdorf]] (939) ** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847) * [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Prata Albis]]<ref name="Prata Albis">Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale "Prata" Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. "Aue")''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum "[[Albis]]" Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale (20.707 incolae) ** [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317) ** [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''), urbs (8081) ** [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'') (635) ** [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'') (1225) ** [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci''), urbs (4933) ** [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'') (1071) ** [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'') (742) ** [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'') (719) ** [[Neu Darchau]] (1396) ** [[Zernien]] (1588) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}} * [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1932]] keghak8yw3fo8zh3fssji19hortoxha 0 198193 3987077 3986266 2026-09-10T11:47:21Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Prata Albis'''<ref name="Prata Albis">Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale "Prata" Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. "Aue")''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum "[[Albis]]" Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Prata Albis communia [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317 incolae), [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'') urbs (8081, sedes administrationis), [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'') (635), [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'') (1225), [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'') (4933), [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'') (1071), [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'') (742), [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'') (719), [[Neu Darchau]] (1396) atque [[Zernien]] (1588) pertinent. == Historia == Commune generale Prata Albis anno [[2006]] e communibus generalis Dannenbergae<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> et Hitgerae<ref name="Graesse"/> constitutum est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.elbtalaue.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Pratorum Albis] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 2006]] exs1s7zhbd8vm4f44e1xbyhjqlfpqeo 0 198300 3987071 3979479 2026-09-10T11:16:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Langendorf]] ad [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3979479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Langendorf''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Langendorf vici Kaltenhof, Brandleben, Cacherein, Langendorf, Grippel, Pretzetze atque Laase pertinent. Langendorf pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est. == Historia == Langendorf pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Langendorf ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Langendorf adiuncti sunt. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170426060055/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5937/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Langendorf scripta] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] bkrenm7qbggjomscga4yofduh7y5owh 3987075 3987071 2026-09-10T11:44:00Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Longa Villa'''<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Longam Villam vici [[Brandleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Brandleben''), [[Cacherinum]]<ref name="-inum">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ein'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-inum-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ein''' : -''īnum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Kacherein'' seu ''Cacherein''), [[Frigida Curia (Longa Villa)|Frigida Curia]]<ref name="Frigida Curia">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kaltenhof'' Latino toponymo "Frigida Curia" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://hup.sub.uni-hamburg.de/oa-pub/catalog/download/111/ebook/579?inline=1&utm ''Das Protokoll des Lübecker Domkapitels 1544–1549''], ubi dicitur "(...) Kaltenhof (''Frigida Curia'') (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Kaltenhof''), [[Grippel]] (Theodisce ''Grippel''), [[Laasa]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Laase''), [[Longa Villa (caput communis)|Longa Villa]] (Theodisce ''Langendorf'') atque [[Pretzetza]]<ref name="-e"/> (Theodisce ''Pretzetze'') pertinent. Longa Villa pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est. == Historia == Longa Villa pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Longa Villa ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Longam Villam adiuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Langendorf (Elbe)|Longam Villam}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170426060055/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5937/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Longa Villa scripta] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] mh90n3k3wscg9ra2w8a8q94fanto2et 3987076 3987075 2026-09-10T11:44:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Longa Villa'''<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Longam Villam vici [[Brandleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Brandleben''), [[Cacherinum]]<ref name="-inum">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ein'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-inum-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ein''' : -''īnum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Kacherein'' seu ''Cacherein''), [[Frigida Curia (Longa Villa)|Frigida Curia]]<ref name="Frigida Curia">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kaltenhof'' Latino toponymo "Frigida Curia" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://hup.sub.uni-hamburg.de/oa-pub/catalog/download/111/ebook/579?inline=1&utm ''Das Protokoll des Lübecker Domkapitels 1544–1549''], ubi dicitur "(...) Kaltenhof (''Frigida Curia'') (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Kaltenhof''), [[Grippel]] (Theodisce ''Grippel''), [[Laasa]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Laase''), [[Longa Villa (caput communis)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa"/> (Theodisce ''Langendorf'') atque [[Pretzetza]]<ref name="-e"/> (Theodisce ''Pretzetze'') pertinent. Longa Villa pars communis generalis [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] est. == Historia == Longa Villa pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Longa Villa ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Pratorum Albis]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Longam Villam adiuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Langendorf (Elbe)|Longam Villam}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170426060055/http://www.elbtalaue.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5937/ Pagina communis generalis Pratorum Albis de Longa Villa scripta] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] sed46h43ydyukw7ftpl9duoktr6xqtf 2 205390 3986924 3986654 2026-09-09T16:05:13Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movent), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm, apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref name=dulwich/> * ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]<ref name=biesboer/> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]</ref> * ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 488rjo8l5no4kt8i4x9umwmyd5dup8w 3986930 3986924 2026-09-09T16:29:43Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Biographia */ 3986930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Vanitas cum fidiculis, calva et argenti vaso'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm, apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref name=dulwich/> * ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]<ref name=biesboer/> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]</ref> * ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 1qritgd1964awxu73qoyixsoqt5f9vd 3986931 3986930 2026-09-09T16:51:44Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Opera */ 3986931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleis in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 63,5 x 75 cm * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm, apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref name=dulwich/> * ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]<ref name=biesboer/> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]</ref> * ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> q5dte76ljs4jx2cz5yl134qq9veuhzo 3986932 3986931 2026-09-09T16:54:37Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum citrullo lanato]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleum in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleum in linteo, 61,2x48,3 cm, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Washington]] * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm, apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref name=dulwich/> * ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]<ref name=biesboer/> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]</ref> * ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> irp43rj5bm9801pbi6krlj9mms66qx5 3986934 3986932 2026-09-09T16:57:43Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleum in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleum in linteo, 61,2x48,3 cm, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Washington]] * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm, apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref name=dulwich/> * ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]<ref name=biesboer/> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]</ref> * ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 37gangowp8407fjbgecm2c0ld8fk8c1 3986935 3986934 2026-09-09T17:03:17Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleum in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleum in linteo, 61,2x48,3 cm, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Washington]] * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Marie Smyth'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 136,84 x 68,1 cm, apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref name=dulwich/> * ''Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul'', [[pictura]], 45,7 x 63,5 cm, 1649, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dune_Landscape_with_Road_and_Church_by_Guillam_Dubois_Mauritshuis_799.jpg Topia con viatoribus ac ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Rijngesigje ([[Rhenus|Rheni]] despectus)'', [[pictura]], apud Petri Boll Collectionem, [[Harlemum|Harlemi]]<ref name=biesboer/> * ''[[Rhenus|Rheni]] regionis despectus cum castello viatoribusque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 79,8 x 102,2 cm, post annum [[1653]], apud [[Pinacotheca Dulvicensis|Pinacothecam Dulvicensem]], [[Dulwich]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Wtewael_Hirte_mit_Sackpfeife1596_1660.jpg Caprarius cum tibiis infixis utricolo - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Still_Life_with_Flowers_after.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus et papilione - Communia]</ref> * ''Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, apud collectanea privata<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 1fqa1ze7z8736sp4pqo1t03cdv5henk 3986937 3986935 2026-09-09T17:33:41Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleum in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleum in linteo, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', Oleum in linteo, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Isaac Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', Oleum in linteo, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', Oleum in linteo, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filisque Rubens Peale'', Oleum in linteo, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', Oleum in linteo, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud collectanea privata<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_Vanitas-Stilleben.jpg Vanitas cum calva et heliotropio - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 739liblweef4p8s4wsfngnn3wyy4hbz 3986939 3986937 2026-09-09T17:36:55Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841), Oleum in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleum in linteo, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', Oleum in linteo, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Isaac Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', Oleum in linteo, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', Oleum in linteo, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filisque Rubens Peale'', Oleum in linteo, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', Oleum in linteo, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> lve669wtnmdzq7oy8hp9jjfbfhfd2uw 3986940 3986939 2026-09-09T17:39:38Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleum in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleum in linteo, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', Oleum in linteo, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Isaac Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', Oleum in linteo, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', Oleum in linteo, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filisque Rubens Peale'', Oleum in linteo, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', Oleum in linteo, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 1670 fere, apud [[Palatium Pittianum]], [[Florentia]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwijk_-_Flowers_and_Fruit_-_WGA16657.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus pomisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 9l5d5u0i8fldbvtxeycpk9co2rozlaa 3986941 3986940 2026-09-09T17:43:43Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleum in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleum in linteo, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', Oleum in linteo, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', Oleum in linteo, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', Oleum in linteo, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', Oleum in linteo, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', Oleum in linteo, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', Oleum in linteo, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 6q84cj26rauhydmf3rcfv1ocbkb7l2j 3986942 3986941 2026-09-09T17:48:11Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleum in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleum in linteo, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', Oleum in linteo, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', Oleum in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', Oleum in linteo, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', Oleum in linteo, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', Oleum in linteo, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', Oleum in linteo, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', Oleum in linteo, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', Oleum in linteo, 62 x 47,5 cm, 1670-1675, apud Mauritshuis, [[Haga]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Flowers_in_a_Decorative_Vase,_Oosterwijck.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus in vaso scite ornato - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, deorsum in media pictura obsignata ''Maria Va Oosterwijck Aº 1675'', 90,4 x 80,7 cm, 1675<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MARIA_VAN_OOSTERWIJCK_NOOTDORP_1630_-_1693_UITDAM_A_FLORAL_STILL_LIFE.jpg Natura mortua cum vaso florum, citreo papilioneque - Communia]</ref> * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> cm0w5alm4j22owi4icfs6s859stgus8 3986967 3986942 2026-09-09T19:20:12Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleo in linteo, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', Oleo in linteo, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', Oleo in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', Oleo in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', Oleum in linteo, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', Oleo in linteo, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', Oleo in linteo, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', Oleo in linteo, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', Oleo in linteo, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', Oleo in linteo, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', Oleo in linteo, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque'', [[pictura]] supra tela cum pigmento oleario, 73,6 x 55,8 cm, 1670 fere, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> f47pvjxghmt9kebgf01nl43zarh4pel 3986970 3986967 2026-09-09T19:23:33Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleo in linteo, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', Oleo in linteo, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', Oleo in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', Oleo in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', Oleum in linteo, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', Oleo in linteo, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', Oleo in linteo, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', Oleo in linteo, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', Oleo in linteo, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', Oleo in linteo, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', Oleo in linteo, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies a se picta'', Oleo in linteo, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, apud Museum Artis Denverii, [[Denverium (Coloratum)|Denverii]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_van_Oosterwyck_-_Bouquet_of_Flowers_in_a_Vase_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Natura mortua cum floribus, heliotropio insectisque - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia montana cum viatoribus et cane ab laeva'', [[pictura]] supra tabula cum pigmento oleario, 36 x 32 cm, 1654 fere, apud [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus'', [[pictura]] in tabula cum pigmento oleario, 47 x 63,5 cm, antea [[Iacobus de Ruysdael|Iacobo de Ruysdael]] adscripta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_WOODED_LANDSCAPE_WITH_TRAVELERS_ON_A_PATH.png Topia nemorosa cum viatoribus - Communia]</ref> * ''Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul'', delineatio, 1650 fere, apud [[Centrum Getty]], [[Angelopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guillam_Dubois_-_Village_Path_with_Church_Spire_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Pagi semita cum ecclesia procul - Communia]</ref> * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 2331k47ihwzzvpppaqt58enqi4c7a1z 3986976 3986970 2026-09-09T20:17:52Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in linteo, 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxor Gulielmi Crane'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolotta Ramsay Bobinson'', [[pictura olearia]] in linteo delineatio, figura ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> i5i6yixndhsup4i3ipsyziz65jirh1o 3986992 3986976 2026-09-09T21:28:08Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxor Gulielmi Crane'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolotta Ramsay Bobinson'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, figura ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Roberti von der Pfalz effigies'', chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 18,6 x 16,4 cm, apud Artium Museum, [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopolis]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Rupert_von_der_Pfalz.jpg Roberti von der Pfalz effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Argumentum marinum'', [[pictura]] cum penicillo et atramento, dextra deorsum obsignata ''R. Zeeman''<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeeman,_marine.jpg Argumentum marinum - Communia]</ref> * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> tdszrdoo01y770sornnk3jvyjnxq30l 3986993 3986992 2026-09-09T21:42:56Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxor Gulielmi Crane'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, figura ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomas Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Davidis Clarkson effigies'', chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, 1696 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> e88trwlhwoaoj782lexhr2yc094rrdb 3986994 3986993 2026-09-09T21:49:45Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxor Gulielmi Crane'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Alexander Gibson, Dominus Durie'', chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690 * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> pb6vkwjtx98k1raihpv1x37wbnt0wmm 3986998 3986994 2026-09-09T22:05:52Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Anna Maria Smyth'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susanna Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannes Neal'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxor filiusque Rubens Peale'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Elias Bosley (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''José Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxor Gulielmi Crane'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 7x1z7x59jl4yeh3sitfppjq2ovqureb 3986999 3986998 2026-09-09T22:10:37Z Maria.martelli 20183 3986999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> dp6c1p75nld7ctty48680ne92he0d0s 3987001 3986999 2026-09-09T22:13:40Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Honores */ 3987001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsylvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> mu00i291r8bzigpzdx8lvraspks20ej 3987009 3987001 2026-09-09T22:26:14Z Maria.martelli 20183 3987009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | work= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | urlarchive = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote= Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essentnia Academy. | url= dead}}</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 1kod9f55u2s7dg03ajau4oampnm4qi2 3987013 3987009 2026-09-09T22:34:21Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Honores */ 3987013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote = Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 4gdywfssv2ooke0yb6boyrhjfufpjc4 3987020 3987013 2026-09-09T22:56:16Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Honores */ 3987020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | url-status= dead}}</ref>, ob hanc causam: " Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent". == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> tbh0ah1kk42itc28od2bs6mjja7wgna 3987021 3987020 2026-09-09T22:58:35Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Honores */ 3987021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php?title=HERDT|author=|author2=|title=HERDT (o HERTZ) (de) Jan|accesso=31 Ianuarii 2020|work=ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIXIENSES|year=2020|language=}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> k4qh4na2eb1i2ul63odud6t6nnucoto 3987022 3987021 2026-09-09T23:06:17Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Bibliographia */ 3987022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1679|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Helmer J. Helmers|coauthors=|title=The Royalist Republic|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Royalist_Republic/QZqiBQAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]|year=2015|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|page=142|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 86kurw38dc7ly591vqoxw4esb2g2t2a 3987025 3987022 2026-09-09T23:13:12Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Bibliographia */ 3987025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sam Segal|coauthors=Klara Allen|title=Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces|url=https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dutch_and_Flemish_Flower_Pieces_2_vols_i/rmgCEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Vincent+van+der+Vinne&pg=PA828&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|editor=Brill Hes & De Graaf|year=2020|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|page=536|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 880vimzko8z952xehdmkeya1uiaegxr 3987028 3987025 2026-09-09T23:18:12Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Bibliographia */ 3987028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> p8q5vke5ul0vv0p0i6z4edyjwho2rdt 3987030 3987028 2026-09-09T23:21:25Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Bibliographia */ 3987030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vincent Laurensz. van der Vinne (I)|Vincentium Laurensz. van der Vinne I}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 5pizrlogratckbrv9j5e3ssrnyyndr2 3987031 3987030 2026-09-09T23:25:02Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Nexus externi */ 3987031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1625|1680|Vinne, Vincentius Laurensz. I}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> lua8b27rograc5d2gctpe7d57czpol9 3987033 3987031 2026-09-09T23:30:43Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Nexus externi */ 3987033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{Find a Grave|22652252}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 8n71ponshqskmoo6viqjit0mpglww23 3987035 3987033 2026-09-09T23:35:53Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Nexus externi */ 3987035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=*{{cita web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|titolo=Galleria di opere}} nel sito Athenaeum, Acceduto nel gennaio 2010 *{{url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cita web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|titolo=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 1d8xz21qhgtluvle3wnter7gtx0fh8r 3987036 3987035 2026-09-09T23:36:47Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Nexus externi */ 3987036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cita web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|titolo=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 1vllovm8f996gd0pks05cjnl8572o1m 3987037 3987036 2026-09-09T23:38:21Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Nexus externi */ 3987037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> bfdks8m2t9lzxoy1il20qw492qb4nwd 3987038 3987037 2026-09-09T23:42:54Z Maria.martelli 20183 3987038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|title=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year=2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> 3bpqq4kmpj2gjx2gxqekwoxiqaipj4i 0 207276 3986915 3895406 2026-09-09T15:54:01Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Velum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Chiesa parrocchiale di Velo Veronese in notturna.jpg|thumb|Ecclesia paroecialis]] '''Velum'''<ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[Velum (Provincia Veronensis)|Velo Veronese]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[regio Italiae|regione]] [[Venetia (regio)|Venetia]] et in [[Provincia Veronensis|provincia Veronensi]] situm. Incolae ''Velenses'' appellantur. == Ethnográphia == Gentes Velenses [[lingua Cimbrica]] loquuntur. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222111842/http://www.veloveronese.net/ Pagina officialis] {{CommuniaCat|Velo Veronese|Velum}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Veronae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Theodiscae]] eatnhmbp9v1yul2y0s7hpknfnfvfh0l 0 216135 3986898 3986773 2026-09-09T14:55:09Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langelsheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' <small>(b.Bremerhaven)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] <small>(Emsland)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langeoog]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langlingen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] snandafkl61mtdlr6wp0ry52u22k6l5 3987040 3986898 2026-09-09T23:53:26Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987040 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')</small> * [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')</small> * [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langeoog]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langlingen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] 4kg1gfzgg06jvey6zeby9sjqpijppge 3987053 3987040 2026-09-10T05:12:40Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987053 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')</small> * [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')</small> * [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langeoog]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langlingen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] 2c6msab0v5ck46wjokcmv8szzvkfdhl 3987079 3987053 2026-09-10T11:48:34Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987079 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')</small> * [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')</small> * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langeoog]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langlingen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'')</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] n340kcsh40w8bp34gtnctijbxp2gs8c 0 216933 3986913 3890305 2026-09-09T15:52:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum */ 3986913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aulus Atilius C.f. Serranus''' (natus saeculo 3 a.C.n., mortuus post annum [[170 a.C.n.]]) vir publicus [[Imperium Romanum|Romanus]] fuit. == Cursus honorum == Atilius anno [[194 a.C.n.]] [[aedilis|aedilis curulis]] [[Ludi Megalenses|Ludos Megalenses]] primus fabulis scaenicis celebravit, in quibus [[Senatus Romanus|senatores]] sedes proprias habuerunt. Anno [[192 a.C.n.|192]] [[praetor]] in [[Graecia]] contra [[Nabis (Rex Spartae)|Nabim]] regem [[Sparta]]e certavit et anno sequente praefectus classis fuit. Anno [[173 a.C.n.|173]] [[praetor]] II urbanus foedus cum [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes|Antiocho IV Epiphane]] rege renovavit, anno [[172 a.C.n.|172]] legatus ad [[Perses (Macedonum rex)|Persem]] regem Macedonum missus est et initium belli distulit<ref>[[Titus Livius]], ''Ab urbe condita'' XLII 38-43; 47</ref>. Legatus anno [[171 a.C.n.|171]] [[Larissa]]m expugnavit. Anno [[170 a.C.n.|170]] una cum [[Aulus Hostilius L.f. Mancinus|Aulo Hostilio L.f. Mancino]] consul erat et Italiam provinciam accepit. == Bibliographia == * {{DNP|2|213||[I 24] A. Serranus, A.|Carolus-Ludovicus Elvers}} == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{Index consulum rei publicae| praedecessores=[[Publius Licinius C.f. Crassus]] et [[Gaius Cassius C.f. Longinus]]| annus= 170 a.C.n.<br />cum<br />[[Aulus Hostilius L.f. Mancinus|Aulo Hostilio L.f. Mancino]]| successores=[[Quintus Marcius Philippus|Quintus Marcius L.f. Philippus]] II et [[Gnaeus Servilius Cn.f. Caepio (consul 169 a.C.n.)|Gnaeus Servilius Cn.f. Caepio]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 3 a.C.n.|saeculo 2 a.C.n.|Atilius Serranus, Aulus C.f.}} [[Categoria:Gens Atilia|Serranus, Aulus C.f.]] [[Categoria:Senatores]] [[Categoria:Praetores]] lcev1a5riuriy24wuz7od369t6rmuh6 0 221205 3986900 3878307 2026-09-09T15:17:40Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3986900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Forest of synthetic pyramidal dendrites grown using Cajal's laws of neuronal branching.png|thumb|350px|[[Silva]] [[dendritum|dendritorum]] [[cellula pyramidalis|pyramidalium]] syntheticorum in silico per [[lex|leges]] ramificationis [[neuron]]orum [[Sanctus Iacobus Ramón y Cajal|Sancti Iacobi Ramón y Cajal]] culta.]] "'''In silico'''" est locutio 'per [[computatrum]] vel [[simulatio computatralis|simulationem computatralem]] actum' significans. Quae anno [[1989]] facta est pro [[analogia]] ''[[in vivo]],'' ''[[in vitro]],'' et ''[[in situ]],'' locutionum [[lingua Latina|Latinarum]] quae in [[biologia]] late adhibentur (vide etiam [[biologia systematum]]). Ad [[experimentum|experimenta]] in [[organismus|organismis]] [[vita|vivis]], extra organismos vivos, et ubicumque in [[natura]] inveniuntur proprie attingunt. <!--PLUS IN EN:--> {{NexInt}}<!-- *[[Virtual screening]] *[[Computational biology]] *[[Computational biomodeling]] *[[Computer experiment]] *[[Folding@home]] *[[Nonclinical studies]] *[[List of software for molecular mechanics modeling|''In silico'' molecular design programs]]--> *[[Ex vivo]] *[[Exemplar cellulare]] *[[Informatio genetica]] *[[In utero]] *[[In papyro]] *[[In natura]] *[[In simulacra]] *[[Medicina in silico]]<!-- ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> --> ==Nexus externi== {{wiktionary}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120330200549/http://www.cadaster.eu/ Cadaster,] www.cadaster.eu <!--Seventh Framework Programme, project aimed to develop in silico computational methods to minimize experimental tests for REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals)--> *[http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-ins1.htm ''In silico,''] www.worldwidewords.org *[https://web.archive.org/web/20201021191307/https://www.insilicobiologyjournal.com/ ''In Silico Biology: Journal of Biological Systems Modeling and Simulation,] www.insilicobiologyjournal.com *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130524084831/http://www.in-silico-pharmacology.com/ ''In Silico Pharmacology,''] www.in-silico-pharmacology.com {{DEFAULTSORT:In Silico}} [[Categoria:Locutiones]] <!--melius: Category:Latin biological phrases--> [[Categoria:Programmatura computatralis]]<!-- [[Category:Alternatives to animal testing]]--> dwf54x03ioe7zb9g5m67uxmznj6n7ih 0 226004 3986877 3986646 2026-09-09T14:05:24Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3986877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]] [[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]] {{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest. In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. == Receptoria tactus == Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: [[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]] * [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum) * [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]]) * [[Cellula Merkeliana]] * [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum * [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}</ref> (corpusculum tactus) == De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus == [[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneatus|nucleo cuneato]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medialis|lemnisci medialis]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum postcentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur. In capite neuronum primariorum corpora in [[ganglion Gasserianum|ganglione Gasseriano]] iacent. Inde informationem intra truncum ad complexum sensorium [[Nervus trigeminus|trigemini]] ducunt unde per lemniscum trigemini ad nucleum ventrosum posteriorem medium (VPM) thalami pervenit. [[Cortex somesthesicus primarius]] in gyro postcentrali quattuor [[area Brodmanniana|areas Brodmannianas]] comprehendit: 1, 2, 3a, 3b. Neurones secundum ordinem somatotopicum sese in corticem proiciunt (hoc est area quaedam corticis cuique membro respondet). In [[homunculus corticis|homunculo]] ita descripto manus cum digitis et os partem ingentem occupant cum volumine membrorum comparatam. Item apud [[mus|mures]] [[vibrissae]] cetera membra in cortice somesthesico multo superant. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Gray759.png|thumb|Via lemnisci medialis]] [[Fasciculus:Sensory Homunculus-en.svg|thumb|left|Homunculus sensorius]] *Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]", ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639 *Ian Darian Smith, "[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]", ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 **"[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]", ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788 *Matthew J. Hertenstein & Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica] *Roland S. Johansson & J. Randall Flanagan. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]", ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 *Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]", ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32 *Kenneth Johnson, "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]" in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583 *Jon H. Kaas, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]", ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518 *J. Kaas, C. Collins. "[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]", ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67 *Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]", ''Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459 *Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]", ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257 *David J. Linden, ''Touch: The Science of the Hand, Heart, and Mind'', Penguin, 2015 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=S8QcBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guiglum librorum] *Sanjeev S. Ranade, Ruhma Syeda, Ardem Patapoutian. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627315007266 Mechanically Activated Ion Channels]", ''Neuron'', 2015: 1162-1179 *Hannes P. Saal, Sliman J. Bensmaia. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166223614001556 Touch is a team effort: interplay of submodalities in cutaneous sensibility]", ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 2014: 689-697 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant {{NexInt}} * [[Pressio]] * [[Somatopsyche]] {{Biologia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Neurologia]] [[Categoria:Tactus| ]] 9wt7owx4qd6fts6sa78dmatbijkiid5 3986881 3986877 2026-09-09T14:11:56Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3986881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]] [[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]] {{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest. In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. == Receptoria tactus == Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: [[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]] * [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum) * [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]]) * [[Cellula Merkeliana]] * [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum * [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}</ref> (corpusculum tactus) == De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus == [[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneatus|nucleo cuneato]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medialis|lemnisci medialis]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum postcentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur. In capite neuronum primariorum corpora in [[ganglion Gasserianum|ganglione Gasseriano]] iacent. Inde informationem intra truncum ad complexum sensorium [[Nervus trigeminus|trigemini]] ducunt unde per lemniscum trigemini ad nucleum ventrosum posteriorem medium (VPM) thalami pervenit. [[Cortex somesthesicus primarius]] in gyro postcentrali quattuor [[area Brodmanniana|areas Brodmannianas]] comprehendit: 1, 2, 3a, 3b. Neurones secundum ordinem somatotopicum sese in corticem proiciunt (hoc est area quaedam corticis cuique membro respondet). In [[homunculus corticis|homunculo]] ita descripto manus cum digitis et os partem ingentem occupant cum volumine membrorum comparatam. Item apud [[mus|mures]] [[vibrissae]] cetera membra in cortice somesthesico multo superant. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Gray759.png|thumb|Via lemnisci medialis]] [[Fasciculus:Sensory Homunculus-en.svg|thumb|left|Homunculus sensorius]] *Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]", ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639 *Ian Darian Smith, "[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]", ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 **"[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]", ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788 *Matthew J. Hertenstein & Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica] *Roland S. Johansson & J. Randall Flanagan. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]", ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 *Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]", ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32 *Kenneth Johnson, "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]" in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583 *Jon H. Kaas, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]", ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518 *J. Kaas, C. Collins. "[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]", ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67 *Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]", ''Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459 *Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]", ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257 *David J. Linden, ''Touch: The Science of the Hand, Heart, and Mind'', Penguin, 2015 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=S8QcBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guiglum librorum] *Sanjeev S. Ranade, Ruhma Syeda, Ardem Patapoutian. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627315007266 Mechanically Activated Ion Channels]", ''Neuron'', 2015: 1162-1179 *Sanjeev S. Ranade, Seung-Hyun Woo, Adrienne E. Dubin, et alii. "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13980 Piezo2 is the major transducer of mechanical forces for touch sensation in mice]", Nature, 2014(516): 121-125 *Hannes P. Saal, Sliman J. Bensmaia. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166223614001556 Touch is a team effort: interplay of submodalities in cutaneous sensibility]", ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 2014: 689-697 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant {{NexInt}} * [[Pressio]] * [[Somatopsyche]] {{Biologia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Neurologia]] [[Categoria:Tactus| ]] k42ofqa4dcqieat740ba569uena2buc 3986886 3986881 2026-09-09T14:22:58Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus */ 3986886 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]] [[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkel'' in cute absconditi.]] {{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest. In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. == Receptoria tactus == Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: [[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]] * [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum) * [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]]) * [[Cellula Merkeliana]] * [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum * [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}</ref> (corpusculum tactus) == De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus == [[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneatus|nucleo cuneato]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medialis|lemnisci medialis]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum postcentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur. In capite neuronum primariorum corpora in [[ganglion Gasserianum|ganglione Gasseriano]] iacent. Inde informationem intra truncum ad complexum sensorium [[Nervus trigeminus|trigemini]] ducunt unde per lemniscum trigemini ad nucleum ventrosum posteriorem medium (VPM) thalami pervenit. [[Cortex somesthesicus primarius]] in gyro postcentrali quattuor [[area Brodmanniana|areas Brodmannianas]] comprehendit: 1, 2, 3a, 3b. Neurones secundum ordinem somatotopicum sese in corticem proiciunt (hoc est area quaedam corticis cuique membro respondet). In [[homunculus corticis|homunculo]] ita descripto manus cum digitis et os partem ingentem occupant cum volumine membrorum comparatam. Item apud [[mus|mures]] [[vibrissae]] cetera membra in cortice somesthesico multo superant. Cortex somesthesicus non tantum tactiles informationes stricto sensu tractat sed etiam informationes [[proprioceptio|proprioceptivas]] e mechanoreceptoriis in [[articulus|articulis]] [[tendo|tendinibusque]] positis provenientes. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Gray759.png|thumb|Via lemnisci medialis]] [[Fasciculus:Sensory Homunculus-en.svg|thumb|left|Homunculus sensorius]] *Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]", ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639 *Ian Darian Smith, "[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]", ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 **"[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]", ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788 *Matthew J. Hertenstein & Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica] *Roland S. Johansson & J. Randall Flanagan. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]", ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 *Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]", ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32 *Kenneth Johnson, "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]" in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583 *Jon H. Kaas, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]", ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518 *J. Kaas, C. Collins. "[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]", ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67 *Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]", ''Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459 *Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]", ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257 *David J. Linden, ''Touch: The Science of the Hand, Heart, and Mind'', Penguin, 2015 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=S8QcBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guiglum librorum] *Sanjeev S. Ranade, Ruhma Syeda, Ardem Patapoutian. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627315007266 Mechanically Activated Ion Channels]", ''Neuron'', 2015: 1162-1179 *Sanjeev S. Ranade, Seung-Hyun Woo, Adrienne E. Dubin, et alii. "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13980 Piezo2 is the major transducer of mechanical forces for touch sensation in mice]", Nature, 2014(516): 121-125 *Hannes P. Saal, Sliman J. Bensmaia. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166223614001556 Touch is a team effort: interplay of submodalities in cutaneous sensibility]", ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 2014: 689-697 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant {{NexInt}} * [[Pressio]] * [[Somatopsyche]] {{Biologia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Neurologia]] [[Categoria:Tactus| ]] 2kdbrowv9mmu6ynog656p6nsbncjg6b 3986889 3986886 2026-09-09T14:26:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986889 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:(Toulouse) Le toucher (La Dame à la licorne) - Musée de Cluny Paris.jpg|thumb|Exemplar e serie tapetum dominae cum [[Unicornis|unicorne]]. [[Lutetia]]e, in Museo nationali aevi medii.]] [[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell.png|thumb|Exemplum receptorii tactus. Disci tactiles ''Merkeliani'' in cute absconditi.]] {{res|Tactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m|tactus}}) est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]], accuratius facultas somatosensoria, quem [[systema sensorium]] [[cutis]] invisibile parit. Tactus [[manus]] [[scriptura Braille|scripturam Braille]] et [[quadrum tactile]] communicare potest. In [[corpus humanum|corporis humani]] cute ad singulas qualitates contactuum percipiendas varia receptoria respondent. == Receptoria tactus == Haec sunt praecipua cutis mechanoreceptoria quae informationem tactilem signis electricis transmittunt: [[Fasciculus:Gray936.png|thumb|Corpusculum tactus Meissnerianum.]] * [[Corpusculum Pacinianum]] (corpusculum lamellosum) * [[Corpusculum bulboideum]] (sec. [[Gulielmus Krause|Gulielmum Krause]]) * [[Cellula Merkeliana]] * [[Corpusculum Ruffinianum|Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme]] Ruffinianum * [[Corpusculum Meissnerianum]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Cauna N., Ross L. L. |title=The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers |journal=The journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology |year=[[1960]] |volume=8 |issue= |pages=467–82 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13691669}}</ref> (corpusculum tactus) == De informationis tactilis itinere corticem versus == [[Axon|Axones]] afferentes [[Neuron|neuronum]] primi ordinis vel primariorum, quorum corpora in [[Ganglion autonomicum|ganglionibus]] spinalibus iacent, in medullam per radices dorsales intrant ubi plures ramos collaterales proiciunt. Axones ascendentes per ''columnas dorsales'' usque ad [[truncus encephali|truncum cerebri]] pergunt. Ibi [[Synapsis chemica|synapsem]] faciunt sive in [[nucleus gracilis|nucleo gracili]] si ex inferiore parte corporis proveniunt, sive in [[Nucleus cuneatus|nucleo cuneato]] si ex superiore parte. Deinde ad latus oppositum transeunt ([[Decussatio|decussatio]]) ita ut [[Hemisphaerium cerebri|hemisphaerium]] dextrum informationes tactiles laevae corporis partis curet et vice versa. Illi axones secundi ordinis (secundarii) viam [[lemniscus medialis|lemnisci medialis]] usque ad [[Thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamum]] sequuntur. Ibi in nucleo ventroso posteriore laterali (VPL) synapsem faciunt cum nervis tertii ordinis qui informationem ad [[cortex somesthesicus|corticem somesthesicum]] vel somatosensorium adducunt (I gyrum postcentralem II prope scissuram Sylvii) ubi integratur. In capite neuronum primariorum corpora in [[ganglion Gasserianum|ganglione Gasseriano]] iacent. Inde informationem intra truncum ad complexum sensorium [[Nervus trigeminus|trigemini]] ducunt unde per lemniscum trigemini ad nucleum ventrosum posteriorem medium (VPM) thalami pervenit. [[Cortex somesthesicus primarius]] in gyro postcentrali quattuor [[area Brodmanniana|areas Brodmannianas]] comprehendit: 1, 2, 3a, 3b. Neurones secundum ordinem somatotopicum sese in corticem proiciunt (hoc est area quaedam corticis cuique membro respondet). In [[homunculus corticis|homunculo]] ita descripto manus cum digitis et os partem ingentem occupant cum volumine membrorum comparatam. Item apud [[mus|mures]] [[vibrissae]] cetera membra in cortice somesthesico multo superant. Cortex somesthesicus non tantum tactiles informationes stricto sensu tractat sed etiam informationes [[proprioceptio|proprioceptivas]] e mechanoreceptoriis in [[articulus|articulis]] [[tendo|tendinibusque]] positis provenientes. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Gray759.png|thumb|Via lemnisci medialis]] [[Fasciculus:Sensory Homunculus-en.svg|thumb|left|Homunculus sensorius]] *Victoria E. Abrairal, David D. Ginty. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627313007101 The Sensory Neurons of Touch]", ''Neuron'', 2013: 618-639 *Ian Darian Smith, "[https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.001103 Touch in Primates]", ''Annual Review of Psychology'', 1982: 155-194 **"[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb00889.x?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 The Sense of Touch: Performance and Peripheral Neural Processes]", ''Comprehensive Physiology'', 1984: 739-788 *Matthew J. Hertenstein & Sandra J. Weiss (curatores). ''The handbook of touch : neuroscience, behavioral, and health perspectives'', Springer, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=futOTes5spcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263530628_The_handbook_of_touch_Neuroscience_behavioral_and_health_perspectives Recensio critica] *Roland S. Johansson & J. Randall Flanagan. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24263317_Coding_and_use_of_tactile_signals_from_the_fingertips_in_object_manipulation_tasks Coding and use of tactile signals from the fingertips in object manipulation tasks]", ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2009: 345–359 *Roland S. Johansson, Åke B. Vallbo. "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222197699_Tactile_sensory_coding_in_the_glabrous_skin_of_human_hand Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand]", ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 1983: 27-32 *Kenneth Johnson, "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471214426.pas0113?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Neural Basis of Haptic Perception]" in ''Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology'' vol.1, 2002: 537-583 *Jon H. Kaas, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0940960211802128 The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates]", ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 1993: 509-518 *J. Kaas, C. Collins. "[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12894401/b The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates]", ''Advances in neurology'', 2003: 57-67 *Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L. "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/APP.71.7.1439 Haptic perception: A tutorial]", ''Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics'', 2009: 1439–1459 *Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S098770531930022X Implications des différents types de fibres nerveuses dans la sensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique et conséquences sur la douleur neuropathique périphérique]", ''Neurophysiologie Clinique'', 2019: 257 *David J. Linden, ''Touch: The Science of the Hand, Heart, and Mind'', Penguin, 2015 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=S8QcBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guiglum librorum] *Sanjeev S. Ranade, Ruhma Syeda, Ardem Patapoutian. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627315007266 Mechanically Activated Ion Channels]", ''Neuron'', 2015: 1162-1179 *Sanjeev S. Ranade, Seung-Hyun Woo, Adrienne E. Dubin, et alii. "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13980 Piezo2 is the major transducer of mechanical forces for touch sensation in mice]", Nature, 2014(516): 121-125 *Hannes P. Saal, Sliman J. Bensmaia. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166223614001556 Touch is a team effort: interplay of submodalities in cutaneous sensibility]", ''Trends in Neurosciences'', 2014: 689-697 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Touch tactum] spectant {{NexInt}} * [[Pressio]] * [[Somatopsyche]] {{Biologia-stipula}} [[Categoria:Neurologia]] [[Categoria:Tactus| ]] 3yc8qdu0cgupiqo6jvan4o21e0trq91 0 232359 3987029 3821349 2026-09-09T23:21:08Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Assmann''', vulgo plene ''Johann Christoph'' sed saepius ''Jan Assmann'' (natus [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] die [[7 Iulii]] [[1938]]; mortuus die [[19 Februarii]] [[2024]]), qui [[Monacum|Monaci]], [[Heidelberga]]e, [[Lutetia]]e et [[Gottinga]]e eruditus fuit, fuit [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegypti antiquae]], [[religio]]nis et [[cultura]]e peritus [[Germania|Germanicus]]. Professor fuit apud [[Universitas Heidelbergensis|Universitatem Heidelbergensem]]. Etiam uxor eius [[Aleida Assmann]] Aegypti antiquae et religionis perita est. Et anno [[2018]] [[Praemium pacis librariorum Germanorum]] accepit. == Opera selecta== * ''[[Die Zauberflöte]]. Oper und Mysterium''. Hanser, Monaci 2005, ISBN 3-446-20673-6 * '' [[Liber Exodus|Exodus]]: Die Revolution der Alten Welt'', Beck Monaci 2015 ISBN 978-3-406-67430-3. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/fakultaeten/philosophie/zaw/aegy/institut/assmann_cv.html Breve curriculum vitae] * [https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/view/schriftenreihen/sr-27.html Scripta in Propylaeum-DOK]{{PND|11805077X}} * {{Imdb name|2359085|Ioanne Assmann}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1938|2024|Assmann, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Eruditi Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Aegyptologi]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Monacensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Goettingensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum Parisiensium]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Heidelbergensis]] jnn8p6172k3ich2734c5vof19shwlue 0 239061 3986991 3983919 2026-09-09T21:18:23Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:SchlossJeverHoffassade.jpg|thumb|left|Castellum Geverae.]] '''Gevera'''<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> seu '''Ievera'''<ref name="Egli 1893"/> (Theodisce ''Jever'') est [[urbs]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Circulus Frisicus|Circuli Frisici]]. Ad Geveram et [[vicus|vici]] [[Moorwarfa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Moorwarfen''), [[Rahrdum]] (Theodisce ''Rahrdum''), [[Cleverns]] (Theodisce ''Cleverns''), [[Sandel]] (Theodisce ''Sandel''), [[Sandelermons]] (Theodisce ''Sandelermöns'') atque [[Urbs Nuclearis Gevera]]<ref name="Kernstadt">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Kern?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Kern'' Latino adiectivo "nuclearis-e"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Stadt?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum suffixum ''-stadt'' Latino nomine ''urbs urbis''] vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Kernstadt Jever'') pertinent. == Historia == Gevera urbs anno saeculo 10 primo in actis descripta est. Annis [[1575]] - [[1667]] comes Oldenburgensis hunc agrum tenuit. Annis a [[1667]] ad [[1793]] haec regio ad Anhaltinum-Servestam pertinuit. Tum ad annum [[1806]] pars [[Russia]]e, ad annum [[1810]] [[Nederlandia]]e fuit. Annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno 1813 iterum Russi, ab anno [[1818]] Gevera a Ducibus Magnis Oldenburgensibus recta est. Anno [[1918]] Oldenburgum res publica facta est. Anno [[1933]] Gevera caput novi Circuli Frisici est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinent. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti cum Gevera coniuncti sunt. Annis [[1977]] - [[1980]] caput circuli non fuit, quod enim tum lege dissolutum erat. == Cervisiae fabrica == [[Fasciculus:Flasche_Jever.jpg|thumb|left|Flasca cervisiae famosae ''Jever'']] Geverae ab anno [[1848]] clarum ergastasterium cervisiae coquendae nomine ''Friesisches Brauhaus Jever'' sita est. == Cives clari == === cives honoris causa === * [[Christianus Henricus Wolke]], paedagogus modernus * [[Paulus de Hindenburg]], praeses Germaniae (anno 1933) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.stadt-jever.de/ www.stadt-jever.de] * [http://www.jever.de/ Pagina officialis fabricae famosae cervisiae ''Jever''] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] lpcxrbssk5hqelbl0itw434zt07qxvx 0 242302 3986986 3969391 2026-09-09T20:53:14Z LilyKitty 18316 de experimento cognitionis 3986986 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Generalization process using trees.svg|thumb|[[Mens]], cum generalizationem sicut [[notio (psychologia)|notionem]] [[arbor]]is faciat, similitudines ex multis exemplis extrahat; simplificatio facultatem cogitationi superiorum graduum dat.]] [[Fasciculus:Cognitive Science Hexagon.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Notio cognitionis est fundamentum ramorum sex [[scientia cognitiva|scientiae cognitivae]], inter quas sunt [[linguistica]], [[neuroscientia]], [[intellegentia artificialis]], [[philosophia]], [[anthropologia]], [[psychologia cognitiva]]. Tabula [[Anglice]] signata.]] '''Cognitio''' (a ''co(n)-'' + ''gnōscō'', [[verbum cognatum|cognato]] [[verbum (temporale)|verbi]] [[Graece|Graeci]] γιγνώσκω 'scio, percipio'; cf. γνῶσις 'cognitio, scientia') est copia omnium ingeniorum et [[ratio]]num ad [[scientia (declarativa)|scientiam]] pertinentium, inter quas sunt [[attentio]], [[memoria]], et [[memoria fungens]]<!--working memory-->, [[iudicium pretiorum|iudicium]] et [[aestimatio]], [[ratiocinatio]] et [[computatio]], [[solutio quaestionum]]<!--?problem solving--> et [[decernere]], [[comprehensio]] et [[lingua]] producta. Cognitio humana est [[conscientia|conscia]] aut non conscia, concreta aut abstracta, atque [[intuitus|intuitiva]] (sicut scientia linguae) et notionalis (sicut exemplar linguae). Rationes cognitivae scientia exstante ad novam scientiam generandam utuntur. Rationes enodantur ex variis conspectibus animi intra varios contextus, insigniter in disciplinis [[linguistica]], [[anaesthesia]], [[neuroscientia]], [[psychiatria]], [[psychologia]], [[educatio]]ne, [[philosophia]], [[anthropologia]], [[biologia]], [[systemica]], et [[scientia computatralis|scientia computatrali]].<ref>Von Eckardt 1996.</ref> Hi et alii accessus ad cognitionem enodandam in [[scientia cognitiva]] componuntur, crescente [[disciplina academica]] gradatim liberata. Intra psychologiam et philosophiam, [[notio (philosophia)|notio]] cognitionis ad notiones [[abstractio|abstractas]] sicut [[mens]] et [[intelligentia]] arte pertinet. Quae [[functiones mentis]], [[cogitatio|rationes mentis]] ([[cogitatio]]nes), et status [[entitas|entitatum]] [[intellegentia|intelligentium]] ([[homo sapiens|homines]], greges collaborativos, [[societas humana|societates humanas]], [[machina]]s valde autonomas, et [[intellegentia artificialis|intellegentias artificiosas]]) amplectitur.<ref>Blomberg 2011.</ref> Ergo, usus huius vocabuli secundum disciplinam variat; exempli gratia, in [[psychologia]] et [[scientia cognitiva]], [[vocabulum]] ''cognitio'' conspectum de [[ratio datorum|ratione datorum]]<!--information processing--> [[psychologia|psychologicarum]] singuli [[functionalismus (philosophia mentis)|functionum]] usitate attingit. Adhibetur etiam in ramo [[psychologia socialis|psychologiae socialis]] qui [[cognitio socialis]] appellatur ad [[habitus (psychologia)|habitus]], [[attributio (psychologia)|attributiones]], et dynamicas gregum enodandas.<ref>Sternberg et Sternberg 2009.</ref> Cognitio in psychologia cognitiva et [[ars ingeniaria|ingeniaria]] cognitiva, plerumque habetur ratio datorym in [[mens|mente]] vel [[cerebrum|cerebro]] participis vel opificis.<ref>Blomberg 2011.</ref> Praeterea, cognitio quodam sensu certo et abstracto [[intellegentia artificialis|artificialis]] etiam haberi potest.<ref>[http://cognitive-ai.com/ Cognitive Artificial Intelligence: The MicroPsi Project,] cognitive-ai.com.</ref><!--??? <ref>{{cite book|title=Anatomy and Physiology|publisher=Boundless, 2013|page=975|author=Boundless}}</ref>--> Cognitio effectibus quoque et [[biochemia|biochemicis]] et neurophysiologicis pendet: [[hormon]]ta, ut [[erythropoietinum]] (EPO)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Newton S. S., Sathyanesan M. |title=Erythropoietin and Non-Erythropoietic Derivatives in Cognition |journal=Frontiers in pharmacology |year=[[2021]] |month=Sep |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34552490/}}{{doi|10.3389/fphar.2021.728725}}.</ref>, et actiones nervales, ut [[systema excitans reticulare ascendens|systematis excitantis reticularis ascendentis]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Munn B. R., Müller E. J., Wainstein G., Shine J. M. |title=The ascending arousal system shapes neural dynamics to mediate awareness of cognitive states |journal=Nature communications |year=[[2021]] |month=October |volume=12 |issue=i |pages=6016 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650039/}}{{doi|10.1038/s41467-021-26268-x}}.</ref>, profunde momentum graduum cognitionis habent. Pariter [[droga]]e et [[medicamentum|medicamenta]] status cognitionis commutare queant. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Cogitatio]] * [[Cognitio comparativa]] * [[Cognitio per experientiam]] * [[Computatio cognitiva]] * [[Cosmotheoria]] * [[Experimentum cognitionis]] * [[Incitamentum]] * [[Inclinatio cognitiva]] * [[Gulielmus James]] * [[Memoria]] * [[Neurolinguistica]] * [[Philosophia linguae]] * [[Psychologia cognitiva]] * [[Scientia cognitiva]] * ''[[Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things]]''<!-- * [[Information processing technology and aging]]--> {{div col end}} == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == *Blomberg, O. [[2011]]. Concepts of Cognition for Cognitive Engineering. ''International Journal of Aviation Psychology'' 21 (1): 85–104. {{doi|10.1080/10508414.2011.537561}}. *Coren, Stanley, Lawrence M. Ward, et James T. Enns. [[1999]]. ''Sensation and Perception.'' Harcourt Brace. ISBN 0470002263. *Franchi, Stefano, et Francesco Bianchini. [[2011]]. ''The Search for a Theory of Cognition: Early Mechanisms and New Ideas.'' Rodopi. *Lycan, W. G., ed. [[1999]]. ''Mind and Cognition: An Anthology.'' Ed. secunda. Malden Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishers. *Madigan, S., et R. O'Hara. [[1992]]. Short-Term Memory at the Turn of the Century: Mary Whiton Calkin's Memory Research. ''American Psychologist'' 47 (2): 170–74. {{doi|10.1037/0003-066X.47.2.170}}. *Matlin, Margaret. [[2009]]. ''Cognition.'' Hoboken Novae Caesareae: John Wiley & Sons. *Stanovich, Keith. [[2009]]. ''What Intelligence Tests Miss: The Psychology of Rational Thought.'' Portu Novo Connecticutae: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300123852. [http://web.mac.com/kstanovich/iWeb/Site/YUP_Reviews_files/TICS_review.pdf Summarium (PDF).]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *Sternberg, R. J., & K. Sternberg. [[2009]]. ''Cognitive Psychology.'' Ed. sexa. Belmont Californiae: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. *Von Eckardt, Barbara. [[1996]]. ''What is cognitive science?'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262720236. [http://books.google.com/?id=E8l48-DZln0C&pg=PA13&dq=what+is+cognition#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20cognition&f=false Google Books.] *Wolfe, J., K. Cave, et S. Franzel. [[1989]]. Guided search: An alternative to the feature integration model for visual search. ''Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance'' 15 (3): 419–33. {{doi|10.1037/0096-1523.15.3.419}}. == Nexus externi ==<!-- {{wikiversity}} {{wikibooks|Cognitive psychology}}--> {{victionarium}} * Fox, Douglas. [[2011]]. [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-limits-of-intelligence "The limits of intelligence."] ''Scientific American.'' 14 Iunii 2011 *[http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505626/description#description ''Cognition,''] periodicum internationale de usu comparato et rationalis mentis studio *[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522150143/http%3A//cf.hum.uva.nl/mmm/ Data de cognitione musica,] www.hum.uva.nl (Universitas Amstelodami) * [http://www.cognitie.nl/ Cognitie.NL.] De inveatigationibus cognitivis, Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research et [[Universitas Amstelodamiensis]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050405203028/http://computing.hss.cmu.edu/lernerlab/home.php Emotional and Decision Making Lab.] Universitas Carnegie Mellon. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090201093227/http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-Limits-of-Human-Cognition-37388.shtml "The Limits of Human Cognition."] Commentarius de [[evolutio]]ne cognitativarum [[mammalia|mammalium]] facultatum * [http://www.physorg.com/news194023346.html "Half-heard phone conversations reduce cognitive performance."] [[Categoria:Cogitatio]] [[Categoria:Cognitio| ]] [[Categoria:Mens]] [[Categoria:Psychologia cognitiva]] [[Categoria:Rationes mentis]] [[Categoria:Scientia cognitiva]] {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} bwtuqvslslcqaba7943u2iu9hfldd9y 0 245696 3986917 3571201 2026-09-09T15:56:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fagetum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Faeto (2009) 51 (RaBoe).jpg|thumb|Imago urbis]] '''Faetum'''<ref name="Sacco">{{Sacco}}}</ref> {{victio|Faetum|i|n}} (alia nomina: ''Fagetum''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref>, ''Castra Faeti''<ref name="Sacco" />, ''Faietum'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Faeto|Faeto]]''; [[Lingua Arpitanica|Arpitanice]]: ''Faìte'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 751 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Apulia]] ac in [[provincia Fodiana]] situm. Incolae ''Faetani'' appellantur. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == [[Lingua Arpitanica]] == Faietum insula [[Lingua Arpitanica|Arpinatica]] in [[Apulia]] regione est; hodie culturam, linguam, mores et ceteras [[Ethnologia|ethnologicas res]] permanent. == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Dioecesis Lucerina-Troiana]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == * [[Biccarum (Apulia)|Biccarum]], * [[Castellucium Vallis Maioris]], * [[Castrum Francorum (Provincia Beneventana)|Castrum Francorum]] ([[Provincia Beneventana|BN]]), * [[Cellae Sancti Viti]], * [[Oppidum Graecorum]] ([[Provincia Abellinas|AV]]), * [[Rosetum (Apulia)|Rosetum]]. * [[Ursaria (Apulia)|Ursaria]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Apulia]]m (''regionem''), * [[Provincia Fodiana|Provinciam Fodianam]], * [[Daunia]]m (''terram''), * [[Tabula Apula|Tabulam Apulam]] (''terram''), * [[Capitanata Arpitanica|Capitanatam Arpitanicam]], * [[Fovea]]m vel [[Fodia]]m (''urbem''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.faeto.fg.it/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Faeto|Faetum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of comune of Faeto (province of Foggia, region Apulia, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Fodiana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Foveae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Capitanatae Arpitanicae]] [[Categoria:Terrae Arpitanicae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Arpitanicae]] hs3maxjek7cq902qf8ddwmy3lnspqs0 3986918 3986917 2026-09-09T15:57:50Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Lingua Arpitanica */ 3986918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fagetum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Faeto (2009) 51 (RaBoe).jpg|thumb|Imago urbis]] '''Faetum'''<ref name="Sacco">{{Sacco}}}</ref> {{victio|Faetum|i|n}} (alia nomina: ''Fagetum''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref>, ''Castra Faeti''<ref name="Sacco" />, ''Faietum'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Faeto|Faeto]]''; [[Lingua Arpitanica|Arpitanice]]: ''Faìte'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 751 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Apulia]] ac in [[provincia Fodiana]] situm. Incolae ''Faetani'' appellantur. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == [[Lingua Arpitanica]] == Faietum insula [[Lingua Arpitanica|Arpinatica]] in [[Apulia]] regione est; hodieque culturam, linguam, mores ceterasque [[Ethnologia|ethnologicas res]] servant. == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Dioecesis Lucerina-Troiana]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == * [[Biccarum (Apulia)|Biccarum]], * [[Castellucium Vallis Maioris]], * [[Castrum Francorum (Provincia Beneventana)|Castrum Francorum]] ([[Provincia Beneventana|BN]]), * [[Cellae Sancti Viti]], * [[Oppidum Graecorum]] ([[Provincia Abellinas|AV]]), * [[Rosetum (Apulia)|Rosetum]]. * [[Ursaria (Apulia)|Ursaria]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Apulia]]m (''regionem''), * [[Provincia Fodiana|Provinciam Fodianam]], * [[Daunia]]m (''terram''), * [[Tabula Apula|Tabulam Apulam]] (''terram''), * [[Capitanata Arpitanica|Capitanatam Arpitanicam]], * [[Fovea]]m vel [[Fodia]]m (''urbem''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.faeto.fg.it/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Faeto|Faetum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of comune of Faeto (province of Foggia, region Apulia, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Fodiana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Foveae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Capitanatae Arpitanicae]] [[Categoria:Terrae Arpitanicae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Arpitanicae]] 93dqy40w2fh6zo4mxquph8ww260exfe 3986919 3986918 2026-09-09T15:58:44Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fagetum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Faeto (2009) 51 (RaBoe).jpg|thumb|Imago urbis]] '''Faetum'''<ref name="Sacco">{{Sacco}}}</ref> {{victio|Faetum|i|n}} (alia nomina: ''Fagetum''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref>, ''Castra Faeti''<ref name="Sacco" />, ''Faietum'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Faeto|Faeto]]''; [[Lingua Arpitanica|Arpitanice]]: ''Faìte'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 606 incolarum (2021), in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Apulia]] ac in [[provincia Fodiana]] situm. Incolae ''Faetani'' appellantur. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == [[Lingua Arpitanica]] == Faietum insula [[Lingua Arpitanica|Arpinatica]] in [[Apulia]] regione est; hodieque culturam, linguam, mores ceterasque [[Ethnologia|ethnologicas res]] servant. == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Dioecesis Lucerina-Troiana]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == * [[Biccarum (Apulia)|Biccarum]], * [[Castellucium Vallis Maioris]], * [[Castrum Francorum (Provincia Beneventana)|Castrum Francorum]] ([[Provincia Beneventana|BN]]), * [[Cellae Sancti Viti]], * [[Oppidum Graecorum]] ([[Provincia Abellinas|AV]]), * [[Rosetum (Apulia)|Rosetum]]. * [[Ursaria (Apulia)|Ursaria]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Apulia]]m (''regionem''), * [[Provincia Fodiana|Provinciam Fodianam]], * [[Daunia]]m (''terram''), * [[Tabula Apula|Tabulam Apulam]] (''terram''), * [[Capitanata Arpitanica|Capitanatam Arpitanicam]], * [[Fovea]]m vel [[Fodia]]m (''urbem''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.faeto.fg.it/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Faeto|Faetum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of comune of Faeto (province of Foggia, region Apulia, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Fodiana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Foveae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Capitanatae Arpitanicae]] [[Categoria:Terrae Arpitanicae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Arpitanicae]] jx76ow2hnihlnmw17xsiovrinp8gg3v 0 255046 3987039 3986731 2026-09-09T23:50:16Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Hoeltingmuehle_Meppen.jpg|thumb|left|In oppido [[Meppea]] flumina [[Amisia]] et [[Hasa]] confluunt.]] [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in EL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Terrae Emesensis.]] '''Circulus Terrae Emesensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Emsland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Oamselound''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est ex antiquis circulis ''Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi'', ''Meppea'' atque partibus circuli Lingae. Caput circuli urbs [[Meppea]] est. == Historia == Terra Emesensis a medioaevo ad annum [[1802]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|Principatum episcopalem Monasterii]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1806]] Terra Emesensis ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit, ab anno [[1810]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]]. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Terra Emesensis ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circuli Aschendorfensis, Humlingensis, Meppea et Linga conditi sunt. Anno [[1932]] circuli Aschendorfensis et Humlingensis coniuncti sunt. Tempore dictaturae [[NSDAP|Nazistarum]] in Terra Emesensi multa castra carceralia condita sunt. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]</ref>. Pars Terrae Emesensis etiam a captivis liberatis Polonicis ad annum [[1948]] "Area occupationis Polonica" administrata est<ref>[http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/1945-als-das-emsland-polnisch-war.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=155820 deutschlandradiokultur.de die 24 Iunii 2005]</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1977]] circulus Terrae Emesensis conditus est ex antiquis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt 60 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'') (9903 incolae) * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'') (11.260) * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren''), urbs (23.255) * [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]], oppidum (52.503) * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne''), urbs (12.504) * [[Meppea]] oppidum et caput circuli (34.549) * [[Papenburg]], oppidum (35.981) * [[Rhede (Amisia)|Rhede]] (4175) * [[Salzbergen]] (7535) * [[Twist]] (9499) * [[Thorpum (commune generale)|Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') commune generale (16.140) ** [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587) ** [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466) ** [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419) ** [[Lehe]] (999) ** [[Neubörger]] (1544) ** [[Neulehe]] (762) ** [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen''), sedes administrationis (4983) ** [[Walchum]] (1457) ** [[Wippingen]] (923) * [[Frera (commune generale)|Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'') commune generale (10.304) ** [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'') (879) ** [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'') (1597) ** [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren''), urbs et sedes administrationis (5000) ** Messingen (1058) ** Thuine (1770) * [[Herzlaka (commune generale)|Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'') commune generale (10.050) ** [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '') (1097) ** [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke''), sedes administrationis (4248) ** [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'') (4705) * [[Lathen (commune generale)|Lathen]] commune generale (11.237) ** [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'') (909) ** [[Lathen]], sedes administrationis (6159) ** [[Niederlangen]] (1208) ** [[Oberlangen]] (951) ** [[Renkenberge]] (715) ** [[Sustrum]] (1295) * [[Lengerich (commune generale)|Lengerich]] commune generale (9093) ** [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'') (2359) ** [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'') (1209) ** [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'') (841) ** [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'') (1451) ** [[Lengerich]], sedes administrationis (2658) ** [[Wettrup]] (575) * [[Nordhummlinga (commune generale)|Nordhummlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordhümmling'') commune generale (12.005) ** [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')(987) ** [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'') (788) ** [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede''), sedes administrationis (5179) ** [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'') (806) ** [[Surwold]] (4245) * [[Sögel (commune generale)|Sögel]] commune generale (15.997) ** [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'') (1127) ** [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'') (656) ** [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'') (2747) ** [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'') (519) ** [[Sögel]], sedes administrationis (7335) ** [[Spahnharrenstätte]] (1511) ** [[Stavern]] (1066) ** [[Werpeloh]] (1036) * [[Spella (commune generale)|Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'') commune generale (13.018) ** [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'') (1877) ** [[Schapen]] (2327) ** [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle''), sedes administrationis (8814) ** [[Werlte]] commune generale (16.749) ** [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'') (897) ** [[Lorup]] (3184) ** [[Rastdorf]] (1015) ** [[Vrees]] (1695) ** [[Werlte]], sedes administrationis (9958), sed etiam oppidum in anno domini 2017 est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Emsland|circulum Terrae Emesensis}} * [http://www.emsland.de Pagina officialis circuli] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] t0p3z3tgfysbwcmm7ak9vq5tuf7x6sw 3987063 3987039 2026-09-10T10:45:09Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Hoeltingmuehle_Meppen.jpg|thumb|left|In oppido [[Meppea]] flumina [[Amisia]] et [[Hasa]] confluunt.]] [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in EL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Terrae Emesensis.]] '''Circulus Terrae Emesensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Emsland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Oamselound''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est ex antiquis circulis ''Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi'', ''Meppea'' atque partibus circuli Lingae. Caput circuli urbs [[Meppea]] est. == Historia == Terra Emesensis a medioaevo ad annum [[1802]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|Principatum episcopalem Monasterii]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1806]] Terra Emesensis ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit, ab anno [[1810]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]]. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Terra Emesensis ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circuli Aschendorfensis, Humlingensis, Meppea et Linga conditi sunt. Anno [[1932]] circuli Aschendorfensis et Humlingensis coniuncti sunt. Tempore dictaturae [[NSDAP|Nazistarum]] in Terra Emesensi multa castra carceralia condita sunt. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]</ref>. Pars Terrae Emesensis etiam a captivis liberatis Polonicis ad annum [[1948]] "Area occupationis Polonica" administrata est<ref>[http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/1945-als-das-emsland-polnisch-war.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=155820 deutschlandradiokultur.de die 24 Iunii 2005]</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1977]] circulus Terrae Emesensis conditus est ex antiquis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt 60 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'') (9903 incolae) * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'') (11.260) * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren''), urbs (23.255) * [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]], oppidum (52.503) * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne''), urbs (12.504) * [[Meppea]] oppidum et caput circuli (34.549) * [[Papenburg]], oppidum (35.981) * [[Rhede (Amisia)|Rhede]] (4175) * [[Salzbergen]] (7535) * [[Twist]] (9499) * [[Thorpum (commune generale)|Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') commune generale (16.140) ** [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587) ** [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466) ** [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419) ** [[Lehe]] (999) ** [[Neubörger]] (1544) ** [[Neulehe]] (762) ** [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen''), sedes administrationis (4983) ** [[Walchum]] (1457) ** [[Wippingen]] (923) * [[Frera (commune generale)|Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'') commune generale (10.304) ** [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'') (879) ** [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'') (1597) ** [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren''), urbs et sedes administrationis (5000) ** Messingen (1058) ** Thuine (1770) * [[Herzlaka (commune generale)|Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'') commune generale (10.050) ** [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '') (1097) ** [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke''), sedes administrationis (4248) ** [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'') (4705) * [[Lathen (commune generale)|Lathen]] commune generale (11.237) ** [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'') (909) ** [[Lathen]], sedes administrationis (6159) ** [[Niederlangen]] (1208) ** [[Oberlangen]] (951) ** [[Renkenberge]] (715) ** [[Sustrum]] (1295) * [[Lengerich (commune generale)|Lengerich]] commune generale (9093) ** [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'') (2359) ** [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'') (1209) ** [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'') (841) ** [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'') (1451) ** [[Lengerich]], sedes administrationis (2658) ** [[Wettrup]] (575) * [[Nordhummlinga (commune generale)|Nordhummlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordhümmling'') commune generale (12.005) ** [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')(987) ** [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'') (788) ** [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede''), sedes administrationis (5179) ** [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'') (806) ** [[Surwold]] (4245) * [[Sögel (commune generale)|Sögel]] commune generale (15.997) ** [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'') (1127) ** [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'') (656) ** [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'') (2747) ** [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'') (519) ** [[Sögel]], sedes administrationis (7335) ** [[Spahnharrenstätte]] (1511) ** [[Stavern]] (1066) ** [[Werpeloh]] (1036) * [[Spella (commune generale)|Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'') commune generale (13.018) ** [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'') (1877) ** [[Schapen]] (2327) ** [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle''), sedes administrationis (8814) * [[Werlte]] commune generale (16.749) ** [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'') (897) ** [[Lorup]] (3184) ** [[Rastdorf]] (1015) ** [[Vrees]] (1695) ** [[Werlte]], sedes administrationis (9958), sed etiam oppidum in anno domini 2017 est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Emsland|circulum Terrae Emesensis}} * [http://www.emsland.de Pagina officialis circuli] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] aoymeftepr08utk4nsbudcj9vzxelmh 0 255094 3987061 3986666 2026-09-10T09:57:18Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:42004270 Laar altreformierte Kirche.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Reformata Larensis.]] '''Lare'''<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''domum dictam Herscoping apud Achtebere'' (...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'') est commune in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm atque pars [[Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi|Circuli in Comitatu Binethensis]]. Ad commune etiam vici [[Achtebere]]<ref name="Lare"/> (Theodisce ''Echteler''), [[Agterhornium]]<ref name="-hornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-horn(e)(n)'' aut ''-hoorn'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hornium-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ahornium (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Ahornium Badense Birtembergense]] ac [[Ahornium (Coburgum)|Ahornium Coburgense]] apud [https://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/attachment/document/alvin-record:564985/ATTACHMENT-0004.pdf ''Kennel von Silvalacus'']; [[Nonnenhornium]] apud ''Hermanni Conringii Censura diplomatis quod Ludovico imperatori fert acceptum coenobium Lindauiense''; [[Weissenhornium]] apud [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/pareus1/Pareus_historia.html ''DANIELIS PAREI HISTORIA BAVARICO- PALATINA'']; et [[Braunshornium]] apud ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789''.</ref> (Theodisce ''Agterhorn''), [[Eschebruga]]<ref name="-bruga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-brück(e)'' aut ''-brügge'' aut ''-brugg(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bruga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Steinbruga]], [[Kissenbruga]], [[Bruga]], [[Bruga ad Ederum]], [[Osnabruga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Eschebrügge''), [[Heesterkanta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Heesterkante''), [[Lare (caput communis)|Lare]]<ref name="Lare"/> (Theodisce ''Laar'') atque [[Vorwalda]]<ref name="-walda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-wald'' seu ''-walde'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-walda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Dippoldiswalda]], [[Geringswalda]], [[Lawalda]], [[Rueckerswalda Magna]] apud [[Index urbium et communium Saxoniae|hunc articulum]].</ref> (Theodisce ''Vorwald'') pertinent. Lare est praeterea pars communis generalis [[Emmelkampus (commune generale)|Emmelkampi]]. == Historia == Anno [[1227]] "domus Larensis" possessio comitis Balduini Binethemsis primi in actis descripta est-<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160216094325/http://www.emlichheim.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=436&topmenu=4 Pagina officialis communis generalis Emmelkampi de historia communis Laris]</ref>. Regio usque ad annum [[1753]] ad comitatum Binethensem pertinuit, cum Friedericus Carolus comes eam cum toto comitatu [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Electori Hannoverae]] pigno dedit. Ab anno [[1806]] regio ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Lare pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] fuit. Regnum Hannoveranum autem anno [[1866]] a [[Borussia]] occupatum est. Anno [[1885]] Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi conditus est, cuius caput tum [[Aquae Benthemiae|Benthemia]] erat et ad quem Lare ad hunc diem pertinet. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1974]] vici supra dicti cum Lari coniuncti sunt. Anno [[2011]] Gerhardus Trüün (CDU) novus magister civium electus est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Laar (Grafschaft Bentheim)|Lare}} * [http://www.emlichheim.de/ Pagina officialis communis generalis Emmelkampi] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] 4y66sqzwkk63f3zitwg45m7huk4h7hc 0 261922 3986981 3820370 2026-09-09T20:27:31Z LilyKitty 18316 de experimento cognitionis 3986981 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Penrose-dreieck.svg|thumb|upright=0.75|left|Structura quae in [[spatium trium dimensionum|spatio trium dimensionum]] videtur, sed in [[geometria]] [[Euclides|Euclidiana]] fieri non potest. Hoc est paradoxum aspectabile.]] '''Paradoxum''' est [[dictum]] quod, contra ratiocinationem quae gravis ex [[veritas|principiis veris]] apparet, ad finem ducit qui se contradicit aut absurdus est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130205104405/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/paradox "Paradox,"] ''Oxford Dictionary'' (Oxford University Press).</ref><ref>Bolander 2013.</ref> Nonnulla paradoxa [[logica]] agnoscuntur argumenta [[validitas|invalida]], sed magni in [[cogitatio critica|cogitatione critica]] docenda iam aestimantur.<ref>Eliason 1996.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Schrodingers cat.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Feles Schrödingerana]]: [[feles]], ampulla [[venenum|veneni]], et fons [[radioactivitas|radioactivus]] intra arcam clausam ponuntur. Si monitorium internum radioactivitatem detegit (hoc est unus [[atomus]] tabescens), ampulla confringitur, venenum liberatur, felesque necatur. [[Hafnia]]na [[mechanica quantica|mechanicae quanticae]] interpretatio significat felem ad ultimum [[superpositio quantica|eodem tempore viva et mortua]] esse, sed spectator, cum internas arcae partes aspicit, felem aut vivam aut mortuam videt, non et vivam et mortuam.<!--This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.-->]] Nonnulla paradoxa menda in [[definitio]]nibus olim veris habitis in medium aperuerunt, et ut [[axioma]]ta [[mathematica]] et logica iterum investigentur fecerunt. Exemplum insigne est [[paradoxum Russellianum]], quod rogat num "index omnium indicum qui sese non continent"<ref>[[Anglice]]: "list of all lists that do not contain themselves."</ref> sese comprehenderent, et monstrat conatus ad [[theoria copiarum|theoriam copiarum]] in identificatione copiarum cum [[proprietas (philosophia)|proprietatibus]] vel [[praedicatum (logica)|praedicatis]] condendam vitiosas esse.<ref>Crossley et al 1972:59–60.</ref> Aliae quaestiones, sicut [[paradoxum Currianum]]<!--Curry's p.-->, nondum solvuntur. Inter exempla insignia praeter logicam est [[Navis Theseia]], quaestio [[philosophia|philosophica]], quae rogat num [[navis]] identidem refecta, quaque parte [[lignum|lignea]] substituta, eadem navis sit. Paradoxa etiam formam habere possunt imaginum vel aliorum mediorum. Exempli gratia, [[M. C. Escher]] paradoxa [[perspectivum|in perspectivo condita]] in multis [[adumbratio]]nibus posuit, quibus parietes pavimenta videntur, ac scalae ascendere sine fine videntur.<ref>Amira Skomorowska, [http://aminotes.tumblr.com/post/653017235/the-mathematical-art-of-m-c-escher-for-me-it "The Mathematical Art of M. C. Escher,"] ''Lapidarium notes.''</ref><ref>Hughes et Brecht 1975:1–8.</ref> [[Willardus Van Orman Quine]] (1966) tria genera paradoxorum distinxit: # Paradoxum veridicum, quod eventum efficit qui absurdus videtur sed nihilominus verus demonstrari potest (exempla: natalitio Friderici in ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]],'' [[theorema sagittae quae fieri non potest]], [[paradoxum Monty Hall]], et in [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicensimi]], paradoxa [[paradoxum Hilbertianum Deversorii Grandis|Hilbertiani Deversorii Grandis]] et [[feles Schrödingerana|felis Schrödingeranae]]); # Paradoxum falsidicum, quod eventum efficit qui falsus non solum apparet, sed etiam falsus est, propter fallaciam in [[demonstratio mathematica|demonstratione]] (exemplum: [[paradoxa Zenonis]]); # [[Antinomia]], paradoxum quod in neutrum genus digeri potest. Post autem opus Quineanum, genus quartum descriptum est: [[dialetheia]], paradoxum quod simul verum et falsum est. {{NexInt}} {{div col|4}} * [[Animalia paradoxa]] * [[Antinomia]] * [[Aporia]] * [[Contradictio]] * [[Dialectica]] * [[Dilemma]] * [[Dilemma captivi]] * [[Dilemma ethicum]] * [[Eubulides]] * [[Dilemma hystricis]] * [[Dilemma sociale]] * [[Experimentum cognitionis]] * [[Fallacia]] * [[Fallacia formalis]] * [[Infinitas]] * [[Ironia]] * [[Omnis testudo in alia testudine iacet]] * [[Oxymoron]] * [[Paradoxa Zenonis]] * [[Paradoxum Epimenideum]] * [[Paradoxum Fermianum]] * [[Paradoxum geminorum]] * [[Paradoxum Israeliticum]] * [[Paradoxum natalium]] * [[Paradoxum spectatoris]] * [[Paradoxum suspendii inopinati]] * [[Paradoxographia]] * [[Problema]] * [[Theodicaea]] * [[Thesea navis]] * [[Trivialismus]]<!-- + *[[Four-valued logic]] *[[Impossible object]] *[[List of paradoxes]] *[[Mu (negative)]] *[[Paradox of value]] *[[Paradoxes of material implication]] *[[Plato's beard]] *[[Revision theory]] *[[Self-refuting idea]]s *[[Syntactic ambiguity]] *[[Temporal paradox]] *[[Twin paradox]]--> {{div col end}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Bolander, Thomas. [[2013]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/self-reference/ ''Self-Reference.''] The Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. * Crossley, J. N., C. J. Ash. C. J. Brickhill, J. C. Stillwell, et N. H. Williams. [[1972]]. ''What is mathematical logic?'' Londinii, Oxoniae, Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-888087-1. * Eliason, James L. [[1996]]. [http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/9604072434/using-paradoxes-teach-critical-thinking-science Using Paradoxes to Teach Critical Thinking in Science.] ''Journal of College Science Teaching'' 15 (5): 341–344. * Hughes, Patrick, et George Brecht.[[1975]]. ''Vicious Circles and Infinity: A Panoply of Paradoxes.'' Garden City Novi Eboraci: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-09917-7. * Poundstone, William. [[1989]]. ''Labyrinths of Reason: Paradox, Puzzles, and the Frailty of Knowledge.'' Anchor. * Quine, Willars Van Orman. [[1966]]. The ways of paradox. In ''The Ways of Paradox, and other essays.'' Novi Eboraci: Random House. * Sainsbury, Mark. [[1988]]. ''Paradoxes.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Sorensens, Roy. [[2003]]. ''A Brief History of the Paradox: Philosophy and the Labyrinths of the Mind.'' Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515903-9 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Paradoxes|paradoxa}} * Cantini, Andrea. [[2012]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/paradoxes-contemporary-logic/ Paradoxes and Contemporary Logic.] ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' ed. Edward N. Zalta. * Spade, Paul Vincent. [[2013]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/insolubles Insolubles.] ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' ed. Edward N. Zalta. * {{dmoz|Society/Philosophy/Philosophy_of_Logic/Paradoxes/|Paradoxes}} <!-- [[Categoria:Notiones in logica]]--> [[Categoria:Logica]] [[Categoria:Logica philosophica]] [[Categoria:Paradoxa| ]] {{Myrias|Philosophia}} gzz9vdlxa5kbwokjperfej89g4s4jq3 0 262691 3986987 3972205 2026-09-09T20:54:16Z LilyKitty 18316 de experimento mentali 3986987 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Francis Bacon statue, Gray's Inn.jpg|thumb|Statua [[Franciscus Bacon|Francisci Baconis]] ante [[Gray's Inn]] in Quadrato Meridiano [[Londinium|Londinii]].]] '''Philosophia scientiae''' est pars [[philosophia]]e quae fundamenta, [[methodologia|methodos]], nec non causas et consecutiones [[scientia (ratio)|scientiae]] tractat. Praecipua quaestio huius studii hoc est, [[quaestio demarcationis|quid sit scientia]], fides [[theoria]]rum scientificarum, et finis ultimus scientiae. Haec [[disciplina academica|disciplina]] cum [[metaphysica]], [[ontologia]], [[epistemologia]] convenit, exempli gratia, cum cognationem scientiae et [[veritas|veritatis]] explorat. [[Fasciculus:Einstein cross.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|Res caelestis [[Crux Einsteiniana]] appellata.]] [[Fasciculus:Karl Popper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Carolus Popper]] [[decennium 199|annis 1980]].]] [[Fasciculus:Chicken farmer in Ghana (5926941911).jpg|thumb|Exspectationes [[gallus|gallorum]] ex [[mos|moribus]] [[agricola]]e exemplum quaestionis inductionis exponunt.]]<!-- [[Fasciculus:Epicycle and deferent.svg|thumb|Epicycle and deferent|For [[Thomas Kuhn|Kuhn]], the addition of [[Deferent and epicycle|epicycles]] in Ptolemaic astronomy was "normal science" within a paradigm, whereas the [[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions#The Copernican Revolution|Copernican revolution]] was a paradigm shift.]] [[Fasciculus:JeremiahHorrocks.jpg|thumb|[[Ieremias Horrocks]] makes the first observation of the transit of Venus in 1639, as imagined by the artist [[Gulielmus Ricardus Lavender|W. R. Lavender]] in 1903]]--> [[Fasciculus:Paul Feyerabend Berkeley.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Paulus Carolus Feyerabend]].]] [[Fasciculus:Ernst-Mach-1900.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Ernestus Mach]] anno 1900]] [[Fasciculus:Triangle illustration.svg|thumb|upright=0.4|[[Triangulum]].]] Non convenit inter philosophos de multis principalibus quaestionibus, quae philosophiam scientiae tractant, sicut hoc, num scientia [[realismus scientificus|veritatem de rebus inobservabilibus]] revelare, et num [[quaestio inductionis|ratiocinationi scientificae potestas dari]] possit. Praeter has quaestiones generales de tota scientia, philosophi scientiae de quaestionibus disputant, quae ad certas scientias adhibentur (sicut de [[philosophia biologiae|biologia]] et [[philosophia physicae|physica]]). Nonnulli philosophi scientiae etiam exitibus hodiernis, qui ex scientia secuti sunt, utuntur ad conclusiones de philosophia ipsa attinendas. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} *[[Analysis]] *[[Bioethica]] *[[Cognitio]] *[[Empirismus]] *[[Ethica medica]] *[[Experimentum mentale]] *[[Historia et philosophia scientiae]] *[[Historia scientiae]] *[[Inobservabile]] *[[Naturalismus (philosophia)|Naturalismus philosophicus]] *[[Neoplatonismus]] *[[Lex scientifica]] *[[Paradigma]] *[[Philosophia continentalis]] *[[Philosophia linguae]] *[[Philosophia mathematicae]] *[[Philosophia moderna]] *[[Positivismus logicus]] *[[Pragmatismus]] *[[Rationalismus]] *[[Ratiocinatio inductiva]] *[[Realismus scientificus]] *[[Reductionismus]] *[[Stephanus Toulmin]] *[[Verificatio]] {{div col end}}<!-- ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div>--> ==Bibliographia== *Gauch, Hugh G. [[2002]]. ''Scientific Method in Practice.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. *Heilbron, J. L., ed. [[2003]]. ''The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science.'' Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195112296. *Kneale, William, et Martha Kneale. [[1962]]. ''The Development of Logic.'' Londinii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198241836. *Simpson, G. G. [[1963]]. Historical science. In ''Fabric of geology,'' ed. C. C. Albritton, Jr., 24–48. Stanfordiae Californiae: Freeman, Cooper, and Company. *Gould, Stephen J. [[1987]]. ''Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle: Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674891996. [https://books.google.com/books?id=UeGXJ5b8Ph0C&lpg=PA120&pg=PA120#v=snippet&q=You%20first%20assume&f=false Google Books.] *Whitehead, A. N. [[1920]], [[1997]]. ''Science and the Modern World.'' Lowell Lectures. Free Press. ISBN 9780684836393. [https://books.google.com/books?id=L6kZPLbCrScC&pg=PA135 Google Books.] ==Bibliographia addita== *Bovens, L. and Hartmann, S. [[2003]]. ''Bayesian Epistemology.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. *Gutting, Gary. [[2004]]. ''Continental Philosophy of Science.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishers. *Kuhn, Thomas S. [[1970]]. ''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.'' Ed. 2a. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226458040. *Losee, J. [[1998]]. ''A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. *Papineau, David. [[2005]]. Science, problems of the philosophy of. ''Oxford Companion to Philosophy.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. *Salmon, Merrilee, John Earman, Clark Glymour, James G. Lenno, Peter Machamer, J. E. McGuire, John D. Norton, Wesley C. Salmon, et Kenneth F. Schaffner. [[1992]]. ''Introduction to the Philosophy of Science.'' Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0136633455. *Popper, Karl. [[1963]]. ''Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge.'' ISBN 0415043182. *van Fraassen, Bas. [[1980]]. ''The Scientific Image.'' Oxoniae: The Clarendon Press. ISBN 019824424X. *Ziman, John. [[2000]]. ''Real Science: what it is, and what it means.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. {{Myrias|Philosophia}} [[Categoria:Epistemologia]] [[Categoria:Philosophia scientiae| ]]<!-- + [[Categoria:Studia scientiae]]--> riq9x7kv5mwyxqom2gqa2r7i53lkj54 0 267036 3986876 3985574 2026-09-09T14:02:37Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in CUX.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Cuxhavensi]] '''Circulus Cuxhavensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cuxhavensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cuxhaven'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cuxhavia]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cuxhavensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Cuxhaven''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Cuxhoben''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est et circulis pristinis Hadeln et Wesermünde atque urbe [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> conditus est. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli partim ad [[Ducatus Bremensis|Ducatum Bremensem]] pertinet, cum urbs [[Cuxhavia]] pars [[Hamburgum|Hamburgi]] fuit. Anno [[1715]] Ducatus Bremensem ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Imperii Francici]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1937]] etiam [[Cuxhavia]] urbs pars Borussiae facta est. Ab anno [[1946]] totus ager circuli futuri pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1977]] circulus conditus est. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'') (13.503 incolae) * [[Cuxhavia]], caput circuli (48.264) * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'') commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (30.936) * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'') (10.991) * [[Loxstedt]] (15.980) * [[Schiffdorf]] (14.095) * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] (16.965) * [[Districtus Lamestede (commune generale)|Districtus Lamestede]]<ref name="Börde">Theodiscum vocabulum ''Börde'' Latino "districtus-us" vertitur. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/61948/pg61948-images.html?utm ''Mittelniederdeutsches Handwörterbuch''], ubi dicitur " (...) '''borde'', ''f. (eig. districtus judicii temporalis; dann überh.:) Bezirk, Landschaft (Börde)'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Lamestede"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Börde Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'') (6052) ** [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'') (646) ** [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'') (898) ** [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'') (sedes administrationis) (3349) ** [[Mittelstenahe]] (601) ** [[Stinstedt]] (558) * [[Hemmoor (commune generale)|Hemmor]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'') (14.189) ** [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'') (3500) ** [[Hemmoor]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor''), urbs et sedes administrationis (8861) ** [[Osten]] (1828) * [[Terra Hadelensis (commune generale)|Terra Hadelensis]] (27.128) ** [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'') (838) ** [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'') (884) ** [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'') (1588) ** [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'') (4126) ** Neuenkirchen (1378) ** [[Neuhaus (Oste)|Neuhaus]] (1186) ** [[Nordleda]] (1084) ** [[Oberndorf]] (1359) ** [[Odisheim]] (497) ** [[Osterbruch]] (520) ** [[Otterndorf]], oppidum, sedes administrationis (7230) ** [[Steinau]] (845) ** [[Wanna]] (2179) ** [[Wingst]] (3414) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Cuxhaven|Circulum Cuxhavensem}} * [http://www.landkreis-cuxhaven.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cuxhavensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] sddd96wjkhamv0assinhumb57ee449i 0 267154 3986884 3985567 2026-09-09T14:18:14Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus " Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Neoburgensis-e" et "Visurgensis-e" ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Nienborg/Werser''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] olim pertinuit; anno autem [[1805]] cum toto electoratu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1807]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Es anno [[1946]], circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet, et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accepit == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniunguntur: {{div col|2}} * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]], Germanice ''Nienburg/Weser'', caput circuli (31.193 incolae) * [[Rehburg-Loccum]], Oppidum (10.154) * [[Steyerberg]] (5262) * [[Comitatus Hoya (commune generale)|Comitatus Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Grafschaft Hoya''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graafschop Hoya'') commune generale (16.757) ** [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'') oppidum (2139) ** [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'') (3251) ** [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'') (478) ** [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'') (571) ** [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'') (1856) ** [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'') (2181) ** [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen''), urbs et sedes administrationis (3.772) ** [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'') (953) ** [[Schweringen]] (800) ** [[Warpe]] (756) * [[Heemsa (commune generale)|Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') commune generale (6.019) ** [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'') oppidum (1734) ** [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'') (1559) ** [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') (1706) ** [[Rohrsen]], sedes administrationis (1020) * [[Liebenau (commune generale)|Liebenau]] commune generale (5.950) ** [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'') (1010) ** [[Liebenau]], sedes administrationis (3688) ** [[Pennigsehl]] (1252) * [[Marklohe (commune generale)|Marklohe]] commune generale (8.349) ** [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'') (1752) ** [[Marklohe]], sedes administrationis (4432) ** [[Wietzen]] (2165) * [[Mittelweser (commune generale)|Mittelweser]] commune generale (15.830) ** [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'') (1668) ** [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'') (2338) ** [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen'') (2730) ** [[Leese]] (1638) ** [[Stolzenau]], sedes administrationis (7456) * [[Steimbke (commune generale)|Steimbke]] commune generale (7.186) ** [[Linsburg]] (922) ** [[Rodewald]] (2496) ** [[Steimbke]], sedes administrationis (2466) ** [[Stöckse]] (1302) * [[Uchte (commune generale)|Uchte]] commune generale (13.932) ** [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'') oppidum (3883) ** [[Raddestorf]] (1886) ** [[Uchte]] (4882) ** [[Warmsen]] (3281) {{div col end}} == Notae == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NI.svg|right|300px|Communia in circulo Neoburgensi.]] <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Nienburg/Weser|Circulum Neoburgensem}} * [http://www.lk-nienburg.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neoburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 85sumubwbjqyesiesvf0ebuclr2wnyj 3986890 3986884 2026-09-09T14:31:02Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3986890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus " Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Neoburgensis-e" et "Visurgensis-e" ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Nienborg/Werser''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] olim pertinuit; anno autem [[1805]] cum toto electoratu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1807]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Es anno [[1946]], circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet, et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accepit == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniunguntur: {{div col|2}} * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]], Germanice ''Nienburg/Weser'', caput circuli (31.193 incolae) * [[Rehburg-Loccum]], Oppidum (10.154) * [[Steyerberg]] (5262) * [[Comitatus Hoya (commune generale)|Comitatus Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Grafschaft Hoya''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graafschop Hoya'') commune generale (16.757) ** [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'') oppidum (2139) ** [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'') (3251) ** [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'') (478) ** [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'') (571) ** [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'') (1856) ** [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'') (2181) ** [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen''), urbs et sedes administrationis (3.772) ** [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'') (953) ** [[Schweringen]] (800) ** [[Warpe]] (756) * [[Heemsa (commune generale)|Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') commune generale (6.019) ** [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'') oppidum (1734) ** [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'') (1559) ** [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') (1706) ** [[Rohrsen]], sedes administrationis (1020) * [[Liebenau (commune generale)|Liebenau]] commune generale (5.950) ** [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'') (1010) ** [[Liebenau]], sedes administrationis (3688) ** [[Pennigsehl]] (1252) * [[Marklohe (commune generale)|Marklohe]] commune generale (8.349) ** [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'') (1752) ** [[Marklohe]], sedes administrationis (4432) ** [[Wietzen]] (2165) * [[Steimbke (commune generale)|Steimbke]] commune generale (7.186) ** [[Linsburg]] (922) ** [[Rodewald]] (2496) ** [[Steimbke]], sedes administrationis (2466) ** [[Stöckse]] (1302) * [[Uchte (commune generale)|Uchte]] commune generale (13.932) ** [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'') oppidum (3883) ** [[Raddestorf]] (1886) ** [[Uchte]] (4882) ** [[Warmsen]] (3281) * [[Visurgis Medius (commune generale)|Visurgis Medius]]<ref name="Mittelweser">[Theodiscum praefixum "Mittel-'' Latino adiectivo "medius-a-um"] et Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-weser'' Latino hydronymo "[[Visurgis|Visurgis-is]]" vertitur. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelweser'') commune generale (15.830) ** [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'') (1668) ** [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'') (2338) ** [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen'') (2730) ** [[Leese]] (1638) ** [[Stolzenau]], sedes administrationis (7456) {{div col end}} == Notae == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NI.svg|right|300px|Communia in circulo Neoburgensi.]] <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Nienburg/Weser|Circulum Neoburgensem}} * [http://www.lk-nienburg.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neoburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] s49ovlq5gfobndlfwf9tyttmnvmw0od 0 270792 3986955 3717142 2026-09-09T19:04:37Z Juvavum 201435 3986955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Galfridus ''Geoffrey'' Sutton''' (natus anno [[1947]], mortuus ineunti mense Septembri [[2026]]<ref>[https://www.liberafolio.org/2026/09/08/forpasis-geoffrey-sutton/ "Forpasis Geoffrey Sutton"] - apud: ''[[Liberum Folium]]'' 8 Septembris 2026) [[britannia Maior|Britannicus]] philologus fuit de [[Linguae Finno-Ugricae|linguis Finno-Ugricis]] necnon de [[Linguae Germanicae|Linguis Germanicis septentrionalibus]]. Est editor, moderator, interpres, expertus studiosus in omnibus quae attinent ad [[lingua Esperantica|linguam Esperanticam]]. == Vita == Idioma [[ludovicus Lazarus Zamenhof|Zamenhofianum]] Galfridus edidicerat anno 1962. Annis a 1972 ad 1973 litteris [[Scandinavia]]e studuit ad Universitatem [[Anglia Orientalis|Angliae Orientalis]], annis autem a 1973 ad 1980 [[Upsalia]]e fuit ubi diploma philosophicum in litteris Scandinavicis adeptus est. Stipendio ab Instituto Suecico recepto thesim doctoratus nanciscendi caussa terminavit. A mense Octobri 1981 annum consulebat dispositoribus periodici [[sinae|Siniensis]] "El Popola Ĉinio" [[Pechinum|Pechini]]. Insuper curavit editionem florilegii ''Ĉina Antologio (1949-1959)''. Annis a 1984 ad 1986 in [[grapheum centrale UEA|grapheo centrali UEA]] [[roterodamum|Roterodami]] moderator fuit periodici "Esperanto". Postea libros de portibus Britannicis et rebus periegeticis in Britannia aspectabilioribus edi iussit. == Opera selecta == === Lingua Esperantica === * '''1969''': ''Konciza Historio pri la Kornvala Lingvo kaj ĝia Literaturo''. * '''2002''': Editio aucta et modernizata opusculi [https://archive.is/20120529004522/http://www.uea.org/dokumentoj/bib/angla.html Ockey, Edward; Sutton, Geoffrey], Bibliografio de vortaroj kaj terminaroj en Esperanto 1887-2002. Rotterdam: UEA 1992-2002. === Idiomatibus aliis (selectio modo) === * '''1976''': ''Nordisk vetenskaplig litteratur om det internationella sprakproblemet'', Upsaliae 1976. * '''2008''': ''Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto 1887-2007'', Novi Eboraci: Mondial 2008 == Nexus externi == * [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/be/helrec.html Recenza komparo de la literaturenciklopedio de Sutton kun alia simila verko, fare de Paul Gubbins] *[http://www.ipernity.com/blog/bernardo/124089 Critica libri de litteris Esperanticis anni 2008 editi] *[http://ifb.bsz-bw.de/bsz303427744rez-1.pdf Critica] altera [[Reinardus Haupenthal|Reinardi Haupenthal]] benevolentis {{lifetime|1947|2026|Sutton, Galfridus}} [[Categoria:Philologi Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Esperantistae]] k88sdbhj2g0fwwkw7xsytbf50hnh8dx 3986957 3986955 2026-09-09T19:05:08Z Juvavum 201435 3986957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Galfridus ''Geoffrey'' Sutton''' (natus anno [[1947]], mortuus ineunti mense Septembri [[2026]]<ref>[https://www.liberafolio.org/2026/09/08/forpasis-geoffrey-sutton/ "Forpasis Geoffrey Sutton"] - apud: ''[[Liberum Folium]]'' 8 Septembris 2026</ref> [[britannia Maior|Britannicus]] philologus fuit de [[Linguae Finno-Ugricae|linguis Finno-Ugricis]] necnon de [[Linguae Germanicae|Linguis Germanicis septentrionalibus]]. Est editor, moderator, interpres, expertus studiosus in omnibus quae attinent ad [[lingua Esperantica|linguam Esperanticam]]. == Vita == Idioma [[ludovicus Lazarus Zamenhof|Zamenhofianum]] Galfridus edidicerat anno 1962. Annis a 1972 ad 1973 litteris [[Scandinavia]]e studuit ad Universitatem [[Anglia Orientalis|Angliae Orientalis]], annis autem a 1973 ad 1980 [[Upsalia]]e fuit ubi diploma philosophicum in litteris Scandinavicis adeptus est. Stipendio ab Instituto Suecico recepto thesim doctoratus nanciscendi caussa terminavit. A mense Octobri 1981 annum consulebat dispositoribus periodici [[sinae|Siniensis]] "El Popola Ĉinio" [[Pechinum|Pechini]]. Insuper curavit editionem florilegii ''Ĉina Antologio (1949-1959)''. Annis a 1984 ad 1986 in [[grapheum centrale UEA|grapheo centrali UEA]] [[roterodamum|Roterodami]] moderator fuit periodici "Esperanto". Postea libros de portibus Britannicis et rebus periegeticis in Britannia aspectabilioribus edi iussit. == Opera selecta == === Lingua Esperantica === * '''1969''': ''Konciza Historio pri la Kornvala Lingvo kaj ĝia Literaturo''. * '''2002''': Editio aucta et modernizata opusculi [https://archive.is/20120529004522/http://www.uea.org/dokumentoj/bib/angla.html Ockey, Edward; Sutton, Geoffrey], Bibliografio de vortaroj kaj terminaroj en Esperanto 1887-2002. Rotterdam: UEA 1992-2002. === Idiomatibus aliis (selectio modo) === * '''1976''': ''Nordisk vetenskaplig litteratur om det internationella sprakproblemet'', Upsaliae 1976. * '''2008''': ''Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto 1887-2007'', Novi Eboraci: Mondial 2008 == Nexus externi == * [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/be/helrec.html Recenza komparo de la literaturenciklopedio de Sutton kun alia simila verko, fare de Paul Gubbins] *[http://www.ipernity.com/blog/bernardo/124089 Critica libri de litteris Esperanticis anni 2008 editi] *[http://ifb.bsz-bw.de/bsz303427744rez-1.pdf Critica] altera [[Reinardus Haupenthal|Reinardi Haupenthal]] benevolentis ==Notae== <references/> {{lifetime|1947|2026|Sutton, Galfridus}} [[Categoria:Philologi Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Esperantistae]] js7557bt0wt231iea36ypq1powktfic 3986959 3986957 2026-09-09T19:05:45Z Juvavum 201435 3986959 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Galfridus ''Geoffrey'' Sutton''' (natus anno [[1947]], mortuus ineunti mense Septembri [[2026]]<ref>[https://www.liberafolio.org/2026/09/08/forpasis-geoffrey-sutton/ "Forpasis Geoffrey Sutton"] - apud: ''[[Liberum Folium]]'' 8 Septembris 2026</ref>) [[britannia Maior|Britannicus]] philologus fuit de [[Linguae Finno-Ugricae|linguis Finno-Ugricis]] necnon de [[Linguae Germanicae|Linguis Germanicis septentrionalibus]]. Est editor, moderator, interpres, expertus studiosus in omnibus quae attinent ad [[lingua Esperantica|linguam Esperanticam]]. == Vita == Idioma [[ludovicus Lazarus Zamenhof|Zamenhofianum]] Galfridus edidicerat anno 1962. Annis a 1972 ad 1973 litteris [[Scandinavia]]e studuit ad Universitatem [[Anglia Orientalis|Angliae Orientalis]], annis autem a 1973 ad 1980 [[Upsalia]]e fuit ubi diploma philosophicum in litteris Scandinavicis adeptus est. Stipendio ab Instituto Suecico recepto thesim doctoratus nanciscendi caussa terminavit. A mense Octobri 1981 annum consulebat dispositoribus periodici [[sinae|Siniensis]] "El Popola Ĉinio" [[Pechinum|Pechini]]. Insuper curavit editionem florilegii ''Ĉina Antologio (1949-1959)''. Annis a 1984 ad 1986 in [[grapheum centrale UEA|grapheo centrali UEA]] [[roterodamum|Roterodami]] moderator fuit periodici "Esperanto". Postea libros de portibus Britannicis et rebus periegeticis in Britannia aspectabilioribus edi iussit. == Opera selecta == === Lingua Esperantica === * '''1969''': ''Konciza Historio pri la Kornvala Lingvo kaj ĝia Literaturo''. * '''2002''': Editio aucta et modernizata opusculi [https://archive.is/20120529004522/http://www.uea.org/dokumentoj/bib/angla.html Ockey, Edward; Sutton, Geoffrey], Bibliografio de vortaroj kaj terminaroj en Esperanto 1887-2002. Rotterdam: UEA 1992-2002. === Idiomatibus aliis (selectio modo) === * '''1976''': ''Nordisk vetenskaplig litteratur om det internationella sprakproblemet'', Upsaliae 1976. * '''2008''': ''Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto 1887-2007'', Novi Eboraci: Mondial 2008 == Nexus externi == * [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/be/helrec.html Recenza komparo de la literaturenciklopedio de Sutton kun alia simila verko, fare de Paul Gubbins] *[http://www.ipernity.com/blog/bernardo/124089 Critica libri de litteris Esperanticis anni 2008 editi] *[http://ifb.bsz-bw.de/bsz303427744rez-1.pdf Critica] altera [[Reinardus Haupenthal|Reinardi Haupenthal]] benevolentis ==Notae== <references/> {{lifetime|1947|2026|Sutton, Galfridus}} [[Categoria:Philologi Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Esperantistae]] kndi4cqf759rd0kragpxiijc3qxf1r5 3986961 3986959 2026-09-09T19:06:14Z Juvavum 201435 3986961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Galfridus ''Geoffrey'' Sutton''' (natus anno [[1947]], mortuus ineunti mense Septembri [[2026]]<ref>[https://www.liberafolio.org/2026/09/08/forpasis-geoffrey-sutton/ "Forpasis Geoffrey Sutton"] - apud: ''[[Liberum Folium]]'' 8 Septembris 2026</ref>) [[britannia Maior|Britannicus]] philologus fuit de [[Linguae Finno-Ugricae|linguis Finno-Ugricis]] necnon de [[Linguae Germanicae|Linguis Germanicis septentrionalibus]]. Fuit editor, moderator, interpres, expertus studiosus in omnibus quae attinebant ad [[lingua Esperantica|linguam Esperanticam]]. == Vita == Idioma [[ludovicus Lazarus Zamenhof|Zamenhofianum]] Galfridus edidicerat anno 1962. Annis a 1972 ad 1973 litteris [[Scandinavia]]e studuit ad Universitatem [[Anglia Orientalis|Angliae Orientalis]], annis autem a 1973 ad 1980 [[Upsalia]]e fuit ubi diploma philosophicum in litteris Scandinavicis adeptus est. Stipendio ab Instituto Suecico recepto thesim doctoratus nanciscendi caussa terminavit. A mense Octobri 1981 annum consulebat dispositoribus periodici [[sinae|Siniensis]] "El Popola Ĉinio" [[Pechinum|Pechini]]. Insuper curavit editionem florilegii ''Ĉina Antologio (1949-1959)''. Annis a 1984 ad 1986 in [[grapheum centrale UEA|grapheo centrali UEA]] [[roterodamum|Roterodami]] moderator fuit periodici "Esperanto". Postea libros de portibus Britannicis et rebus periegeticis in Britannia aspectabilioribus edi iussit. == Opera selecta == === Lingua Esperantica === * '''1969''': ''Konciza Historio pri la Kornvala Lingvo kaj ĝia Literaturo''. * '''2002''': Editio aucta et modernizata opusculi [https://archive.is/20120529004522/http://www.uea.org/dokumentoj/bib/angla.html Ockey, Edward; Sutton, Geoffrey], Bibliografio de vortaroj kaj terminaroj en Esperanto 1887-2002. Rotterdam: UEA 1992-2002. === Idiomatibus aliis (selectio modo) === * '''1976''': ''Nordisk vetenskaplig litteratur om det internationella sprakproblemet'', Upsaliae 1976. * '''2008''': ''Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto 1887-2007'', Novi Eboraci: Mondial 2008 == Nexus externi == * [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/be/helrec.html Recenza komparo de la literaturenciklopedio de Sutton kun alia simila verko, fare de Paul Gubbins] *[http://www.ipernity.com/blog/bernardo/124089 Critica libri de litteris Esperanticis anni 2008 editi] *[http://ifb.bsz-bw.de/bsz303427744rez-1.pdf Critica] altera [[Reinardus Haupenthal|Reinardi Haupenthal]] benevolentis ==Notae== <references/> {{lifetime|1947|2026|Sutton, Galfridus}} [[Categoria:Philologi Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Esperantistae]] 15os7ikuivyec1geo9j90wox4e0pzki 0 275832 3986864 3986825 2026-09-09T12:58:49Z IacobusAmor 1163 3986864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Model of a greek trireme.jpg|thumb|[[Triremis]] Graeca.]] {{res|Thesea navis}},<ref>Apud poetas antiquos ([[Horatius|Horatium]] et [[Propertius|Propertium]] dicimus) ''Thesea carina'' reperitur, imago [[metonymia|metonymica]] partem pro toto substituens.</ref> est exemplar vetustum problematis et [[experimentum mentale|experimenti mentalis]] quod ad rem in mutatione conservandam attinet: num [[identitas|identitatem]] conservaverit res, cui ne una quidem pars de corpore primitus composito reliqua sit, quaeritur. De [[paradoxum|paradoxo]] [[haecceitas|haecceitatis]] agi videtur. [[Plutarchus]], dum gesta [[Theseus|Thesei]] narrat, haec de nave eius refert:<ref>Plut. ''[[Vitae parallelae|Theseus]]'' 23.1.</ref> {{Citatio|Navigium, quo cum iuvenibus navigavit et salvus rediit, remorum triginta, usque ad Demetrii Phalerei aetatem Athenienses conservaverunt, veteri materiae sensim ablatae integram aliam sufficientes, itaque coagmentantes, ut etiam philosophis disputationis incremento atque ambiguitatis exemplo esset haec navis, quam alii eandem manere, alii non eandem, contendant.<ref>Translatio Latina Theodori Doehner leviter mutata.</ref> * Τὸ δὲ πλοῖον ἐν ᾧ μετὰ τῶν ἠϊθέων ἔπλευσε καὶ πάλιν ἐσώθη, τὴν τριακόντορον, ἄχρι τῶν Δημητρίου τοῦ Φαληρέως χρόνων διεφύλαττον οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰ μὲν παλαιὰ τῶν ξύλων ὑφαιροῦντες, ἄλλα δὲ ἐμβάλλοντες ἰσχυρὰ καὶ συμπηγνύντες οὕτως ὥστε καὶ τοῖς φιλοσόφοις εἰς τὸν αὐξόμενον λόγον ἀμφιδοξούμενον παράδειγμα τὸ πλοῖον εἶναι, τῶν μὲν ὡς τὸ αὐτό, τῶν δὲ ὡς οὐ τὸ αὐτὸ διαμένοι λεγόντων.}} Licet quodammodo de appellatione navis hic agatur, tamen non est infitiandum etiam graves quaestiones [[metaphysica]]s hic tractandas esse. Duo utique contextus rerum esse videntur, profectio et adventus, ac, num eadem in utroque contextu spectetur navis, quaeritur. Theseus, nisi in itinere paulatim tabulas reficiendas curasset, navem suam amisisset. Navem igitur mutata materia et constitutione in portum adpulit. Theseus ipse quoque in itinere mutatus idem erat ac proficiscens. Quin etiam navis, nam identitas non est in constitutione materiaria posita.<ref>Johnston 1992; Baker 1997.</ref> Multis post saeculis [[Thomas Hobbes]] [[philosophia|philosophus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] contortionem quandam attulit miratus: quid, si veteres conservatae essent tabulae, quibus deinde secunda navis recollecta esset! Utra navis recte et vere Thesea fuit? {{Citatio|Juxta sententiam secundam, duo corpora etiam simul existentia unum et idem numero essent; nam si navis, exempli causa, illa Thesei (de cujus, paulatim exemptis veteribus tabulis et in earum locum novis suppositis, continuo refectae differentia sophistae Athenienses olim disputarunt) eadem numero esset post mutatas omnes tabulas, quae fuerat ab initio. Et si aliquis veteres tabulas, prout eximebantur, conservasset, atque ex conservatis et eodem postea ordine compactis, navim denuo fabricasset, dubium non est quin haec eadem fuisset numero cum ea navi, quae fuit a principio; et habuissemus duas naves easdem numero; quod est [[absurditas|absurdissimum]].<ref>Thomas Hobbes, ''[[De corpore]]'' 11.7.</ref>}} Quo in statu rerum duae fuissent Theseae naves: una recollecta ex tabulis quae a principio fuerunt, altera mutatis tabulis integris refecta. Utra igitur identitatem conservavit? Si tabulae pristinae reiectae coacervataeque essent, una tantum navis superstes fuisset — eam dicimus quae usque ad [[Demetrius Phalereus|Demetrii Phalerei]] aetatem mansit. Etsi constitutio materiaria non iam eadem esset, tamen identitatem Theseae navis conservavit. Si enim tabula integra pro veteri substituta alia exstitisset navis, paucissimae res diutius puncto temporis durarent, sicut nos homines, nam variante constitutione moleculari quisque nostrum idem manere videtur. Nec maior quidem mutatio, sicut amissio pedis, identitatem hominis obscurabit. Sed quid si respectum ad navem recollectam habemus? In una quidem interrogatione psychologica homines viginti navem refectam, et viginti quattuor navem veteribus recollectis tabulis positam veram esse putaverunt,<ref>Cakar & Hohenberger 2010.</ref> ex quo rem ambiguam esse apparet. Num de vero paradoxo hic agatur, dubium est. Nam post contortionem ab Hobbesio factam duas naves contemplari videmur. Itaque indiciis contrariis inretiti sumus. Si materiaria respicitur constitutio, apparet navem recollectam numero eandem esse atque illam navem, qua Theseus olim ex portu enavigasse dicitur. Non quidem haec est navis, quam itinere facto rursus in portum adpulit. Nam si illa nave vectus esset, fieri potuisset, ut una cum nave aquis submersus esset. Profecto navis illa recollecta nihil esset nisi monumentum quoddam ex quo causa refectae navis manifesta esset. Censuit enim Theseus reficiendam esse navem, ut eadem (respectu utilitatis) maneret. Ita [[identitas relativa|identitatem relativam]] conservaverat. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Adkins, Brent (2015) ''Deleuze and Guattari's'' A Thousand Plateaus'': A Critical Introduction and Guide.'' Edinburgh University Press. * Baker, L. R. (1997) Why constitution is not identity. ''Journal of Philosophy´´ 94(12): 599-621. * Cakar, Tuna & Hohenberger, Annette (2010) The Ship of Theseus: Using Mathematical and Computational Models for Predicting Identity Judgments. Middle East Technical University, Ankara. * Clark, M. (2002) ''Paradoxes from A to Z.'' TJ International Ltd. * Deutsch, Harry & Garbacz, Pawel (2018) Relative Identity. ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. * Gallois, André (2016) Identity over time. ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. * Hall, D. G. (1998) Continuity and the persistence of objects: When the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. ''Cognitive Psychology'' 37: 28-59. * Johnston, M. (1992) Constitution is not identity. ''Mind'' 101(401): 89-105. * Lewis, David (1976) Survival and Identity. ''The Identities of Persons'', ed. Amelie O. Rorty. University of California Press. * Rips, L. J.; Blok, S.; Newman, G. (2006) Tracing the identity of objects. ''Psychological Review'' 113: 1-30. * Rosenberg, Jay F. (1993) ''Philosophieren. Ein Handbuch für Anfänger''. Klostermann Verlag. * Wiggins, D. (2001) ''Sameness and Substance Renewed.'' Cambridge University Press. [[Categoria:Experimenta mentalia]] [[Categoria:Metaphysica]] 6ikmdff3y6r8de8so9lj086ybzg5cu3 0 304601 3987017 3731199 2026-09-09T22:39:44Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 3987017 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Shabunin Pomors 15.jpg|thumb|Vir Pomorus cum [[trahea]] (photographema saeculo XX ineunte factim)]]{{videdis|Pomoria (discretiva)}} '''Pomoria'''<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=R2hRAQAAIAAJ&q=pomoria+orientalis+regio+paludosa&dq=pomoria+orientalis+regio+paludosa&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjj_t60lpj7AhXR-ioKHShIC7MQ6AF6BAgHEAI Toimituksia: Annales. Biologica. Series A. 1954, p. 109]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=5bVFAAAAcAAJ&q=pomoriae#v=snippet&q=pomoriae&f=false Ius Polonicum:, Varsaviae 1831, pp. 270, 271]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=E-8KAAAAIAAJ&q=pomoriam&dq=pomoriam&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0_OXckZj7AhUS6CoKHeMsALEQ6AF6BAgJEAI Monumenta Poloniae historica:, vol. II, 1961, p. 518]. De adiectivo cf. binomina ''Hieracium pomoricum, Tubifex pomoricus''. Regio botanica ''Karelia pomorica'', — [https://books.google.ru/books?id=eYgLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA76&dq=pomorica&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilu8fzjZj7AhWsCRAIHWuHAbMQ6AF6BAgBEAI#v=onepage&q=pomorica&f=false ]. [https://books.google.ru/books?id=v_E4AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PT2&dq=karelia+pomorica+ladogensis&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiw5eCwj5j7AhVOlosKHd88DLQQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=karelia%20pomorica%20ladogensis&f=false ].</ref> est regio historica [[Russia]]e borealis. Sensu strictissimo Pomoria est [[mare Album|maris Albi]] litus Pomoricum, quod ab ostio [[Onega (flumen)|Onega]]e ad ostium [[Kemium (flumen)|Kemii]] extentum est (i.e. [[sinus Onegensis]] litus occidentale). Sed saepius Pomoria nominantur et terrae omnes ad mare Album et ad partem orientalem [[mare Barentsianum|maris Barentsiani]] iacentes et regio [[Petschora]]e fluminis (ubi [[Pustoosero]] et Ostium [[Czilma]]e vici Pomorici famosi siti sunt). His terris [[Medio aevo]] coloniae [[ducatus Novogardiensis|Novogardiensium]] conditae sunt. [[Fasciculus:Pomor man.jpg|thumb|Pomori in nave piscatoria]] Pomori, Pomoriae incolae, dialecto septentionali loquentes, [[piscatus|piscatui]] et navigationi fluviali vel marinae studium maximum dabant. [[Bylinae]] antiquae apud Pomoros solos servatae sunt. ==Notae== <references /> ==Nexus interni== *[[Polessia]] ==Nexus externi== * [http://bse.sci-lib.com/article091395.html Pomoria] in ''Encyclopaedia Sovietica magna'' * [[:s:ru:ЭСБЕ/Поморье|Pomoria]] in ''[[Lexicon encyclopaedicum Brockhaus et Efron|Lexico encyclopaedico Brockhaus et Efron]]'' {{ling|Russice}} [[Categoria:Regiones antiquae Europae]] [[Categoria:Mare Album]] [[Categoria:Mare Barentsianum]] [[Categoria:Regiones Russiae]] [[Categoria:Russia Europaea]] 0cvrgfssyb2aea4d97nvelaukoi38xg 0 304802 3986972 3980022 2026-09-09T19:59:07Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Add 1 book for [[Vicipaedia:Fons]] (20260909sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 3986972 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Caffeine structure.svg|thumb|upright=0.6|Forma caffeini in [[spatium dimensionum duarum|spatio dimensionum duarum]].]] '''Caffeinum''' est [[stimulans]] [[systema nervosum centrale|systematis nervosi centralis]] [[classis chemica|classis chemicae]] [[methylxanthinum|methylxanthinorum]].<ref name="pmid1356551">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nehlig A., Daval J. L., Debry G. | title = Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_brain-research-reviews_may-august-1992_17_2/page/139 | journal = Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 139–70 | year = [[1992]] | pmid = 1356551 | doi = 10.1016/0165-0173(92)90012-B | s2cid = 14277779 }}.</ref> [[Nootropicum|Amplificationi]] [[cognitio|cognitivae]] prodest, alacritatem [[animus|animique]] attentionem augens.<ref name="caffeine & theanine">{{cite journal | vauthors = Camfield D. A., Stough C., Farrimond J., Scholey A. B. | title = Acute effects of tea constituents L-theanine, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate on cognitive function and mood: a systematic review and meta-analysis | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nutrition-reviews_2014-08_72_8/page/507 | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 72 | issue = 8 | pages = 507–22 | date = Augustus [[2014]] | pmid = 24946991 | doi = 10.1111/nure.12120 }}.</ref><ref name="Continuum">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wood S., Sage J. R., Shuman T., Anagnostaras S. G. | title = Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation | journal = Pharmacological Reviews | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 193–221 | date = Ianuarius [[2014]] | pmid = 24344115 | pmc = 3880463 | doi = 10.1124/pr.112.007054 }}.</ref> Caffeinum prohibet ne [[adenosinum]] se ad adenosinum A₁ liget, quod vicissim [[acetylcholinum]] [[neurotransmissor]]is liberandum auget.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carter A. J., O'Connor W. T., Carter M. J., Ungerstedt U. | title = Caffeine enhances acetylcholine release in the hippocampus in vivo by a selective interaction with adenosine A1 receptors | url = https://archive.org/details/journal-of-pharmacology-and-experimental-therapeutics_1995_273_1-2/page/637 | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 273 | issue = 2 | pages = 637–42 | date = Maius [[1995]] | pmid = 7752065 }}</ref> "Caffeino est forma [[spatium dimensionum trium|spatii dimensionum trium]] illi adenosini similis,"<ref>[[Anglice]] "Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine."</ref> per quam eius receptores ligat et coercet.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Hillis D. M., Sadava D., Hill R. W., Price M. V. | title = Principles of Life | edition = secunda | pages = 102–103 | year = [[2015]] | isbn = 978-1-4641-8652-3 }}.</ref> Caffeinum gradus [[cyclicum monophosphatis adenosinum|cyclici monophosphatis adenosini]] per phosphodiesterasem non diserte inhibendam auget.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Faudone G., Arifi S., Merk D. | title = The Medicinal Chemistry of Caffeine | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 64 | issue = 11 | pages = 7156–78 | date = Iunius [[2021]] | pmid = 34019396 | doi = 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00261 | s2cid = 235094871 }}.</ref> == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Caffeine molecule ball from xtal (1).png|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Forma caffeini in [[spatium dimensionum trium|spatio dimensionum trium]].]] [[Fasciculus:Pierre Joseph Pelletier.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Petrus Iosephus Pelletier]].]] [[Friedlieb Ferdinandus Runge]], [[chemicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]], caffeinum aliquantulum purum primum anno [[1819]] secrevit, quod Kaffebase appellavit (h.e., unam ex [[basis (chemia)|basibus]] quae in [[coffea]] insunt).<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Runge F. F. |title=Neueste phytochemische Entdeckungen zur Begründung einer wissenschaftlichen Phytochemie |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=KLg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=P146}} |year=[[1820]] |publisher=G. Reimer |location=Berolini |pages=144–59 |trans-title=Recentissima inventa phytochemica ad phytochemiam scientificam condendam |access-date=8 Ianuarii 2014}}.</ref> Secundum Runge, sic agebat, [[Ioannes Volfgangus Goethius|Ioanne Volfgangio Goethio]] rogante.<ref>''Hauswirtschaftlichen Briefen'' ('Epistulae Domesticae') in libro Friedlieb Ferdinandi Runge (1866). </ref><ref>Ioannes Volfgangus Goethius, ''Goethes Gespräche'', vol. 10: ''Nachträge, 1755–1832,'' ed. F. W. von Biedermann (Lipsiae: F. W. v. Biedermann, 1896), pp. 89–96; vide praecipue {{google books |plainurl=y |id=MacwAAAAYAAJ|page=95}} paginam 95.</ref><ref name="weinberg">{{cite book | vauthors = Weinberg B. A., Bealer B. K. | title = The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug | publisher = Routledge | year = [[2001]] | isbn = 978-0-415-92723-9 | pages = xvii–xxi | url = https://archive.org/details/worldofcaffeines00benn }}.</ref> Caffeinum anno [[1821]] iterum secretum est a [[Petrus Ioannes Robiquet|Petro Ioanne Robiquet]] chemico [[Francia|Francico]] et separatim a [[Petrus Iosephus Pelletier|Petro Iosepho Pelletier]] et [[Iosephus Beneamatus Caventou|Iosepho Beneamato Caventou]],<!--Bienaimé --> binis chemicis Francicis, ut [[Ioannes Iacobus Berzelius]] chemicus [[Suecia|Suecicus]] in suo [[diarium|diario]] annuo commemoravit. Praeterea, Berzelius dixit chemicos Francicos caffeinum invenisse quamquam opera Rungiana et opera inter se nescirent.<ref>{{cite book |year=[[1825]] |title=Jahres-Bericht über die Fortschritte der physischen Wissenschaften von Jacob Berzelius |volume=4 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=XJI8AAAAIAAJ|page=1}} |language=de |trans-title=Annual report on the progress of the physical sciences by Jacob Berzelius |vauthors=Berzelius JJ |quote=Caféin ist eine Materie im Kaffee, die zu gleicher Zeit, 1821, von Robiquet und Pelletier und Caventou entdekt wurde, von denen aber keine etwas darüber im Drucke bekannt machte. |trans-quote=Caffeine is a material in coffee, which was discovered at the same time, 1821, by Robiquet and [by] Pelletier and Caventou, by whom however nothing was made known about it in the press. |quote-page=180}}.</ref> {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} * [[Amphetaminum]] * [[Cocainum]] * [[Coffea]] * [[Mate]] * [[Methylliberinum]] * [[Potio refrigeratoria]] * [[Socolata]] * [[Thea]] * [[Theobrominum]] * [[Theophyllinum]] * [[Xanthosinum]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Bersten, I. [[1999]]. ''Coffee, Sex & Health: A history of anti-coffee crusaders and sexual hysteria.'' Sydneii: Helian Books. ISBN 978-0-9577581-0-0. * Carpenter, M. [[2015]]. ''Caffeinated: How Our Daily Habit Helps, Hurts, and Hooks Us.'' Plume. ISBN 978-0142181805. * Gilbert, Richard M. [[1986]]. ''Caffeine, the most popular stimulant.'' Praefatio Jack Mendelson et Nancy Mello. Novi Eboraci: Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 0877547564. * Gupta, B. S., et Uma Gupta. [[1999]]. ''Caffeine and behavior: current views and research trends.'' Boca Raton in Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0849311667. * Kushner, Marina. [[2006]]. ''The truth about caffeine : how companies that promote it deceive us and what we can do about it.'' Royersford in Pennsylvania: SCR Books. ISBN 9780974758213, 0974758213. * Pendergrast, M. (1999) [[2001]]. ''Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World.'' Londinii: Texere. ISBN 978-1-58799-088-5. * Pollan, M. [[2021]]. ''This Is Your Mind on Plants.'' Penguin Press. ISBN 9780593296905. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Caffeine|caffeinum}} * [http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/43595824-4FD6-4B29-AFC2-2771E487F6F3.aspx "GMD MS Spectrum."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110813123009/http://chemsub.online.fr/name/Caffeine.html "Caffeine: ChemSub Online."] * [http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_caffeine.htm "Caffeine"] apud ''The Periodic Table of Videos'' (Universitas Nottinghamensis). <!--[[Categoria:Alcaloida in plantis reperta]]--> [[Categoria:Antagonistae receptorum adenosini]] [[Categoria:Antagonistae receptorum glycini]] [[Categoria:Anxiogenica]] [[Categoria:Auxilia ergogenetica]] [[Categoria:Caffeinum| ]] [[Categoria:Carcinogena Gregis 3 IARC]] [[Categoria:Composita amara]] [[Categoria:Elementa socolatae]] [[Categoria:Inhibitores acetylcholinesterasis]] [[Categoria:Inhibitores phosphodiesterasis]] [[Categoria:Insecticidae in toxinis plantarum conditae]] [[Categoria:Mutagena]] [[Categoria:Nootropica]] [[Categoria:Purina]] [[Categoria:Stimulantia]] [[Categoria:Vasoconstrictores]] [[Categoria:Xanthina]]<!-- + [[Category:Multiple Chemboxes|X]] =??? --> {{Myrias|Physica}} k1k6tibr42xd7bnnrngmqtvb7mqu5kt 2 306586 3987042 3976448 2026-09-10T00:00:42Z Grufo 64423 3987042 wikitext text/x-wiki Paginae stipulaeque a me creatae: * [[arXiv]] * [[Barbara barbaribus barbabant barbara barbis]] * [[Bicinium]] * [[Breve (orthographia Latina)]] * [[Calceus subrotatus]] * [[Calculatrum]] * [[Celeritas fugae]] * [[Caerellia]] * [[Cinematographema]] * [[Conferentia]] * [[Constans Boltzmanniana]] * [[Constans Coulombiana]] * [[Constans electrica]] * [[Constans Fermiana]] * [[Constans gravitatis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * [[Constans structurae subtilis]] * [[Corpus celeste mollem radiationem gamma iterans]] * [[Digitale operis indicatrum]] * [[Fustrum]] * [[Gaia BH1]] * [[Iactus (astrophysica)]] * [[Iactus (fluidum)]] * [[Lectrum]] * [[Lex quadratica inversa]] * [[Lucia Salani]] * [[Magister cappellae]] * [[Magnetar]] * [[Massa Iovis]] * [[Massa Lunae]] * [[Massa Solis]] * [[Massa Telluris]] * [[MetaVici]] * [[Michaël Angelus Falvetti]] * [[Mixtrum]] * [[Nationale Admonitorium Concilium pro Aëronautica]] * [[Nicolaus Antonius Manfroce]] * [[Onus electricum Planckianum]] * [[Opus exgraphiatum]] * [[Parsec]] * [[Petrus Paulus Caravagius Maior]] * [[Planeta pulsaris]] * [[Planta pedis]] * [[Pixel]] * [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[PSR B1257+12]] * [[PSR B1257+12 b]] * [[PSR B1257+12 c]] * [[PSR B1257+12 d]] * [[Pulsar enormium radiorum Roentgenianorum]] * [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]] * [[Quantitas substantiae]] * [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]] * [[Recensio inter pares]] * [[Sagittarius A]] * [[Sagittarius A*]] * [[Shannon (unitas)]] * [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] * [[Sonus decrescens]] * [[Sonus increscens]] * [[Sonus increscens Rossinianus]] * [[Spacellificatio]] * [[Spatiplanum]] * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Stella degener]] * [[Stella variabilis cataclysmica]] * [[Stella variabilis Cepheis]] * [[Subtel]] * [[Systema relationum]] * [[Televistrum]] * [[Unda prorae]] * [[Unda prorae (astronomia)]] * [[Uniforme Rerum Locatrum]] * [[Unitas mensuralis]] * [[Unitates Stoneyanae]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] * [[Vas]] * [[Ventilatrum]] * [[Ventus stellaris]] * [[Vicidata]] * [[Vis aestualis]] Paginae existentes a me rescriptae: * [[Accumulatrum (energia)]] * [[Bitus]] Paginae in aliis spatiis nominalibus a me creatae: * [[Auxilium:Adumbratio in spatio usoris]] * [[Auxilium:De veteribus disputationibus ad tabularium movendis]] * [[Auxilium:Exemplaria]] * [[Auxilium:Formulae machinariae]] * [[Auxilium:Harenarium]] * [[Auxilium:HTML in vicitextu]] * [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] * [[Vicipaedia:Gratulatio]] * [[Vicipaedia:Officina]] * [[Vicipaedia:Tutela]] * [[Vicipaedia:Vexatissimae paginae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Vicipaedia antiqua]] bl58y5ulei9tod5tk5cp8uo1qg1elj5 0 313140 3986936 3841867 2026-09-09T17:27:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986936 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Gravure door Reinier van Persijn.jpg|thumb|Olor musicus. Imago aeri incisa (1655).]] '''Oloris cantus'''<ref>Plinius Maior X.63: '''''olorum''' morte narratur flebilis '''cantus'''''</ref> vel '''cantus olorinus'''<ref>[[Sidonius Apollinaris]], ''Epistulae'' VIII.9.4: ''cantuum ... olorinorum quorum est modulatior clangor in poenis''.</ref> sive '''cygnea cantio'''<ref>Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander (ed.): [http://www.zeno.org/nid/20011719397 "Schwanengesang"] - apud: ''Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon'', tomus 4. Lipsiae 1876, col. 417-418</ref> est [[Figura dicendi|locutio figurata]] e loco [[Plato|Platonici]] ''[[Phaedo (Plato)|Phaedonis]]'' ducta, ubi [[Socrates]] sese cum [[olor|oloribus]], [[Apollo|Apollinis]] [[aves|avibus]], comparat, dicens eos, [[mors|morte]] appropinquante, futurorum praescienta a [[deus|deo]] donatos, plura atque [[pulchritudo|pulchriora]] canere,<ref>85a: ''ᾄδοντες καὶ ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν χρόνῳ, τότε δὴ πλεῖστα καὶ κάλλιστα ᾄδουσι, γεγηθότες ὅτι μέλλουσι παρὰ τὸν θεὸν ἀπιέναι οὗπέρ εἰσι θεράποντες'' = 'canunt quidem et antea sed tunc plurime et pulcherrime, quia gaudent quod profecturi sint apud deum cuius sunt ministri'.</ref> quam in cetera vita quia felicitatem eos opperientem senserunt. Homines econtra quia ipsi mortem reformidant falso putant cycnos vitam finientem ita plorare. Iam [[Aeschylus]] eidem fabulae alluserat.<ref>''[[Agamemnon (Aeschylus)|Agamemnon]]'' 1443-5: ([[Clytaemestra|Clytemnestra]] de [[Cassandra]]:) ''ἡ δέ τοι κύκνου δίκην // τὸν ὕστατον μέλψασα θανάσιμον γόον // κεῖται'' = Haec cygni modo ultimum modulata mortalem gemitum iacet.</ref> An revera olores morientes ita canant alia quaestio: iam [[Plinius Maior]] id negabat, e quibusdam experimentis certior factus ut dicebat.<ref>Loc. laud.{{dubsig}}</ref> Hodie haec locutio de pulchro opere adhibetur aut alio magno incepto quod [[artifex]] quidam, paulo antequam moreretur aut alia de causa artem deponere cogeretur, velut ultimum fulgorem, ut ita dicam, ante [[nox|noctem]] profundam effecerit. Ita exempli gratia carminum posthumorum [[Franciscus Schubert|Francisci Schubert]] collectaneum sub titulo ''Schwanengesang'' ("Oloris cantus") publicatum est. {{NexInt}} *{{Creanda|en|Cycnus of Liguria|Cycnus Liguriensis}} *''[[Cycnus olor]]'' ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.zeno.org/Brockhaus-1809/B/Der+Schwanengesang?hl=schwanengesang "Der Schwanengesang"] - apud: ''Brockhaus Conversations-Lexikon'', tomus 8, Lipsiae 1811, p. 350 == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Aeschylus]] [[Categoria:Cygnus]] [[Categoria:Locutiones multilingues]] [[Categoria:Plato]] a4hje776y5999d9twbb110rrkkh20cn 0 319547 3986860 3986817 2026-09-09T12:52:10Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3986860 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Deliberations of Congress.jpg|thumb|[[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] asino Buridani comparatus.]] '''Asinus Buridani''' est [[experimentum mentale]] ad [[Ioannes Buridanus|Iohannem Buridanum]] ([[1300]]–[[1358]]) [[philosophia|philosophum]] [[Francia|Francicum]] [[scholastica (philosophia)|scholasticum]] adscriptum, quod eius [[psychologia]]m inlustrare videtur. Nam psychologia Buridani optiones, nisi ratione deliberationeque nitantur, fieri non permittit. Si enim eligendum sit inter binas praelationes sive optiones praelatas, nonne rationabilius videatur talem quam malis rem optare quam quandam eligere quae solum praesto sit? Ubi nulla praelatio est, nulla ratio optionis esse videtur. Quae ratiocinatio hoc praeceptum confirmare videtur: Nulla optio rationabilis sine praelatione. Tamen hoc argumentum, quamvis prima facie probabile videatur, ex toto correctum accipi non potest. Nota est enim res contraposita: asinus Buridani.<ref>Rescher 1960; Tyler 2008.</ref> Asinus (experimento mentali fictus) esuriens inter duos persimiles [[faenum|faeni]] manipulos stat dubitans, utrolibet vescatur. Nam nulla causa esse videtur, cur ex alterutro manipulo faeni vesci malit. Sed alterutro vesci debet, aut fame peribit. Ita belua nostra, quia rationabilis est, unum faeni manipulum nulli praeferet, et ita unum manipulum eligere debet. Tamen nulla omnino causa est, cur alteruter manipulus praeferatur. Inde sequi videtur, ut optio rationabilis sine praelatione nihilo minus aliquo modo fieri debeat.<ref>Rescher 1960; Tyler 2008.</ref> Asinus Buridani in scriptis Iohannis Buridani inveniri non videtur, neque saltem asinus.<ref>Rescher 1960: 144, 153.</ref> Ignoratur tamen fons huius [[proverbium|adagii]]. Forsitan ipse fuerit, sed [[Aristoteles|Aristotelem]], cuius [[physica]]e peritus erat, redolet ipsa opinio. Ad minimum hic inveniri potest locus Aristotelius: {{Ipse dixit|Sicut dicitur de quodam, qui vehementer aequabiliterque esurit et sitit ac a cibis et potionibus aeque distat, et cui ideo quiescere necesse est.<ref> [ὥσπερ ὁ περὶ] τοῦ πεινῶντος καὶ διψῶντος σφόδρα μέν, ὁμοίως δέ, καὶ τῶν ἐδωδίμων καὶ ποτῶν ἴσον ἀπέχοντος [λόγος]· καὶ γὰρ τοῦτον ἠρεμεῖν ἀναγκαῖον.</ref> |Aristoteles, ''[[De caelo]]'' 295b}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Rescher, Nicholas (1960) Choice without Preference. A Study of the History and of the Logic of the Problem of “Buridan’s Ass”. ''Kant-Studien'' 51: 142–175. * Tyler, Tom (2008) The Quiescent Ass and the Dumbstruck Wolf. ''Configurations'' 14: 9–28. [[Categoria:Experimenta mentalia]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] faf2rhk7c9y2c0ci04f1esq3wzu3ubb 2 319751 3986933 3976125 2026-09-09T16:56:23Z Pippobuono 54500 /* Dioecesis Cenomanensis */ 3986933 wikitext text/x-wiki = Utilia = == Ad civitates == <nowiki>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes geographici}}</nowiki> == Ad homines == <nowiki>{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>* {{CathHierBishop|}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes biographici}}</nowiki> = [[Sanctus Iulianus]] = <nowiki>{{discretiva}}</nowiki> '''Sanctus Iulianus''' ad complures sanctos refertur, nomine '''Iulianus'''. Inde multi loci nomini horum sanctorum vocantur. == Sancti == * [[Iulianus Hospitator]], martyr cum [[Sancta Basilissa]] in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebratur [[6 Ianuarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/86/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=86}}</ref> seu [[12 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5680/Saint-Julien-l-Hospitalier.html|titulus=Saint Julien l'Hospitalier|domus editoria=Nominis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Soranus]], martyr [[Sora (Italia)|Sorae]] in tempore [[Antoninus Pius|Antonini Pii]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=118}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5416/Saint-Julien-de-Sora.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saint Julien de Sora}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * ''Iulianus'' († [[250]]), et Eunus servus eius, martyres in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebrantur localiter [[27 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/713/Saints-Julien-et-Eunus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Julien et Eunus}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Carthaginensis]] († [[259]]), cum Lucio, [[Montanus Carthaginensis|Montano]], Victorico, Flaviano, Victori, Primole, Reno et Donatiano, martyres [[Carthago|Carthaginis]] in tempore [[Valerianus]], qui celebrantur [[23 Maii]]<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1208/Saints-Lucius--Montanus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Lucius, Montanus et leurs compagnons}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Occidente et [[24 Februarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=467&p=2172&hilit=+LUCIEN+MONTAN#p2172|domus editoria= Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 24 février du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Oriente. * [[Iulianus Terracinae]] († [[268]] seu [[269]]), sacerdos, et [[Cesarius Terracinae|Cesarius]], diaconus, martyres [[Terracina]]e in [[Campania]] in tempore [[Claude II le Gothique]], qui celebrantur [[7 Octobris]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/8465/Saints-Julien-et-Cesaire.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saints Julien et Césaire}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Emesensis]] († {{circa}} [[284]]), medicator natus [[Emesa]]e in [[Syria]], martyr, qui celebratur die [[6 Februarii]]. * [[Iulianus Brivatensis]] ([[saeculum 3|saeculum III]]), martyr in [[Arvernia]], qui celebratur [[28 Augusti]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1753/Saint-Julien-de-Brioude.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Brioude}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Cenomanensis]] ([[saeculum 4|saeculo IV]]), episcopus [[Dioecesis Cenomanensis|Cenomanensis]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=119}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/516/Saint-Julien-du-Mans.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien du Mans}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Galatas]] († [[303]] seu [[305]] seu etiam [[320]] ?), forte sacerdos, cum quadraginta sociis, martyres in [[Galatia]] in tempore [[Diocletianus|Diocletiano]] seu [[Licinius|Licinii]] ; qui celebrantur [[13 Septembris]] in Occidente<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10401/Saint-Julien-de-Galatie.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Galatie}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> et [[12 Septembris]] in Oriente<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=921&p=4521&hilit=JULIEN+DE+GALATIE#p4521 |domus editoria=Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 12 septembre du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Tarse]] († entre [[305]] et [[311]]) ou ''Julien d'Antioche'', martyrisé pendant les persécutions de [[Galère (empereur romain)|Galère]], fêté le [[21 Iunii]] en Orient et le [[16 Martii]] dans l'Église latine. * [[Julien Sabas]] († [[377]]), ermite dans l'[[Osrohène]] en [[Mésopotamie]] (aujourd'hui en [[Irak]] et [[Turquie]]) ; fêté le [[18 Octobris]] en Orient<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=975&p=4923&hilit=JULIEN+SABAS#p4923 Forum orthodoxe.com] : saints pour le 18 octobre du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref> et le [[17 Ianuarii]] en Occident<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5222/Saint-Julien-Sabas.html Nominis] : Saint Julien Sabas {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien d'Orta]] († [[391]]), [[Diacre (christianisme)|diacre]], frère de [[Jules d'Orta|Jules]] le prêtre, fêté le [[31 Ianuarii]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5494/Saint-Jules.html Nominis] : Saints Jules et Saint Julien {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Vienne]] († après [[533]]<ref>[[Léon Cristiani]], [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhef_0300-9505_1945_num_31_118_2986 ''Liste chronologique des saints de France, des origines à l'avènement des carolingiens (essai critique)''], Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, 1945, {{vol}}31, {{n°}}118, pp. 5-96, {{p.}}42</ref>), [[Liste des évêques et archevêques de Vienne (France)|évêque de Vienne]], assista au {{IIe}} [[concile d'Orléans]], fêté le [[22 Aprilis]]<ref>[[Jacques Longueval]], [https://books.google.fr/books?id=QyEIS6SsmHsC&vq=aspais&dq=PA392&hl=fr&pg=PA392#v= ''Histoire de l’Église gallicane''], vol. 2, 1732, p. 392</ref>. * [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]), avec ses neuf compagnons<ref>Les neuf compagnons martyrs de [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]) sont : Marcien, Jean, Jacques, Alexis, Démètre, Photios, Pierre et léonce, moines, et [[Marie la Patricienne]].</ref> martyrs sous [[Léon III l'Isaurien]] durant la persécution [[Iconoclasme|iconoclaste]] ; célébrés le [[9 Augusti]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/7834/Saints-Julien-et-ses-compagnons.html nominis.cef.fr] Nominis : Saints Julien et ses compagnons {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?t=143 www.forum-orthodoxe.com] Forum orthodoxe francophone : Saints pour le 9 août du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref>. *[[Petus Iulianus Eymard|Sanctus Iulianus Eymard]] (1811-1868), sacerdos [[Isère (département)|isérois]], fondateur de la [[Congrégation du Très-Saint-Sacrement|congrégation du Saint-Sacrement]]. Canonisé en 1963, qui celebratur die [[2 Augusti]]. * [[Iulianus Maunoir]] ([[saeculum 17|saeculum XVII]]), sacerdos britannicus, qui celebratur die [[28 Ianuarii]].<ref>[{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/521/Saint-Julien-Maunoir.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien Maunoir}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> == Toponyma == === Francia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Corsica)|Sanctus Iulianus]] (Corsica) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Concellis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Voantis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Rhodanus et Alpes)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]] (Sabaudia Superior) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani-Mons Dionisius]] (Sabaudia) === Italia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Molisium)|Sanctus Iulianus]], commune provinciae Campobassensis; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]], Urbs in [[Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis|Urbe metropolitana Mediolanensis]]; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani Samniticum]], commune [[Provincia Campobassensis|provinciae Campobassensis]]; * [[Aquae Pisanae|Fanum Sancti Iuliani ad Aquas]], urbs [[Provincia Pisana|Provinciae Pisanae]]; == Notae et Fontes == <references /> [[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]] = [[Dioecesis Sancti Deodati]] = {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Dioecesis Sancti Deodati}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Saint-Dié}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Ecclesiae Latinae]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Urbs Sancti Deodati|Sancti Deodati]] est. Haec dioecesis anno 1777 condita est,<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.catholique88.fr/page/1741949070-histoire-du-diocese_|titulus=Histoire du diocèse|domus editoria=catholique88.fr}} {{Ling|Francogallice}}</ref> postquam [[Ducatus Lotharingiae]] ad Franciam aggregatus est. Eius iurisdictio partem meridionalem antiquae [[Dioecesis Tullensis]], necnon nonnulla territoria abbatiarum apud [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senoniam]], [[Medianum Monasterium]], Urbem Sancti Deodati, et [[Monasterium Stivagium|Etival]], una cum dependentiis earum, complectitur. Hodie, eius iurisdictio ad departamentum [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] pertinet. Dioecesis [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|Archidioecesis Bisuntinae]] suffragans est. == Ecclesia cathedralis == [[Fasciculus:00 3380 Cathédrale Saint-Dié de Saint-Dié-des-Vosges - Frankreich.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Sanctus Deodatus|Sancto Deodato]] dicata.]] [[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Sancto Deodato dicata, [[Urbs Sancti Deodati|Urbis Sancti Deodati]] sita, sedes dioecesis, etsi episcopatus anno 1953 ad [[Spinalium]] translatus est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{Opus|url=https://www.catholique88.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}} {{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Dié|Dioecesem Sancti Deodati}} {{Fontes geographici}} * {{CathHierDiocese|sdie|Dioecesis Sancti Deodati}} <!--{{RC-stipula}}--> {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}} [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Sancti Deodati]] = Ad formulam = {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}} {{Capsa navigationis | titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e | formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae | Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]] | corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]] }} <noinclude> == Vide etiam == * [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]] <!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]] [[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]] [[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--> </noinclude> = [[Index episcoporum Onasbrugensium]] = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]], a [[saeculum 11|saeculo XI]] usque ad annum [[1802]] ut Comites-Episcopi et etiam rectores Principatus Osnabrugensis. {| class="wikitable toptextcells" |- ! style="width:20%"|Tempus episcopatus ! style="width:35%"|Nomen ! style="width:25%"|Adnotationes ! style="width:20%"|Imago |- | a 783 ad [[20 Aprilis]] 804/805 | [[Wiho I]] (sive: Wicho I) ||antea praefectus nuper conditi districtus missionalis Osnabrugensis|| |- | a 805 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[829]] || [[Meginhardus]] |||| |- | 829–845 || [[Gosvinus]] |||| |- | a 847 ad [[11 Aprilis]] [[860]] || [[Gauzbertus]] |||| |- | a 860 ad [[1 Februarii]] [[887]] || [[Egbertus]]|||| |- | a 887 ad [[11 Maii]] [[906]] || [[Egilmarus]] |||| |- | 906–918 || Bernardus I |||| |- | a 918 ad [[14 Maii]] [[949]] || [[Dodo I]] |||| |- | a 949 ad [[7 Novembris]] [[967]] || [[Drogo]] |||| |- | a 967 ad [[31 Martii]] [[978]] || [[Ludolphus]] |||| |- | a 978 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[996]] || Dodo II ||978-980: Cuno [[antiepiscopus]]|| |- | a 996 ad [[27 Novembris]] [[998]] || Gonthierus |||| |- | a 998 ad [[17 Februarii]] [[1003]] || Vodilulphus |||| |- | a 1003 ad [[18 Iunii]] [[1022]] || [[Dietmarus]] |||| |- | a 1023 ad [[10 Decembris]] [[1027]] || Meginherus |||| |- | a [[1028]] ad 10 Decembris [[1036]] || Gosmarus |||| |- | a 1036 ad [[19 Aprilis]] [[1052]] || Albericus |||| |- | a 1052 ad 19 aut [[20 Septembris]] [[1068]] || Benno I |||| |- | a 1068 ad [[27 Iulii]] [[1088]] || [[Benno II]] |||| [[Fasciculus:BadIburgBennoII.JPG|center|80px|Benno II epsicopus, scultpura a Hans Gerd Ruwe in [[Bad Iburg]]]] |- | 1088–1093 || [[Marquardus]] |||| |- | a 1093 ad [[21 Aprilis]] [[1101]] || [[Wiho II]] sive Guido |||| |- | a 1101 ad [[13 Iulii]] [[1109]] || [[Iohannes I (Osanbrugensis)|Iohannes I]] |||| |- | a 1109 ad [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1119]] || [[Gottschalk von Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Gottschalk von Diepholz.jpg|center|80px|Sepultura Episcopi Onasbrugensis Gottschalk.]] |- | 1119–1137 || [[Detmardus]] ||1119–1125: Conradus (antiepiscopus)|| |- | a 1137 ad [[28 Iunii]] [[1141]] || [[Udo (Osnabrugensis)|Udo]] |||| |- | a 1141 ad [[15 Iunii]] [[1173]] || [[Philippus a Katzenelnbogen]] ||1141: Veselus (antiepiscopus) || |- | 1173–1190 || [[Arnoldus (Osnabrugensis)]] |||| |- | 1190–1216 || [[Gerardus I ab Oldenburg-Wildeshausen]] |||| |- | 1216–1224 || [[Adolphus Osnabrugensis]] |||| |- | 1224–1226 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Cum titulo principe-episcopo (1225-1803)|| |- | 1226–1227 || Otto I |||| |- | 1227–1239 || [[Conradus I a Velber]] |||| |- | 1239–1250 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Rehabilitatus post supensionem|| |- | 1251–1258 || [[Bruno ab Isenberg]] |||| |- | 1259–1264 || Balduinus (Rusle) |||| |- | 1265–1269 || Vidufilius a Waldeck |||| |- | 1270–1297 || [[Conradus II a Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1297–1308 || [[Ludovicus a Ravensberg (episcopus)|Ludovicus a Ravensberg]] |||| |- | 1309–1320 || Engelbertus II a Weyhe |||| |- | 1321–1349 || [[Gaudfridus ab Arnsberg]] |||| |- | 1350–1366 || [[Iohannes II Hoet]] |||| |- | 1366–1376 || [[Melchior a Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| |- | 1376–1402 || [[Theodoricus a Horne]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Dietrich von horne.jpg|center|80px|Episcopus Theodoricus a Horne]] |- | 1402–1410 || [[Henricus III a Schauenburg-Holstein]] |||| |- | 1410–1424 || [[Otto II a Hoya]] |||| |- | 1424–1437 || [[Iohannes III a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1437–1442 || [[Ericus II a Hoya]] ut [[Ericus I Osnabrugensis|Ericus I]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1442–1450 || [[Henricus II a Moers]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1450–1454 || [[Albertus a Hoya]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1454–1455 || [[Rudolphus a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1455–1482 || [[Conradus III a Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Konrad III. von Diepholz.jpg|center|200px|Sculptura sepulcralis Conradi III Episcopi Osnabrugensis.]] |- | 1482–1508 || [[Konrad VI. (Rietberg)|Konrad IV. von Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1508–1532 || [[Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| [[Datei:Braunschweig, Erich von-2.jpg|zentriert|80px|Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |- | 1532–1553 || [[Franz von Waldeck]] ||||[[Datei:Franz Graf von Waldeck.jpeg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1553–1574 || [[Johann IV. von Hoya|Johann IV.]], als Johann III. [[Bischof von Münster]] und als Johann II. [[Bistum Paderborn|Administrator von Paderborn]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes von Hoya.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1574–1585 || [[Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg]], auch Heinrich III. von [[Erzbistum Bremen|Bremen]] |||| [[Datei:FBPB 17 Heinrich IV. von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1577–1585).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1585 || [[Wilhelm von Schencking]] |||| |- | 1585–1591 || [[Bernhard von Waldeck]] |||| |- | 1591–1623 || [[Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel]] |||| [[Datei:PhilippSigismundBraunschweig.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1623–1625 | [[Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1582–1625)|Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern]] ||||[[Datei:Eitel Fridrich Grav zu Zollern.tif|zentriert|132x132px]] |- | 1625–1661 || [[Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg]] |||| [[Datei:Kardinal Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Nach dem Tode von [[Fürstbischof]] Franz Wilhelm galt die „immerwährende Kapitulation“, nach der abwechselnd ein katholischer und ein lutherischer Bischof aus dem [[Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg|Hause Braunschweig-Lüneburg]] gewählt werden sollte.''' |- | 1662–1698 || [[Ernst August (Hannover)|Ernst August I., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:ErnstAugustKurfürst.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1698–1715 || [[Karl Joseph von Lothringen]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karel III. Lotrinský.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1716–1728 || [[Ernst August II. von Hannover|Ernst August II., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1674 Ernst August.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1728–1761 || [[Clemens August I. von Bayern]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1700 Clemens-August.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1764–1802 || [[Friedrich August, Herzog von York und Albany|Friedrich, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Prinz von Großbritannien]] (lutherischer und letzter Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Frederick, Duke of York in Garter Robes.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1803–1827 || [[Karl Klemens von Gruben|Karl von Gruben]] (leitender Weihbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karl Klemens von Gruben (1764-1827).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1830–1855 || [[Carl Anton Lüpke]] (leitender Weihbischof) ||||[[Datei:Carl Anton Lüpke (1775-1855).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Mit Hildesheim vereinigt 1855–1857 unter [[Eduard Jakob Wedekin]]''' |- | 1857–1866 | [[Paulus Melchers]] (später [[Erzbistum Köln|Erzbischof von Köln]] und [[Kardinal]]) |||| [[Datei:Paul Melchers (1).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1866–1878 || [[Johann Heinrich Beckmann]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes Heinrich Beckmann Detail.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''[[Sedisvakanz]] 1878–1882''' |- | 1882–1898 || [[Bernhard Höting]] |||| [[Datei:Bernhard Höting (1821-1898).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1899–1914 || [[Hubertus Voß]] |||| [[Datei:Hubertus Voß (1841-1914).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1914–1955 || [[Gulielmus Berning]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Hermann Wilhelm Berning.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 27. März 1957 || [[Franziskus Demann]] |||| [[File:Porträt Totenzettel Demann.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1957–1987 || [[Helmut Hermann Wittler]] |||| [[Datei:Wittler.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1987–1995 || [[Ludwig Averkamp]] (später [[Erzbistum Hamburg|Erzbischof von Hamburg]])|||| |- | 1995–2023 || [[Franciscus Iosephus Bode]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Franz-Josef Bode.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | seit 2024 || [[Dominicus Meier]] [[Benediktiner|OSB]] || || [[Datei:Abt-Dominicus-Meier.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- |} {{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}} !! [[:Categoria:Indices episcoporum|Osnabrugensis]] [[:Categoria:Episcopi Osnabrugenses| ]] [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]] <nowiki>{{Attributio|de|Liste der Bischöfe von Osnabrück|247761516}}</nowiki> = [[Raymondus Aron]] = {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{Res|Raymondus Aron}}, {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Raymond Aron}} ([[Lutetia]]e [[14 Martii]] [[1905]] natus; eadem civitate [[17 Octobris]] [[1983]] mortuus) fuit [[philosophus]], [[sociologus]], [[politologus]], [[historicus]] et [[diurnarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. == Biographia == Initio amicus et condiscipulus [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre|Ioannis Pauli Sartre]] et [[Paulus Nizan|Pauli Nizan]] in [[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Schola Normali Superiore]], ardens [[liberalismus|liberalismi]] fautor, contra ambitum intellectualem [[Pacifismus|pacifisticum]] qui dominabatur, factus est. In opere suo celeberrimo, ''L'Opium des intellectuels'', caecitatem et complicitatem intellectualium erga regimina communistarum denuntiavit. Triginta annos, Aron scriptor editorialis pro diurno ''[[Le Figaro]]'' fuit. Postremis annis apud ''[[L'Express]]'' laboravit. Anno [[1978]], periodicum intellectuale ''[[Commentaire]]'' condidit, ut principia, quae democratiam liberalem sive societatem liberalem regere debent, defenderet et illustraret. Hoc conatum, alia perspectiva et alio titulo continuans, ad periodicum ''[[Contrepoint]]'' contulit, a tribus studentibus [[Institutum Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiense|Sciences Po]] mense Maio 1970 conditum. Il enseigne pendant trente ans, notamment à l'[[Institut d'études politiques de Paris]] et à l'[[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]] et devient titulaire de la chaire de « Sociologie de la civilisation moderne » au [[Collège de France]] en 1970. Il est un commentateur reconnu de [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[Carl von Clausewitz|Clausewitz]], [[Alexandre Kojève|Kojève]] et [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]]. Grâce à des compétences et des centres d'intérêt multiples (en [[économie (discipline)|économie]], [[sociologie]], [[philosophie]], [[relations internationales]], [[géopolitique]]), il se distingue et acquiert une grande réputation auprès des intellectuels. Ses convictions [[libéralisme|libérales]] et [[atlantisme|atlantistes]] lui attirent de nombreuses critiques venant des partisans de la gauche et de la droite. Il garde néanmoins tout au long de sa vie un ton modéré<ref>{{Article |langue=fr |auteur=Perrine Simon |titre=Raymond Aron dans l'histoire du siècle |périodique=[[Vingtième Siècle : Revue d'histoire]] |volume=9 |date=1986 |lire en ligne=https://www.persee.fr/doc/xxs_0294-1759_1986_num_9_1_1460 |pages=124-126 }}.</ref>. Il est élu en 1963 à l'[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |titre=M. Raymond Aron est élu l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1963/11/27/m-raymond-aron-est-elu-membre-de-l-academie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques_2220400_1819218.html |site=lemonde.fr |date=27 novembre 1963 }}.</ref>. Le {{date|17 octobre 1983}}, il meurt d'une [[Infarctus du myocarde|crise cardiaque]] à l'âge de 78 ans, alors qu'il quitte le [[palais de justice de Paris]], situé dans le [[4e arrondissement de Paris|{{4e}} arrondissement]], après avoir témoigné en faveur de [[Bertrand de Jouvenel]] lors du procès qui oppose ce dernier à [[Zeev Sternhell]]<ref>{{lien web|périodique=émission de [[Canal Académie]] |url=http://www.canalacademie.com/ida3922-Un-intellectuel-atypique-Bertrand-de-Jouvenel.html|titre=Un intellectuel atypique : Bertrand de Jouvenel|date=}}, fiche de présentation.</ref>. Il est inhumé dans le caveau familial du [[cimetière du Montparnasse]] (division 24)<ref>{{lien web|périodique= |url=https://www.landrucimetieres.fr/spip/spip.php?article722|titre=Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs|date=}}</ref>. == Opera == [[Image:Book signed by Raymond Aron and offered to Maurice Halbwachs.JPG|thumb|right|Envoi de R. Aron à [[Maurice Halbwachs]] sur ''La Sociologie allemande contemporaine'', Paris, Alcan, 1935. <br>Ouvrage conservé à la [[Bibliothèque Saint-Germain-des-Prés|Bibliothèque de sciences humaines et sociales Paris Descartes-CNRS]].]] Les œuvres complètes de Raymond Aron ont été établies par Perrine Simon et Élisabeth Dutartre aux éditions Julliard avec la Société des amis de Raymond Aron en 1989. * ''[[La Sociologie allemande contemporaine]]'', Paris, [[Alcan]], 1935 * ''[[Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire|Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire. Essai sur les limites de l'objectivité historique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1938 * ''[[Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine|Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine. La philosophie critique de l'histoire]]'', Paris, [[Librairie philosophique Vrin|Vrin]], 1938 * ''[[L'Homme contre les tyrans]]'', New York, La Maison française, 1944 * ''[[De l'armistice à l'insurrection nationale]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945 * ''[[L'Âge des empires et l'Avenir de la France]]'', Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1945 * ''Chroniques de guerre. « La France Libre », 1940-1945'', [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945<br> Rassemble les trois livres précédents. Nouvelle édition avec introduction de [[Jean-Marie Soutou]] et appareil critique de Christian Bachelier, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1990. * ''Les Français devant la Constitution'' (en collaboration avec Francis Cleirens), Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1946 * ''[[Le Grand Schisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1948 * ''[[Les Guerres en chaîne]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1951 * ''[[La Coexistence pacifique|La Coexistence pacifique. Essai d'analyse]]'', Paris, Monde nouveau, 1953<br>Sous le pseudonyme de « François Houtisse », signalé par [[Boris Souvarine]]<ref>{{Lien web|url=http://raymond-aron.ehess.fr/document.php?id=48|titre=Bulletin d’information – Archives Raymond Aron|éditeur=[[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]]|date=juin 1995|site=raymond-aron.ehess.fr|consulté le=3 décembre 2013}}.</ref>. * ''[[L'Opium des intellectuels]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1955 * ''[[Polémiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1955 * ''[[La Tragédie algérienne]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1957 * ''[[Espoir et peur du siècle|Espoir et peur du siècle. Essais non partisans]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1957 * ''[[L'Algérie et la République]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1958 * ''[[La Société industrielle et la guerre suivi d'un Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958|La Société industrielle et la Guerre]]'' suivi d'un ''[[Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1959 * ''[[Immuable et changeante|Immuable et changeante. De la IVe à la Ve République]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1959 * ''[[Dimensions de la conscience historique]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1961 * ''[[Paix et guerre entre les nations]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1962 * ''[[Le Grand Débat (Raymond Aron)|Le Grand Débat. Initiation à la stratégie atomique]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1963 * ''[[Dix-huit leçons sur la société industrielle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1963 * ''[[La Lutte des classes (Aron)|La Lutte des classes]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1964 * ''[[Essai sur les libertés]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1965 * ''[[Démocratie et Totalitarisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1965 * ''[[Trois essais sur l'âge industriel]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1966 * ''[[Les Étapes de la pensée sociologique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1967 * ''[[De Gaulle, Israël et les Juifs]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1968 * ''[[La Révolution introuvable|La Révolution introuvable. Réflexions sur les événements de mai]]'', Paris, [[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]], 1968 * ''[[Les Désillusions du progrès]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1969 * ''[[D'une sainte famille à l'autre|D'une sainte famille à l'autre. Essai sur le marxisme imaginaire]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1969 * ''[[De la condition historique du sociologue]]'', Paris, Gallimard, 1971 * ''[[Études politiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1972 * ''[[République impériale|République impériale. Les États-Unis dans le monde (1945–1972)]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1973 * ''[[Histoire et dialectique de la violence]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1973<br>Ce livre, qui est un commentaire de la ''Critique de la raison dialectique'' de [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], fait l'objet d'une analyse par son ancien éditeur [[Pierre Verstraeten]], professeur à l'ULB : ''L'Anti-Aron'', [[Éditions de la Différence]], 2008). * ''[[Penser la guerre, Clausewitz]]'', 2 vol., Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1976 * ''[[Plaidoyer pour l'Europe décadente]]'', Paris, [[Robert Laffont]], 1977 * ''[[Le Spectateur engagé]]'', entretiens avec [[Jean-Louis Missika]] et [[Dominique Wolton]], Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1981, 342 pages avec présentation finale de Jean-Louis Missika et Dominique Wolton. Bibliographie des principaux ouvrages, articles et pamphlets de Raymond Aron, p. 333-339. * ''[[Mémoires. 50 ans de réflexion politique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard]], 1983, 1082{{nb p.}} ===À titre posthume=== * ''[[Les Dernières Années du siècle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1984 * ''Études sociologiques'', Paris, [[Presses universitaires de France|PUF]], 1988<ref>{{Article |langue=fr |auteur=Hervé Coutau-Bégarie |titre=Raymond Aron. Etudes sociologiques |périodique=Politique étrangère |volume=53 |numéro=4 |date=1988 |lire en ligne=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1988_num_53_4_3826_t1_1016_0000_1 |pages=1016 }}</ref> * ''Une histoire du {{s-|XX}}, anthologie'', Paris, Plon, 1996 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Raymond Aron|auteur2=[[Louis Séchan]]|titre=''Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire''|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditions de Fallois]]|année=1997|pages totales=254|isbn=2-253-90536-4}} * ''[[Le Marxisme de Marx]]'', Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2002 {{ISBN|2-87706-423-9}} ; rééd. poche, 1082{{nb p.}}, Paris, 2004 {{ISBN|2-253-10800-6}} * ''[[De Giscard à Mitterrand : 1977-1983]]'', éditoriaux parus dans ''[[L'Express]]'', préface de Jean-Claude Casanova, Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2005, 895{{nb p.}} {{ISBN|2-87706-570-7}} * ''Essais sur la condition juive contemporaine'', Paris, Tallandier, 2007. * ''Liberté et égalité (cours au Collège de France)'', Paris, Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|titre=Aron et De Gaulle|prénom1=Jean-Claude|nom1=Casanova|lien auteur1=Jean-Claude Casanova|prénom2=Jean-Claude|nom2=Casanova|lieu=Paris|éditeur=Calmann Lévy|lien éditeur=Calmann-Levy|année=2022|pages totales=399|isbn=978-2-702-18360-1|isbn10=2-702-18360-3|oclc=1350349818|id=JC C 2022}}. * ''Critique de la pensée sociologique : Cours au Collège de France (1970-1971 et 1971-1972)'', 2023, Éditions Odile Jacob, {{ISBN|978-2738157652}}, * ''Leçons sur l'histoire : Cours au Collège de France (1972-1973 et 1973-1974)'', 2023, Éditions De Fallois. * ''L'Europe selon Aron'', recueil de textes de Raymond Aron, textes choisis et préfaces par Joël Mouric, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 400 p., 2024 {{ISBN|978-2702189603}} * ''Aron, critique de Sartre : Textes rassemblés et commentés par [[Perrine Simon-Nahum]]'', Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 350 p., 2025 {{ISBN|978-2702191644}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raymond Aron|Raymondum Aron}} {{Fontes biographici}} <!--{{Lifetime|1905|1983|Aron, Raymondus}}--> [[:Categoria:Agnostici]] [[:Categoria:Politologi]] [[:Categoria:Sectatores Franciae liberae]] [[:Categoria:Diurnarii Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Professores apud Collegium Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Moralium et Politicarum]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Artium et Scientiarum Americanae]] [[:Categoria:Professores Scholae Studiorum ad Scientias Sociales Superiorum (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Professores Instituti Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiensis]] [[:Categoria:Philosophi]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Lycei Condorcet]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Scholae Normalis Superioris (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Sociologi]] = [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] = Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est. cf fr.wikipedia Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est. == Fontes == Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491. cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org <!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--> [[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]] pvrlcu0d4tzsj4v15zelzpmu44ol56f 10 322461 3987065 3935640 2026-09-10T10:48:33Z Grufo 64423 +‘|prima=’ 3987065 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}} | {{#switch:{{#invoke:params|new| sequential| pulling|1| mapping_to_lowercase| providing|1|| imposing|2|a| imposing|3|c| imposing|4|f| imposing|5|i| imposing|6|m| imposing|7|r| imposing|8|u| sorting_sequential_values| setting|i|/| list_values }} | a/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/c/f/i/m/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. I, A–B|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_01_ab}} | a/c/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/f/i/m/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. II, C–E|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_02_cde}} | a/c/f/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/i/m/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. III, F–H|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_03_fgh}} | a/c/f/i/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/m/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. IV, I–L|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_04_ijkl}} | a/c/f/i/m/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. V, M–Q|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_05_mnopq}} | a/c/f/i/m/r/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. VI, R–T|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_06_rst}} | a/c/f/i/m/r/u/{{lc:{{{1}}}}} = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. VII, U–Z|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_07_uvwxyz}} | #default = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Indices omnium partium|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum}} }} | {{LLHL26/tomus||{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Indices omnium partium|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum|prima={{{prima|}}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 8rx3drgjl6s0oawcrbqwwn1jeu86gnf 3987066 3987065 2026-09-10T10:49:55Z Grufo 64423 3987066 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}} | {{#switch:{{#invoke:params|new| sequential| pulling|1| mapping_to_lowercase| providing|1|| imposing|2|a| imposing|3|c| imposing|4|f| imposing|5|i| imposing|6|m| imposing|7|r| imposing|8|u| sorting_sequential_values| setting|i|/| list_values }} | a/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/c/f/i/m/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. I, A–B|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_01_ab|prima={{{prima|}}}}} | a/c/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/f/i/m/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. II, C–E|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_02_cde|prima={{{prima|}}}}} | a/c/f/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/i/m/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. III, F–H|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_03_fgh|prima={{{prima|}}}}} | a/c/f/i/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/m/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. IV, I–L|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_04_ijkl|prima={{{prima|}}}}} | a/c/f/i/m/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/r/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. V, M–Q|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_05_mnopq|prima={{{prima|}}}}} | a/c/f/i/m/r/{{lc:{{{1}}}}}/u = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. VI, R–T|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_06_rst|prima={{{prima|}}}}} | a/c/f/i/m/r/u/{{lc:{{{1}}}}} = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Tom. VII, U–Z|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_07_uvwxyz|prima={{{prima|}}}}} | #default = {{LLHL26/tomus|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Indices omnium partium|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum|prima={{{prima|}}}}} }} | {{LLHL26/tomus||{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|Indices omnium partium|lexicon_latinum_hodiernum|prima={{{prima|}}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 86pcee1iqpd7g3kb0ewil0zmqxnof1d 10 322462 3987064 3935641 2026-09-10T10:48:10Z Grufo 64423 +‘|prima=minuscula’ 3987064 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}} | {{*{{#ifeq:{{{prima|}}}|minuscula|c|C}}onfer}} {{#if:{{{2|}}} | [https://archive.org/details/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_lucusaltianum_editio_xxvi/{{{5}}}/page/{{{2}}}/mode/2up?view=theater {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|versionem Latinam vocabuli Theodisci ''{{{1}}}''}}] | {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|versionem Latinam vocabuli Theodisci ''{{{1}}}''}} }} apud [[Petrus Lucusaltianus|Lucusaltianum, Petrum]] ([[2026]]). {{#if:{{{2|}}} | ''[[Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum]]: {{{4}}}'' (ed. XXVI) | [https://archive.org/details/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_lucusaltianum_editio_xxvi/{{{5}}} ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum: {{{4}}}'' (ed. XXVI)] }} <span style="font-family: monospace; word-spacing: -0.4em;">'''&#91;[https://archive.org/download/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_lucusaltianum_editio_xxvi/{{{5}}}.pdf PDF]&#93;'''</span>. [[Lentia]]e: Petrus Lucusaltianus{{#if:{{{2|}}}|. p. {{{2}}}}} | [[Petrus Lucusaltianus|Lucusaltianus, Petrus]] ([[2026]]). [https://archive.org/details/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_lucusaltianum_editio_xxvi/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum'' (ed. XXVI)]. [[Lentia]]e: Petrus Lucusaltianus }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}}}</noinclude> 4wxwaiiwxjpu1dsmi0kt985xmqty76b 0 324445 3986885 3986794 2026-09-09T14:18:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3986885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Cupido mentem gyrat}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXa reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56–70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1.}}Cupido mentem gyrat telumque minans vibrat, Favonius aspirat nectar, quo venas inflat {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2.}}Medullitus; id teneris pergratum est in feminis, quas alit affabilitas atque cordis simplicitas. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3a.}}Semel, opto, basia michi quod offerat, quam sorte de infantia Natura venustat. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3b.}}Post hanc nulla complacet, quam sic assumpserim, cum potius amabiles te propter spreverim. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4a.}}Iam odorus noster torus demoratur; inscia {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4b.}}Es optata, sed vocata non occurris, intima. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5a.}}Gaude, proles regia, que vite privilegia gestas! ecce Venerea collegia per te floruerunt. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5b.}}Si iam detur optio, tuo quod utar osculo et membris in crepuscolo sub otio, aspera non erunt. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6a.}}Matutini sideris iubar preis, et lilium rosaque periere. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6b.}}Micat ebur dentium per labium, ut Sirium credat quis enitere. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7.}}Si Menalus fatidicus virginibus michi det omne fari, Etna, mons occiduus, Ponto ferat minas prius, quam desinat, virgo, tuus honor laudari. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8.}}Amores ergo fidibus canendi sunt his rudibus, cibentur ut his fructibus: stipendium erit Venus, {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9.}}Furores quando lenit Venus, que corda ferit. incitamentum Veneris fastidium est ceteris. quod laudis michi titulum clarumque det obsequium! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|10.}}Intemerata virginum, serena respice et generosa supplicis iam vota perfice!<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, quod ad sectionem amatoriam pertinet, de virtute [[Cupido|Cupidinis]] et de pulchritudine puellae canit. [[Poëta]] describit quomodo deus amoris animum vulneret et quomodo [[Zephyrus|Favonius]], ventus [[ver|vernalis]], venas ardore impleat. In versibus multa elogia de formositate virginis inveniuntur, quae “proles regia” appellatur et cuius dentes sicut [[ebur]] vel stella [[Sirius]] micant.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> Argumentum ad delectationes amandi et ad desiderium osculorum spectat, ubi natura et mythologia (velut mons [[Aetna]] et [[Venus (dea)|Venus]]) adhibentur ad vigorem affectūs demonstrandum. Carmen denique precationem ad virginem ita continet ut vota supplicantis perficiat, item ut mos est in traditione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Litterae Latinae mediaevales|lyricae medii aevi|it|qid=Q1361756}} amatoriae.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] j6sw3wde4dyr57oz3gwty8q8sif43rn 0 327287 3986863 3986834 2026-09-09T12:57:32Z IacobusAmor 1163 3986863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christiernus Henriksén''' ([[Suecice]] ''Christer Henriksén''; [[24 Novembris]] [[1967]] natus) est [[professor]] [[Latine|linguae Latinae]] [[Suecia|Suecus]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]]. Expertus [[epigramma]]tum est et [[praeses vicarius]] [[Institutum Romanum Regni Sueticae|Instituti Romani Regni Sueticae]] (Suetice ''Svenska institutet i Rom'', [Italiane]] ''Istituto Svedese di studi classici a Roma''). == Selectio operum Christierni Henriksén == * 2019, ''A Companion to Ancient Epigram'' ([[Hobocen|Hoboceni]]: Wiley-Blackwell) (editor). * 2018, "Inside Epigram: Intratextuality in Martial's Epigrams, Book 10," in ''Intratextuality and Latin Literature'', [[Stephen Harrison]], [[Stavros Frangoulidis]], [[Theodore D. Papanghelis]] editores ([[Berolinum|Berolini]] et [[Bostonia|Bostoniae]]: Walter de Gruyter). * 2013, ''Sylloge incriptionum Graecarum et Latinarum Upsaliensis'' / ''The Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Collections of Uppsala University'' ([[Holmia|Holmiae]]: [[Institutum Romanum Regni Sueticae]]). * 2012, ''A Commentary on Martial,'' Epigrams ''Book 9'' ([[Oxonia|Oxoniae]]: Oxford University Press). * 2007, ''Miraculum Eruditionis: Neo-Latin Studies in Honour of Hans Helander'' ([[Upsalia|Uppsaliae]]: Act Universitatis Upsaliensis) (editor, cum [[Maria Berggren]]). * 2006, "Martial's Modes of Mourning: Sepulchral Epitaphs in the Epigrams," in ''Flavian Poetry'', [[Ruud R. Nauta]], [[Johannes J. L. Smolenaars]], [[Harm-Jan van Dam]] editores ([[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Brill), pp. 349-67. * 2004, "Memoriae feliciter: A Rediscovered Inscription in the Sala delle Muse and Four Roman Women," ''Bolletino'' 24, pp. 55-70. * 1998, "Martial, Book IX: A Commentary," PhD dissertatio, in Universitate Upsaliense. * 1997. "Earinus: An Imperial Eunuch in the Light of the Poems of Martial and Statius," ''Mnemosyne'' 50, pp. 281-94. == Nexus externi == * [https://isvroma.org/ Institutum Romanum Regni Sueticae] * [https://www.uu.se/kontakt-och-organisation/personal?query=N94-1870 Situs Christierni Henriksén Upsaliensis] [[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]] [[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]] rqtqowoh809ktmce058jpmnwqssuv74 0 327570 3986974 3980045 2026-09-09T20:08:22Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Add 1 book for [[Vicipaedia:Fons]] (20260909sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 3986974 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:9.0 Cascadia scenario (median).pdf|thumb|300px|Tabula scenariorum]] {{res|Terrae motus Cascadiae}} in [[zona subductionis Cascadiae]] prope litus [[Oregonia]]e et [[Vasintonia]]e prope [[Portlandia (Oregonia)|Portlandia]]m die [[26 Ianuarii]] [[1700]] accidit. Magnitudo motus fuit 9.0 in [[scala Richteriana]]. Tempus notum est ex actis [[megacyma]]e in [[Iwateensis|praefectura Iwateensi]] in [[Iaponia]]. == Bibliographia == * {{cite journal | last=Melgar | first=Diego | title=Was the January 26th, 1700 Cascadia Earthquake Part of a Rupture Sequence? | journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth | volume=126 | issue=10 | year=2021 | article-number=e2021JB021822 | issn=2169-9313 | doi=10.1029/2021jb021822| doi-access=free | bibcode=2021JGRB..12621822M }} * {{cite journal |author1=Kenji Satake |author2=Kunihiko Shimazaki |author3=Yoshinobu Tsuji |author4=Kazue Ueda |date=18 January 1996 |title=Time and size of a giant earthquake in Cascadia inferred from Japanese tsunami records of January 1700 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1996-01-18_379_6562/page/246 |journal=Nature |volume=379 |issue=6562 |pages=246–249 |bibcode=1996Natur.379..246S |doi=10.1038/379246a0 |s2cid=8305522}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|1700 Cascadia earthquake|terrae motum Cascadia anni 1700}} {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Terrae motus]] [[Categoria:Historia geographica Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Historia Iaponiae]] [[Categoria:Oregonia]] [[Categoria:Vasingtonia]] [[Categoria:1700]] 2337yde6szlocd9upfnapbbz1o2rj17 0 327794 3986971 3986199 2026-09-09T19:47:42Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Add 1 book for [[Vicipaedia:Fons]] (20260909sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 3986971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Martinus Elias Petrus Seligman}} (natus [[Albania (Novum Eboracum)|Albaniae]] die [[12 Augusti]] [[1942]]) est [[psychologus]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. [[Psychologia positiva]] et [[impotentia docta]] notus est. Alumnus [[Universitas Princetoniensis|Universitatis Princetoniensis]] et [[Universitas Pennsylvaniensis|Universitatis Pennsylvaniensis]] est. [[Professor]] Universitatis Pennsylvaniensis est. Praeses [[Societas Psychologicae Americanae|Societatis Psychologicae Americanae]] anno [[1998]] erat. == Opera == * {{cite book |author-mask=1 |last=Seligman |first=Martin E. P. |title=Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=Franciscopoli |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-7167-0752-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/helplessnessonde00seli }} * {{cite book |author-mask=1 |last=Seligman |first=Martin E. P. |title=Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life |publisher=Knopf |location=Novi Eboraci |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-671-01911-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qreACUdDAc0C }} * {{cite book |author-mask=1 |last=Seligman |first=Martin E. P. |title=What You Can Change and What You Can't: The Complete Guide to Successful Self-Improvement |publisher=Knopf |location=Novi Eboraci |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-679-41024-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/whatyoucanchange00seli }} * {{cite book |author-mask=1 |last=Seligman |first=Martin E. P. |title=The Optimistic Child: Proven Program to Safeguard Children from Depression & Build Lifelong Resilience |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Novi Eboraci |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-09-183119-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GoMABgcQzs4C}} * {{cite book |author-mask=1 |last=Seligman |first=Martin E. P. |title=Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment |publisher=Free Press |location=Novi Eboraci |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7432-2297-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/authentichappine00seli_0|url-access=registration }} * {{cite journal |author-mask=1 |last=Seligman |first=Martin E. P. |title=Can Happiness be Taught? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_daedalus_spring-2004_133_2/page/80 |journal=Daedalus |volume=133 |issue=2 |pages=80–87 |date=2004 |doi=10.1162/001152604323049424 |s2cid=57570511 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |last1=Peterson |first1=Christopher |author-link1=Christopher Peterson (psychologist) |last2=Seligman |first2=Martin E. P. |title=Character Strengths and Virtues |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxoniae |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-516701-6 |title-link=Character Strengths and Virtues }} * {{cite book |author-mask=1 |last=Seligman |first=Martin E. P. |title=Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being |publisher=Free Press |location=Novi Eboraci |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4391-9075-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/flourishvisionar0000seli|url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |author-mask=1 |last=Seligman |first=Martin E. P. |title=The Hope Circuit: A Psychologist's Journey from Helplessness to Optimism |url=https://archive.org/details/hopecircuitpsych0000seli |publisher=PublicAffairs |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-61-039873-2 }} * {{cite book |last1=Rosen Kellerman |first1=Gabriella |last2=Seligman |first2=Martin E. P. |title=Tomorrowmind |publisher=Simon Element/Simon Acumen |location=Novi Eboraci |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-98-215976-4 }} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Martin Seligman|Martinum Seligman}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/ Situs interretialis] {{bio-stipula}} {{Anni vitae|1942||Seligman, Martinus Elias Petrus}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Princetoniensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Pennsylvaniensis]] [[Categoria:Praesides Societatis Psychologicae Americanae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Pennsylvaniensis]] i9nfghtnkm9x79wzd4bs4ziomzp5srs 0 328148 3986882 3985522 2026-09-09T14:13:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3986882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:502 Layers of epidermis.jpg|thumb|Cellula Merkeliana (caerulea) ima epiderme posita.]] [[Fasciculus:PIEZO2 Mechanogating.jpg|thumb|Receptorium Piezo2.]] '''Cellulae Merkelianae''', ita appellatae quia a [[Fridericus Merkel|Friderico Merkel]] anno 1875 inventae<ref>Zdenek Halata, Milos Grim, Klaus I Bauman. "[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12552639/ Friedrich Sigmund Merkel and his "Merkel cell", morphology, development, and physiology: review and new results]", ''Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol'', 2003: 225-39</ref>, sunt cellulae ima [[Epidermis|epiderme]] [[Vertebrata|vertebratorum]] positae inter papillas [[dermis]] quae [[Canalis ionticus|canales ionticos]] Piezo2 in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] sua exprimunt<ref>Seung-Hyun Woo et alii, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13251 Piezo2 is required for Merkel-cell mechanotransduction]", ''Nature'', 2014(509): 622–626. Sanjeev S. Ranade, Seung-Hyun Woo, Adrienne E. Dubin, et alii. "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13980 Piezo2 is the major transducer of mechanical forces for touch sensation in mice]", ''Nature'', 2014(516): 121-125 </ref> et [[Fibra nervalis|fibrae neuronalis]] extremam partem cingunt velut vasculum aut capsella. Ita [[Tactus|sensui tactili]] subtili multum conferunt<ref>Stephen M. Maricich et alii, "[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1172890 Merkel Cells Are Essential for Light-Touch Responses]", Science, 2009(5934): 1580-2.</ref>. Nam cum cutis pressione aliqua extenditur canales Piezo2 aperiuntur et cellulae Merkelianae varia [[Neuropeptidum|neuropeptida]] emittunt. Fibra neuronalis (nonnumquam neuritum appellatum) cum eis coniuncta et ipsa receptoria Piezo2 praebet et impulsus [[Electricitas|electricos]] usque ad [[systema nervosum centrale]] transmittit (neuronum corpus cellulare in ganglionibus [[spina|spinalibus]] iacet). Piezo2 est receptorium [[Mechanica|mechanicum]] quod [[Signum transductum|signum mechanicum intra cellulam transducit]] et cellula Merkeliana ''mechanoreceptoria'' dicitur. == De Merkeliano complexu == Cum neurito cellulae Merkelianae ''Merkelianum complexum''<ref> Valentine Bouvier et Marcel Crest, "[https://www.medecinesciences.org/fr/articles/medsci/full_html/2014/09/medsci20143010p828/medsci20143010p828.html Les complexes de Merkel. De l’histologie ancienne aux mécanismes moléculaires du toucher]", M/S Medecine Science, 2014: 828–830</ref> formant. Maxima est crebritas horum complexuum in [[Vibrissae|vibrissis]] animalium variorum et apud hominem in [[caro|carnosis]] [[Digitus (pars corporis)|digitorum]] extremitatibus (25% receptoriorum mechanicorum inibi praesentium), rariores sunt in aliis corporis partibus ut in dorso, crure, bracchio... Illae [[Fibra nervosa|fibrae nervosae]] [[adaptatio|adaptationis]] lentae dicuntur quod quamdiu [[Stimulus (physiologia)|stimulus]] manet impulsus electricos mittunt. Ita maxime idoneae ad formam texturamque rerum palpando dinoscendas reperiuntur. Hic habes nonnullas illarum fibrarum proprietates: [[Diametros|diameter]] axonis inter 7 et 11 [[Micrometrum|micrometra]], celeritas fluxus inter 45 et 60 m/s ([[myelina|myelinizatae]] sunt), campus receptorius 9 [[millimetrum |millimetra quadrata]], densitas in digitis extremis 100 per [[centimetrum |centimetrum quadratum]], [[frequentia]] vibrationis usque ad 100 [[Hertz|Hz]] optima perceptio 5 Hz.<ref>Secundum D. Purves et alii, ''Neurosciences'', editio sexta, deBoeck, 2019 p.198.</ref> Cellulae Merkelianae grana peptidorum continent quae per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] in spatium intercellulare [[Synapsis chemica|synapsi]] satis simile<ref>Srdjan Maksimovic, Yoshichika Baba, Ellen A. Lumpkin. "[https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nyas.12057 Neurotransmitters and synaptic components in the Merkel cell–neurite complex, a gentle-touch receptor]", ''Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences'', 2013: 12057</ref> emittuntur. == De pathologia == Morbus illarum cellularum hodie notus est [[carcinoma]] satis rarum illas in senectute adficiens<ref>Louise Toumelin (2025).</ref>. == Notae == [[Fasciculus:Blausen 0805 Skin MerkelCell nl01.png|thumb|Cellula Merkeliana]] <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Klaus Baumann, Zdenek Halata, Ingrid Moll. ''The Merkel Cell: Structure-Development-Function-Cancerogenesis'', Springer, 2003 [https://books.google.fr/books/about/The_Merkel_Cell.html?id=Cotbt-4_8jwC&redir_esc=y Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *Yudong Zhou, Elena Ezhkova. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S007021532500047X Development and regeneration of Merkel cells]" in ''Development of Sensory Organs'', Academic Press, 2025: 533-553 *Louise Toumelin, Thibault Kervarrec, Laurent Mortier. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0007455125000530 Le carcinome de Merkel : mise au point]", ''Bulletin du Cancer'', 2025: 1193-1207 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Merkel_cell cellulam Merkelianam] spectant [[Categoria:Cutis]] [[Categoria:Tactus]] [[Categoria: Systema nervosum]] ifrny4gp5ye26xo3ytyiao9z22w9uxi 0 328351 3986952 3986780 2026-09-09T18:59:37Z נתנאל שטרן 175178 3986952 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Redactio encyclopaedica Latina. Fontes interretiales inspecti die 9 Septembris 2026. -->'''TensorFlow''' est [[Bibliotheca (informatica)|bibliotheca programmatica]] et compages instrumentorum [[Programma liberum|liberorum]] ad [[Intellegentia artificialis|intellegentiam artificialem]], praesertim ad [[Doctrina automatica|doctrinam automaticam]] et [[Rete neurale artificiale|retia neuralia artificialia]], adhibita. A grege Google Brain intra societatem [[Google]] exculta, die 9 Novembris [[2015]] sub licentia Apache 2.0 publicata est. Systema tam exercitationi exemplarium ex datis quam usui exemplarium iam exercitatorum inservit; eius autem facultates etiam ad alios calculos numericos, qui operationibus in tensoribus exprimi possunt, pertinent.<ref name="origo">Jeff Dean et Rajat Monga, [https://research.google/blog/tensorflow-googles-latest-machine-learning-system-open-sourced-for-everyone/ «TensorFlow – Google's latest machine learning system, open sourced for everyone»], ''Google Research'', 9 Novembris 2015.</ref><ref name="osdi">Martín Abadi et al., [https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/abadi «TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning»], ''12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation'', 2016, pp. 265–283.</ref> Ratio systematis in [[Tensor|tensoribus]], ordinibus datorum per plures axes dispositis, et operationibus in eos adhibitis consistit. Computationes aut statim perficiuntur aut in graphos rediguntur. Nomen ''TensorFlow'' fluxum tensorum per graphum significat; architectura descriptionem calculi ab apparatu quo efficitur distinguit.<ref name="osdi" /><ref name="eager-paper">Akshay Agrawal et al., [[arxiv:1903.01855|«TensorFlow Eager: A Multi-Stage, Python-Embedded DSL for Machine Learning»]], ''SysML'', 2019; arXiv:1903.01855.</ref> Interfacies [[Python (lingua programmationis)|Pythonis]] in usu systematis locum praecipuum obtinet. [[Keras]] rationem superiorem praebet qua strata retis, exercitatio et aestimatio exemplarium administrantur; interfacies inferiores computationes singulas et proprias exercitationis rationes describere sinunt. TensorFlow neque unum exemplar praedefinitum neque certus algorithmus discendi est, sed instrumentum quo diversa exemplaria et algorithmi componuntur.<ref name="keras-guide">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/keras «Keras: The high-level API for TensorFlow»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+TensorFlow: notitiae principales !Genus |Bibliotheca calculi numerici et compages doctrinae automaticae |- !Origo |Google Brain, intra societatem Google |- !Prima publicatio |9 Novembris 2015 |- !Interfacies programmaticae principales |Python et [[C++]]<ref name="readme">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/README.md|fasciculus README.md]], praesertim descriptio interfacierum Pythonis et C++.</ref> |- !Licentia |Apache License 2.0 |- !Situs officialis |[https://www.tensorflow.org/ tensorflow.org] |- !Repositorium codicis |[[github:tensorflow/tensorflow|tensorflow/tensorflow]] |} == Historia == === DistBelief et origo TensorFlow === Ante TensorFlow Google systemate ''DistBelief'' utebatur, cuius ratio in commentatione anni [[2012]] exposita est. DistBelief retia neuralia permagna in gregibus computatrorum exercere permittebat. Inter rationes eius erat ''Downpour SGD'', forma asynchrona descensus gradientis stochastici, qua plures exemplaris imagines simul parametris renovandis operam dabant.<ref name="distbelief">Jeffrey Dean et al., [https://research.google.com/pubs/pub40565.html?hl=en-GB «Large Scale Distributed Deep Networks»], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 2012.</ref> DistBelief tamen cum apparatu interno Google arte cohaerebat et potissimum ad retia neuralia destinabatur. TensorFlow tamquam systema alterius generationis excultum est, ut programmata facilius transferri possent et investigatores maiorem libertatem haberent novas rationes computationis describendi. Publicatio anni 2015 codicem, instrumenta et exempla extra societatem usui patefecit.<ref name="origo" /> Commentatio anni [[2016]] architecturam TensorFlow exposuit, praesertim graphos fluxus datorum, statum inter computationes servatum et distributionem operationum inter processoria diversa. Eodem opere auctoribus propositum erat et investigationem et usum exemplarium in ministeriis iam operantibus una compage sustinere.<ref name="osdi" /> === Versiones 1 et 2 === TensorFlow 1.0 mense Februario [[2017]] nuntiatum est. Haec editio stabilitatem interfaciei publicae Pythonis, interfacies superioris ordinis et primam versionem experimentalem compilatoris XLA inter praecipuas mutationes habuit.<ref name="tf1">Amy McDonald Sandjideh, [https://developers.googleblog.com/en/announcing-tensorflow-10/ «Announcing TensorFlow 1.0»], ''Google Developers Blog'', 15 Februarii 2017.</ref> In usu ordinario seriei 1.x programmator primum graphum constituebat, deinde sessionem ad eum exsequendum adhibebat. Haec separatio rationem totius computationis ante exsecutionem inspicere et emendare sinebat, sed experimenta interactiva et investigationem errorum difficiliora reddere poterat. ''TensorFlow Eager'' operationes protinus exsequendas cum facultate graphos postea construendi coniunxit.<ref name="eager-paper" /> TensorFlow 2.0 die 30 Septembris [[2019]] publicatum est. Exsecutio immediata facta est ratio ordinaria, Keras arctius cum systemate coniunctum est, et <code>tf.function</code> viam praebuit qua computationes Pythonis in graphos redigerentur. Itaque series 2 graphos non abolevit: rationem qua programmator ad eos accedit mutavit.<ref name="tf2">Grex TensorFlow, [https://blog.tensorflow.org/2019/09/tensorflow-20-is-now-available.html «TensorFlow 2.0 is now available!»], ''The TensorFlow Blog'', 30 Septembris 2019.</ref> === Mutationes instrumentorum coniunctorum === Post versionem 2.0 non solum nucleus bibliothecae, sed etiam ratio instrumentorum coniunctorum mutata est. Ab editione 2.16, anno [[2024]] edita, Keras 3 versio ordinaria interfaciei <code>tf.keras</code> facta est. Keras 3 etiam aliis fundamentis computationis, inter quae [[JAX]] et [[PyTorch]], uti potest; quare Keras et TensorFlow non sunt nomina eiusdem rei. In eadem editione TensorFlow interfacies <code>tf.estimator</code> sublata est.<ref name="tf216">Grex TensorFlow, [https://blog.tensorflow.org/2024/03/whats-new-in-tensorflow-216.html «What's new in TensorFlow 2.16»], ''The TensorFlow Blog'', 13 Martii 2024.</ref><ref name="keras3">Keras, [https://keras.io/keras_3/ «Introducing Keras 3»], documenta officialia.</ref> Mense Septembri 2024 ''TensorFlow Lite'' nomen ''LiteRT'' accepit. Mutatio ad ambitum exsecutionis in ipsis machinis usorum pertinebat, qui etiam exemplaria aliis compagibus constructa recipere coeperat; nomen TensorFlow ipsius non mutatum est.<ref name="litert">Google AI Edge, [https://developers.googleblog.com/en/tensorflow-lite-is-now-litert/ «TensorFlow Lite is now LiteRT»], ''Google Developers Blog'', 4 Septembris 2024.</ref> == Fundamenta et architectura == === Tensores, formae et genera datorum === In TensorFlow ''tensor'' est ordo elementorum eiusdem generis, quod proprietate <code>dtype</code> indicatur. ''Ordo'' tensoris, qui in interfacie Anglica ''rank'' dicitur, numerum axium significat; ''forma'' sive <code>shape</code> longitudines axium exprimit. Numerus elementorum a numero axium distinguendus est: tensor formae <code>(2, 3)</code> duos axes, sed sex elementa habet.<ref name="tensors">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/tensor «Introduction to Tensors»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Exempla ordinis et formae tensorum !Res repraesentata !Ordo !Forma exemplaris !Interpretatio |- |Numerus scalaris |0 |<code>()</code> |Unus valor, nullus axis |- |[[Vector]] |1 |<code>(3,)</code> |Tria elementa in uno axe |- |[[Matrix (mathematica)|Matrix]] |2 |<code>(2, 3)</code> |Duo ordines, tres columnae |- |Grex imaginum coloratarum |4 |<code>(32, 224, 224, 3)</code> |In hac dispositione: 32 imagines, altitudo, latitudo, tres canales coloris |} Vox ''rank'' hoc sensu numerum axium, non ordinem matricis in algebra lineari usitatum, denotat. Operationes additionis, multiplicationis per singula elementa et multiplicationis matricum inter se distinguuntur. Ubi formae congruunt, regulae quae Anglice ''broadcasting'' appellantur tensores formarum diversarum in eadem operatione adhiberi sinunt.<ref name="tensors" /> === Valores immutabiles et status mutabilis === Obiecta generis <code>tf.Tensor</code> immutabilia sunt: operatio novum tensorem reddit, non elementa tensoris iam creati mutat. Contra <code>tf.Variable</code> statum mutabilem continet, cuius valor, exempli gratia pondus retis neuralis, per exercitationem renovatur. Variabilis igitur non simpliciter aliud nomen tensoris est; munus eius est valorem inter operationes conservare et mutationem eius administrare.<ref name="variables">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/variable «Introduction to Variables»], documenta officialia.</ref> Nonnullae structurae speciales formas datorum minus regulares sustinent. <code>tf.SparseTensor</code> indices et valores elementorum expresse servatorum cum forma tensoris coniungit, unde structurae in quibus plerique valores nulli sunt compendiose repraesentari possunt.<ref name="sparse">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/sparse_tensor «Working with sparse tensors»], documenta officialia.</ref> <code>tf.RaggedTensor</code> autem series continere potest quarum longitudines inter se differunt. Raritas elementorum et inaequalitas longitudinum sunt igitur proprietates diversae, quibus diversae repraesentationes respondent.<ref name="tensors" /> === Graphi et exsecutio === [[Theoria graphorum|Graphus]] computationis relationes inter operationes explicat. Nodi operationibus respondent; nexus tensoribus tradendis aut ordine exsecutionis imponendo inserviunt. Graphus ita non tantum imaginem retis neuralis praebet, sed ipsius computationis descriptionem, una cum dependentiis quae observandae sunt.<ref name="osdi" /> In exsecutione immediata, Anglice ''eager execution'', operationes cum vocantur perficiuntur. Hac ratione valores intermedii inspici et instrumenta ordinaria Pythonis ad errores investigandos adhiberi possunt. In exsecutione per graphum operationes antea descriptae ab ambitu TensorFlow administrantur. Utraque ratio in eodem programmate adhiberi potest.<ref name="eager-paper" /> Munus <code>tf.function</code> operationes TensorFlow, quae inter vocationem functionis Pythonis fiunt, in graphum colligit. Haec descriptio, Anglice ''tracing'', a subsequenti graphi exsecutione distinguitur. ''AutoGraph'' quasdam structuras imperii, ut condiciones et iterationes, in formas TensorFlow convertit; non tamen omnis codex Pythonis eodem modo transferri potest.<ref name="function">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/function «Better performance with tf.function»], documenta officialia.</ref> Mutationes generum aut formarum argumentorum novam descriptionem graphi efficere possunt. Repetita descriptio, sive ''retracing'', sumptum addit; praeterea effectus laterales Pythonis, ut elementorum ad indicem adiectio, non necessario quoties graphus exsequitur repetuntur. Haec distinctio ad rectam interpretationem codicis pertinet, non tantum ad eius celeritatem.<ref name="function" /> === Interoperabilitas cum NumPy === Ordines [[NumPy]] in tensores converti possunt, et tensores in exsecutione immediata per <code>.numpy()</code> in ordines NumPy transferri. Similitudo tamen formarum datorum non significat omnem computationem NumPy a TensorFlow observari. Si calculus ad NumPy transit, nexus quem differentiatio automatica TensorFlow persequitur interrumpi potest.<ref name="tensors" /><ref name="autodiff">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/autodiff «Introduction to gradients and automatic differentiation»], documenta officialia.</ref> == Exercitatio exemplarium == === Differentiatio automatica === TensorFlow [[Derivata|derivatas]] operationum compositarum per differentiationem automaticam computat. <code>tf.GradientTape</code> operationes ad certas variabiles pertinentes observat; inde derivatae functionis propositae secundum illas variabiles reperiuntur. Haec ratio ad propagationem erroris retro per rete neurale adhiberi potest.<ref name="autodiff" /> Differentiatio automatica regulis derivandi operationibus compositis applicatis nititur. A differentiatione numerica per parvas mutationes argumentorum et a tractatione mere symbolica formularum distinguitur.<ref name="autodiff-survey">Atilim Gunes Baydin, Barak A. Pearlmutter, Alexey Andreyevich Radul et Jeffrey Mark Siskind, [https://jmlr.org/papers/v18/17-468.html «Automatic Differentiation in Machine Learning: a Survey»], ''Journal of Machine Learning Research'' 18(153), 2018, pp. 1–43.</ref> In TensorFlow non omnis operatio derivatam utilem praebet, neque omnis variabilis automatice cum eventu coniungitur. Valor <code>None</code> pro gradiente redditus absentiam nexus observati significare potest; non idem est ac derivata numerice nulla.<ref name="autodiff" /> === Functio iacturae et optimizatio === Exercitatio plerumque quaerit valores parametrorum quibus ''functio iacturae'' minuatur. In descensu gradientis renovatio simplicissima sic exprimitur: <math display="block">\theta_{t+1}=\theta_t-\eta\,\nabla_\theta L(\theta_t).</math> Hic <math>\theta</math> parametros, <math>L</math> functionem iacturae, <math>\eta</math> gradum discendi indicat. In descensu stochastico gradientis aestimatio ex parte datorum, saepe ex parvo grege exemplorum, petitur. TensorFlow per Keras varias rationes renovationis, inter quas SGD, Adam, RMSprop et Adagrad, praebet; interfacies inferiores etiam rationes proprias describere sinunt.<ref name="optimizers">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/core/optimizers_core «Optimizers with Core APIs»], documenta officialia.</ref> Functio iacturae a natura problematis pendet. Ad regressionem adhiberi potest media quadratorum differentiarum; ad classificationem, formae entropiae cruciatae. Interfacies <code>tf.keras.losses</code> functiones et obiecta huiusmodi continet, quibus etiam rationes aggregationis ac pondera exemplorum administrantur.<ref name="losses">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/losses «tf.keras.losses»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> === Aestimatio et mensurae === Mensurae aestimationis a functione cuius gradientem optimizator sequitur distinguendae sunt. Exemplar, exempli gratia, entropiam cruciatam minuere potest, dum proportio responsorum recte classificatorum separatim refertur. TensorFlow mensuras ad classificationem, regressionem et segmentationem praebet, inter quas sunt ''precision'', ''recall'' et area sub curva ROC.<ref name="metrics">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/metrics «tf.keras.metrics»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> === Keras et structura retis === In Keras ''stratum'' computationem cum statu, si quis est, coniungit. Plura strata in exemplar componuntur. <code>Sequential</code> ad seriem simplicem stratorum aptum est; interfacies functionalis nexus multipliciores, plures introitus et plures exitus describere potest. Classes propriae maiorem libertatem in computatione definienda praebent.<ref name="keras-guide" /> Methodus <code>compile</code> functionem iacturae, optimizatorem et mensuras aestimationis constituit; <code>fit</code> exercitationem administrat, <code>evaluate</code> mensuras computat, et <code>predict</code> eventus exemplaris reddit. Verbum ''compile'' hic configurationem exercitationis designat: non per se significat totum programma a compilatore XLA in codicem machinalem conversum esse.<ref name="keras-guide" /><ref name="tf2xla">OpenXLA, [https://openxla.org/xla/tf2xla «XLA: Optimizing Compiler for Machine Learning»], documenta officialia.</ref> Keras 3 interfaciem pluribus fundamentis computationis communem praebet. Codex qui tantum operationibus TensorFlow propriis nititur non eo ipso ad PyTorch aut JAX transferri potest; portabilitas pendet etiam ab operationibus quibus strata propria utuntur. Haec distinctio imprimis valet ubi compatibilitas inter compages requiritur.<ref name="keras3" /> == Data et apparatus computationis == === Adductio et praeparatio datorum === Interfacies <code>tf.data</code> seriem elementorum datorum per <code>Dataset</code> repraesentat. Ex fontibus, ut fasciculis aut ordinibus in memoria positis, ordo transformationum componitur: elementa leguntur, mutantur, miscentur et in greges distribuuntur. Data ita successive tractari possunt, neque necesse est universam copiam simul in memoria retinere.<ref name="tfdata">Derek G. Murray, Jiří Šimša, Ana Klimovic et Ihor Indyk, [https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol14/p2945-klimovic.pdf «tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework»], ''Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment'' 14(12), 2021, pp. 2945–2958. DOI: 10.14778/3476311.3476374.</ref> Celeritas exercitationis non solum ab operationibus retis pendet. Si data serius quam opus est leguntur aut praeparantur, facultates acceleratoris ex parte otiosae manent. <code>map</code> parallelum, <code>cache</code> et <code>prefetch</code> huic difficultati occurrunt: ultima ratio praeparationem gregis insequentis cum computatione gregis praesentis concurrere sinit. Locus tamen quo memoria intermedia adhibetur et amplitudo gregum usum memoriae atque ordinem operationum afficiunt.<ref name="data-performance">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/data_performance «Better performance with the tf.data API»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Processoria et acceleratores === TensorFlow operationes inter [[Unitas centralis processoria|processoria centralia]] et acceleratores, ut [[Unitas processoria graphica|processoria graphica]], collocare potest. Eidem operationi plures rationes exsecutionis, Anglice ''kernels'', respondere possunt, quarum electio ab apparatu et genere datorum pendet. Ubi operatio in certo acceleratore sustineri non potest, alio apparatu efficienda est, si talis ratio praesto est.<ref name="gpu">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/gpu «Use a GPU»], documenta officialia.</ref> Facultas systema in [[Linux]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] aut [[macOS]] instituendi a facultate cuiuslibet acceleratoris adhibendi distinguitur. Haec posterior cum versione TensorFlow, architectura machinae, rectoribus apparatus et bibliothecis auxiliaribus cohaeret. Itaque enumeratio systematum operativorum sola non sufficit ad compatibilitatem GPU definiendam.<ref name="install">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/install/pip «Install TensorFlow with pip»], documenta officialia.</ref> ''Tensor Processing Unit'' sive TPU est accelerator a Google ad calculos doctrinae automaticae excultus. Prima generatio, in commentatione anni 2017 descripta, praecipue ad inferentiam retis iam exercitati destinabatur et multiplicationibus matricum numerorum integrorum octo bitum utebatur.<ref name="tpu-paper">Norman P. Jouppi et al., [[arxiv:1704.04760|«In-Datacenter Performance Analysis of a Tensor Processing Unit»]], ''International Symposium on Computer Architecture'', 2017; arXiv:1704.04760.</ref> Architecturae Cloud TPU posteriores etiam exercitationi exemplarium et computationibus inter plures machinas distributis inserviunt. Vocabulum TPU igitur non unum apparatum immutabilem designat.<ref name="cloud-tpu">Google Cloud, [https://docs.cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/system-architecture-tpu-vm «TPU architecture»], documenta officialia.</ref> ''Edge TPU'' a Cloud TPU distinguendum est: ad exemplaria aptata in machinis minoribus exsequenda destinatur. Exemplaria extra eum exerceri, ad formam TensorFlow Lite converti et ad acceleratorem compilari possunt. Utriusque apparatus nomen commune non implicat eandem facultatem exercitationis aut eundem ambitum exsecutionis.<ref name="edge-tpu">Coral, [https://coral.ai/docs/edgetpu/faq/ «Frequently asked questions»], praesertim capita de discrimine inter Edge TPU et Cloud TPU atque de exemplaribus TensorFlow 2.</ref> === Computatio distributa === Interfacies <code>tf.distribute.Strategy</code> exercitationem inter plures acceleratores aut computatra distribuit. In parallelismo datorum plures exemplaris imagines diversas partes datorum tractant. In ratione synchrona gradientes ante renovationem communem componuntur; in ratione asynchrona operarii statum communem temporibus diversis renovare possunt.<ref name="distributed">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/distributed_training «Distributed training with TensorFlow»], documenta officialia.</ref> <code>MirroredStrategy</code> ad plures GPU in una machina, <code>MultiWorkerMirroredStrategy</code> ad plures machinas, et <code>TPUStrategy</code> ad TPU adhibetur. <code>ParameterServerStrategy</code> computationem inter operarios et ministros parametrorum disponit. Hae rationes cum Keras aut circuitibus exercitationis propriis coniungi possunt; earum facultates et restrictiones non sunt omnino eaedem.<ref name="distributed" /> === XLA et emendatio computationis === ''XLA'', ex verbis ''Accelerated Linear Algebra'', est compilator ad computationes doctrinae automaticae accommodatus et pars consilii [[OpenXLA]]. TensorFlow, JAX et PyTorch per interfacies suas eo uti possunt. XLA igitur, quamquam cum TensorFlow historice coniunctum, non est tantum aliud nomen huius bibliothecae.<ref name="xla">OpenXLA, [https://openxla.org/xla «XLA»], documenta officialia.</ref> Una emendationum praecipuarum est ''fusio operationum'': plures operationes in unum calculum coniunguntur, quo valores intermedii rarius in memoriam principalem scribantur et inde legantur. In TensorFlow argumentum <code>jit_compile=True</code> compilationem XLA functionis petere potest. Haec compilatio a sola formatione graphi per <code>tf.function</code> distinguenda est; operationes omnes ad compilatorem destinatum aptae esse debent.<ref name="tf2xla" /> === Praecisio mixta === Praecisio mixta genera numerorum virgula mobili repraesentatorum coniungit: exempli gratia, nonnullae operationes fiunt in <code>float16</code> aut <code>bfloat16</code>, dum variabiles et computationes subtiliores in <code>float32</code> retinentur. Propositum est usum memoriae ac tempus computationis minuere, stabilitate numerica servata.<ref name="mixed">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/mixed_precision «Mixed precision»], documenta officialia.</ref> Utilitas ab apparatu et exemplari pendet. Minor numerus bitum non in omni processorio maiorem celeritatem efficit; in quibusdam computationibus amplitudo numerorum repraesentabilium et errores rotundationis rationes speciales, ut iacturae amplificationem, requirunt. Praecisio computationis neque cum subtilitate statistica praedictionum neque cum mensura classificationis quae ''accuracy'' appellatur confundenda est.<ref name="mixed" /> == Conservatio et usus exemplarium == === Exercitatio et inferentia === In exercitatione parametri exemplaris ex datis renovantur; in ''inferentia'' exemplar ad novos eventus computandos adhibetur, plerumque sine renovatione ponderum. Hae partes diversos usus instrumentorum habent: <code>fit</code> exercitationem administrat, dum <code>predict</code> eventus reddit. Exemplar idem ad usum in alio ambitu exportari potest.<ref name="keras-guide" /> === Formae conservationis === TensorFlow plures rationes conservationis praebet, quae munere differunt. ''Checkpoint'' statum variabilium et obiecta ad exercitationem pertinentia servare potest; ''SavedModel'' computationem cum variabilibus et functionibus exportatis complectitur. Forma <code>.keras</code> ad exemplar Keras conservandum et restituendum destinatur.<ref name="checkpoint">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/checkpoint «Training checkpoints»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="savedmodel">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/saved_model «Using the SavedModel format»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="keras-save">Keras, [https://keras.io/guides/serialization_and_saving/ «Save, serialize, and export models»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Formae conservationis et munera earum !Forma !Quid servatur !Usus praecipuus |- |''Checkpoint'' |Status variabilium; si ita constitutum est, etiam status optimizatoris |Exercitationem restituere aut continuare |- |''SavedModel'' |Computationes TensorFlow, variabiles et functiones exportatae |Exemplar inter ambitus transferre et in ministeriis exsequi |- |<code>.keras</code> |Configuratio exemplaris Keras, pondera et status exercitationis servandus |Exemplar in ambitu Keras conservare et restituere |- |<code>.tflite</code> |Exemplar ad ambitum exsecutionis LiteRT conversum |Inferentiam in machinis terminalibus efficere |} SavedModel ordinarias computationes servatas exsequi potest sine codice Pythonis quo exemplar primum constitutum est; hoc tamen non significat omnes operationes proprias aut omnes bibliothecas externas in quovis ambitu automatice praesto esse. Exemplar conservatum et ambitus qui illud recipit inter se congruere debent.<ref name="savedmodel" /> In Keras 3 conservatio per <code>model.save("exemplar.keras")</code> et exportatio ad SavedModel per <code>model.export("exemplar")</code> diversa munera habent. Codex vetustior qui omnes formas per eandem methodum tractabat propter hanc mutationem aptandus esse potest.<ref name="keras-migration">Keras, [https://keras.io/guides/migrating_to_keras_3/ «Migrating Keras 2 code to multi-backend Keras 3»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow Serving === ''TensorFlow Serving'' exemplaria iam exercitata in ministeriis petitionibus usorum respondentibus adhibet. Propositum eius est exemplaria nova inserere aut renovare, architectura ministri et interfacie petitionum quantum fieri potest servatis. Systema cum exemplaribus TensorFlow directe coniungitur, sed ad alia quoque genera exemplarium et datorum extendi potest.<ref name="serving">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/guide/serving «Serving Models»], documenta officialia.</ref> Minister exemplarium, ''ModelServer'', petitiones per interfacies gRPC et REST recipit. In interfacie REST petitiones et responsa forma JSON exprimuntur; praeter praedictiones petendas, status exemplaris et notitiae de eo inspici possunt. Sic computatio exemplaris aliis programmatibus praebetur, etiamsi ea alia lingua scripta sunt.<ref name="serving-rest">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/serving/api_rest «RESTful API»], documenta TensorFlow Serving.</ref> === LiteRT et machinae terminales === ''LiteRT'', antea TensorFlow Lite, est ambitus exsecutionis ad [[Android]], [[iOS]] et machinas inclusas accommodatus. Instrumenta conversionis exemplaria ad formam aptam transferunt; extensio <code>.tflite</code> mutatione nominis anno 2024 non sublata est. LiteRT latiorem originem exemplarium sustinet, inter quae sunt exemplaria per TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch et JAX constituta.<ref name="litert" /> In hac ratione calculus in ipsa machina usoris fieri potest. Ambitus hodiernus Google AI Edge instrumenta ad acceleratores locales et conversionem exemplarium coniungit. Distinguenda tamen sunt exemplar originale, forma conversae computationis et apparatus qui operationes revera sustinet: nomen bibliothecae unde exemplar ortum est solum compatibilitatem non definit.<ref name="litert-docs">Google AI Edge, [https://developers.google.com/edge/litert «LiteRT»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow.js === ''TensorFlow.js'' est bibliotheca [[JavaScript]] qua exemplaria in [[Navigatorium interretiale|navigatoriis interretialibus]] et in [[Node.js]] exerceri atque adhiberi possunt. Ea et operationes tensorum et interfaciem superioris ordinis ad retia neuralia praebet; exemplaria ex aliis ambitibus etiam converti possunt.<ref name="tfjs">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/js/tutorials «Get started with TensorFlow.js»], documenta officialia.</ref> Ratio operationum perficiendarum ab ambitu pendet. Exempli gratia, fundamentum [[WebGL]] facultatibus graphicis navigatorii utitur, fundamentum [[WebAssembly]] aliam viam computationis praebet, et fundamentum TensorFlow pro Node.js cum interfacie [[C (lingua programmationis)|C]] coniungitur. In nonnullis horum ambituum memoria tensorum expresse dimittenda est, cum collectio ordinaria obiectorum JavaScript ad eam liberandam non sufficiat.<ref name="tfjs-platform">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/js/guide/platform_environment «Platform and environment»], documenta TensorFlow.js.</ref> == Instrumenta coniuncta == === TensorBoard === ''TensorBoard'' instrumenta visualia ad experimenta inspicienda praebet. Iacturae et mensurae per tempus describi, ponderum distributiones comparari et graphus exemplaris explorari possunt. Etiam imagines, textus, soni et repraesentationes vectoriales inspiciuntur. Instrumenta mensurationis adiuvant ad intellegendum quibus in partibus programma tempus computationis consumat.<ref name="tensorboard">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tensorboard «TensorBoard: TensorFlow's visualization toolkit»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow Extended === ''TensorFlow Extended'' sive TFX ordinem operis ab adductione datorum ad exemplar in usum inductum componit. Partes eius data recipere, proprietates statisticas describere, valores insolitos deprehendere, proprietates transformare, exemplar exercere atque eius qualitatem aestimare possunt. Hae partes non sunt strata retis neuralis, sed gradus processus quo exemplaria producuntur.<ref name="tfx">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/guide «The TFX User Guide»], documenta officialia.</ref> Inter partes ordinarias numerantur <code>ExampleGen</code>, <code>StatisticsGen</code>, <code>SchemaGen</code>, <code>ExampleValidator</code>, <code>Transform</code>, <code>Trainer</code> et <code>Evaluator</code>. Res ab his gradibus productae et notitiae de earum origine servari possunt, quo nexus inter data, exercitationem et exemplar effectum investigetur.<ref name="tfx" /> === Bibliothecae ad usus proprios === Praeter nucleum systematis sunt bibliothecae ad certos usus destinatae. Earum nomina affinitatem indicant, non necessitatem omnes simul instituendi neque promissionem eas omnes cum qualibet versione nuclei congruere.<ref name="extensions">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/resources/libraries-extensions «Libraries & extensions»], index officialis instrumentorum.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Instrumentum !Munus |- |TensorFlow Probability |Calculus probabilisticus et analysis statistica |- |TensorFlow Quantum |Exemplaria doctrinae automaticae quae computationem classicam et [[Computatio quantica|quanticam]] coniungunt |- |TensorFlow Recommenders |Constructio systematum quae res usoribus commendant |- |TensorFlow Ranking |Doctrina ordinis quo res proponuntur |- |TensorFlow Decision Forests |Exemplaria arboribus decisionis coniunctis innixa |- |TensorFlow Model Optimization |Instrumenta ad exemplaria contrahenda et sumptum computationis minuendum |} == Usus in investigatione et ministeriis == === Imagines et series temporales === Inter usus documentatos est classificatio imaginum, ad quam strata convolutionalia cum stratis finalibus classificationis coniunguntur. TensorFlow etiam transformationes imaginum ad copiam exercitationis augendam et rationes ad nimiam accommodationem temperandam sustinet.<ref name="image-classification">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/images/classification «Image classification»], documenta officialia.</ref> In praedictione serierum temporalium observationes continuae in intervalla disponuntur, ex quibus valores posteriores aestimantur. Documenta TensorFlow exemplaria linearia, convolutionalia et recurrentia huic muneri accommodata describunt; in retibus recurrentibus status internus inter gradus temporis servatur.<ref name="time-series">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/structured_data/time_series «Time series forecasting»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Exemplaria generativa === Exemplaria generativa novas imagines secundum proprietates ex datis didicitas producere possunt. Documenta TensorFlow retia generativa adversaria, Anglice ''generative adversarial networks'' sive GAN, demonstrant, in quibus generator exempla fingit et discriminator inter exempla e datis sumpta et exempla generata discernere discit. Exercitatio duorum retium functionibus iacturae inter se connexis administratur.<ref name="generative">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/generative/dcgan «Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Tractatio linguae naturalis === TensorFlow ad exemplaria [[Lingua naturalis|linguae naturalis]] excogitanda et distribuenda adhibitum est. Exemplum documentatum est [[BERT]], cuius auctores codicem TensorFlow, pondera antea exercitata et programmata ad experimenta adaptationis repetenda publicaverunt. Exemplar repraesentationes verborum ex contextu discit, quae deinde ad quaestiones, classificationem textuum et alia munera accommodantur.<ref name="bert-paper">Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee et Kristina Toutanova, [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423/ «BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding»], ''Proceedings of NAACL-HLT'', 2019, pp. 4171–4186. DOI: 10.18653/v1/N19-1423.</ref><ref name="bert-code">Google Research, [[github:google-research/bert|repositorium BERT]], praesertim descriptio codicis TensorFlow et ponderum publicatorum.</ref> Hoc exemplum munus bibliothecae a ratione exemplaris distinguit: architectura BERT in commentatione scientifica definitur, dum TensorFlow instrumenta praebet quibus illa architectura exercetur et adhibetur. Repositorium originale etiam versiones in aliis compagibus effectas commemorat; BERT igitur ad TensorFlow necessario non alligatur.<ref name="bert-code" /> === Genomica === In [[bioinformatica]] ''DeepVariant'' retibus neuralibus ad variationes geneticas ex datis lectionum [[Acidum desoxyribonucleicum|DNA]] investigandas utitur. Auctores rationem anno 2018 descripserunt qua lectiones circa locos variationis possibilis in repraesentationes imaginibus similes rediguntur et per rete convolutionale aestimantur. TensorFlow inter instrumenta quibus programmata DeepVariant nituntur recensetur.<ref name="deepvariant-paper">Ryan Poplin et al., [https://research.google/pubs/a-universal-snp-and-small-indel-variant-caller-using-deep-neural-networks/ «A universal SNP and small-indel variant caller using deep neural networks»], ''Nature Biotechnology'', 2018.</ref><ref name="deepvariant-code">Google, [[github:google/deepvariant|repositorium DeepVariant]], descriptio rationis et instrumentorum adhibitorum.</ref> === Exemplaria in usu cotidiano === In nuntio editionis 2.0 grex TensorFlow rettulit Google News exemplar linguae BERT innixum per TensorFlow 2.0 in ministerium suum introduxisse. Hoc est exemplum usus historice documentati, non descriptio omnium exemplarium quibus ministerium hodie nititur.<ref name="tf2" /> Fontes publici item codicem, pondera et rationes exercitationis praebent, quibus exemplaria iam exculta ad novos usus accommodari possunt. Haec distributio a sola publicatione architecturae differt: ad experimentum repetendum etiam data, versiones instrumentorum et condiciones computationis pertinent.<ref name="bert-code" /><ref name="determinism">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/config/experimental/enable_op_determinism «tf.config.experimental.enable_op_determinism»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> == Comparatio cum aliis compagibus == TensorFlow, PyTorch et JAX computationem in ordinibus numerorum, differentiationem automaticam et usum acceleratorum sustinent, sed interfacies et rationes quibus programma describitur differunt. Simplex oppositio inter TensorFlow «staticum» et alias compages «dynamicas» statum hodiernum non satis exprimit: TensorFlow exsecutionem immediatam habet, et PyTorch per <code>torch.compile</code> vias compilationis praebet.<ref name="eager-paper" /><ref name="pytorch-compile">PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/main/generated/torch.compile.html «torch.compile»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Rationes programmationis comparatae !Compages !Ratio praecipua !Exempla facultatum |- |TensorFlow |Operationes tensorum cum statu mutabili et graphis computationis |<code>GradientTape</code>, <code>tf.function</code>, <code>tf.distribute</code>, SavedModel |- |PyTorch |Computatio tensorum cum differentiatione automatica et viis compilationis |<code>autograd</code>, <code>torch.compile</code><ref name="pytorch-autograd">PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/main/autograd.html «Automatic differentiation package – torch.autograd»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="pytorch-compile" /> |- |JAX |Transformationes functionum numericarum inter se componibiles |<code>grad</code>, <code>jit</code>, <code>vmap</code> |} JAX, exempli gratia, functionem accipit et aliam functionem reddit quae derivatam computat, compilationem adhibet aut computationem per plura elementa distribuit. Non est additamentum TensorFlow, quamvis cum eo instrumenta compilationis ut XLA communicet.<ref name="jax">JAX, [https://docs.jax.dev/en/latest/key-concepts.html «Key concepts»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="xla" /> Keras 3 interfaciem communem supra diversa fundamenta computationis praebet, ita ut structura exemplaris et ratio computationis inferioris separatim eligi possint, intra limites operationum quas singula fundamenta sustinent.<ref name="keras3" /> Celeritas absoluta ex solo nomine bibliothecae deduci non potest. Ad comparationem pertinent exemplar, apparatus, praecisio numerica, amplitudo gregis datorum et qualitas eventus postulata. Probationes MLPerf Training, exempli gratia, tempus metiuntur quo systema exemplar ad mensuram qualitatis praedefinitam exercet; non tantum numerum operationum quas per secundum perficit.<ref name="mlperf">MLCommons, [https://mlcommons.org/benchmarks/training/ «MLPerf Training»], descriptio probationum officialis.</ref> == Limites et difficultates == === Complicatio programmationis et compatibilitas === Coniunctio exsecutionis immediatae et exsecutionis per graphum flexibilitatem praebet, sed duas rationes interpretandi codicem secum fert. Codex in graphum translatus aliter se habere potest ob effectus laterales Pythonis, mutationem formarum aut statum obiectorum. Graphum iterum atque iterum construere etiam tempus consumit, unde usus <code>tf.function</code> non per se celeritatem maiorem praestat.<ref name="function" /> Interfacies publicae, experimentales et privatae non easdem promissiones compatibilitatis habent. TensorFlow plerumque numerationem versionum semanticam sequitur, sed documenta eius exceptiones et mutationes incompatibiles etiam in quibusdam editionibus minoribus agnoscunt. Compatibilitas codicis, graphorum conservatorum et bibliothecarum externarum separatim examinanda est.<ref name="versions">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/versions «TensorFlow version compatibility»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Facultas eventus repetendi === Eadem semina generatorum numerorum pseudofortuitorum non semper sufficiunt ut eventus per omnia experimenta identici fiant. Ordo operationum parallelarum, apparatus et versiones bibliothecarum effectum habere possunt. TensorFlow facultatem <code>enable_op_determinism</code> praebet, qua operationes secundum condiciones definitas eventus repetibiles reddant; usus eius celeritatem minuere potest.<ref name="determinism" /> Promissio talis ad ambitum definitum pertinet. Documenta idem apparatum et easdem versiones instrumentorum requirunt neque identitatem eventuum inter omnes versiones TensorFlow spondent. Repetibilitas numerica experimenti et firmitas conclusionis statisticae diversa sunt: exemplar eundem eventum repetens non eo ipso in datis novis bene se habet.<ref name="determinism" /> === Sumptus computationis et aestimatio exemplarium === Exercitatio retis, praeter pondera, valores intermedios et statum optimizatoris in memoria servare potest. Apparatus celerior non omnem difficultatem solvit, si traductio et praeparatio datorum computationem retardant. Commentatio de <code>tf.data</code> hanc partem processus magni momenti esse demonstravit; emendatio totius ordinis operis igitur a sola multiplicatione matricum acceleranda distinguitur.<ref name="tfdata" /> Praeterea facilitas qua rete constituitur et exercetur non aufert necessitatem eius facultatem generalizandi probandi. Exemplar datis exercitationis nimis accommodari potest, ita ut in novis datis peius se habeat. TensorFlow instrumenta ad exercitationem et aestimationem praebet; delectio datorum et interpretatio mensurarum ad consilium experimenti pertinent.<ref name="generalization">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/keras/overfit_and_underfit «Overfit and underfit»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Securitas === Documenta securitatis TensorFlow exemplaria ut programmata tractanda esse monent. Graphus ignotae originis operationes continere potest quas systema exsequitur; usus talis exemplaris igitur usui codicis alieni comparatur. TensorFlow ipse non est ambitus qui exemplar suspectum a reliquo systemate necessario segregat.<ref name="security">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md|«Using TensorFlow Securely»]], documentum securitatis officiale.</ref> Ad exemplaria non fidenda exsequenda documenta ambitum segregatum commendant. Etiam fasciculi status conservati, partes programmaticae propriae et data externa secundum originem atque formam aestimanda sunt. Haec quaestio a fraude in praedictionibus aut ab inaequitate statistica exemplaris distinguitur: hic agitur de limite fiduciae inter codicem receptum et systema quod eum exsequitur.<ref name="security" /> == Evolutio, communitas et licentia == Evolutio TensorFlow in repositorio publico [[GitHub]] et per canales communitatis administratur. Contributiones codicem, probationes, documenta, exempla et investigationem errorum complectuntur. Origo apud Google Brain non significat codicem tantum ab operariis illius gregis confici; communitas externa quoque mutationes proponere et recensere potest.<ref name="community">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/community/contribute «Contribute to TensorFlow»], documenta communitatis.</ref> Nucleus bibliothecae sub [[Licentia Apache|licentia Apache 2.0]] distribuitur. Licentia usum, modificationem et redistributionem permittit, condicionibus suis servatis; codex autem partium externarum alias licentias habere potest. Licentia bibliothecae non per se condicionem iuridicam omnium datorum aut ponderum quibus utitur definit.<ref name="license">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/LICENSE|fasciculus LICENSE]], licentia principalis et notitiae de partibus externis.</ref> == Exempla rationis computationis == Exempla sequentia formas computationis illustrant; neque probationes celeritatis neque exemplaria ad usum practicum iam aestimata constituunt. Ad interfaciem TensorFlow 2 scripta sunt. === Operatio tensorum et derivata === Primum exemplum multiplicationem matricum a computatione derivatae distinguit. Pro <math>y=x^3+2x</math> et <math>x=2</math>, derivata est <math>3x^2+2=14</math>.<syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import tensorflow as tf a = tf.constant([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]]) b = tf.constant([[2.0, 0.0], [1.0, 2.0]]) print(tf.matmul(a, b).numpy()) # [[ 4. 4.] # [10. 8.]] x = tf.Variable(2.0) with tf.GradientTape() as tape: y = x**3 + 2.0 * x print(float(tape.gradient(y, x).numpy())) # 14.0 @tf.function def summa_quadratorum(values): return tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(values)) print(float(summa_quadratorum(tf.constant([3.0, 4.0])).numpy())) # 25.0 </syntaxhighlight><code>tf.matmul</code> multiplicationem matricum, <code>GradientTape</code> observationem necessariam ad derivandam functionem, et <code>tf.function</code> exsecutionem per graphum demonstrant. Hi mechanismi munera distincta in eodem programmate habent. === Exemplar minimum ope Keras === Alterum exemplum rete parvum ex quattuor observationibus artificialibus exercet. Omnia data in codice definiuntur, neque fasciculus externus requiritur. Observationes adeo paucae sunt ut eventus ad rationem interfaciei demonstrandam tantum pertineant.<syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow import keras keras.utils.set_random_seed(7) x = tf.constant([[-2.0], [-1.0], [1.0], [2.0]]) y = tf.constant([[0.0], [0.0], [1.0], [1.0]]) model = keras.Sequential([ keras.Input(shape=(1,)), keras.layers.Dense(4, activation="tanh"), keras.layers.Dense(1, activation="sigmoid"), ]) model.compile( optimizer=keras.optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=0.1), loss=keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(), ) model.fit(x, y, epochs=80, batch_size=4, verbose=0) # Exemplar iam exercitatum adhibere. print(model(x, training=False).numpy()) </syntaxhighlight>In hoc exemplo <code>fit</code> pondera renovat, dum ultima vocatio exemplaris eventus reddit. Quia eadem quattuor puncta ad demonstrationem adhibentur, numeri impressi non sunt aestimatio facultatis generalizandi per copiam probationis independentem facta. == Vide etiam == * [[Bibliotheca (informatica)]] * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * [[Keras]] * [[NumPy]] * [[PyTorch]] * [[JAX]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia selecta == * Abadi, Martín et al. 2016. [https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/abadi ''TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning'']. OSDI, pp. 265–283. * Agrawal, Akshay et al. 2019. [[arxiv:1903.01855|''TensorFlow Eager: A Multi-Stage, Python-Embedded DSL for Machine Learning'']]. SysML. * Baydin, Atilim Gunes; Pearlmutter, Barak A.; Radul, Alexey Andreyevich; Siskind, Jeffrey Mark. 2018. [https://jmlr.org/papers/v18/17-468.html ''Automatic Differentiation in Machine Learning: a Survey'']. ''Journal of Machine Learning Research'' 18(153), pp. 1–43. * Murray, Derek G.; Šimša, Jiří; Klimovic, Ana; Indyk, Ihor. 2021. [https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol14/p2945-klimovic.pdf ''tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework'']. ''Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment'' 14(12), pp. 2945–2958. == Nexus externi == {{communia|TensorFlow}} * [https://www.tensorflow.org/ Situs officialis] * [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow|Repositorium codicis]] * [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide Documenta et explicatio architecturae] * [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python Interfacies Pythonis] * [https://keras.io/ Documenta Keras] * [https://developers.google.com/edge/litert Documenta LiteRT]<!-- Ante publicationem recognoscantur nomina paginarum et categoriarum in Vicipaedia Latina. Redactio nova est, non translatio verbum de verbo paginae Anglicae. --> [[Categoria:Libraria programmationis]] [[Categoria:Machina discens]] [[Categoria:Google]] [[Categoria:Artificialis intelligentia]] 0yxqc093iz8u5ujztf5m2uk7bmm530m 3986977 3986952 2026-09-09T20:23:12Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}; de nexibus obscuris; +{{[[Formula:Pagina polienda|pagina polienda]]}} 3986977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina polienda}} <!-- Redactio encyclopaedica Latina. Fontes interretiales inspecti die 9 Septembris 2026. -->{{res|TensorFlow}} est [[Bibliotheca (informatica)|bibliotheca programmatica]] et compages instrumentorum [[Programmatura libera|liberorum]] ad [[Intellegentia artificialis|intellegentiam artificialem]], praesertim ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Doctrina automatica|doctrinam automaticam}} et [[Rete neurale artificiale|retia neuralia artificialia]], adhibita. A grege Google Brain intra societatem [[Google]] exculta, die 9 Novembris [[2015]] sub licentia Apache 2.0 publicata est. Systema tam exercitationi exemplarium ex datis quam usui exemplarium iam exercitatorum inservit; eius autem facultates etiam ad alios calculos numericos, qui operationibus in tensoribus exprimi possunt, pertinent.<ref name="origo">Jeff Dean et Rajat Monga, [https://research.google/blog/tensorflow-googles-latest-machine-learning-system-open-sourced-for-everyone/ «TensorFlow – Google's latest machine learning system, open sourced for everyone»], ''Google Research'', 9 Novembris 2015.</ref><ref name="osdi">Martín Abadi et al., [https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/abadi «TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning»], ''12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation'', 2016, pp. 265–283.</ref> Ratio systematis in [[Tensor (mathematica)|tensoribus]], ordinibus datorum per plures axes dispositis, et operationibus in eos adhibitis consistit. Computationes aut statim perficiuntur aut in graphos rediguntur. Nomen ''TensorFlow'' fluxum tensorum per graphum significat; architectura descriptionem calculi ab apparatu quo efficitur distinguit.<ref name="osdi" /><ref name="eager-paper">Akshay Agrawal et al., [[arxiv:1903.01855|«TensorFlow Eager: A Multi-Stage, Python-Embedded DSL for Machine Learning»]], ''SysML'', 2019; arXiv:1903.01855.</ref> Interfacies [[Python (lingua programmationis)|Pythonis]] in usu systematis locum praecipuum obtinet. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Keras||en|qid=Q28470421}} rationem superiorem praebet qua strata retis, exercitatio et aestimatio exemplarium administrantur; interfacies inferiores computationes singulas et proprias exercitationis rationes describere sinunt. TensorFlow neque unum exemplar praedefinitum neque certus algorithmus discendi est, sed instrumentum quo diversa exemplaria et algorithmi componuntur.<ref name="keras-guide">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/keras «Keras: The high-level API for TensorFlow»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+TensorFlow: notitiae principales !Genus |Bibliotheca calculi numerici et compages doctrinae automaticae |- !Origo |Google Brain, intra societatem Google |- !Prima publicatio |9 Novembris 2015 |- !Interfacies programmaticae principales |Python et [[C++]]<ref name="readme">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/README.md|fasciculus README.md]], praesertim descriptio interfacierum Pythonis et C++.</ref> |- !Licentia |Apache License 2.0 |- !Situs officialis |[https://www.tensorflow.org/ tensorflow.org] |- !Repositorium codicis |[[github:tensorflow/tensorflow|tensorflow/tensorflow]] |} == Historia == === DistBelief et origo TensorFlow === Ante TensorFlow Google systemate ''DistBelief'' utebatur, cuius ratio in commentatione anni [[2012]] exposita est. DistBelief retia neuralia permagna in gregibus computatrorum exercere permittebat. Inter rationes eius erat ''Downpour SGD'', forma asynchrona descensus gradientis stochastici, qua plures exemplaris imagines simul parametris renovandis operam dabant.<ref name="distbelief">Jeffrey Dean et al., [https://research.google.com/pubs/pub40565.html?hl=en-GB «Large Scale Distributed Deep Networks»], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 2012.</ref> DistBelief tamen cum apparatu interno Google arte cohaerebat et potissimum ad retia neuralia destinabatur. TensorFlow tamquam systema alterius generationis excultum est, ut programmata facilius transferri possent et investigatores maiorem libertatem haberent novas rationes computationis describendi. Publicatio anni 2015 codicem, instrumenta et exempla extra societatem usui patefecit.<ref name="origo" /> Commentatio anni [[2016]] architecturam TensorFlow exposuit, praesertim graphos fluxus datorum, statum inter computationes servatum et distributionem operationum inter processoria diversa. Eodem opere auctoribus propositum erat et investigationem et usum exemplarium in ministeriis iam operantibus una compage sustinere.<ref name="osdi" /> === Versiones 1 et 2 === TensorFlow 1.0 mense Februario [[2017]] nuntiatum est. Haec editio stabilitatem interfaciei publicae Pythonis, interfacies superioris ordinis et primam versionem experimentalem compilatoris XLA inter praecipuas mutationes habuit.<ref name="tf1">Amy McDonald Sandjideh, [https://developers.googleblog.com/en/announcing-tensorflow-10/ «Announcing TensorFlow 1.0»], ''Google Developers Blog'', 15 Februarii 2017.</ref> In usu ordinario seriei 1.x programmator primum graphum constituebat, deinde sessionem ad eum exsequendum adhibebat. Haec separatio rationem totius computationis ante exsecutionem inspicere et emendare sinebat, sed experimenta interactiva et investigationem errorum difficiliora reddere poterat. ''TensorFlow Eager'' operationes protinus exsequendas cum facultate graphos postea construendi coniunxit.<ref name="eager-paper" /> TensorFlow 2.0 die 30 Septembris [[2019]] publicatum est. Exsecutio immediata facta est ratio ordinaria, Keras arctius cum systemate coniunctum est, et <code>tf.function</code> viam praebuit qua computationes Pythonis in graphos redigerentur. Itaque series 2 graphos non abolevit: rationem qua programmator ad eos accedit mutavit.<ref name="tf2">Grex TensorFlow, [https://blog.tensorflow.org/2019/09/tensorflow-20-is-now-available.html «TensorFlow 2.0 is now available!»], ''The TensorFlow Blog'', 30 Septembris 2019.</ref> === Mutationes instrumentorum coniunctorum === Post versionem 2.0 non solum nucleus bibliothecae, sed etiam ratio instrumentorum coniunctorum mutata est. Ab editione 2.16, anno [[2024]] edita, Keras 3 versio ordinaria interfaciei <code>tf.keras</code> facta est. Keras 3 etiam aliis fundamentis computationis, inter quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|JAX (programma computatrale)|JAX|en|qid=Q107382149}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|PyTorch||en|qid=Q47509047}}, uti potest; quare Keras et TensorFlow non sunt nomina eiusdem rei. In eadem editione TensorFlow interfacies <code>tf.estimator</code> sublata est.<ref name="tf216">Grex TensorFlow, [https://blog.tensorflow.org/2024/03/whats-new-in-tensorflow-216.html «What's new in TensorFlow 2.16»], ''The TensorFlow Blog'', 13 Martii 2024.</ref><ref name="keras3">Keras, [https://keras.io/keras_3/ «Introducing Keras 3»], documenta officialia.</ref> Mense Septembri 2024 ''TensorFlow Lite'' nomen ''LiteRT'' accepit. Mutatio ad ambitum exsecutionis in ipsis machinis usorum pertinebat, qui etiam exemplaria aliis compagibus constructa recipere coeperat; nomen TensorFlow ipsius non mutatum est.<ref name="litert">Google AI Edge, [https://developers.googleblog.com/en/tensorflow-lite-is-now-litert/ «TensorFlow Lite is now LiteRT»], ''Google Developers Blog'', 4 Septembris 2024.</ref> == Fundamenta et architectura == === Tensores, formae et genera datorum === In TensorFlow ''tensor'' est ordo elementorum eiusdem generis, quod proprietate <code>dtype</code> indicatur. ''Ordo'' tensoris, qui in interfacie Anglica ''rank'' dicitur, numerum axium significat; ''forma'' sive <code>shape</code> longitudines axium exprimit. Numerus elementorum a numero axium distinguendus est: tensor formae <code>(2, 3)</code> duos axes, sed sex elementa habet.<ref name="tensors">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/tensor «Introduction to Tensors»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Exempla ordinis et formae tensorum !Res repraesentata !Ordo !Forma exemplaris !Interpretatio |- |Numerus scalaris |0 |<code>()</code> |Unus valor, nullus axis |- |[[Vector]] |1 |<code>(3,)</code> |Tria elementa in uno axe |- |[[Matrix (mathematica)|Matrix]] |2 |<code>(2, 3)</code> |Duo ordines, tres columnae |- |Grex imaginum coloratarum |4 |<code>(32, 224, 224, 3)</code> |In hac dispositione: 32 imagines, altitudo, latitudo, tres canales coloris |} Vox ''rank'' hoc sensu numerum axium, non ordinem matricis in algebra lineari usitatum, denotat. Operationes additionis, multiplicationis per singula elementa et multiplicationis matricum inter se distinguuntur. Ubi formae congruunt, regulae quae Anglice ''broadcasting'' appellantur tensores formarum diversarum in eadem operatione adhiberi sinunt.<ref name="tensors" /> === Valores immutabiles et status mutabilis === Obiecta generis <code>tf.Tensor</code> immutabilia sunt: operatio novum tensorem reddit, non elementa tensoris iam creati mutat. Contra <code>tf.Variable</code> statum mutabilem continet, cuius valor, exempli gratia pondus retis neuralis, per exercitationem renovatur. Variabilis igitur non simpliciter aliud nomen tensoris est; munus eius est valorem inter operationes conservare et mutationem eius administrare.<ref name="variables">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/variable «Introduction to Variables»], documenta officialia.</ref> Nonnullae structurae speciales formas datorum minus regulares sustinent. <code>tf.SparseTensor</code> indices et valores elementorum expresse servatorum cum forma tensoris coniungit, unde structurae in quibus plerique valores nulli sunt compendiose repraesentari possunt.<ref name="sparse">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/sparse_tensor «Working with sparse tensors»], documenta officialia.</ref> <code>tf.RaggedTensor</code> autem series continere potest quarum longitudines inter se differunt. Raritas elementorum et inaequalitas longitudinum sunt igitur proprietates diversae, quibus diversae repraesentationes respondent.<ref name="tensors" /> === Graphi et exsecutio === {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria graphorum|Graphus|en|qid=Q131476}}{{Fnd}} computationis relationes inter operationes explicat. Nodi operationibus respondent; nexus tensoribus tradendis aut ordine exsecutionis imponendo inserviunt. Graphus ita non tantum imaginem retis neuralis praebet, sed ipsius computationis descriptionem, una cum dependentiis quae observandae sunt.<ref name="osdi" /> In exsecutione immediata, Anglice ''eager execution'', operationes cum vocantur perficiuntur. Hac ratione valores intermedii inspici et instrumenta ordinaria Pythonis ad errores investigandos adhiberi possunt. In exsecutione per graphum operationes antea descriptae ab ambitu TensorFlow administrantur. Utraque ratio in eodem programmate adhiberi potest.<ref name="eager-paper" /> Munus <code>tf.function</code> operationes TensorFlow, quae inter vocationem functionis Pythonis fiunt, in graphum colligit. Haec descriptio, Anglice ''tracing'', a subsequenti graphi exsecutione distinguitur. ''AutoGraph'' quasdam structuras imperii, ut condiciones et iterationes, in formas TensorFlow convertit; non tamen omnis codex Pythonis eodem modo transferri potest.<ref name="function">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/function «Better performance with tf.function»], documenta officialia.</ref> Mutationes generum aut formarum argumentorum novam descriptionem graphi efficere possunt. Repetita descriptio, sive ''retracing'', sumptum addit; praeterea effectus laterales Pythonis, ut elementorum ad indicem adiectio, non necessario quoties graphus exsequitur repetuntur. Haec distinctio ad rectam interpretationem codicis pertinet, non tantum ad eius celeritatem.<ref name="function" /> === Interoperabilitas cum NumPy === Ordines {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|NumPy||en|qid=Q197520}} in tensores converti possunt, et tensores in exsecutione immediata per <code>.numpy()</code> in ordines NumPy transferri. Similitudo tamen formarum datorum non significat omnem computationem NumPy a TensorFlow observari. Si calculus ad NumPy transit, nexus quem differentiatio automatica TensorFlow persequitur interrumpi potest.<ref name="tensors" /><ref name="autodiff">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/autodiff «Introduction to gradients and automatic differentiation»], documenta officialia.</ref> == Exercitatio exemplarium == === Differentiatio automatica === TensorFlow [[Derivativum|derivatas]] operationum compositarum per differentiationem automaticam computat. <code>tf.GradientTape</code> operationes ad certas variabiles pertinentes observat; inde derivatae functionis propositae secundum illas variabiles reperiuntur. Haec ratio ad propagationem erroris retro per rete neurale adhiberi potest.<ref name="autodiff" /> Differentiatio automatica regulis derivandi operationibus compositis applicatis nititur. A differentiatione numerica per parvas mutationes argumentorum et a tractatione mere symbolica formularum distinguitur.<ref name="autodiff-survey">Atilim Gunes Baydin, Barak A. Pearlmutter, Alexey Andreyevich Radul et Jeffrey Mark Siskind, [https://jmlr.org/papers/v18/17-468.html «Automatic Differentiation in Machine Learning: a Survey»], ''Journal of Machine Learning Research'' 18(153), 2018, pp. 1–43.</ref> In TensorFlow non omnis operatio derivatam utilem praebet, neque omnis variabilis automatice cum eventu coniungitur. Valor <code>None</code> pro gradiente redditus absentiam nexus observati significare potest; non idem est ac derivata numerice nulla.<ref name="autodiff" /> === Functio iacturae et optimizatio === Exercitatio plerumque quaerit valores parametrorum quibus ''functio iacturae'' minuatur. In descensu gradientis renovatio simplicissima sic exprimitur: <math display="block">\theta_{t+1}=\theta_t-\eta\,\nabla_\theta L(\theta_t).</math> Hic <math>\theta</math> parametros, <math>L</math> functionem iacturae, <math>\eta</math> gradum discendi indicat. In descensu stochastico gradientis aestimatio ex parte datorum, saepe ex parvo grege exemplorum, petitur. TensorFlow per Keras varias rationes renovationis, inter quas SGD, Adam, RMSprop et Adagrad, praebet; interfacies inferiores etiam rationes proprias describere sinunt.<ref name="optimizers">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/core/optimizers_core «Optimizers with Core APIs»], documenta officialia.</ref> Functio iacturae a natura problematis pendet. Ad regressionem adhiberi potest media quadratorum differentiarum; ad classificationem, formae entropiae cruciatae. Interfacies <code>tf.keras.losses</code> functiones et obiecta huiusmodi continet, quibus etiam rationes aggregationis ac pondera exemplorum administrantur.<ref name="losses">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/losses «tf.keras.losses»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> === Aestimatio et mensurae === Mensurae aestimationis a functione cuius gradientem optimizator sequitur distinguendae sunt. Exemplar, exempli gratia, entropiam cruciatam minuere potest, dum proportio responsorum recte classificatorum separatim refertur. TensorFlow mensuras ad classificationem, regressionem et segmentationem praebet, inter quas sunt ''precision'', ''recall'' et area sub curva ROC.<ref name="metrics">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/metrics «tf.keras.metrics»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> === Keras et structura retis === In Keras ''stratum'' computationem cum statu, si quis est, coniungit. Plura strata in exemplar componuntur. <code>Sequential</code> ad seriem simplicem stratorum aptum est; interfacies functionalis nexus multipliciores, plures introitus et plures exitus describere potest. Classes propriae maiorem libertatem in computatione definienda praebent.<ref name="keras-guide" /> Methodus <code>compile</code> functionem iacturae, optimizatorem et mensuras aestimationis constituit; <code>fit</code> exercitationem administrat, <code>evaluate</code> mensuras computat, et <code>predict</code> eventus exemplaris reddit. Verbum ''compile'' hic configurationem exercitationis designat: non per se significat totum programma a compilatore XLA in codicem machinalem conversum esse.<ref name="keras-guide" /><ref name="tf2xla">OpenXLA, [https://openxla.org/xla/tf2xla «XLA: Optimizing Compiler for Machine Learning»], documenta officialia.</ref> Keras 3 interfaciem pluribus fundamentis computationis communem praebet. Codex qui tantum operationibus TensorFlow propriis nititur non eo ipso ad PyTorch aut JAX transferri potest; portabilitas pendet etiam ab operationibus quibus strata propria utuntur. Haec distinctio imprimis valet ubi compatibilitas inter compages requiritur.<ref name="keras3" /> == Data et apparatus computationis == === Adductio et praeparatio datorum === Interfacies <code>tf.data</code> seriem elementorum datorum per <code>Dataset</code> repraesentat. Ex fontibus, ut fasciculis aut ordinibus in memoria positis, ordo transformationum componitur: elementa leguntur, mutantur, miscentur et in greges distribuuntur. Data ita successive tractari possunt, neque necesse est universam copiam simul in memoria retinere.<ref name="tfdata">Derek G. Murray, Jiří Šimša, Ana Klimovic et Ihor Indyk, [https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol14/p2945-klimovic.pdf «tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework»], ''Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment'' 14(12), 2021, pp. 2945–2958. DOI: 10.14778/3476311.3476374.</ref> Celeritas exercitationis non solum ab operationibus retis pendet. Si data serius quam opus est leguntur aut praeparantur, facultates acceleratoris ex parte otiosae manent. <code>map</code> parallelum, <code>cache</code> et <code>prefetch</code> huic difficultati occurrunt: ultima ratio praeparationem gregis insequentis cum computatione gregis praesentis concurrere sinit. Locus tamen quo memoria intermedia adhibetur et amplitudo gregum usum memoriae atque ordinem operationum afficiunt.<ref name="data-performance">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/data_performance «Better performance with the tf.data API»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Processoria et acceleratores === TensorFlow operationes inter [[procestrum princeps|procestra principia]] et acceleratores, velut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|procestrum graphicum|procestra graphica|en|qid=Q183484}}, collocare potest. Eidem operationi plures rationes exsecutionis, Anglice ''kernels'', respondere possunt, quarum electio ab apparatu et genere datorum pendet. Ubi operatio in certo acceleratore sustineri non potest, alio apparatu efficienda est, si talis ratio praesto est.<ref name="gpu">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/gpu «Use a GPU»], documenta officialia.</ref> Facultas systema in [[Linux]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] aut [[macOS]] instituendi a facultate cuiuslibet acceleratoris adhibendi distinguitur. Haec posterior cum versione TensorFlow, architectura machinae, rectoribus apparatus et bibliothecis auxiliaribus cohaeret. Itaque enumeratio systematum operativorum sola non sufficit ad compatibilitatem GPU definiendam.<ref name="install">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/install/pip «Install TensorFlow with pip»], documenta officialia.</ref> ''Tensor Processing Unit'' sive TPU est accelerator a Google ad calculos doctrinae automaticae excultus. Prima generatio, in commentatione anni 2017 descripta, praecipue ad inferentiam retis iam exercitati destinabatur et multiplicationibus matricum numerorum integrorum octo bitum utebatur.<ref name="tpu-paper">Norman P. Jouppi et al., [[arxiv:1704.04760|«In-Datacenter Performance Analysis of a Tensor Processing Unit»]], ''International Symposium on Computer Architecture'', 2017; arXiv:1704.04760.</ref> Architecturae Cloud TPU posteriores etiam exercitationi exemplarium et computationibus inter plures machinas distributis inserviunt. Vocabulum TPU igitur non unum apparatum immutabilem designat.<ref name="cloud-tpu">Google Cloud, [https://docs.cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/system-architecture-tpu-vm «TPU architecture»], documenta officialia.</ref> ''Edge TPU'' a Cloud TPU distinguendum est: ad exemplaria aptata in machinis minoribus exsequenda destinatur. Exemplaria extra eum exerceri, ad formam TensorFlow Lite converti et ad acceleratorem compilari possunt. Utriusque apparatus nomen commune non implicat eandem facultatem exercitationis aut eundem ambitum exsecutionis.<ref name="edge-tpu">Coral, [https://coral.ai/docs/edgetpu/faq/ «Frequently asked questions»], praesertim capita de discrimine inter Edge TPU et Cloud TPU atque de exemplaribus TensorFlow 2.</ref> === Computatio distributa === Interfacies <code>tf.distribute.Strategy</code> exercitationem inter plures acceleratores aut computatra distribuit. In parallelismo datorum plures exemplaris imagines diversas partes datorum tractant. In ratione synchrona gradientes ante renovationem communem componuntur; in ratione asynchrona operarii statum communem temporibus diversis renovare possunt.<ref name="distributed">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/distributed_training «Distributed training with TensorFlow»], documenta officialia.</ref> <code>MirroredStrategy</code> ad plures GPU in una machina, <code>MultiWorkerMirroredStrategy</code> ad plures machinas, et <code>TPUStrategy</code> ad TPU adhibetur. <code>ParameterServerStrategy</code> computationem inter operarios et ministros parametrorum disponit. Hae rationes cum Keras aut circuitibus exercitationis propriis coniungi possunt; earum facultates et restrictiones non sunt omnino eaedem.<ref name="distributed" /> === XLA et emendatio computationis === ''XLA'', ex verbis ''Accelerated Linear Algebra'', est compilator ad computationes doctrinae automaticae accommodatus et pars consilii [[OpenXLA]]. TensorFlow, JAX et PyTorch per interfacies suas eo uti possunt. XLA igitur, quamquam cum TensorFlow historice coniunctum, non est tantum aliud nomen huius bibliothecae.<ref name="xla">OpenXLA, [https://openxla.org/xla «XLA»], documenta officialia.</ref> Una emendationum praecipuarum est ''fusio operationum'': plures operationes in unum calculum coniunguntur, quo valores intermedii rarius in memoriam principalem scribantur et inde legantur. In TensorFlow argumentum <code>jit_compile=True</code> compilationem XLA functionis petere potest. Haec compilatio a sola formatione graphi per <code>tf.function</code> distinguenda est; operationes omnes ad compilatorem destinatum aptae esse debent.<ref name="tf2xla" /> === Praecisio mixta === Praecisio mixta genera numerorum virgula mobili repraesentatorum coniungit: exempli gratia, nonnullae operationes fiunt in <code>float16</code> aut <code>bfloat16</code>, dum variabiles et computationes subtiliores in <code>float32</code> retinentur. Propositum est usum memoriae ac tempus computationis minuere, stabilitate numerica servata.<ref name="mixed">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/mixed_precision «Mixed precision»], documenta officialia.</ref> Utilitas ab apparatu et exemplari pendet. Minor numerus bitum non in omni processorio maiorem celeritatem efficit; in quibusdam computationibus amplitudo numerorum repraesentabilium et errores rotundationis rationes speciales, ut iacturae amplificationem, requirunt. Praecisio computationis neque cum subtilitate statistica praedictionum neque cum mensura classificationis quae ''accuracy'' appellatur confundenda est.<ref name="mixed" /> == Conservatio et usus exemplarium == === Exercitatio et inferentia === In exercitatione parametri exemplaris ex datis renovantur; in ''inferentia'' exemplar ad novos eventus computandos adhibetur, plerumque sine renovatione ponderum. Hae partes diversos usus instrumentorum habent: <code>fit</code> exercitationem administrat, dum <code>predict</code> eventus reddit. Exemplar idem ad usum in alio ambitu exportari potest.<ref name="keras-guide" /> === Formae conservationis === TensorFlow plures rationes conservationis praebet, quae munere differunt. ''Checkpoint'' statum variabilium et obiecta ad exercitationem pertinentia servare potest; ''SavedModel'' computationem cum variabilibus et functionibus exportatis complectitur. Forma <code>.keras</code> ad exemplar Keras conservandum et restituendum destinatur.<ref name="checkpoint">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/checkpoint «Training checkpoints»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="savedmodel">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/saved_model «Using the SavedModel format»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="keras-save">Keras, [https://keras.io/guides/serialization_and_saving/ «Save, serialize, and export models»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Formae conservationis et munera earum !Forma !Quid servatur !Usus praecipuus |- |''Checkpoint'' |Status variabilium; si ita constitutum est, etiam status optimizatoris |Exercitationem restituere aut continuare |- |''SavedModel'' |Computationes TensorFlow, variabiles et functiones exportatae |Exemplar inter ambitus transferre et in ministeriis exsequi |- |<code>.keras</code> |Configuratio exemplaris Keras, pondera et status exercitationis servandus |Exemplar in ambitu Keras conservare et restituere |- |<code>.tflite</code> |Exemplar ad ambitum exsecutionis LiteRT conversum |Inferentiam in machinis terminalibus efficere |} SavedModel ordinarias computationes servatas exsequi potest sine codice Pythonis quo exemplar primum constitutum est; hoc tamen non significat omnes operationes proprias aut omnes bibliothecas externas in quovis ambitu automatice praesto esse. Exemplar conservatum et ambitus qui illud recipit inter se congruere debent.<ref name="savedmodel" /> In Keras 3 conservatio per <code>model.save("exemplar.keras")</code> et exportatio ad SavedModel per <code>model.export("exemplar")</code> diversa munera habent. Codex vetustior qui omnes formas per eandem methodum tractabat propter hanc mutationem aptandus esse potest.<ref name="keras-migration">Keras, [https://keras.io/guides/migrating_to_keras_3/ «Migrating Keras 2 code to multi-backend Keras 3»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow Serving === ''TensorFlow Serving'' exemplaria iam exercitata in ministeriis petitionibus usorum respondentibus adhibet. Propositum eius est exemplaria nova inserere aut renovare, architectura ministri et interfacie petitionum quantum fieri potest servatis. Systema cum exemplaribus TensorFlow directe coniungitur, sed ad alia quoque genera exemplarium et datorum extendi potest.<ref name="serving">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/guide/serving «Serving Models»], documenta officialia.</ref> Minister exemplarium, ''ModelServer'', petitiones per interfacies gRPC et REST recipit. In interfacie REST petitiones et responsa forma JSON exprimuntur; praeter praedictiones petendas, status exemplaris et notitiae de eo inspici possunt. Sic computatio exemplaris aliis programmatibus praebetur, etiamsi ea alia lingua scripta sunt.<ref name="serving-rest">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/serving/api_rest «RESTful API»], documenta TensorFlow Serving.</ref> === LiteRT et machinae terminales === ''LiteRT'', antea TensorFlow Lite, est ambitus exsecutionis ad [[Android]], [[iOS]] et machinas inclusas accommodatus. Instrumenta conversionis exemplaria ad formam aptam transferunt; extensio <code>.tflite</code> mutatione nominis anno 2024 non sublata est. LiteRT latiorem originem exemplarium sustinet, inter quae sunt exemplaria per TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch et JAX constituta.<ref name="litert" /> In hac ratione calculus in ipsa machina usoris fieri potest. Ambitus hodiernus Google AI Edge instrumenta ad acceleratores locales et conversionem exemplarium coniungit. Distinguenda tamen sunt exemplar originale, forma conversae computationis et apparatus qui operationes revera sustinet: nomen bibliothecae unde exemplar ortum est solum compatibilitatem non definit.<ref name="litert-docs">Google AI Edge, [https://developers.google.com/edge/litert «LiteRT»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow.js === ''TensorFlow.js'' est bibliotheca [[JavaScript]] qua exemplaria in [[navigatrum|navigatris]] et in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Node.js||en|qid=Q756100}} exerceri atque adhiberi possunt. Ea et operationes tensorum et interfaciem superioris ordinis ad retia neuralia praebet; exemplaria ex aliis ambitibus etiam converti possunt.<ref name="tfjs">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/js/tutorials «Get started with TensorFlow.js»], documenta officialia.</ref> Ratio operationum perficiendarum ab ambitu pendet. Exempli gratia, fundamentum [[WebGL]] facultatibus graphicis navigatorii utitur, fundamentum [[WebAssembly]] aliam viam computationis praebet, et fundamentum TensorFlow pro Node.js cum interfacie [[C (lingua programmationis)|C]] coniungitur. In nonnullis horum ambituum memoria tensorum expresse dimittenda est, cum collectio ordinaria obiectorum JavaScript ad eam liberandam non sufficiat.<ref name="tfjs-platform">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/js/guide/platform_environment «Platform and environment»], documenta TensorFlow.js.</ref> == Instrumenta coniuncta == === TensorBoard === ''TensorBoard'' instrumenta visualia ad experimenta inspicienda praebet. Iacturae et mensurae per tempus describi, ponderum distributiones comparari et graphus exemplaris explorari possunt. Etiam imagines, textus, soni et repraesentationes vectoriales inspiciuntur. Instrumenta mensurationis adiuvant ad intellegendum quibus in partibus programma tempus computationis consumat.<ref name="tensorboard">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tensorboard «TensorBoard: TensorFlow's visualization toolkit»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow Extended === ''TensorFlow Extended'' sive TFX ordinem operis ab adductione datorum ad exemplar in usum inductum componit. Partes eius data recipere, proprietates statisticas describere, valores insolitos deprehendere, proprietates transformare, exemplar exercere atque eius qualitatem aestimare possunt. Hae partes non sunt strata retis neuralis, sed gradus processus quo exemplaria producuntur.<ref name="tfx">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/guide «The TFX User Guide»], documenta officialia.</ref> Inter partes ordinarias numerantur <code>ExampleGen</code>, <code>StatisticsGen</code>, <code>SchemaGen</code>, <code>ExampleValidator</code>, <code>Transform</code>, <code>Trainer</code> et <code>Evaluator</code>. Res ab his gradibus productae et notitiae de earum origine servari possunt, quo nexus inter data, exercitationem et exemplar effectum investigetur.<ref name="tfx" /> === Bibliothecae ad usus proprios === Praeter nucleum systematis sunt bibliothecae ad certos usus destinatae. Earum nomina affinitatem indicant, non necessitatem omnes simul instituendi neque promissionem eas omnes cum qualibet versione nuclei congruere.<ref name="extensions">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/resources/libraries-extensions «Libraries & extensions»], index officialis instrumentorum.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Instrumentum !Munus |- |TensorFlow Probability |Calculus probabilisticus et analysis statistica |- |TensorFlow Quantum |Exemplaria doctrinae automaticae quae computationem classicam et [[Computatio quantica|quanticam]] coniungunt |- |TensorFlow Recommenders |Constructio systematum quae res usoribus commendant |- |TensorFlow Ranking |Doctrina ordinis quo res proponuntur |- |TensorFlow Decision Forests |Exemplaria arboribus decisionis coniunctis innixa |- |TensorFlow Model Optimization |Instrumenta ad exemplaria contrahenda et sumptum computationis minuendum |} == Usus in investigatione et ministeriis == === Imagines et series temporales === Inter usus documentatos est classificatio imaginum, ad quam strata convolutionalia cum stratis finalibus classificationis coniunguntur. TensorFlow etiam transformationes imaginum ad copiam exercitationis augendam et rationes ad nimiam accommodationem temperandam sustinet.<ref name="image-classification">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/images/classification «Image classification»], documenta officialia.</ref> In praedictione serierum temporalium observationes continuae in intervalla disponuntur, ex quibus valores posteriores aestimantur. Documenta TensorFlow exemplaria linearia, convolutionalia et recurrentia huic muneri accommodata describunt; in retibus recurrentibus status internus inter gradus temporis servatur.<ref name="time-series">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/structured_data/time_series «Time series forecasting»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Exemplaria generativa === Exemplaria generativa novas imagines secundum proprietates ex datis didicitas producere possunt. Documenta TensorFlow retia generativa adversaria, Anglice ''generative adversarial networks'' sive GAN, demonstrant, in quibus generator exempla fingit et discriminator inter exempla e datis sumpta et exempla generata discernere discit. Exercitatio duorum retium functionibus iacturae inter se connexis administratur.<ref name="generative">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/generative/dcgan «Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Tractatio linguae naturalis === TensorFlow ad exemplaria [[Lingua naturalis|linguae naturalis]] excogitanda et distribuenda adhibitum est. Exemplum documentatum est [[BERT]], cuius auctores codicem TensorFlow, pondera antea exercitata et programmata ad experimenta adaptationis repetenda publicaverunt. Exemplar repraesentationes verborum ex contextu discit, quae deinde ad quaestiones, classificationem textuum et alia munera accommodantur.<ref name="bert-paper">Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee et Kristina Toutanova, [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423/ «BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding»], ''Proceedings of NAACL-HLT'', 2019, pp. 4171–4186. DOI: 10.18653/v1/N19-1423.</ref><ref name="bert-code">Google Research, [[github:google-research/bert|repositorium BERT]], praesertim descriptio codicis TensorFlow et ponderum publicatorum.</ref> Hoc exemplum munus bibliothecae a ratione exemplaris distinguit: architectura BERT in commentatione scientifica definitur, dum TensorFlow instrumenta praebet quibus illa architectura exercetur et adhibetur. Repositorium originale etiam versiones in aliis compagibus effectas commemorat; BERT igitur ad TensorFlow necessario non alligatur.<ref name="bert-code" /> === Genomica === In [[bioinformatica]] ''DeepVariant'' retibus neuralibus ad variationes geneticas ex datis lectionum [[Acidum desoxyribonucleicum|DNA]] investigandas utitur. Auctores rationem anno 2018 descripserunt qua lectiones circa locos variationis possibilis in repraesentationes imaginibus similes rediguntur et per rete convolutionale aestimantur. TensorFlow inter instrumenta quibus programmata DeepVariant nituntur recensetur.<ref name="deepvariant-paper">Ryan Poplin et al., [https://research.google/pubs/a-universal-snp-and-small-indel-variant-caller-using-deep-neural-networks/ «A universal SNP and small-indel variant caller using deep neural networks»], ''Nature Biotechnology'', 2018.</ref><ref name="deepvariant-code">Google, [[github:google/deepvariant|repositorium DeepVariant]], descriptio rationis et instrumentorum adhibitorum.</ref> === Exemplaria in usu cotidiano === In nuntio editionis 2.0 grex TensorFlow rettulit Google News exemplar linguae BERT innixum per TensorFlow 2.0 in ministerium suum introduxisse. Hoc est exemplum usus historice documentati, non descriptio omnium exemplarium quibus ministerium hodie nititur.<ref name="tf2" /> Fontes publici item codicem, pondera et rationes exercitationis praebent, quibus exemplaria iam exculta ad novos usus accommodari possunt. Haec distributio a sola publicatione architecturae differt: ad experimentum repetendum etiam data, versiones instrumentorum et condiciones computationis pertinent.<ref name="bert-code" /><ref name="determinism">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/config/experimental/enable_op_determinism «tf.config.experimental.enable_op_determinism»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> == Comparatio cum aliis compagibus == TensorFlow, PyTorch et JAX computationem in ordinibus numerorum, differentiationem automaticam et usum acceleratorum sustinent, sed interfacies et rationes quibus programma describitur differunt. Simplex oppositio inter TensorFlow «staticum» et alias compages «dynamicas» statum hodiernum non satis exprimit: TensorFlow exsecutionem immediatam habet, et PyTorch per <code>torch.compile</code> vias compilationis praebet.<ref name="eager-paper" /><ref name="pytorch-compile">PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/main/generated/torch.compile.html «torch.compile»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Rationes programmationis comparatae !Compages !Ratio praecipua !Exempla facultatum |- |TensorFlow |Operationes tensorum cum statu mutabili et graphis computationis |<code>GradientTape</code>, <code>tf.function</code>, <code>tf.distribute</code>, SavedModel |- |PyTorch |Computatio tensorum cum differentiatione automatica et viis compilationis |<code>autograd</code>, <code>torch.compile</code><ref name="pytorch-autograd">PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/main/autograd.html «Automatic differentiation package – torch.autograd»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="pytorch-compile" /> |- |JAX |Transformationes functionum numericarum inter se componibiles |<code>grad</code>, <code>jit</code>, <code>vmap</code> |} JAX, exempli gratia, functionem accipit et aliam functionem reddit quae derivatam computat, compilationem adhibet aut computationem per plura elementa distribuit. Non est additamentum TensorFlow, quamvis cum eo instrumenta compilationis ut XLA communicet.<ref name="jax">JAX, [https://docs.jax.dev/en/latest/key-concepts.html «Key concepts»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="xla" /> Keras 3 interfaciem communem supra diversa fundamenta computationis praebet, ita ut structura exemplaris et ratio computationis inferioris separatim eligi possint, intra limites operationum quas singula fundamenta sustinent.<ref name="keras3" /> Celeritas absoluta ex solo nomine bibliothecae deduci non potest. Ad comparationem pertinent exemplar, apparatus, praecisio numerica, amplitudo gregis datorum et qualitas eventus postulata. Probationes MLPerf Training, exempli gratia, tempus metiuntur quo systema exemplar ad mensuram qualitatis praedefinitam exercet; non tantum numerum operationum quas per secundum perficit.<ref name="mlperf">MLCommons, [https://mlcommons.org/benchmarks/training/ «MLPerf Training»], descriptio probationum officialis.</ref> == Limites et difficultates == === Complicatio programmationis et compatibilitas === Coniunctio exsecutionis immediatae et exsecutionis per graphum flexibilitatem praebet, sed duas rationes interpretandi codicem secum fert. Codex in graphum translatus aliter se habere potest ob effectus laterales Pythonis, mutationem formarum aut statum obiectorum. Graphum iterum atque iterum construere etiam tempus consumit, unde usus <code>tf.function</code> non per se celeritatem maiorem praestat.<ref name="function" /> Interfacies publicae, experimentales et privatae non easdem promissiones compatibilitatis habent. TensorFlow plerumque numerationem versionum semanticam sequitur, sed documenta eius exceptiones et mutationes incompatibiles etiam in quibusdam editionibus minoribus agnoscunt. Compatibilitas codicis, graphorum conservatorum et bibliothecarum externarum separatim examinanda est.<ref name="versions">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/versions «TensorFlow version compatibility»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Facultas eventus repetendi === Eadem semina generatorum numerorum pseudofortuitorum non semper sufficiunt ut eventus per omnia experimenta identici fiant. Ordo operationum parallelarum, apparatus et versiones bibliothecarum effectum habere possunt. TensorFlow facultatem <code>enable_op_determinism</code> praebet, qua operationes secundum condiciones definitas eventus repetibiles reddant; usus eius celeritatem minuere potest.<ref name="determinism" /> Promissio talis ad ambitum definitum pertinet. Documenta idem apparatum et easdem versiones instrumentorum requirunt neque identitatem eventuum inter omnes versiones TensorFlow spondent. Repetibilitas numerica experimenti et firmitas conclusionis statisticae diversa sunt: exemplar eundem eventum repetens non eo ipso in datis novis bene se habet.<ref name="determinism" /> === Sumptus computationis et aestimatio exemplarium === Exercitatio retis, praeter pondera, valores intermedios et statum optimizatoris in memoria servare potest. Apparatus celerior non omnem difficultatem solvit, si traductio et praeparatio datorum computationem retardant. Commentatio de <code>tf.data</code> hanc partem processus magni momenti esse demonstravit; emendatio totius ordinis operis igitur a sola multiplicatione matricum acceleranda distinguitur.<ref name="tfdata" /> Praeterea facilitas qua rete constituitur et exercetur non aufert necessitatem eius facultatem generalizandi probandi. Exemplar datis exercitationis nimis accommodari potest, ita ut in novis datis peius se habeat. TensorFlow instrumenta ad exercitationem et aestimationem praebet; delectio datorum et interpretatio mensurarum ad consilium experimenti pertinent.<ref name="generalization">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/keras/overfit_and_underfit «Overfit and underfit»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Securitas === Documenta securitatis TensorFlow exemplaria ut programmata tractanda esse monent. Graphus ignotae originis operationes continere potest quas systema exsequitur; usus talis exemplaris igitur usui codicis alieni comparatur. TensorFlow ipse non est ambitus qui exemplar suspectum a reliquo systemate necessario segregat.<ref name="security">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md|«Using TensorFlow Securely»]], documentum securitatis officiale.</ref> Ad exemplaria non fidenda exsequenda documenta ambitum segregatum commendant. Etiam fasciculi status conservati, partes programmaticae propriae et data externa secundum originem atque formam aestimanda sunt. Haec quaestio a fraude in praedictionibus aut ab inaequitate statistica exemplaris distinguitur: hic agitur de limite fiduciae inter codicem receptum et systema quod eum exsequitur.<ref name="security" /> == Evolutio, communitas et licentia == Evolutio TensorFlow in repositorio publico {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|GitHub||en|qid=Q364}} et per canales communitatis administratur. Contributiones codicem, probationes, documenta, exempla et investigationem errorum complectuntur. Origo apud Google Brain non significat codicem tantum ab operariis illius gregis confici; communitas externa quoque mutationes proponere et recensere potest.<ref name="community">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/community/contribute «Contribute to TensorFlow»], documenta communitatis.</ref> Nucleus bibliothecae sub [[Licentia Apache|licentia Apache 2.0]] distribuitur. Licentia usum, modificationem et redistributionem permittit, condicionibus suis servatis; codex autem partium externarum alias licentias habere potest. Licentia bibliothecae non per se condicionem iuridicam omnium datorum aut ponderum quibus utitur definit.<ref name="license">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/LICENSE|fasciculus LICENSE]], licentia principalis et notitiae de partibus externis.</ref> == Exempla rationis computationis == Exempla sequentia formas computationis illustrant; neque probationes celeritatis neque exemplaria ad usum practicum iam aestimata constituunt. Ad interfaciem TensorFlow 2 scripta sunt. === Operatio tensorum et derivata === Primum exemplum multiplicationem matricum a computatione derivatae distinguit. Pro <math>y=x^3+2x</math> et <math>x=2</math>, derivata est <math>3x^2+2=14</math>.<syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import tensorflow as tf a = tf.constant([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]]) b = tf.constant([[2.0, 0.0], [1.0, 2.0]]) print(tf.matmul(a, b).numpy()) # [[ 4. 4.] # [10. 8.]] x = tf.Variable(2.0) with tf.GradientTape() as tape: y = x**3 + 2.0 * x print(float(tape.gradient(y, x).numpy())) # 14.0 @tf.function def summa_quadratorum(values): return tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(values)) print(float(summa_quadratorum(tf.constant([3.0, 4.0])).numpy())) # 25.0 </syntaxhighlight><code>tf.matmul</code> multiplicationem matricum, <code>GradientTape</code> observationem necessariam ad derivandam functionem, et <code>tf.function</code> exsecutionem per graphum demonstrant. Hi mechanismi munera distincta in eodem programmate habent. === Exemplar minimum ope Keras === Alterum exemplum rete parvum ex quattuor observationibus artificialibus exercet. Omnia data in codice definiuntur, neque fasciculus externus requiritur. Observationes adeo paucae sunt ut eventus ad rationem interfaciei demonstrandam tantum pertineant.<syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow import keras keras.utils.set_random_seed(7) x = tf.constant([[-2.0], [-1.0], [1.0], [2.0]]) y = tf.constant([[0.0], [0.0], [1.0], [1.0]]) model = keras.Sequential([ keras.Input(shape=(1,)), keras.layers.Dense(4, activation="tanh"), keras.layers.Dense(1, activation="sigmoid"), ]) model.compile( optimizer=keras.optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=0.1), loss=keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(), ) model.fit(x, y, epochs=80, batch_size=4, verbose=0) # Exemplar iam exercitatum adhibere. print(model(x, training=False).numpy()) </syntaxhighlight>In hoc exemplo <code>fit</code> pondera renovat, dum ultima vocatio exemplaris eventus reddit. Quia eadem quattuor puncta ad demonstrationem adhibentur, numeri impressi non sunt aestimatio facultatis generalizandi per copiam probationis independentem facta. {{NexInt}} * [[Bibliotheca (informatica)]] * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Keras||en|qid=Q28470421}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|NumPy||en|qid=Q197520}} * [[PyTorch]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|JAX (programma computatrale)||en|qid=Q107382149}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia selecta == * Abadi, Martín et al. 2016. [https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/abadi ''TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning'']. OSDI, pp. 265–283. * Agrawal, Akshay et al. 2019. [[arxiv:1903.01855|''TensorFlow Eager: A Multi-Stage, Python-Embedded DSL for Machine Learning'']]. SysML. * Baydin, Atilim Gunes; Pearlmutter, Barak A.; Radul, Alexey Andreyevich; Siskind, Jeffrey Mark. 2018. [https://jmlr.org/papers/v18/17-468.html ''Automatic Differentiation in Machine Learning: a Survey'']. ''Journal of Machine Learning Research'' 18(153), pp. 1–43. * Murray, Derek G.; Šimša, Jiří; Klimovic, Ana; Indyk, Ihor. 2021. [https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol14/p2945-klimovic.pdf ''tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework'']. ''Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment'' 14(12), pp. 2945–2958. == Nexus externi == {{communia|TensorFlow}} * [https://www.tensorflow.org/ Situs officialis] * [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow|Repositorium codicis]] * [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide Documenta et explicatio architecturae] * [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python Interfacies Pythonis] * [https://keras.io/ Documenta Keras] * [https://developers.google.com/edge/litert Documenta LiteRT]<!-- Ante publicationem recognoscantur nomina paginarum et categoriarum in Vicipaedia Latina. Redactio nova est, non translatio verbum de verbo paginae Anglicae. --> [[Categoria:Libraria programmationis]] [[Categoria:Machina discens]] [[Categoria:Google]] [[Categoria:Artificialis intelligentia]] pz1z6v0ultjhphtzrx2cbsyjeesc9hk 3986980 3986977 2026-09-09T20:27:07Z Grufo 64423 +{{Pagina autotranslata}} 3986980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina polienda}} {{Pagina autotranslata}} <!-- Redactio encyclopaedica Latina. Fontes interretiales inspecti die 9 Septembris 2026. -->{{res|TensorFlow}} est [[Bibliotheca (informatica)|bibliotheca programmatica]] et compages instrumentorum [[Programmatura libera|liberorum]] ad [[Intellegentia artificialis|intellegentiam artificialem]], praesertim ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Doctrina automatica|doctrinam automaticam}} et [[Rete neurale artificiale|retia neuralia artificialia]], adhibita. A grege Google Brain intra societatem [[Google]] exculta, die 9 Novembris [[2015]] sub licentia Apache 2.0 publicata est. Systema tam exercitationi exemplarium ex datis quam usui exemplarium iam exercitatorum inservit; eius autem facultates etiam ad alios calculos numericos, qui operationibus in tensoribus exprimi possunt, pertinent.<ref name="origo">Jeff Dean et Rajat Monga, [https://research.google/blog/tensorflow-googles-latest-machine-learning-system-open-sourced-for-everyone/ «TensorFlow – Google's latest machine learning system, open sourced for everyone»], ''Google Research'', 9 Novembris 2015.</ref><ref name="osdi">Martín Abadi et al., [https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/abadi «TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning»], ''12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation'', 2016, pp. 265–283.</ref> Ratio systematis in [[Tensor (mathematica)|tensoribus]], ordinibus datorum per plures axes dispositis, et operationibus in eos adhibitis consistit. Computationes aut statim perficiuntur aut in graphos rediguntur. Nomen ''TensorFlow'' fluxum tensorum per graphum significat; architectura descriptionem calculi ab apparatu quo efficitur distinguit.<ref name="osdi" /><ref name="eager-paper">Akshay Agrawal et al., [[arxiv:1903.01855|«TensorFlow Eager: A Multi-Stage, Python-Embedded DSL for Machine Learning»]], ''SysML'', 2019; arXiv:1903.01855.</ref> Interfacies [[Python (lingua programmationis)|Pythonis]] in usu systematis locum praecipuum obtinet. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Keras||en|qid=Q28470421}} rationem superiorem praebet qua strata retis, exercitatio et aestimatio exemplarium administrantur; interfacies inferiores computationes singulas et proprias exercitationis rationes describere sinunt. TensorFlow neque unum exemplar praedefinitum neque certus algorithmus discendi est, sed instrumentum quo diversa exemplaria et algorithmi componuntur.<ref name="keras-guide">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/keras «Keras: The high-level API for TensorFlow»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+TensorFlow: notitiae principales !Genus |Bibliotheca calculi numerici et compages doctrinae automaticae |- !Origo |Google Brain, intra societatem Google |- !Prima publicatio |9 Novembris 2015 |- !Interfacies programmaticae principales |Python et [[C++]]<ref name="readme">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/README.md|fasciculus README.md]], praesertim descriptio interfacierum Pythonis et C++.</ref> |- !Licentia |Apache License 2.0 |- !Situs officialis |[https://www.tensorflow.org/ tensorflow.org] |- !Repositorium codicis |[[github:tensorflow/tensorflow|tensorflow/tensorflow]] |} == Historia == === DistBelief et origo TensorFlow === Ante TensorFlow Google systemate ''DistBelief'' utebatur, cuius ratio in commentatione anni [[2012]] exposita est. DistBelief retia neuralia permagna in gregibus computatrorum exercere permittebat. Inter rationes eius erat ''Downpour SGD'', forma asynchrona descensus gradientis stochastici, qua plures exemplaris imagines simul parametris renovandis operam dabant.<ref name="distbelief">Jeffrey Dean et al., [https://research.google.com/pubs/pub40565.html?hl=en-GB «Large Scale Distributed Deep Networks»], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 2012.</ref> DistBelief tamen cum apparatu interno Google arte cohaerebat et potissimum ad retia neuralia destinabatur. TensorFlow tamquam systema alterius generationis excultum est, ut programmata facilius transferri possent et investigatores maiorem libertatem haberent novas rationes computationis describendi. Publicatio anni 2015 codicem, instrumenta et exempla extra societatem usui patefecit.<ref name="origo" /> Commentatio anni [[2016]] architecturam TensorFlow exposuit, praesertim graphos fluxus datorum, statum inter computationes servatum et distributionem operationum inter processoria diversa. Eodem opere auctoribus propositum erat et investigationem et usum exemplarium in ministeriis iam operantibus una compage sustinere.<ref name="osdi" /> === Versiones 1 et 2 === TensorFlow 1.0 mense Februario [[2017]] nuntiatum est. Haec editio stabilitatem interfaciei publicae Pythonis, interfacies superioris ordinis et primam versionem experimentalem compilatoris XLA inter praecipuas mutationes habuit.<ref name="tf1">Amy McDonald Sandjideh, [https://developers.googleblog.com/en/announcing-tensorflow-10/ «Announcing TensorFlow 1.0»], ''Google Developers Blog'', 15 Februarii 2017.</ref> In usu ordinario seriei 1.x programmator primum graphum constituebat, deinde sessionem ad eum exsequendum adhibebat. Haec separatio rationem totius computationis ante exsecutionem inspicere et emendare sinebat, sed experimenta interactiva et investigationem errorum difficiliora reddere poterat. ''TensorFlow Eager'' operationes protinus exsequendas cum facultate graphos postea construendi coniunxit.<ref name="eager-paper" /> TensorFlow 2.0 die 30 Septembris [[2019]] publicatum est. Exsecutio immediata facta est ratio ordinaria, Keras arctius cum systemate coniunctum est, et <code>tf.function</code> viam praebuit qua computationes Pythonis in graphos redigerentur. Itaque series 2 graphos non abolevit: rationem qua programmator ad eos accedit mutavit.<ref name="tf2">Grex TensorFlow, [https://blog.tensorflow.org/2019/09/tensorflow-20-is-now-available.html «TensorFlow 2.0 is now available!»], ''The TensorFlow Blog'', 30 Septembris 2019.</ref> === Mutationes instrumentorum coniunctorum === Post versionem 2.0 non solum nucleus bibliothecae, sed etiam ratio instrumentorum coniunctorum mutata est. Ab editione 2.16, anno [[2024]] edita, Keras 3 versio ordinaria interfaciei <code>tf.keras</code> facta est. Keras 3 etiam aliis fundamentis computationis, inter quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|JAX (programma computatrale)|JAX|en|qid=Q107382149}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|PyTorch||en|qid=Q47509047}}, uti potest; quare Keras et TensorFlow non sunt nomina eiusdem rei. In eadem editione TensorFlow interfacies <code>tf.estimator</code> sublata est.<ref name="tf216">Grex TensorFlow, [https://blog.tensorflow.org/2024/03/whats-new-in-tensorflow-216.html «What's new in TensorFlow 2.16»], ''The TensorFlow Blog'', 13 Martii 2024.</ref><ref name="keras3">Keras, [https://keras.io/keras_3/ «Introducing Keras 3»], documenta officialia.</ref> Mense Septembri 2024 ''TensorFlow Lite'' nomen ''LiteRT'' accepit. Mutatio ad ambitum exsecutionis in ipsis machinis usorum pertinebat, qui etiam exemplaria aliis compagibus constructa recipere coeperat; nomen TensorFlow ipsius non mutatum est.<ref name="litert">Google AI Edge, [https://developers.googleblog.com/en/tensorflow-lite-is-now-litert/ «TensorFlow Lite is now LiteRT»], ''Google Developers Blog'', 4 Septembris 2024.</ref> == Fundamenta et architectura == === Tensores, formae et genera datorum === In TensorFlow ''tensor'' est ordo elementorum eiusdem generis, quod proprietate <code>dtype</code> indicatur. ''Ordo'' tensoris, qui in interfacie Anglica ''rank'' dicitur, numerum axium significat; ''forma'' sive <code>shape</code> longitudines axium exprimit. Numerus elementorum a numero axium distinguendus est: tensor formae <code>(2, 3)</code> duos axes, sed sex elementa habet.<ref name="tensors">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/tensor «Introduction to Tensors»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Exempla ordinis et formae tensorum !Res repraesentata !Ordo !Forma exemplaris !Interpretatio |- |Numerus scalaris |0 |<code>()</code> |Unus valor, nullus axis |- |[[Vector]] |1 |<code>(3,)</code> |Tria elementa in uno axe |- |[[Matrix (mathematica)|Matrix]] |2 |<code>(2, 3)</code> |Duo ordines, tres columnae |- |Grex imaginum coloratarum |4 |<code>(32, 224, 224, 3)</code> |In hac dispositione: 32 imagines, altitudo, latitudo, tres canales coloris |} Vox ''rank'' hoc sensu numerum axium, non ordinem matricis in algebra lineari usitatum, denotat. Operationes additionis, multiplicationis per singula elementa et multiplicationis matricum inter se distinguuntur. Ubi formae congruunt, regulae quae Anglice ''broadcasting'' appellantur tensores formarum diversarum in eadem operatione adhiberi sinunt.<ref name="tensors" /> === Valores immutabiles et status mutabilis === Obiecta generis <code>tf.Tensor</code> immutabilia sunt: operatio novum tensorem reddit, non elementa tensoris iam creati mutat. Contra <code>tf.Variable</code> statum mutabilem continet, cuius valor, exempli gratia pondus retis neuralis, per exercitationem renovatur. Variabilis igitur non simpliciter aliud nomen tensoris est; munus eius est valorem inter operationes conservare et mutationem eius administrare.<ref name="variables">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/variable «Introduction to Variables»], documenta officialia.</ref> Nonnullae structurae speciales formas datorum minus regulares sustinent. <code>tf.SparseTensor</code> indices et valores elementorum expresse servatorum cum forma tensoris coniungit, unde structurae in quibus plerique valores nulli sunt compendiose repraesentari possunt.<ref name="sparse">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/sparse_tensor «Working with sparse tensors»], documenta officialia.</ref> <code>tf.RaggedTensor</code> autem series continere potest quarum longitudines inter se differunt. Raritas elementorum et inaequalitas longitudinum sunt igitur proprietates diversae, quibus diversae repraesentationes respondent.<ref name="tensors" /> === Graphi et exsecutio === {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria graphorum|Graphus|en|qid=Q131476}}{{Fnd}} computationis relationes inter operationes explicat. Nodi operationibus respondent; nexus tensoribus tradendis aut ordine exsecutionis imponendo inserviunt. Graphus ita non tantum imaginem retis neuralis praebet, sed ipsius computationis descriptionem, una cum dependentiis quae observandae sunt.<ref name="osdi" /> In exsecutione immediata, Anglice ''eager execution'', operationes cum vocantur perficiuntur. Hac ratione valores intermedii inspici et instrumenta ordinaria Pythonis ad errores investigandos adhiberi possunt. In exsecutione per graphum operationes antea descriptae ab ambitu TensorFlow administrantur. Utraque ratio in eodem programmate adhiberi potest.<ref name="eager-paper" /> Munus <code>tf.function</code> operationes TensorFlow, quae inter vocationem functionis Pythonis fiunt, in graphum colligit. Haec descriptio, Anglice ''tracing'', a subsequenti graphi exsecutione distinguitur. ''AutoGraph'' quasdam structuras imperii, ut condiciones et iterationes, in formas TensorFlow convertit; non tamen omnis codex Pythonis eodem modo transferri potest.<ref name="function">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/function «Better performance with tf.function»], documenta officialia.</ref> Mutationes generum aut formarum argumentorum novam descriptionem graphi efficere possunt. Repetita descriptio, sive ''retracing'', sumptum addit; praeterea effectus laterales Pythonis, ut elementorum ad indicem adiectio, non necessario quoties graphus exsequitur repetuntur. Haec distinctio ad rectam interpretationem codicis pertinet, non tantum ad eius celeritatem.<ref name="function" /> === Interoperabilitas cum NumPy === Ordines {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|NumPy||en|qid=Q197520}} in tensores converti possunt, et tensores in exsecutione immediata per <code>.numpy()</code> in ordines NumPy transferri. Similitudo tamen formarum datorum non significat omnem computationem NumPy a TensorFlow observari. Si calculus ad NumPy transit, nexus quem differentiatio automatica TensorFlow persequitur interrumpi potest.<ref name="tensors" /><ref name="autodiff">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/autodiff «Introduction to gradients and automatic differentiation»], documenta officialia.</ref> == Exercitatio exemplarium == === Differentiatio automatica === TensorFlow [[Derivativum|derivatas]] operationum compositarum per differentiationem automaticam computat. <code>tf.GradientTape</code> operationes ad certas variabiles pertinentes observat; inde derivatae functionis propositae secundum illas variabiles reperiuntur. Haec ratio ad propagationem erroris retro per rete neurale adhiberi potest.<ref name="autodiff" /> Differentiatio automatica regulis derivandi operationibus compositis applicatis nititur. A differentiatione numerica per parvas mutationes argumentorum et a tractatione mere symbolica formularum distinguitur.<ref name="autodiff-survey">Atilim Gunes Baydin, Barak A. Pearlmutter, Alexey Andreyevich Radul et Jeffrey Mark Siskind, [https://jmlr.org/papers/v18/17-468.html «Automatic Differentiation in Machine Learning: a Survey»], ''Journal of Machine Learning Research'' 18(153), 2018, pp. 1–43.</ref> In TensorFlow non omnis operatio derivatam utilem praebet, neque omnis variabilis automatice cum eventu coniungitur. Valor <code>None</code> pro gradiente redditus absentiam nexus observati significare potest; non idem est ac derivata numerice nulla.<ref name="autodiff" /> === Functio iacturae et optimizatio === Exercitatio plerumque quaerit valores parametrorum quibus ''functio iacturae'' minuatur. In descensu gradientis renovatio simplicissima sic exprimitur: <math display="block">\theta_{t+1}=\theta_t-\eta\,\nabla_\theta L(\theta_t).</math> Hic <math>\theta</math> parametros, <math>L</math> functionem iacturae, <math>\eta</math> gradum discendi indicat. In descensu stochastico gradientis aestimatio ex parte datorum, saepe ex parvo grege exemplorum, petitur. TensorFlow per Keras varias rationes renovationis, inter quas SGD, Adam, RMSprop et Adagrad, praebet; interfacies inferiores etiam rationes proprias describere sinunt.<ref name="optimizers">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/core/optimizers_core «Optimizers with Core APIs»], documenta officialia.</ref> Functio iacturae a natura problematis pendet. Ad regressionem adhiberi potest media quadratorum differentiarum; ad classificationem, formae entropiae cruciatae. Interfacies <code>tf.keras.losses</code> functiones et obiecta huiusmodi continet, quibus etiam rationes aggregationis ac pondera exemplorum administrantur.<ref name="losses">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/losses «tf.keras.losses»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> === Aestimatio et mensurae === Mensurae aestimationis a functione cuius gradientem optimizator sequitur distinguendae sunt. Exemplar, exempli gratia, entropiam cruciatam minuere potest, dum proportio responsorum recte classificatorum separatim refertur. TensorFlow mensuras ad classificationem, regressionem et segmentationem praebet, inter quas sunt ''precision'', ''recall'' et area sub curva ROC.<ref name="metrics">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/metrics «tf.keras.metrics»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> === Keras et structura retis === In Keras ''stratum'' computationem cum statu, si quis est, coniungit. Plura strata in exemplar componuntur. <code>Sequential</code> ad seriem simplicem stratorum aptum est; interfacies functionalis nexus multipliciores, plures introitus et plures exitus describere potest. Classes propriae maiorem libertatem in computatione definienda praebent.<ref name="keras-guide" /> Methodus <code>compile</code> functionem iacturae, optimizatorem et mensuras aestimationis constituit; <code>fit</code> exercitationem administrat, <code>evaluate</code> mensuras computat, et <code>predict</code> eventus exemplaris reddit. Verbum ''compile'' hic configurationem exercitationis designat: non per se significat totum programma a compilatore XLA in codicem machinalem conversum esse.<ref name="keras-guide" /><ref name="tf2xla">OpenXLA, [https://openxla.org/xla/tf2xla «XLA: Optimizing Compiler for Machine Learning»], documenta officialia.</ref> Keras 3 interfaciem pluribus fundamentis computationis communem praebet. Codex qui tantum operationibus TensorFlow propriis nititur non eo ipso ad PyTorch aut JAX transferri potest; portabilitas pendet etiam ab operationibus quibus strata propria utuntur. Haec distinctio imprimis valet ubi compatibilitas inter compages requiritur.<ref name="keras3" /> == Data et apparatus computationis == === Adductio et praeparatio datorum === Interfacies <code>tf.data</code> seriem elementorum datorum per <code>Dataset</code> repraesentat. Ex fontibus, ut fasciculis aut ordinibus in memoria positis, ordo transformationum componitur: elementa leguntur, mutantur, miscentur et in greges distribuuntur. Data ita successive tractari possunt, neque necesse est universam copiam simul in memoria retinere.<ref name="tfdata">Derek G. Murray, Jiří Šimša, Ana Klimovic et Ihor Indyk, [https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol14/p2945-klimovic.pdf «tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework»], ''Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment'' 14(12), 2021, pp. 2945–2958. DOI: 10.14778/3476311.3476374.</ref> Celeritas exercitationis non solum ab operationibus retis pendet. Si data serius quam opus est leguntur aut praeparantur, facultates acceleratoris ex parte otiosae manent. <code>map</code> parallelum, <code>cache</code> et <code>prefetch</code> huic difficultati occurrunt: ultima ratio praeparationem gregis insequentis cum computatione gregis praesentis concurrere sinit. Locus tamen quo memoria intermedia adhibetur et amplitudo gregum usum memoriae atque ordinem operationum afficiunt.<ref name="data-performance">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/data_performance «Better performance with the tf.data API»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Processoria et acceleratores === TensorFlow operationes inter [[procestrum princeps|procestra principia]] et acceleratores, velut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|procestrum graphicum|procestra graphica|en|qid=Q183484}}, collocare potest. Eidem operationi plures rationes exsecutionis, Anglice ''kernels'', respondere possunt, quarum electio ab apparatu et genere datorum pendet. Ubi operatio in certo acceleratore sustineri non potest, alio apparatu efficienda est, si talis ratio praesto est.<ref name="gpu">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/gpu «Use a GPU»], documenta officialia.</ref> Facultas systema in [[Linux]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] aut [[macOS]] instituendi a facultate cuiuslibet acceleratoris adhibendi distinguitur. Haec posterior cum versione TensorFlow, architectura machinae, rectoribus apparatus et bibliothecis auxiliaribus cohaeret. Itaque enumeratio systematum operativorum sola non sufficit ad compatibilitatem GPU definiendam.<ref name="install">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/install/pip «Install TensorFlow with pip»], documenta officialia.</ref> ''Tensor Processing Unit'' sive TPU est accelerator a Google ad calculos doctrinae automaticae excultus. Prima generatio, in commentatione anni 2017 descripta, praecipue ad inferentiam retis iam exercitati destinabatur et multiplicationibus matricum numerorum integrorum octo bitum utebatur.<ref name="tpu-paper">Norman P. Jouppi et al., [[arxiv:1704.04760|«In-Datacenter Performance Analysis of a Tensor Processing Unit»]], ''International Symposium on Computer Architecture'', 2017; arXiv:1704.04760.</ref> Architecturae Cloud TPU posteriores etiam exercitationi exemplarium et computationibus inter plures machinas distributis inserviunt. Vocabulum TPU igitur non unum apparatum immutabilem designat.<ref name="cloud-tpu">Google Cloud, [https://docs.cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/system-architecture-tpu-vm «TPU architecture»], documenta officialia.</ref> ''Edge TPU'' a Cloud TPU distinguendum est: ad exemplaria aptata in machinis minoribus exsequenda destinatur. Exemplaria extra eum exerceri, ad formam TensorFlow Lite converti et ad acceleratorem compilari possunt. Utriusque apparatus nomen commune non implicat eandem facultatem exercitationis aut eundem ambitum exsecutionis.<ref name="edge-tpu">Coral, [https://coral.ai/docs/edgetpu/faq/ «Frequently asked questions»], praesertim capita de discrimine inter Edge TPU et Cloud TPU atque de exemplaribus TensorFlow 2.</ref> === Computatio distributa === Interfacies <code>tf.distribute.Strategy</code> exercitationem inter plures acceleratores aut computatra distribuit. In parallelismo datorum plures exemplaris imagines diversas partes datorum tractant. In ratione synchrona gradientes ante renovationem communem componuntur; in ratione asynchrona operarii statum communem temporibus diversis renovare possunt.<ref name="distributed">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/distributed_training «Distributed training with TensorFlow»], documenta officialia.</ref> <code>MirroredStrategy</code> ad plures GPU in una machina, <code>MultiWorkerMirroredStrategy</code> ad plures machinas, et <code>TPUStrategy</code> ad TPU adhibetur. <code>ParameterServerStrategy</code> computationem inter operarios et ministros parametrorum disponit. Hae rationes cum Keras aut circuitibus exercitationis propriis coniungi possunt; earum facultates et restrictiones non sunt omnino eaedem.<ref name="distributed" /> === XLA et emendatio computationis === ''XLA'', ex verbis ''Accelerated Linear Algebra'', est compilator ad computationes doctrinae automaticae accommodatus et pars consilii [[OpenXLA]]. TensorFlow, JAX et PyTorch per interfacies suas eo uti possunt. XLA igitur, quamquam cum TensorFlow historice coniunctum, non est tantum aliud nomen huius bibliothecae.<ref name="xla">OpenXLA, [https://openxla.org/xla «XLA»], documenta officialia.</ref> Una emendationum praecipuarum est ''fusio operationum'': plures operationes in unum calculum coniunguntur, quo valores intermedii rarius in memoriam principalem scribantur et inde legantur. In TensorFlow argumentum <code>jit_compile=True</code> compilationem XLA functionis petere potest. Haec compilatio a sola formatione graphi per <code>tf.function</code> distinguenda est; operationes omnes ad compilatorem destinatum aptae esse debent.<ref name="tf2xla" /> === Praecisio mixta === Praecisio mixta genera numerorum virgula mobili repraesentatorum coniungit: exempli gratia, nonnullae operationes fiunt in <code>float16</code> aut <code>bfloat16</code>, dum variabiles et computationes subtiliores in <code>float32</code> retinentur. Propositum est usum memoriae ac tempus computationis minuere, stabilitate numerica servata.<ref name="mixed">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/mixed_precision «Mixed precision»], documenta officialia.</ref> Utilitas ab apparatu et exemplari pendet. Minor numerus bitum non in omni processorio maiorem celeritatem efficit; in quibusdam computationibus amplitudo numerorum repraesentabilium et errores rotundationis rationes speciales, ut iacturae amplificationem, requirunt. Praecisio computationis neque cum subtilitate statistica praedictionum neque cum mensura classificationis quae ''accuracy'' appellatur confundenda est.<ref name="mixed" /> == Conservatio et usus exemplarium == === Exercitatio et inferentia === In exercitatione parametri exemplaris ex datis renovantur; in ''inferentia'' exemplar ad novos eventus computandos adhibetur, plerumque sine renovatione ponderum. Hae partes diversos usus instrumentorum habent: <code>fit</code> exercitationem administrat, dum <code>predict</code> eventus reddit. Exemplar idem ad usum in alio ambitu exportari potest.<ref name="keras-guide" /> === Formae conservationis === TensorFlow plures rationes conservationis praebet, quae munere differunt. ''Checkpoint'' statum variabilium et obiecta ad exercitationem pertinentia servare potest; ''SavedModel'' computationem cum variabilibus et functionibus exportatis complectitur. Forma <code>.keras</code> ad exemplar Keras conservandum et restituendum destinatur.<ref name="checkpoint">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/checkpoint «Training checkpoints»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="savedmodel">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/saved_model «Using the SavedModel format»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="keras-save">Keras, [https://keras.io/guides/serialization_and_saving/ «Save, serialize, and export models»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Formae conservationis et munera earum !Forma !Quid servatur !Usus praecipuus |- |''Checkpoint'' |Status variabilium; si ita constitutum est, etiam status optimizatoris |Exercitationem restituere aut continuare |- |''SavedModel'' |Computationes TensorFlow, variabiles et functiones exportatae |Exemplar inter ambitus transferre et in ministeriis exsequi |- |<code>.keras</code> |Configuratio exemplaris Keras, pondera et status exercitationis servandus |Exemplar in ambitu Keras conservare et restituere |- |<code>.tflite</code> |Exemplar ad ambitum exsecutionis LiteRT conversum |Inferentiam in machinis terminalibus efficere |} SavedModel ordinarias computationes servatas exsequi potest sine codice Pythonis quo exemplar primum constitutum est; hoc tamen non significat omnes operationes proprias aut omnes bibliothecas externas in quovis ambitu automatice praesto esse. Exemplar conservatum et ambitus qui illud recipit inter se congruere debent.<ref name="savedmodel" /> In Keras 3 conservatio per <code>model.save("exemplar.keras")</code> et exportatio ad SavedModel per <code>model.export("exemplar")</code> diversa munera habent. Codex vetustior qui omnes formas per eandem methodum tractabat propter hanc mutationem aptandus esse potest.<ref name="keras-migration">Keras, [https://keras.io/guides/migrating_to_keras_3/ «Migrating Keras 2 code to multi-backend Keras 3»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow Serving === ''TensorFlow Serving'' exemplaria iam exercitata in ministeriis petitionibus usorum respondentibus adhibet. Propositum eius est exemplaria nova inserere aut renovare, architectura ministri et interfacie petitionum quantum fieri potest servatis. Systema cum exemplaribus TensorFlow directe coniungitur, sed ad alia quoque genera exemplarium et datorum extendi potest.<ref name="serving">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/guide/serving «Serving Models»], documenta officialia.</ref> Minister exemplarium, ''ModelServer'', petitiones per interfacies gRPC et REST recipit. In interfacie REST petitiones et responsa forma JSON exprimuntur; praeter praedictiones petendas, status exemplaris et notitiae de eo inspici possunt. Sic computatio exemplaris aliis programmatibus praebetur, etiamsi ea alia lingua scripta sunt.<ref name="serving-rest">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/serving/api_rest «RESTful API»], documenta TensorFlow Serving.</ref> === LiteRT et machinae terminales === ''LiteRT'', antea TensorFlow Lite, est ambitus exsecutionis ad [[Android]], [[iOS]] et machinas inclusas accommodatus. Instrumenta conversionis exemplaria ad formam aptam transferunt; extensio <code>.tflite</code> mutatione nominis anno 2024 non sublata est. LiteRT latiorem originem exemplarium sustinet, inter quae sunt exemplaria per TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch et JAX constituta.<ref name="litert" /> In hac ratione calculus in ipsa machina usoris fieri potest. Ambitus hodiernus Google AI Edge instrumenta ad acceleratores locales et conversionem exemplarium coniungit. Distinguenda tamen sunt exemplar originale, forma conversae computationis et apparatus qui operationes revera sustinet: nomen bibliothecae unde exemplar ortum est solum compatibilitatem non definit.<ref name="litert-docs">Google AI Edge, [https://developers.google.com/edge/litert «LiteRT»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow.js === ''TensorFlow.js'' est bibliotheca [[JavaScript]] qua exemplaria in [[navigatrum|navigatris]] et in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Node.js||en|qid=Q756100}} exerceri atque adhiberi possunt. Ea et operationes tensorum et interfaciem superioris ordinis ad retia neuralia praebet; exemplaria ex aliis ambitibus etiam converti possunt.<ref name="tfjs">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/js/tutorials «Get started with TensorFlow.js»], documenta officialia.</ref> Ratio operationum perficiendarum ab ambitu pendet. Exempli gratia, fundamentum [[WebGL]] facultatibus graphicis navigatorii utitur, fundamentum [[WebAssembly]] aliam viam computationis praebet, et fundamentum TensorFlow pro Node.js cum interfacie [[C (lingua programmationis)|C]] coniungitur. In nonnullis horum ambituum memoria tensorum expresse dimittenda est, cum collectio ordinaria obiectorum JavaScript ad eam liberandam non sufficiat.<ref name="tfjs-platform">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/js/guide/platform_environment «Platform and environment»], documenta TensorFlow.js.</ref> == Instrumenta coniuncta == === TensorBoard === ''TensorBoard'' instrumenta visualia ad experimenta inspicienda praebet. Iacturae et mensurae per tempus describi, ponderum distributiones comparari et graphus exemplaris explorari possunt. Etiam imagines, textus, soni et repraesentationes vectoriales inspiciuntur. Instrumenta mensurationis adiuvant ad intellegendum quibus in partibus programma tempus computationis consumat.<ref name="tensorboard">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tensorboard «TensorBoard: TensorFlow's visualization toolkit»], documenta officialia.</ref> === TensorFlow Extended === ''TensorFlow Extended'' sive TFX ordinem operis ab adductione datorum ad exemplar in usum inductum componit. Partes eius data recipere, proprietates statisticas describere, valores insolitos deprehendere, proprietates transformare, exemplar exercere atque eius qualitatem aestimare possunt. Hae partes non sunt strata retis neuralis, sed gradus processus quo exemplaria producuntur.<ref name="tfx">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/guide «The TFX User Guide»], documenta officialia.</ref> Inter partes ordinarias numerantur <code>ExampleGen</code>, <code>StatisticsGen</code>, <code>SchemaGen</code>, <code>ExampleValidator</code>, <code>Transform</code>, <code>Trainer</code> et <code>Evaluator</code>. Res ab his gradibus productae et notitiae de earum origine servari possunt, quo nexus inter data, exercitationem et exemplar effectum investigetur.<ref name="tfx" /> === Bibliothecae ad usus proprios === Praeter nucleum systematis sunt bibliothecae ad certos usus destinatae. Earum nomina affinitatem indicant, non necessitatem omnes simul instituendi neque promissionem eas omnes cum qualibet versione nuclei congruere.<ref name="extensions">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/resources/libraries-extensions «Libraries & extensions»], index officialis instrumentorum.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Instrumentum !Munus |- |TensorFlow Probability |Calculus probabilisticus et analysis statistica |- |TensorFlow Quantum |Exemplaria doctrinae automaticae quae computationem classicam et [[Computatio quantica|quanticam]] coniungunt |- |TensorFlow Recommenders |Constructio systematum quae res usoribus commendant |- |TensorFlow Ranking |Doctrina ordinis quo res proponuntur |- |TensorFlow Decision Forests |Exemplaria arboribus decisionis coniunctis innixa |- |TensorFlow Model Optimization |Instrumenta ad exemplaria contrahenda et sumptum computationis minuendum |} == Usus in investigatione et ministeriis == === Imagines et series temporales === Inter usus documentatos est classificatio imaginum, ad quam strata convolutionalia cum stratis finalibus classificationis coniunguntur. TensorFlow etiam transformationes imaginum ad copiam exercitationis augendam et rationes ad nimiam accommodationem temperandam sustinet.<ref name="image-classification">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/images/classification «Image classification»], documenta officialia.</ref> In praedictione serierum temporalium observationes continuae in intervalla disponuntur, ex quibus valores posteriores aestimantur. Documenta TensorFlow exemplaria linearia, convolutionalia et recurrentia huic muneri accommodata describunt; in retibus recurrentibus status internus inter gradus temporis servatur.<ref name="time-series">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/structured_data/time_series «Time series forecasting»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Exemplaria generativa === Exemplaria generativa novas imagines secundum proprietates ex datis didicitas producere possunt. Documenta TensorFlow retia generativa adversaria, Anglice ''generative adversarial networks'' sive GAN, demonstrant, in quibus generator exempla fingit et discriminator inter exempla e datis sumpta et exempla generata discernere discit. Exercitatio duorum retium functionibus iacturae inter se connexis administratur.<ref name="generative">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/generative/dcgan «Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Tractatio linguae naturalis === TensorFlow ad exemplaria [[Lingua naturalis|linguae naturalis]] excogitanda et distribuenda adhibitum est. Exemplum documentatum est [[BERT]], cuius auctores codicem TensorFlow, pondera antea exercitata et programmata ad experimenta adaptationis repetenda publicaverunt. Exemplar repraesentationes verborum ex contextu discit, quae deinde ad quaestiones, classificationem textuum et alia munera accommodantur.<ref name="bert-paper">Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee et Kristina Toutanova, [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423/ «BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding»], ''Proceedings of NAACL-HLT'', 2019, pp. 4171–4186. DOI: 10.18653/v1/N19-1423.</ref><ref name="bert-code">Google Research, [[github:google-research/bert|repositorium BERT]], praesertim descriptio codicis TensorFlow et ponderum publicatorum.</ref> Hoc exemplum munus bibliothecae a ratione exemplaris distinguit: architectura BERT in commentatione scientifica definitur, dum TensorFlow instrumenta praebet quibus illa architectura exercetur et adhibetur. Repositorium originale etiam versiones in aliis compagibus effectas commemorat; BERT igitur ad TensorFlow necessario non alligatur.<ref name="bert-code" /> === Genomica === In [[bioinformatica]] ''DeepVariant'' retibus neuralibus ad variationes geneticas ex datis lectionum [[Acidum desoxyribonucleicum|DNA]] investigandas utitur. Auctores rationem anno 2018 descripserunt qua lectiones circa locos variationis possibilis in repraesentationes imaginibus similes rediguntur et per rete convolutionale aestimantur. TensorFlow inter instrumenta quibus programmata DeepVariant nituntur recensetur.<ref name="deepvariant-paper">Ryan Poplin et al., [https://research.google/pubs/a-universal-snp-and-small-indel-variant-caller-using-deep-neural-networks/ «A universal SNP and small-indel variant caller using deep neural networks»], ''Nature Biotechnology'', 2018.</ref><ref name="deepvariant-code">Google, [[github:google/deepvariant|repositorium DeepVariant]], descriptio rationis et instrumentorum adhibitorum.</ref> === Exemplaria in usu cotidiano === In nuntio editionis 2.0 grex TensorFlow rettulit Google News exemplar linguae BERT innixum per TensorFlow 2.0 in ministerium suum introduxisse. Hoc est exemplum usus historice documentati, non descriptio omnium exemplarium quibus ministerium hodie nititur.<ref name="tf2" /> Fontes publici item codicem, pondera et rationes exercitationis praebent, quibus exemplaria iam exculta ad novos usus accommodari possunt. Haec distributio a sola publicatione architecturae differt: ad experimentum repetendum etiam data, versiones instrumentorum et condiciones computationis pertinent.<ref name="bert-code" /><ref name="determinism">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/config/experimental/enable_op_determinism «tf.config.experimental.enable_op_determinism»], documenta interfaciei publicae.</ref> == Comparatio cum aliis compagibus == TensorFlow, PyTorch et JAX computationem in ordinibus numerorum, differentiationem automaticam et usum acceleratorum sustinent, sed interfacies et rationes quibus programma describitur differunt. Simplex oppositio inter TensorFlow «staticum» et alias compages «dynamicas» statum hodiernum non satis exprimit: TensorFlow exsecutionem immediatam habet, et PyTorch per <code>torch.compile</code> vias compilationis praebet.<ref name="eager-paper" /><ref name="pytorch-compile">PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/main/generated/torch.compile.html «torch.compile»], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Rationes programmationis comparatae !Compages !Ratio praecipua !Exempla facultatum |- |TensorFlow |Operationes tensorum cum statu mutabili et graphis computationis |<code>GradientTape</code>, <code>tf.function</code>, <code>tf.distribute</code>, SavedModel |- |PyTorch |Computatio tensorum cum differentiatione automatica et viis compilationis |<code>autograd</code>, <code>torch.compile</code><ref name="pytorch-autograd">PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/main/autograd.html «Automatic differentiation package – torch.autograd»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="pytorch-compile" /> |- |JAX |Transformationes functionum numericarum inter se componibiles |<code>grad</code>, <code>jit</code>, <code>vmap</code> |} JAX, exempli gratia, functionem accipit et aliam functionem reddit quae derivatam computat, compilationem adhibet aut computationem per plura elementa distribuit. Non est additamentum TensorFlow, quamvis cum eo instrumenta compilationis ut XLA communicet.<ref name="jax">JAX, [https://docs.jax.dev/en/latest/key-concepts.html «Key concepts»], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="xla" /> Keras 3 interfaciem communem supra diversa fundamenta computationis praebet, ita ut structura exemplaris et ratio computationis inferioris separatim eligi possint, intra limites operationum quas singula fundamenta sustinent.<ref name="keras3" /> Celeritas absoluta ex solo nomine bibliothecae deduci non potest. Ad comparationem pertinent exemplar, apparatus, praecisio numerica, amplitudo gregis datorum et qualitas eventus postulata. Probationes MLPerf Training, exempli gratia, tempus metiuntur quo systema exemplar ad mensuram qualitatis praedefinitam exercet; non tantum numerum operationum quas per secundum perficit.<ref name="mlperf">MLCommons, [https://mlcommons.org/benchmarks/training/ «MLPerf Training»], descriptio probationum officialis.</ref> == Limites et difficultates == === Complicatio programmationis et compatibilitas === Coniunctio exsecutionis immediatae et exsecutionis per graphum flexibilitatem praebet, sed duas rationes interpretandi codicem secum fert. Codex in graphum translatus aliter se habere potest ob effectus laterales Pythonis, mutationem formarum aut statum obiectorum. Graphum iterum atque iterum construere etiam tempus consumit, unde usus <code>tf.function</code> non per se celeritatem maiorem praestat.<ref name="function" /> Interfacies publicae, experimentales et privatae non easdem promissiones compatibilitatis habent. TensorFlow plerumque numerationem versionum semanticam sequitur, sed documenta eius exceptiones et mutationes incompatibiles etiam in quibusdam editionibus minoribus agnoscunt. Compatibilitas codicis, graphorum conservatorum et bibliothecarum externarum separatim examinanda est.<ref name="versions">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/versions «TensorFlow version compatibility»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Facultas eventus repetendi === Eadem semina generatorum numerorum pseudofortuitorum non semper sufficiunt ut eventus per omnia experimenta identici fiant. Ordo operationum parallelarum, apparatus et versiones bibliothecarum effectum habere possunt. TensorFlow facultatem <code>enable_op_determinism</code> praebet, qua operationes secundum condiciones definitas eventus repetibiles reddant; usus eius celeritatem minuere potest.<ref name="determinism" /> Promissio talis ad ambitum definitum pertinet. Documenta idem apparatum et easdem versiones instrumentorum requirunt neque identitatem eventuum inter omnes versiones TensorFlow spondent. Repetibilitas numerica experimenti et firmitas conclusionis statisticae diversa sunt: exemplar eundem eventum repetens non eo ipso in datis novis bene se habet.<ref name="determinism" /> === Sumptus computationis et aestimatio exemplarium === Exercitatio retis, praeter pondera, valores intermedios et statum optimizatoris in memoria servare potest. Apparatus celerior non omnem difficultatem solvit, si traductio et praeparatio datorum computationem retardant. Commentatio de <code>tf.data</code> hanc partem processus magni momenti esse demonstravit; emendatio totius ordinis operis igitur a sola multiplicatione matricum acceleranda distinguitur.<ref name="tfdata" /> Praeterea facilitas qua rete constituitur et exercetur non aufert necessitatem eius facultatem generalizandi probandi. Exemplar datis exercitationis nimis accommodari potest, ita ut in novis datis peius se habeat. TensorFlow instrumenta ad exercitationem et aestimationem praebet; delectio datorum et interpretatio mensurarum ad consilium experimenti pertinent.<ref name="generalization">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/keras/overfit_and_underfit «Overfit and underfit»], documenta officialia.</ref> === Securitas === Documenta securitatis TensorFlow exemplaria ut programmata tractanda esse monent. Graphus ignotae originis operationes continere potest quas systema exsequitur; usus talis exemplaris igitur usui codicis alieni comparatur. TensorFlow ipse non est ambitus qui exemplar suspectum a reliquo systemate necessario segregat.<ref name="security">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md|«Using TensorFlow Securely»]], documentum securitatis officiale.</ref> Ad exemplaria non fidenda exsequenda documenta ambitum segregatum commendant. Etiam fasciculi status conservati, partes programmaticae propriae et data externa secundum originem atque formam aestimanda sunt. Haec quaestio a fraude in praedictionibus aut ab inaequitate statistica exemplaris distinguitur: hic agitur de limite fiduciae inter codicem receptum et systema quod eum exsequitur.<ref name="security" /> == Evolutio, communitas et licentia == Evolutio TensorFlow in repositorio publico {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|GitHub||en|qid=Q364}} et per canales communitatis administratur. Contributiones codicem, probationes, documenta, exempla et investigationem errorum complectuntur. Origo apud Google Brain non significat codicem tantum ab operariis illius gregis confici; communitas externa quoque mutationes proponere et recensere potest.<ref name="community">TensorFlow, [https://www.tensorflow.org/community/contribute «Contribute to TensorFlow»], documenta communitatis.</ref> Nucleus bibliothecae sub [[Licentia Apache|licentia Apache 2.0]] distribuitur. Licentia usum, modificationem et redistributionem permittit, condicionibus suis servatis; codex autem partium externarum alias licentias habere potest. Licentia bibliothecae non per se condicionem iuridicam omnium datorum aut ponderum quibus utitur definit.<ref name="license">TensorFlow, [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/LICENSE|fasciculus LICENSE]], licentia principalis et notitiae de partibus externis.</ref> == Exempla rationis computationis == Exempla sequentia formas computationis illustrant; neque probationes celeritatis neque exemplaria ad usum practicum iam aestimata constituunt. Ad interfaciem TensorFlow 2 scripta sunt. === Operatio tensorum et derivata === Primum exemplum multiplicationem matricum a computatione derivatae distinguit. Pro <math>y=x^3+2x</math> et <math>x=2</math>, derivata est <math>3x^2+2=14</math>.<syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import tensorflow as tf a = tf.constant([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]]) b = tf.constant([[2.0, 0.0], [1.0, 2.0]]) print(tf.matmul(a, b).numpy()) # [[ 4. 4.] # [10. 8.]] x = tf.Variable(2.0) with tf.GradientTape() as tape: y = x**3 + 2.0 * x print(float(tape.gradient(y, x).numpy())) # 14.0 @tf.function def summa_quadratorum(values): return tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(values)) print(float(summa_quadratorum(tf.constant([3.0, 4.0])).numpy())) # 25.0 </syntaxhighlight><code>tf.matmul</code> multiplicationem matricum, <code>GradientTape</code> observationem necessariam ad derivandam functionem, et <code>tf.function</code> exsecutionem per graphum demonstrant. Hi mechanismi munera distincta in eodem programmate habent. === Exemplar minimum ope Keras === Alterum exemplum rete parvum ex quattuor observationibus artificialibus exercet. Omnia data in codice definiuntur, neque fasciculus externus requiritur. Observationes adeo paucae sunt ut eventus ad rationem interfaciei demonstrandam tantum pertineant.<syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow import keras keras.utils.set_random_seed(7) x = tf.constant([[-2.0], [-1.0], [1.0], [2.0]]) y = tf.constant([[0.0], [0.0], [1.0], [1.0]]) model = keras.Sequential([ keras.Input(shape=(1,)), keras.layers.Dense(4, activation="tanh"), keras.layers.Dense(1, activation="sigmoid"), ]) model.compile( optimizer=keras.optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=0.1), loss=keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(), ) model.fit(x, y, epochs=80, batch_size=4, verbose=0) # Exemplar iam exercitatum adhibere. print(model(x, training=False).numpy()) </syntaxhighlight>In hoc exemplo <code>fit</code> pondera renovat, dum ultima vocatio exemplaris eventus reddit. Quia eadem quattuor puncta ad demonstrationem adhibentur, numeri impressi non sunt aestimatio facultatis generalizandi per copiam probationis independentem facta. {{NexInt}} * [[Bibliotheca (informatica)]] * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Keras||en|qid=Q28470421}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|NumPy||en|qid=Q197520}} * [[PyTorch]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|JAX (programma computatrale)||en|qid=Q107382149}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia selecta == * Abadi, Martín et al. 2016. [https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/abadi ''TensorFlow: A System for Large-Scale Machine Learning'']. OSDI, pp. 265–283. * Agrawal, Akshay et al. 2019. [[arxiv:1903.01855|''TensorFlow Eager: A Multi-Stage, Python-Embedded DSL for Machine Learning'']]. SysML. * Baydin, Atilim Gunes; Pearlmutter, Barak A.; Radul, Alexey Andreyevich; Siskind, Jeffrey Mark. 2018. [https://jmlr.org/papers/v18/17-468.html ''Automatic Differentiation in Machine Learning: a Survey'']. ''Journal of Machine Learning Research'' 18(153), pp. 1–43. * Murray, Derek G.; Šimša, Jiří; Klimovic, Ana; Indyk, Ihor. 2021. [https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol14/p2945-klimovic.pdf ''tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework'']. ''Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment'' 14(12), pp. 2945–2958. == Nexus externi == {{communia|TensorFlow}} * [https://www.tensorflow.org/ Situs officialis] * [[github:tensorflow/tensorflow|Repositorium codicis]] * [https://www.tensorflow.org/guide Documenta et explicatio architecturae] * [https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python Interfacies Pythonis] * [https://keras.io/ Documenta Keras] * [https://developers.google.com/edge/litert Documenta LiteRT]<!-- Ante publicationem recognoscantur nomina paginarum et categoriarum in Vicipaedia Latina. Redactio nova est, non translatio verbum de verbo paginae Anglicae. --> [[Categoria:Libraria programmationis]] [[Categoria:Machina discens]] [[Categoria:Google]] [[Categoria:Artificialis intelligentia]] n13qem4z9ejwfd6m3urfb1tclaqxhc0 0 328352 3986837 3986797 2026-09-09T12:11:56Z IacobusAmor 1163 ??? 3986837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Latinitas|-6}} {{res|Bibliotheca}} in [[informatica]],est collectio praeconstuctorum{{dubsig}} [[codex|codicis]] et ]]instrumentum|instrumentorum]] quae [[programma computatrale|programmatores]] in [[applicatio]]nes suas integrare possunt, sine [[necessitas|necessitatibus]] ab initio componendi. Bibliothecae fundamentales sunt ad developmentum{{dubsig}} programmationis hodiernae, quod [[velocitas|velocitate]] developi{{dubsig}} et [[qualitas|qualitate]] codicum eminentiam praebet. Bibliotheca ex functionibus, classibus, modulis, et constantibus constat quae solutiones{{dubsig}} praebent ad [[problema]]ta communia. Haec instrumenta temporis developi{{dubsig}} diminuunt et errores minores faciunt per codicem iam probatum et optimizatum{{dubsig}} adhibendum. == Definitio et principia == Bibliotheca in informatica est coenobium functionalitatis praescriptae quam plurimi programmatores iterative adhibent. Unaquaeque bibliotheca finem specialem{{dubsig}} habet: * '''Abstractio''': Complexitates difficiles celat, interfaciam simpliciorem praebet * '''Reutilizatio''': Codex ab multis applicationibus adhibetur * '''Standardizatio''': Communis modus solutiones praebendi * '''Efficientia''': Codicem optimizatum et probatum continet == Genera bibliothecarum == === Bibliothecae generales === Bibliotheca quae multis applicationibus propria sunt: * '''C Standard Library''': Input/output, memoria, strings{{dubsig}} * '''Java Collections Framework''': Structurae datorum fundamentales * '''Python Standard Library''': Multae functiones utiles === Bibliothecae speciales === Bibliothecae destinatae ad fines particulares:{{dubsig}} '''Visio Computatrix''' * [[OpenCV]] (imagines processus) * [[Pillow]] (imagines manipulatio) * [[scikit-image]] (imagines analysus{{dubsig}}) '''Machina Discens''' * [[TensorFlow]] (retia neuralia) * [PyTorch]] (calculus tensorium) * [[scikit-learn]] (algorithmi discentes) * [[XGBoost]] '''Processus Linguae Naturalis''' * NLTK (textus analysus) * spaCy (NLP praepositiones) * Transformers (modeli lingua profunda) '''Mathematica et Numerica''' * NumPy (calculus numericus) * SciPy (algorithmae scientifici) * Matplotlib (visualizatio graphica) * Pandas (datae analysus) '''Retia Computatoria''' * Requests (HTTP clientem) * Django (applicationum retis) * Flask (microservicium retis) * Twisted (retia asynchrona) === Bibliothecae quae ad peculiares linguas pertinent === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Lingua ! Exempla bibliothecarum |- | Python | NumPy, Pandas, Requests, Django, Flask |- | Java | Apache Commons, Guava, JUnit, Spring Framework |- | C++ | Boost, STL, OpenGL, Qt |- | JavaScript | React, Vue.js, Angular, Node.js, Express |- | C# | .NET Framework, Entity Framework, Linq |- | Ruby | Rails, Sinatra, Bundler |- | Go | Gorilla, GORM, Gin |- | Rust | Serde, Tokio, Rayon |} == Architectura bibliothecarum == === Structura Componentium === Bibliotheca typice continet: '''Header Files (Capita)''' * Declarationes functionum * Definitiones typorum * Constantiae et macrones <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #ifndef BIBLIOTHECA_H #define BIBLIOTHECA_H typedef struct { int id; char nomen[50]; } Persona; int addPerson(Persona p); Persona getPerson(int id); #endif </syntaxhighlight> '''Source Files (Fontium Codex)''' * Implementationes functionum * Definitiones variabilium globalium <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #include "bibliotheca.h" int addPerson(Persona p) { // Implementatio return 0; } Persona getPerson(int id) { // Implementatio Persona p; return p; } </syntaxhighlight> '''Documentation (Documenta)''' * Specificationes API * Exempla usus * Instructiones installatione === Modus Compilationis === Bibliothecae compilantur ut: * '''Bibliothecae staticae''' (.a, .lib): Codex incorporatur in applicatione * '''Bibliothecae dynamicae''' (.so, .dll): Codex separatus et tempore exsequtionis vincitur * '''Bibliothecae interpretative''': Codicem interpretantur sine compilatione praevia == Exempla practici{{dubsig}} == === Exemplum 1: NumPy Numerica === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import numpy as np # Array creare a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) b = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10]) # Operationes vectoriales c = a + b # [3, 6, 9, 12, 15] d = a * b # [2, 8, 18, 32, 50] # Matrix operationes M = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) N = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]]) P = np.dot(M, N) # Matrix multiplicatio print(c) print(P) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum 2: Requests HTTP === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import requests # Request mittere response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data') # Status codicem inspicere if response.status_code == 200: data = response.json() print(data) else: print("Error:", response.status_code) # POST request payload = {'key': 'valorem'} response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/submit', json=payload) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum 3: Django Web Framework === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views import View class HelloView(View): def get(self, request): return HttpResponse("Salve, munde!") class PersonView(View): def post(self, request): nomen = request.POST.get('nomen') return HttpResponse(f"Nomen tuam est: {nomen}") </syntaxhighlight> == Gestio dependentiarum{{dubsig}} == Moderni programmatores instrumenta adhibent ad bibliothecas administrare: === Python === * '''pip''': Package Index Python * '''conda''': Environment et package management * '''poetry''': Dependentiarum resolutio Exemplum requirements.txt: <syntaxhighlight> numpy==1.21.0 pandas>=1.3.0 matplotlib~=3.4.2 requests>=2.26.0 </syntaxhighlight> === [[JavaScript]] === * '''npm''': Node Package Manager{{dubsig}} * '''yarn''': Package manager Facebooki{{dubsig}} * '''pnpm''': Package manager performantis{{dubsig}} Exemplum package.json: <syntaxhighlight lang="json"> { "name": "meus_projectus", "version": "1.0.0", "dependencies": { "react": "^18.0.0", "express": "^4.18.0", "axios": "^0.27.0" } } </syntaxhighlight> === Java === * '''Maven''': Build automation * '''Gradle''': Build system modernior Exemplum pom.xml: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.12.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </syntaxhighlight> == Beneficia bibliothecarum == * '''Velocitas Developi'''{{dubsig}}: Codex praeconstuctus tempus servat * '''Qualitas''': Codicem probatum et optimizatum * '''Reutilizatio''': Una bibliotheca multae applicationes * '''Manutenentia'''{{dubsig}}: Errata et securitas updatae centraliter * '''Compatibilitas''': Versionum signorum management * '''Standardizatio''': Communis interfaciae omnibus == Pericula bibliothecarum == * '''Dependentia{{dubsig}} Profunda''': Multae dependentiae{{dubsig}} inter se * '''Versio Conflictus'''{{dubsig}}: Incompatibilitas inter versiones * '''Securitas Vulnerabilitates''':{{dubsig}} Bibliotheca malorum codicum continere potest * '''Manutenentia{{dubsig}} Deficit''':{{dubsig}} Bibliothecae vetustae plus non actualizantur * '''Inflatio''': Multae bibliothecae [[memoria]] et velocitate consumunt == Bestiae{{dubsig}} practici == === Versionum numeri === Versiones typice sequuntur ''Semantic Versioning'': * MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH (e.g., 2.5.3) * MAJOR: Incompatibiles changi * MINOR: Functionalitas novae, compatibiles * PATCH: Bug fixes === Licentiae == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Licentia ! Descriptio ! Exempla |- | MIT | Permissiva, libertas maxima | React, Node.js, jQuery |- | Apache 2.0 | Permissiva cum patentem protegio | Android, Kubernetes |- | GPL | Copyleft, derivativa libera | Linux, WordPress |- | BSD | Permissiva, simplices conditiones | Django, NumPy |- | LGPL | Copyleft mittior | Qt, Gtk |} == Historia bibliothecarum == * '''1960s-1970s''': Bibliothecae primae ad matematica{{dubsig}} et input/output * '''1980s''': Bibliothecae graphicae et retialium * '''1990s''': Orientatio obiectorum, bibliothecae magnae * '''2000s''': Open source explosio,{{dubsig}} repositorium centrales (CPAN, PyPI) * '''2010s''': Machina discens, big data{{dubsig}} bibliotheca * '''2020s''': AI/ML dominatio, serverless{{dubsig}} computatio == Repositoria Centrales == === Python === * '''PyPI''' (Python Package Index): 300,000+ packagi * URL: https://pypi.org/ === JavaScript === * '''npm''': 1,000,000+ packagi * URL: https://www.npmjs.com/ === Java === * '''Maven Central''': 8,000,000+ artifacts * URL: https://mvnrepository.com/ === C++/C === * '''Vcpkg''': Package management C++ * '''Conan''': Dependency management === Rust === * '''Crates.io''': 100,000+ crates * URL: https://crates.io/ == Comparatio popularium bibliothecarum == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Dominium ! Bibliotheca 1 ! Bibliotheca 2 ! Bibliotheca 3 |- | Machina Discens | TensorFlow | PyTorch | scikit-learn |- | Web Backend | Django | Flask | FastAPI |- | Web Frontend | React | Vue.js | Angular |- | Datae Analysus | Pandas | Polars | DuckDB |- | Numerica | NumPy | JAX | CuPy |} == Optimization et Performance == Quum bibliotheca eligimus: * '''Velocitas''': CPU/GPU benchmark * '''Memoria''': Consumption mensurare * '''Dependentiae''': Minimae dependentiae praeferantur * '''Communitas''': Activa supportio et updates * '''Documentatio''': Exempla clara et tutorial == Nexus Externi == === Repositoria Principalia === * https://pypi.org/ (Python) * https://www.npmjs.com/ (JavaScript) * https://mvnrepository.com/ (Java) * https://crates.io/ (Rust) * https://packagist.org/ (PHP) === Instrumenta == * https://libraries.io/ (Dependency monitoring) * https://snyk.io/ (Securitas vulnerabilities) * https://dependabot.com/ (Automated updates) == Bibliotheca == * McDowell, Gayle Laakmann (2015). ''Cracking the Coding Interview''. CareerCup. * Martin, Robert C. (2008). ''Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship''. Prentice Hall. * Hunt, Andrew; Thomas, David (1999). ''The Pragmatic Programmer''. Addison-Wesley. [[Categoria:Bibliothecae informaticae| ]] [[Categoria:Programmatio]] [[Categoria:Ingenium programmationis]] [[Categoria:Instrumenta programmationis]] {{Myrias|Technologia}}M!--Revera?--> p8leeh29871pitufw7b67kldl5u3hbj 3986943 3986837 2026-09-09T18:19:42Z נתנאל שטרן 175178 3986943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} {{Latinitas}} {{res|Bibliotheca}} in [[informatica]] est collectio codicis et instrumentorum iam praeparatorum, quae [[programma computatrale|programmatores]] in programmata sua inserere possunt, ne omnia ab initio componere necesse sit. Bibliothecae magni momenti sunt in arte programmandi hodierna, quia progressionem programmatum accelerant atque qualitatem codicis augent. Bibliotheca e functionibus, classibus, modulis constantibusque constat, quibus problemata communia solvuntur. Usus codicis iam probati atque emendati tempus operae minuit et numerum errorum coercet. == Definitio et principia == Bibliotheca informatica est collectio functionum iam descriptarum, quibus multi programmatores iterum atque iterum uti possunt. Unaquaeque bibliotheca plerumque certum propositum habet: * '''Abstractio''': res interiores implicatas celat atque interfaciem simplicem praebet. * '''Iteratus usus''': idem codex in multis programmatibus adhiberi potest. * '''Conformatio''': communem rationem problemata solvendi praebet. * '''Efficientia''': codicem probatum atque saepe ad celeritatem emendatum continet. == Genera bibliothecarum == === Bibliothecae generales === Bibliothecae generales multis generibus programmatum inserviunt: * '''Bibliotheca ordinaria linguae C''': introitus et exitus, memoria, catenae characterum. * '''Java Collections Framework''': structurae fundamentales datorum. * '''Bibliotheca ordinaria Pythonis''': magna copia functionum communium. === Bibliothecae speciales === '''Visio computatralis''' * [[OpenCV]] — imagines tractat. * [[Pillow]] — imagines mutat. * [[scikit-image]] — imagines analysi subicit. '''Doctrina automatica''' * [[TensorFlow]] — retia neuronalia. * [[PyTorch]] — calculus tensorum. * [[scikit-learn]] — algorithmorum disciplina. * [[XGBoost]] — arbores decisionis gradatim amplificatae. '''Tractatio linguae naturalis''' * NLTK — analysis textuum. * spaCy — instrumenta ad linguam naturalem tractandam. * Transformers — exemplaria linguistica profunda. '''Mathematica et calculus numericus''' * NumPy — calculus numericus. * SciPy — algorithmi scientifici. * Matplotlib — diagrammata graphica. * Pandas — analysis datorum. '''Retia computatralia''' * Requests — cliens HTTP. * Django — compages programmatum interretialium. * Flask — compages levis interretialis. * Twisted — retia asynchrona. === Bibliothecae secundum linguam programmandi === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Lingua ! Exempla bibliothecarum |- | Python || NumPy, Pandas, Requests, Django, Flask |- | Java || Apache Commons, Guava, JUnit, Spring Framework |- | C++ || Boost, STL, OpenGL, Qt |- | JavaScript || React, Vue.js, Angular, Node.js, Express |- | C# || .NET Framework, Entity Framework, LINQ |- | Ruby || Rails, Sinatra, Bundler |- | Go || Gorilla, GORM, Gin |- | Rust || Serde, Tokio, Rayon |} == Architectura bibliothecarum == === Partes === Bibliotheca plerumque haec continet: '''Fasciculi capitum''' * declarationes functionum; * definitiones generum; * constantes et macroinstructiones. <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #ifndef BIBLIOTHECA_H #define BIBLIOTHECA_H typedef struct { int id; char nomen[50]; } Persona; int addPerson(Persona p); Persona getPerson(int id); #endif </syntaxhighlight> '''Fasciculi fontium''' * corpora functionum; * definitiones variabilium globalium. <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #include "bibliotheca.h" int addPerson(Persona p) { return 0; } Persona getPerson(int id) { Persona p; return p; } </syntaxhighlight> '''Documenta''' * specificationes API; * exempla usus; * praecepta institutionis. === Modi compilationis === * '''Bibliothecae staticae''' (<code>.a</code>, <code>.lib</code>): codex in ipsum programma inseritur. * '''Bibliothecae dynamicae''' (<code>.so</code>, <code>.dll</code>): codex separatim servatur et tempore exsecutionis cum programmate coniungitur. * '''Bibliothecae linguarum interpretatarum''': codex sine compilatione antecedente ab interprete exsequitur. == Exempla practica == === Exemplum I: NumPy === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import numpy as np a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) b = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10]) c = a + b d = a * b M = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) N = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]]) P = np.dot(M, N) print(c) print(P) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum II: Requests === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import requests response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data') if response.status_code == 200: data = response.json() print(data) else: print("Error:", response.status_code) payload = {'key': 'valor'} response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/submit', json=payload) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum III: Django === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views import View class HelloView(View): def get(self, request): return HttpResponse("Salve, munde!") class PersonView(View): def post(self, request): nomen = request.POST.get('nomen') return HttpResponse(f"Nomen tuum est: {nomen}") </syntaxhighlight> == Administratio dependentiarum == Programmatores hodierni instrumentis utuntur ad bibliothecas et earum dependentias administrandas. === Python === * '''pip''': fasciculos e Python Package Index instituit. * '''conda''': ambitus et fasciculos administrat. * '''Poetry''': dependentias definit atque componit. <syntaxhighlight> numpy==1.21.0 pandas>=1.3.0 matplotlib~=3.4.2 requests>=2.26.0 </syntaxhighlight> === [[JavaScript]] === * '''npm''': administrator fasciculorum Node.js. * '''Yarn''': administrator fasciculorum a Meta primum creatus. * '''pnpm''': administrator fasciculorum parcus et celer. === Java === * '''Maven''': compilationem atque dependentias administrat. * '''Gradle''': systema hodiernum ad programmata componenda. == Commoda bibliothecarum == * '''Celeritas progressionis''': codex iam paratus tempus servat. * '''Qualitas''': codex probatus et emendatus adhibetur. * '''Iteratus usus''': eadem bibliotheca multis programmatibus inservire potest. * '''Facilior sustentatio''': errores et vitia securitatis uno loco corrigi possunt. * '''Compatibilitas''': versiones rite definitae facilius inter se componuntur. * '''Conformatio''': interfaces communes usum faciliorem reddunt. == Incommoda et pericula == * '''Multiplices dependentiae''': una bibliotheca saepe multis aliis bibliothecis eget. * '''Conflictus versionum''': versiones diversae inter se repugnare possunt. * '''Vitia securitatis''': bibliotheca codicem vitiosum vel nocivum continere potest. * '''Sustentatio intermissa''': bibliothecae obsoletae non amplius renovantur. * '''Magnitudo nimia''': bibliothecae multae memoriam et facultatem computandi consumere possunt. == Consuetudines optimae == === Numeratio versionum === Versiones saepe normam ''Semantic Versioning'' sequuntur: * <code>MAIOR.MINOR.EMENDATIO</code>, exempli gratia <code>2.5.3</code>; * '''MAIOR''': mutationes cum versionibus prioribus incompatibiles; * '''MINOR''': novae facultates cum versionibus prioribus compatibiles; * '''EMENDATIO''': correctiones errorum. === Licentiae === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Licentia ! Descriptio ! Exempla |- | MIT || Permissiva; maximam libertatem usus praebet. || React, Node.js, jQuery |- | Apache 2.0 || Permissiva; etiam praesidia patentium continet. || Android, Kubernetes |- | GPL || Licentia ''copyleft''; opera derivata libera manere debent. || Linux, WordPress |- | BSD || Permissiva; paucas condiciones imponit. || Django, NumPy |- | LGPL || Forma mitior licentiae ''copyleft''. || Qt, GTK |} == Historia == * '''Annis 1960–1970''': primae bibliothecae mathematicae atque introitui et exitui destinatae sunt. * '''Annis 1980''': bibliothecae graphicae et retiales creverunt. * '''Annis 1990''': programmatio ad obiecta conversa et magnae bibliothecae increbruerunt. * '''Annis 2000''': programmata fontis aperti celeriter creverunt et repositoria centralia, sicut CPAN et PyPI, late adhibita sunt. * '''Annis 2010''': bibliothecae doctrinae automaticae et ingentium datorum floruerunt. * '''Annis 2020''': intellegentia artificialis, doctrina automatica et computatio sine ministris propriis latius adhibentur. == Repositoria centralia == * '''Python''': [https://pypi.org/ PyPI]. * '''JavaScript''': [https://www.npmjs.com/ npm]. * '''Java''': [https://central.sonatype.com/ Maven Central]. * '''C et C++''': Vcpkg et Conan. * '''Rust''': [https://crates.io/ Crates.io]. * '''PHP''': [https://packagist.org/ Packagist]. == De bibliotheca eligenda == Cum bibliotheca eligitur, haec considerari solent: * '''Celeritas''': facultas processorii centralis vel graphici rite metienda est. * '''Memoria''': memoria consumpta aestimanda est. * '''Dependentiae''': bibliothecae paucis dependentiis plerumque praeferuntur. * '''Communitas''': communitas actuosa sustentationem atque emendationes praebet. * '''Documenta''': explicationes et exempla clara usum faciliorem reddunt. == Nexus externi == * [https://libraries.io/ Libraries.io] — dependentiarum observatio. * [https://snyk.io/ Snyk] — vitiorum securitatis investigatio. * [https://github.com/dependabot Dependabot] — renovatio automatica dependentiarum. == Bibliographia == * McDowell, Gayle Laakmann (2015). ''Cracking the Coding Interview''. CareerCup. * Martin, Robert C. (2008). ''Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship''. Prentice Hall. * Hunt, Andrew; Thomas, David (1999). ''The Pragmatic Programmer''. Addison-Wesley. [[Categoria:Bibliothecae informaticae| ]] [[Categoria:Programmatio]] [[Categoria:Ingenium programmationis]] [[Categoria:Instrumenta programmationis]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} sx6ky55z7o64ckncllxf8nhdwxmie6h 3986973 3986943 2026-09-09T20:06:19Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Pagina polienda|Pagina polienda]]}}; minora 3986973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} {{Pagina polienda}} {{res|Bibliotheca}} in [[informatica]] est collectio praeceptorum computatralium et instrumentorum iam paratorum, quae programmatores in [[programma computatrale|programmata]] sua inserere possunt, ne omnia ab initio componere necesse sit. Bibliothecae magni momenti sunt in arte programmandi hodierna, quia progressionem programmatum accelerant atque qualitatem praeceptorum augent. Bibliotheca e functionibus, classibus, modulis constantibusque constat, quibus problemata communia solvuntur. Usus codicis iam probati atque emendati tempus operae minuit et numerum errorum coërcet. == Definitio et principia == Bibliotheca informatica est collectio functionum iam descriptarum, quibus multi programmatores iterum iterumque uti possunt. Unaquaeque bibliotheca plerumque certum propositum habet: * '''Abstractio''': res interiores implicatas celat atque interfaciem simplicem praebet. * '''Iteratus usus''': idem codex in multis programmatibus adhiberi potest. * '''Conformatio''': communem rationem problemata solvendi praebet. * '''Efficientia''': codicem probatum atque saepe ad celeritatem emendatum continet. == Genera bibliothecarum == === Bibliothecae generales === Bibliothecae generales multis generibus programmatum inserviunt: * '''Bibliotheca ordinaria linguae C''': introitus et exitus, memoria, catenae characterum. * '''Java Collections Framework''': structurae fundamentales datorum. * '''Bibliotheca ordinaria Pythonis''': magna copia functionum communium. === Bibliothecae speciales === '''Visio computatralis''' * [[OpenCV]] — imagines tractat. * [[Pillow]] — imagines mutat. * [[scikit-image]] — imagines analysi subicit. '''Doctrina automatica''' * [[TensorFlow]] — retia neuronalia. * [[PyTorch]] — calculus tensorum. * [[scikit-learn]] — algorithmorum disciplina. * [[XGBoost]] — arbores decisionis gradatim amplificatae. '''Tractatio linguae naturalis''' * NLTK — analysis textuum. * spaCy — instrumenta ad linguam naturalem tractandam. * Transformers — exemplaria linguistica profunda. '''Mathematica et calculus numericus''' * NumPy — calculus numericus. * SciPy — algorithmi scientifici. * Matplotlib — diagrammata graphica. * Pandas — analysis datorum. '''Retia computatralia''' * Requests — cliens HTTP. * Django — compages programmatum interretialium. * Flask — compages levis interretialis. * Twisted — retia asynchrona. === Bibliothecae secundum linguam programmandi === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Lingua ! Exempla bibliothecarum |- | Python || NumPy, Pandas, Requests, Django, Flask |- | Java || Apache Commons, Guava, JUnit, Spring Framework |- | C++ || Boost, STL, OpenGL, Qt |- | JavaScript || React, Vue.js, Angular, Node.js, Express |- | C# || .NET Framework, Entity Framework, LINQ |- | Ruby || Rails, Sinatra, Bundler |- | Go || Gorilla, GORM, Gin |- | Rust || Serde, Tokio, Rayon |} == Architectura bibliothecarum == === Partes === Bibliotheca plerumque haec continet: '''Fasciculi capitum''' * declarationes functionum; * definitiones generum; * constantes et macropraecepta. <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #ifndef BIBLIOTHECA_H #define BIBLIOTHECA_H typedef struct { int id; char nomen[50]; } Persona; int addPerson(Persona p); Persona getPerson(int id); #endif </syntaxhighlight> '''Fasciculi fontium''' * corpora functionum; * definitiones variabilium globalium. <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #include "bibliotheca.h" int addPerson(Persona p) { return 0; } Persona getPerson(int id) { Persona p; return p; } </syntaxhighlight> '''Documenta''' * specificationes API; * exempla usus; * praecepta institutionis. === Modi compilationis === * '''Bibliothecae staticae''' (<code>.a</code>, <code>.lib</code>): codex in ipsum programma inseritur. * '''Bibliothecae dynamicae''' (<code>.so</code>, <code>.dll</code>): codex separatim servatur et tempore exsecutionis cum programmate coniungitur. * '''Bibliothecae linguarum interpretatarum''': codex sine compilatione antecedente ab interprete exsequitur. == Exempla practica == === Exemplum I: NumPy === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import numpy as np a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) b = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10]) c = a + b d = a * b M = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) N = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]]) P = np.dot(M, N) print(c) print(P) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum II: Requests === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import requests response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data') if response.status_code == 200: data = response.json() print(data) else: print("Error:", response.status_code) payload = {'key': 'valor'} response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/submit', json=payload) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum III: Django === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views import View class HelloView(View): def get(self, request): return HttpResponse("Salve, munde!") class PersonView(View): def post(self, request): nomen = request.POST.get('nomen') return HttpResponse(f"Nomen tuum est: {nomen}") </syntaxhighlight> == Administratio dependentiarum == Programmatores hodierni instrumentis utuntur ad bibliothecas et earum dependentias administrandas. === Python === * '''pip''': fasciculos e Python Package Index instituit. * '''conda''': ambitus et fasciculos administrat. * '''Poetry''': dependentias definit atque componit. <syntaxhighlight> numpy==1.21.0 pandas>=1.3.0 matplotlib~=3.4.2 requests>=2.26.0 </syntaxhighlight> === [[JavaScript]] === * '''npm''': administrator fasciculorum Node.js. * '''Yarn''': administrator fasciculorum a Meta primum creatus. * '''pnpm''': administrator fasciculorum parcus et celer. === Java === * '''Maven''': compilationem atque dependentias administrat. * '''Gradle''': systema hodiernum ad programmata componenda. == Commoda bibliothecarum == * '''Celeritas progressionis''': codex iam paratus tempus servat. * '''Qualitas''': codex probatus et emendatus adhibetur. * '''Iteratus usus''': eadem bibliotheca multis programmatibus inservire potest. * '''Facilior sustentatio''': errores et vitia securitatis uno loco corrigi possunt. * '''Compatibilitas''': versiones rite definitae facilius inter se componuntur. * '''Conformatio''': interfaces communes usum faciliorem reddunt. == Incommoda et pericula == * '''Multiplices dependentiae''': una bibliotheca saepe multis aliis bibliothecis eget. * '''Conflictus versionum''': versiones diversae inter se repugnare possunt. * '''Vitia securitatis''': bibliotheca codicem vitiosum vel nocivum continere potest. * '''Sustentatio intermissa''': bibliothecae obsoletae non amplius renovantur. * '''Magnitudo nimia''': bibliothecae multae memoriam et facultatem computandi consumere possunt. == Consuetudines optimae == === Numeratio versionum === Versiones saepe normam ''Semantic Versioning'' sequuntur: * <code>MAIOR.MINOR.EMENDATIO</code>, exempli gratia <code>2.5.3</code>; * '''MAIOR''': mutationes cum versionibus prioribus incompatibiles; * '''MINOR''': novae facultates cum versionibus prioribus compatibiles; * '''EMENDATIO''': correctiones errorum. === Licentiae === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Licentia ! Descriptio ! Exempla |- | MIT || Permissiva; maximam libertatem usus praebet. || React, Node.js, jQuery |- | Apache 2.0 || Permissiva; etiam praesidia patentium continet. || Android, Kubernetes |- | GPL || Licentia ''copyleft''; opera derivata libera manere debent. || Linux, WordPress |- | BSD || Permissiva; paucas condiciones imponit. || Django, NumPy |- | LGPL || Forma mitior licentiae ''copyleft''. || Qt, GTK |} == Historia == * '''Annis 1960–1970''': primae bibliothecae mathematicae atque introitui et exitui destinatae sunt. * '''Annis 1980''': bibliothecae graphicae et retiales creverunt. * '''Annis 1990''': programmatio ad obiecta conversa et magnae bibliothecae increbruerunt. * '''Annis 2000''': programmata fontis aperti celeriter creverunt et repositoria centralia, sicut CPAN et PyPI, late adhibita sunt. * '''Annis 2010''': bibliothecae doctrinae automaticae et ingentium datorum floruerunt. * '''Annis 2020''': intellegentia artificialis, doctrina automatica et computatio sine ministris propriis latius adhibentur. == Repositoria centralia == * '''Python''': [https://pypi.org/ PyPI]. * '''JavaScript''': [https://www.npmjs.com/ npm]. * '''Java''': [https://central.sonatype.com/ Maven Central]. * '''C et C++''': Vcpkg et Conan. * '''Rust''': [https://crates.io/ Crates.io]. * '''PHP''': [https://packagist.org/ Packagist]. == De bibliotheca eligenda == Cum bibliotheca eligitur, haec considerari solent: * '''Celeritas''': facultas processorii centralis vel graphici rite metienda est. * '''Memoria''': memoria consumpta aestimanda est. * '''Dependentiae''': bibliothecae paucis dependentiis plerumque praeferuntur. * '''Communitas''': communitas actuosa sustentationem atque emendationes praebet. * '''Documenta''': explicationes et exempla clara usum faciliorem reddunt. == Nexus externi == * [https://libraries.io/ Libraries.io] — dependentiarum observatio. * [https://snyk.io/ Snyk] — vitiorum securitatis investigatio. * [https://github.com/dependabot Dependabot] — renovatio automatica dependentiarum. == Bibliographia == * McDowell, Gayle Laakmann (2015). ''Cracking the Coding Interview''. CareerCup. * Martin, Robert C. (2008). ''Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship''. Prentice Hall. * Hunt, Andrew; Thomas, David (1999). ''The Pragmatic Programmer''. Addison-Wesley. [[Categoria:Bibliothecae informaticae| ]] [[Categoria:Programmatio]] [[Categoria:Ingenium programmationis]] [[Categoria:Instrumenta programmationis]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} phdm2tfd6rqidclvetptsnegy44xjvu 3986979 3986973 2026-09-09T20:26:52Z Grufo 64423 +{{Pagina autotranslata}} 3986979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} {{Pagina polienda}} {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{res|Bibliotheca}} in [[informatica]] est collectio praeceptorum computatralium et instrumentorum iam paratorum, quae programmatores in [[programma computatrale|programmata]] sua inserere possunt, ne omnia ab initio componere necesse sit. Bibliothecae magni momenti sunt in arte programmandi hodierna, quia progressionem programmatum accelerant atque qualitatem praeceptorum augent. Bibliotheca e functionibus, classibus, modulis constantibusque constat, quibus problemata communia solvuntur. Usus codicis iam probati atque emendati tempus operae minuit et numerum errorum coërcet. == Definitio et principia == Bibliotheca informatica est collectio functionum iam descriptarum, quibus multi programmatores iterum iterumque uti possunt. Unaquaeque bibliotheca plerumque certum propositum habet: * '''Abstractio''': res interiores implicatas celat atque interfaciem simplicem praebet. * '''Iteratus usus''': idem codex in multis programmatibus adhiberi potest. * '''Conformatio''': communem rationem problemata solvendi praebet. * '''Efficientia''': codicem probatum atque saepe ad celeritatem emendatum continet. == Genera bibliothecarum == === Bibliothecae generales === Bibliothecae generales multis generibus programmatum inserviunt: * '''Bibliotheca ordinaria linguae C''': introitus et exitus, memoria, catenae characterum. * '''Java Collections Framework''': structurae fundamentales datorum. * '''Bibliotheca ordinaria Pythonis''': magna copia functionum communium. === Bibliothecae speciales === '''Visio computatralis''' * [[OpenCV]] — imagines tractat. * [[Pillow]] — imagines mutat. * [[scikit-image]] — imagines analysi subicit. '''Doctrina automatica''' * [[TensorFlow]] — retia neuronalia. * [[PyTorch]] — calculus tensorum. * [[scikit-learn]] — algorithmorum disciplina. * [[XGBoost]] — arbores decisionis gradatim amplificatae. '''Tractatio linguae naturalis''' * NLTK — analysis textuum. * spaCy — instrumenta ad linguam naturalem tractandam. * Transformers — exemplaria linguistica profunda. '''Mathematica et calculus numericus''' * NumPy — calculus numericus. * SciPy — algorithmi scientifici. * Matplotlib — diagrammata graphica. * Pandas — analysis datorum. '''Retia computatralia''' * Requests — cliens HTTP. * Django — compages programmatum interretialium. * Flask — compages levis interretialis. * Twisted — retia asynchrona. === Bibliothecae secundum linguam programmandi === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Lingua ! Exempla bibliothecarum |- | Python || NumPy, Pandas, Requests, Django, Flask |- | Java || Apache Commons, Guava, JUnit, Spring Framework |- | C++ || Boost, STL, OpenGL, Qt |- | JavaScript || React, Vue.js, Angular, Node.js, Express |- | C# || .NET Framework, Entity Framework, LINQ |- | Ruby || Rails, Sinatra, Bundler |- | Go || Gorilla, GORM, Gin |- | Rust || Serde, Tokio, Rayon |} == Architectura bibliothecarum == === Partes === Bibliotheca plerumque haec continet: '''Fasciculi capitum''' * declarationes functionum; * definitiones generum; * constantes et macropraecepta. <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #ifndef BIBLIOTHECA_H #define BIBLIOTHECA_H typedef struct { int id; char nomen[50]; } Persona; int addPerson(Persona p); Persona getPerson(int id); #endif </syntaxhighlight> '''Fasciculi fontium''' * corpora functionum; * definitiones variabilium globalium. <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #include "bibliotheca.h" int addPerson(Persona p) { return 0; } Persona getPerson(int id) { Persona p; return p; } </syntaxhighlight> '''Documenta''' * specificationes API; * exempla usus; * praecepta institutionis. === Modi compilationis === * '''Bibliothecae staticae''' (<code>.a</code>, <code>.lib</code>): codex in ipsum programma inseritur. * '''Bibliothecae dynamicae''' (<code>.so</code>, <code>.dll</code>): codex separatim servatur et tempore exsecutionis cum programmate coniungitur. * '''Bibliothecae linguarum interpretatarum''': codex sine compilatione antecedente ab interprete exsequitur. == Exempla practica == === Exemplum I: NumPy === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import numpy as np a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) b = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10]) c = a + b d = a * b M = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) N = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]]) P = np.dot(M, N) print(c) print(P) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum II: Requests === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import requests response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data') if response.status_code == 200: data = response.json() print(data) else: print("Error:", response.status_code) payload = {'key': 'valor'} response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/submit', json=payload) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum III: Django === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views import View class HelloView(View): def get(self, request): return HttpResponse("Salve, munde!") class PersonView(View): def post(self, request): nomen = request.POST.get('nomen') return HttpResponse(f"Nomen tuum est: {nomen}") </syntaxhighlight> == Administratio dependentiarum == Programmatores hodierni instrumentis utuntur ad bibliothecas et earum dependentias administrandas. === Python === * '''pip''': fasciculos e Python Package Index instituit. * '''conda''': ambitus et fasciculos administrat. * '''Poetry''': dependentias definit atque componit. <syntaxhighlight> numpy==1.21.0 pandas>=1.3.0 matplotlib~=3.4.2 requests>=2.26.0 </syntaxhighlight> === [[JavaScript]] === * '''npm''': administrator fasciculorum Node.js. * '''Yarn''': administrator fasciculorum a Meta primum creatus. * '''pnpm''': administrator fasciculorum parcus et celer. === Java === * '''Maven''': compilationem atque dependentias administrat. * '''Gradle''': systema hodiernum ad programmata componenda. == Commoda bibliothecarum == * '''Celeritas progressionis''': codex iam paratus tempus servat. * '''Qualitas''': codex probatus et emendatus adhibetur. * '''Iteratus usus''': eadem bibliotheca multis programmatibus inservire potest. * '''Facilior sustentatio''': errores et vitia securitatis uno loco corrigi possunt. * '''Compatibilitas''': versiones rite definitae facilius inter se componuntur. * '''Conformatio''': interfaces communes usum faciliorem reddunt. == Incommoda et pericula == * '''Multiplices dependentiae''': una bibliotheca saepe multis aliis bibliothecis eget. * '''Conflictus versionum''': versiones diversae inter se repugnare possunt. * '''Vitia securitatis''': bibliotheca codicem vitiosum vel nocivum continere potest. * '''Sustentatio intermissa''': bibliothecae obsoletae non amplius renovantur. * '''Magnitudo nimia''': bibliothecae multae memoriam et facultatem computandi consumere possunt. == Consuetudines optimae == === Numeratio versionum === Versiones saepe normam ''Semantic Versioning'' sequuntur: * <code>MAIOR.MINOR.EMENDATIO</code>, exempli gratia <code>2.5.3</code>; * '''MAIOR''': mutationes cum versionibus prioribus incompatibiles; * '''MINOR''': novae facultates cum versionibus prioribus compatibiles; * '''EMENDATIO''': correctiones errorum. === Licentiae === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Licentia ! Descriptio ! Exempla |- | MIT || Permissiva; maximam libertatem usus praebet. || React, Node.js, jQuery |- | Apache 2.0 || Permissiva; etiam praesidia patentium continet. || Android, Kubernetes |- | GPL || Licentia ''copyleft''; opera derivata libera manere debent. || Linux, WordPress |- | BSD || Permissiva; paucas condiciones imponit. || Django, NumPy |- | LGPL || Forma mitior licentiae ''copyleft''. || Qt, GTK |} == Historia == * '''Annis 1960–1970''': primae bibliothecae mathematicae atque introitui et exitui destinatae sunt. * '''Annis 1980''': bibliothecae graphicae et retiales creverunt. * '''Annis 1990''': programmatio ad obiecta conversa et magnae bibliothecae increbruerunt. * '''Annis 2000''': programmata fontis aperti celeriter creverunt et repositoria centralia, sicut CPAN et PyPI, late adhibita sunt. * '''Annis 2010''': bibliothecae doctrinae automaticae et ingentium datorum floruerunt. * '''Annis 2020''': intellegentia artificialis, doctrina automatica et computatio sine ministris propriis latius adhibentur. == Repositoria centralia == * '''Python''': [https://pypi.org/ PyPI]. * '''JavaScript''': [https://www.npmjs.com/ npm]. * '''Java''': [https://central.sonatype.com/ Maven Central]. * '''C et C++''': Vcpkg et Conan. * '''Rust''': [https://crates.io/ Crates.io]. * '''PHP''': [https://packagist.org/ Packagist]. == De bibliotheca eligenda == Cum bibliotheca eligitur, haec considerari solent: * '''Celeritas''': facultas processorii centralis vel graphici rite metienda est. * '''Memoria''': memoria consumpta aestimanda est. * '''Dependentiae''': bibliothecae paucis dependentiis plerumque praeferuntur. * '''Communitas''': communitas actuosa sustentationem atque emendationes praebet. * '''Documenta''': explicationes et exempla clara usum faciliorem reddunt. == Nexus externi == * [https://libraries.io/ Libraries.io] — dependentiarum observatio. * [https://snyk.io/ Snyk] — vitiorum securitatis investigatio. * [https://github.com/dependabot Dependabot] — renovatio automatica dependentiarum. == Bibliographia == * McDowell, Gayle Laakmann (2015). ''Cracking the Coding Interview''. CareerCup. * Martin, Robert C. (2008). ''Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship''. Prentice Hall. * Hunt, Andrew; Thomas, David (1999). ''The Pragmatic Programmer''. Addison-Wesley. [[Categoria:Bibliothecae informaticae| ]] [[Categoria:Programmatio]] [[Categoria:Ingenium programmationis]] [[Categoria:Instrumenta programmationis]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} mfrgt3p9to598dd9fxl2925yjkkln9n 0 328355 3986838 3986777 2026-09-09T12:16:19Z IacobusAmor 1163 ??? 3986838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Latinitas|-6}} '''Rosh HaAyin''' ('Caput Fontis'; [[Hebraice]] ראש העין) est [[civitas]] in [[Israele]], sita in parte centrali regni,{{dubsig}} in [[Mediridionalis Sharon|Mediridionali Sharon]]{{dubsig}} et in limite Montes{{dubsig}} Iudaeae. Civitas locata{{dubsig}} est approximatim{{dubsig}} XX{{dubsig}} chilometris{{dubsig}} ab [[Civitas Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] et ab [[Ierusalem]]. Rosh HaAyin est urbs moderna quae fundatus est anno MCMLXIX ex iniciativa constructiva Israelis. Hodie civitas censum habitatorum CCCM habet et est centrum industriale et commerciale significans in regione. == Etymologia == Nomen "Rosh HaAyin" derivatum est e lingua Hebraica, ubi "Rosh" significat "caput" et "HaAyin" significat "oculus" vel "fons". Interpretatio Latina est "Caput Fontis" vel "Fons Principalis", quod refertur ad aquam abundantem quae regionem circumdat. == Geographia == === Locatio === Rosh HaAyin sita est in: * '''Provincia''': Mediridionalis Sharon (Sharon Australis) * '''Districtus''': Districutsus Centralis * '''Latitudo''': 32.185°N * '''Longitudo''': 35.200°E * '''Altitudo''': 60-70 metra supra mare * '''Clima''': Mediterraneum, temperatum et humidum === Topographia === Urbs constructa est in planitiem levi inclinatus versus mare. Aquae abundantes de fontibus naturalibus fluunt, quae regionem ad agriculturam et industriam aptam reddunt. == Historia == === Fundatio et Initiis === * '''MCMLXIX''': Fundatio Rosh HaAyin incepta est ut civitas planificata * Gubernamentum Israelense et societates private cooperate sunt ut urbs moderna construatur * Finis erat habitat residentia et industriale centrum creare === Developmentum Moderni === * '''MCMLXX-MCMLXXX''': Constructio rapida, population crescens * '''MCMLXXX-MM''': Industrializatio accelerata, fabrica multiplicae * '''MM-MMXX''': Expansio urbana, centri commerciales, residentia luxuria * '''MMXX-Hodie''': Infrastructura moderna, technologia centrium == Populatio et Demographia == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Anno ! Populatio ! Crescentia |- | MCMLXIX | 3,000 | Initiis |- | MCMLXXX | 25,000 | Rapida |- | MM | 35,000 | Moderata |- | MMXVI | 39,000 | Lentior |- | MMXXVI | 30,000+ | Hodierna |} === Ethnicitas === Populatio Rosh HaAyin est: * '''Iudaei Ashkenazi''': 45% * '''Iudaei Sephardi''': 30% * '''Iudaei ex Afica''': 15% * '''Alii''': 10% === Religio === Civitas primarie Iudaica est, cum numerosis synagogis: * Synagoga Orthoxa Traditionalis * Synagoga Reconstructionist * Synagoga Reformata * Centra religiosa minora == Economica == === Industriae Principales === '''Industria Plastica et Petrochimica''' * Fabrica multiplicae ad materia plastica producenda * Chemicalium productio * Amballatorum manufacturae '''Technologia et Computatores''' * Centri industriales technologiae * Softwae firmae * Electronica '''Agricultura et Horticoltura''' * Agricoltura modernae technologiae * Frucuum cultivatio * Florarium et seminium '''Commercium et Servicium''' * Centri commerciales * Hospitalitas et turisma * Servicii financiales === Firmae Celebres === Multae societates Israelenses maior sunt locationem in Rosh HaAyin: * Industria Plastica Israelis * Technologiae Companiae * Agriculturae Exportationes == Infrastructura == === Transportatio === * '''Viae Principales''': - Route 40 (Nord-Sud) - Route 65 (Est-Vest) - Route 5 (Autostrada Tel Aviv-Haifa) * '''Publica Transportatio''': - Autobus servicium municipale - Connexio ad Tel Aviv et Ierusalem - Planificatio ferroviae futuri === Utilitas === * '''Aquam''': Systemae moderna distributa ex fontes et deposita * '''Electricitas''': Conexio ad rete nazionale * '''Gas Naturalis''': Distributa ad residentia et industria * '''Communicatio''': Banda lata, 5G networks == Institutiones et Servicii == === Educatio === * '''Scholae Primaria''': 8 scholae * '''Scholae Secundaria''': 4 scholae * '''Instituta Technologiae''': Centri professionalis * '''Bibliothecam Publicam''': Bibliotheca Civica Centralis === Medicina === * '''Hospital Principale''': Shamir Medical Center (anteriormente Assaf Harofeh) * '''Clinica Ambulatoria''': Centri medici multiplicae * '''Pharmaciae''': Distributio medicamentorum === Cultura === * '''Theater Civicus''': Performances dramaticas * '''Musaeum Locale''': Historia et cultura * '''Parci Publici''': Parci recreatione * '''Clubes Culturales''': Musica, dansa, arte === Recreatio === * '''Parci Verdes''': - Parci Centrale (Gan Merkazit) - Parci Aquaticus - Parci Sportive * '''Installationes Athleticae''': - Stadion municipale - Piscinaam - Curtes tennis et badminton - Palestra modernae == Communitas == === Populatio Specialis === Rosh HaAyin est notum pro: * '''Communita Atypica''': Residentia communitas (Beit Amit et similes) pro adultes cum necessitatibus specialibus * '''Supporto Sociali''': Servicii comprehensivi ad vulnerabiles populationes * '''Programma Inclusio''': Integratione persone disabilitate in communitate === Organizationes Non-Profitales === * Servicii sociale municipales * Organizationes iuvenilis * Programma medica * Supporto legale == Cultura et Eventus == === Eventus Annuales === * '''Festival Urbis''': Celebratio anniversarium fundationis * '''Festival Musicae''': Concertus et performances * '''Marcha Memoria''': Commemoratio historica * '''Festivales Religioses''': Pesach, Shavuot, Sukkot, Chanukah === Arte et Cultura === * Galleria arte locale * Centri culturales * Clubes litteraturae * Performationes traditionales == Comparatio cum Urbes Similares == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Urbs ! Regio ! Populatio ! Fundatio ! Industria Principalis |- | Rosh HaAyin | Israele | 30,000+ | MCMLXIX | Plastica, Technologia |- | Petach Tikva | Israele | 230,000 | MDCCCLXXXII | Agricultura, Industria |- | Netanya | Israele | 185,000 | MDCCCCV | Diamantes, Turisma |- | Rehovot | Israele | 130,000 | MDCCCCVI | Scientia, Agricultura |- | Ashdod | Israele | 225,000 | MCMLVI | Portus, Industria |} == Transitus et Connexiones == === Distantiae === * Ad Tel Aviv: XX chilometri (XXX minuta auto) * Ad Ierusalem: LX chilometri (I hora, LX minuta auto) * Ad Haifa: C chilometri (I hora, XXX minuta auto) * Ad Eilat: CCXL chilometri (III horae auto) * Ad Mare Mortuum: CXX chilometri === Accessus Internationale === * '''Aeroportus Internationale Ben Gurion''': XXX chilometri * '''Portus Tel Aviv''': XX chilometri * '''Portus Ashdod''': LX chilometri == Nexus Externi == === Officiales === * https://www.rosh-haayin.muni.il/ (Situm Municipale) * https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168202 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosh_HaAyin === Informatio Turistica === * Informatio turistica Israelis * Guida urbana * Accommodationes et Hotelis === Servicii === * Servicii municipales * Registratione residentia * Applicationes civicas == Bibliotheca == * Schama, Simon (1993). ''Landscape and Memory''. Alfred A. Knopf. * Kellerman, Aharon (1993). ''Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century''. SUNY Press. * Trebuil, Guy; Gould, William T.S. (2002). ''Urbanization and the Development of Third World''. Routledge. * Falah, Ghazi-Walid (2005). ''Living Together Apart: Arabs and Jews in Contemporary Jerusalem''. Princeton University Press. [[Categoria:Civitates Israelis]] [[Categoria:Sharon]] [[Categoria:Urbis Modernae]] [[Categoria:Industriae Centrorum]] [[Categoria:Districtus Centralis Israelis]] [[Categoria:Civitates Fundatum XX Saeculo]] == Nexus Internae == * [[Israele]] * [[Tel Aviv]] * [[Ierusalem]] * [[Petach Tikva]] * [[Industria Israelis]] * [[Geographia Israelis]] * [[Populationes Israelensies]] 68lidgt81m6w90lvjn7tfewbap19k4l 0 328371 3986841 3986830 2026-09-09T12:20:59Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3986841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} [[Fasciculus:Schrodinger cat in box.jpg|thumb|[[Fetus]]{{dubsig}} [[Ervinus Schrödinger|Ervini Schrödinger]] de [[mechanica quantica]], exemplum experimenti mentalis.]] {{res|Experimentum mentale}} est [[experimentum]] vel [[scenarium]] imagirarium{{dubsig}} [[mens|mente]] vel [[cognitio]]ne, non [[laboratorium|laboratorio]], effectum ad [[theoria]]m novam explicandam. Etiam abstracta [[hypothesis]] esse potest quae nostras [[institutio]]nes de [[moralitas|moralitate]] et [[philosophia]] explorat.<ref>[https://journals.publishing.umich.edu/phimp/article/id/2109/ Philosophers on philosophy: The 2020 PhilPaper Survey].</ref> Origo experimenti mentalis putatur [[demonstratio mathematica]] temporis [[Graecia antiqua|Graeciae antiquae]], saepe verbo δεικνυμι indicata. In [[philosophia scientiae]], [[Ioannes Christianus Ørsted]] primum notionem experimenti mentalis verbo [[Theodisce|Theodisco]] ''Gedenkenexperiment'' anno [[1812]] indicavit.{{dubsig}}<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/thought-experiment/ Thought Experiments] ([[Universitas Stanfordiensis|Universitatis Stanfordiensis]] archivum philosophicum).</ref> [[Ernestus Mach]] de hac notione cogitavit. == Exempla experimentorum mentalium == * [[Asinus Buridani]] * [[Conclave Mariae]] * [[Daemon Laplaceanus]] * [[Daemon Maxwellianus]] de [[altera lex thermodynamica|altera lege thermodynamica]] * [[Theorema simiarum infinitarum]] * [[Thesea navis]] * [[Terra Gemina]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Paradoxum]] [[Categoria:Epistemologia]] [[Categoria:Metaphysica]] [[Categoria:Experimenta mentalia| ]] [[Categoria:Philosophia scientiae]] n6cckm0q9x2s4eocxz7ak5l6odz1pk1 0 328372 3986847 3986799 2026-09-09T12:30:05Z IacobusAmor 1163 Vicificanda &c. 3986847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Latinitas|-6}} {{videdis|Mediridionalis Sharon}} '''Mediridionalis{{dubsig}} Sharon''' ('Sharon{{dubsig}} Australis'; [[Hebraice]] שרון דרומי ''Sharon Australis'') est [[regio]] [[geographica]] in [[Israele]], sita in [[media|parte media]] [[occidentalis|occidentalis]] [[regnum|regni]]. [[Regio]] limitatur ab [[aquilonalis|aquilone]] cum [[Septentrionalis Sharon|Sharon Septentrionali]], ab [[meridies|meridie]] cum [[Planitiem Philistaeorum|planitie Philistaeorum]], ab [[orientalis|oriente]] cum [[Montes Iudaeae|Montibus Iudaeae]], et ab [[occidentalis|occidente]] cum [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mari Mediterraneo]]. [[Mediridionalis Sharon]] est [[regio]] [[agriculturalis|agriculturalis]] et [[industrialis|industrialis]] in [[historia|historia]] [[longa|longa]] [[Israele|Israelis]], cum [[civitates|civitates]] [[modernus|modernae]], [[kibbutzim]], et [[communitas|communitates]] [[agriculturalis|agricoles]]. == Etymologia et Nomen == Nomen '''Sharon''' derivatum est ex [[lingua]] [[Hebraica]], cum radix '''ש-ר-ן''' significat "[[planitiem|planitiem]]" vel "[[locus]] [[fertilis|fertilis]]". [[Mediridionalis|Australis]] distinguit hanc [[regio|regionem]] ab [[Septentrionalis Sharon|Sharon Septentrionali]]. [[Antiquitas|Antiquitates]] [[Romanus|Romane]] vocabant regionem '''Sarona''' vel '''Saron''', [[referentia]] ad [[planitiem]] [[magnificus|magnificam]] et [[abundantia|abundantem]] [[aquae|aquam]]. == Geographia et Topographia == === Locatio{{dubsig}} Geographica === * '''[[Latitudo]]''': 31.8°-32.1° [[Septentrionalis|N]] * '''[[Longitudo]]''': 34.8°-35.2° [[Orientalis|E]] * '''[[Superficie]]''': Circa DCCCspatie [[chilometrus|chilometri]] [[quadratus|quadrati]] * '''[[Altitudo]]''': X-C [[metrum|metra]] supra [[mare]] === Limites Geographici === * '''[[Aquilonalis|Aquilone]]''': [[Septentrionalis Sharon|Sharon Septentrionalis]], [[Montes Carmel|Mons Carmel]] * '''[[Meridionalis|Meridie]]''': [[Planitiem Philistaeorum|Planitie Philistaeorum]], [[Lod]], [[Ramla]] * '''[[Orientalis|Oriente]]''': [[Montes Iudaeae|Montes Iudaeae]], [[Latrun]], [[Modiin]] * '''[[Occidentalis|Occidente]]''': [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mare Mediterraneum]], [[Netanya]], [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]] === Topographia === [[Mediridionalis Sharon]] est [[regio]] principaliter [[planitiem|planities]], cum: * '''[[Planitiem|Planitie]] [[principale]]''': Altitudo C-CL [[metrum|metra]] * '''[[Colles]] [[leves|leves]]''': In [[orientalis|parte orientali]] * '''[[Vales]] [[fertiles]]''': Inter [[civitates|civitates]] * '''[[Flumina]] [[principalia]]''': [[Nahr al-Awja|Flumen Alexander]], [[Nahr Rubin|Flumen Rubin]] * '''[[Aquae]] [[groundwater|subterranea]]''': [[aquiferi|Aquiferi]] [[abundantes]] == Clima == === Characteristica{{dubsig}} == * '''[[Typus climatis]]''': [[Clima Mediterraneum|Mediterraneum]] * '''[[Temperatura]]''': [[XVIII]]°C-[[XXVI]]°C annua media * '''[[Pluviae]]''': D-D chilometri cubici annuales * '''[[Humiditas]]''': [[Alta|Alta]] proximae [[mari]] * '''[[Ventus]]''': [[Ventus occidentalis|Ventus occidentalis]] ab [[mare]] * '''[[Soles]]''': CCL-CCLXX dies annuales == Historia == === Antiquitas Praehistorica === * '''[[Palaeolithicum|Eras Palaeolithi]]''': [[Habitationes]] [[primitives|primitives]] humanae * '''[[Neolithicum]]''': [[Primae]] [[agricolturae]] [[villaggia]] * '''[[Chalcolithicum]]''': [[Metallurgia]] [[incipientis]] === Antiquitas Historica === ==== Periodus Phoenicia ==== * '''[[Phoenicii]]''' habitabant [[costam|costam]] et [[commercium]] faciebant * [[Sidon]] et [[Tyre]] [[influence|influentia]] in [[regione]] * [[Portus]] [[antiquus|antiqui]] ad [[fines]] [[occidentales]] ==== Periodus Hebraica Antica ==== * [[Regno Israelis|Regnum Israelis]] extensus ad [[regionem]] * [[civitates]] [[Israelitae|Israelitae]] ut [[Gath-rimmon]], [[Aphek]], [[Joppe|Joppa]] * [[Agricultura]] [[cereales|cerealium]] et [[olivae]] [[principales]] ==== Periodus Philistinorum ==== * [[Pentapolis Philistaeorum|Pentapolis Philistineorum]]: [[Gaza]], [[Ashkelon]], [[Ashdod]], [[Gath]], [[Ekron]] * [[Conflictus]] continui cum [[Israel|Israelitis]] * [[Commercium]] [[Philistaeorum|Philistinorum]] cum [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]] et [[civilizationes|civilizationibus]] [[orientalis|orientalibus]] ==== Periodus Persicus et Hellenicus ==== * '''[[Imperium Persicum]]''' - [[administratio]] [[gubernatorum|gubernatorum]] * '''[[Hellenismus]]''' - [[influentia]] [[Graecia|Graeca]] post [[Alexandrum Magnum]] * [[Civitates]] [[Hellenistica|Hellenisticae]] ut [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]] et [[Antipatris]] ==== Periodus Romanicus ==== * '''[[Res Romana]]''' - [[provincia]] [[Syria Palaestina|Syriae Palaestinae]] * [[Via Maris]] - [[strata]] [[maxima|maxima]] [[commercium|commercii]] * [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]] - [[caput]] [[provinciale]] * '''[[Herodes Magnus]]''' - [[constructio]] [[portus]] et [[civitatis]] * [[Aqueductus Romanus|Aqueductus]] [[magnifici|magnifici]] * [[Theatrum Romanum|Theatrum]] et [[amphitheatrum|amphitheatrum]] * '''[[Revolta Iudaica]]''' - [[conflictus]] cum [[Romani|Romanis]] ==== Periodus Byzantinus ==== * '''[[Christianitas]]''' - [[monasterium|monasteria]] et [[basilicae]] * [[Caesarea]] - [[centum]] [[ecclesiae]] * [[agricoltura]] et [[commercium]] florens ==== Periodus Islamicus Medius ==== * '''[[Califatus]]''' - [[dominatio]] [[Arabica|Arabica]] * [[agricoltura|Agricoltura]] [[olive|olivarum]] et [[grana]] * '''[[Crusades]]''' - [[periodus]] [[bellum|belli]] et [[tumultu]] * [[Fortificationes]] et [[castella]] ==== Periodus Ottomanicus ==== * '''[[Imperium Ottomanicum]]''' - [[dominatio]] [[longae|longae]] * [[agricoltura]] [[stagnans|stagnans]] * [[populatio]] [[decrescens]] * [[villaggia]] [[Arabica|Arabica]] et [[nomada]] [[pastoralis]] === Historia Moderna === ==== XIX Saeculum - Immigratio Iudaica ==== * '''[[XIX Saeculum]]''' - [[immigrantes]] [[Iudaei]] ab [[Europa]] * [[MDCCCLXXVIII]] - [[primus]] [[kibbutzus]] - [[Kibbutz Petach Tikva|Petach Tikva]] * [[coloniae]] [[agricolae|agricolae]] multiplicae * [[Theodor Herzl]] - [[visionarius]] [[sionismus|sionismi]] ==== XX Saeculum - Statum Israelis ==== * '''[[MCMXLVIII]]''' - [[Declaratio Independentiae Israelis|Declaratio Independentiae]] * [[Bellum Independentiae Israelis|Bellum Independentiae]] * [[Bellum Mundi Secundum|Bellum Mundi Secundum]] - [[effectus]] in [[regione]] * '''[[MCMLXVIII]]''' - [[Bellum Sextae Diei]] * [[Pax Israelis|Pax]] - [[processus]] [[pacem|pacis]] ==== XXI Saeculum ==== * '''[[MM]]''' - [[Retirata Gaza|Retirata ab Gaza]] * [[Developmentum]] [[urbanus|urbanus]] [[acceleratus]] * [[Technologia]] [[crescens]] * [[Turisma]] [[expansio]] == Civitates et Stationes == === Civitates Principales === ==== Rosh HaAyin ==== * '''[[Fundatio]]''': [[MCMLXIX]] * '''[[Populatio]]''': XXX milia * '''[[Industria]]''': [[Plastica]], [[petrochimica]], [[technologia]] * [[Shamir Medical Center|Hospital Shamir]] * [[Beit Amit]] - [[communitas]] [[residentia]] ==== Petach Tikva ==== * '''[[Fundatio]]''': [[MDCCCLXXXII]] * '''[[Populatio]]''': CCXXX milia * '''[[Cognomen]]''': "Mater Coloniarum" * '''[[Industria]]''': [[florarium|Florae]], [[fructus]], [[horticoltura]] * [[Historia]] [[primus|primae]] [[immigratio|immigrationis]] * [[Musaeum]] [[historia|historiae]] ==== Netanya ==== * '''[[Fundatio]]''': [[MCMXXIX]] * '''[[Populatio]]''': CLXXXV milia * '''[[Turismus]]''': [[playa|Playas]], [[resort]] * '''[[Industria]]''': [[diamantes]], [[turisma]] * [[Portus]] [[mercatus]] * [[Theatrum]] [[civicum]] ==== Lod ==== * '''[[Antiquitas]]''': [[Iudaica]] [[antiqua]] * '''[[Fundatio moderni]]''': [[XVIIIum saeculum]] * '''[[Populatio]]''': LXXX milia * '''[[Functio]]''': [[urbis]] [[commercium|commercii]] * [[Aeroportus Ben Gurion|Aeroportus Internationale]] * [[Statio ferroviaria|Statio ferroviae]] ==== Ramla ==== * '''[[Fundatio]]''': [[Saeculum VIII]] * '''[[Historia]]''': [[Califatus|Califatus Umayyad]] * '''[[Populatio]]''': CXXV milia * '''[[Industria]]''': [[agricoltura]], [[commercium]] * [[Torre Rossa]] - [[monument]] ==== Rehovot ==== * '''[[Fundatio]]''': [[MDCCCCVI]] * '''[[Populatio]]''': CXXX milia * '''[[Instituta]]''': [[Scientia]] et [[investigatio]] * [[Institutum Weizmann|Institutum Weizmann de Scientia]] * '''[[Agricultura]]''': [[investigatio]] [[botanica]] ==== Caesarea Maritima ==== * '''[[Antiquitas]]''': [[Herodis Magnus|Herodes Magnus]] - [[constructio|constructio]] * '''[[Historia]]''': [[Romanicum]], [[Byzantinum]], [[Islamicum]] * '''[[Archaeologia]]''': [[ruinae]] [[magnificae]] * '''[[Turisma]]''': [[locum|Locus]] [[archaeology|archaeologicus]] * [[Amphitheatrum Romanum|Amphitheatrum]] * [[Templum Promontoriumi|Templum]] ==== Aliasae Civitates ==== * [[Kfar Saba]] - [[residentia]] [[urbana]] * [[Ra'anana]] - [[civitas]] [[technologia|technologiae]] * [[Herzliya]] - [[resort]] [[maritimus]] * [[Bnei Brak]] - [[communitas]] [[religiosa]] * [[Giv'atayim]] - [[suburb]] [[Tel Aviv]] * [[Ramat Hasharon]] - [[civitas]] [[luxuria]] * [[Kibbutz Beit Hashita]] - [[collectivitas]] [[agricola]] * [[Kibbutz Gan Shmuel]] - [[economica]] [[agricola]] === Villaggia et Stationes Minores === * [[Kibbutzim]] - LXXX+ * [[Moshavim]] - CXXX+ * [[Communitates]] [[Arabicae]] * [[Nomada]] [[villaggia]] - traditionales == Geomorphologia et Natura == === Hydrologia === * '''[[Flumina]] [[principales]]''': - [[Nahr al-Awja]] ([[Flumen Alexander]]) - [[Nahr Rubin]] ([[Flumen Rubin]]) - [[Nahr Lachish]] - [[Wadi]] multiplicae * '''[[Aquiferi]]''' - [[Aquifer Sharon]] - [[Aquifer Yarkon]] - Fonte [[aquae]] - [[fontium]] [[abundantes]] * '''[[Paludies]] et [[lacus]]''' - [[Palus Caesareae]] - [[Hula]] ([[paludium]] [[drainatione|drenagium]]) === Flora === * '''[[Vegetatio]] [[principale]]''' - [[Pinus|Pini]] [[plantatio]] - [[Quercus]] [[silva]] - [[Citrus]] [[arbores]] - [[Olivae]] [[silvae]] - [[Palma]] [[dates]] * '''[[Plantae]] [[endemicae]]''' - [[Iridacae]] - [[Orchideae]] [[Mediterranea]] - [[Herba]] [[aromatica]] === Fauna === * '''[[Animalia]] [[selvagia]]''' - [[Leo]] - [[extinctus|extinctum]] - [[Lyncis]] [[Syriacus]] - [[rara]] - [[Cervus]] - [[reintroductio]] - [[Canis aureus]] - [[Hyaena]] * '''[[Aves]]''' - [[Aquila]] - [[Falco]] - [[Strix]] [[nocturna]] - [[Migratio aviaria]] * '''[[Marini animalia]]''' - [[Pisces]] [[Mediterranei]] - [[Testudinata marina|Chelones marinae]] - [[Delphin]] === Agricultura === ==== Historica ==== * '''[[Antiquitas]]''' - [[cereales]] et [[olive]] * '''[[XIX Saeculum]]''' - [[immigrantes]] - innovatio agricola * '''[[XX Saeculum]]''' - [[technologia]] [[agraria]] * '''[[XXI Saeculum]]''' - [[agricultura]] [[sustinente]] ==== Moderni ==== * '''[[Producta principale]]''': - [[Citrus]] - [[oranges|Oranges]], [[limones]], [[grapefruit]] - [[Olive]] - [[olea]], [[conserve]] - [[Florarii]] - [[floresce|Florescentiae]], [[exportatio]] - [[Avocados]] - [[Pomegranate]] - [[granatum]] - [[Vegetabilia]] - [[tomatoes|Tomatae]], [[cucumber|Cucumeres]], [[lettuce]] * '''[[Technologiae]] [[modernus|modernes]]''': - [[Irrigatio]] [[drip|guttae]] - [[aquae]] [[servatio]] - [[Greenhouse]] - [[agricultura]] [[intensiva]] - [[Genetica]] [[plantae|plantarum]] - [[seminium]] - [[Biologica]] [[pestis]] - [[control|controlus]] * '''[[Exportatio]]''': - Fructus [[mundialis|mundiales]] - [[mercatus]] - [[Florescentiae]] - [[Amsterdam]], [[New York]] - [[Agriculturae producta]] - [[Europa]], [[America]] === Industria Manufacturae === * '''[[Plastica]]''' - [[Fabrica]] - [[Rosh HaAyin]], [[Lod]] - [[Amballatio|Amballationes]] - [[Exportatio]] [[mundiales]] * '''[[Petrochimica]]''' - [[Chemicalium]] [[fabricatio]] - [[Refineria]] - [[Polymeri|Polymeri]] * '''[[Electronica]]''' - [[Computatores]] - [[partes|Componentium]] - [[Semiconductores]] - [[Telecommunicatio]] * '''[[Textilia]]''' - [[Stofae]] [[manufacturae]] - [[Vestimenta]] [[fabrica]] * '''[[Alimenta]] - [[Industria Alimentaria|Elaboratio]]''' - [[Conservatio]] [[fructus|fructuum]] - [[Iuices|Succi]] - [[productio]] - [[Oleum|Olea]] - [[productio|elaboratio]] - [[Panis]] et [[ceralia]] === Technologia === * '''[[Centri]] [[technologia|technologiae]]''' - [[Ra'anana]] - [[software]] [[centru|centrum]] - [[Petach Tikva]] - [[startup]] [[hub]] - [[Herzliya]] - [[innovatio]] [[technica]] - [[Rehovot]] - [[investigatio]] [[scientifica]] * '''[[Industria]] [[Informatica]]''' - [[Softaware]] [[compania|companiae]] - [[Cybersecurity|Securitas computatoria]] - [[Artificial Intelligence|Intelligentia artificialis]] - [[Big Data]] - [[analysus]] * '''[[Biotechnologia]]''' - [[Pharmaceutica|Medicamenta]] - [[developmentum]] - [[Genetica]] - [[investigatio]] - [[Medica]] [[technologia]] === Commercium et Servicii{{dubsig}} === * '''[[Centri commerciales]]''' - [[Malls]] - [[shopping]] [[centri]] - [[Petach Tikva]] - [[mercatus]] [[florae]] - [[Netanya]] - [[mercatus]] [[diamantum]] * '''[[Turisma]]''' - [[Hoteli]] - [[hospitem|hospicium]] - [[Resort]] - [[Netanya]], [[Caesarea]] - [[Restaurationes]] - [[culinaria]] - [[Recreation]] [[centri]] * '''[[Servicii]] [[financiales]]''' - [[Banki]] - [[filiales]] - [[Assecuratio]] - [[Societates]] - [[investimentum]] * '''[[Transportatio]]''' - [[Logistica|Logistica]] - [[centri]] - [[Distributio]] [[centri]] - [[Ware|Warehouses]] - [[repositoria]] === Energiae === * '''[[Electricitas]]''' - [[Factoria]] [[electricitas|electricitatis]] - [[fuel|Combustibilia]] - [[Solar|Energia solaris]] - [[paneles]] - [[Wind|Energia ventus]] - [[turbinae]] * '''[[Aqua]]''' - [[Desalinatio]] - [[plantae]] - [[Aquae]] - [[purificatio]] - [[Aquiferi]] - [[exploitatio]] * '''[[Gas Naturalis]]''' - [[Distributio]] - [[Inflammabilia]] - [[Calefactio]] == Infrastructura == === Viae et Transportatio === ==== Stradae Principale ==== * '''[[Route 2|Autostrada Route 2]]''' - [[Haifa]] ad [[Tel Aviv]] * '''[[Route 5|Autostrada Route 5]]''' - [[Tel Aviv]] ad [[Haifa]] * '''[[Route 40|Route 40]]''' - Nord-Sud [[connexio]] * '''[[Route 65|Route 65]]''' - Est-Vest [[connexio]] * '''[[Route 6|Route 6]]''' - [[Autostrada]] [[private]] * '''[[Route 1|Route 1]]''' - [[Jerusalem]] ad [[Tel Aviv]] ==== Ferroviae ==== * '''[[Ferroviaria Israelis]]''' - [[Statio]] [[centrale]] - [[Tel Aviv]] - [[Lod]] - [[connexio]] ad [[aeroportum]] - [[Linia]] [[centrale]] - [[Rishon LeZion]] - [[Planificatio]] [[novas|novarum]] [[liniae]] ==== Aeroportus ==== * '''[[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]]''' - [[XXX]] [[chilometri]] [[meridie]] - [[Aeroportus]] [[principale]] [[Israelis]] - [[Terminalus]] [[internationale]] ==== Portus ==== * '''[[Portus Tel Aviv]]''' - [[XX]] [[chilometri]] [[occidente]] - [[Mercatus]] [[maritime]] - [[Turisma]] [[maritime]] * '''[[Portus Caesarea]]''' - [[Anticus]] [[portus]] [[Romanus]] - [[Marina]] [[moderna]] === Utilitas === ==== Aqua ==== * '''[[Systemae]] [[aquae]]''' - [[Aquae]] - [[distributio]] [[reticula]] - [[Desalinatio]] - [[plantae]] [[moderne]] - [[Tratamento]] - [[purificatio]] - [[Riciclatio]] [[aquae]] - [[greywater]] ==== Electricitas ==== * '''[[Distribuzione]] [[electricitas]]''' - [[Compagnia]] [[electricitas|electricitatis]] - [[Israel Electric Company]] - [[Rete]] - [[alta tensio]] - [[Substationes]] - [[Energia]] [[rinnovabile]] ==== Communicationes ==== * '''[[Telephonia]]''' - [[Mobilia]] [[reti]] - [[Internet]] - [[Broadband]] - [[banda lata]] - [[5G]] - [[networks]] * '''[[Radiodiffusio]]''' - [[Stazione radiofonica|Stazioni radiose]] - [[Televisio]] - [[canales]] ==== Gaso Naturalis ==== * '''[[Distributio]] [[gaso naturalis]]''' - [[Pipeline]] - [[transportatio]] - [[Furnace]] - [[distributio]] == Educatio == === Universita et Instituta Superiora === * '''[[Universitatum]]''' - [[Tel Aviv University|Universitas Tel Aviv]] - [[proximae]] - [[Ramat Hasharon]] - [[investigatio]] [[centri]] * '''[[Instituta Technologiae]]''' - [[Technion]] - [[Haifa]] - [[propinqua]] - [[Centri]] [[vocatio|vocatives]] - [[Scholae]] [[professionale]] === Scholae == * '''[[Scholae Primaria]]''' - [[CCCC+]]{{dubsig}} * '''[[Scholae Secundaria]]''' - [[CC+]]{{dubsig}} * '''[[Scholae Religiosa]]''' - [[Yeshivot]], [[Madrassa]] * '''[[Araba]] [[scholae]]''' * '''[[Speciales]]{{dubsig}} [[scholae]]''' - [[disabilitates]]{{dubsig}} === Bibliotecae === * [[Bibliothecae municipales]] * [[Bibliothecae universitaria]] * [[Archivum]] - [[historia|historiae]] == Cultura et Arte == === Musaea === * '''[[Musaeum]]''' [[Petach Tikva]] - [[arte]] et [[historia]] * '''[[Musaeum]]''' [[Caesarea]] - [[archaeologia]] * '''[[Musaeum Agricola]]''' - [[historia]] [[agricultae]] * '''[[Musaeum Technologiae]]''' - [[innovatio]] === Theatrum et Performances === * '''[[Theatrum civicum]]''' - [[dramma]] * '''[[Cinemata]]''' - [[filmum]] * '''[[Concertus]]''' - [[musica]] * '''[[Dansa]]''' - [[balli]] * '''[[Opera]]''' - [[performances]] === Galleriae Arte === * '''[[Galleriae]]''' - [[pictores]] * '''[[Sculptura]]''' - [[monumenta]] * '''[[Installationes arte]]''' - [[modernus|modernes]] * '''[[Streetart]]''' - [[murales]] === Festivales === * '''[[Festival Floriae]]''' - [[Netanya]] * '''[[Festival Musicae]]''' - [[varies|multae civitates]] * '''[[Festival Filmae]]''' - [[cinematographia]] * '''[[Festivales Religiose]]''' - [[Pesach|Pesah]] - [[familias]] - [[Shavuot]] - [[celebratione]] - [[Sukkot]] - [[folium|foliorum]] - [[Chanukah]] - [[illuminationes]] - [[Tisha B'Av]] - [[commemoratio]] == Religio == === Iudaismus === * '''[[Synagogae]]''' - [[CCCC+]]{{dubsig}} * '''[[Orthodoxia]]''' - [[Haredi]], [[Dati]]{{dubsig}} * '''[[Masorti]]''' - [[Conservativa]]{{dubsig}} * '''[[Reformata]]''' - [[Liberalis]] * '''[[Yeshivot]]''' - [[seminarium]] * '''[[Rabbini]]''' - [[educatio]] === Christianitas === * '''[[Basilicae]]''' - [[Caesarea]], [[Netanya]] * '''[[Monasteria]]''' - [[historia]] * '''[[Ecclesiae]]''' - [[varia|variae confessions]] * '''[[Pilgrimages]]''' - [[sancta loca]] === Islamismus === * '''[[Mosqueae]]''' - [[Lod]], [[Ramla]] * '''[[Wakf]]''' - [[terra]] [[religiosa|religiosa]] * '''[[Cemeteria]]''' - [[sancta]] === Synretismus === * '''[[Loca sancta]] [[multireligiosa]]''' * '''[[Coexistentia]]''' - [[interfaith]] == Archaeologia == === Sitae Principale === * '''[[Caesarea Maritima]]''' - [[Herodis Magnus|Herodes]] * '''[[Joppa]]''' - [[portu]] [[antiquum]] * '''[[Antipatris]]''' - [[strata]] [[romana]] * '''[[Lod]]''' - [[antiquitas]] * '''[[Ramla]]''' - [[saeculum VIII]] * '''[[Khirbet al-Mina]]''' - [[vicus]] [[Islamicus]] === Periodi Archaeologici === * '''[[Palaeolithicum]]''' * '''[[Neolithicum]]''' * '''[[Bronze Age|Aetas Bronzei]]''' * '''[[Iron Age|Aetas Ferrea]]''' * '''[[Aetas Persica]]''' * '''[[Hellenismus]]''' * '''[[Periodus Romana]]''' * '''[[Byzantinum]]''' * '''[[Islamicum]]''' * '''[[Crusades|Tempus Crusiadum]]''' * '''[[Ottomanicum]]''' == Demographia == === Populatio === {| class="wikitable" |- ! [[Anno]] ! [[Populatio]] ! [[Crescentia]] ! [[Notae]] |- | [[Antiquitas]] | Ignota | [[Variabilis]] | [[Agricola]] [[villaggia]] |- | [[MDCCCC]] | ~L,000 | [[Stagnans]] | [[Ottomanicum]] |- | [[XIX Saeculum]] | ~C,000 | Crescens | [[Immigratio]] [[Iudaica]] |- | [[MCMXLVIII]] | ~CC,000 | [[Explosiva]] | [[Statum Israelis|Statum]] |- | [[MM]] | ~MMD,000 | [[Moderata]] | [[Urbana]] [[expansio]] |- | [[MMXXVI]] | ~MMMCD,000 | Crescens | [[Hodierna]] |} === Ethnicitas === * '''[[Iudaei]]''' - ~LXXX% - [[Ashkenazi]] - ~XL% - [[Sephardi]] - ~XXX% - [[Mizrahi]] - ~XV% - [[Ethiopes]] - ~V% * '''[[Arabici Israelenses]]''' - ~XV% * '''[[Migrantes]] [[externi]]''' - ~V% === Religio === * '''[[Iudaismus]]''' - ~LXXX% * '''[[Islamismus]]''' - ~XII% * '''[[Christianitas]]''' - ~V% * '''[[Aliae]] [[religiones]]''' - ~III% == Medica et Salutes == === Hospitalia === * '''[[Shamir Medical Center]]''' - [[Rosh HaAyin]] * '''[[Lod]] [[Hospital]]''' * '''[[Petach Tikva]] [[Clinica]]''' * '''[[Netanya]] [[Medica]] [[centru|centrum]]''' === Cliniae Ambulatoria === * [[Cliniae]] - [[HMO|Societates Salutis]] * [[Pharmaciae]] - [[medicamenta]] * [[Laboratorium]] - [[analysus]] [[sanguinis]] * [[Centri]] - [[preventiva]] === Servicii Mentalis === * '''[[Psychologia]]''' - [[counseling]] * '''[[Psychiatria]]''' - [[hospitals]] * '''[[Rehabilitation]]''' - [[centri]] * '''[[Disabilitate]]''' - [[servitia]] == Militaris == === Historia Militaris === * '''[[Bellum Independentiae Israelis|Bellum Independentiae]]''' - [[MCMXLVIII]] * '''[[Bellum]] [[Mundi]] [[Secundum]]''' - [[effectus]] * '''[[Bellum Sextae Diei]]''' - [[MCMLXVIII]] * '''[[Bellum Yom Kippur]]''' - [[MCMLXXIII]] * '''[[Intifada]]''' - [[violentia]] === Militaris Base === * '''[[Tsahal|Exercitus Israelis]]''' - [[basae]] * '''[[Air Force Israelis]]''' - [[aerodrome]] * '''[[Navy Israelis]]''' - [[portus|portu]] == Environmentum et Conservatio == === Protected Areas === * '''[[Natura reservae]]''' - [[Caesarea]] - [[marinum]] - [[Maayan Zin]] - [[fons]] - [[Hula]] - [[paludium]] * '''[[Parci nationalis]]''' - [[Latrun]] - [[montes]] - [[Apollonia]] - [[playa]] === Ecologia === * '''[[Biodiversitas]]''' - [[flora]], [[fauna]] * '''[[Migratio aviaria]]''' - [[aves]] [[passag|transitus]] * '''[[Protectio amphibiorum]]''' * '''[[Reforestation]]''' - [[Qeren Kayemet]] === Sostenibilita === * '''[[Energia renovabilis]]''' - [[sol]], [[ventus]] * '''[[Aquae]] [[sustinentia]]''' - [[irrigatio]] [[efficient]] * '''[[Rifiuti]]''' - [[riciclatio]] * '''[[Aeris qualitas]]''' - [[monitoringa]] == Securitas et Administratio == === Amministratione Locale === * '''[[Municipalitas]]''' - [[civitates]] [[principale]] * '''[[Consilio Regionale]]''' - [[Sharon]] [[administratio]] * '''[[Khimonim]]''' - [[kibbutzim]] [[autonomia]] === Legis === * '''[[Ius Israelense]]''' * '''[[Cortes Locales]]''' * '''[[Policium]]''' - [[Israel Police|Policia Israelis]] * '''[[Servicii Emergentia]]''' === Securitas Civilis === * '''[[Home Front Command]]''' - [[protectio]] * '''[[Siren|Sirenes]] [[alerta|alertae]]''' * '''[[Shelter|Rifugia]]''' - [[bombae]] * '''[[Exercitium]] [[evacuatio|evacuationis]]''' == Media et Communicationes == === Gazetta === * [[Gazetta israelenses|Gazettae]] - [[principale]] * [[Edizioni Locale|Edizioni locales]] * [[Giornalismo]] - [[investigatio]] === Radiotelevisio === * '''[[Kan]] ([[Israeli Public Broadcasting|Televisio Publica]])''' * '''[[Privata]] [[statio|stazioni]]''' * '''[[Cable]] [[televisio]]''' === Internet === * '''[[Servicii internet]]''' - [[ISP]] * '''[[Social media]]''' * '''[[Portales]] [[locale]]''' == Transitus et Accessus == === Distantiae Principale === * Ad [[Tel Aviv]]: [[XV]] [[chilometri]] (~XX minuta) * Ad [[Ierusalem]]: [[LX]] [[chilometri]] (~I hora) * Ad [[Haifa]]: [[XL]] [[chilometri]] (~L minuta) * Ad [[Eilat]]: [[CCXL]] [[chilometri]] (~III horae) * Ad [[Beersheba|Beersaba]]: [[CL]] [[chilometri]] (~II horae) * Ad [[Dead Sea|Mare Mortuum]]: [[CXX]] [[chilometri]] === Accessus Internationale === * '''[[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]]''' - [[Lod]] - [[XXX]] [[chilometri]] * '''[[Portus]]''' - [[Tel Aviv]], [[Caesarea]], [[Ashdod]] * '''[[Frontier]]''' - [[Iordania]], [[Palestine]] == Culturae Specialia == === Gastronomia === * '''[[Culinaria Israelis]]''' - [[Hummus]] - [[chickpea]] - [[Falafel]] - [[fritae]] - [[Shawarma]] - [[roasted]] - [[Sabich]] - [[aubergine]] * '''[[Vinum Israelis]]''' - [[Rehovot]] - [[vinyard|vinea]] - [[Qualitas]] - [[internatio|internationalis]] === Agricultura Organica === * '''[[Biologica]] [[agricoltura]]''' - [[crescens]] * '''[[Farmer Market|Mercatus Agricole]]''' * '''[[Community Supported Agriculture|CSA]]''' - [[directa]] [[distributio]] == Nexus cum Regiones Proximae == === Connexiones Internales === * [[Septentrionalis Sharon|Sharon Septentrionalis]] - [[aquilone]] * [[Planitiem Philistaeorum|Philistinae Planitie]] - [[meridie]] * [[Montes Iudaeae|Montes Iudaeae]] - [[oriente]] * [[Tel Aviv]] - [[occidentalis]] * [[Judea|Iudaea]] - [[interior]] == Nexus Externi == === Officiales === * [[https://www.sharon-region.org.il/|Sharon Regional Council]] * [[Wikidata]]: [[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4379619|Q4379619]] * [[Wikipedia Anglica|English Wikipedia]]: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon_(region)|Sharon (region)]] * [[Wikipedia Hebraica|Hebrew Wikipedia]] === Turistica == * [[Tourism Israel]] - [[informationes]] * [[Guidebook|Guida]] - [[regione]] * [[Accommodatio]] * [[Adventura]] === Archaeologia === * [[Israel Antiquities Authority|Auctoritas Antiquitatum]] * [[Excavationes]] - [[situs]] * [[Museums|Musaea]] * [[Conservatio]] == Bibliotheca == === Libri Principale === * [[Stern, Ephraim]] (editor) (1993). ''[[The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land]]''. [[Israel Exploration Society]]. * [[Reuben, Marcus]] (2005). ''[[Judea and Samaria: A Gazetteer of Ancient Sites]]''. [[Academic Research Corporation]]. * [[Sadeh, Ariel]] (2004). ''[[Cosmetics and Perfume in the Ancient World]]''. [[Archaeopress]]. * [[Finkelstein, Israel]]; [[Silberman, Neil Asher]] (2002). ''[[The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts]]''. [[Free Press]]. * [[Hirschfeld, Yizhar]] (2006). ''[[Archaeology of Palestine]]''. [[Variorum Reprints]]. * [[Kahanov, Yaacov]]; [[Raveh, Michal]] (2006). ''[[Caesarea Maritima: A Retroactive Harbor-Constructed Paradigm]]''. [[Israel Exploration Journal]]. === Articuli Scientifici === * [[https://www.jstor.org|JSTOR]] - [[articuli]] * [[Academia.edu]] - [[investigationes]] * [[ResearchGate]] - [[studiosos]] == Categoriae == [[Categoria:Regiones Israelis]] [[Categoria:Sharon]] [[Categoria:Geographia Israelis]] [[Categoria:Historiae Israelis]] [[Categoria:Agriculturae Israelis]] [[Categoria:Industriae Israelis]] [[Categoria:Technologia Centerium]] [[Categoria:Civitates et Villaggia Israelis]] [[Categoria:Archaeologia Palestinae]] [[Categoria:Economica Levanti]] [[Categoria:Biographia Regionalis]] [[Categoria:Turismus Israelis]] == Nexus Internae Completae == * [[Israele]] - [[ius|Iure]] - [[locatio]] * [[Tel Aviv]] - [[civitas]] [[proxima]] * [[Ierusalem]] - [[caput]] [[Israelis]] * [[Petach Tikva]] - [[civitas]] [[fundatio|fundatrix]] * [[Netanya]] - [[civitas]] [[maritimus|maritima]] * [[Lod]] - [[civitas]] [[antiqua]] * [[Ramla]] - [[civitas]] [[Islamica]] * [[Rehovot]] - [[civitas]] [[scientifica]] * [[Caesarea Maritima]] - [[antiquitas]] [[Romanica]] * [[Rosh HaAyin]] - [[civitas]] [[industrialis]] * [[Haifa]] - [[civitas]] [[septentrionalis]] * [[Herzliya]] - [[civitas]] [[luxuria]] * [[Ra'anana]] - [[civitas]] [[technologia|technologiae]] * [[Septentrionalis Sharon|Sharon Septentrionalis]] - [[regione]] [[adjacens]] * [[Planitiem Philistaeorum|Philistinae Planitie]] - [[regione]] [[meridionalis]] * [[Montes Iudaeae|Montes Iudaeae]] - [[montes]] [[orientales]] * [[Kibbutzim]] - [[communitates]] [[agricolae]] * [[Moshavim]] - [[villaggia]] [[agricolae]] * [[Historia Israelis|Historia Israelis]] - [[contextus]] * [[Agricultura Israelis]] - [[economica]] [[historica]] * [[Industria Israelis]] - [[manufacturae]] * [[Technologia Israelis]] - [[innovatio]] * [[Turismus Israelis]] - [[hospitalis]] * [[Religio in Israele]] - [[religio]] [[diversa]] * [[Archaeologia Palestinae]] - [[excavationes]] * [[Lingua Hebraica]] - [[communicatio]] * [[Cultura Israelis]] - [[arte]] et [[musica]] * [[Militaris Historia Israelis]] - [[conflictus]] * [[Environmentum Mediterraneum|Mediterraneum Environmentum]] - [[natura]] * [[Aquae Israelis]] - [[recursi naturales]] * [[Energia Israelis]] - [[poweris]] [[sources]] * [[Transportatio Israelis]] - [[infrastructure]] * [[Educatio Israelis]] - [[scholae]] et [[universita]] * [[Medica Israelis]] - [[healthcare]] * [[Servicii Sociales Israelis]] - [[supporto]] * [[Securitas Israelis]] - [[administratio]] civilis * [[Media Israelis]] - [[communicationes]] l9qhu5iqjnhxwg67r1cs3a98ixx1bia 0 328373 3986848 3986800 2026-09-09T12:32:52Z IacobusAmor 1163 Vicificanda &c. 3986848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Latinitas|-6}} '''Lod''' ([[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]]: לוד, [[Lingua Arabica|Arabice]]: اللد, [[Lingua Latina|Latine]] ''Ludda'' vel ''Diospolis'') est [[civitas]] [[antiqua|antiquissima]] in [[Israele]], sita in [[media|parte media]] [[occidentalis|occidentalis]] [[Mediridionalis Sharon|Mediridionalis Sharonis]], inter [[Tel Aviv]] et [[Ierusalem]]. [[Lod]] est una ex [[civitates|civitates]] [[antiquissimae]] in [[Levantis|Levante]] et [[Palestina|Palestinae]], cum [[historia]] quae extendit se per [[millennium|millennia]] multis. Lod hodie est [[civitas]] [[LXXX]] milia [[habitatores|habitatorum]], nota ut [[centrum]] [[transportationis]] et [[commercium|commercii]], cum [[Aeroportus Ben Gurion|Aeroportus Internationale Ben Gurion]] prope locatum. == Etymologia et Nomina Antiqua == Nomen '''Lod''' derivatum est ex [[lingua]] [[Hebraica]] [[antiqua|antiqua]], possibiliter ex radix quae significat "[[locus]] [[conflictus|conflictus]]" vel "[[conflictus]] [[bellicosus]]". [[Nomina]] [[antiqua|antiquae]] [[civitatis]]: * '''[[Ludda]]''' - [[nomen]] [[Hebraicum]] [[antiquum]] * '''[[Diospolis]]''' - [[nomen]] [[Graecum]] - "[[civitas]] [[Zeusii|Diovis]]" * '''[[Lydda]]''' - [[nomen]] [[Byzantine|Byzantinum]] * '''[[Ramla-Lod]]''' - [[connexio]] cum [[Ramla|Ramla]] [[Etymologia]] [[multiplex]] suggerit [[origines]] [[antiquissimas]] [[Levantis|Levantinas]]. == Geographia == === Locatio Precisa === * '''[[Latitudo]]''': 31.946°[[Septentrionalis|N]] * '''[[Longitudo]]''': 34.896°[[Orientalis|E]] * '''[[Altitudo]]''': XL-L [[metrum|metra]] supra [[mare]] * '''[[Superficie]]''': Circa XL [[chilometrus|chilometri]] [[quadratus|quadrati]] * '''[[Climata]]''': [[Clima Mediterraneum|Mediterraneum]], temperatum === Limites Geographici === * '''[[Septentrionalis|Septentrione]]''': [[Giv'atayim]], [[Ramat Hasharon]] * '''[[Meridionalis|Meridie]]''': [[Ramla]], [[Latrun]] * '''[[Orientalis|Oriente]]''': [[Montes Iudaeae|Montes Iudaeae]], [[Latrun]] * '''[[Occidentalis|Occidente]]''': [[Petach Tikva]], [[Giv'atayim]], [[mediridionalis|mediridionalis]] [[Tel Aviv]] === Topographia et Geologia === * '''[[Planitiem Coastalis|Planitie Costalis]]''' - [[principale]] [[caratteristica]] * '''[[Terrains]] [[leves]]''' - [[collines|Collines levis]] * '''[[Aquae]] [[subterranea|subterranea]]''' - [[aquiferi|Aquiferi]] [[abundantes]] * '''[[Alluviones]]''' - [[depositae]] [[fluviales]] * '''[[Flumen Ayalon|Flumen Ayalon]]''' - proximum * '''[[Flumen Yarkon|Flumen Yarkon]]''' - [[meridionalis]] == Historia Completa == === Antiquitas Praehistorica === ==== Palaeolithicum ==== * '''[[Erasi Palaeolithi]]''' - [[primae]] [[habitationes]] [[humanae]] * '''[[Fossilia]]''' - [[investigationes]] [[archaeologicae]] * [[Loca]] [[vivendi]] [[caverna|cavernorum]] * [[Instrumenta]] [[primitiva|primitiva]] ==== Neolithicum ==== * '''[[Primae coloniae]] [[agricolae|agricolae]]''' - ~XII millennium [[ante Christum|a.C.]] * [[Villaggia]] [[permanentes]] * [[Domesticatio]] [[animalia|animalium]] * [[Cultivatio]] [[plantas|plantarum]] ==== Chalcolithicum ==== * '''[[Aetas Aeris Lapidei]]''' * [[Metallurgia]] [[incipientis|incipientis]] * [[Instrumenta]] [[hybrida]] * [[Connexiones]] [[commercium|commerciales]] ==== Bronzei Aetas ==== * '''[[Antiquitas Bronze Age|Aetas Bronzei Antiqua]]''' - ~III millennium * [[Fortificationes]] [[primae]] * [[Civitas]] [[walled|murata]] * [[Commercium]] [[Aegypticum]] === Antiquitas Historica === ==== Periodus Canananea ==== * '''[[Cananai]]''' - [[habitantes]] [[primordiales]] * '''[[Regnum Cananaeae]]''' - [[civitas]] [[canananea|canananea]] * [[Cultu]] [[Cananaei|Cananaeorum]] * [[Divinitas]] - [[Baal]], [[Ashtaroth]] ==== Periodus Filistaea ==== * '''[[Philistini]]''' - [[invasiones]] [[mediterranea|mediterraneae]] * '''[[Conflictus]]''' - [[cum]] [[Israelitis]] * '''[[Pentapolis]]''' - [[Gaza]], [[Ashkelon]], [[Ashdod]], [[Gath]], [[Ekron]] * [[Lod]] - [[locus]] [[conflictus|conflictuum]] ==== Periodus Israelita Antiqua ==== * '''[[Regno Israelis]]''' - [[civitas]] [[Israelita]] * [[Tribu Beniamin|Tribu Benjaminis]] - [[possessio]] * [[Civitas]] [[sacerdotalis|sacerdotalis]] - [[Levitae]] * [[Nomen]] [[biblicum]] - [[Liber I Chronicorum]] XVI:35 * [[Historia]] [[ecclesiastica|ecclesiastica]] ==== Periodus Babylonica ==== * '''[[Imperium Babylonicum|Imperium Babylonicum]]''' - [[captivitas]] * '''[[Nabuchodonosor II|Nabuchodonosor]]''' - [[destructio]] * [[Muri]] [[destructae|destructi]] * [[Populatio]] [[exsilium|exsilii]] ==== Periodus Persica ==== * '''[[Imperium Persicum]]''' - [[provinciae]] [[administratio]] * [[Gubernatores]] [[Persici]] * [[Reconstructio]] [[urbana]] * [[Commercium]] [[restoratum]] ==== Periodus Hellenistica ==== * '''[[Hellenismus]]''' - [[influentia]] [[Graeca|Graeca]] * '''[[Alexandrum Magnum]]''' - [[era]] [[post]] * [[Nomen]] [[Graecum]] - '''[[Diospolis]]''' * [[Cultus]] [[Graecus|Graecus]] * [[Moneta]] [[Graeca]] ==== Periodus Maccabaica ==== * '''[[Maccabaei]]''' - [[revolutio]] [[religiosa]] * '''[[Iudas Maccabaeus|Iudas Maccabaeus]]''' - [[conflictus]] [[Seleucida|Seleucida]] * [[Lod]] - [[locus]] [[militaris|militaris]] * [[Liberatio]] [[Iudaica|Iudaica]] ==== Periodus Romanica ==== ===== Imperii Romani Prima Pars ===== * '''[[Pompeius Magnus]]''' - [[LXIII]] [[ante Christum|a.C.]] - [[occupatio]] * '''[[Provincia Syria Palaestina|Provincia Syriae Palaestinae]]''' * '''[[Via Maris]]''' - [[strata]] [[magna|magna]] [[comercium|comercii]] * '''[[Castra Romana]]''' - [[militar|militaris]] [[positiones]] * [[Lod]] - [[statio]] [[strategica]] ===== Imperii Romani Periodus Classica ===== * '''[[Herodes Magnus]]''' - [[renovatio]] [[civitatis]] * [[Architectura]] [[Herodiana|Herodiana]] * [[Fortificationes]] [[novae|novae]] * [[Aqua]] - [[systemae]] [[modernus|modernes]] * [[Via]] [[Romana]] - [[restauratio]] ===== Iudaicus Bellum ===== * '''[[Bellum Iudaicum Primum]]''' - [[LXVI]]-[[LXX]] [[anno|A.D.]] * '''[[Titus]]''' - [[imperator]] [[Romanus]] * [[Destructio]] [[civitatis]] * [[Populatio]] - [[deportatio|deportationes]] * '''[[Masada]]''' - [[nearby]] [[fortis]] ===== Bar Kokhba Rebellio ===== * '''[[Bellum Bar Kokhba]]''' - [[CXXXII]]-[[CXXXV]] [[anno|A.D.]] * '''[[Simon Bar Kokhba]]''' - [[lider|leader]] * [[Lod]] - [[centrum]] [[conflictus|conflictuum]] * [[Imperator]] [[Hadianus|Hadrianus]] * [[Destructio]] [[reiterata|reiterata]] ===== Periodus Post-Rebellionis ===== * '''[[Civitas]] [[pacificata]]''' - [[recuperatio]] * [[Commercium]] [[restauratum]] * [[Rabbini]] - [[centro]] [[Talmud|Talmudicum]] * '''[[Rabbinus]] [[Eliezer ben Hyrcanus]]''' - [[famosus]] * [[Scola]] [[Talmudica]] ==== Periodus Byzantinus ==== ===== Periodus Christiana Byzantina ===== * '''[[Christianitas]]''' - [[adopta]] [[officialis|officialiter]] * '''[[Constantinus I]]''' - [[CCCXXVII]] [[anno|A.D.]] * [[Ecclesiae]] - [[constructae|constructae]] multiplicae * [[Sanctus Georgius|Sanctus Georgius]] - [[martir]] [[Lodi|Lodi]] * '''[[Basilica Sancti Georgii]]''' - [[temple]] [[magnificum]] ===== Periodus Byzantina Florens ===== * '''[[Centum]]''' - [[ecclesiae]] in [[civitate]] * [[Pilgrimage|Pilgrimage]] [[Christianus|Christianus]] - [[locus]] [[sacrum|sacrum]] * [[Mercatus]] [[important|importantis]] * [[Agricultura]] [[prosperitas|prosperitas]] * [[Aquae]] [[systema]] - [[technologia]] [[Byzantina]] ===== Invasiones Persica ===== * '''[[Imperium Persicum|Persiae]]''' - [[invasio|invasiones]] - [[DCXIV]] * '''[[Khosrau II]]''' - [[invasor]] [[celebres|celebris]] * [[Destructio]] [[civitatis]] * [[Ecclesiae]] - [[destructae|destructae]] ==== Periodus Islamicus Medius ==== ===== Califatus Rashidun ===== * '''[[Califatus Rashidun]]''' - [[DCXXXII]] [[anno|A.D.]] * '''[[Umar ibn al-Khattab]]''' - [[Calipha]] * [[Lod]] - [[captura]] [[pacifica|pacifica]] * [[Accordum]] [[pacem|pacis]] * [[Populatio]] [[mixta]] - [[Christianus]], [[Islamica]] ===== Califatus Umayyad ===== * '''[[Dinastia Umayyad]]''' - [[DCXLI]]-[[DCCL]] * [[Architectura]] [[Islamica]] * [[Moschea]] - [[constructio|constructio]] * [[Agricultura]] [[florens|florens]] * [[Commercium]] [[orientalis|orientalis]] ===== Califatus Abbasid ===== * '''[[Dinastia Abbasid]]''' - [[DCCL]]-[[MCCCVIII]] * [[Periodus]] [[culturalis|culturalis]] [[florens]] * [[Schola]] - [[educatio]] * [[Literaria]] [[works]] * [[Scientiae]] - [[mathematica]], [[astronomica]] ===== Periodus Crusiadum ===== * '''[[Crusades]]''' - [[bellum]] [[Christianum]] [[Islamicum]] * '''[[Ricardus Cor Leonis|Ricardus Cor Leonis]]''' - [[rex]] [[Angliae]] * '''[[Saladin]]''' - [[lider]] [[Islamicus]] * [[Lod]] - [[locus]] [[militaris|militaris]] * [[Fortificationes]] - [[Crusader castles]] * [[Ecclesiae]] - [[renovatae|renovatae]] ===== Periodus Post-Crusiadum ===== * '''[[Ayyubid Dynasty|Dinastia Ayyubid]]''' * '''[[Mamluk Sultanate|Sultanatus Mamluk]]''' - [[MCCLXIX]]-[[MDXVII]] * [[Lod]] - [[civitas]] [[minore]] * [[Declinus]] [[economicus]] * [[Depopulatio]] ==== Periodus Ottomanicus ==== ===== Prima Periodus Ottomanica ===== * '''[[Imperium Ottomanicum]]''' - [[MDXVII]] - [[MDCCCCXVIII]] * '''[[Suleiman Magnus]]''' - [[sultanus]] [[celebres|celebres]] * [[Lod]] - [[provinciae]] [[villaggia]] * [[Stagnatio]] [[economica]] * [[Populatio]] - [[declinatio]] ===== Periodus Ottomanica Tarda ===== * '''[[XIX Saeculum]]''' - [[reformae]] [[ottomanicae]] * [[Lod]] - [[ruralis]] [[communitas]] * [[Agricultura]] [[traditionalis]] * [[Nomada]] - [[Bedouin|Bedoini]] === Historia Moderna === ==== XIX Saeculum - Periodus Transitionis ==== ===== Immigratio Iudaica Incepta ===== * '''[[XIX Saeculum]]''' - [[iuvi]] [[immigrantes]] * '''[[Theodor Herzl]]''' - [[visionarius]] * [[Coloniae]] [[proximae]] - [[Petach Tikva]], [[Rishon LeZion]] * [[Lod]] - [[centro]] [[commercium|commercii]] ===== Reformae Ottomanicae ===== * '''[[Tanzimat]]''' - [[reformae]] [[systemae]] * [[Infrastructura]] - [[amelerationes]] * [[Educatio]] - [[scholae]] [[nouvelles]] ==== XX Saeculum - Periodus Mandatum ==== ===== Periodus Britannicum Mandatum ===== * '''[[MCMXX]]''' - [[Mandatum Britannicum]] * '''[[Arthur Balfour|Balfour Declaration]]''' - [[MCMXVII]] * [[Developmentum]] [[urbanus|urbanus]] [[acceleratus]] * [[Immigratio]] [[Iudaica]] [[crescens]] * [[Tensiones]] [[communitates|communitatum]] ===== Periodus Mandatum Media ===== * '''[[MCMXX]] - [[MCMXXXV]]''' - [[periodus]] [[relativa]] [[pacis]] * [[Infrastructura]] [[moderna]] - [[Ferroviaria]] - [[statio]] [[Lod]] - [[Viae]] - [[sistema]] [[transports]] - [[Electricitas]] - [[systema]] [[central]] ===== Periodus Mandatum Tarda ===== * '''[[MCMXXXVI]] - [[MCMXVIII]]''' - [[conflictus]] [[crescentes]] * '''[[Conflictus Iudaeo-Arabicus]]''' - [[violentia]] * [[Rebelliones]] - [[Arabice|Arabicae]] * [[Represalia]] - [[Britannicum|Britannicum]] * [[Lod]] - [[centro]] [[tensiones|tensionum]] ==== XX Saeculum - Statum Israelis ==== ===== Bellum Independentiae ===== * '''[[MCMXLVIII]]''' - [[Declaratio Independentiae Israelis]] * '''[[Bellum Independentiae]]''' - [[MCMXLVIII]]-[[MCMXLIX]] * [[Lod]] - [[estrategica]] [[locatio]] * '''[[Operatio Nachshon]]''' - [[militaris]] [[strategia]] * [[Evacuatio]] [[populatio|populationis]] [[Arabicae]] * [[Occupatio]] [[Israelis]] ===== Periodus Post-Independentiae ===== * '''[[MCMXLIX]] - [[MCMLXVII]]''' - [[periodus]] [[constructionis]] * [[Immigratio]] [[massiva]] - [[Holocaust|Holocaust survivors]] * [[Residentia]] [[nova]] - [[housing]] * [[Infrastructura]] [[developmentum]] * [[Industriales]] [[fabrica|fabricae]] ===== Bellum Sextae Diei ===== * '''[[MCMLXVIII]]''' - [[Bellum Sextae Diei]] * [[Lod]] - [[locatio]] [[strategica]] * [[Aeroportus]] - [[militaris]] [[base]] ===== Periodus Post-MCMLXVIII ===== * '''[[MCMLXVIII]] - [[MCMLXXIII]]''' - [[periodus]] [[pacem|pacis]] [[relativa]] * [[Developmentum]] [[urbanus|urbanus]] [[acceleratus]] * [[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]] - [[expansio]] * [[Commercium]] [[crescens]] ===== Bellum Yom Kippur ===== * '''[[MCMLXXIII]]''' - [[Bellum]] [[Yom Kippur]] * [[Lod]] - [[locu]]s [[militaris|militaris]] * [[Aeroportus]] - [[centro]] [[militaris]] ===== Periodus Pacem ===== * '''[[MCMLXXIX]]''' - [[Tractatus]] [[pacem|pacis]] [[Aegyptius]] * '''[[Menachem Begin]]''' - [[Primarius civicus]] * [[Developmentum]] [[civilis]] [[acceleratus]] ==== Periodus Moderna - Late XX et XXI Saecula ==== ===== MCMXC - MM ===== * '''[[Processus Oslo]]''' - [[MCMXCIII]] - [[initium]] [[processus pacis]] * [[Lod]] - [[civitas]] [[mixta]] * [[Coexistentia]] - [[Israelis]], [[Arabici]] * [[Economica]] [[developmentum]] ===== MM - MMXX ===== * '''[[MMII]]''' - [[Bellum]] [[Secundum Intifada|Intifada Secundae]] * [[Tensiones]] [[crescentes]] * [[Securitas]] - [[barriers|barrierae]] * '''[[MMXIV]]''' - [[Bellum Gaza|Bellum Gaza IV]] * [[Aeroportus]] - [[expansio]] [[continua]] ===== MMXX - Hodierna ===== * '''[[MMXX]]''' - [[COVID-19 Pandemica]] * [[Economica]] [[turbulentia]] * [[Developmentum]] [[continuus]] * [[Innovatio]] [[technologica]] == Archaeologia et Antiquitates == === Sitae Archaeologicae Principales === ==== Lod Archaeologicum Locus ==== * '''[[Strata]] [[multiples|multiples]]''' - [[periodi]] [[diversae]] * '''[[Excavationes]]''' - [[MCMLXVI]] et [[sequential]] * [[Findae]] - [[pottery]], [[coins]], [[inscriptiones]] * '''[[Israel Antiquities Authority]]''' - [[supervisio]] ==== Artefacta Notabilia ==== * '''[[Mosaic|Mosaica]]''' - [[Byzantina]] * [[Constructione]] [[Romana]] * [[Ceramica]] [[Hellenistica]] * [[Moneta|Monetae]] - [[multiplex]] [[periodi]] * [[Inscriptiones]] - [[Latinae]], [[Graecae]], [[Hebraicae]] === Periodi Archaeologici ===== * [[Palaeolithicum]] - [[LXXX]] milia [[anno|a.C.]] * [[Neolithicum]] - [[X]] milia [[anno|a.C.]] * [[Chalcolithicum]] - [[V]] milia [[anno|a.C.]] * [[Bronzei Aetas]] - [[III]] millennium [[anno|a.C.]] * [[Ferreum Aetas]] - [[I]] millennium [[anno|a.C.]] * [[Persica Periodus]] - [[VIum|VI]] saeculum [[anno|a.C.]] * [[Hellenistica Periodus]] - [[IV]]-[[I]] saecula [[anno|a.C.]] * [[Romanica Periodus]] - [[Ia|I-VI]] saecula [[anno|A.D.]] * [[Byzantina Periodus]] - [[VI]]-[[VII]] saecula [[anno|A.D.]] * [[Islamica Periodus]] - [[VII]]-[[XIX]] saecula * [[Ottomanica Periodus]] - [[XVI]]-[[XX]] saecula * [[Moderni Periodus]] - [[XIX]]-[[XXI]] saecula == Religiones et Loca Sacra == === Iudaismus === ==== Significantia Iudaica ==== * '''[[Lod]]''' - [[locus]] [[talmudicus|talmudicum]] * '''[[Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus]]''' - [[sage]] [[celebre]] * '''[[Talmud]]''' - [[tractatus]] [[de]] Lod * [[Synagogae]] - [[multae|multae]] [[antiquae]] ==== Synagogae Contemporanea ==== * [[Synagoga]] [[Principale]] * [[Synagoga]] [[Orthoxa]] * [[Synagoga]] [[Masorti]] * [[Yeshivot]] - [[seminarium|seminaria]] === Christianitas === ==== Significantia Christiana ==== * '''[[Sanctus Georgius]]''' - [[martir]] [[Lodi]] - [[CCCLXX|~CCCLXX]] [[anno|A.D.]] - [[persecutio]] [[Romanus|Romana]] - [[venditio]] [[Christianus]] ==== Basilica Sancti Georgii ==== * '''[[Basilica]] [[magnificus|magnificam]]''' * [[Constructio]] - [[Byzantinus|Byzantium]] * [[Architectura]] [[impressed|impressiva]] * [[Mosaica]] - [[beautiful]] * [[Pilgrimage]] - [[locatio]] [[religiosa]] * [[Renovatio]] [[moderna]] - [[XX]] saeculum ==== Aliae Ecclesiae ==== * [[Ecclesia]] [[Graeca Orthoxa]] * [[Ecclesia]] [[Melkita]] * [[Cappella]] [[Maronita]] * [[Parochiae]] - [[varia]] === Islamismus === ==== Moschea Principale ==== * '''[[Moschea]] [[Omari|al-Omari]]''' * [[Constructio]] - [[Umayyad Periodus|Umayyad]] * [[Architectura]] [[Islamica|Islamica]] * [[Decorationes]] - [[calligraphy]] ==== Aliae Moschea ==== * [[Moschea]] - [[multiple|multae]] * [[Waqf]] - [[terra]] [[religiosa|religiosa]] * [[Cemeteria]] - [[Islamica]] === Syncretismus Religiosus === * '''[[Coexistentia]]''' - [[Iudaei]], [[Christiani]], [[Islamici]] * [[Loca]] [[multireligiosa]] * [[Festae]] [[shared|commune]] == Architectura et Structurae Notabiles == === Antiqua Architectura === ==== Romanus Periodus ==== * [[Aqueductus]] - [[ruins]] * [[Forum Romanus]] - [[remains]] * [[Thermae Romanae]] * [[Strada]] [[Romana]] ==== Byzantina Architectura ==== * [[Basilicae]] - [[magnificae]] * [[Mosaica]] - [[arte]] * [[Fortificationes]] - [[murae]] ==== Islamica Architectura ==== * [[Moschea]] - [[Umayyad|Umayyade]] * [[Palacia]] - [[administratio]] * [[Caravanserae]] - [[travellers]] * [[Bazaar]] - [[commercium]] === Moderni Architectura === ==== Periodus Britannica ==== * [[Statio Ferroviaria]] - [[MCMXX]] * [[Government Buildings]] - [[administratio]] * [[Residential Districts]] - [[housing]] * [[Commercialis Districts]] - [[shops]] ==== Periodus Post-Israelis ==== * [[Residentia]] [[moderna]] * [[Centri Commerciales]] * [[Officium Buildings]] - [[corporations]] * [[Scholae]] - [[architectura]] [[contemporanea]] * [[Hospitalia]] - [[moderni]] * [[Parci]] - [[publici]] ==== Architectura Contemporanea ==== * [[Constructiones]] [[altae]] * [[Shopping Malls]] * [[Technologia]] [[centri]] * [[Residential Complexes]] - [[luxury]] == Populatio et Demographia == === Crescentia Populationis === {| class="wikitable" |- ! [[Anno]] ! [[Populatio]] ! [[Notae]] |- | [[MCMLXVIII]] | XXV,000 | [[Post-War]] [[reconstruction]] |- | [[MCMLXXX]] | XXXV,000 | [[Crescens]] |- | [[MM]] | LXX,000 | [[Expansion]] |- | [[MMXVI]] | LXXV,000 | [[Peak]] [[populatio]] |- | [[MMXXVI]] | LXXX,000+ | [[Hodierna]] |} === Ethnicitas et Religio === * '''[[Iudaei]]''' - ~LX% - [[Ashkenazi]] - ~XXVIII% - [[Sephardi]] - ~XV% - [[Mizrahi]] - ~XII% - [[Ethiopes]] - ~V% * '''[[Arabici Israelenses]]''' - ~XXXV% - [[Sunni]] - ~XXX% - [[Christiani Arabici]] - ~V% * '''[[Migrantes Externi]]''' - ~V% === Religio Distribuita === * '''[[Iudaismus]]''' - ~LX% * '''[[Islamismus]]''' - ~XXXII% * '''[[Christianitas]]''' - ~VII% * '''[[Aliae]] [[religiones]]''' - ~I% == Economica et Industria == === Historia Economica === ==== Antiquitas ==== * [[Agricoltura]] - [[principale]] [[occupatio]] * [[Commercium]] - [[via maris]] * [[Artigianato]] - [[pottery]], [[textilia]] ==== Medius Aevi ==== * [[Agricoltura]] [[stagnans]] * [[Commercium]] - [[declinatus]] * [[Craft|Artigianato]] - [[local|localis]] ==== Moderna ==== * [[Immigratio]] - [[capital]] [[novum]] * [[Industriae]] - [[constructio]] * [[Commercium]] - [[expandens]] === Industria Contemporanea === ==== Agricultura Moderna ==== * [[Florarii]] - [[Lod Region]] * [[Fructus]] - [[citrus]], [[avocado]] * [[Vegetabilia]] - [[horti moderni]] * [[Aves Allevamento|Allevamento avium]] * [[Latteria]] - [[products]] ==== Manufacturae ==== * [[Plastica]] - [[factory|fabrica]] * [[Metalurgica]] - [[processus]] * [[Textilia]] - [[fabrica]] * [[Alimentaria]] - [[processing]] * [[Furnitura]] - [[fabrica]] ==== Technologia ==== * [[Softaware]] - [[companiae]] * [[Electronica]] - [[components]] * [[Computatores]] - [[assembly]] * [[Telecommunications]] * [[Biotechnologia]] - [[research]] ==== Commercium et Servicii ==== * [[Centri Commerciales]] - [[malls]] * [[Mercatus]] - [[open]] * [[Turisma]] - [[hotel|hoteli]] * [[Restaurationes]] * [[Servicii Financiales]] * [[Reale Estagio]] ==== Transportatio Logistics ==== * [[Logistica]] [[centri]] * [[Ware Housae|Warehouses]] - [[distributio]] * [[Transportatio]] - [[trucking]] * [[Portus]] [[proximi]] ==== Aeroportus Economica ==== * '''[[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]]''' - [[XXXV]] [[chilometri]] [[meridie]] - [[Cargo Handling]] - [[Passenger Services]] - [[Economic Hub]] - [[regionalis]] === Firmas Notabiles === * [[Tashtiot]] - [[plastic|plastica]] * [[Chemicals]] - [[various|varia]] * [[Flowers Export]] - [[international]] * [[Agricultural Equipment]] == Infrastructura == === Transportatio Terrestris === ==== Viae Principale ==== * '''[[Route 1]]''' - [[Jerusalem]] - [[Tel Aviv]] - [[intersectionem]] in [[Lod]] - [[major|majora]] [[connection]] * '''[[Route 2|Autostrada 2]]''' - [[Haifa]] - [[Tel Aviv]] - [[proximae]] [[Lod]] * '''[[Route 40|Route 40]]''' - [[north]] - [[south]] - [[Lod]] [[connexio]] * '''[[Route 44|Route 44]]''' - [[local]] [[traffic]] * '''[[Route 411|Route 411]]''' - [[connections]] ==== Ferroviaria Israelis ==== * '''[[Statio Ferroviaria Lod]]''' - [[principale]] - [[constructio]] - [[MCMXX]] - [[renovatio]] - [[MMXX]] - [[liniae]] [[multae]] * [[Liniae Ferroviaria]] - [[Central Line]] - [[Tel Aviv]] - [[Jerusalem]] - [[Lod Connection]] - [[Petach Tikva]] - [[Aeroportus Express]] - [[Ben Gurion]] * '''[[Train Services]]''' - [[Passengers]] - [[daily]] - [[Commuters]] - [[regular]] - [[Freight|Cargo]] ==== Autobusae Publicae ==== * [[Egged|Egged Autobus]] * [[Dan]] - [[Tel Aviv region]] * [[Local Bus Lines]] * [[Intercity Connections]] === Transportatio Internationalis === ==== Aeroportus Ben Gurion ==== * '''[[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]]''' - [[proximum]] - [[distantia]] - [[XXX]] [[chilometri]] - [[main international gateway]] - [[Cargo Terminal]] - [[Passenger Terminals]] - [[Railroad Connection]] ==== Portus ==== * [[Portus Tel Aviv]] - [[XX]] [[chilometri]] * [[Portus Ashdod]] - [[south]] * [[Logistica]] [[maritime]] === Utilitas === ==== Aquae ==== * '''[[Aquae Systemae]]''' - [[Distributio]] [[rete]] - [[Desalinatio]] [[planate|planae]] - [[Purificatio]] [[moderni]] - [[Riciclatio]] [[graywater]] * '''[[Aquiferi]]''' - [[Aquifer Sharon]] - [[Aquifer Judean]] ==== Electricitas ==== * '''[[Israel Electric Company]]''' - [[Distributio]] - [[high voltage]] - [[Power Plants]] - [[distant]] - [[Renewable Energy]] - [[growing]] - [[Solar Panels]] - [[Wind Turbines]] ==== Communicationes ==== * '''[[Telephonia]]''' - [[Cellularis]] [[networks]] - [[Providers]] - [[multae]] - [[4G]]/[[5G]] - [[coverage]] * '''[[Broadband Internet]]''' - [[Providers]] - [[ISP]] - [[Speeds]] - [[increasing]] * '''[[Radiodiffusio]]''' - [[Radio Stations]] - [[Televisio Channels]] ==== Gas Naturalis ==== * [[Distribution Network]] * [[Consumer Supply]] == Educatio == === Instituta Superiora === * [[Tel Aviv University]] - [[proximae]] * [[Ramat Hasharon Campus]] * [[Academic Research Centers]] === Scholae == ==== Scholae Primaria ==== * [[XXVIII]]+ [[scholae]] * [[Government Schools]] * [[Private Schools]] * [[Arabic-Language Schools]] ==== Scholae Secundaria ==== * [[XVI]]+ [[scholae]] * [[Academic High Schools]] * [[Professional Training]] * [[Vocational Programs]] ==== Aliae Institutiones ==== * [[Yeshivot]] - [[Jewish study]] * [[Madrassahs]] - [[Islamic study]] * [[Adult Education]] [[centri]] * [[Pre-Schools]] - [[childcare]] === Bibliotecae === * [[Bibliothecae Publicum]] - [[centrale]] * [[Bibliotheca Municipale]] * [[Scholares]] [[libraries]] * [[Archivum]] - [[historical]] === Musaea Educationis === * [[Educational Museums]] * [[Science Centers]] * [[History Exhibits]] == Cultura et Arte == === Musaea === ==== Lod Museum ==== * '''[[Lod Municipal Museum]]''' - [[Historia]] - [[civitatis]] - [[Archaeology]] - [[displays]] - [[Artefacta]] - [[multae]] - [[Mosaica]] - [[Byzantina]] ==== Aliae Musaea ==== * [[Ceramica Museum]] * [[Art Museum]] * [[History Museum]] === Theatrum et Performances === * [[Theatrum Municipale]] * [[Cinemata]] - [[projections]] * [[Concertus]] - [[venues]] * [[Dansa]] - [[performances]] * [[Cultural Center]] === Galleriae Arte === * [[Local Art Galleries]] * [[Sculptor Gardens]] * [[Street Art]] - [[murales]] * [[Artist Studios]] === Festivales === ==== Festivales Annuales ==== * '''[[Festival Civitatis]]''' - [[anniversarium]] * '''[[Festival Musicae]]''' - [[summer]] * '''[[Festival Artis]]''' - [[painters]], [[sculptores]] * '''[[Jazz Festival]]''' - [[musicians]] * '''[[Heritage Festival]]''' - [[historical]] ==== Festivales Religiose ==== * [[Pesach|Pesah]] - [[Iudaica]] * [[Shavuot]] - [[Iudaica]] * [[Sukkot]] - [[Iudaica]] * [[Chanukah]] - [[Iudaica]] * [[Tisha B'Av]] - [[Iudaica]] * [[Eid al-Fitr]] - [[Islamica]] * [[Eid al-Adha]] - [[Islamica]] * [[Ramadan]] - [[Islamica]] * [[Easter]] - [[Christiana]] * [[Christmas]] - [[Christiana]] === Crafts Traditionalis === * [[Pottery]] - [[traditional]] * [[Textile Arts]] * [[Woodworking]] * [[Metal Crafts]] == Medica et Salutes == === Hospitalia === * [[Lod Hospital]] - [[principale]] * [[Urgent Care]] - [[centri]] * [[Cliniae]] - [[ambulatoria]] === Servicii Medica === * [[HMO Organizations]] * [[Health Insurance]] * [[Pharmaciae]] - [[multae]] * [[Laboratorium]] - [[analysis]] * [[Dental Clinics]] * [[Pediatria]] * [[Psychologia]] === Mental Health ==== * [[Psychologia]] [[counseling]] * [[Psychiatria]] [[services]] * [[Rehabilitation]] [[centri]] === Public Health === * [[Health Department]] * [[Vaccination Programs]] * [[Disease Prevention]] * [[Health Promotion]] == Securitas et Administratio == === Municipalis Governo === * '''[[Municipality Lod]]''' - [[Mayor|Primarius Civicus]] - [[Consilium]] - [[17 membri]] - [[Department|Departmenta]] - [[varia]] === Legalis Sistema === * [[Ius Israelense]] * [[Cortes Locales]] * [[District Court]] - [[proximi]] * [[Law Enforcement]] === Policium === * '''[[Israel Police]]''' - [[Lod Station]] * [[Community Policing]] * [[Traffic Police]] * [[Investigative Units]] === Securitas Civilis === * [[Home Front Command]] * [[Emergency Services]] * [[Fire Department]] * [[Rescue Services]] === Militaris === * '''[[Tsahal]] ([[Israeli Defense Forces]])''' - [[Recruitmentum]] - [[Training Facilities]] - [[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]] - [[militaris base]] == Media et Communicationes == === Gazetta === * [[Local Newspapers]] * [[Gazetta Israelenses|Israeli Newspapers]] * [[Editiones Locales]] * [[Online News]] === Radiotelevisio === * [[Kan]] - [[Israeli Public Broadcasting]] * [[Reshet]] - [[Private channels]] * [[Cable]] [[Channels]] * [[Streaming Services]] === Internet et Social Media === * [[Portales Locale]] * [[Social Media Presence]] * [[Municipality Website]] * [[Online Services]] == Climata et Environmentum == === Climata Characteristica === * '''[[Clima Mediterraneum|Mediterraneum]]''' - [[temperatum]] * '''[[Temperatura]]''': - [[Summer|Aestas]] - [[XXVIII|XXVIII]]-[[XXX|XXX]]°C - [[Winter|Hiems]] - [[X|X]]-[[XV|XV]]°C - [[Annual Average]] - ~[[XX]]°C * '''[[Pluviae]]''': - [[Annual Precipitation]] - [[D|DCC]]-[[D|DCCC]] mm - [[Rainy Season]] - [[November]] - [[March]] - [[Dry Season]] - [[May]] - [[September]] * '''[[Humiditas]]''': [[Alta]] * '''[[Ventus]]''': [[Westerly]] ab [[mare]] === Geologia et Naturam === * [[Flora Mediterranea]] * [[Fauna Regionalis]] * [[Parks|Parci]] - [[naturales]] * [[Nature Reserves]] === Conservatio et Sustainabilitas === * [[Green Initiatives]] * [[Recycling Programs]] * [[Energy Efficiency]] * [[Water Conservation]] * [[Renewable Energy Projects]] == Divisiones Administrativae == === Neighborhoods Principale === * '''[[Kiryat Tarbut]]''' - [[cultural district]] * '''[[Ramat Lod]]''' - [[residential]] * '''[[Old City]]''' - [[historical]] * '''[[Industrial Zone]]''' - [[manufacturing]] * '''[[Airport Area]]''' - [[commercial]] === Districts === * [[Central District]] * [[Southern District]] * [[Eastern District]] * [[Western District]] * [[Northern District]] == Transportatio Networks == === Distantiae Principale === * Ad [[Tel Aviv]]: [[XXVI]] [[chilometri]] (~XL minuta [[auto]]) * Ad [[Ierusalem]]: [[LVI]] [[chilometri]] (~I hora [[auto]]) * Ad [[Haifa]]: [[XCIX]] [[chilometri]] (~I hora XXX minuta) * Ad [[Ramla]]: [[XVI]] [[chilometri]] (~XX minuta) * Ad [[Petach Tikva]]: [[XX]] [[chilometri]] (~XXV minuta) * Ad [[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]]: [[XXX]] [[chilometri]] (~XL minuta) == Nexus cum Regionibus Proximae == === Civitates Proximae === * [[Ramla]] - [[XVI]] [[chilometri]] [[south]] * [[Petach Tikva]] - [[XX]] [[chilometri]] [[north]] * [[Tel Aviv]] - [[XXVI]] [[chilometri]] [[west]] * [[Giv'atayim]] - [[XVIII]] [[chilometri]] [[northwest]] * [[Ra'anana]] - [[XXIII]] [[chilometri]] [[north]] * [[Rishon LeZion]] - [[XXIII]] [[chilometri]] [[southwest]] * [[Rehovot]] - [[XXVIII]] [[chilometri]] [[southeast]] === Regiones Proximae === * [[Mediridionalis Sharon]] - [[pars|partem]] * [[Montes Iudaeae]] - [[east]] * [[Planitiem Costalis]] - [[west]] * [[Planitiem Philistaeorum]] - [[south]] == Personae Notabiles == === Antiquitas === * '''[[Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus]]''' - [[sage]] [[talmudicus]] * '''[[Sanctus Georgius]]''' - [[martir]] [[Christianus]] * '''[[Saint Jirjis]]''' - [[Arabic name]] === Moderna === * [[Local Leaders]] - [[diverse]] * [[Mayors]] - [[sequential]] * [[Community Organizers]] * [[Cultural Figures]] * [[Artistic Personalities]] == Nexus Externi == === Officiales === * [[https://www.lod.muni.il/|Municipality Lod - Official Website]] * [[Wikidata]]: [[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83171|Q83171]] * [[Wikipedia English]]: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lod|Lod]] * [[Wikipedia Hebrew]]: [[https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/לוד|לוד]] === Turistica === * [[Israel Tourism]] - [[informationes]] * [[Guidebooks]] - [[civitatis]] * [[Accommodatio]] - [[hotels]], [[hostels]] * [[Restaurants]] - [[dining]] === Archaeologia === * [[Israel Antiquities Authority]] - [[https://www.antiquities.org.il/]] * [[Excavation Reports]] * [[Museum Collections]] * [[Research Institutions]] === Transportatio === * [[Israeli Railways]] - [[https://www.rail.co.il/]] * [[Egged Bus Company]] - [[https://egged.co.il/]] * [[Ben Gurion Airport]] - [[https://www.iaa.gov.il/]] === Medica === * [[Health Services]] * [[Hospital Information]] * [[Clinics Directories]] == Bibliotheca == === Libri Principale === * [[Stern, Ephraim]] (editor). ''[[The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land]]''. [[Israel Exploration Society]], 1993. * [[Finkelstein, Israel]]; [[Silberman, Neil Asher]]. ''[[The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel]]''. [[Free Press]], 2002. * [[Reuben, Marcus]]. ''[[Judea and Samaria: A Gazetteer of Ancient Sites]]''. [[Academic Research Corporation]], 2005. * [[Hirschfeld, Yizhar]]. ''[[The Palestinian Dwelling in the Roman-Byzantine Period]]''. [[Israel Exploration Society]], 1995. * [[Avi-Yonah, Michael]]. ''[[The Holy Land from the Persian to the Arab Conquest: A Historical Geography]]''. [[Baker Book House]], 1978. * [[Broshi, Magen]]. ''[[Bread, Wine, Oil and Coal in the Second Temple Judaism]]''. [[Magnnes Press]], 1986. === Articuli Academici === * [[JSTOR]] - [[academic articles]] * [[Academia.edu]] - [[research papers]] * [[ResearchGate]] - [[scholar collaboration]] * [[Google Scholar]] - [[article search]] == Categoriae Principale == [[Categoria:Civitates Israelis]] [[Categoria:Lod]] [[Categoria:Antiquae Civitates]] [[Categoria:Archaeologiae Situs]] [[Categoria:Religiosa Loca]] [[Categoria:Transportationis Hubs]] [[Categoria:Mediridionalis Sharon]] [[Categoria:Geographia Israelis]] [[Categoria:Historia Israelis]] [[Categoria:Industriae Centerium]] [[Categoria:Educationis Instituta]] [[Categoria:Medica Servicii]] [[Categoria:Culturae Centerium]] [[Categoria:Turismum]] [[Categoria:Multireligiosa Communitates]] [[Categoria:Economica Hubs]] [[Categoria:Modernae Civitates]] [[Categoria:XX Saeculum Historia]] == Nexus Internae Densae == * [[Israele]] - [[nationalis context]]{{dubsig}} * [[Tel Aviv]] - [[civitas]] [[occidentalis]] * [[Ierusalem]] - [[caput]] * [[Ramla]] - [[civitas]] [[proximae]] * [[Petach Tikva]] - [[civitas]] [[septentrionalis]] * [[Giv'atayim]] - [[suburb]]v * [[Haifa]] - [[civitas]] [[major]] [[north]]{{dubsig}} * [[Beersheba]] - [[civitas]] [[south]]{{dubsig}} * [[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]] - [[transportatio]] [[major]] * [[Ferroviaria Israelis]] - [[transportatio]] [[railwayi]]{{dubsig}} * [[Route 1]] - [[viae principalis]] * [[Route 2]] - [[autostrada]]{{dubsig}} * [[Route 40]] - [[connexio]] [[nord-sud]]{{dubsig}} * [[Mediridionalis{{dubsig}} Sharon]] - [[regionem]]{{dubsig}} * [[Montes Iudaeae]] - [[geographia]] * [[Planitiem Costalis]] - [[planitiem]] * [[Mare Mediterraneum]] - [[mare]] * [[Sanctus Georgius]] - [[martir]]{{dubsig}} [[religiosa]] * [[Basilica]] - [[architectura]] * [[Moschea al-Omari]] - [[Islamica architectura]] * [[Synagoga]] - [[Iudaica]] * [[Talmud]] - [[literaria Iudaica]] * [[Rabbi Eliezer]] - [[sage]] * [[Historia Israelis]] - [[contextu historico]]{{dubsig}} * [[Agricoltura Israelis]] - [[economica]] * [[Industria Israelis]] - [[manufacturae]] * [[Technologia Israelis]] - [[innovatio]] * [[Educatio Israelis]] - [[scholae]] * [[Medica Israelis]] - [[healthcare]]{{dubsig}} * [[Religio in Israele]] - [[multireligiosa]] * [[Cultura Israelis]] - [[arte]],{{dubsig}} [[musica]] * [[Archaeologia Palestinae]] - [[excavationes]] * [[Antiquitates Romanae]] - [[periodicus]]{{dubsig}} * [[Byzantina Imperium]] - [[periodus]] * [[Islamica Historia]] - [[periodus]] * [[Crusades]] - [[periodus medievalis]] * [[Ottomanica Imperium]] - [[periodus moderna incepta]] * [[Mandatum Britannicum]] - [[XX saeculum]] * [[Bellum Independentiae Israelis]] - [[MCMXLVIII]]{{dubsig}} * [[Securitas Israelis]] - [[administratio]] * [[Militaris Historia]] - [[conflictus]]{{dubsig}} * [[Environmentum]] - [[natura conservatio]] * [[Energia Renewabilis]] - [[sustainability]]{{dubsig}} * [[Aquae Systemae]] - [[utilities]]{{dubsig}} * [[Communicationes]] - [[media]]{{dubsig}} * [[Lingua Hebraica]] - [[communicatio]] * [[Lingua Arabica]] - [[communicatio]] * [[Lingua Latina]] - [[etymologia]] * [[Turismus Israelis]] - [[hospitale]]{{dubsig}} * [[Economica Regionalis]] - [[commercium]] ratvze1463kvaa5xamhmwg0wae25aq1 0 328374 3986856 3986801 2026-09-09T12:43:12Z IacobusAmor 1163 ??? 3986856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Latinitas|-7}} {{videdis|Petach Tikva (civitas)}} '''Petach Tikva''' ([[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]]: פתח תקווה, [[Lingua Latina|Latine]] ''Porta Spei'' vel ''Aperto Spei'') est [[civitas]] [[celebres|celebris]] in [[Israele]], sita in [[media|parte media]] [[occidentalis|occidentalis]] [[Mediridionalis Sharon|Mediridionalis Sharonis]], inter [[Tel Aviv]] et [[Montes Iudaeae|Montes Iudaeae]]. [[Petach Tikva]] est notissima ut '''[[Mater Coloniarum]]''' - [[primus]] [[kibbutzus]] et [[coloniae]] [[Iudaicae]] [[modernus|moderni]] in [[Palestina|Palestinae]] [[tempus|tempore]]. [[Civitas]] hodie habet {{CCXXX}} milia [[habitatores|habitatorum]], quae eam reddunt [[secundus|secundam]] [[civitas|civitatem]] [[magnitudinem|magnitudinis]] in [[Metropolita Tel Aviv|Metropolitana Tel Aviv]] et [[centrum]] [[culturalis|culturale]], [[industrialis|industriale]], et [[commercium|commerciale]] significans. == Etymologia et Nomen == '''Petach Tikva''' derivatum est ex [[lingua Hebraica|lingua Hebraica]] [[antiqua|antiqua]]: * '''Petach''' (פתח) = [[Porta]], [[Aperto|Apertum]] * '''Tikva''' (תקווה) = [[Spes]], [[Spera|Speratio]] [[Interpretatio]] [[Latina|Latina]] est "'''[[Porta]] [[Spei]]'''" vel "'''[[Aperto]] [[Spei]]'''", symbolum [[spei|spei]] [[Iudaica|Iudaicae]] pro [[futuro]] in [[Palestina|Palestinae]] [[terra]]. Nomen [[symbolicum]] [[refertur]] ad [[expectatio|expectationes]] [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]] pro [[returnatio|regressu]] et [[reconstructio|reconstructione]] [[terra|terrae]]. == Geographia == === Locatio Precisa === * '''[[Latitudo]]''': 32.087°[[Septentrionalis|N]] * '''[[Longitudo]]''': 34.883°[[Orientalis|E]] * '''[[Altitudo]]''': XX-LX [[metrum|metra]] supra [[mare]] * '''[[Superficie]]''': Circa XCVIII [[chilometrus|chilometri]] [[quadratus|quadrati]] * '''[[Clima]]''': [[Clima Mediterraneum|Mediterraneum]], temperatum et humidum === Limites Geographici === * '''[[Septentrionalis|Septentrione]]''': [[Ramat Hasharon]], [[Kfar Saba]] * '''[[Meridionalis|Meridie]]''': [[Tel Aviv]], [[Giv'atayim]], [[Ramat Gan]] * '''[[Orientalis|Oriente]]''': [[Montes Iudaeae|Montes Iudaeae]], [[Latrun]] * '''[[Occidentalis|Occidente]]''': [[Kiryat Ono]], [[Ramla]] === Topographia === * '''[[Planitiem Costalis|Planitie Costalis]]''' - [[principale]] [[characteristica]] * '''[[Flumen Ayalon|Flumen Ayalon]]''' - [[flumen]] [[principale]] * '''[[Flumen Yarkon|Flumen Yarkon]]''' - [[meridionalis]] * '''[[Aquae]] [[subterranea|subterranea]]''' - [[aquiferi|Aquiferi]] [[abundantes]] * '''[[Colles]] [[leves|leves]]''' - [[topographia]] [[dolce|dolcis]] == Historia Completa == === Antiquitas Praehistorica === ==== Palaeolithicum ==== * '''[[Erasi Palaeolithi]]''' - [[habitationes]] [[humanae]] * [[Fossilia]] - [[investigationes]] [[archaeologicae]] * [[Loca]] [[vivendi]] [[primitiva]] ==== Neolithicum ==== * '''[[Primae coloniae]] [[agricolae|agricolae]]''' - ~XII millennium [[ante Christum|a.C.]] * [[Villaggia]] [[permanentes]] * [[Domesticatio]] [[animalia|animalium]] * [[Cultivatio]] [[plantas|plantarum]] ==== Aetas Bronzei ==== * '''[[Aetas Bronzei Antiqua]]''' - [[fortificationes|fortificationes]] * [[Civitas]] [[walled|murata]] * [[Commercium]] [[Aegypticum]] === Antiquitas Historica === ==== Periodus Cananaea ==== * '''[[Cananai]]''' - [[habitantes]] [[primordiales]] * [[Regnum]] [[Cananaeae|Cananaeae]] * [[Cultu]] [[Cananaei|Cananaeorum]] - [[Baal]], [[Ashtaroth]] ==== Periodus Filistaea ==== * '''[[Philistini]]''' - [[invasiones]] [[mediterranea|mediterraneae]] * [[Conflictus]] - [[cum]] [[Israelitis]] * [[Loca]] [[bellorum|bellorum]] ==== Periodus Israelita Antiqua ==== * '''[[Regno Israelis]]''' - [[civitas]] [[Israelita|Israelita]] * [[Tribu Ephraim|Tribu Ephraimi]] - [[possessio]] * [[Historia]] [[ecclesiastica|ecclesiastica]] * [[Nomen]] - [[Apek]] vel [[Fiq]] ==== Periodus Babylonica ==== * '''[[Imperium Babylonicum]]''' - [[captivitas]] * '''[[Nabuchodonosor II]]''' - [[destructio]] * [[Populatio]] [[exsilium|exsilii]] ==== Periodus Persica ==== * '''[[Imperium Persicum]]''' - [[provinciae]] [[administratio]] * [[Gubernatores]] [[Persici]] * [[Reconstructio]] [[urbana]] ==== Periodus Hellenistica ==== * '''[[Hellenismus]]''' - [[influentia]] [[Graeca|Graeca]] * '''[[Alexandrum Magnum]]''' - [[post]] * [[Nomen]] [[Graecum]] * [[Moneta]] [[Graeca]] ==== Periodus Maccabaica ==== * '''[[Maccabaei]]''' - [[revolutio]] [[religiosa]] * '''[[Iudas Maccabaeus]]''' - [[conflictus]] * [[Liberatio]] [[Iudaica]] ==== Periodus Romana ==== * '''[[Pompeius Magnus]]''' - [[LXIII]] [[ante Christum|a.C.]] * '''[[Provincia Syria Palaestina]]''' * '''[[Via Maris]]''' - [[strata]] [[magna|magna]] * '''[[Herodes Magnus]]''' - [[renovatio]] * [[Bellum Iudaicum Primum]] - [[LXX]] [[anno|A.D.]] * '''[[Titus]]''' - [[imperator]] ==== Periodus Byzantinus ==== * '''[[Christianitas]]''' - [[adopta]] [[officialis|officialiter]] * [[Constantinus I|Constantinus]] - [[CCCXXVII]] [[anno|A.D.]] * [[Ecclesiae]] - [[constructae|constructae]] ==== Periodus Islamicus ==== * '''[[Califatus Rashidun]]''' - [[DCXXXII]] * '''[[Umar ibn al-Khattab]]''' - [[Calipha]] * [[Califatus Umayyad]] - [[DCXLI]]-[[DCCL]] * [[Califatus Abbasid]] - [[DCCL]]-[[MCCCVIII]] * [[Periodus Crusiadum]] - [[bellum]] [[Christianum|Christianum]]-[[Islamicum]] * [[Mamluk Sultanate|Sultanatus Mamluk]] - [[MCCLXIX]]-[[MDXVII]] ==== Periodus Ottomanicus ==== * '''[[Imperium Ottomanicum]]''' - [[MDXVII]]-[[MCMVIII]] * '''[[Suleiman Magnus]]''' - [[sultanus]] * [[Stagnatio]] [[economica]] * [[Populatio]] [[declinatio|declinatio]] * '''[[XIX Saeculum]]''' - [[reformae]] [[Tanzimat|Tanzimat]] === Historia Moderna === ==== XIX Saeculum - Initiatio Coloniae ==== ===== MDCCCLXXVIII - Fundatio Petach Tikva ===== * '''[[MDCCCLXXVIII]]''' - [[anno]] [[fundationis]] * '''[[Coloniae]] [[primae]] [[Iudaicae]]''' - [[initiatio]] * '''[[Esra Nissim]]''' - [[visionarius]] et [[leader]] * [[Agricultores]] - [[XXI]] [[familiae]] * [[Terra]] [[deserta|deserta]] - [[reclamatio|reclama]] * [[Aquae]] - [[fontium]] [[naturales]] * [[Moshava]] - [[structura]] [[primi]] * [[Villagi]] - [[housing]] [[arrangemento]] ===== MDCCCLVIII - MDCCCC - Periodus Primae Expansio ===== * '''[[Periodus]] [[difficultosa|difficultosa]]''' - [[fames]], [[malaria]] * [[Malaria]] - [[plaga]] [[devastans]] * [[Mortalitas]] - [[alta|alta]] * [[Abandonementa]] [[temporanea|temporanea]] * [[Perseverantia]] - [[settlers]] [[determinati]] * [[Aquae]] [[systemae]] - [[improuvemento]] * [[Drenaggio]] - [[paludium|paludium]] * [[Agricultura]] [[experimentalis]] ===== Periodus Stabilizationis ===== * '''[[MDCCCC]] - [[MCMXV]]''' - [[periodus]] [[establishment|stabilitatis]] * [[Agricultura]] [[progressus]] - [[citrus]], [[cereales]] * [[Florarii]] - [[cultivatio]] [[flowers|florum]] * [[Populatio]] [[crescens]] - [[immigrants]] * [[Infrastructura]] [[improvements]] * [[Scholae]] - [[education]] [[establishment]] ===== Periodus Mandatum Britannicum ===== * '''[[MCMXX]]''' - [[Mandatum Britannicum]] [[initiatio]] * '''[[Arthur Balfour|Balfour Declaration]]''' - [[MCMXVII]] * [[Developmentum]] [[urbanus|urbanus]] [[acceleratus]] * [[Immigratio]] [[crescens]] * [[Tensiones]] [[crescentes]] ===== Periodus Mandatum Florens ===== * '''[[MCMXX]] - [[MCMXXXVI]]''' - [[periodus]] [[relativa]] [[pacis]] * [[Infrastructura]] [[moderna]] [[expansio]] - [[Ferroviaria]] [[statio]] - [[Viae]] [[systemae]] - [[Electricitas]] [[planae]] * [[Industriae]] [[establishment]] - [[Florarii]] [[expansion]] - [[Citrus]] [[export]] - [[Agricultura]] [[technologia]] * [[Culturalis]] [[development]] - [[Theatrum]] - [[performances]] - [[Scholae]] - [[multiplication]] - [[Bibliothecae]] - [[Musaea]] * [[Populatio]] - [[XXX]] milia ===== Periodus Mandatum Tarda - Conflictus ===== * '''[[MCMXXXVI]] - [[MCMXVIII]]''' - [[tensiones]] [[crescentes]] * '''[[Rebellio Arabica]]''' - [[MCMXXXVI]]-[[MCMXXXIX]] * [[Violentia]] - [[crescentia]] * [[Conflictus]] - [[Iudaeo-Arabica|Iudaeo-Arabici]] * [[Petach Tikva]] - [[centro]] [[tensionum]] * [[Represalia]] [[mutua]] * '''[[Bellum Mundialis II]]''' - [[effectus]] [[indeirectus]] ==== XX Saeculum - Statum Israelis ==== ===== Bellum Independentiae ===== * '''[[MCMXLVIII]]''' - [[Declaratio Independentiae]] * '''[[Bellum Independentiae]]''' - [[MCMXLVIII]]-[[MCMXLIX]] * [[Petach Tikva]] - [[centru]] [[militaris|militaris]] * '''[[Operatio Nachshon]]''' - [[strategia]] * [[Evacuatio]] [[Arabica|Arabica]] * [[Occupatio]] [[Israelis]] * '''[[Kibbutzim Adjacentes]]''' - [[defense]] ===== Periodus Constructionis ===== * '''[[MCMXLIX]] - [[MCMLXVII]]''' - [[developmentum]] * [[Immigratio]] [[massiva]] - [[Holocaust survivors]] * [[Residentia]] [[nova]] * [[Infrastructura]] [[expansion]] * [[Industriales]] [[fabrica]] * [[Populatio]] - [[L]] milia ===== Bellum Sextae Diei ===== * '''[[MCMLXVIII]]''' - [[Bellum Sextae Diei]] * [[Petach Tikva]] - [[locatio]] [[strategica]] ===== Periodus Pacem Relativa ===== * '''[[MCMLXVIII]] - [[MCMLXXIII]]''' - [[periodus]] [[pacis]] * [[Developmentum]] [[urbanus|urbanus]] [[acceleratus]] * [[Technologia]] [[introducatio]] * [[Servicii]] [[expansion]] * [[Cultura]] [[renaissance|renaissance]] ===== Bellum Yom Kippur ===== * '''[[MCMLXXIII]]''' - [[Bellum Yom Kippur]] * [[Petach Tikva]] - [[support]] [[militaris]] * [[Civilis]] [[disruption|disruptio]] ===== Periodus Pacem - Late XX Saeculum ===== * '''[[MCMLXXIX]]''' - [[Tractatus]] [[pacem|pacis]] [[Aegyptius]] * [[Menachem Begin|Begin]] - [[Primarius civicus]] * [[Developmentum]] [[acceleratus]] * [[Technologia]] [[introducatio]] ===== MCMXC - MM - Processus Pacem ===== * '''[[MCMXCIII]]''' - [[Processus Oslo]] * [[Initiatio]] [[pacem|pacis]] [[processus]] * [[Petach Tikva]] - [[civitas]] [[prospera]] * [[Economica]] [[boom]] * [[High-Tech]] [[centrumi]] ===== MM - MMXX ===== * '''[[MMII]]''' - [[Intifada Secundae]] * [[Conflictus]] [[crescentes]] * [[Securitas]] [[measures]] * [[MMXIV]]''' - [[Bellum Gaza]] * [[Resilientia]] [[civica]] * [[Technologia]] [[dominatio]] * [[Startup]] [[hub]] ===== MMXX - Hodierna ===== * '''[[MMXX]]''' - [[COVID-19 Pandemica]] * [[Economica]] [[turbulentia]] * [[Innovation]] [[continuus]] * [[Developmentum]] [[urbanus]] == Archaeologia == === Sitae Archaeologicae === * '''[[Tel Aphek]]''' - [[proximae]] - [[fortifications|fortificationes]] - [[pottery|ceramica]] - [[multi-strata|strata multiplex]] * '''[[Excavationes]]''' - [[periodicas]] * [[Findae]] - [[various]] [[periods]] === Periodi Archaeologici === * [[Palaeolithicum]], [[Neolithicum]], [[Chalcolithicum]] * [[Bronzei Aetas]], [[Ferreum Aetas]] * [[Persica]], [[Hellenistica]], [[Romana]] * [[Byzantina]], [[Islamica]], [[Ottomanica]] * [[Moderni]] == Religiones et Loca Sacra == === Iudaismus === ==== Significantia Iudaica ==== * '''[[Petach Tikva]]''' - [[centru]] [[sionismi|sionisticum]] * [[Coloniae]] [[Iudaicae]] [[primus]] * [[Theodor Herzl|Herzl]] - [[visionarius]] * [[Immigratio]] - [[religiosa]] [[motivatio]] ==== Synagogae ==== * [[Synagoga]] [[Principale]] * [[Synagoga]] [[Orthoxa]] * [[Synagoga]] [[Traditionalis]] * [[Synagoga]] [[Masorti]] * [[Yeshivot]] - [[seminaria]] * [[Batei Midrash]] - [[study halls]] === Christianitas === * [[Ecclesia]] [[Graeca]] * [[Ecclesia]] [[Melkita]] * [[Cappella]] [[Maronita]] === Islamismus === * [[Moschea]] - [[religiosa]] [[centers]] * [[Waqf]] - [[terra]] [[religiosa]] * [[Cemeteria]] === Syncretismus === * [[Coexistentia]] [[religious]] * [[Interfaith]] [[dialogue]] == Architectura et Structurae == === Architectura Antigua === * [[Aqueductus]] - [[ruins]] * [[Fortifications|Fortificationes]] * [[Religious structures|Structurae religiose]] === Moderni Architectura === ==== Periodus Mandatum ==== * [[Statio Ferroviaria]] - [[MCMXX]] * [[Government Buildings]] * [[Residential Districts]] ==== Periodus Post-Israelis ==== * [[Residentia]] [[moderna]] * [[Centri Commerciales]] * [[Officium Buildings]] * [[Scholae]] - [[architectura]] * [[Hospitalia]] ==== Architectura Contemporanea ==== * [[High-Rise Buildings]] * [[Shopping Malls]] * [[Tech Hubs]] * [[Residential Towers]] * [[Parci Publici]] - [[designa]] == Populatio et Demographia == === Crescentia Populationis === {| class="wikitable" |- ! [[Anno]] ! [[Populatio]] ! [[Notae]] |- | [[MDCCCLXXVIII]] | 20 | [[Fundatio]] |- | [[MDCCCC]] | 500 | [[Prima]] [[expansion]] |- | [[MCMXX]] | 5,000 | [[Mandatum]] [[periodae]] |- | [[MCMXVIII]] | 15,000 | [[War]] [[periodae]] |- | [[MCMXLIX]] | 30,000 | [[Post-War]] |- | [[MM]] | 180,000 | [[Growth]] |- | [[MMXVI]] | 220,000 | [[Peak]] |- | [[MMXXVI]] | 230,000 | [[Hodierna]] |} === Ethnicitas === * '''[[Iudaei]]''' - ~LXXX% - [[Ashkenazi]] - ~XXXV% - [[Sephardi]] - ~XXVIII% - [[Mizrahi]] - ~XII% - [[Ethiopes]] - ~V% * '''[[Arabici Israelenses]]''' - ~XV% * '''[[Migrantes]] [[externi]]''' - ~V% === Religio Distribuita === * [[Iudaismus]] - ~LXXX% * [[Islamismus]] - ~XII% * [[Christianitas]] - ~VII% * [[Aliae]] - ~I% == Economica et Industria == === Historia Economica === ==== Agricultura Initiatis ==== * '''[[Florarii]]''' - [[primus]] [[focus]] * [[Citrus]] [[cultivation]] * [[Cereales]] - [[grains]] * [[Vegetabilia]] * [[Aves Allevamento|Allevamento avium]] ==== Industria Manufacturae ==== * [[Plastica]] - [[fabricae]] * [[Textilia]] - [[cloth]] * [[Metalurgica]] * [[Alimentaria]] - [[processing]] * [[Chimicalium]] ==== Technologia Boom ==== * '''[[High-Tech]] [[Revolution]]''' - [[MCMXC+]] * [[Softaware]] - [[companiae]] * [[Startups]] - [[multae]] * [[Venture Capital]] - [[funding]] * [[Innovation]] [[ecosystem]] === Industria Contemporanea === ==== Agricultura ==== * [[Florarii]] - [[export]] [[worldwide]] * [[Citrus]] - [[oranges]], [[lemons]] * [[Avocado]] - [[specialty]] * [[Vegetables]] - [[modern|modernae]] [[greenhouse]] * [[Dairy]] - [[products]] ==== Manufacturae ==== * [[Plastica]] - [[components]] * [[Metalurgica]] - [[industrial]] * [[Textilia]] - [[fabrica]] * [[Food Processing]] * [[Chemical Manufacturing]] * [[Furniture]] - [[fabrica]] ==== Technologia ==== * [[Software Companies]] - [[hundreds|centum+]] * [[Cybersecurity]] - [[specialists]] * [[Artificial Intelligence|AI]] - [[research]] * [[Biotech]] - [[companies]] * [[Electronics]] - [[manufacturing]] * [[Telecommunications]] ==== Commercium et Servicii ==== * [[Shopping Malls]] - [[major]] * [[Markets]] - [[farmers']], [[flower]] * [[Restaurants]] - [[multae]] * [[Tourism]] - [[hotels]] * [[Financial Services]] * [[Real Estate]] ==== Logistica ==== * [[Distribution Centers]] * [[Warehouses]] - [[multae]] * [[Transportation]] - [[trucking]] * [[Freight Handling]] === Firmas Celebrissimae === * [[Tase Ltd.]] - [[flowers]] * [[Kibbutz Industries]] * [[High-Tech Startups]] - [[multae]] * [[Venture Capital Firms]] == Infrastructura == === Transportatio === ==== Viae ==== * [[Route 4]] - [[Tel Aviv]] - [[Jerusalem]] - [[intersectio]] [[Petach Tikva]] - [[major]] [[axis]] * [[Route 40]] - [[north]]-[[south]] * [[Route 44]] - [[local]] * [[Route 5]] - [[Haifa]] - [[Tel Aviv]] * [[Route 465]] - [[local]] ==== Ferroviaria ==== * '''[[Statio Ferroviaria Petach Tikva]]''' - [[principale]] - [[constructio]] - [[MCMXX]] - [[renovatio]] - [[MMXX]] - [[liniae]] [[multae]] * [[Central Line]] - [[Tel Aviv]] - [[Jerusalem]] * [[Service Regional]] * [[Express Trains]] - [[Jerusalem]] ==== Autobuses ==== * [[Egged|Egged Autobus]] * [[Dan]] * [[Local Routes]] * [[Intercity Services]] === Viae et Conexiones === * '''[[Distantiae]]''' - Ad [[Tel Aviv]]: [[XV]] [[chilometri]] - Ad [[Ierusalem]]: [[L]] [[chilometri]] - Ad [[Haifa]]: [[C]] [[chilometri]] - Ad [[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]]: [[XXXV]] [[chilometri]] === Utilitas === ==== Aquae ==== * '''[[Aquae]] [[distributio]]''' - [[Water Authority]] - [[national]] - [[Systemae]] [[distributio|distributional]] - [[Desalinatio]] - [[regional]] - [[Recycling]] - [[graywater]] * [[Aquiferi]] - [[Sharon Aquifer]] - [[Yarkon Aquifer]] ==== Electricitas ==== * '''[[Israel Electric Company]]''' - [[Distributio]] - [[network]] - [[Renewable]] [[energy]] - [[Solar Panels]] - [[installations]] - [[Efficiency]] [[programs]] ==== Communicationes ==== * [[Telephonia]] - [[Cellularis]] [[networks]] - [[Providers]] - [[major]] - [[5G]] - [[coverage]] * [[Broadband Internet]] - [[High-Speed]] - [[Providers]] - [[multiple]] * [[Radio]] et [[Television]] ==== Gas ==== * [[Natural Gas Distribution]] * [[Consumer Supply]] == Educatio == === Instituta Superiora === * [[Tel Aviv University]] - [[campus]] * [[Herzliya]] - [[Academic]] [[college]] * [[Open University Israel]] - [[campus]] * [[Research Centers]] - [[various]] === Scholae == ==== Scholae Primaria ==== * [[XL]]+ [[scholae]] * [[Government]] [[schooles]] * [[Private]] [[schooles]] * [[Arab-Language]] [[schools]] ==== Scholae Secundaria ==== * [[XXII]]+ [[scholae]] * [[Academic]] [[schools]] * [[Technical]] [[schools]] * [[Vocational]] [[training]] ==== Aliae Institutiones ==== * [[Yeshivot]] - [[Jewish]] [[study]] * [[Madrassahs]] - [[Islamic]] [[study]] * [[Adult]] [[education]] * [[Pre-Schools]] === Bibliotecae === * [[Bibliothecam Publicum]] - [[centrale]] * [[Municipal]] [[library]] * [[School]] [[libraries]] * [[Academic]] [[libraries]] == Cultura et Arte == === Musaea === ==== Musaeum Petach Tikva ==== * '''[[Municipal]] [[Museum]]''' - [[Historia]] [[civitatis]] - [[Antiquitates]] - [[Art]] [[exhibitions]] ==== Aliae Musaea ==== * [[Art Museum]] * [[History]] [[Museum]] * [[Agricultural]] [[Museum]] === Theatrum === * [[Theatrum]] [[Principale]] * [[Cinemata]] - [[theaters]] * [[Concert Halls]] * [[Performance Venues]] === Galleriae === * [[Local]] [[galleries]] * [[Artist Studios]] * [[Street Art]] - [[murales]] * [[Sculptures]] [[public]] === Festivales === ==== Festivales Annuales ==== * '''[[Festival Civitatis]]''' - [[anniversarium]] * '''[[Festival Floriae]]''' - [[flowers]] * '''[[Festival Musicae]]''' - [[summer]] * '''[[Festival Artis]]''' - [[visual]] * '''[[Biennale]]''' - [[contemporary]] ==== Festivales Religiose ==== * [[Pesach]] - [[Passover]] * [[Shavuot]] - [[Weeks]] * [[Sukkot]] - [[Tabernacles]] * [[Chanukah]] - [[Dedication]] * [[Eid al-Fitr]] - [[Islamic]] * [[Eid al-Adha]] - [[Islamic]] * [[Easter]] - [[Christian]] * [[Christmas]] - [[Christian]] == Medica et Salutes == === Hospitalia === * [[Beilinson Hospital]] - [[Rabin Medical Center|Rabin]] - [[tertiary]] [[hospital]] - [[research]] [[center]] - [[trauma]] [[center]] * [[Clalit Health Services]] - [[cliniae]] * [[Maccabi Healthcare]] - [[cliniae]] * [[Leumit]] - [[cliniae]] === Cliniae Ambulatoria === * [[HMO Organizations]] * [[Health Insurance]] * [[Pharmaciae]] - [[multae]] * [[Laboratories]] * [[Dental Clinics]] * [[Pediatria]] === Mental Health === * [[Psychological]] [[services]] * [[Psychiatric]] [[treatment]] * [[Rehabilitation]] [[centri]] === Public Health === * [[Health Department]] * [[Vaccination]] [[programs]] * [[Disease Prevention]] * [[Health Promotion]] == Securitas et Administratio == === Municipalis Governo === * '''[[Municipality Petach Tikva]]''' - [[Mayor|Primarius civicus]] - [[City Council]] - [[31 membri]] - [[Departmenta]] - [[varia]] === Legalis Sistema === * [[Ius Israelense]] * [[District Court]] * [[Local Courts]] * [[Law Enforcement]] === Policium === * '''[[Israel Police]]''' - [[Petach Tikva station]] * [[Community]] [[policing]] * [[Traffic]] [[police]] * [[Investigative]] [[units]] === Securitas Civilis === * [[Home Front Command]] * [[Emergency Services]] * [[Fire Department]] * [[Rescue Services]] * [[Civil Defense]] == Media et Communicationes == === Gazetta === * [[Local Newspapers]] * [[Israeli Newspapers]] * [[Online]] [[publications]] * [[Journalism]] === Radiotelevisio === * [[Kan]] - [[Israeli Broadcasting]] * [[Private Channels]] * [[Cable]] [[TV]] * [[Streaming]] [[services]] === Internet === * [[Local Portals]] * [[Social Media]] * [[Municipality Website]] * [[Online Services]] == Climata et Environmentum == === Climata === * '''[[Clima Mediterraneum]]''' - [[temperatum]] * '''[[Temperatura]]''' - [[Summer|Aestas]]: [[XXVIII]]-[[XXX]]°C - [[Winter|Hiems]]: [[IX]]-[[XV]]°C - [[Annual Average]]: ~[[XX]]°C * '''[[Pluviae]]''' - [[Annual]]: [[DC]]-[[DCCCC]] mm - [[Rainy Season]]: [[November]]-[[March]] - [[Dry Season]]: [[May]]-[[September]] * '''[[Humiditas]]''': [[Alta]] - [[maritime]] * '''[[Ventus]]''': [[Westerly]] ab [[mare]] === Flora et Fauna === * [[Mediterranean Vegetation]] * [[Local]] [[wildlife]] * [[Parks|Parci]] - [[naturales]] * [[Gardens|Horti]] - [[publici]] === Conservatio === * [[Green Initiatives]] * [[Recycling]] [[programs]] * [[Energy]] [[efficiency]] * [[Water]] [[conservation]] * [[Renewable]] [[energy]] == Divisiones Administrativae == === Neighborhoods === * '''[[Neighborhood]]''' [[principalis]] - [[Old Petach Tikva]] - [[historical]] - [[Central]] - [[business|commercium]] - [[Northern]] - [[residential]] - [[Southern]] - [[residential]] - [[Eastern]] - [[industrial]] - [[Western]] - [[residential]] == Nexus cum Regionibus == === Civitates Proximae === * [[Tel Aviv]] - [[XV]] [[chilometri]] [[south]] * [[Ramat Gan]] - [[VIII]] [[chilometri]] [[south]] * [[Giv'atayim]] - [[XIII]] [[chilometri]] [[southwest]] * [[Ramla]] - [[XXI]] [[chilometri]] [[east]] * [[Kfar Saba]] - [[XII]] [[chilometri]] [[north]] * [[Ramat Hasharon]] - [[VIII]] [[chilometri]] [[north]] === Regiones === * [[Mediridionalis Sharon]] - [[pars]] * [[Montes Iudaeae]] - [[east]] * [[Planitiem Costalis]] - [[geography]] == Personae Notabiles == === Founders === * '''[[Esra Nissim]]''' - [[founder|fundator]] * [[Colonists]] - [[pioneers]] === Moderni Leaders === * [[Mayors]] - [[various]] * [[Community Leaders]] * [[Intellectuales]] * [[Artists]] * [[Businessmen|Mercatores]] == Nexus Externi == === Officiales === * [[https://www.petach-tikva.muni.il/|Municipality Official Website]] * [[Wikidata]]: [[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179880|Q179880]] * [[Wikipedia English]]: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petach_Tikva|Petach Tikva]] * [[Wikipedia Hebrew]]: [[https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/פתח_תקווה|פתח תקווה]] === Turistica === * [[Israel Tourism]] - [[informationes]] * [[Guidebooks]] - [[city]] * [[Accommodatio]] - [[hotels]] * [[Restaurants]] === Archaeologia === * [[Israel Antiquities Authority]] * [[Excavation]] [[reports]] * [[Research]] [[institutions]] === Transportatio === * [[Israeli Railways]] - [[https://www.rail.co.il/]] * [[Egged Bus]] - [[https://egged.co.il/]] * [[Ben Gurion Airport]] === Medica === * [[Rabin Medical Center]] * [[Health Services]] * [[Clinics]] == Bibliotheca == === Libri Principale === * [[Stern, Ephraim]] (editor). ''[[The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations]]''. [[Israel Exploration Society]], 1993. * [[Finkelstein, Israel]]; [[Silberman, Neil Asher]]. ''[[The Bible Unearthed]]''. [[Free Press]], 2002. * [[Avi-Yonah, Michael]]. ''[[The Holy Land from Persian to Arab Conquest]]''. [[Baker Book House]], 1978. * [[Broshi, Magen]]. ''[[Bread, Wine, Oil and Coal]]''. [[Magnes Press]], 1986. * [[Hirschfeld, Yizhar]]. ''[[The Palestinian Dwelling in Roman-Byzantine Period]]''. [[Israel Exploration Society]], 1995. * [[Schama, Simon]]. ''[[Landscape and Memory]]''. [[Knopf]], 1995. === Articuli Academici === * [[JSTOR]] - [[academic]] * [[Academia.edu]] - [[research]] * [[Google Scholar]] - [[search]] == Categoriae == [[Categoria:Civitates Israelis]] [[Categoria:Petach Tikva]] [[Categoria:Coloniae Priores]] [[Categoria:Mater Coloniarum]] [[Categoria:Archaeologia Situs]] [[Categoria:Religiosa Loca]] [[Categoria:Mediridionalis Sharon]] [[Categoria:Geographia Israelis]] [[Categoria:Historia Israelis]] [[Categoria:Technologia Centerium]] [[Categoria:Industriae Centerium]] [[Categoria:Educationis Instituta]] [[Categoria:Medica Servicii]] [[Categoria:Culturae Centerium]] [[Categoria:Turismus]] [[Categoria:Multireligiosa Communitates]] [[Categoria:Economica Hubs]] [[Categoria:Startups Centerium]] [[Categoria:XIX Saeculum Settlements]] [[Categoria:XX-XXI Saeculum]] == Nexus Internae Densae == * [[Israele]] - [[nationalis context]] * [[Tel Aviv]] - [[civitas]] [[major]] [[south]] * [[Ierusalem]] - [[caput]] * [[Haifa]] - [[civitas]] [[north]] * [[Ramla]] - [[civitas]] [[east]] * [[Kfar Saba]] - [[civitas]] [[north]] * [[Ramat Hasharon]] - [[civitas]] [[adjacent]] * [[Giv'atayim]] - [[suburb]] [[south]] * [[Ramat Gan]] - [[civitas]] [[south]] * [[Rishon LeZion]] - [[civitas]] [[south]] * [[Rehovot]] - [[civitas]] [[southeast]] * [[Aeroportus Ben Gurion]] - [[international]] * [[Ferroviaria Israelis]] - [[transportation]] * [[Route 4]] - [[viae principalis]] * [[Route 40]] - [[viae nord-sud]] * [[Route 5]] - [[autostrada]] * [[Mediridionalis Sharon]] - [[regionem]] * [[Montes Iudaeae]] - [[geography]] * [[Planitiem Costalis]] - [[planitiem]] * [[Mare Mediterraneum]] - [[mare]] * [[Flumen Ayalon]] - [[flumen]] * [[Flumen Yarkon]] - [[flumen]] * [[Aquiferi Sharon]] - [[aquae]] * [[Synagoga]] - [[Iudaica]] * [[Yeshiva]] - [[education]] * [[Moschea]] - [[Islamica]] * [[Ecclesia]] - [[Christiana]] * [[Talmud]] - [[literaria]] * [[Theodor Herzl]] - [[founder]] [[spiritual]] * [[Sionismus]] - [[ideologia]] * [[Historia Israelis]] - [[context]] * [[Agricoltura Israelis]] - [[economica]] * [[Industria Israelis]] - [[manufacturae]] * [[Technologia Israelis]] - [[high-tech]] * [[Startups Israelis]] - [[innovation]] * [[Educatio Israelis]] - [[scholae]] * [[Medica Israelis]] - [[healthcare]] * [[Religio in Israele]] - [[multireligiosa]] * [[Cultura Israelis]] - [[arte]], [[musica]] * [[Archaeologia Palestinae]] - [[excavationes]] * [[Antiquitates Romanae]] - [[period]] * [[Byzantina Imperium]] - [[period]] * [[Islamica Historia]] - [[period]] * [[Crusades]] - [[medieval]] * [[Ottomanica Imperium]] - [[period]] * [[Mandatum Britannicum]] - [[XX s.]] * [[Bellum Independentiae Israelis]] - [[MCMXLVIII]] * [[Securitas Israelis]] - [[administratio]] * [[Militaris Historia]] - [[conflictus]] * [[Environmentum]] - [[natura]] * [[Energia Renewabilis]] - [[sustainability]] * [[Aquae Systemae]] - [[utilities]] * [[Communicationes]] - [[media]] * [[Lingua Hebraica]] - [[communicatio]] * [[Lingua Arabica]] - [[communicatio]] * [[Lingua Latina]] - [[etymology]] * [[Turismus Israelis]] - [[hospitale]] * [[Economica Regionalis]] - [[commerce]] * [[Florarii]] - [[agricultura]] * [[Citrus]] - [[exportatio]] * [[Softaware]] - [[technologia]] * [[Cybersecurity]] - [[innovation]] * [[Artificial Intelligence]] - [[research]] * [[Rabin Medical Center]] - [[medicina]] * [[HMO]] - [[healthcare]] mz4938imhbpbm12z9bq2ixs79yi84zz 0 328376 3986842 3986803 2026-09-09T12:21:53Z IacobusAmor 1163 3986842 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Experimentum mentale]], , 34bvlgkviqir2pzv1t4whoo43tszewj 3986843 3986842 2026-09-09T12:22:03Z IacobusAmor 1163 3986843 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Experimentum mentale]] , np19vx2fzx2tmxuqgfzmrmqvcfhruhj 3986880 3986843 2026-09-09T14:10:15Z Grufo 64423 3986880 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Experimentum mentale]] fxipvgw8ngbjychvc12kplpg6ixnhzp 0 328384 3986846 2026-09-09T12:25:34Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Sehlem]] ad [[Sehlemum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3986846 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Sehlemum]] lsfird4yiugjj51i6mhxq13k1e4q0u4 0 328385 3986858 2026-09-09T12:46:18Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Woltershausen]] ad [[Woltershusa]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3986858 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Woltershusa]] 7g5mqyghc0ibt3xsy1kkhwg2ubtr5vb 0 328386 3986868 2026-09-09T13:05:33Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Neuhof]] ad [[Nova Curia (Lamespringa)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3986868 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nova Curia (Lamespringa)]] 2fwqddz3szhtlkkh0x6ldyv4qlm1iwv 0 328387 3986887 2026-09-09T14:25:45Z Asorev 166785 Paginam instituit, scribens '{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Boris Georgii filius Perčatkin''' (Russice: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; natus [[1 Iulii]] [[1946]], [[Myrhorod]], RSS Ucrainica, [[Unio Sovietica]]) est propugnator iurum humanorum et dux religiosus Sovieticus et Americanus. Unus ex praecipuis fautoribus motus emigrationis religiosae in urbe [[Nakhodka]] annis 1970 exeuntibus et 1980 ineuntibus fuit<ref name="ostrovskaya">{{Cite book|last=Остр...' 3986887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Boris Georgii filius Perčatkin''' (Russice: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; natus [[1 Iulii]] [[1946]], [[Myrhorod]], RSS Ucrainica, [[Unio Sovietica]]) est propugnator iurum humanorum et dux religiosus Sovieticus et Americanus. Unus ex praecipuis fautoribus motus emigrationis religiosae in urbe [[Nakhodka]] annis 1970 exeuntibus et 1980 ineuntibus fuit<ref name="ostrovskaya">{{Cite book|last=Островская|first=О.П.|chapter=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг.|title=Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|publisher=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|location=[[Khabarovsk]]|date=2017-06-23|pages=65–71|language=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. Unus ex primis activistas fuit qui in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae anno 1989 lationem "Emendationis Lautenberg" impetravit, quae lex amplius unum millionem hominum e terris pristinae [[Unio Sovietica|Unionis Sovieticae]] in Civitates Foederatas emigrare permisit<ref name="nashaamerica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|title=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|website=www.nashaamerica.com|access-date=2023-09-26|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref><ref name="romanovich">{{Cite web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|title=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|website=spasenie.by|author=Михаил Романович|access-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. == Vita == === Annis primis et ingressus in ecclesiam === Boris Perčatkin in familia gubernatoris aeroplani militaris natus est; pater eius Boris paulo post filii nativitatem calamitate aeria periit. Mater Borisis post obitum primi mariti alteri officiali nupsit, qui anno 1953 inter motus in Unione Sovietica ob imperium militare repudiatum comprehensus et ad 25 annos in castris captivorum [[Vorkuta]] damnatus est. Aetate 16 annorum, Boris ecclesiam Pentecostalem in urbe Nakhodka invenit et baptismum accepit. Postea notitias de persecutione fidelium in Unione Sovietica colligere coepit et has per rotaprintum multiplicatas diurnariis externis tradidit<ref name="semenova">{{Cite web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|title=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|website=usa.one|author=Виктория Семёнова|date=2020-01-03|access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. === Motus emigrationis et dissidentia (1976–1980) === Anno 1976, Perčatkin cum sociis suis Vasili Patrushev, V. A. Burlachenko et Vladimir Stepanov nexum cum [[Dissidentes Sovietici|dissidentibus]] [[Moscua]]e constituit et cursum "motus emigrationis" coepit. Eodem tempore L. V. Voronina, legata [[Grex Moscuae Helsinkiensis]], Nakhodkam venit. Ex eo tempore Perčatkin ordinate exitum Pentecostalium ex [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]] ordinare coepit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Appellationes ad [[Consociatio Nationum|Nations Unitas]], [[Consilium Oecumenicum Ecclesiarum]] et duces civitatum quae [[Pacta Helsinkiensia]] obsignaverunt misit, persecutionem fidelium in USSR denuntians<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. Anno 1977, una cum Nikolai Goretoy dissidentes comprehensos [[Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Yuri Orlov]] et [[Anatoly Sharansky]] defendit et epistulam apertam ad politicos mundi nomine Pentecostalium scripsit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Eodem anno cum aliis Christianis inaniam protestationis ad ius liberae emigrationis ex USSR postulandum exercuit<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|title=Dissidents fast across USSR|newspaper=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=1977-10-09|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. Die [[20 Decembris]] [[1978]], Perčatkin e cursuali Nakhodkae telegramma Anni Novi ad [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|Praesidem Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Iacobus Earl Carter]] misit, auxilium ad libertatem religiosam et ius emigrationis tuendum petens<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="nashaamerica"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|title=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|author=Андрей Дементьев|publisher=Русский остров|year=2011|pages=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Ab anno 1979, Centrum Emigrationis unitae Pentecostalium ex USSR exire volentium rexit. Anno 1980 secretarius Consilii Ecclesiarum Pentecostalium Sovieticarum ad emigrandum electus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. In fine anni 1979, Perčatkin declarationem ad parlamenta et gubernationes Civitatum Foederatarum, Canadae, Australiae, Britanniarum Regni, Germaniae Occidentalis, Franciae et Italiae paravit, in qua veram condicionem religiosam, consilia Factionis Communisticae ad ecclesiam delendam et violationes legum religiosarum exposuit<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. === Persecutio et comprehensio === Gubernatio Sovietica contra Perčatkin et familiam eius in ephemeridibus localibus mox acrem campaniam defamationis gessit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Die [[21 Augusti]] [[1980]], Perčatkin Nakhodkae comprehensus est et mense Martio [[1981]]<ref name="dtic">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|title=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref> secundum articulum 190.1 Codicis Poenalis RSFSR ("divulgatio mendaciorum figmentorum statum et ordinem socialem Sovieticum diffamantium") ad 2 annos incarcerationis damnatus est<ref name="dtic"/>. Secundum radiophoniam «[[Voice of America]]», inter interrogationem substantiae psychotropicae (neuroleptica) contra Perčatkin adhibitae sunt<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Mense Augusto 1982, poena expleta, certamen pro emigratione religiosa redintegravit. Mense Februario 1983 iterum comprehensus et secundum articulum 218 partis 2 Codicis Poenalis RSFSR (possessio armorum frigidorum) ad 1.5 annos in castris damnatus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Res diplomaticae et emigratio in Civitates Foederatas === Anno 1987, Perčatkin relationem «De condicione religiosa in USSR» pro Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum paravit. Postquam haec relatio in Congressu praelectorum est, Perčatkin ad conventum cum Secretario Civitatis [[George Shultz]]<ref name="romanovich"/>, Summo Iudice Iudicii Supremi [[William Rehnquist]]<ref name="romanovich"/> et Adiutore Secretarii Civitatis pro Rebus Religiosis vocatus est. Mense Mayo 1988, inter visitationem officialem Praesidis Civitatum Foederatarum [[Ronaldus Reagan]] in USSR ad conveniendum [[Michael Gorbačëv|Michaelem Gorbačëv]], Perčatkin in delegationem 40 dissidentium inclusus est qui cum uxore Reagan — [[Anna Reagan]] convenerunt. In conventu diei [[30 Maii]] [[1988]], ut legatus officialis Protestantium Sovieticorum, fere per duas horas Anna Reagan de statu libertatis religiosae in USSR retulit. Postea Anna Reagan Perčatkin invitavit ut relationem suam in Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum recitaret<ref name="gura">{{Cite journal|last=Гура|first=В.О.|title=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|journal=Гілея: науковий вісник|location=[[Kiovia]]|year=2018|issue=135|pages=171–175|language=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}</ref>. Die [[26 Iulii]] [[1988]], Perčatkin cum familia sua in Civitates Foederatas Americae emigravit<ref name="gura"/><ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Die [[4 Augusti]] [[1988]], in [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum|Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum]] de occidione fidelium in USSR orationem habuit et cum congressionalibus, senatoribus et legatis diplomatiis colloquia gessit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="gura"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|title=Фото|language=ru|website=russiainphoto.ru|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}</ref>. Ex his disputationibus<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|title=25-летие начала исхода|newspaper=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|author=Виталий Футорный|date=2013-08-11|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|archive-date=2024-05-08}}</ref> anno 1989 "Emendatio Lautenberg" lata est, ex nomine senatoris democratici ex civitate Nova Caesarea [[Frank Lautenberg]] vocata. Primo decennio huius emendationis amplius 350 milia perfugarum religiosorum in Civitates Foederatas venerunt<ref name="gura"/><ref name="semenova"/>, et usque ad annum 2010 hic numerus ad 1 millionem pervenit<ref name="romanovich"/>. Emigratio mathematica Pentecostalium ex urbe Nakhodka anno 1988 coepit, quo anno 152 adulti (parvis liberis exclusis) exierunt. Anno 1989 alii 45 adulti Pentecostales ex Nakhodka emigraverunt<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Operatio pro iuribus humanis in Civitatibus Foederatis === In Civitatibus Foederatis constitutus, Perčatkin situm interretialem suum aperuit ubi materias de comprehensione sua, tempore in carcere acto et certamine pro emigratione divulgavit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|title=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|access-date=2023-09-25|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}</ref>. Praeterea societatem Christianam pro iuribus humanis ARRC (American-Russian Relief Committee) condidit<ref name="romanovich"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&pg=PA21|title=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2007|language=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}</ref>. Liber eius autobiographicus «Огненные тропы» ("Semitae igneae") saepius reeditus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Aestate anni 2025, Boris Perčatkin cum legatis Departmentis Status USA et Commissionis de Libertate Religiosa Internationali quaestionem persecutionis Christianorum pacifistarum in Ucraina et Russia, cohibitionem servitii civilis alternativi, conscriptionem militarem coactam, verberationes, arresta, minas ob recusationem participationis in bello, necnon discriminationem et accusationem poenalem excitavit. Hac de causa Perčatkin partitionem praecipuam immigrationis pro Christianis pacifistis Ucrainicis per programma [[Uniting for Ukraine]] (U4U) in USA advenientibus postulavit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|title=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|website=Slavic Sacramento|date=2025-07-15|access-date=2025-11-27|archive-date=2025-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}</ref>. == Memoria == Laureatus Praemii Nobeliani, academicus [[Andreas Sacharov]] in commentatione sua anni 1981 "Responsabilitas eruditorum" Borisem Perčatkin inter captivos politicos Sovieticos commemoravit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|title=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>. == Notae == {{reflist}} == Nexus externi == * [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Situs interretialis officialis Borisis Perčatkin] * {{Cite journal|author=Michael Rowe|title=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=2008-01-02|volume=11|issue=3|pages=337–339|language=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}} * {{Cite journal|author=Catherine Wanner|title=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|journal=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|publisher=Brill Schöningh|date=2010-01|volume=44|issue=1–2|pages=44–66|language=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}} * {{Cite news|author=Special To the New York Times|title=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1979-09-05|access-date=2025-12-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|archive-date=2018-03-10}} [[Categoria:Nati 1946]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Dissidentes Sovietici]] [[Categoria:Propugnatores iurum humanorum]] ndzvd1m0owlyiqrsml4k92hvoydshsi 3986899 3986887 2026-09-09T15:01:41Z Asorev 166785 3986899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Boris Georgii filius Perčatkin''' (Russice: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; natus [[1 Iulii]] [[1946]], [[Myrhorod]], RSS Ucrainica, [[Unio Sovietica]]) est propugnator iurum humanorum et dux religiosus Sovieticus et Americanus. Unus ex praecipuis fautoribus motus emigrationis religiosae in urbe [[Nakhodka]] annis 1970 exeuntibus et 1980 ineuntibus fuit<ref name="ostrovskaya">{{Cite book|last=Островская|first=О.П.|chapter=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг.|title=Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|publisher=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|location=[[Khabarovsk]]|date=2017-06-23|pages=65–71|language=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. Unus ex primis activistas fuit qui in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae anno 1989 lationem "Emendationis Lautenberg" impetravit, quae lex amplius unum millionem hominum e terris pristinae [[Unio Sovietica|Unionis Sovieticae]] in Civitates Foederatas emigrare permisit<ref name="nashaamerica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|title=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|website=www.nashaamerica.com|access-date=2023-09-26|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref><ref name="romanovich">{{Cite web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|title=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|website=spasenie.by|author=Михаил Романович|access-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. == Vita == === Annis primis et ingressus in ecclesiam === Boris Perčatkin in familia gubernatoris aeroplani militaris natus est; pater eius Boris paulo post filii nativitatem calamitate aeria periit. Mater Borisis post obitum primi mariti alteri officiali nupsit, qui anno 1953 inter motus in Unione Sovietica ob imperium militare repudiatum comprehensus et ad 25 annos in castris captivorum [[Vorkuta]] damnatus est. Aetate 16 annorum, Boris ecclesiam Pentecostalem in urbe Nakhodka invenit et baptismum accepit. Postea notitias de persecutione fidelium in Unione Sovietica colligere coepit et has per rotaprintum multiplicatas diurnariis externis tradidit<ref name="semenova">{{Cite web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|title=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|website=usa.one|author=Виктория Семёнова|date=2020-01-03|access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. === Motus emigrationis et dissidentia (1976–1980) === Anno 1976, Perčatkin cum sociis suis Vasili Patrushev, V. A. Burlachenko et Vladimir Stepanov nexum cum [[Dissidentes Sovietici|dissidentibus]] [[Moscua]]e constituit et cursum "motus emigrationis" coepit. Eodem tempore L. V. Voronina, legata [[Grex Moscuae Helsinkiensis]], Nakhodkam venit. Ex eo tempore Perčatkin ordinate exitum Pentecostalium ex [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]] ordinare coepit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Appellationes ad [[Consociatio Nationum|Nations Unitas]], [[Consilium Oecumenicum Ecclesiarum]] et duces civitatum quae [[Pacta Helsinkiensia]] obsignaverunt misit, persecutionem fidelium in USSR denuntians<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. Anno 1977, una cum Nikolai Goretoy dissidentes comprehensos [[Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Yuri Orlov]] et [[Anatoly Sharansky]] defendit et epistulam apertam ad politicos mundi nomine Pentecostalium scripsit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Eodem anno cum aliis Christianis inaniam protestationis ad ius liberae emigrationis ex USSR postulandum exercuit<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf |title=Dissidents fast across USSR|publisher=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=1977-10-09|language=en |location=[[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-26 |pages=2 }}</ref>. Die [[20 Decembris]] [[1978]], Perčatkin e cursuali Nakhodkae telegramma Anni Novi ad [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|Praesidem Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Iacobus Earl Carter]] misit, auxilium ad libertatem religiosam et ius emigrationis tuendum petens<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="nashaamerica"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|title=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|author=Андрей Дементьев|publisher=Русский остров|year=2011|pages=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Ab anno 1979, Centrum Emigrationis unitae Pentecostalium ex USSR exire volentium rexit. Anno 1980 secretarius Consilii Ecclesiarum Pentecostalium Sovieticarum ad emigrandum electus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. In fine anni 1979, Perčatkin declarationem ad parlamenta et gubernationes Civitatum Foederatarum, Canadae, Australiae, Britanniarum Regni, Germaniae Occidentalis, Franciae et Italiae paravit, in qua veram condicionem religiosam, consilia Factionis Communisticae ad ecclesiam delendam et violationes legum religiosarum exposuit<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. === Persecutio et comprehensio === Gubernatio Sovietica contra Perčatkin et familiam eius in ephemeridibus localibus mox acrem campaniam defamationis gessit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Die [[21 Augusti]] [[1980]], Perčatkin Nakhodkae comprehensus est et mense Martio [[1981]]<ref name="dtic">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|title=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref> secundum articulum 190.1 Codicis Poenalis RSFSR ("divulgatio mendaciorum figmentorum statum et ordinem socialem Sovieticum diffamantium") ad 2 annos incarcerationis damnatus est<ref name="dtic"/>. Secundum radiophoniam «[[Voice of America]]», inter interrogationem substantiae psychotropicae (neuroleptica) contra Perčatkin adhibitae sunt<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Mense Augusto 1982, poena expleta, certamen pro emigratione religiosa redintegravit. Mense Februario 1983 iterum comprehensus et secundum articulum 218 partis 2 Codicis Poenalis RSFSR (possessio armorum frigidorum) ad 1.5 annos in castris damnatus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Res diplomaticae et emigratio in Civitates Foederatas === Anno 1987, Perčatkin relationem «De condicione religiosa in USSR» pro Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum paravit. Postquam haec relatio in Congressu praelectorum est, Perčatkin ad conventum cum Secretario Civitatis [[George Shultz]]<ref name="romanovich"/>, Summo Iudice Iudicii Supremi [[William Rehnquist]]<ref name="romanovich"/> et Adiutore Secretarii Civitatis pro Rebus Religiosis vocatus est. Mense Mayo 1988, inter visitationem officialem Praesidis Civitatum Foederatarum [[Ronaldus Reagan]] in USSR ad conveniendum [[Michael Gorbačëv|Michaelem Gorbačëv]], Perčatkin in delegationem 40 dissidentium inclusus est qui cum uxore Reagan — [[Anna Reagan]] convenerunt. In conventu diei [[30 Maii]] [[1988]], ut legatus officialis Protestantium Sovieticorum, fere per duas horas Anna Reagan de statu libertatis religiosae in USSR retulit. Postea Anna Reagan Perčatkin invitavit ut relationem suam in Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum recitaret<ref name="gura">{{Cite journal|last=Гура|first=В.О.|title=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|journal=Гілея: науковий вісник|location=[[Kiovia]]|year=2018|issue=135|pages=171–175|language=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}</ref>. Die [[26 Iulii]] [[1988]], Perčatkin cum familia sua in Civitates Foederatas Americae emigravit<ref name="gura"/><ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Die [[4 Augusti]] [[1988]], in [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum|Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum]] de occidione fidelium in USSR orationem habuit et cum congressionalibus, senatoribus et legatis diplomatiis colloquia gessit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="gura"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|title=Фото|language=ru|website=russiainphoto.ru|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}</ref>. Ex his disputationibus<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|title=25-летие начала исхода|newspaper=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|author=Виталий Футорный|date=2013-08-11|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|archive-date=2024-05-08}}</ref> anno 1989 "Emendatio Lautenberg" lata est, ex nomine senatoris democratici ex civitate Nova Caesarea [[Frank Lautenberg]] vocata. Primo decennio huius emendationis amplius 350 milia perfugarum religiosorum in Civitates Foederatas venerunt<ref name="gura"/><ref name="semenova"/>, et usque ad annum 2010 hic numerus ad 1 millionem pervenit<ref name="romanovich"/>. Emigratio mathematica Pentecostalium ex urbe Nakhodka anno 1988 coepit, quo anno 152 adulti (parvis liberis exclusis) exierunt. Anno 1989 alii 45 adulti Pentecostales ex Nakhodka emigraverunt<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Operatio pro iuribus humanis in Civitatibus Foederatis === In Civitatibus Foederatis constitutus, Perčatkin situm interretialem suum aperuit ubi materias de comprehensione sua, tempore in carcere acto et certamine pro emigratione divulgavit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|title=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|access-date=2023-09-25|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}</ref>. Praeterea societatem Christianam pro iuribus humanis ARRC (American-Russian Relief Committee) condidit<ref name="romanovich"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&pg=PA21|title=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2007|language=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}</ref>. Liber eius autobiographicus «Огненные тропы» ("Semitae igneae") saepius reeditus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Aestate anni 2025, Boris Perčatkin cum legatis Departmentis Status USA et Commissionis de Libertate Religiosa Internationali quaestionem persecutionis Christianorum pacifistarum in Ucraina et Russia, cohibitionem servitii civilis alternativi, conscriptionem militarem coactam, verberationes, arresta, minas ob recusationem participationis in bello, necnon discriminationem et accusationem poenalem excitavit. Hac de causa Perčatkin partitionem praecipuam immigrationis pro Christianis pacifistis Ucrainicis per programma [[Uniting for Ukraine]] (U4U) in USA advenientibus postulavit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|title=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|website=Slavic Sacramento|date=2025-07-15|access-date=2025-11-27|archive-date=2025-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}</ref>. == Memoria == Laureatus Praemii Nobeliani, academicus [[Andreas Sacharov]] in commentatione sua anni 1981 "Responsabilitas eruditorum" Borisem Perčatkin inter captivos politicos Sovieticos commemoravit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|title=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>. == Notae == {{reflist}} == Nexus externi == * [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Situs interretialis officialis Borisis Perčatkin] * {{Cite journal|author=Michael Rowe|title=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=2008-01-02|volume=11|issue=3|pages=337–339|language=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}} * {{Cite journal|author=Catherine Wanner|title=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|journal=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|publisher=Brill Schöningh|date=2010-01|volume=44|issue=1–2|pages=44–66|language=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}} * {{Cite news|author=Special To the New York Times|title=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1979-09-05|access-date=2025-12-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|archive-date=2018-03-10}} [[Categoria:Nati 1946]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Dissidentes Sovietici]] [[Categoria:Propugnatores iurum humanorum]] 40nbwkrprfbk5xhnl96i2ibskztwv1b 3986938 3986899 2026-09-09T17:34:04Z Asorev 166785 3986938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Boris Georgii filius Perčatkin''' (Russice: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; natus [[1 Iulii]] [[1946]], [[Mirogroda]], RSS Ucrainica, [[Unio Sovietica]]) est propugnator iurum humanorum et dux religiosus Sovieticus et Americanus. Unus ex praecipuis fautoribus motus emigrationis religiosae in urbe [[Nakhodka]] annis 1970 exeuntibus et 1980 ineuntibus fuit<ref name="ostrovskaya">{{Cite book|last=Островская|first=О.П.|chapter=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг.|title=Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|publisher=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|location=[[Khabarovsk]]|date=2017-06-23|pages=65–71|language=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. Unus ex primis activistas fuit qui in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae anno 1989 lationem "Emendationis Lautenberg" impetravit, quae lex amplius unum millionem hominum e terris pristinae [[Unio Sovietica|Unionis Sovieticae]] in Civitates Foederatas emigrare permisit<ref name="nashaamerica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|title=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|website=www.nashaamerica.com|access-date=2023-09-26|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|archive-date=2023-09-26}}</ref><ref name="romanovich">{{Cite web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|title=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|website=spasenie.by|author=Михаил Романович|access-date=2023-09-26}}</ref>. == Vita == === Annis primis et ingressus in ecclesiam === Boris Perčatkin in familia gubernatoris aeroplani militaris natus est; pater eius Boris paulo post filii nativitatem calamitate aeria periit. Mater Borisis post obitum primi mariti alteri officiali nupsit, qui anno 1953 inter motus in Unione Sovietica ob imperium militare repudiatum comprehensus et ad 25 annos in castris captivorum [[Vorkuta]] damnatus est. Aetate 16 annorum, Boris ecclesiam Pentecostalem in urbe Nakhodka invenit et baptismum accepit. Postea notitias de persecutione fidelium in Unione Sovietica colligere coepit et has per rotaprintum multiplicatas diurnariis externis tradidit<ref name="semenova">{{Cite web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|title=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|website=usa.one|author=Виктория Семёнова|date=2020-01-03|access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. === Motus emigrationis et dissidentia (1976–1980) === Anno 1976, Perčatkin cum sociis suis Vasili Patrushev, V. A. Burlachenko et Vladimir Stepanov nexum cum [[Dissidentes Sovietici|dissidentibus]] [[Moscua]]e constituit et cursum "motus emigrationis" coepit. Eodem tempore L. V. Voronina, legata [[Grex Moscuae Helsinkiensis]], Nakhodkam venit. Ex eo tempore Perčatkin ordinate exitum Pentecostalium ex [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]] ordinare coepit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Appellationes ad [[Consociatio Nationum|Nations Unitas]], [[Consilium Oecumenicum Ecclesiarum]] et duces civitatum quae [[Pacta Helsinkiensia]] obsignaverunt misit, persecutionem fidelium in USSR denuntians<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. Anno 1977, una cum Nikolai Goretoy dissidentes comprehensos [[Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Yuri Orlov]] et [[Anatoly Sharansky]] defendit et epistulam apertam ad politicos mundi nomine Pentecostalium scripsit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Eodem anno cum aliis Christianis inaniam protestationis ad ius liberae emigrationis ex USSR postulandum exercuit<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf |title=Dissidents fast across USSR|publisher=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=1977-10-09|language=en |location=[[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-26 |pages=2 }}</ref>. Die [[20 Decembris]] [[1978]], Perčatkin e cursuali Nakhodkae telegramma Anni Novi ad [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|Praesidem Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Iacobus Earl Carter]] misit, auxilium ad libertatem religiosam et ius emigrationis tuendum petens<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="nashaamerica"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|title=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|author=Андрей Дементьев|publisher=Русский остров|year=2011|pages=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>. Ab anno 1979, Centrum Emigrationis unitae Pentecostalium ex USSR exire volentium rexit. Anno 1980 secretarius Consilii Ecclesiarum Pentecostalium Sovieticarum ad emigrandum electus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. In fine anni 1979, Perčatkin declarationem ad parlamenta et gubernationes Civitatum Foederatarum, Canadae, Australiae, Britanniarum Regni, Germaniae Occidentalis, Franciae et Italiae paravit, in qua veram condicionem religiosam, consilia Factionis Communisticae ad ecclesiam delendam et violationes legum religiosarum exposuit<ref name="nashaamerica"/>. === Persecutio et comprehensio === Gubernatio Sovietica contra Perčatkin et familiam eius in ephemeridibus localibus mox acrem campaniam defamationis gessit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Die [[21 Augusti]] [[1980]], Perčatkin Nakhodkae comprehensus est et mense Martio [[1981]]<ref name="dtic">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|title=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref> secundum articulum 190.1 Codicis Poenalis RSFSR ("divulgatio mendaciorum figmentorum statum et ordinem socialem Sovieticum diffamantium") ad 2 annos incarcerationis damnatus est<ref name="dtic"/>. Secundum radiophoniam «[[Voice of America]]», inter interrogationem substantiae psychotropicae (neuroleptica) contra Perčatkin adhibitae sunt<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Mense Augusto 1982, poena expleta, certamen pro emigratione religiosa redintegravit. Mense Februario 1983 iterum comprehensus et secundum articulum 218 partis 2 Codicis Poenalis RSFSR (possessio armorum frigidorum) ad 1.5 annos in castris damnatus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Res diplomaticae et emigratio in Civitates Foederatas === Anno 1987, Perčatkin relationem «De condicione religiosa in USSR» pro Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum paravit. Postquam haec relatio in Congressu praelectorum est, Perčatkin ad conventum cum Secretario Civitatis [[George Shultz]]<ref name="romanovich"/>, Summo Iudice Iudicii Supremi [[William Rehnquist]]<ref name="romanovich"/> et Adiutore Secretarii Civitatis pro Rebus Religiosis vocatus est. Mense Mayo 1988, inter visitationem officialem Praesidis Civitatum Foederatarum [[Ronaldus Reagan]] in USSR ad conveniendum [[Michael Gorbačëv|Michaelem Gorbačëv]], Perčatkin in delegationem 40 dissidentium inclusus est qui cum uxore Reagan — [[Anna Reagan]] convenerunt. In conventu diei [[30 Maii]] [[1988]], ut legatus officialis Protestantium Sovieticorum, fere per duas horas Anna Reagan de statu libertatis religiosae in USSR retulit. Postea Anna Reagan Perčatkin invitavit ut relationem suam in Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum recitaret<ref name="gura">{{Cite journal|last=Гура|first=В.О.|title=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|journal=Гілея: науковий вісник|location=[[Kiovia]]|year=2018|issue=135|pages=171–175|language=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}</ref>. Die [[26 Iulii]] [[1988]], Perčatkin cum familia sua in Civitates Foederatas Americae emigravit<ref name="gura"/><ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Die [[4 Augusti]] [[1988]], in [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum|Congressu Civitatum Foederatarum]] de occidione fidelium in USSR orationem habuit et cum congressionalibus, senatoribus et legatis diplomatiis colloquia gessit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref name="gura"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|title=Фото|language=ru|website=russiainphoto.ru|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}</ref>. Ex his disputationibus<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|title=25-летие начала исхода|newspaper=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|author=Виталий Футорный|date=2013-08-11|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|archive-date=2024-05-08}}</ref> anno 1989 "Emendatio Lautenberg" lata est, ex nomine senatoris democratici ex civitate Nova Caesarea [[Frank Lautenberg]] vocata. Primo decennio huius emendationis amplius 350 milia perfugarum religiosorum in Civitates Foederatas venerunt<ref name="gura"/><ref name="semenova"/>, et usque ad annum 2010 hic numerus ad 1 millionem pervenit<ref name="romanovich"/>. Emigratio mathematica Pentecostalium ex urbe Nakhodka anno 1988 coepit, quo anno 152 adulti (parvis liberis exclusis) exierunt. Anno 1989 alii 45 adulti Pentecostales ex Nakhodka emigraverunt<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. === Operatio pro iuribus humanis in Civitatibus Foederatis === In Civitatibus Foederatis constitutus, Perčatkin situm interretialem suum aperuit ubi materias de comprehensione sua, tempore in carcere acto et certamine pro emigratione divulgavit<ref name="ostrovskaya"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|title=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|access-date=2023-09-25|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}</ref>. Praeterea societatem Christianam pro iuribus humanis ARRC (American-Russian Relief Committee) condidit<ref name="romanovich"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&pg=PA21|title=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2007|language=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}</ref>. Liber eius autobiographicus «Огненные тропы» ("Semitae igneae") saepius reeditus est<ref name="ostrovskaya"/>. Aestate anni 2025, Boris Perčatkin cum legatis Departmentis Status USA et Commissionis de Libertate Religiosa Internationali quaestionem persecutionis Christianorum pacifistarum in Ucraina et Russia, cohibitionem servitii civilis alternativi, conscriptionem militarem coactam, verberationes, arresta, minas ob recusationem participationis in bello, necnon discriminationem et accusationem poenalem excitavit. Hac de causa Perčatkin partitionem praecipuam immigrationis pro Christianis pacifistis Ucrainicis per programma [[Uniting for Ukraine]] (U4U) in USA advenientibus postulavit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|title=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|website=Slavic Sacramento|date=2025-07-15|access-date=2025-11-27|archive-date=2025-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}</ref>. == Memoria == Laureatus Praemii Nobeliani, academicus [[Andreas Sacharov]] in commentatione sua anni 1981 "Responsabilitas eruditorum" Borisem Perčatkin inter captivos politicos Sovieticos commemoravit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|title=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|archive-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>. == Notae == {{reflist}} == Nexus externi == * [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Situs interretialis officialis Borisis Perčatkin] * {{Cite journal|author=Michael Rowe|title=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=2008-01-02|volume=11|issue=3|pages=337–339|language=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}} * {{Cite journal|author=Catherine Wanner|title=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|journal=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|publisher=Brill Schöningh|date=2010-01|volume=44|issue=1–2|pages=44–66|language=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}} * {{Cite news|author=Special To the New York Times|title=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1979-09-05|access-date=2025-12-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|archive-date=2018-03-10}} [[Categoria:Nati 1946]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Dissidentes Sovietici]] [[Categoria:Propugnatores iurum humanorum]] nhmx05vwz907a5cxtf8gcrdo13llsgy 0 328388 3986892 2026-09-09T14:41:27Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Landolfshausen]] ad [[Landolfshusa]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3986892 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Landolfshusa]] hho9miwixsm1p7f1ijxbjex0lcrobjh 0 328389 3986910 2026-09-09T15:50:35Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio e francica documentatione 3986910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Eglise de Roncourt.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Assumptio]]ni [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata.]] {{res|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 78 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Historia == ''Roncourt''<ref>Qui dicitur ''Rodoniscurtis'', {{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 270.</ref> cum ''Hagnéville''<ref>Qui dicitur ''Haninevilla'', Graesse, t. 2, p. 209.</ref> sub nomine ''Hagnéville-et-Roncourt'' decreto praefecturali die [[26 Decembris]] anni [[1977]] coalescit. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 5il3j6if969cw2zaqmytbxrl2dx8dbo 3986914 3986910 2026-09-09T15:53:44Z Pippobuono 54500 complementum 3986914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Eglise de Roncourt.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Assumptio]]ni [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata, in viculo Rodoniscurti<ref name=Rodoniscurtis />.]] {{res|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 78 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Historia == ''Roncourt''<ref name=Rodoniscurtis>Qui dicitur ''Rodoniscurtis'', {{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 270.</ref> cum ''Hagnéville''<ref>Qui dicitur ''Haninevilla'', Graesse, t. 2, p. 209.</ref> sub nomine ''Hagnéville-et-Roncourt'' decreto praefecturali die [[26 Decembris]] anni [[1977]] coalescit. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 278hudywabwxvb8brb1j7a2i70c5m9e 1 328390 3986912 2026-09-09T15:52:08Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3986912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Hagnéville-et-Roncourt|237424877}} bmosw42rbsklu9o2g459f9sk5dmkeun 0 328391 3986920 2026-09-09T15:59:59Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio e francica documentatione 3986920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Hagécourt, Église Saint-Hilaire 2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Hagericurtis: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Hilarius|Sancto Hilario]] dicata.]] {{res|Hagericurtis}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 2, p. 202.</ref> (Francogallice ''Hagécourt'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 128 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hagécourt|Hagericurtem}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] s4e73yotrrhzw8j8av4qo01ap4s10g2 1 328392 3986922 2026-09-09T16:01:02Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3986922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Hagécourt|239359565}} 19h14p2jjfsv5vsraa8pzxurjokn9ke 0 328393 3986925 2026-09-09T16:10:46Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio e francica documentatione 3986925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Hadol, Église Saint-Gengoult.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Hadolia: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Gangulphus|Sancto Gangulpho]] dicata.]] {{res|Hadolia}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 2, p. 200.</ref> (Francogallice ''Hadol'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:2311}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Ludovicus Vivin]] (1861–1936), pictor insignis motus artis simplicissimi, hic natus est. * [[Ioannes Paulus Mathieu]] (1940-), Episcopus [[Dioecesis Sancti Deodati|Sancti Deodati]] (2005–2016), hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hadol|Hadoliam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] kgrzmuwzxz9krv4e6x2927znxv9uxia 1 328394 3986926 2026-09-09T16:12:47Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3986926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Hadol|238959441}} raa2fray0u6fpqrfy3uxpoeod7j1cmw 0 328395 3986948 2026-09-09T18:44:11Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)]] ad [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3986948 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Radolfshusa (commune generale)]] 93dtys383a16cg31ygrf6a3zmuhvenf 0 328396 3986985 2026-09-09T20:46:17Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Hahausen]] ad [[Hahusa]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3986985 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hahusa]] l4mqoq6ojut3z7d3od58p1crx6vynk2 2 328397 3986995 2026-09-09T21:50:48Z DOSA Catholic 214584 Paginam instituit, scribens '[[File:CoA Roman Catholic Diocese of Diocese of St Augustine.svg|miniatura|Stemma della [[Diocesi di Saint Augustine|Diocesi di Sant'Agostino]]|219x219px]] '''Lingua mea primaria est Anglica. [[:en:User:DOSA_Catholic|Pagina usoris principalis]]'''' 3986995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CoA Roman Catholic Diocese of Diocese of St Augustine.svg|miniatura|Stemma della [[Diocesi di Saint Augustine|Diocesi di Sant'Agostino]]|219x219px]] '''Lingua mea primaria est Anglica. [[:en:User:DOSA_Catholic|Pagina usoris principalis]]''' pxn7iy4sd52sikph474eqf70sgmcww8 3987007 3986995 2026-09-09T22:24:56Z DOSA Catholic 214584 3987007 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CoA Roman Catholic Diocese of Diocese of St Augustine.svg|miniatura|Stemma della [[Diocesi di Saint Augustine|Diocesi di Sant'Agostino]]|219x219px]] {| class="wikitable" |+ !{{Usor:DOSA Catholic/RomanCatholic-DOSA}} !{{Usor:DOSA Catholic/Utente Pellegrino del Giubileo 2025}} !{{Usor:DOSA Catholic/Questo utente ama Roma e la Città del Vaticano}} |} '''Lingua mea primaria est Anglica. [[:en:User:DOSA_Catholic|Pagina usoris principalis]]''' 0e8x93o8ua6pb54iudcd2z20ex5jtqf 10 328398 3986996 2026-09-09T22:02:23Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3986996 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Formula:Mvar/G_F}}</noinclude>{{safesubst:<noinclude />mvar|1=G<sub style="font-style: normal; font-size: .75em;">F</sub>|nota=𝘎_F est constans Fermiana, i.e. 1.435851041 × 10⁻⁶² J m³}} j075wwlm4eaiowgbzvpa6xoxxl9y19v 10 328399 3986997 2026-09-09T22:04:15Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3986997 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Formula:Mvar/G⁰_F}}</noinclude>{{safesubst:<noinclude />mvar|1=G<span style="display: inline-block; margin-bottom: -0.3em; vertical-align: -0.4em; line-height: 1.2em; font-style: normal; font-size: .75em; text-align: left; margin-left: .15em;"><sup style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">0</sup><br><sub style="font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">F</sub></span>|nota=𝘎⁰_F est constans Fermiana naturalis, i.e. 4.5437957 × 10¹⁴ J⁻²}} bqbv4rsg6nhkl1vpfe8cafn80hge84b 3987012 3986997 2026-09-09T22:32:33Z Grufo 64423 3987012 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Formula:Mvar/G⁰_F}}</noinclude>{{safesubst:<noinclude />mvar|1=G<span style="display: inline-block; margin-bottom: -.3em; vertical-align: -.4em; line-height: 1em; font-style: normal; font-size: .75em; text-align: left; margin-left: .15em;"><sup style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">0</sup><br><sub style="font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">F</sub></span>|nota=𝘎⁰_F est constans Fermiana naturalis, i.e. 4.5437957 × 10¹⁴ J⁻²}} ev52giz27jxizcdfnersf8k1r6vnd75 3987058 3987012 2026-09-10T09:51:47Z Grufo 64423 ‘line-height: 1em;’ → ‘line-height: .85em;’ 3987058 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Formula:Mvar/G⁰_F}}</noinclude>{{safesubst:<noinclude />mvar|1=G<span style="display: inline-block; margin-bottom: -.3em; vertical-align: -.4em; line-height: .85em; font-style: normal; font-size: .75em; text-align: left; margin-left: .15em;"><sup style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">0</sup><br><sub style="font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">F</sub></span>|nota=𝘎⁰_F est constans Fermiana naturalis, i.e. 4.5437957 × 10¹⁴ J⁻²}} g1ykyq6r36ckcoky96lfht7akkgiyss 3987059 3987058 2026-09-10T09:54:07Z Grufo 64423 3987059 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Formula:Mvar/G0_F}}</noinclude>{{safesubst:<noinclude />mvar|1=G<span style="display: inline-block; margin-bottom: -.3em; vertical-align: -.4em; line-height: .85em; font-style: normal; font-size: .75em; text-align: left; margin-left: .15em;"><sup style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">0</sup><br><sub style="font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">F</sub></span>|nota=𝘎⁰_F est constans Fermiana naturalis, i.e. 4.5437957 × 10¹⁴ J⁻²}} 23xpb9jat50cl2to4wrzt0jjf1s8vwj 2 328400 3987000 2026-09-09T22:10:59Z DOSA Catholic 214584 Prima adumbratio 3987000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{userbox | border-c = #FFBD03 | border-s = 1 | id = [[File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg|33px]] | id-c = #FFFFFF | info = '''Hoc usor [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana]] est qui in Dioecesi Sancti Augustini habitat.''' | info-c = #FFFFFF | info-s = 8 | info-fc = black | usercategory = <includeonly></includeonly> | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 8u8n8l6a0qo5xld8wxztvfd0yofwyxr 2 328401 3987003 2026-09-09T22:15:23Z DOSA Catholic 214584 Prima adumbratio 3987003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{userbox | border-c = black | id = [[File:Porte Sainte Basilique Saint Pierre - Vatican (VA) - 2021-08-27 - 1.jpg|33px]] | id-c = #ffefaa | info = '''Hic usor [[Roma|Romam]] peregrinationem fecit anno [[Iubilaeum anni 2025|Iubilaeum MMXXV]].''' | info-c = #ffefaa | info-fc = {{{info-fc|black}}} | info-s = {{{info-s|8}}} }}<noinclude> </noinclude> mltdfe9uymp992qv2mnqx69p5f9u01h 0 328402 3987005 2026-09-09T22:15:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Lutter am Barenberge]] ad [[Lutterun]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987005 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lutterun]] 3ekfj4g397ssz3oztmthk33a3m9ffs4 2 328403 3987006 2026-09-09T22:20:54Z DOSA Catholic 214584 Prima adumbratio 3987006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{userbox | border-c = #cb8e00 | border-s = 1 | id = [[File:Roma-Stemma-2.svg|33px]] | id-c = #FFFFFF | info = '''<big>Hic usor [[Roma]] et [[Civitas Vaticana|Status Civitatis Vaticanae]] amat!</big>''' | info-c = #FFFFFF | info-fc = black }} <noinclude> </noinclude> rphm329fk8138xx8x6z020v5506yhh4 0 328404 3987011 2026-09-09T22:26:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Lutter am Barenberge (commune generale)]] ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987011 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lutterun (commune generale)]] njexvutvh6fcl3tr96v3uc2exlg0t2h 0 328405 3987019 2026-09-09T22:54:30Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Wallmoden]] ad [[Walmde]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987019 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Walmde]] 9xkrzp4ybqgm2q1k7nxvnynx0j543zz 0 328406 3987041 2026-09-09T23:59:11Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3987041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻⁵}} }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Erosio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In capsa erosio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio intermedia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} virtualis (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrino dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes ostenta.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio beta|erosionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1934}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Ferminae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="mulan">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma eius naturalis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | tempus = 2015-06-01 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | tempus inspectionis = 2016-10-31 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui erosionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur: :<math>v = \left(\sqrt{2}\,G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 ; \textrm{GeV}</math>.<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | author2-link = MuLan | arxiv = 0704.1981 | article-number = 032001 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | article-number = 053008 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Erosio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] {{Physica-stipula}} td8wgearep9f9cj39j306p55ejumk1l 3987043 3987041 2026-09-10T00:02:26Z Grufo 64423 +Cat 3987043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻⁵}} }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Erosio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In capsa erosio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio intermedia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} virtualis (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrino dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes ostenta.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio beta|erosionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1934}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Ferminae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="mulan">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | tempus = 2015-06-01 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | tempus inspectionis = 2016-10-31 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui erosionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur: :<math>v = \left(\sqrt{2}\,G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 ; \textrm{GeV}</math>.<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | author2-link = MuLan | arxiv = 0704.1981 | article-number = 032001 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | article-number = 053008 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Erosio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] nkp1h22q0xmby415zww1fqrxcgme1n6 3987047 3987043 2026-09-10T00:10:14Z Grufo 64423 3987047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-2|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻⁵}} }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Erosio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine erosio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio beta|erosionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1934}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Ferminae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="mulan">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | tempus = 2015-06-01 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | tempus inspectionis = 2016-10-31 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui erosionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur: :<math>v = \left(\sqrt{2}\,G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 ; \textrm{GeV}</math>.<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | author2-link = MuLan | arxiv = 0704.1981 | article-number = 032001 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | article-number = 053008 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Erosio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 9jc7y9hcmghu34oz06rxo4f5izfc88u 3987048 3987047 2026-09-10T00:13:24Z Grufo 64423 3987048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-2|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻⁵}} }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Erosio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine erosio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio beta|erosionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Ferminae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | tempus = 2015-06-01 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | tempus inspectionis = 2016-10-31 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui erosionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur: :<math>v = \left(\sqrt{2}\,G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 ; \textrm{GeV}</math>.<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | article-number = 053008 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Erosio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] io6s9jymf61ind83hygimnpxfcgnpbt 3987049 3987048 2026-09-10T00:18:49Z Grufo 64423 3987049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-2|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻⁵}} }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Erosio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine erosio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio beta|erosionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Ferminae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | tempus = 2015-06-01 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | tempus inspectionis = 2016-10-31 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui erosionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur: :<math>v = \left(\sqrt{2}\,G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 ; \textrm{GeV}</math>.<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | article-number = 053008 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Erosio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] t2tbqo6iugtsxoqww4zlc3khcgz4shr 3987050 3987049 2026-09-10T00:23:16Z Grufo 64423 Mendam correxi 3987050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-2|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻⁵}} }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Erosio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine erosio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio beta|erosionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | tempus = 2015-06-01 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | tempus inspectionis = 2016-10-31 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui erosionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur: :<math>v = \left(\sqrt{2}\,G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 ; \textrm{GeV}</math>.<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | article-number = 053008 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Erosio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] o28iqc8p7s4gesxcya12bmkdphgib51 3987051 3987050 2026-09-10T00:29:46Z Grufo 64423 3987051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}} }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Erosio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine erosio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio beta|erosionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | tempus = 2015-06-01 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | tempus inspectionis = 2016-10-31 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui erosionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur: :<math>v = \left(\sqrt{2}\,G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 ; \textrm{GeV}</math>.<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | article-number = 053008 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Erosio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 9fxkisctvg21639z1h2nc2lu39f3v3j 3987057 3987051 2026-09-10T09:44:39Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3987057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}} }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Erosio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine erosio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio beta|erosionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|erosio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | tempus = 2015-06-01 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | tempus inspectionis = 2016-10-31 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui erosionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Erosio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] fb116ouotwm0s2x1jbc8y7ketcrrniu 3987067 3987057 2026-09-10T10:53:56Z Grufo 64423 De nomine dilapsionis beta; de mensionibus 3987067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}} explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref><ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] hoz8tzapkt0769ybhmk6s0i51d5js2j 3987068 3987067 2026-09-10T11:01:30Z Grufo 64423 3987068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] e8ktlcjbwe2hc8m90prhfyvtfsestyt 3987069 3987068 2026-09-10T11:02:19Z Grufo 64423 3987069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851041|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437957|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2}\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] o5w0cqfmhfxlrkukwl3iomjxrboicrs 3987070 3987069 2026-09-10T11:13:34Z Grufo 64423 Mendas correxi 3987070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in electronem et antineutrinum dissolvitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio nuclearis exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad primi ordinis approximationem habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 c^4 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2} c^4\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = http://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 3o53z5yqs8y15sqc4md10i7l1cb9tuo 10 328407 3987044 2026-09-10T00:04:04Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3987044 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Constans Fermiana|{{safesubst:<noinclude />mvar/G_F}}]] gittgy1w0pb4x5gtvj3084n96xqm0tz 3987045 3987044 2026-09-10T00:04:48Z Grufo 64423 3987045 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Formula:Mvar/G_F*}}</noinclude>[[Constans Fermiana|{{safesubst:<noinclude />mvar/G_F}}]] gk7okfjuy33ffbqsn32o5ua2hk12xma 10 328408 3987046 2026-09-10T00:05:07Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3987046 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Formula:Mvar/G0_F*}}</noinclude>[[Constans Fermiana|{{safesubst:<noinclude />mvar/G0_F}}]] krf9hy84acf5mirm0f25kj69x875i28 0 328409 3987052 2026-09-10T00:32:34Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3987052 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Constans Fermiana]] pva2un4cj41chyj3dcp82bk056gkdz7 0 328410 3987072 2026-09-10T11:16:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Langendorf]] ad [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987072 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)]] i673rbjsh87tw2h2p7ibte42ck2z279